Tesis: "Flexibility in the labor market"

1

Tuipende, Deoden. "Unemployment and labour market (in)flexibility in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52597.

Texto completo

Resumen

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When South Africa re-entered the global arena, her immediate priority was to search for and affirm her position in the global economy. In this process, South Africa has witnessed massive job losses that compounded the already existing problem of unemployment. South Africa is considered to be one of the countries with the highest levels of unemployment - a fact that has raised a great deal of concern among Government, Business and Labour. This study project examines the functioning of South Africa's labour market with the intention of establishing whether or not it is linked to the problem of unemployment. The study draws labour-flexibility comparisons between the world's most flexible and deregulated labour market (USA) and Europe; and, relatively, tries to find South Africa's position. The study has revealed that there is a relationship between flexibility and employment - countries with flexible labour markets, ceteris paribus, also have high levels of ~- employment and vice versa. The study has also revealed that a culmination of high levels of illiteracy, trade union activities and the new labour laws has resulted into labour market rigidities which are partly responsible for the high rate of unemployment in South Africa. The study has also revealed that any effort by South Africa to adopt the US-style of labour market flexibility should be accompanied by some other policy checks to ensure maximum benefits. This is based on the finding that flexibility per se could have devastating effects for the economy. It is not only the labour market rigidities that are responsible for the current high rate of unemployment in South Africa. Factors like persistent and systematic decline in labour absorption capacity vis-a '-vis persistent and systematic increase in labour supply, decline in economic growth and globalisation claim a lion's share.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met Suid-Afrika se hertoetrede tot die internasionale arena was sy eerste prioriteit om sy plek in die wêreldekonomie te vind en te bevestig. Algaande het Suid-Afrika 'n grootskaalse verlies aan werkgeleenthede ervaar, wat die reeds bestaande probleem van werkloosheid vererger het. Vandag word Suid-Afrika beskou as een van die lande met die hoogste vlakke van werkloosheid - wat groot kommer by die regering, besigheid en arbeid wek. Hierdie werkstuk ondersoek die funksionering van Suid-Afrika se arbeidmark met die doel om vas te stel of dit met die probleem van werkloosheid verband hou al dan nie. Die studie maak vergelykings ten opsigte van arbeidsbuigsaamheid tussen die wêreld se mees buigsame en gedereguleerde arbeidsmark (VSA) en Europa, en poog om Suid-Afrika se relatiewe posisie te bepaal. Die studie toon dat daar 'n verband tussen buigsaamheid en werkverskaffing is - dat lande met buigsame arbeidsmark, ceteris paribus, ook hoë vlakke van werkverskaffing het, en omgekeerd. Die studie het ook bevind dat 'n hoë vlak van ongeletterdheid, vakbondaktiwiteite en die nuwe arbeidswette aanleiding gegee het tot arbeidsmarkonbuigsaamheid, wat gedeeltelik verantwoordelik is vir die hoë werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika. Die studie toon verder dat enige poging deur Suid-Afrika om die arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid van die VSA toe te pas, met ander beleidsmaatreëls gepaard moet gaan om maksimum voordele te verseker. Dit is gegrond op die bevinding dat buigsaamheid per se verreikende gevolge vir die ekonomie kan hê. Dit is nie net die onbuigsaamheid van die arbeidsmark wat vir die huidige hoë werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika verantwoordelik is nie. Faktore soos 'n volgehoue en stelselmatige afname in die kapasiteit om arbeid te absorbeer teenoor 'n volgehoue en stelselmatige toename in arbeidsaanbod, 'n afname in ekonomiese groei, en globalisering is vir 'n leeue-aandeel verantwoordelik.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Flanding, Jens. "European labour market flexibility reforms : a longitudinal study of change and continuity". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3394/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Debate about European labour market flexibility enhancing reforms and lack thereof has a tendency to be dominated by economics arguments. This thesis advances the debate by going beyond the economics arguments to ask the political science question: what explains the political ability (or inability) to enact flexibility enhancing reforms in European countries from the early 1980s to the global recession of 2008? Answering the question, this thesis argues that the ability to enact reforms is best explained by a combination of traditional political-economy pressures for reforms and political-electoral motivations of party leaders in government. The argument is supported by a longitudinal analysis of European and country specific reforms using mixed-methods – i.e. quantitative and qualitative research – and employment protection legislation (EPL) as a proxy for reforms, the latter being warranted because of EPLs political salience as a reform target prior to 2008. First, a quantitative cross-country reform-hazard analysis arrives at significant economic and political explanations for reforms, which include a country’s social model, unemployment rate and economic growth. Then, a qualitative analysis of the trajectory of EPL and functionally linked labour market reforms combines the quantitative results with a broader political understanding of reforms for Germany, the UK and Denmark as country cases where reforms were enacted, and France as a case where only limited or contradictory EPL reforms were put in place during the period covered by this thesis. The thesis adds robustness to the literature showing most pre-2008 global recession reforms were at the margin, targeting non-regular employment parts of European labour markets. However, overall, the thesis provides a political understanding of the European reform trajectory, suggesting that economic arguments rarely on their own stand up as determinants of reforms. The implications for future research are that the enactment of flexibility enhancing reforms should be treated more explicitly as the outcomes of political decisions and less as reactive steps to economic predictions or political economy pressures for reforms, even if the latter continues to play a role in bringing reforms onto the political agenda.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Ayhan, H. sinem. "A Multi-pronged Approach To Labor Market Flexibility: A Survey On The Turkish Context". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609513/index.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Turkish labor market has been experiencing low employment performance over the last two decades. This pessimistic picture has become more striking after the crisis in 2001. While output growth has presented a rapid recovery, unemployment could not record such an improvement and has remained around 10 % since then. This fact has introduced a new phenomenon to Turkey called &ldquo
jobless growth&rdquo
. As a solution to the bottlenecks in the labor market, the concept of &ldquo
flexibility&rdquo
has been more frequently pronounced by policy makers and academicians at both national and international level. In the light of flexibility-based arguments, this thesis takes an impulse from the basic assertion of the neoclassical theory that it is the labor market rigidities that are mainly responsible for high unemployment/low employment performance. Accordingly, the aim of the thesis is to analyze labor market flexibility with a particular focus on the Turkish context. The discussions conducted throughout the thesis are based on the question
whether Turkish labor market actually includes such considerable rigidities constituting impediment for employment creation, as suggested by neoclassical arguments. The thesis starts with a review of main characteristics of the labor market in terms of demographic trends, labor force participation, employment and unemployment. Secondly, labor market flexibility is analyzed through two main indicators: labor cost flexibility and production function flexibility
and these two indicators are divided into six sub indicators. The flexibility indicators covered by the thesis are investigated individually, without an aim of aggregating them into a single indicator. The research involves quantitative findings based on available data and a qualitative survey with reference to related legislation.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Mathekga, Mmanoko Jerry. "The political economy of labour market flexibility in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1532.

