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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Flamant (Firm)"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Willems, Gertjan. "Le Bien contre le Mal contre Claus." Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, no. 16 (April 7, 2016): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/emulations.016.010.

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Cet article analyse le film Le Lion des Flandres (Hugo Claus, 1984), en se basant sur une analyse de textes et sur l’exploitation d’archives. Il se concentre sur les relations complexes que ce film entretient avec la question nationale belge et flamande. Cette coproduction flamande et néerlandaise (également adaptée en série télévisée en 1985) est une adaptation du roman historique romantique du même nom d'Hendrik Conscience, publié en 1838, une œuvre marquante dans l'histoire culturelle et symbolique du Mouvement flamand. Malgré diverses difficultés liées au caractère nationalise flamand de l

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2

Lin, Shaorun, Peiyi Sun, and Xinyan Huang. "Can peat soil support a flaming wildfire?" International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 8 (2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19018.

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Smouldering wildfire in peatlands is one of the largest and longest-lasting fire phenomena on Earth, but whether peat can support a flaming fire like other surface fuels is still unclear. Our experiments demonstrate the successful piloted flaming ignition of peat soil with moisture up to 100 wt-% under external radiation, indicating that flames may rapidly spread on peatland before transitioning to a conventional smouldering peat fire. Compared with smouldering ignition, flaming ignition of peat is more difficult, requiring a higher minimum heat flux and tripling the ignition energy. The prope

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3

Gowlett, J. A. J. "Flaming fronts of fire." Nature 350, no. 6318 (1991): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350539a0.

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4

Nadeem, Muhammad, Naqqash Dilshad, Norah Saleh Alghamdi, et al. "Visual Intelligence in Smart Cities: A Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Fire Detection in an IoT Environment." Smart Cities 6, no. 5 (2023): 2245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6050103.

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The recognition of fire at its early stages and stopping it from causing socioeconomic and environmental disasters remains a demanding task. Despite the availability of convincing networks, there is a need to develop a lightweight network for resource-constraint devices rather than real-time fire detection in smart city contexts. To overcome this shortcoming, we presented a novel efficient lightweight network called FlameNet for fire detection in a smart city environment. Our proposed network works via two main steps: first, it detects the fire using the FlameNet; then, an alert is initiated a

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5

Huang, Yang Cheng, and Zhao Yi He. "Study on Properties and Pavement Performance of Anti-Flaming and Warm-Mix SBS Modified Asphalt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.367.

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In order to solve problems such as environmental contamination, large resource consuming, and the inflammability of present asphalt mixture, a warm-mix agent was chosen and fire retardant was added to asphalt to modify its characteristics. The anti-flaming and warm-mix asphalt has been produced in the orthogonal experiment, and its road property and anti-flaming property lived up to expectation. The experiment shows that under the condition of a lower temperature (15-20°C lower than the the mix temperature), the rutting resistance of the anti-flaming and warm-mix SBS modified asphalt , but its

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6

Aleshkov, M. V., V. P. Molchanov, S. A. Makarov, et al. "Using air-filled foam to contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas spills." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 31, no. 5 (2022): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.05.67-82.

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Introduction. Using air-filled foam to contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas spills is one of the most optimal methods of preventing the escalation of emergencies. However, the amount of data available today is insufficient to standardize the basic parameters of air-filled foam injection.The purpose of this research project is to justify the application of air-filled foam to contain and liquidate the flaming combustion of liquefied natural gas and identify the basic parameters of injection. The following objectives are to be attained towards this end: assessment

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7

Schiks, T. J., and B. M. Wotton. "Assessing the probability of sustained flaming in masticated fuel beds." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 1 (2015): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0294.

