Bibliografías temáticas / Flattened surface

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Flattened surface"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 14 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Flattened surface"

Evans, Richard B. "The flattened surface parabolic equation". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, n.º 4 (octubre de 1998): 2167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423729.

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Hui, Chung-Yuen, Zezhou Liu, Nicolas Bain, Anand Jagota, Eric R. Dufresne, Robert W. Style, Ryuji Kiyama y Jian Ping Gong. "How surface stress transforms surface profiles and adhesion of rough elastic bodies". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, n.º 2243 (noviembre de 2020): 20200477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0477.

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The surface of soft solids carries a surface stress that tends to flatten surface profiles. For example, surface features on a soft solid, fabricated by moulding against a stiff-patterned substrate, tend to flatten upon removal from the mould. In this work, we derive a transfer function in an explicit form that, given any initial surface profile, shows how to compute the shape of the corresponding flattened profile. We provide analytical results for several applications including flattening of one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic structures, qualitative changes to the surface roughness spectrum, and how that strongly influences adhesion.

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Harada, Takeshi y Takuya Semba. "A Truing Technique of Flattening Diamond Grains for Fabricating Microstructures with Fine Surfaces". Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (septiembre de 2008): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.350.

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A truing technique that can be used to shape the tip of an electroformed diamond tool into a hemisphere and flatten diamond grains on the tool working surface at the same level as the bond face was developed. A polycrystalline diamond disk whose top surface roughened by electrical discharge machining was partially flattened by grinding was used as a truer. Diamond grains on the tool working surface were successfully flattened along the hemispherical tool profile when the grains mesh size of #1000 was employed. In addition, a grinding test using glasslike carbon as a work material revealed that a surface roughness of less than 50 nm Rz could be obtained in both cases when moving the tool on contour and scanning paths.

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Wandell, Brian A., Suelika Chial y Benjamin T. Backus. "Visualization and Measurement of the Cortical Surface". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2000): 739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900562561.

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Much of the human cortical surface is obscured from view by the complex pattern of folds, making the spatial relationship between different surface locations hard to interpret. Methods for viewing large portions of the brain's surface in a single flattened representation are described. The flattened representation preserves several key spatial relationships between regions on the cortical surface. The principles used in the implementations and evaluations of these implementations using artificial test surfaces are provided. Results of applying the methods to structural magnetic resonance measurements of the human brain are also shown. The implementation details are available in the source code, which is freely available on the Internet.

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Sun, Bo, Ji Qing Wang, Zheng Liu y Hua Chen. "Research of Surface Flattening Method Based on Triangle and Energy Model". Advanced Materials Research 411 (noviembre de 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.112.

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In order to acquire reasonable blank shape of sheet metals with complex surface, surface flattening method based on triangle and energy model is put forward. According to equal surface principle, the surface is divided into many triangles, which are flattened one after another. Meanwhile, the surface is regarded as energy model, which is used to alter original flattened discrete points. Finally, surface approximate flattening is completed with second development technology based on Pro/ENGINEER platform. In sheet metal manufacturing process, reasonable blank shape is generated quickly.

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Chen, Jun, She Wei Xin, Wei Zhou, Qian Li, Si Yuan Zhang, Lei Li, Hai Ying Yang y Ting Xun Wang. "Stress Analysis and Microstructure Evolution of Titanium Alloy Pipe during Flattening Processing". Materials Science Forum 944 (enero de 2019): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.1088.

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TA24 titanium alloy pipe with 638mm diameter and 19mm wall thickness is carried out continuous load flatten test, and the stress of internal and external pipe wall during flatten process is studied in this paper. The results show that the TA24 titanium alloy tube has good flattening performance, and the flattening process has experienced original stage, flattened oblate stage, flattened straight wall stage, flattened depressed stage, flattened concave contact stage. During the flattening process, the outer layer of the upper and lower wall of the tube is subjected to compressive stress, and the inner layer material is subjected to tensile stress. The tensile and compressive forces cause the vertical part of the upper and lower walls to be concave. The outer layer of the left and right circular arc parts is subjected to tensile stress and the inner layer is subjected to tensile stress. The compressive stress also causes the radius of the arc to decrease due to the combined force of the tensile and compressive forces, that is, the flattening occurs. With the decrease of and pressing distance under continuous loading condition, the metal on the left and right sides of the pipe gathers toward the middle depression, which aggravates the deformation of the upper and lower walls until the upper and lower walls contact, and the arc radius of the left and right walls decreases until the outer surface cracks. The pipe microstructure changes significantly into elongated deformation structure during the flattening process. The most severe part of the deformation is the left and right end arc of the pipe, followed by the upper and lower end depression.