Texto completo

Resumen

Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The impact of globalisation can be found in every aspect of human life. Globalisation has also brought about changes in the world of work, such as the call for labour market flexibility, which has restructured the workplace. This study focuses on the implications of labour market flexibility for workers in South Africa and for trade unions, within the context of the introduction of a macroeconomic neoliberal policy in South Africa in 1996. The study examines the changing nature of employment and work in a company in the South African retail sector, namely Pick n Pay. Labour market flexibility comes about as companies try to compete and cut costs at the expense of workers. This implies a reduction of protection and benefits and has resulted in the creation of a ‘working poor’ labour segment. Trade unions have been ineffective in providing a voice and representation for the new working poor. This study argues that under conditions of economic globalisation, trade unions are disempowered and flexible labour market practices are introduced to cut costs in order to maintain market share and increase competitiveness. Economic globalisation has pressurised the South African government, and the African National Congress (ANC), to shift gradually to the right and to adopt a neoliberal macroeconomic policy. This has led to an increase in inequality, unemployment, new forms of insecure jobs and the creation of an informal economy. This study found that instead of creating jobs and alleviating poverty, the government’s Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR) has resulted in retrenchments, downsizing and restructuring. The unemployed, retrenched and working poor find themselves in the ‘second economy’. The retail sector in particular makes use of labour market flexibility in order to compete for market share. Pick n Pay is an example of a retail company that increasingly makes use of flexible labour market practices. This study found that labour market flexibility has created a situation that trade unions find difficult to deal with, and that labour market flexibility has been accompanied by increasing inequality, which overlaps with race and gender identities. Furthermore, Pick n Pay maintains flexible employment under conditions of increased productivity and contrary to labour legislation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Impak van globalisering kan in elke aspek van mense se lewens waargeneem word. Globalisering het verandering in die wêreld van werk teweeggebring, soos die aandrang op arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid wat tot die herstrukturering van die werkersmag gelei het. Hierdie studie fokus op die implikasie van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid vir werkers in Suid‐ Afrika, en die implikasie vir vakbonde in die konteks van die inwerkingstelling van ’n makroekonomiese neo‐liberale beleid in Suid‐Afrika in 1996. Verder ondersoek die studie die verandering in die aard van indiensneming en werk in ’n Suid‐Afrikaanse maatskappy in die kleinhandelsektor, naamlik Pick n Pay. Buigsaamheid in die arbeidsmag ontstaan wanneer besighede in ’n poging om kompeterend te wees, uitgawes ten koste van werkers besnoei. Dit bring die vermindering van beskerming en voordele mee, wat tot ’n arbeidsegment van ‘arm werkers’ lei. Vakbonde kon nie ’n stem en verteenwoordiging aan hierdie nuwe segment van arm werkers gee nie. Hierdie studie voer aan dat ekonomiese globalisering werkersunies magteloos laat terwyl buigsame arbeidsmarkpraktyke aangewend word om kostes te sny ten einde markaandeel en verhoogde kompetisie te verseker. Ekonomiese globalisasie plaas meer druk op die Suid‐Afrikaanse regering, die African National Congress (ANC), om ‘n verskuiwing na regs te maak en ’n neo‐liberale makroekonomiese beleid te volg. Dit het gelei tot verhoging in ongelykheid, werkloosheid, nuwe vorme van onsekere werksgeleenthede, en die skepping van ’n informele ekonomie. Die studie bevind dat die regering se Groei, Indiensnemings‐ en Herdistribusiebeleid (GEAR), wat veronderstel was om werk te skep en werkloosheid te verminder, eerder tot meer afdankings, afskaling en herstrukturering gelei het. Die werklose, afgedankte en armwerkerskorps bevind hulself nou in ’n ‘tweede ekonomie’. In die besonder maak die kleinhandelsektor gebruik van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid om vir ’n deel van die mark te kompeteer. Pick n Pay is ’n voorbeeld van ’n kleinhandelmaatskappy wat toenemend gebruik maak van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid ’n situasie geskep het wat vakbonde verlam het, en wat met ’n verhoging in ongelykheid wat verder met ras en geslagsidentiteite oorvleuel, gepaardgaan. daarby maak Pick n Pay gebruik van buigsaame indiensnemingspraktyke onder omstandighede van verhoogde produktiwiteit, in weerwil van arbeidswetgewing