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Mechanical mastication is increasingly used as a fuel management treatment to reduce fire risk at the wildland–urban interface, although ignition and fire behaviour in these novel fuel beds are poorly understood. We investigated the influence of observed fuel moisture content, wind speed, and firebrand size on the probability of sustained flaming of masticated fuel beds under both laboratory and field settings. Logistic regression techniques were applied to assess the probability of sustained flaming in both datasets. Models for the field were also developed using estimated moisture from three

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8

Huda, Quamrul, David Lyder, Marty Collins, et al. "Study of Fuel-Smoke Dynamics in a Prescribed Fire of Boreal Black Spruce Forest through Field-Deployable Micro Sensor Systems." Fire 3, no. 3 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3030030.

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Understanding the combustion dynamics of fuels, and the generation and propagation of smoke in a wildland fire, can inform short-range and long-range pollutant transport models, and help address and mitigate air quality concerns in communities. Smoldering smoke can cause health issues in nearby valley bottoms, and can create hazardous road conditions due to low-visibility. We studied near-field smoke dynamics in a prescribed fire of 3.4 hectares of land in a boreal black spruce forest in central Alberta. Smoke generated from the fire was monitored through a network of five field-deployable mic

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9

Li, Gang, Fang Qu, Zhi Wang, Xuhai Xiong, and Yanying Xu. "Experimental Study of Thermal and Fire Reaction Properties of Glass Fiber/Bismaleimide Composites for Aeronautic Application." Polymers 15, no. 10 (2023): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102275.

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Thermal behavior and fire reaction properties of aerial glass fiber (GF)/bismaleimide (BMI) composites were tested using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetric coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index, and smoke density chamber. The results showed that the pyrolysis process was one stage in a nitrogen atmosphere with the prominent volatile components of CO2, H2O, CH4, NOx, and SO2. The release of heat and smoke increased with the increase in heat flux, while the time required to reach hazardous conditions decreased. Th

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10

Aleshkov, Mikhail V., Viktor P. Molchanov, Sergey A. Makarov, Dmitry A. Ioshchenko, Rashid B. Bituev, and Aleksey V. Tretyakov. "Determining critical foam layer thickness for localization and elimination of liquefied natural gas spills flame combustion." Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination 3 (2023): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.3.5-14.

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PURPOSE. Increasing attention has been paid recently to applying high-expansion foam as means of localizing and eliminating liquefied natural gas spills flaming combustion. Scientific sources widely discuss the issues of foam expansion rate and elasticity, critical intensity of its supply and application rate. However, critical foam layer thickness is underestimated. At the same time one of the reasons for fire-fighting foam low efficiency is precisely the difficulty in providing required foam layer thickness. The purpose of this publication is to assess relationship between critical foam laye

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11

Beverly, Jennifer L., and B. Mike Wotton. "Modelling the probability of sustained flaming: predictive value of fire weather index components compared with observations of site weather and fuel moisture conditions." International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, no. 2 (2007): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06072.

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We investigated the likelihood that short-duration sustained flaming would develop in forest ground fuels that had direct contact with a small and short-lived flame source. Data from 1027 small-scale experimental test fires conducted in field trials at six sites in British Columbia and the North-West Territories between 1958 and 1961 were used to develop logistic regression models for ten fuel categories that represent unique combinations of forest cover, ground fuel type, and in some cases, season. Separate models were developed using two subsets of independent variables: (1) weather variable

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12

Ittzes Abrams, Zsuzsanna. "Flaming in CMC: Prometheus' Fire or Inferno's?" CALICO Journal 20, no. 2 (2013): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v20i2.245-260.

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13

He, Zhao Yi, Yang Cheng Huang, and Gang Huang. "Study on Properties and Pavement Performance of Anti-Flaming and Warm-Mix Asphalt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.803.

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In order to solve the problems of environmental contamination, large resource consuming and inflammability of asphalt mixture, this research chooses warm-mix agent and fire retardant to double modify the asphalt. After obtain the method to produce the anti-flaming and warm-mix asphalt through orthogonal experiment, its road property and anti-flaming property are valued. According to the experiment result, under the condition of cooling down 30°C of the mix temperature, the modified anti-flaming and warm-mix asphalt can increase the high temperature property of the asphalt mixture, but decrease

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14

Mišić, Nikola, and Milan Protić. "Evaluating fire effluents during combustion of wood boards." Safety Engineering 10, no. 2 (2020): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/se2002085m.