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Ho, P. T. P., Y.-L. Peng, J. M. Torrelles, J. F. Gómez, L. F. Rodríguez y J. Cantó. "A Flattened Cloud Core in NGC 2024". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 140 (1994): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100019710.

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With the VLA in the D configuration we have mapped the (J,K) = (1,1) and (2,2) NH3 lines toward a molecular cloud core in NGC 2024. This region, which contains one of the most highly collimated molecular outflows (Richer et al. 1992), has been studied extensively using a variety of techniques, including dust continuum in the far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths (Mezger et al. 1988, 1992), and molecular lines (see Barnes & Crutcher 1992 and references therein). We find that the molecular condensations associated with FIR 5, 6, and 7 (Mezger et al. 1988, 1992) have kinetic temperatures TK ≃ 40 K. We also find a perturbation of the molecular gas near FIR 6 and FIR 7 in terms of broadening of the ammonia lines. These results suggest that these condensations may not be protostars heated by gravitational energy released during collapse, but that they have an internal heating source. A flattened structure of ammonia emission is found extending parallel to the unipolar CO outflow structure, but displaced systematically to the east. The location of the high velocity outflow along the surface of the NH3 structure suggests that a wind is sweeping material from the surface of this elongated cloud core. Figure 1 is an overlay of the VLA ammonia emission (dotted area) on top of the C18O emission (thick contours) and the CO outflow (thin contours).

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Zhao, Zi Yu, Bi Bo Xia, Su Zhi Zhang y Li Wang. "Simulation Analysis of Splat Deposition in Plasma Spray Forming". Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (julio de 2011): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.505.

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Splat deposition is an important part influencing coating quality in plasma spray forming. Flatten behavior of a single Ni droplet falling on a smooth substrate is evaluated by numerical simulation of ANSYS software, this paper meanwhile researches a single Ni particle deposition in the surface of flattened Al2O3 sheet and thin Al particles, the impact factors of particles flattening and the mechanism of the interaction between particles are also studied. The results have benefit to improving the coating porosity and bond strength between particles.

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Sigamani, Ashokkumar, Arunai Nambiraj, Girigesh Yadav, Ananda Giribabu, Karthikeyan Srinivasan, Venkadamanickam Gurusamy, Kothanda Raman, Kaviarasu Karunakaran y Rajesh Thiyagarajan. "Surface dose measurements and comparison of unflattened and flattened photon beams". Journal of Medical Physics 41, n.º 2 (2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.181648.

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Sun, Bo y Xiao Long Wang. "Unfolding Method of Non-Developable Surface for Sheet-Metal Design". Advanced Materials Research 1022 (agosto de 2014): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.60.

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The organized vertex coordination of the triangular surfaces is obtained by the meshing method in the 3D kernel based developing environment. To optimize the flattened form, the energy method is used to find the reasonable unfolding scheme, which seeks the solution to minimize the deforming energy generated when flattening the triangular surfaces. This algorithm is not the fastest one, but the versatile one especially for the non-developable surface with a large bending degree. With the unfolding method and the 3D kernel environment, the 3D unfolding system for the arbitrary surface satisfying the requirements is constructed.

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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Flattened surface"

Razím, Matyáš. "Vliv reliéfu Hrubého Jeseníku na vzdušné proudění". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411446.