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Jones, D. R. "Flexibility and adjustment : Redundancy and the labour market". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379719.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Monastiriotis, Vassilis. "Labour market flexibility and regional economic performance in the UK, 1979-1998". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/834/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Over the last two decades labour market flexibility has gained recognition as an important factor for good economic performance. Over the same period, the UK has followed a significant labour market deregulation programme, achieving probably the most flexible labour market in Europe. The main purpose of this study is to offer a concrete analysis of labour market flexibility and measure the impact that changes in flexibility in the UK have had on its regional economic performance. The thesis starts with a review of the forces that have created the conditions for enhanced labour market flexibility. This includes a discussion of the elements of flexibility, identifying its different forms, types, sources and targets. Through a systematic literature review the relationship between labour market flexibility and economic performance is examined. Some original international empirical evidence is also offered, based on a panel of data from the OECD. I then proceed to develop a technical economic model, examining the effects of labour standards deregulation on economic outcomes and inequalities in economic opportunities. This is followed by a theoretical discussion of regional dynamics in relation to labour market flexibility, where issues of spatial dependence are considered. In the main body of the empirical analysis, a large number of flexibility measures are developed and their evolution over time and across space is thoroughly discussed. Then, the economic effects of labour market flexibility are formally examined. The conclusion of this empirical analysis is that, on balance, labour market flexibility seems to have improved economic performance in the UK regions, although efficiency gains have coincided with larger inequalities in labour compensation and economic opportunities. The various elements of flexibility, however, are found to have variable, often opposing effects, suggesting that the issue of flexibility and improved economic performance is not purely quantitative, but mostly related to the specific combination of labour market arrangements which can lead to better or worse social and economic outcomes. It follows that this issue cannot be studied in isolation from its socio-economic environment, as the economic benefits of flexibility are not universal but rather place- and context-specific.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Jenkinson, T. J. "An econometric analysis of wage flexibility". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384792.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Basak, Zeynep. "Explaining Informalization Via Labor Market Segmentation Theory: Evidence From Turkey". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606551/index.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

The primary aim of the thesis is to explain informality with the help of labor market segmentation theory in the case of Turkey. In so doing, the informalization process in Turkey is discussed with reference to not only the definitional confusions in different conceptualizations of the informal sector in the literature, but also trade liberalization, privatization, subcontracting relationships and the notion of &ldquo
flexible firm&rdquo
, as well. In order to find an answer to the question of &ldquo
how the dimensions of informality fit into the perception about labor market segmentation theory&rdquo
, the field surveys conducted by different authors are analyzed. The findings of these field surveys confirm a possible explanation of informalization via labor market segmentation theory in Turkey.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Söderholm, Elsa y Erla Resare. "Does Work Organisation Impact Individuals’ Labour Market Position?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121539.

Texto completo

Resumen

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between work organisation and the labour market status of employees in Sweden, during the years 2008 to 2012. The main interest is to analyse the probability of staying employed or not, and staying employed after the general retirement age.To assess this relationship three different data sources are combined. Work organisation is approximated with the NU2012 survey, which was conducted by the Swedish Work Environment Authority. We use an empirical combination of the questions, and the work organisation is assumed constant throughout the years. Separate regressions are estimated for each possible labour market status. The regressions are estimated with cross section models and random effects panel data models.We find that there is a relationship between work organisation and employees’ labour market positions. Numerical flexibility is found to affect the work environment and the individuals’ labour market statuses negatively. Decentralisation’s and learning’s impact on the individuals’ labour market status is, however, incoherent with theories and previous research. These results are probably due to the reverse time causality of the study. Finally we propose that it is important to investigate this relationship further to be able to make policy changes.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Cruz, Villalón Jesús. "Job Market and Reforms of Labor Legislation in Spain". Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118838.

Texto completo

Resumen

The present article talks about the next relevant issues. In the first part of the article it refers to the impact the crisis economic had in Spain’s job market. In the second part it refers to a versus between structural and conjectural reforms. The third section sets out the issue concerning the pressures that cause wage devaluation. In the fourth section, the new rules of external flexibility are analyzed. Then, the sixth section examine the rules concerning internal flexibility. And finally, the seventh section discusses the absence of social dialogue and the new European governance.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Callaghan, George S. "Flexibility, mobility and the labour market : a case study investigation". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295054.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Baum-Talmor, Polina. "Careers and labour market flexibility in global industries : the case of seafarers". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/109438/.

Texto completo

Resumen

The flexibilisation of labour in the global labour market has been a bone of contention among scholars from different disciplines over the past four decades. On the one hand, such employment is seen as a detrimental practice to employees, who might lose their occupational identity as well as constantly experience job insecurity and uncertainty. On the other hand, flexible employment is perceived as the pillar of freedom, enabling individuals to fulfil their potential through increasing labour market opportunities. In an attempt to assess these competing views within the context of a global industry where flexible employment is commonplace, the shipping industry has been chosen as the basis of an investigation to answer the following research questions: 1. To what extent are flexible employment arrangements perceived as beneficial to employers?   2. What are the perceived implications of flexible employment arrangements for employees?   3. What is the relationship between the flexibility of employment and the occupational identities of seafarers?   To answer these research questions, qualitative research methods were used to speak to over 70 participants. The methods included mostly semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations conducted aboard a cargo ship. The findings of the thesis can be largely divided into three main aspects. First, the thesis sheds light on the complexities of flexible employment in the shipping industry (i.e. the perceived negative and positive implications of such employment) for employers and employees. Secondly, using the shipping industry as an example, the thesis challenges current widespread views about the benefits of flexible employment to employers. Thirdly, the thesis presents the idea of a ‘double occupational identity’ to describe the often-complex occupational identity of seafarers related to differences in perceived labour market power. Several strengths, limitations, and recommendations for policy and also for major stakeholders in the shipping industry are raised at the end of the thesis. Key words: Career; Employment; Flexible Labour; Global Labour Market; In-Depth Interviews; Job; Occupational Identity; Precarious Work; Qualitative Research Methods; Seafarers; Seafaring Career; Shipping; Work.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Stockhammer, Engelbert. "Explaining European unemployment. Testing the NAIRU theory and a Keynesian approach". Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/938/1/document.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