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Effluents generated during the flaming as well as non-flaming burning of materials may be regarded as the main cause of death and injuries from fires. The structure of fire gases highly depends on the physical condition and chemistry of fuel as well as burning conditions. During the combustion of organic materials, complex mixtures of fire gases may be created. This paper investigates fire effluent yields during the well-ventilated burning tests of lumber products - board samples from two common wood species: oak and fir. Experiments were performed in custom-designed laboratory installation hy

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15

Karpovič, Zbignev, Ritoldas Šukys, and Rimvydas Gudelis. "TOXICITY RESEARCH OF SMOULDERING AND FLAMING PINE TIMBER TREATED WITH FIRE RETARDANT SOLUTIONS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 4 (2012): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.709195.

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The emission of toxic gaseous combustion products from timber constructions influences on the time required for evacuation of people from a building during a fire. In order to prolong the time interval until inflammation of timber constructions, fire retardant solutions are used. It is relevant and very important to determine how the emission of toxic gaseous combustion products from pine timber non-treated and treated with fire retardant solutions used in Lithuania differs during thermal destruction. Measuring carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, the paper focuses on toxicity analysis determined b

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16

Palamba, P., A. S. Werdhani, and J. J. Numberi. "Smoldering behavior of peat fire." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1192, no. 1 (2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1192/1/012039.

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Abstract This research is conducted to study the effect of airflow rate on the smoldering combustion dynamics and transition to flaming. The test is done using three types of peat extracted from South Sumatera, Central Kalimantan, and Papua Provinces, Indonesia. The combustion is carried out on natural, 1.33 cm/s, 3.98 cm/s, and 6.63 cm/s of airflow, respectively, representing the oxidation with lack and excess of air as calculated by stoichiometric equilibrium. For Central Kalimantan and Papuan Peat, the smoldering spread rate tends to increase with increasing the air supply. While in South S

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17

Fuller, Chase A., Steve Tammes, Philip Kaaret, et al. "NightHawk: A Low-Cost, Nighttime Light Wildfire Observation Platform and Its Radiometric Calibration." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072049.

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We present a low-cost prototype of a visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) remote sensing platform, optimized to detect and characterize natural flaming fire fronts from airborne nighttime light (NTL) observations, and its radiometric calibration. It uses commercially available CMOS sensor cameras and filters with roughly 100 nm bandwidths to effectively discriminate burning biomass from other sources of NTL, a critical ability for wildfire monitoring near populated areas. Our filter choice takes advantage of the strong potassium line emission near 770 nm present in natural flaming. The calibrat

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18

Babrauskas, Vytenis. "Effective heat of combustion for flaming combustion of conifers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 3 (2006): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-253.

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The heat of combustion of burning trees is often used in forest-fire hazard modeling to relate mass-loss results to the heat produced; therefore reliable values are needed. Experimental results for the effective heat of combustion of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees are presented as a function of moisture content. It is also shown that during a forest fire, the effective heat of combustion does not correspond to the oxygen-bomb-test value. Instead, the value will always be lower, since the heat of combustion of char is higher than that of the pyrolysate vapors, and char

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19

Krix, Daniel W., and Brad R. Murray. "A Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest." Forests 13, no. 2 (2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020152.

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The differential flammability of individual plant species in landscape-scale fire behaviour is an important consideration, but one that is often overlooked. This is in part due to a relative dearth in the availability of plant flammability data. Here, we present a highly accurate predictive model of the likelihood of plant leaves entering flaming combustion as a function of leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf area (LA) and radiant heat flux using species of fire-prone dry sclerophyll forests of south-eastern Australia. We validated the performance of the model on two separate datasets, and on plant

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20

Mercer, GN, and RO Weber. "Plumes Above Line Fires in a Cross-Wind." International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, no. 4 (1994): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940201.

