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Percus, O. E. y J. K. Percus. "Coin tossing, revisited". Journal of Applied Probability 25, n.º 1 (marzo de 1988): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214234.
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An iterated sequence of Bernoulli trials is carried out and the success probability estimated at each point on the sequence by the current success ratio. We find the probability P1 that this estimate always lies above some pre-selected rational fraction p′, and its complement P2, the probability that it will reach p′ or below at least once. In the region p′ ≧ p, P1 = 0. In the region p′ < p, P1 ≠ 0 and is furthermore a discontinuous function of p′ at every rational p′.
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Percus, O. E. y J. K. Percus. "Coin tossing, revisited". Journal of Applied Probability 25, n.º 01 (marzo de 1988): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020004064x.
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An iterated sequence of Bernoulli trials is carried out and the success probability estimated at each point on the sequence by the current success ratio. We find the probability P 1 that this estimate always lies above some pre-selected rational fraction p′, and its complement P 2, the probability that it will reach p′ or below at least once. In the region p′ ≧ p, P 1 = 0. In the region p′ < p, P 1 ≠ 0 and is furthermore a discontinuous function of p′ at every rational p′.
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Yu, Chun He, Xiao Feng Tian y Dan Ping Zhang. "An Improved Device of Detecting True and False Coin". Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (abril de 2012): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1589.
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In order to reduce the loss of an automatic coin machine for using a 1-Yuan false coin, an improved device is designed by applying the eddy current nondestructive testing technology, which uses two distinct frequency signals to detect the information of coin. The device includes four modules: two LC oscillating circuits, signal processing module, microprocessor module and external control circuits. The detection algorithm selects two counting values under two distinct frequency signals. The low frequency circuit detects the information of the coin material, and the high frequency circuit detects the feature of the coin surface. The detection region of true coin is decided by the method of least square. The experiment shows that the device has the characters of stability, reliability and high accuracy.
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Estolano, Patrick Joseph L. y Antonio H. Chua. "Spontaneous Passage of Ingested Coin in Children". Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 30, n.º 2 (19 de noviembre de 2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v30i2.345.
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Objective: To determine the factors related to spontaneous passage of ingested coins in children.
Methods:
Study Design: Retrospective Study
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Subjects: The records of 136 pediatric patients with a history of coin ingestion seen at the emergency room department of our institution between December 2012 and May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data such as age and gender of the patient were recorded, including the type of coin, location of coin in the esophagus, time of ingestion and time of spontaneous passage into the stomach (for those that passed spontaneously).
Results: Spontaneous passage in 27 out of 136 pediatric patients with radiographic evidence of a round radio-opaque foreign body initially located in the esophagus eventually passed into the stomach or intestines, accounting for 20% of the total number of cases. Coin ingestion was more common in patients aged 5 to 6 years (33% of cases), with slight male predominance (58%). One peso coins were the most common type of coin ingested, however only 24% of these spontaneously passed. The rate of spontaneous passage was highest in smaller sized coins (5 and 25 centavo coin) compared to larger sized coins (5 peso). Proximally located coins, albeit more common than middle and distally located coins, were the least likely to spontaneously pass (12%). Average time interval from ingestion to passage of the coin was 12 hours.
Conclusion: Many factors are related to spontaneous passage of foreign bodies in the esophagus. The age of the patient, type of coin ingested, and initial location of the coin in the esophagus should be considered. Older patients, smaller sized coins, and distally located coins have the highest probability of spontaneous passage beyond the esophagus. A 12-hour observation period may be considered in patients with single esophageal coin ingestion.
Keywords: foreign body, esophagus, esophagoscopy
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Aiello, Matthew. "Extended training to prepare GPs for future workforce needs: a qualitative investigation of a 1-year fellowship in urgent care". British Journal of General Practice 68, suppl 1 (junio de 2018): bjgp18X696953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x696953.
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BackgroundIt has been argued that UK general practice specialist training should be extended, to better prepare GPs for challenges facing 21st-century health care. Evidence is needed to inform how this should occur.AimTo investigate the experience of recently trained GPs undertaking a 1-year full-time fellowship programme; in particular, workforce impact and career development potential. The fellowship was designed to provide advanced skills training in urgent care, integrated care, leadership, and academic practice.MethodSemi-structured interviews conducted longitudinally over 2 years, augmented by observational data in West Midlands, England. Participants were interviewed on at least three occasions: twice while undertaking the fellowship, and at least once post-completion. Participants’ clinical and academic activities were observed. Data were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsSeven GPs participated in the pilot scheme. The fellowship was highly rated and felt to be balanced in terms of the opportunities for skill development, academic advancement, and confidence building. GPs experienced enhanced employability on completing the scheme, and at follow-up were working in a variety of primary care/urgent care interface clinical and leadership roles. Participants believed the fellowship made general practice a more attractive career option for newly qualified doctors.ConclusionThe fellowship provides a defined framework for training GPs to work in an enhanced manner across organisational interfaces, with the skills to support service improvement and integration. The fellowship model appears appropriate to prepare GPs for portfolio roles. Its impact on NHS service delivery continues to be investigated by Health Education England.
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Anwar, Hafeez, Serwah Sabetghadam y Peter Bell. "An Image-Based Class Retrieval System for Roman Republican Coins". Entropy 22, n.º 8 (22 de julio de 2020): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080799.
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We propose an image-based class retrieval system for ancient Roman Republican coins that can be instrumental in various archaeological applications such as museums, Numismatics study, and even online auctions websites. For such applications, the aim is not only classification of a given coin, but also the retrieval of its information from standard reference book. Such classification and information retrieval is performed by our proposed system via a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI). The query coin image gets matched with exemplar images of each coin class stored in the database. The retrieved coin classes are then displayed in the GUI along with their descriptions from a reference book. However, it is highly impractical to match a query image with each of the class exemplar images as there are 10 exemplar images for each of the 60 coin classes. Similarly, displaying all the retrieved coin classes and their respective information in the GUI will cause user inconvenience. Consequently, to avoid such brute-force matching, we incrementally vary the number of matches per class to find the least matches attaining the maximum classification accuracy. In a similar manner, we also extend the search space for coin class to find the minimal number of retrieved classes that achieve maximum classification accuracy. On the current dataset, our system successfully attains a classification accuracy of 99% for five matches per class such that the top ten retrieved classes are considered. As a result, the computational complexity is reduced by matching the query image with only half of the exemplar images per class. In addition, displaying the top 10 retrieved classes is far more convenient than displaying all 60 classes.
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Bogner, Hillary R., Stephanie Abbuhl, Lucy Wolf Tuton, Bridget Dougherty, Diana Zarowin, Alejandra Guevara y Heather McClintock. "Developing leadership in women’s health research". Leadership in Health Services 33, n.º 3 (27 de junio de 2020): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-02-2020-0006.
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Purpose Recruiting medical students into women’s health and gender-based medical research is important internationally. Medical student research training is critical for developing future women’s health leaders who are adept at conducting high-impact research. This paper aims to describe a six-month medical student research fellowship in women’s health in terms of fellowship recipients’ publications related to their research project and future academic careers. Design/methodology/approach Targeted searches of fellowship recipients and their fellowship mentors were conducted in PubMed and Scopus from 2001–2017. Prior student fellows were also e-mailed and called to assess whether they held academic positions. Findings Since 2001, funds have been secured to support a total of 83 students (69 women, 14 men) in a mentored research experience in women’s health and gender-based medicine. In total, 48 out of the 83 (57.8%) medical student fellowship recipients published at least one peer-reviewed research paper or scientific review related to their research project. Of the 50 prior recipients with a least five years of follow-up data (41 women, 9 men), 26 (52%) were in academic careers. Research limitations/implications Because this is an observational study and only medical students interested in women’s health applied to be a student fellow, there is an inability to infer causality. Practical implications Following completion of the medical student research training fellowship in women’s health, more than half of recipients published in peer-reviewed medical journals on their research project. Originality/value This study explores the association of an innovative medical student experience in women’s health research on subsequent fellowship-related publications and career outcomes, contributing to the body of knowledge on the influence of a mentored research leadership program for medical students on academic professional development.
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Pagan-Rosado, Robert, Mark Friedrich Hurdle, Claudia Jimenez, Andrea Cheville y Raul A. Rosario-Concepcion. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship Websites". Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 8 (enero de 2021): 238212052110283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23821205211028346.