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The thesis is concerned with a prominent phenomenon of the mountain areas - the anemo- orographic systems which occur as a consequence of the collaboration of prevailing winds and of the large windward valleys, the summit flattened surfaces and the leeward slopes. Their presence has a vast influence of numerous physical-geographical realms, mainly due to the highly uneven spatial snow cover distribution within these systems. The focus of the thesis lies on the highest elevations of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. which reach or exceed the alpine treeline. In this area, the anemo-orographic systems were already defined earlier but a thorough description and of their presence and activity has not been carried out so far, which is the main aim of the thesis. A detailed and spatially compact mapping and measurement of the flag or banner trees has been performed, as these, thanks to their deformed asymmetric shape, attest to the prevailing or mean wind direction as well as its velocity with a high accuracy. As a secondary and comparative data source the meteorological measurements from the summits of Praděd and Šerák Mounts and a modern and detailed wind model has been used. A verification measurement of snow cover depth at selected locations under presumed strong wind action was executed as well. The acquired...

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Flattened surface"

Zheng, Lei, Gang Pan y Zhaohui Wu. "3D Face Recognition Using Eigen-Spectrum on the Flattened Facial Surface". En Advances in Biometric Person Authentication, 250–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30548-4_29.

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Shimada, T. y Y. Tada. "Approximate Recovery and Redesign of a Curved Surface Based on a Flattened Form". En Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics, 223–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52439-4_22.

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Johnson, Clare. "Smooth Surfaces and Flattened Fantasies: Thoughts on Criticality in Sam Taylor-Johnson’s Soliloquy III". En Femininity, Time and Feminist Art, 115–31. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318091_7.

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Strukov, Vlad. "Symbolic Folds and Flattened Discourse: Andrei Zviagintsev’s Elena (2010)". En Contemporary Russian Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407649.003.0004.

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I demonstrate how subjectivities work to flatten such folds (as conceived in Deleuze’s work on Foucault and Leibniz) by examining Elena, the logic of which is underpinned by the notion of flatness. In his special attention to surfaces and patterns Zviagintsev elucidates a particular film philosophy which Zviagintsev’s cinematographer, Krichman, calls ‘visualisation’, or transference of meaning with the help of cinematic symbols. The symbolic modes instantiates a new plane of meaning, a surface on which meaning is inscribed, which, while alluding to the materiality of being, is elusive in its metaphysical construction. Cinematically, while the camera looks in both directions, it glides above these surfaces and in doing so creates meaning; it is in the gap between surfaces that the meaning is actualised. Krichman and Zviagintsev discuss non-representational strategies which they call ‘visualisation’. Zviagintsev compares film to a ‘magical mirror’ which enables a two-directional mode of operation: while viewers watch films, the films watch the viewers (Zviagintsev 2014). For him, film offers both knowledge and non-knowledge. The latter—a more powerful stance, according to the director—provides ‘freedom and emptiness’, that is, a temporal lack of signification, a void of meaning to be filled in the process of watching (2014).

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Robinson, Max, Keith Hunter, Michael Pemberton y Philip Sloan. "Diseases of the oral mucosa". En Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697786.003.0007.

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The oral mucosa lines the oral cavity and comprises a surface squamous epithelium with underlying lamina propria. Below the mucosa is the submucosa, which is composed of fibrous tissue and adipose tissue, and contains lobules of minor salivary glands and neurovascular bundles. In places, there is no submucosa and the lamina propria is continuous with periosteum, forming the resilient mucoperiosteum that covers the maxilla and mandible. The squamous epithelium is composed of keratinocytes arranged in layers: there is a basal cell layer that rests on the basement membrane, a prickle cell layer, and usually a keratinized layer. The keratinocytes are attached to each other by desmosomes and the basal keratinocytes are attached to the basement membrane by hemi- desmosomes. The basement membrane is important in maintaining the integrity of the mucosa by sticking the squamous epithelium to the underlying lamina propria. There are two patterns of keratinization: parakeratosis and orthokeratosis. In parakeratinized epithelium the surface keratinocytes become flattened and the nucleus becomes dark and shrunken (pyknotic). These terminally differentiated squamous cells are eventually lost at the surface by desquamation. In orthokeratinization, there is a granular cell layer (containing numerous keratohyaline granules) between the prickle cell layer and the keratinized layer. The surface squames become flattened and do not contain any discernible nuclear material. Whilst the majority of cells in squamous epithelium are keratinocytes, there are also accessory cells such as melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and neurosensory cells (Merkel cells and taste buds). The lamina propria is the connective tissue that lies immediately below the epithelium. It is divided into the superficial papillary layer (sometimes referred to as the corium) and the deeper reticular layer. The lamina propria is composed of fibrous tissue with a rich neurovascular supply and contains fibroblasts that elaborate collagen and elastin fibres along with other extracellular matrix proteins. The lamina propria also contains components of the mucosal immune defence system such as Langerhans cells, macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes. The clinical appearance of the oral mucosa is dependent on the thickness of the epithelium, the amount of surface keratinization, melanin (and other) pigmentation, and the vascularity of the lamina propria.