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A model for the plume above a line fire in a cross wind is constructed. This problem is shown to reduce to numerically solving a system of 6 coupled ordinary differential equations for given initial conditions that depend upon the fire characteristics. The model is valid above the flaming zone and takes inputs such as the width, velocity and temperature of the plume at a given height above the flaming zone, Different horizontal ambient wind velocities are allowed for and a comparison is made between some of these representative wind profiles. The plume trajectory, width, velocity and temperatu

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21

Ahmed, Mohamed Mohsen, Arnaud Trouvé, Jason Forthofer, and Mark Finney. "Simulations of flaming combustion and flaming-to-smoldering transition in wildland fire spread at flame scale." Combustion and Flame 262 (April 2024): 113370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113370.

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22

Liu, Yongqiang, Adam Kochanski, Kirk R. Baker, et al. "Fire behaviour and smoke modelling: model improvement and measurement needs for next-generation smoke research and forecasting systems." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 8 (2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18204.

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There is an urgent need for next-generation smoke research and forecasting (SRF) systems to meet the challenges of the growing air quality, health and safety concerns associated with wildland fire emissions. This review paper presents simulations and experiments of hypothetical prescribed burns with a suite of selected fire behaviour and smoke models and identifies major issues for model improvement and the most critical observational needs. The results are used to understand the new and improved capability required for the next-generation SRF systems and to support the design of the Fire and

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23

Hagen, Bjarne C., and Anita K. Meyer. "From smoldering to flaming fire: Different modes of transition." Fire Safety Journal 121 (May 2021): 103292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103292.

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24

Tu, Ran, Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, and Yong-Ming Zhang. "Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of smoke detectors in compartments." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 4 (2018): 180188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180188.

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The effect of altitude on typical combustible burning and related smoke detector response signals was investigated by comparison experiments at altitudes of 40 m and 3650 m based on EN54 standard tests. Point-type light scattering photoelectric smoke detectors and ionization smoke detectors were used for four kinds of EN54 fire tests, including two kinds of smouldering fires with wood (test fire no. 2 in EN54 standard or TF2) and cotton (TF3), and two kinds of flaming fires with polyurethane (TF4) and n -heptane (TF5). First, the influence of altitude or ambient pressure on mass loss for smoul

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25

Lu, Chang, Die Meng, and Ming Gao Yu. "Study on Material Parameters Effects on Smoldering and Transition from Smoldering to Flaming Combustion." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.571.

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The polyurethane foam is a most common fuel in smoldering fire. A small scale experimental compartment was built. The width, thickness and density of polyurethane foam material were changed several times in the experiments. Temperature histories measurement and analysis gaseous were used to explore the transition’s mechanism. The results show that with the width increased, the surface area and the air flow rate which access to the inside of material have also increased, and the quantity of oxygen is sufficient, heat release quantity by carbon oxidation is increased. When the width reaches a ce

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26

Fan, Wenping, Wenjiao Zai, and Wenyan Li. "A Digital Twin Approach to Forest Fire Re-Ignition: Mechanisms, Prediction, and Suppression Visualization." Forests 16, no. 3 (2025): 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16030519.

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Statistics indicate that over 90% of large forest fires experience re-ignition after initial extinction. However, research on the mechanisms triggering forest fire rekindling remains largely empirical, lacking an intuitive 3D mathematical model to elucidate the process. To fill this gap, this study proposes a digital twin-based forest fire re-ignition trigger model to investigate the transition from smoldering to flaming combustion. Leveraging digital twin technology, a virtual forest environment was constructed to assess the influence of ambient wind conditions and terrain slope on the smolde

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27

Benrashid, R., G. L. Nelson, and Donald J. Ferm. "Effect of Zinc and Zinc Borate on Fire Properties of Modified Polyphenylene Oxide." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 3 (1993): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100302.