The aim of the paper is to contrast and test the NAIRU theory and the Keynesian theory of unemployment econometrically. For the former, wage push variables are key in explaining the rise of European unemployment, for the latter accumulation is. The theories are tested using time series data for Germany, France, Italy, the UK and the USA, using the seemingly unrelated regression method (SUR). Unemployment benefits, union density and the tax wedge were used as wage push variables, and the growth of business capital stock as the accumulation variable. The NAIRU specification performed poorly, with only the tax wedge having a positive effect on unemployment as predicted. The Keynesian approach was more successful, with accumulation being statistically significant in all countries. Moreover, the tax wedge and accumulation are fairly robust to changes in the specification and can be pooled across countries. (author's abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Watanabe, Hiroaki. "Politics of Labour Market Deregulation in Italy and Japan : Labour Market Flexibility and Worker Protection in an Era of Globalisation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508668.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Thompson, Jay Arthur. "Greater flexibility, greater growth : a comparative study of labor and capitalist models in Japan, Germany, and the United States". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002217.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Onaran, Özlem y Nursel Aydiner-Avsar. "The controversy over employment policy: Low labor costs and openness, or demand policy? A sectoral analysis for Turkey". Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1464/1/document.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of labor cost, openness, and demand side variables on employment for the case of Turkey using the panel data of private manufacturing industry at three digit level for 25 sectors for the period of 1973-2001. We use a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model, which allows for cross-sectoral heterogeneity. The estimation results show that higher growth is more effective in stimulating employment compared to lower labor costs. The reliance of Turkey and many developing countries on labor market flexibility and openness as the unique tools of employment policy reflects a pro-capital incomes policy bias rather than a necessity. The results confirm the Keynesian emphasis on demand-side policies to fight against unemployment.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Lad, Richard. "Analýza úspěšnosti reforem trhu práce v Německu i v kontextu hospodářské krize". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73735.

Texto completo

Resumen

The thesis is focused on a problem of a high unemployment that is connected with unefficient and uneffective employment policy. The aim of this thesis is to review the possibility of the usage of several types of reforms with highly activating elements on the employment policy in a strong social focused state. First, reforms focused on high quality job programmes made by the employment office; second, programmes dealing with motivation of unemployed persons and, finally, reforms on creating of new working possitions by bussinessmen. An example of such reforms has been presented by the german labour market, which dealt with the problem of high unemployment by a number of radical reforms called Hartz I-IV. The reviews on the recent state of the german employment market made by other authors are very critical to the outcome of these reforms. Ambitions of this thesis are to review the reality of the german labour market in the last decade using the methods of statistically-analytic tools applied on the labour market indicators and to look back to the results of the german labour market during the economic crisis focusing on its stability and flexibility.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Tóthová, Lenka. "Úroveň flexibility trhu práce: porovnání trhu práce ČR a NSR". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199523.

Texto completo

Resumen

The thesis deals with the labour market flexibility in the Czech Republic and Germany, in particularly with flexible forms of employment. Analysis and comparison of the legislation of flexible forms of employment in the Czech Republic and Germany was the bottom line of the thesis. New types of flexible forms of employment which are used in Germany's labour market were discussed as well. The research of legislation has shown that there is not such a significant difference between Czech and German labour law, which would be able to rationalize the marked differences in usage of these forms in the Czech Republic and Germany.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Oliveira, Marta Lídia Figueiredo. "Perfis de competências: o que as empresas procuram nos trabalhadores temporários". Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4306.

Texto completo

Resumen

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Estratégica de Recursos Humanos
Na actualidade atravessamos um quadro de grande instabilidade a nível económico e social, nomeadamente no mercado de trabalho, com a evolução do desemprego. Desta forma, para fazer face á globalização e competitividade as empresas recorrem cada vez mais a formas de emprego flexível como estratégia de Gestão dos Recursos Humanos. A adopção de uma nova estratégica, implica mudanças de valores, de princípios, estilos de vida, introdução de novos conhecimentos e competências, bem como, novas formas de organização do trabalho e novas práticas organizacionais. Partindo do pressuposto que muitas destas alterações também se devem à dinâmica existente entre a oferta e procura, esta dissertação tem como principal objectivo geral definir o perfil do trabalhador temporário de acordo com as competências valorizadas e procuradas pelas empresas utilizadoras. O estudo está dividido em duas partes: por um lado, temos a caracterização das transformações do mercado de trabalho e a consequente evolução das formas flexíveis de empregos, com todas as suas vantagens e desvantagens, das quais o estudo se centra no trabalho temporário e a outra parte analisamos as práticas de recrutamento das empresas utilizadores, como o perfil de competências que elas procuram e valorizam mais nos dias que correm. Para o desenvolvimento do primeiro ponto, analisámos literatura disponível sobre o tema onde é apresentado os diferentes pontos de vista de alguns autores, bem como, procedemos a análise de dados estatísticos sobre o trabalho temporário, enquanto no segundo ponto procedemos á análise de uma base de dados de 100 pedidos de recrutamento feitos no ano de 2011 por várias empresas utilizadoras a uma agência de trabalho temporário do distrito de Setúbal, assim como realizamos duas entrevistas a responsáveis de recursos humanos de duas empresas utilizadoras. Os dados obtidos vão permitir-nos proceder a uma definição do perfil dos trabalhadores temporários, tal como caracterizar as empresas que recrutam estes trabalhadores.
At present we are in a context of instability in the economic and social development, particularly in the labor market. Thus, to address globalization and competitiveness companies will increasingly use flexible forms of employment as a strategy for Human Resources Management. The adoption of a new strategy implies a change of values, principles and lifestyles, introducing new knowledge and skills, as well as new forms of work organization and new organizational practices. Assuming that many of these changes are also due to the dynamics between supply and demand, this paper has as a main objective the characterization of the temporary worker according to the skills valued and sought by companies using this form of recruitment. The study is divided into two parts: firstly, we have to characterize the changes in the labor market and the consequent development of flexible forms of employment, with all its advantages and disadvantages, of which the study focuses on temporary work; secondly we analyzed the recruitment practices of companies using temporary workers, and the profiles and skills they seek and value more. To develop the first point, we analyzed the available literature on the topic, discussing the different points of view of some authors, complemented with the analysis of statistical data on temporary work. In the second point, an analysis is made on a database of 100 applications for recruitment made in 2011 by several companies using temporary employment, and also on two interviews conducted with heads of human resources of two companies using temporary workers. The data obtained allows us to obtain a characterization of temporary workers, and of the companies that recruit these workers.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Idrén, Anna-Karin y Anna Mååg Mååg. "Flexibilitetens frammarsch, en studie om den intermittenta anställningen". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Personal och arbetsliv, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-18350.