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Allison, Penelope M. "House I 10,18". En The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263127.003.0022.

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Giornale degli Scavi A,VI,6 (May 1912–Mar. 1929): 451–2 (12 Nov. 1926) A,VI,7 (Apr. 1929–Dec. 1935): 207–8 (25–6 July 1932); 216–17 (4–7 Aug. 1932); 219 (13 Aug. 1932); 220 (18 Aug. 1932); 221 (19 Aug. 1932). Elia 1934: 341–4. The excavation of this house began from the rear of House I 10,2–3, and the area of the latrine and kitchen. Later excavation proceeded from the upper storey in the front of the house. The recording was possibly less careful than in the larger houses in the insula which were considered more important. For example, Elia did not mention any of the finds from here. Since excavation, the house has been used as a workshop for the gardeners and labourers working on the site but was being restored in 2001. No recorded finds. Vases of various types. i. Preserved h.: c.1.2 m; diam.: c.240 mm; neck diam.: c.100 mm. Fabric: orange, relatively fine. Description: Amphora with a pointed base, cylindrical body, and marked shoulder. Strap handles attached to the shoulder and neck. Large rolled, and vertically flattened, rim. Present location: one left in situ, others unknown, possibly left in room 10. Not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: Arthur identifies the remaining amphora as an unprovenanced Italian wine amphora, of form Dressel 1B. He notes that the type was late Republican, the latest dated examples of which bear the consular date for 13 bc (CIL, xv. 4539 and 4575). He therefore notes that this amphora is of considerable interest as it survived in use for at least ninety years after its date of manufacture. Arthur suggests that its longevity, perhaps explained by its use as a container for an ageing vintage, adds a note of caution to the adoption of single artefacts for the dating of archaeological contexts. Dimensions: total l.: 331 mm; dimensions of case: 95 mm × 85 mm × 25 mm. Description: Rectangular iron lock-box and parallel iron bars. Box decorated on upper surface with iron bosses in the form of broad-brimmed hats (head diam.: 18 mm). Each corner boss is part of an attachment nail.

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Syed, Misha F. "Conjunctival Buttonholes". En Complications of Glaucoma Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195382365.003.0016.

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A conjunctival buttonhole is a defect in the conjunctival tissue that occurs during manipulation of the conjunctival flap where the underlying Tenon’s capsule may or may not remain intact. Buttonholes during glaucoma filtering surgery have been reported in 3% of fornix-based conjunctival flaps and approximately 1% of limbus-based conjunctival flaps. Recognition of conjunctival defects is important since infections can occur if the microbial surface flora get into the bleb, and hypotony can result from excessive egress of filtered aqueous. Furthermore, if the bleb flattens, fibrous adhesions may compromise filtration. A conjunctival buttonhole presents a unique challenge intraoperatively during trabeculectomy surgery because the usual surgical approach must be revised, and the repair strategy depends on the location of the buttonhole. Conjunctival buttonholes are well-documented potential intraoperative complications during glaucoma surgery. Sugar was among the first to report their occurrence in the 1960s, when he described a conjunctival hood procedure for repairing buttonholes in a fornix-based flap. A conjunctival flap was dissected from Tenon’s capsule after opening the conjunctiva at the limbal margin and then pulled down onto the peripheral cornea and sutured into place. Tincture of iodine was applied to the bleb surface, and the corneal margin was abraded. Grady and Forbes, among others, began reporting the use of tissue adhesive in the closure of ophthalmic surgical wounds. They suggested the novel use of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate glue because the temporary nature of the adhesive was particularly well suited to repairing conjunctival buttonholes: “Tissue adhesives serve to stop the continuous external flow of aqueous humor, thereby allowing the conjunctival wound to heal; after healing has occurred, the persistence of adhesive is no longer necessary or desirable.” These authors also mentioned other popular surgical repair options common at that time, including the rolling of a conjunctival flap over the buttonhole, suturing of the torn edge of conjunctiva into a corneal groove, or closing the buttonhole with a tissue patch of conjunctiva harvested from another area. Interestingly, many of these same options are used today. In the late 1970s, a new “atraumatic” needle emerged and was reported to improve treatment of intraoperative conjunctival buttonholes.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Flattened surface"