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Modified polyphenylene oxide resin (m-PPO) (virgin) and m-PPO flame retarded with triaryl phosphate (FR m-PPO) were blended with zinc borate, zinc, and zinc/zinc borate. Both virgin and FR m-PPO containing zinc borate showed a marked reduction in smoke production (flaming and non- flaming-NBS Smoke Chamber). In FR m-PPO a reduction in oxygen index values was seen for zinc borate, except at the highest level tested (50 PHR). Zinc, on the other hand, showed an increase in oxygen index for FR m-PPO. Given the potential for both condensed and vapor phase activity for triaryl phosphate in m-PPO, th

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28

Porowski, Rafał, Robert Kowalik, Piotr Ramiączek, et al. "Application Assessment of Electrical Cables during Smoldering and Flaming Combustion." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 3766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063766.

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Electrical cables are a potential source of ignition and fire hazards in various types of buildings and industrial installations, as well as in all modes of transportation, including aircraft. Fires in buildings pose the greatest threat to human life and health. The composition of thermal degradation products depends mainly on the type of combustible materials and the type of combustion process—flaming or smoldering. The purpose of this paper was to determine, based on experimental studies, the effects of flaming and smoldering combustion on the response times of fire smoke detectors. In addit

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29

Burrows, N. D. "Flame residence times and rates of weight loss of eucalypt forest fuel particles." International Journal of Wildland Fire 10, no. 2 (2001): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf01005.

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Shape, size, composition and arrangement of fuel particles within a fuel array significantly affect the way in which wildland fires behave. Australian eucalypt forest fire behaviour models characterise fine fuels according to the quantity burnt in the flaming zone, and the upper size limit for fine fuel particles is somewhat arbitrarily set at 6 mm for the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter and 10 mm for the Forest Fire Behaviour Tables for Western Australia. Flame residence time and rate of weight loss during combustion of dry eucalypt leaves and different dimensions of round wood were measure

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30

Owsley-Brown, Farrer, Martin J. Wooster, Mark J. Grosvenor, and Yanan Liu. "Can the remote sensing of combustion phase improve estimates of landscape fire smoke emission rate and composition?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 20 (2024): 6247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6247-2024.

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Abstract. The proportion of flaming and smouldering (or smoldering) activity occurring in landscape fires varies with fuel type and fuel characteristics, which themselves are influenced by ecology, meteorology, time since the last fire, etc. The proportion of these combustion phases greatly influences the rate of fuel consumption and smoke emission, along with the chemical composition of the smoke, which influences the effects on the atmosphere. Earth observation (EO) has long been suggested as a way to remotely map combustion phase, and here we provide the first known attempt at evaluating wh

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31

Babrauskas, Vytenis. "Flammability of Upholstered Furniture with Flaming Sources." Cellular Polymers 8, no. 3 (1989): 198–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938900800303.

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A number of countries and localities have either recently adopted furniture flammability regulations, or are actively considering them. In addition, a number of furniture flammability test methods have been developed in recent years in the course of research. Some of the methods share certain similarities; but, even so, many different testing philosophies exist. It is the purpose of this paper to compare the more widely used of the methods and to examine their advantages and limitations. The impact of some recent research results on test method design is also considered. The methods are discus

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Sibulkin, Merwin, and Sant S. Tewari. "Measurements of flaming combustion of pure and fire-retarded cellulose." Combustion and Flame 59, no. 1 (1985): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(85)90055-0.

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Bezzaponnaya, Oksana, Pavel Glukhikh, and Sergey Makarkin. "RESEARCH OF THE FEATURES OF THERMAL-OXIDATIVE DESTRUCTION OF ELASTIC POLYURETHANE FOAM FOR SOLVING DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS OF FIRE-TECHNICAL EXPERTISE." Problems of risk management in the technosphere 2024, no. 4 (2024): 155–63. https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2025-2024-4-155-163.