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Objective: To evaluate the comprehensiveness of primary care sports medicine fellowship websites and identify potential areas of improvement. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of fellowship program websites using quantitative and descriptive statistics. Setting: Internet. Participants: A total of 192 primary care sports medicine fellowship websites listed on the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) website. Independent Variables: Program Specialty and Program Region. Main Outcome Measures: The presence or absence of 19 predetermined criteria on primary care sports medicine fellowship websites. Results: The average number of criteria that was included on each website was 9.8 (SD 3.5) (51.6%) of the possible 19. Programs had as few as 2 of the 19 (10.5%) criteria included on their website, and others had as many as 17 of the 19 (89.4%) criteria. Of the 192 primary care sports medicine fellowships, only 5 (2.6%) addressed at least 80% of the 19 different criteria. No primary care sports medicine fellowship website included all 19 criteria. Conclusions: Most primary care sports medicine fellowship websites do not offer comprehensive information about their programs for prospective applicants.
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Davie, Grace. "Belief and Unbelief: Two sides of a Coin". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 15, n.º 3 (15 de agosto de 2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000410.
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It is widely recognised that the process of secularisation takes place differently in different parts of the world. Less often appreciated is the wide variety of ‘secularities’ (and indeed of ‘secularisms’) that emerge as a result. This article will look at this question systematically, and will try to identify at least some of the factors that must be taken into account if we are to understand unbelief as well as belief. In so doing it builds on the author's earlier work relating to patterns of religion in modern Europe.1
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Song, Myungkeun, Won Seok Lee y Joonho Moon. "Exploration of Antecedents of Quality of Life and Perceived Healthiness for Senior Citizen at Chungbuk Province". Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.3.202209.417.
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Purpose - The purpose of current study is to investigate the determinants of quality of life in Chungbuk province using Korean longitudinal study aging data. Design/methodology/approach - This study used quality of life and perceived healthiness as the dependent variables. This study selected perceived healthiness, economic participation, annual travel frequency, religion, and fellowship as the independent variables to account for quality of life. For the data analysis, this study implemented econometric analysis, which includes ordinary least square, one-way fixed effect, and feasible generalized least square. Findings - Perceived healthiness positively affected quality of life. Also, quality of life is positively influenced by economic participation and annual travel frequency. However, religion and fellowship appeared as non-significant attribute to account for quality of life. The results also present that perceived healthiness is positively influenced by economic participation, annual travel frequency, and fellowship. Research implications or Originality - Given the results, this offers the implication for the senior citizen welfare policy. This study also produced policy implication for local community.
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Heisinger, Luke, Paul Newton y Eva Kanso. "Coins falling in water". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 742 (21 de febrero de 2014): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.6.
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AbstractWhen a coin falls in water, its trajectory is one of four types, determined by its dimensionless moment of inertia $I^\ast $ and Reynolds number $\text {Re}$: (A) steady; (B) fluttering; (C) chaotic; or (D) tumbling. The dynamics induced by the interaction of the water with the surface of the coin, however, makes the exact landing site difficult to predict a priori. Here, we describe a carefully designed experiment in which a coin is dropped repeatedly in water to determine the probability density functions (p.d.f.s) associated with the landing positions for each of the four trajectory types, all of which are radially symmetric about the centre drop-line. In the case of the steady mode, the p.d.f. is approximately Gaussian distributed with small variances, indicating that the coin is most likely to land at the centre, right below the point from which it is dropped. For the other falling modes, the centre is one of the least likely landing sites. Indeed, the p.d.f.s of the fluttering, chaotic and tumbling modes are characterized by a ‘dip’ around the centre. In the tumbling mode, the p.d.f. is a ring configuration about the centreline whereas in the chaotic mode, the p.d.f. is generally a broadband distribution spread out radially symmetrically about the centreline. For the steady and fluttering modes, the coin never flips, so the coin lands with the same side up as when it was dropped. The probability of heads or tails is close to 0.5 for the chaotic mode and, in the case of the tumbling mode, the probability of heads or tails is based on the height of the drop which determines whether the coin flips an even or odd number of times during descent.
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HAGGERTY, ROBERT J. "The Academic Generalist: Still an Endangered Species? A Response". Pediatrics 88, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1991): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.2.385.
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I shared the commentary by Taussig and Ey1 with the Project Directors of the six participating sites of the General Pediatrics Academic Development Program. The authors of the commentary raise several important questions, which we collectively answer. 1. Three years of fellowship training (rather than the two provided in the program) should be required. All of us agree enthusiastically with this statement and believe that at least half of fellowship training time should be protected for research. In the 2-year program of the General Pediatrics Academic Development Program, at least 50% of the fellows' time was dedicated to research, more than many fellowships in subspecialities.
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Masghati, E. "The Patronage Dilemma: Allison Davis's Odyssey from Fellow to Faculty". History of Education Quarterly 60, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2020): 581–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.58.
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This article analyzes the role of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in shaping the career of W. Allison Davis, a distinguished anthropologist who became the first African American appointed to the faculty of a mostly white university. From 1928 to 1948, the Rosenwald Fund ran an expansive fellowship program for African American intellectuals, which, despite its significance, remains largely unexamined in the scholarly literature. Davis tied his academic aspirations to Rosenwald Fund support, including for his early research and the terms of his faculty appointment. His experiences illustrate the dynamics inclusion and exclusion of African Americans in the academy; paternalistic promotion and strategic denial functioned as two sides of the same coin. Spotlighting Davis's negotiations, this article establishes how presumptions of racial inferiority guided Rosenwald patronage and demonstrates the extent to which the principles of meritocracy and expertise remained secondary concerns for those interested in cultivating African American intellectuals.
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Moesgaard, Jens Christian. "Mønter fra middelalderlige landbebyggelser – Et overset kildemateriale til belysning af bønders møntbrug". Kuml 65, n.º 65 (25 de noviembre de 2016): 153–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v65i65.24832.
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Coins from Medieval rural settlementsAn overlooked record of peasant coin useIt is much discussed among historians, numismatists and archaeologists whether peasants made use of coins in the Middle Ages, or whether they simply lived off their own products and turned to barter on the rare occasions when they had to acquire something. Written sources show that peasants sometimes paid taxes and rents in coin, sometimes in kind. Finds of coins (hoards, finds from church floors and, not least, metal-detector finds) clearly demonstrate that coins were available in large numbers in rural areas, at least from the 13th century onwards. But can we securely link them to peasants? They may have been handled by nobles or the clergy.A hitherto neglected category of evidence may help us in this respect, i.e. coins found in archaeological layers during excavations of villages or farms. These finds are rarer than one might think, but this is due more to modern bias than Medieval reality. Because abandoned villages have often subsequently been cultivated, leading to destruction of the archaeological stratigraphy by the plough and leading to artefacts formerly in context now being in the top soil.It is not the aim of this paper to undertake an all-embracing analysis. Drawing on a limited number of rural sites on Zealand, in particular Tårnby, Store Valby and Hejninge, with well preserved archaeological stratigraphies, its ambition is to demonstrate the potential of this type of evidence.The first part deals with the occurrence of coins. It turns out that coins are present in secure peasant contexts at many sites, on both ordinary and wealthy farms. In villages, they are in several instances occurring at all of the excavated farms. There are, however, a number of well-excavated village sites with no coin finds at all. This may be due to a poor state of preservation and inadequate excavation techniques, but in some instances at least it may reflect Medieval reality. The scope of the present paper is too limited for firm conclusions to be drawn, but different social and economic conditions may have resulted in more or less intensive coin use. Maybe the prosperous crop-growing peasants of the Køge-Roskilde area only sold their harvest once a year and then paid their rents, but did not use coins on an everyday basis. While the poorer peasants in northern Zealand had to engage in some timber trading, honey production etc., which led to them using coins more frequently. This is, however, just a hypothesis that needs to be tested by a larger scale study.The second part looks in more detail at the archaeological context. Each coin is assessed for whether it is contemporary with its context or not; the nature of its context is established (occupation layer, construction, destruction); the position of the find-spot within the farm is determined; it is then discussed whether the find-spot is where the coin was originally lost or deposited, or whether the coin has been moved during earthworks or other human or natural activities.It turns out that a large proportion of the coins derives from floors of the farm houses: in living rooms, kitchens and pantries. These are predominantly contemporary with the contexts. There are also coins from stables and courtyards, as well as from rubbish pits. Small purses containing a few coins are also recorded. The emerging picture is of intensive day-to-day coin use resulting in accidental coin losses within the farm, i.e. the private and production spheres of the peasants. One has to remember that coin finds are merely the residue, representing the coins that were not recovered by the people who lost them, and that most coins were not lost. Consequently, the level of monetary activity must have been considerable.Relatively few coins derive from secondary or disturbed contexts, most of which are linked to construction works. This is in sharp contrast to what we usually see at urban sites, where more intensive construction activity through the centuries has disturbed the archaeological contexts to a major degree. A few coins may be deliberate deposits, in a pit or beneath an entrance, intended to bring good fortune to the house, but none occur in an unambiguous context which would allow us to be certain of this interpretation.This paper shows the potential for using coins recovered from archaeological contexts at rural sites to demonstrate that peasants handled coins during the Middle Ages, at least from c. 1200 onwards. The scope of this survey is too limited for general conclusions to be drawn, and the sites without coins suggest that there may be chronological, geographical or social variations that we will only be able to understand if larger-scale investigations are embarked upon.Jens Christian MoesgaardNationalmuseetFotos: Tine Bonde Christensen Nationalmuseet
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Lagwinski, Nikolaj y Jennifer L. Hunt. "Fellowship Trends of Pathology Residents". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2009): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.9.1431.