Guisheng Yin, Huaiyou Chen, Jing Zhang y Yonghseng Cai. "Model retrieval based on flattened-surface shape comparing in 3D object databases". En 2008 Asia Simulation Conference - 7th International Conference on System Simulation and Scientific Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asc-icsc.2008.4675372.

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Nayebi, A. y H. Rokhgireh. "A New Model to Describe Yield Surface Distortion Based on the Baltov and Sawczuk’s Model". En ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68952.

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In the present study Baltov and Sawczuk’s yield surface model is modified to represent compatible results with experimental observations. The proposed yield surface is determined during tension-torsion loading by considering kinematic hardening model and monotonic loading paths. The experimental results represent the nosed and flattened region in the loading and reverse loading direction respectively. The nosed region is dominant in tension than in torsion. The cross-effect is negligible in the small plastic strain amount. The Baltov and Sawczuk’s yield surface has nosed and flattened regions in both loading and reversed loading directions for negative and positive added material parameter respectively. Thus the elliptic Baltov and Sawczuk’s yield surface is modified by changing the sign of this parameter continuously from loading to reverse loading direction and the needed relations of the new model are obtained. The new model was able to predict properly the shape of yield surface. The experimental results compare well with the new model yield surface distortion predictions.

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Gan, M. C., S. T. Tan y K. W. Chan. "Generating and Flattening of Developable Surfaces". En ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0078.

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Abstract In this paper, methods for generating and flattening developable surfaces by means of two given directrix curves have been investigated. By finding the two end points of every generatrix, a developable surface may be formed. Such a developable surface may be flattened by rotating part of the surface about a generatrix. A new approach based on the principle of geodesic curve length preservation for flattening developable surfaces is also introduced. In this technique, an algorithm for evaluating the geodesic curvature of a point of a curve that lies on a surface is utilized.

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Choi, H. S., J. Y. Moon y C. H. Lee. "The Isothermal Oxidation Behaviors of APS NiCrAlY Bond Coatings". En ITSC 2000, editado por Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1273.

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Abstract The isothermal oxidation behaviors of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY bond coatings were evaluated. Two unique microstructures, characterized by oxide stringers and improperly flattened zones can be observed in the APS bond coatings. Structure and chemical composition of the oxide stringers were examined by TEM and EDS. Improperly flattened zones had a high density of open porosities. These features affected the oxidation behaviors at both transient and steady state stages. Under transient oxidation, NiO, Cr2O3, and α-Al2O3 were present together on the surface. Oxide stringers and improperly flattened zones had an especially high density of NiO and Cr2O3, which implied that these regions had inherently lower contents of Al. During steady state oxidation, continuous α-Al2O3 reduced the diffusion rate of oxygen and, in turn, the rate of isothermal oxidation. Over longer oxidation times, the depletion of Al led to the formation of NiAl2O4 and Cr2O3 layers along with hemispherical protrusions.

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Smith, M. F., R. C. Dykhuizen y R. A. Neiser. "Oxidation in HVOF-Sprayed Steel". En ITSC 1997, editado por C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0885.