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The method of synchronous thermal analysis was used to study the fire hazardous properties of elastic polyurethane foam at heating rates of 5 °C/min, 10 °C/min and 20 °C/min. A two-stage mode of thermal-oxidative destruction in the temperature range of 25–700 °C was established, including the stage of smoldering and the stage of flaming combustion. The intensity of heat release during the process of flaming combustion of elastic polyurethane foam is 5–6 times higher than the intensity of heat release as a result of smoldering. The values of the ignition temperature for the smoldering combustio

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34

Kaaret, Philip, Steve Tammes, Jun Wang, et al. "On the Potential of Flaming Hotspot Detection at Night via Multiband Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (2022): 5019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14195019.

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The severity of wildfires is increasing and has driven increases in nighttime fire activity. Enhanced capability to detect the active burning regions of wildfires at night could significantly improve the effectiveness of wildfire management operations. Potassium line emission in the NIR near 770 nm is a signature of active burning. We test the use of multi-band imaging from an aircraft at night to distinguish a wood-burning fire from artificial light sources. We find that a simple ratio of the signals in two broad bands, one including 770 nm, effectively discriminates the fire from artificial

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35

Fisher, Daniel, Martin J. Wooster, Weidong Xu, Gareth Thomas, and Puji Lestari. "Top-Down Estimation of Particulate Matter Emissions from Extreme Tropical Peatland Fires Using Geostationary Satellite Fire Radiative Power Observations." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247075.

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Extreme fires in the peatlands of South East (SE) Asia are arguably the world’s greatest biomass burning events, resulting in some of the worst ambient air pollution ever recorded (PM10 > 3000 µg·m−3). The worst of these fires coincide with El Niño related droughts, and include huge areas of smouldering combustion that can persist for months. However, areas of flaming surface vegetation combustion atop peat are also seen, and we show that the largest of these latter fires appear to be the most radiant and intensely smoke-emitting areas of combustion present in such extreme fire episodes. Fi

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36

Viegas, Domingos Xavier, and Luís Mário Ribeiro. "IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research and 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit: introduction to special issue (Part 1)." International Journal of Wildland Fire 32, no. 1 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf23003.

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The ninth International Conference on Forest Fire Research (ICFFR) was recently held in Coimbra, Portugal, bringing together scientists and fire managers from around world to advance and update knowledge in the area of fire management. The conference was held jointly with the International Association of Wildland Fire’s 17th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit (IWFSS). Here we introduce Part 1 of a special issue series arising from the 2022 ICFFR/IWFFS joint meeting. This issue of the International Journal of Wildland Fire contains eight papers covering a wide variety of topics including

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37

Choi, Su-Gil, Yoo-Jeong Choi, Yeong-Jae Nam, and Si-Kuk Kim. "Fire Detection Tendency through Combustion Products Generated during UL 268 Wood Flame Fire and Smoldering Fire Test." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 1 (2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.23b37311.

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This experiment analyzes the tendency of fire detection through combustion products generated during UL 268 wood flame fires and smoldering tests. Fire detection tendency was measured using a particle matter sencor (PMS), combustion gas analyzer (CGA), and gas analyzer (GA). The combustion products were matched and analyzed at 5 %/m (non-operation), 10 %/m, and 15 %/m of the smoke sensitivity measured by the smoke detector. In the case of wood flaming fire, PMS PM 10, CGA CO, SO2, GA HCHO, and TVOC, the trend was observed because of the continuous increase in the measured value according to th

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38

Padamsey, Kiam, Adelle Liebenberg, Ruth Wallace, and Jacques Oosthuizen. "Characterising the Chemical Composition of Bushfire Smoke and Implications for Firefighter Exposure in Western Australia." Fire 7, no. 11 (2024): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7110388.