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Abstract Context.—Recent changes in pathology residency education have included a decrease in the program length (from 5 years to 4 years for combined anatomic and clinical pathology training) and a national mandate for programs to assess 6 general competencies of trainees. These have undoubtedly led to changes in program curricula and in residents' desires to seek fellowship training. Objective.—This study was designed to gather information about what residents are seeking from fellowship training programs. Design.—This study used an online survey to assess attitudes of residents in training programs toward fellowship training. The survey instrument had 26 questions pertaining to fellowship choices, motivations for pursuing fellowships, expectations of the fellowships, and postresidency concerns. Results.—There were 213 respondents from a mix of program types and representing each postgraduate year. Most residents will seek at least 1 or 2 fellowships after residency training. The most popular first-choice fellowship was surgical pathology (26%), followed by cytopathology (16%), hematopathology (15%), gastrointestinal pathology (10%), dermatopathology (8%), and forensic pathology (5%). The most common reasons for pursuing fellowship training were to “increase marketability” (43%) or to “become an expert in a particular area” (33%). Most trainees got their information about fellowship training programs from Internet sources. Conclusions.—Fellowship programs will benefit from an optimally designed Web site because residents seek information predominantly from the Internet. Residents seeking fellowships are particularly concerned with selecting programs that provide job connections, an increase in their marketability, and the opportunity to develop diagnostic expertise.
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Horner, Anthony A. "Toll-like receptor ligands and atopy: A coin with at least two sides". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.02.035.
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Dale, Jeremy, Rachel Russell, Frances Harkness, Veronica Wilkie y Matthew Aiello. "Extended training to prepare GPs for future workforce needs: a qualitative investigation of a 1-year fellowship in urgent care". British Journal of General Practice 67, n.º 662 (17 de julio de 2017): e659-e667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x691853.
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BackgroundIt has been argued that UK general practice specialist training should be extended to better prepare GPs for the challenges facing 21st-century health care. Evidence is needed to inform how this should occur.AimTo investigate the experience of recently trained GPs undertaking a 1-year full-time fellowship programme designed to provide advanced skills training in urgent care, integrated care, leadership, and academic practice; and its impact on subsequent career development.Design and settingSemi-structured interviews conducted longitudinally over 2 years augmented by observational data in the West Midlands, England.MethodParticipants were interviewed on at least three occasions: twice while undertaking the fellowship, and at least once post-completion. Participants’ clinical and academic activities were observed. Data were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsSeven GPs participated in the pilot scheme. The fellowship was highly rated and felt to be balanced in terms of the opportunities for skill development, academic advancement, and confidence building. GPs experienced enhanced employability on completing the scheme, and at follow-up were working in a variety of primary care/urgent care interface clinical and leadership roles. Participants believed it was making general practice a more attractive career option for newly qualified doctors.ConclusionThe 1-year fellowship provides a defined framework for training GPs to work in an enhanced manner across organisational interfaces with the skills to support service improvement and integration. It appears to be well suited to preparing GPs for portfolio roles, but its wider applicability and impact on NHS service delivery needs further investigation.
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Kenny, James, Malcolm Lyne, John Magilton y Paul Buckland. "A Late Roman ‘Hall’ at Batten Hanger, West Sussex". Britannia 47 (29 de enero de 2016): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x16000015.
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AbstractExcavation of the latest surviving structures of the villa at Batten Hanger in West Sussex indicates that a large aisled building was demolished in the late fourth or fifth century and replaced by a large hall 31.6 m long by 11.5 m wide, orientated approximately east–west. The survival of pad stones shows this space to have been divided into seven bays, with the more westerly bays screened off by a cross wall. The east wall of the building had collapsed outwards and was largely complete. A coin of Valentinian III suggests that occupation continued at least to the middle of the fifth century. The Supplementary Material available online (http://journals.cambridge.org/bri) contains a detailed presentation of the coin hoard and the pottery assemblages.
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Nadel, Jeffrey L., R. Michael Scott, Susan R. Durham y Cormac O. Maher. "Recent trends in North American pediatric neurosurgical fellowship training". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 23, n.º 4 (abril de 2019): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.10.peds18106.
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OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to evaluate trends in pediatric neurosurgical fellowship training in North America.METHODSFrom a database maintained by the Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowships (ACPNF), all graduates of ACPNF-accredited pediatric neurosurgery fellowships were identified, and an Internet search was conducted to determine sex, undergraduate and graduate degrees, location and dates of residency and fellowship training, current practice/employment environment, American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) or Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons certification status, American Board of Pediatric Neurological Surgery (ABPNS) certification status, and extent of current pediatric-focused practice. The graduates were further studied to determine whether they had completed a neurosurgical residency at a program with an affiliated ACPNF-accredited pediatric neurosurgery fellowship program, and their residency training programs were further classified by whether the program was ranked in the top 50 by NIH funding awards. Each fellowship graduate’s current practice was also ranked in a similar fashion.RESULTSThere were 391 graduates of ACPNF-accredited pediatric neurosurgery fellowship programs from 1993 to 2018. The number of graduates per year has grown steadily over time, as has the percentage of women, now over 40% compared to zero in the first 3 years of fellowship accreditation in the mid-1990s. Approximately 71% of graduating fellows have a pediatric-focused practice, but only 63% went on to attain ABPNS certification. Of all graduates practicing in the United States, 68% practice in academic settings. Ninety-five percent of graduating fellows who were ABNS board eligible were ABNS certified.CONCLUSIONSA study of the graduates of accredited pediatric neurosurgical fellowships from 1993 to 2018 has revealed a growth in the number of graduates from ACPNF-accredited fellowship programs over time. A substantial portion of graduates will practice at least some adult neurosurgery and not go on to obtain ABPNS board certification.
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Bonnet, Jonathan Paul, Ingrid Edshteyn, Edward M. Phillips, Sharon K. Hull y Rani Polak. "Perspectives on a Lifestyle Medicine Fellowship Curriculum From Interested Medical Students". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 13, n.º 1 (5 de diciembre de 2016): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616681270.
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Background. Lifestyle behaviors have a significant effect on preventing and treating disease, yet there is minimal graduate medical training in lifestyle medicine (LM). LM stakeholders’ perspectives regarding components of a LM fellowship have been examined. However, the student perspective has not been studied. Methods. A cross-sectional study design analyzed medical student perceptions surrounding LM domains and educational experiences. A Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test were performed for each topic. Results. In all, 21 medical students completed the survey. All domains (nutrition, physical activity, behavior change, stress resiliency, and personal health), except smoking cessation, were rated as important or very important by at least 75% of the respondents (P = .002). The 4 highest-rated educational experiences, by at least 69% of respondents, included developing LM interventions and health promotion programs, clinical experiences, and teaching other health care providers about LM. Significant differences overall were found among the educational experiences (P = .005), with research and fund raising considered the least important. Conclusions. Medical students felt strongly about including nutrition, physical activity, behavior change, personal health, and stress resiliency as part of a LM fellowship curriculum. There was significantly less interest in smoking cessation. Desired experiences of students focused on delivery of LM.
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Okereke, Robyn, Cory Janney, Aryan Rezvani y Kiya Shazadeh Safavi. "Gender and Geographic Trends Amongst Foot & Ankle Surgeons: Where Are We and Where Do We Need to Improve?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, n.º 1 (enero de 2022): 2473011421S0038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00382.