Texto completo

Resumen

Flexible working conditions is used extensively in organizations today as a way to create flexibility for the employer. Recently we’ve been reading in the newspapers that this approach is a growing problem and the EU has warned Sweden twice that abuse of these forms of employment must be stopped. The Government has recently submitted a proposed rule change to reduce the possibility of stacking one temporary contract after another. Borlänge kommun makes themselves more flexible with the intermittent employments. This study aims to examine why infrequent employments, such as the intermittent employment is used and preferred by Borlänge kommun and how it’s perceived by affected employees in the organization. The questions related, besides why the intermittent employment is used by the organization and how its perceived by those involved, also includes the management of intermittent employment and how the organization is handling work contracts. The background information on the employment law implications gives the reader an insight into how the regulatory framework works surrounding the topic. The theory section highlights the main theories about flexibility and its different shapes and perspectives. For the study a qualitative approach is used. A case study with semi-structured interviews was performed. The respondents were employees involved in the staffing of intermittent employees and also members of the staff with an intermittent employment. The results show that the employment and contracts is correctly handled by labour law regulations. This study shows that Borlänge kommun uses intermittent employments extensively, with its 1 320 intermittently employees. If this is abuse, or not, is not clear from the result. The authors discuss, however, if that is the case. The intermittent employment is used mainly because of the great needs. This is because society is changing and the average age is increasing, both by those using the services and the employees. All respondents perceive the intermittent employment as most flexible for the employees. Respondents working in the staffing department say that they are not flexible enough. The intermittent employees’ working today does not cover the great need. Borlänge kommun think that the flexibility should benefit them more and is currently trying to become more flexible. The employees were generally satisfied with their work situation. Some tendencies of insecurity and uncertainty could be inferred from the intermittent employees answers. The author’s conclusions are that flexibility and the intermittent employment contracts mainly benefit the employer and the employees who actively choose this type of work, such as students. This kind of employment affects, however, the society and those who need a secure lifestyle. The necessary permanent contracts are becoming fewer and replaced by precarious and flexible employment conditions.
Flexibla arbetsformer används i dag flitigt i organisationer som ett sätt att skapa flexibilitet för arbetsgivaren. Nyligen har man kunnat läsa i tidningarna att detta arbetssätt är ett växande problem och EU har vid två tillfällen varnat Sverige att missbruk av dessa anställningsformer måste upphöra. Regeringen har i dagarna lagt ett föreslag på ändrade regler för att minska möjligheten att kunna stapla tillfälliga anställningar på varandra. Borlänge kommun gör sig mer flexibla med den intermittenta anställningen. Studien syfte är att undersöka varför den intermittenta anställningen används av Borlänge kommun och hur den upplevs av vissa berörda i organisationen. Frågeställningarna berör förutom, varför den intermittenta anställningen används i organisationen och hur den upplevs av berörda, även hanteringen av den intermittenta anställningen. Bakgrundsinformation om den arbetsrättsliga innebörden ger läsaren en inblick i hur regelverket ser ut kring anställningen och vad som krävs när det gäller avtalshantering. De teorier som används belyser främst teorier om flexibilitetens olika former och perspektiv, då den intermittenta anställningen är en del av den flexibla arbetsmarknaden. För undersökningen användes en kvalitativ metod. En fallstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Respondenterna var personal som arbetar med bemanningen av intermittent anställda samt intermittent anställda medarbetare. Denna studie visar att Borlänge kommun använder sig av timanställda i stor utsträckning, med sina 1 320 intermittent anställda. Om detta anses vara ett missbruk eller inte framgår inte av resultatet, författarna diskuterar dock om så är fallet. Resultat visar att anställningen och avtalen kring den intermittenta anställningen hanteras efter arbetsrättens regelverk. Den intermittenta anställningen används främst i kommunen för att behoven är stora. Detta främst på grund av att samhället förändras och medelåldern blir allt högre, både bland brukare och medarbetare. Den intermittenta anställningen upplevs idag av de respondenter som deltagit i undersökning som mest flexibel för arbetstagaren. De respondenter som arbetar på bemanningsavdelningen menar att de idag inte är flexibla nog. De timvikarier som arbetar idag täcker inte det stora behovet. Kommunen vill att flexibiliteten ska gynna arbetsgivaren mer och arbetar idag för att bli mer flexibla, bland annat genom att utöka den numeriska flexibiliteten med hjälp av utvecklade system för intermittenta anställningar. Medarbetarna var överlag nöjda med sin arbetssituation. Vissa tendenser till otrygghet och osäkerhet kunde utläsas ur respondenternas svar. Författarna har dragit slutsatsen att flexibiliteten och den intermittenta anställningen främst gynnar arbetsgivaren och de medarbetare som aktivt väljer denna typ av tjänst, till exempel studenter. Anställningen drabbar dock de som behöver en säker försörjning och samhället i stort. Nödvändiga tillsvidareanställningar blir färre och ersätts av otrygga och flexibla anställningsförhållanden.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Quiñones, Sergio Arturo. "La flexibilidad laboral en España y Perú: análisis de ciertos aspectos diferenciadores". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116048.