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This study evaluates bushfire smoke as a workplace hazard for firefighters by characterising its chemical composition and potential health risks in Western Australia. Portable Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to measure airborne chemical concentrations at prescribed burns across five regions, including peat (acid sulphate) fire events. Samples were collected during both flaming and smouldering phases, as well as in perceived “clear” air resting zones. Results indicated that carbon monoxide (CO) was the dominant gas, reaching concentrations of 205 ppm at the fire front, f

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39

Johnston, D. C., M. R. Turetsky, B. W. Benscoter, and B. M. Wotton. "Fuel load, structure, and potential fire behaviour in black spruce bogs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 7 (2015): 888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0334.

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Boreal peatlands in Canada comprise a substantial store of soil organic carbon (peat), and this peat is vulnerable to extensive burning during periods of extended drying. Increased frequency of extreme weather events in boreal regions is expected with future climate change, and the conditions that would support sustained smouldering peat combustion within peatlands may be more common. Organic soils tend to burn by smouldering combustion, a very slow-moving process in fuels such as those found in peatlands. Thus the most extreme conditions for carbon loss to the atmosphere due to the burning of

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40

Putzeys, Olivier M., A. Carlos Fernandez-Pello, Guillermo Rein, and David L. Urban. "The piloted transition to flaming in smoldering fire retarded and non-fire retarded polyurethane foam." Fire and Materials 32, no. 8 (2008): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.981.

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41

Lingam, Revathy Amadera, and Norizah Aripin. "Comments on Fire! Classifying Flaming Comments on YouTube Videos in Malaysia." Jurnal Komunikasi, Malaysian Journal of Communication 33, no. 4 (2017): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2017-3304-07.

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42

Thonat, T., C. Crevoisier, N. A. Scott, A. Chédin, R. Armante, and L. Crépeau. "Signature of tropical fires in the diurnal cycle of tropospheric CO as seen from Metop-A/IASI." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 19 (2014): 26003–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-26003-2014.

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Abstract. Five years (July 2007–June 2012) of CO tropospheric columns derived from the IASI hyperspectral infrared sounder onboard Metop-A are used to study the impact of fires on the concentrations of CO in the mid-troposphere. Following Chédin et al. (2005, 2008), who showed the existence of a daily tropospheric excess of CO2 quantitatively related to fire emissions, we show that tropospheric CO also displays a diurnal signal with a seasonality that is in very good agreement with the seasonal evolution of fires given by GFED3.1 (Global Fire Emission Database) emissions and MODIS (Moderate Re

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43

Cohen, Jack D. "Relating flame radiation to home ignition using modeling and experimental crown fires." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 8 (2004): 1616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-049.

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Wildlandurban fire destruction depends on homes igniting and thus requires an examination of the ignition requirements. A physicaltheoretical model, based on severe case conditions and ideal heat transfer characteristics, estimated wood wall ignition occurrence from flame radiation heating and piloted ignition requirements. Crown fire experiments provided an opportunity for assessing model reliability. The crown fire experiments were specifically instrumented with wood wall sections and heat flux sensors to investigate direct flame heating leading to home ignition during wildland fires. The

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44

Claassen, Matthew, Bjoern Bingham, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Yan Wang, and Xiaoliang Wang. "Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Emissions—Part 1: Chemical Composition of Fine Particles (PM2.5)." Batteries 10, no. 9 (2024): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10090301.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) pose a safety risk due to their high specific energy density and toxic ingredients. Fire caused by LIB thermal runaway (TR) can be catastrophic within enclosed spaces where emission ventilation or occupant evacuation is challenging or impossible. The fine smoke particles (PM2.5) produced during a fire can deposit in deep parts of the lung and trigger various adverse health effects. This study characterizes the chemical composition of PM2.5 released from TR-driven combustion of cylindrical lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and pouch-style lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) LIB ce

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45

Almeida, Miguel, Domingos Xavier Viegas, Ana Isabel Miranda, and Valeria Reva. "Effect of particle orientation and of flow velocity on the combustibility of Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus globulus firebrand material." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 8 (2011): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09080.