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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Clinical and elective experiences as well as the guidance of mentors are all critical factors in the pursuance of orthopedic residencies and fellowships. Women have historically been underrepresented in orthopedics. Some propose that the root cause lies in the lack of availability in the aforementioned factors. Previous studies demonstrated geographic differences in sex representation in orthopedic residency programs. Studies over geographic distributions of orthopedic foot and ankle (OFA) surgeons showed high variation in geographic density of OFA surgeons throughout the U.S. This study seeks to determine both the gender and geographic distributions of OFA surgeons as well as to determine geographic patterns between their training locations and current practices. Methods: AOFAS data regarding fellowship completion from 1988 through 2021 was analyzed with regards to gender and fellowship location. Internet searches were performed for all those identified within the database for their medical school, residency, and current practice location. This biographical data was obtained from their front-facing biographical webpage or hospital affiliation. States were placed into regions and subsequent divisions as defined according to the US Census Bureau definition: Northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic), Midwest (East North Central and West North Central), South (South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central) and West (Mountain and Pacific). Results: 1,088 OFA surgeons were analyzed. 168 (15.3%) were female and 922 (84.7%) were male. Female-held OFA fellowship positions increased over time, currently sitting at 13 (22% of all fellowship positions), with a maximum of 15 (25%) in 2017. Geographically, the Pacific had most females (n=26, 15.6% of females), while East South Central had least (n=10, 6.0%). The South Atlantic had most males (n=193, 20.9% of males) while East South Central had least (n=59, 5.3%). The region with the most OFA surgeons in total was the South Atlantic (n=218, 20.0% of the total) whereas the regions with the least were East South Central and New England (n=59, 5.4% in each). Conclusion: Although the amount of female OFA surgeons has increased, the numbers are still low. Geographically, the East South Central division of the U.S consistently had the least number of OFA surgeons whereas the South Atlantic division had the highest.
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Okereke, Robyn, Cory Janney, Kiya Shazadeh Safavi y Aryan Rezvani. "Gender and Geographic Trends Amongst Foot & Ankle Surgeons: Where are We and Where Do We Need to Improve?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, n.º 4 (octubre de 2022): 2473011421S0086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00860.
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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Clinical and elective experiences as well as the guidance of mentors are all critical factors in the pursuance of orthopedic residencies and fellowships. Women have historically been underrepresented in orthopedics. Some propose that the root cause lies in the lack of availability in the aforementioned factors. Previous studies demonstrated geographic differences in sex representation in orthopedic residency programs. Studies over geographic distributions of orthopedic foot and ankle (OFA) surgeons showed high variation in geographic density of OFA surgeons throughout the U.S. This study seeks to determine both the gender and geographic distributions of OFA surgeons as well as to determine geographic patterns between their training locations and current practices. Methods: AOFAS data regarding fellowship completion from 1988 through 2021 was analyzed with regards to gender and fellowship location. Internet searches were performed for all those identified within the database for their medical school, residency, and current practice location. This biographical data was obtained from their front-facing biographical webpage or hospital affiliation. States were placed into regions and subsequent divisions as defined according to the US Census Bureau definition: Northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic), Midwest (East North Central and West North Central), South (South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central) and West (Mountain and Pacific). Results: 1,088 OFA surgeons were analyzed. 168 (15.3%) were female and 922 (84.7%) were male. Female-held OFA fellowship positions increased over time, currently sitting at 13 (22% of all fellowship positions), with a maximum of 15 (25%) in 2017. Geographically, the Pacific had most females (n=26, 15.6% of females), while East South Central had least (n=10, 6.0%). The South Atlantic had most males (n=193, 20.9% of males) while East South Central had least (n=59, 5.3%). The region with the most OFA surgeons in total was the South Atlantic (n=218, 20.0% of the total) whereas the regions with the least were East South Central and New England (n=59, 5.4% in each). Conclusion: Although the amount of female OFA surgeons has increased, the numbers are still low. Geographically, the East South Central division of the U.S consistently had the least number of OFA surgeons whereas the South Atlantic division had the highest.
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Marks, Etan, Michael B. Prystowsky y Amy S. Fox. "How to Succeed in Fellowship Acquisition: A Survey of Pathology Residents". Academic Pathology 6 (1 de enero de 2019): 237428951988471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374289519884711.
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Medical school curricula limit students’ exposure to pathology practice while pathology subspecialty training programs require residents to apply for fellowships as early as the end of their first year of training. Thus, limited exposure to pathology practice creates significant confusion and anxiety, often making the fellowship application process premature. Additionally, early focus on subspecialty training in order to acquire a fellowship adds to the initial lack of emphasis on general pathology training. We prepared a voluntary online survey with questions developed through focus groups and advice from an expert in survey design to determine which fellowships are desired and how successful residents are in their pursuit of these fellowships. The survey was distributed through the Pathology Residency Program Directors' (PRODS) listserv. Answers were solicited from pathology trainees throughout the entire training cycle. There were 141 (4.6% response rate) total respondents with each postgraduate year represented. One hundred twenty-two (95%) of 129 residents plan on completing 1 or 2 fellowships after residency training. Encouragingly, 94 (75%) of 126 pathology residents attained their desired specialty fellowship. However, 32 (32%) of 99 residents who acquired at least one fellowship chose a general surgical pathology fellowship. Furthermore, 33 (24%) respondents had already decided to pursue a specific specialty while still in medical school. An additional 32 (23%) came to their decision during postgraduate year 1. Therefore, although most residents are successful in attaining their desired fellowship, further research is needed to understand the effect of early commitment to a subspecialty and its impact on pathology education.
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Varndell, Gillian. "Ringing the changes: when terminology matters". Antiquity 75, n.º 289 (septiembre de 2001): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088712.
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Under the old Treasure Trove laws, small, single items of precious metal were frequently dismissed by Coroners as casual losses (although they still had to be reported). This meant that numbers of small items never went to inquest, as one of the criteria for Treasure was that in all likelihood objects had been buried with the intention to recover them (the animus revertendi). This criterion was removed when the new Act was passed some five years ago. The extension of the law to cover such items has thrown up at least one problem of definition.A later Bronze Age gold penannular ring was recently found not to be treasure at inquest, because the piece was held to be a coin. Single, stray finds of coins are not counted as treasure, whereas any ornament of precious metal at least 300 years old, small or large, is now eligible under the 1996 Treasure Act. This raises two issues. The first concerns the definition of ‘coin’ as explained in the Code of Practice; the second is about terminology, and specifically the use of the term ‘ring-money’ to describe such objects.
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Matsugasaki, Keisuke, Wakana Tsukamoto y Yohsuke Ohtsubo. "Two Failed Replications of the Watching Eyes Effect". Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 6, n.º 2 (9 de septiembre de 2015): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2015.36.
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The watching eyes effect refers to the phenomenon that people behave more altruistically than usual when an eye-image is present in their environment. In this paper, we report two failed replications of the watching eyes effect. In both Studies 1 and 2, participants decided how many coins out of a seven coin endowment (each coin worth 100 Japanese yen) to allocate to a subsequent participant, under the assumption that the prior participant may have left them some coins. In Study 1, participants anonymously made their allocation decision while seated in front of a poster depicting either an eye-image or a geometric pattern. In Study 2, to increase the saliency of the watching eyes, participants were instructed to place the coins in envelopes (one for self and one for the subsequent participant) printed with either an eye-image or a geometric pattern. In both Studies 1 and 2, the number of coins that participants allocated to subsequent participants did not significantly differ between the eye-image and control conditions. Moreover, the proportion of participants who allocated at least one coin to subsequent participants was not significantly different across the two conditions. In our studies, altruism was not increased by watching eyes.
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Holley, J. L., C. J. Foulks y A. H. Moss. "Nephrologists' reported attitudes about factors influencing recommendations to initiate or withdraw dialysis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1, n.º 12 (junio de 1991): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1121284.
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A nationwide survey of nephrologists was performed to learn which patient factors and characteristics of nephrology fellowship training they reported as influencing their decisions to start or stop dialysis. One hundred seventy-four of 482 responses were received. Most respondents were men in private practice living in large communities (41% in communities over 1,000,000 population). Most had completed a 2-yr fellowship (88%) at a medical school hospital (75%). Few (9%) received formal instruction in medical ethics during fellowship training, and only one quarter had informally discussed life-sustaining treatments during training. Neurological status was the most, and age the least, important patient factor reported to influence decisions to start or stop dialysis. No respondent demographic factors correlated with ranking of patient factors in decisions to initiate or forego dialysis. Family wishes and preexisting medical conditions were significantly more important considerations in initiating than in stopping dialysis. Insights about the factors practicing nephrologists reportedly weigh most heavily in making the difficult decisions to withhold or withdraw dialysis are provided by this study. Additional study of the actual practices of nephrologists in decisions to initiate or withdraw dialysis and the factors influencing those decisions are needed. Formal instruction in these and other ethical problems confronting nephrologists should perhaps be included in fellowship programs.