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Abstract It is widely held that most of the oxidation in thermally sprayed coatings occurs on the surface of the droplet after it has flattened. The evidence in this paper suggests that, for the conditions studied here, oxidation of the top surface of flattened droplets is not the dominant oxidation mechanism. In this study, a mild steel wire (AISI 1025) was sprayed using a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) torch onto copper and aluminum substrates. Ion milling and Auger spectroscopy were used to examine the distribution of oxides within individual splats. Conventional metallographic analysis was also used to study oxide distributions within coatings that were sprayed under the same conditions. An analytical model for oxidation of the exposed surface of a splat is presented. Based on literature data, the model assumes that diffusion of iron through a solid FeO layer is the rate limiting factor in forming the oxide on the top surface of a splat. An FeO layer only a few thousandths of a micron thick is predicted to form on the splat surface as it cools. However, the experimental evidence shows that the oxide layers are typically 100x thicker than the predicted value. These thick, oxide layers are not always observed on the top surface of a splat. Indeed, in some instances the oxide layer is on the bottom, and the metal is on the top. The observed oxide distributions are more consistently explained if most of the oxide formed before the droplets impact the substrate.

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Wadwalkar, Saurabh S., Robert L. Jackson, Lewis Payton y Lior Kogut. "A Study of Plastic Deformation of Heavily Loaded Spherical Surfaces". En STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71286.

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There is a need to develop our understanding of fully plastic contact between spheres and a flat surfaces that results in the spheres heavily deforming and eventually flattening out. Most work conducted in this area has been for relatively lightly loaded spherical contacts that deform elastically and elasto-plastically. The case considered here is also the reverse case of a rigid spherical indenter penetrating a deformable surface. The work builds on past theoretical models that used volume conservation to consider plastic deformation. The results provide relationships which may be used to model large deformations of flattened or compressed spheres. The results also show that the area of contact can be much larger than the popular geometrical truncation model for fully plastic contact between spheres and flat surfaces.

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Hasan, Muhammad Noman, Morteza Vatani, Yanfeng Lu, Ho-Chan Kim y Jae-Won Choi. "Numerical Analysis of Droplet Impact, Deformation of a Droplet Train in Direct Print Technology". En ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64801.

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Numerical analysis for a two dimensional case of two–phase fluid flow has been performed to investigate droplet impact, deformation for a droplet train. The purpose of this investigation is to study the phenomenon of liquid droplet impact on a liquid film created by a flattened droplet and the consequent deformation of the film while merging and advancing of the moving front of the film, during the manufacturing processes with jetting technology such as a direct printing process and inkjet printing. This investigation focuses on the analysis of interface tracking and the change of shape for an impacted droplet of a dispensed material. Investigations have been made on the performance of an adaptive quadtree spatial discretization with geometrical Volume–Of–Fluid (VOF) interface representation, continuum–surface–force surface tension formulation and height-function curvature estimation for interface tracking during droplet impact deformation and coalescence of droplet and liquid film produced by flattened droplets to form a printed line. Gerris flow solver, an open source finite volume code, has been used for the numerical analysis which uses a quadtree based adaptive mesh refinement for 2D. The results have been compared with an experimental result from the literature. The investigation has been performed for Reynolds number, Re of 21.1; Weber number, We of 93.8, and contact angle, θ of 30°. For the experimental result considered, the frequency of jetting is 12 kHz.

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Lee, Sungho, S. S. Sadhal y Alexei Ye Rednikov. "An Analytical Model of External Streaming and Heat Transfer for a Levitated Flattened Liquid Drop". En ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32079.