Texto completo

Resumen

Labor flexibility in Spain and Peru: Analysis of somedifferential aspectsThis paper contains a comparative analysis of the labor flexibility processes held in the past decades both in Spain and Peru, trying to identify the most relevant differential aspects between them based on the following three factors: (i) the existence —or not— of a political framework; (ii) the labor markets particularities that influence the regulation of the individual labor contracts; and (iii) the potential of unions and collective bargaining
En el presente artículo se efectúa un análisis comparado de los procesos de flexibilidad laboral llevados a cabo en las últimas décadas tanto en España como en Perú, buscando identificar los principales aspectos diferenciadores entre ambos a partir de tres factores: (i) la existencia o no de un marco político de referencia; (ii) las características del mercado de trabajo que inciden en la regulación de la contratación individual; y (iii) la potencialidad de la negociación colectiva.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Yilmaz, Emek. "How Does The State Promote Informal Employment: The Case Of A Kilim Workshop". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608087/index.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis argues the interaction between the Turkish state and informal employment. Literature review on informal sector, flexibilization of the labor market and feminist approach are the bases of this argument. On the other hand, the role of the state in economy is discussed in relation to Bretton Woods Institutions. Taking into consideration the state and informal employment arguments, this study illustrates with a study of a Kilim Weaving Workshop in a town of Ankara how informal work is connected with the state institution Public Education Center. For this study, I conducted participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 10 people out of 30 in research area.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Šikyňová, Alexandra. "Ženy na trhu práce - harmonizácia rodinného a pracovného života v dôsledku implementácie prvkov konceptu flexicurity v socio-ekonomických podmienkach SR v rokoch 2004-2015". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201971.

Texto completo

Resumen

The diploma thesis is dealing with mutually linked relations between family and working sphere of working women, mothers in sense of dependency on availability and possibility to use the measures how to coordinate family and work. Such measures coordinating family and work are very important part of concept known as flexicurity, combining required flexibility of labor market and social securities. The goal of the thesis is to answer the question: Is effective implementation and working of concept of flexicurity under actual social and economic conditions of slovak labor market possible? The theoretical part describes the concept of flexicurity itself, its pillars, especially the measures how to coordinate family and work. These are the inevitable assumption of effective implementation and working of the concept in practice. To meet the objective the combination of quantitative and qualitative research is choosen. According to research findings the diploma thesis concludes, that even the availability and possibility to use the measures of family and work coordination up allow some level of organization of family and working time, actual social and economic conditions of slovak labor market are inadequate in order to effective implementation and further working of concept of flexicurity.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Alfalih, Abdulaziz. "Labour flexibility : an analysis of the future trajectory of the employment of female graduates in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/612317.

Texto completo

Resumen

Debates on flexible employment and labour persist in most Western market economies, while being largely absent regarding Saudi Arabia. Increasing unemployment among qualified Saudi citizens remains a major concern, particularly for females, despite a government policy of Saudisation. Notwithstanding incentives for prioritising Saudi citizens, foreign nationals dominate private sector employment. Few empirical studies consider the factors impacting employment of educated Saudi women: further, there are hardly any robust frameworks which offer policy makers, employers, and those championing the employment of this group a clear set of plausible guidelines bearing in mind the socioeconomic context of Saudi Arabia. The research aims, first and foremost, to examine how far "labour flexibility" in Saudi Arabia offers solutions to unemployment among educated Saudi females, exploring interalia the main institutions and regulatory framework of the Saudi labour market, and the effectiveness of these in managing the relationship between employers and employees. It also examines the major labour market and employment policy concerns of government, employers and employees, considering flexible employment forms in Saudi Arabia, and in what context employers and employees do or would consider flexible employment. Following on from this, the second aim is to develop a conceptual framework on key factors impacting the participation of educated Saudi females in the Saudi labour market. The framework that emerges from these analyses also provides some guidance for graduate women who seek labour market entry and participation. iii The study employed quantitative and qualitative methodologies, with targeted participants, returning 1347 usable questionnaires (41% response) augmented by 28 semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data underwent statistical examination by performing descriptive and inferential analysis on the SPSS software, and qualitative data were analysed using summative content analysis. A conceptual framework was developed and validated through interviews with ten representatives of the interviewed sample population, who held senior positions. To improve understanding of key influencing factors for educated women’s participation in the Saudi labour market for key stakeholders. The six factors identified were personal, socio-cultural, educational, legal/political, organisational and economic. The study identifies a relationship between increased flexible work patterns and increased employment of educated Saudi females and suggests a relationship between the challenges Saudi females face within employment practices and numbers employed in the labour market. Similarly, a relationship exists between educational level and employment chances for Saudi women. Recommendations are proffered to the Saudi Government, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Education, industrial sector, organisations, researchers and academia.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Hauzírková, Zuzana. "Flexibilní úvazky na trhu práce ČR/Flexibilita trhu práce v ČR". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76834.