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Stevens, Robert B., John R. Hatzenbuehler, William W. Dexter, Amy E. Haskins y Christina T. Holt. "Unverifiable Academic Work by Applicants to Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship Programs in the United States". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 8, n.º 5 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-16-00059.1.
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ABSTRACT Background In 2008, it was shown that 11% of applications to a primary care sports medicine program contained unverifiable citations for publications. In 2009, the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine changed the application requirements, requiring proof that all claimed citations (publications and presentations) be included with the fellowship application. Objective We determined the rate of unverifiable academic citations in applications to primary care sports medicine fellowship programs after proof of citations was required. Methods We retrospectively examined all applications submitted to 5 primary care sports medicine fellowship programs across the country for 3 academic years (2010–2013), out of 108 to 131 programs per year. For claimed citations that did not include proof of publication or presentation, we attempted to verify them using PubMed and Google Scholar searches, a medical librarian search, and finally directly contacting the publisher or sponsoring conference organization for verification. Results Fifteen of 311 applications contained at least 1 unverifiable citation. The total unverifiable rate was 4.8% (15 of 311) for publications and 11% (9 of 85) for presentations. These rates were lower than previously published within the same medical subspecialty. Conclusions After requiring proof of publication and presentation citations within applications to primary care sports medicine fellowship programs, unverifiable citations persisted but were less than previously reported.
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Almansoori, K. A. y M. Clark. "Increasing Trends in Orthopedic Fellowships Are Not due to Inadequate Residency Training". Education Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/191470.
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Orthopedic residents have one of the highest fellowship participation rates among medical specialities and there are growing concerns that inadequate residency training may be contributing to this trend. Therefore, a mixed-exploratory research survey was distributed to all 148 graduating Canadian orthopedic residents to investigate their perceptions and attitudes for pursuing fellowships. A response rate of 33% (n=49) was obtained with the majority of residents undertaking one (27%) or two (60%) fellowships. Surgical-skill development was reported as the most common motivating factor, followed by employment and marketability; malpractice protection and financial reasons were the least relevant. The overwhelming majority of residents (94%,n=46) felt adequately prepared by their residency training for independent general practice, and 84% (n=41) of respondents did not feel that current fellowship trends were due to poor residency training. Three common themes were expressed in their comments: the growing perceived expectation by healthcare professionals and employers to be fellowship-certified, the integration of fellowship training into the surgical education hierarchy, and the failure of residency training curriculums to accommodate for this trend. In conclusion, Canadian orthopedic residents are confident of their residency training and are increasingly pursuing fellowships to primarily develop their surgical skills and expertise.
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Andrews, J. Matthew, Mohamed Abdolell y Richard W. Norman. "Canadian urology resident scholarly performance". Canadian Urological Association Journal 7, n.º 5-6 (12 de junio de 2013): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1348.
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Introduction: Scholarly research is a key component of Canadian urology residency. Through comparison of scholarly performance of urology residents before residency with that achieved during residency, we aimed to elicit predictive factors for completion of research activities.Methods: Electronic surveys were sent to 152 urology residents of 11 accredited Canadian programs. Survey questions pertained to post-graduate training year (PGY), formal education, scholarly activity completed before and after the start of residency, protected/dedicated research time, structured research curriculum and pursuit of fellowship training.Results: Surveys were completed by 42 residents from 10 programs. Only 26% of residents had a structured research curriculum, 38% a dedicated research rotation and 43% protected research time. We found that 45% of residents published at least 1 manuscript so far during residency (mean 1.14 ± 0.32), and 43% submitted at least 1 manuscript (mean 0.86 ± 0.25). During residency, 62% of residents completed ≥1 formal research presentation (median number 1.5; range: 0-≥10). Only the level of PGY significantly affected the number of manuscripts published (p < 0.001) and number of formal research presentations (p < 0.001) completed during residency. In total, 86% of residents planning to pursue fellowship training had a mean number of publications and presentations during residency of 1.25 ± 0.37 and 2.25 ± 0.54, respectively.Interpretation: Level of PGY significantly affected quantitative scholarly activity, but the numbers and types of presentations performed prior to residency, completion of an honours or graduate degree and plans to pursue fellowship training did not.
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Pfeiffer-Taş, Şule y Nikolaus Schindel. "The Beçin Coin Hoard and Ottoman Monetary History in the Late 16th/Early 17th Century". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 56, n.º 4-5 (2013): 653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341336.
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Abstract It is generally accepted that debasement greatly contributed to the economic and consequently also social problems of the Ottoman Empire in the late 16th/early 17th century. The numismatic data derived from the Beçin coin hoard, closing under sultan Ahmed (1603-1617) greatly challenges this view. Metal analysis has shown that only the overall weights of the coins were reduced; the fineness of silver remained unchanged at least until the 1610s.
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Duvall, Adam, Scott Moerdler, David R. Freyer, Allison Grimes, Brandon M. Hayes-Lattin, Varun Monga, Pinki Kumari Prasad y Michael Roth. "Gaps in adolescent and young adult oncology education during medical and pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship training." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, n.º 16_suppl (1 de junio de 2022): 11026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.11026.
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11026 Background: There are limited data on the extent of adolescent and young adult (AYA) education in pediatric and medical oncology fellowship programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and content of AYA-focused training during pediatric and medical oncology fellowship and identify knowledge gaps for targeted educational curricular development. Methods: An anonymous, web-based survey for educators and trainees was developed, piloted and optimized by a study team comprising pediatric and adult oncologists. The survey contained questions on respondent demographics, AYA curriculum, provider comfort in managing specific AYA care domains, and priorities for future AYA educational content. In October 2021, email invitations containing the survey link were sent to program directors (PDs) and associate program directors (APDs) at 251 hematology/oncology fellowship programs (with 119 pediatric and 178 adult PDs/APDs) identified through the American Medical Association’s Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access. PDs were asked to participate and also distribute the survey to current fellows. The survey remained open for 3 months. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess for associations between discrete variables including amount of current education vs level of importance and demographic groups. Results: Respondents represented 69 programs (27%). There were 130 respondents who completed curriculum and demographic questions and 112 who completed detailed topic questions. Respondents comprised 51 PDs/APDs (32 pediatric and 19 adult) and 58 fellows (33 pediatric and 25 adult). 85% of PDs (44/51) do not have a formal AYA curriculum. Of these, 80% (35/44) offer some topic-specific lectures, while 20% (9/44) provide little/no education in any topics. For nearly all topics, at least 45% of respondents reported little/no education. Although onco-fertility and survivorship are the most frequently taught topics, 36% and 42% of respondents, respectively, reported little/no education in these areas. Substance abuse is least commonly taught. Both PDs and fellows believe that AYA topics are more important for inclusion in future curricula despite how infrequently they are currently taught (very/extremely important for inclusion vs moderate/great deal of current amount of education, p = 0.0001 for all topics). Overall, respondents indicated the most important topics for inclusion in fellowship curriculum were onco-fertility (82%), survivorship (78%), and communication (77%). Conclusions: These data highlight the large gap in hematology/oncology fellowship education in AYA topics and a paucity of formal educational curricula. Efforts are needed to provide both medical and pediatric oncology fellows with the knowledge and skills required to provide optimal care for AYAs.
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Martin, Emily Jean y Joshua Adam Jones. "Palliative radiotherapy education in hospice and palliative medicine fellowship: A national needs assessment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, n.º 34_suppl (1 de diciembre de 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.87.