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We present here the heat transfer and fluid flow analysis of an acoustically levitated flattened disk-shaped liquid drop. This work arises due to an interest in the non-contact measurement of the thermophysical properties of liquids. Such techniques have application to liquids in the undercooled state, i.e., the situation when a liquid stays in a fluidic state even when the temperature falls below the normal freezing point. This can happen when, for example, a liquid sample is held in a levitated state. Since such states are easily disrupted by measurement probes, non-contact methods are needed. We have employed a technique involving the use of acoustically levitated samples of the liquid. A thermal stimulus in the form of laser-heating causes thermocapillary motion with flow characteristics depending on the thermophysical properties of the liquid. In a gravity field, buoyancy is disruptive to this thermocapillary flow, masking it with the dominant natural convection. As one approach to minimizing the effects of buoyancy, the drop was flattened (by intense acoustic pressure) in the form of a horizontal disk, about 0.5 mm thick. As a result, with very little gravitational potential, with most of the buoyant flow suppressed, thermocapillary flow remained the dominant form of fluid motion within the drop. This flow field is visualizable and subsequent analysis for the inverse problem of the thermal property can be conducted. This calls for numerical calculations involving a heat transfer model for the flattened drop. With the presence of an acoustic field, the heat-transfer analysis requires information about the corresponding Biot number. In the presence of a high-frequency acoustic field, the steady streaming originates in a thin shear-wave layer, known as the Stokes layer, at a surface of the drop. The streaming develops into the main fluid, and is referred to as the outer streaming. Since the Stokes layer is asymptotically thin in comparison to the length scale of the problem, the outer streaming formally appears to be caused by an effective slip velocity at the boundary. The presence of the thin Stokes layer, and the slip condition at the interface, changes the character of the heat transfer mechanism which is inherently different from the traditional boundary layer. The current analysis consists of a detailed semi-analytical calculation of the flow field and the heat transfer characteristics of a levitated drop in the presence of an acoustic field.

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Roberts, Quentin D. y John D. Denton. "Loss Production in the Wake of a Simulated Subsonic Turbine Blade". En ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-421.

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The time-averaged flow in the wake of a model of a turbine blade was surveyed using a three-hole pressure probe; boundary layer traverses were also carried out using a flattened pilot probe. Loss coefficients were derived from the mass-weighted deficit in stagnation pressure. Results showing the progression of loss with streamwise distance along the surface and the wake of the model are presented. It was found that the loss generated in the wake comprised one-third of the profile loss when a well-developed vortex street was present in the wake. This proportion was reduced by increasing the thickness of the suction surface boundary layer, and by simulating the deviation that occurs in a real turbine blade. In both cases the strength of the vortex street was also shown to have been reduced.

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Walsh, William, Sandeep Abotula y Bharath Konda. "Ring Expansion Testing Innovations: Hydraulic Clamping and Strain Measurement Methods". En 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9407.

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Abstract Ring expansion testing is one of the three accepted methods in API 5L for the measurement of yield strength for line pipe. The other two are flattened-strap tensile testing and round-bar tensile testing. A novel-concept ring expansion test machine has recently been commissioned which uses hydraulic pressure to clamp the top and bottom pressure-reacting plates rather than a traditional bolting arrangement. The benefit of hydraulic clamping is vastly reduced set-up times. This paper describes the design approach and the pitfalls that were overcome in commissioning the ring expansion test unit. Expansion measurements are taken using two different methods: a chain extensometer and an LVDT with a band wrapping the circumference of the pipe. Both approaches are used simultaneously to generate and compare two stress-strain curves for one pressure test. In addition, a 3-Point contact approach is developed to determine the hoop strain during pipe expansion. The 3-point contact approach is an attempt to infer the full hoop expansion behavior by measuring the radius change over a segment of the circumference. The device has two rollers which contact the pipe surface while a dial indicator midway between measures the radius change. As the pipe expands, the rollers maintain contact with the pipe surface while the dial indicator records the change in radius. Tests are performed on HFI, SAWL, and SAWH pipes ranging in outer diameter from 20-inch (508 mm) to 48-inch (1219 mm) and wall thicknesses from 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) to 0.969-inch (24.4 mm). The differences in the stress-strain behavior of these pipe forms are described and related to the residual-stress profiles generated by their respective manufacturing operations. The comparison to flattened-strap and round-bar tensile results are presented in a companion paper. The results of the 3-Point contact approach show that the radius change during early stages of expansion are not uniform around the pipe circumference and different patterns are observed in the HFI, SAWL, and SAWH pipe forms.

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Informes sobre el tema "Flattened surface"

Kim, Inhwa, Yunja Nam y Sungmin Kim. Development of Classification Method of the Flattened Body Surface Figures for the Mass Customization of Men's Formal Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1897.

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