Texto completo

Resumen

This diploma paper concerns the theme flexibility of the Czech labour market. Concretely it focuses on one of the rigidity which influences the labor market flexibility and it is the labour law. Directly usage of part-time jobs is covered. Netherlandish economy is used for the comparison with Czech economy as in the Netherlands part-time jobs are used very often. The aim of this paper is to answer the question, whether the increased incidence of part-time jobs is useful for the economy. After confirming this hypothesis the paper concentrates on usage of part-time jobs among specific group of workers. This group is represented by women who are taking care of small children. Statistical data from OECD, method of correlation coefficient and comparison of economic indicators were used for the analysis.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Hill, A. J. "Industry structure and labour market flexibility in the South African manufacturing sector : a time series and panel data approach". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5796.

Texto completo

Resumen

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 24-27)
Our investigation of industry structure in South African manufacturing reveals evidence of imperfect competition. We find an average mark-up of 50% for the period 1970 to 2004. Results suggest that there is no consistent trend in the mark-up over time. Extending this analysis, we find that two thirds of total labour employed in South African manufacturing is devoted to fixed costs. We find that this proportion falls during the 1980s and rises during the 1990s, suggesting an increase in labour flexibility followed by a decrease.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Bengtsson, Johan y Tobias Bixberg. "Individen möter kollektivet : en kvalitativ studie om hur Handels upplever individualisering och flexibilitet". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3120.

Texto completo

Resumen

Den svenska arbetsmarknaden är under förändring och blir mer individualiserad och flexibel. Lagen om anställningsskydd blir mer ifrågasatt och det finns diskussioner om att förändra denna lag. Uppsatsen behandlar vilka strategier Handelsanställdas förbund Avd 3 har för att möta individualisering och flexibilitet.Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att med utgångspunkt i aktuella teorier om individualisering och flexibilitet, det vill säga förändringsprocesser, i arbetslivet undersöka dels hur en fackförening (Handels) upplever nämnda förändringsprocesser samt dels om och hur fackföreningens agerande påverkas av förändringsprocesserna.De teorier som ligger till grund för denna uppsats behandlar individualisering, flexibilitet samt arbetsrätt.Vi har gjort 4 stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med fackligt aktiva medlemmar inom Handelsanställdas förbund Avd 3 i Halmstad.Resultatet är uppdelat i fyra olika teman: Facklig verksamhet, individualisering, flexibilitet samt arbetsrätt. Strategier som Handels använder sig av för att möta individualisering, går ut på att träffa ungdomar tidigt.Om ungdomar är mer individualiserade i dagens samhälle än gårdagens samhälle innebär det att Handels på sikt kan få problem. Med problemet menas att de ungdomar som väljer bort ett medlemskap utifrån ett individuellt val, kan leda till att Handels förlorar medlemsantal och därmed deras förhandlingsstyrka på arbetsmarknaden.

The Swedish labour market is changing and becoming more individualized and flexible. The law on employment protection will be further challenged and there are discussions about changing this law. This essay deals with which strategies Handelsanställdas förbund Avd 3 has to accommodate individualization and flexibility.The purpose of this essay is based on current theories of individualization and flexibility, meaning, changing processes in work life and examine how a trade union (Handels) experience changes, and whether the union's behavior is affected by processes of change.The theories and previous research underlying this essay deals with theories of individualization, flexibility and labour law.We have made four semi-structured interviews with trade union officials in Halmstad.The result is divided into four themes: trade union activities, individualization, flexibility, and labour law. Handels is working on issues such as work environment, salary and work hours. Strategies Handels are using to accommodate individualization, is to communicate with young people in an early stage.If young people are more individualized in today's society than yesterday's society, Handels may in the long term have a problem. With the problem, it means that if young people will not be members on the basis of an individual choice, this may lead to Handels losing members and thus their negotiation strength in the labor market.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Krein, José Dari 1961. "Tendencias recentes nas relações de emprego no Brasil : 1990-2005". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285517.

Texto completo

Resumen

Orientador: Carlos Alonso Barbosa de Oliveira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T05:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Krein_JoseDari_D.pdf: 2796050 bytes, checksum: c49aadca1245f9f12ce25cbee75a218a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A presente tese tem como objetivo fazer um balanço da regulação do trabalho no Brasil a partir da década de 1990, observando as transformações ocorridas tanto em relação ao conteúdo como em relação aos espaços de normatização. No que tange ao conteúdo privilegia-se uma análise dos aspectos centrais da relação de emprego: formas contratação, remuneração e jornada de trabalho. Aspectos que sofreram diversas alterações pontuais, mas que caminham na mesma direção, de ampliar a flexibilização das relações de trabalho, em um mercado de trabalho historicamente pouco estruturado, marcado pelo excedente estrutural de força de trabalho, alta informalidade, baixos salários, pequena proteção social e acentuado desrespeito aos direitos vigentes. É uma flexibilidade histórica, que se amplia a partir da década de 1990, dentro do contexto de baixo crescimento econômico, estreitamento do mercado de trabalho e da prevalência de uma ordem econômica dominada pela financeirização e sob hegemonia do neoliberalismo. Na análise das diversas medidas busca-se verificar a efetividade e o seu impacto no mercado de trabalho. Em relação aos espaços normativos, a análise buscar apreender as alterações advindas a partir das mudanças legais, do processo de negociação coletiva e pela dinâmica do mercado e/ou pelo poder discricionário do empregador em estabelecer de forma unilateral novas normas e regras que vão determinar as condições de uso, contratação e remuneração do emprego. As alterações se complementam nos três espaços, ocorrendo inúmeras medidas legais, mas o efeito mais substantivo sobre a vida dos trabalhadores não ocorre pela desregulamentação, mas pela dinâmica do mercado de trabalho. O conjunto de mudanças tende a fragilizar a regulação pública do mercado de trabalho, reforçando a lógica de mercantilização da força de trabalho e deixando o trabalho ainda mais inseguro, instável e precário
Abstract: The present thesis aims to draw a balance of labour regulation in Brazil from the beginning of the 90's to the present days, observing the changes both related to the regulation content and it's range. Concerning regulation content, the analyses focuses central aspects of employment relation: sorts of labour contracts, earnings and working hours. These aspects have suffered lots of punctual changes, yet they all had the same tendency to strengthen flexibility in labour relations, within a country characterized by a labour market historically weakly structured and marked by a structural excessive supply of labour, high rates of informality, low wages, poor social protection and significant disrespect for actual rights. It is a historical flexibility, increasing since the 90's, within a context of low rates of economic growth, labour market narrowing and prevalence of an economical order dominated by finances and the hegemony of neoliberalism. When analyzing the changes, the effort is to verify their effectiveness and impact on labour market. Concerning the range of regulation, the analyses aims to perceive the changing resulting from legal altering, from collective bargaining, from the market dynamics and/or the discretionary power of the employer to establish new rules and norms which determine the conditions of using, contracting and remunerating the work force. The changes complement themselves in these three aspects, although the most considerable effect over the workers lives does not come from the deregulation itself but from the dynamics of the labour market. The set of changes tends to weaken the public regulation of the labour market, strengthening the 'mercantilization' of the labour force logic and leaving labour even more insecure, unstable and precarious
Doutorado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Doutor em Economia Aplicada