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87 Background: Educational deficiencies among hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) physicians are thought to contribute to sub-optimal utilization of palliative radiotherapy (PRT) for patients with advanced cancer. We conducted a national survey of HPM fellowship program directors and fellows to assess the need for increased PRT education in HPM fellowship. Methods: A 17-item, anonymous, electronic survey was distributed via email in May 2018 to the directors of all US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited HPM fellowship programs with at least one enrolled fellow. A similar 19-item survey was emailed to the coordinators of these programs for distribution to enrolled fellows. Three reminder emails were sent over a one-month period. Results: Eighty-one (68%) of 120 eligible program directors and 114 (34%) of 338 eligible fellows completed the surveys. Nearly all respondents (98% of program directors and 99% of fellows) agreed that HPM physicians should be familiar with the principles of PRT and 95% of both groups agreed that this topic should be taught in HPM fellowship. Thirty percent of programs, however, lacked any PRT curriculum and 57% of programs provided only 1 or 2 hours of didactic PRT education. The minority of fellows felt confident in their ability to identify radiation oncology emergencies (43%) or to manage symptoms associated with radiotherapy toxicities (42%) and only 56% felt confident in their ability to assess which patients should be referred to radiation oncology for possible PRT. Notably, the majority of fellows reported that if they were more knowledgeable about PRT they would be more likely to consider referral to radiation oncology (78%), to collaborate with the radiation oncologists involved in their patients’ care (76%), and to advocate for shorter fractionation schedules or possible omission of radiation therapy altogether based on a patient’s prognosis or goals of care (78%). Conclusions: HPM fellowship program directors and fellows agree that that there is a need for increased education in PRT in HPM fellowship. Curricular interventions that address this need may result in more appropriate utilization of PRT.
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Steffensmeier, Timothy, Julia Fabris McBride y Peter Dove. "Developing citizen leadership in Myanmar: the DeBoer fellowship". International Journal of Public Leadership 12, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2016): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-12-2015-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of the DeBoer fellowship, a citizen leadership development program in Myanmar. The challenge in Myanmar of catalyzing transformative change facing government and civil society cannot be overstated. Autocratic, centralized, and a traits-based approach to leadership has been, until recently, the primary way to assess leaders in Myanmar. In this dynamic civic context, new ways of leading and learning are needed. Design/methodology/approach Interviews of DeBoer fellowship alumni were analyzed using a single case study method. The project focuses on individual participants of the program as the primary unit of analysis. In addition, direct observation and contributions from DeBoer fellowship administration and faculty were used to describe this case study. Findings The DeBoer fellows understood their challenge as one of energize others, a concept of adaptive leadership. Moreover, individuals experienced deep degrees of transformational development. Civic agency was the least noticable concept that was studied. Research limitations/implications Future research could more explicitly measure and examine the degree to which civic agency is being nurtured in leadership development programs. Practical implications Civic leadership curriculum designers should be more conscious of adult development theory when choosing programming objectives and activities. Social implications Leadership development initatives in more authoritative systems can be effective developmental experiences for participants who are motivated to improve their organizations and communities. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze a citizen leadership program in Myanmar.
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Lee, Michelle V., Janine T. Katzen, Rend Al-Khalili, Sadia Choudhery, Gary Whitman y Rachel Brem. "Breast Imaging Fellowship Match: Applicants’ Perspectives of Years Two and Three". Journal of Breast Imaging 2, n.º 5 (15 de agosto de 2020): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa065.
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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to summarize the results of a survey distributed by the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) to assess applicants’ experience with the 2018 and 2019 Breast Imaging Fellowship Match process. Methods In this institutional review board–exempt study, the SBI issued an anonymous survey to all matched applicants in an attempt to gauge their experience with the 2018 and 2019 Match process. Results The survey was sent to all 2018 and 2019 matched applicants and 105/236 (45%) responses were received. The majority (75%, 79/105) of respondents reported a positive experience with the Match, with at least a 4/5 rating, and only 3% (5/105) reported a rating below 3/5. There was some improvement in 2019, with 86% (24/28) of respondents reporting at least a 4/5 rating compared to 71% (55/77) in 2018. No respondent reported a score below a 3/5 rating in 2019. The most commonly cited issues with the Match were the timing of the Match process, the need for a universal application, and the burden of travel. Location and program reputation were the two most important factors contributing to the final rank order of programs. Conclusion The great majority of applicants felt that the Match created a positive experience. Planned areas of improvement include the implementation of a universal application, the transition to virtual interviews, and a condensed timeline. These measures are likely to increase applicant satisfaction and provide a fair and efficient experience for future breast radiologists.
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Yang, Jae y Charles K. Chan. "Are There Jobs in Academic Pulmonary Medicine in Canada? A Resident’s View of the Future". Canadian Respiratory Journal 2, n.º 4 (1995): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/567629.
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A survey of all Canadian academic institutions with an adult pulmonary training program was undertaken in 1992 to investigate the number of positions in pulmonary medicine that would be available up to 1997. The positions were divided into clinician scientist (75% research) and clinician teacher (75% clinical) categories. Inquiry into specific areas of interests and prerequisite training requirements were made. Ten of 14 centres responded; 35 to 44 positions were identified, 22 to 27 for clinician scientists with at least two to four years’ research training after completion of a clinical pulmonary fellowship. For the remaining 13 to 17 clinician teacher positions, the requirement was for two to three years of additional clinical training beyond the clinical pulmonary fellowship. Some centres did not specify whether available positions were in the clinician scientist or in the clinician teacher group. The results of the survey suggest that there are jobs available in academic pulmonary medicine but that they are mainly in the basic research area, requiring at least an MSc, and preferably a PhD or equivalent research training. A questionnaire is included in an attempt to obtain information about other opportunities in both academic and community hospitals.
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Ring, Kari L., Pedro T. Ramirez, Lesley B. Conrad, William Burke, R. Wendel Naumann, Mark F. Munsell y Michael Frumovitz. "Make New Friends But Keep the Old: Minimally Invasive Surgery Training in Gynecologic Oncology Fellowship Programs". International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 25, n.º 6 (julio de 2015): 1115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000466.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in gynecologic oncology fellowship training and fellows’ predictions of their use of MIS in their future practice.MethodsAll fellows-in-training in American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology–approved training programs were surveyed in 2012 through an online or mailed-paper survey. Data were analyzed and compared to results of a similar 2007 survey.ResultsOf 172 fellows, 69 (40%) responded. Ninety-nine percent of respondents (n = 68) indicated that MIS was either very important or important in gynecologic oncology, a proportion essentially unchanged from 2007 (100%). Compared to 2007, greater proportions of fellows considered laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and node dissection for cervical cancer (87% vs 54%; P < 0.0001) and trachelectomy and staging for cervical cancer (83% vs 32%; P < 0.0001) appropriate for MIS. Of the respondents, 92% believed that maximum or some emphasis should be placed on robotic-assisted surgery and 89% on traditional laparoscopy during fellowship training. Ten percent rated their fellowship training in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery as very poor; 44% said that the question was not applicable. Most respondents (60%) in 2012 performed at least 11 procedures per month, whereas most respondents (45%) in 2007 performed 6 to 10 procedures per month (P = 0.005). All respondents at institutions where robotic surgery was used were allowed to operate at the robotic console, and 63% of respondents reported that in robotic-assisted surgery cases when a fellow sat at the robot, the fellow performed more than 50% of the case at the console.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that MIS in gynecologic oncology is here to stay. Fellowship programs should develop a systematic approach to training in MIS and in individual MIS platforms as they become more prevalent. Fellowship programs should also develop and apply an objective assessment of minimum proficiency in MIS to ensure that programs are adequately preparing trainees.
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Savage, Tim. "Challenging HEA Fellowship: Why should technicians in creative arts HE be drawn into teaching?" Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education 18, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2019): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/adch_00007_1.
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The UK Higher Education sector is subject to continual scrutiny and measurement, not least via the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). For Government, teaching qualifications are synonymous with teaching excellence. Within the Creative Arts, however, this has always been problematic. The percentage of academics with teaching qualifications remains among the lowest in the sector, and technicians frequently deliver practice-based teaching. As technical teaching expands in both volume and sophistication, arts technicians are increasingly seeking recognition through the Higher Education Academy's Fellowship programme. This article reports on a small-scale study undertaken at a leading UK Creative Arts University that aimed to illuminate the experiences of four technicians gaining Fellowship. Insights suggest that these individuals were motivated to work across academic and technical camps. In doing so, they expanded their practice and networks, although they also experienced hierarchical paradoxes with management and colleagues.
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Li, Wenbo V. y Vladislav V. Vysotsky. "Probabilities of Competing Binomial Random Variables". Journal of Applied Probability 49, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1346955330.
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Suppose that both you and your friend toss an unfair coin n times, for which the probability of heads is equal to α. What is the probability that you obtain at least d more heads than your friend if you make r additional tosses? We obtain asymptotic and monotonicity/convexity properties for this competing probability as a function of n, and demonstrate surprising phase transition phenomenon as the parameters d, r, and α vary. Our main tools are integral representations based on Fourier analysis.