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Spotting is a very important mechanism of forest fire spread. Its negative effect increases in extreme fire danger conditions. In order to predict the maximum spotting distance, the duration of the combustion reaction of potential firebrands should be evaluated. This paper reports the results of an experimental laboratory study of the combustibility of firebrand material (pine cones and scales and pieces of bark of eucalypt) of two representative species in Portugal, Pinus pinaster Ait. and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. The main purpose was to assess the role on the burning conditions of the fir

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46

Kremens, Robert L., and Matthew B. Dickinson. "Estimating radiated flux density from wildland fires using the raw output of limited bandpass detectors." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 4 (2015): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14036.

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We have simulated the radiant emission spectra from wildland fires such as would be observed at a scale encompassing the pre-frontal fuel bed, the flaming front and the zone of post-frontal combustion and cooling. For these simulations, we developed a ‘mixed-pixel’ model where the fire infrared spectrum is estimated as the linear superposition of spectra of many (n ~ 30) greybody emitters of randomly selected areal fraction, emissivity and temperature. Our model neglects contributions from atomic and molecular line emission from combustion gasses. The purpose of these simulations was to allow

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47

Dupuy, Jean-Luc, and Michel Larini. "Fire spread through a porous forest fuel bed: a radiative and convective model including fire-induced flow effects." International Journal of Wildland Fire 9, no. 3 (1999): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf00006.

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A simplified physical model for the steady-state propagation of an infinite fire front through a uniform forest fuel bed in still air is derived from a mechanistic approach that considers a forest fire as a compressible, reactive and radiative flow through a multiphase medium. This model, named the PIF97 model for shortness, includes the effects of the buoyancy induced gas flow on the preheating of the unburned fuel. Fuel is composed of one type of motionless particles uniformly distributed in a fuel bed of constant depth. The conservation equations used in the model are integrated over the fu

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48

Wang, Lian Tie, Da Wei Xia, Ao Gao, and Qing Shan Meng. "The Discussion of Iron Wire Fire Hazard." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1847.

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The safe current carrying capacity of iron wire is far less than copper wires. In the simulation experiments, use iron wire replace copper wire and use welding machine as electric equipment, even the flaming. Normal operating electric homework, the whole iron wire overheat and cause carbonization of insulation layer and even set on fire because of line’s overload, and lead to short circuit between wire. Extract fire material evidence, observe and analysis. Summed up the microstructure characteristics of the sample. Apparent characteristics of short circuit melting mark organization is:wire mat

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49

Chase, Carlene A., Rosalie L. Koenig, Jeffery E. Pack, and Clinton C. Warren. "PURPLE NUTSEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION." HortScience 41, no. 3 (2006): 505A—505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.505a.

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Weed management is a major constraint of organic vegetable production and perennial weeds such as purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are particularly difficult to control. A study was initiated in 2005 to determine how summer fallow techniques impact purple nutsedge population density, tuber number and tuber viability; and to evaluate the impact of the treatments on the yields of two fall crops differing in canopy size and rate of development. Clean fallow treatments accomplished with weekly tillage or weekly flaming were conducted for 12 weeks. Two sets of summer cover crop treatments of sunn

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50

Thonat, T., C. Crevoisier, N. A. Scott, A. Chédin, R. Armante, and L. Crépeau. "Signature of tropical fires in the diurnal cycle of tropospheric CO as seen from Metop-A/IASI." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 22 (2015): 13041–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13041-2015.

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Abstract. Five years (July 2007 to June 2012) of CO tropospheric columns derived from the hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on-board Metop-A are used to study the impact of fires on the concentrations of CO in the troposphere. Following Chédin et al. (2005, 2008), who found a quantitative relation between the daily tropospheric excess of CO2 and fire emissions, we show that tropospheric CO also displays a diurnal signal with a seasonality that agrees well with the seasonal evolution of fires given by Global Fire Emission Database version 3 (GFED3.1) and Global F

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