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Ohri, Linda K., Kelly T. Pincus y Helen T. Brantley. "US and Canadian Pharmacy Residencies and Fellowships: 1995". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, n.º 10 (octubre de 1995): 1028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502901014.
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Objective: To report statistical information about pharmacy postgraduate experiential training programs in the US and Canada. Data Source: RESFILE-95 database. Measurements: A questionnaire is mailed annually to the contact listed for each residency or fellowship in the RESFILE database. The data for this report were entered into the database between June and December 1994. The information obtained on the survey includes (1) program type and accreditation status, (2) primary focus of the program, (3) number of positions, (4) stipend, and (5) availability to BS graduates. Results: Six hundred sixty-eight programs are listed in the RESFILE database, including 540 residencies (70% accredited and 30% nonaccredited) and 128 fellowships. Fifty programs are located in Canada. There are a total of 1070 positions available, with a mean of 1.6 positions per program. Pharmacy practice residencies constitute 55% of accredited residencies in the US. General hospital residencies account for 88% of Canadian programs. Primary/ambulatory care residencies are the most common specialty focus. Infectious disease is the most common fellowship focus. The mean stipend for all programs is $24 837. Overall, at least 90% of the responding programs offer specified benefits. Forty-eight percent of the residency programs are available to BS graduates; most fellowships are not. Having completed a previous generalist residency is frequently preferred but often is not required to perform a specialty residency or fellowship. Conclusions: The statistical data in this report will be useful to those assessing the role of postgraduate experiential training, institutions in the process of developing a residency or fellowship, and those considering application to enter such programs.
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Caricasole, A., A. Bakker, A. Copani, F. Nicoletti, G. Gaviraghi y G. C. Terstappen. "Two Sides of the Same Coin: Wnt Signaling in Neurodegeneration and Neuro-Oncology". Bioscience Reports 25, n.º 5-6 (12 de octubre de 2005): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2893-6.
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Wnts function through the activation of at least three intracellular signal transduction pathways, of which the canonical β-catenin mediated pathway is the best understood. Aberrant canonical Wnt signaling has been involved in both neurodegeneration and cancer. An impairment of Wnt signals appears to be associated with aspects of neurodegenerative pathologies while overactivation of Wnt signaling is a common theme in several types of human tumors. Therefore, although therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating Wnt signaling in neurodegenerative and hyperproliferative diseases might impinge on the same molecular mechanisms, different pharmacological outcomes are required. Here we review recent developments on the understanding of the role of Wnt signaling in Alzheimer's disease and CNS tumors, and identify possible avenues for therapeutic intervention within a complex and multi-faceted signaling pathway.
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ETHIER, S. N. y JIYEON LEE. "PARRONDO GAMES WITH SPATIAL DEPENDENCE". Fluctuation and Noise Letters 11, n.º 02 (junio de 2012): 1250004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477512500046.
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Toral introduced so-called cooperative Parrondo games, in which there are N ≥ 3 players arranged in a circle. At each turn one player is randomly chosen to play. He plays either game A or game B. Game A results in a win or loss of one unit based on the toss of a fair coin. Game B results in a win or loss of one unit based on the toss of a biased coin, with the amount of the bias depending on whether none, one, or two of the player's two nearest neighbors have won their most recent games. Game A is fair, so the games are said to exhibit the Parrondo effect if game B is losing or fair and the random mixture (1/2)(A + B) is winning. With the parameter space being the unit cube, we investigate the region in which the Parrondo effect appears. Explicit formulas can be found if 3 ≤ N ≤ 6 and exact computations can be carried out if 7 ≤ N ≤ 19, at least. We provide numerical evidence suggesting that the Parrondo region has nonzero volume in the limit as N → ∞.
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Stephens, Dale. "BLURRING THE LINES: THE INTERPRETATION, DISCOURSE AND APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT". Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 12 (diciembre de 2009): 85–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138913590900004x.
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AbstractDespite the high density and sheer volume of the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), there is considerable indeterminacy within its structure. Understanding the interpretive space generated through the rules/standards dichotomy as well as through the policy/law interface resident within this indeterminacy permits greater appreciation of how LOAC is used to advance strategic goals. The purpose of this article is to examine various interpretive approaches to LOAC and to reveal the significance of such approaches to questions of both legal validity and broader considerations of legitimacy. Positivism remains the dominant interpretive idiom, but it contains vulnerabilities in its assumptions, not least is the wide malleability of language. In the current operating environment, within the counter-insurgency (COIN) context in particular, it is becoming evident that standard canons of LOAC interpretation may not be sufficient to achieve the desired military and political goals sought. Indeed recent COIN guidance concerning interpretation of LOAC reflects an approach reminiscent of the US legal realist style of the early to mid 20th century. This results in a more overt demand for greater social and political appreciation of the use of law to modulate violence.
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Wiatrek, Rebecca Lynn, Wendy Lee, Curtis Jackson Wray, Gagandeep Singh, John H. Yim, Steven L. Chen, Julio Garcia-Aguilar y Joseph Kim. "The influence of surgical oncology fellowship programs in training hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, n.º 4_suppl (1 de febrero de 2012): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.358.
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358 Background: It is unclear how the physician shortage in the US will affect cancer care for our aging population and specifically how it will affect the care of hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) malignancies. Our objective was to assess the clinical practices of recent surgical oncology fellowship graduates to determine their contribution in caring for this patient population. Methods: Practice data was gathered for surgeons who completed Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO)-approved surgical oncology fellowship programs between 2003-2008. Types of practice were defined as: (1) University Hospital or NCI-designated Cancer Center (NCICC); (2) University-affiliated hospital with resident training; (3) Private/community hospital with residency training program; (4) Private practice; (5) Military; and (6) International. Results: Of 253 surgeons who matched into SSO approved programs during our study period, 10 did not complete training, 11 entered military positions, and 17 are practicing internationally. Of the remaining 215 surgeons, 75% (n=161) obtained teaching positions and 25% (n=54) entered private practice. Of those in teaching positions, the majority were at University Hospitals/NCICC (n=133); followed by University-affiliated hospitals (n=16) and private/community hospitals with resident training (n=12). Overall, the practice focus was most commonly general surgical oncology (60%, n=130) followed by primary HPB (20%, n=43), breast/endocrine or melanoma/sarcoma (17%, n=36), and breast alone (3%, n=6). Conclusions: Our investigation shows that the majority of trainees from surgical oncology fellowship training programs obtain teaching positions with at least a portion of their practice covering HPB malignancies. Thus, recent surgical oncology fellowship graduates are positively contributing to the workforce treating HPB malignancies.
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Clemency, Brian, Christian Martin-Gill, Nicole Rall, Dipesh Patel y Jeffery Myers. "US Emergency Medical Services Fellows". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, n.º 3 (18 de abril de 2018): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000249.
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AbstractIntroductionThe 2015-2016 academic year was the fourth year since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME; Chicago, Illinois USA) accredited Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowships, and the first year an in-training examination was given. Soon, ACGME-accredited fellowship education will be the sole path to EMS board certification when the practice pathway closes after 2019. This project aimed to describe the current class of EMS fellows at ACGME-accredited programs and their current educational opportunities to better understand current and future needs in EMS fellowship education.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of EMS fellows in ACGME-accredited programs in conjunction with the first EMS In-Training Examination (EMSITE) between April and June 2016. Fellows completed a 14-question survey composed of multiple-choice and free-response questions. Basic frequency statistics were performed on their responses.ResultsFifty fellows from 35 ACGME-accredited programs completed the survey. The response rate was 100%. Forty-eight (96%) fellows reported previous training in emergency medicine. Twenty (40%) were undergoing fellowship training at the same institution as their prior residency training. Twenty-five (50%) fellows performed direct patient care aboard a helicopter during their fellowship. Thirty-three (66%) fellows had a dedicated physician response vehicle for fellows. All fellows reported using the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP; Overland Park, Kansas USA) textbooks as their primary reference. Fellows felt most prepared for the Clinical Aspects questions and least prepared for Quality Management and Research questions on the board exam.ConclusionThese data provide insight into the characteristics of EMS fellows in ACGME-accredited programs.ClemencyB, Martin-GillC, RallN, PatelD, MyersJ. US Emergency Medical Services fellows. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):339–341.
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Nielsen, D. G. y M. J. Dunlap. "Control of First Generation Crawlers of a Pine Needle Scale on Scotch Pine, Licking County, Ohio, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1988): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.385.
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Abstract Scotch pine (1.5-2 m tall) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating efficacy of insecticides against crawlers (5% settled first-stage nymphs). Heavily infested trees were sprayed 30 Apr using a KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle on aperature setting 3 for 30 s to deliver 600 ml of finished spray to each of 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Conditions were sunny, 24°C, with 8-16 km/h winds. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 10 May by collecting infested needles from at least 3 locations on each tree. Needles were placed in coin envelopes and transported in a cooler to the laboratory, where viability of the first 100 crawlers observed under a dissecting microscope was determined. Counts were made from at least 3 needle fascicles.
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Nowlin, Christopher J. "The Rule Against Admitting Exculpatory Statements of Accused Persons: A Shiny Coin That has Lost its Currency". New Criminal Law Review 13, n.º 3 (2010): 515–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2010.13.3.515.
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As a general rule, accused persons on trial in Anglo––North American criminal legal systems are not allowed to introduce into evidence exculpatory statements they have made out of court. There is no coherent rationale for this rule, which is difficult to defend as a matter of principle and pragmatism. Yet this "anomalous" rule1 remains alive and well, at least in the U.S.A. and Canada, and invariably becomes the focus of pretrial or midtrial argument in those cases where such statements have been made. When an accused person fails to convince a trial judge to hear or receive evidence that he or she made exculpatory statements out of court, trial fairness is typically jeopardized. This article contends that at least three overarching principles of criminal justice——the inclusionary principle of evidence, trial fairness, and the presumption of innocence——require the rule itself to be abandoned. It should also be rejected as a matter of practicality.
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Shamrock, Alan G., Christopher N. Carender, Annunziato Amendola, Natalie Glass y Kyle R. Duchman. "Utilization of Arthroscopy During Ankle Fracture Fixation among Early Career Surgeons: An Evaluation of the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery Part II Database". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, n.º 1 (enero de 2022): 2473011421S0044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00446.
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Category: Ankle; Arthroscopy; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Rotational ankle fractures are common injuries associated with high rates of intra-articular injury. Traditional ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) techniques provide limited capacity for evaluation of intra- articular pathology. Ankle arthroscopy represents a minimally invasive technique to directly visualize the articular cartilage and syndesmosis while aiding with reduction and allowing joint debridement, loose body removal, and treatment of chondral injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in concomitant ankle arthroscopy during ankle fracture ORIF surgery amongst early-career orthopaedic surgeons while examining the influence of subspecialty fellowship training on utilization. Methods: The American Board of Orthopedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II database was queried to identify all candidates performing at least one ankle fracture ORIF (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 27766, 27769. 27784, 27792, 27814, 27822, 27823, 27829, 27846, 27848) from examination years 2010 to 2019. All ORIF cases were examined to identify those that carried a concomitant CPT code for ankle arthroscopy (CPT codes 29891, 29892, 29894, 29895, 29897, 29898, 29899). Concomitant ankle arthroscopy cases were categorized by candidates self-reported fellowship training status and examination year. Descriptive statistics were performed to report relevant data and linear regression analyses were utilized to assess temporal trends in concomitant ankle arthroscopy with ORIF for ankle fractures. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: There were 36,113 cases of ankle fracture ORIF performed of which 388 cases (1.1%) were performed with concomitant ankle arthroscopy. Ankle fracture ORIF was most frequently performed by trauma fellowship trained Part II candidates (n=8,888; 24.6%), followed by sports medicine (n=7,493; 20.8%) and foot and ankle (n=6,563; 18.2%). Arthroscopy was most frequently utilized by foot and ankle fellowship trained surgeon (293/ 6,270 cases; 4.5%) followed by sports medicine (29/7,464 cases; 0.4%) and trauma (4/8,884 cases; 0.1%). With respect to total arthroscopic cases, 75.5% were performed by foot and ankle fellowship trained surgeons while only 1.0% was performed by trauma trained candidates. Ankle arthroscopy utilization significantly increased from 3.65 cases per 1,000 ankle fractures in 2010 to 13.91 cases per 1,000 ankle fractures in 2019 (p=0.010). Specifically, foot and ankle fellowship trained surgeons demonstrated a significant increase in arthroscopy utilization during ankle fracture ORIF over time (p<0.001; OR: 1.101; CI: 1.054-1.151). Conclusion: Ankle arthroscopy utilization during ankle fracture ORIF has increased ten-fold over the past decade. Foot and ankle fellowship trained surgeons contribute most significantly to this trend.
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Berenbeim, Gabriel, Megan Ellis, Kaitlyn Finneran, Isaac Metzler, Drew Lewis y Chunfa Jie. "Professional Impact of the DMU Predoctoral OMM Fellowship". AAO Journal 32, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2022): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.18.
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Abstract Context: Predoctoral Osteopathic Manual Medicine Fellowships (pOMMFs) are an additional year of medical training that frequently involve direct patient care, educating medical students, and research. Research has supported that a pOMMF can increase student satisfaction with, and understanding of, Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM) curriculum at their respective medical institution. In the interest of identifying programs that improve OMM utilization in practice and promote osteopathic leaders in medicine, pOMMFs might play a significant role. Overall, there is little known research on pOMMFs. Objective(s): To investigate the impact of the Des Moines University (DMU) pOMMF on the medical and professional careers of its graduates. Methods: A 26-question survey to be completed online was sent to 88 graduates of the DMU pOMMF who represented graduating classes from 1979 to 2020. The survey contained a combination of Likert scale, yes-no, and free text questions. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit, and simultaneous 95% confidence intervals. Free text was qualitatively analyzed for recurrent themes. Results: Out of 61 respondents, 90.2% of participants reported that the pOMMF significantly improved their ability to teach medical students and residents, along with 77.1% of participants teaching residents/attendings OMM during residency. Of those eligible, 79.2% of alumni held at least one of the following leadership positions: chief resident, clinical preceptor, department chair, medical director. Most participants (83.6%) report providing OMT to their patients, along with 80.7% of respondents attributing the fellowship to significantly improving their ability to incorporate OMT into their medical practice. Conclusion: The study supports that the DMU pOMMF may create positive downstream effects in the medical careers of its graduates by providing abundant teaching opportunities, encouraging leadership roles, and promoting the utilization of OMT within residency and future practice. Graduates drew from the DMU pOMMF experiences to promote their medical and professional careers. Limitations include potential selection bias and inability to establish causal effect without a control population of non-pOMMF graduates from DMU or other institutions. Further research could corroborate these findings by investigating other pOMMFs and compare responses to non-pOMMF osteopathic medicine graduates.
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Entracte, A. M. "Rose-Tinted Glasses". After Dinner Conversation 2, n.º 11 (2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc2021211100.
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What do we lose when we leave childhood and become adults? Is this a good thing? Can we, at least for a moment, turn back time and see the world again as a child? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Becca and Adam are members of the Fairytale Fellowship, a group of children who can still see the magic in the world and protect the world from wrong-doing magical creatures. Becca and Adam find special glasses that allow anyone, even adults, to see the invisible magical creatures around them. They rush to get the glasses to the Fellowship, but are stopped by a Faun who steals the glasses and forces them to play a game to win the glasses back. They win the game, but valuable time has passed. Becca and Adam have aged out and experienced "The Shift" all children experience into adulthood that makes them unable to see magical things. Their worst fear has happened, they have grown up.
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Knudsen, Annette Hjort. "Korsets gåde – en undersøgelse af offerbegrebets filosofiske og teologiske implikationer". Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 83, n.º 3-4 (12 de mayo de 2021): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v83i3-4.125880.
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According to Asle Eikrem’s book “God as Sacrificial love”, the concept of the Christian God as a God of love is not coherent with the claim that Jesus was sacrificed on the cross for the redemption of human sins. Eikrem’s conclusion builds on a conceptual framework that describes the crucifixion as a self-sacrifice. His argument makes Jesus co-responsible, thus sanctioning the violent action. This way, evil becomes instrumental which is inconsistent with the notion of God as love. It is the intention of this article to show that (at least) one alternative conceptual framework makes it possible to maintain the view that the crucifixion was necessary for Jesus’ redemptive mission. The crucifixion is thus not inconsistent with, but rather a consequence of the conception of God as love. For Jesus to realize God’s incarnational intention of establishing a living fellowship with humanity is for him to realize a fellowship of experienced damnation followed by a truly redemptive resurrection.