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Nye, Caroline. "Forgotten farm workers : contemporary farm labour and sustainability in the South West of England". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33119.

Texto completo

Resumen

The mass decline in agricultural labour in Britain since the industrial revolution has, ultimately, led to it becoming a significant ‘blind spot’ in the agricultural research agenda. Data regarding those who actively work at the ‘frontline’ of agriculture, and how they interrelate with other agents in their network to achieve multiple national and global agendas, is minimal. This thesis contributes and develops a comprehensive body of knowledge concerning the composition of labour on farms in the South West of England, as well as identifying and exploring contemporary relationships between farm labour contributors, the community; and the land, through the examination of the lived experience of different contributors to agricultural labour. These changes are considered under the lens of agriculture’s ever-encroaching challenges of productivity, labour skills shortages and sustainable intensification. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, incorporating a postal survey of 1251 farms, as well as 45 semi-structured interviews with farm labour contributors via a case study approach. Quantitative data provides a useful picture of those contributing to labour on farms in the South West of England, and brings attention to associated labour issues experienced by farmers. Qualitative data fleshes out these results with the guidance of Actor Network Theory. The concept of the lifescape is utilised to achieve this most pictorially while principles from the Human Capability Framework are applied to weaknesses in network chains that were revealed during the research process. Results reveal how new worker profiles have arisen from the increasingly flexible labour market, with contractors exposed as playing a progressively more crucial role to the survival of the industry. Due to an impending labour crisis, rapid technological development, and disparities in knowledge between farmers and other labour contributors, relationships of independence and interdependence between the various cohorts were discovered. Multiple actors within the lifescape of the farm labour contributor mean that clear distinctions cannot be made between farm, land, nature and community, with no single element more important than the other in the playing out of behaviours. Similarly, that same array of actors is seen to contribute significantly to the capacities, opportunities and freedoms available to farm labour contributors, and where a match between the two fails, substantial issues can be seen to arise. The research makes a valuable contribution to rural sociology through understanding the lifescape of the farm worker from the ground up. Overall, it addresses the importance of incorporating farm workers and contributors into the agricultural and more specifically, the sustainable intensification research agenda, particularly emphasising the importance of agricultural research and policy-making parameters being inclusive of all individuals who actively contribute to the land, rather than exclusive.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Gliosaitė, Kristina. "Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos socialinių – ekonominių modelių lyginamoji analizė: darbo rinkos reguliavimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070103_222558-69789.

Texto completo

Resumen

Pastarąjį dešimtmetį dėl vis didėjančio globalizacijos tempo vienu iš aktualiausių debatų ekonomikos srityje tapo konkurencingumas. Jis dažnai siejamas su valstybių ekonominio potencialo vystymu, kurį įtakoja ne tik atskiros ekonomikos šakos ar įmonės, tačiau ir valstybinis sektorius, pasitelkdamas reguliacinę politiką. Ji sukuria tam tikrą veikimo rėmą – nustato privačių veikėjų elgesio taisykles, ir tokiu būdu įtakoja atskirų rinkų, tokių kaip prekių, kapitalo, darbo jėgos funkcionavimą bei patrauklumą. Siekiant įvertinti, palyginti valstybių konkurencingumą bei atitinkamai jas pozicionuoti, tarptautinės organizacijos (Pasaulio Bankas; Pasaulio ekonomikos forumas) bei ekspertai, remdamiesi tam tikrais kriterijais, kasmet teikia palyginamojo pobūdžio konkurencingumo studijas. Pavyzdžiui, 2006 m. rugsėjo mėnesį paskelbtais Doing Bussiness vertinimais Lietuva užima 16 vietą pagal palankumą užsiimti verslu. Tačiau pagal vieną iš šio minėto rodiklio aspektų – darbo rinkos reguliavimą – Lietuva teužima tik 119 vietą iš 175. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – identifikuoti Lietuvos darbo rinkos reguliavimo modelį ir jo poveikį šalies konkurencingumui, atsižvelgiant į kitų Europos Sąjungos šalių darbo rinkos reguliavimo praktiką.
One of the most important issues concerning economic performance debated in recent years is competitiveness. It is often being associated with the development of countries economical potential, influenced not only by the different economical branches or enterprises, but also by public sector, which is empowered with regulatory policy. This policy is meant to create a certain framework for actions – by setting the rules for the behaviour of private actors, thus influencing the functioning and attractiveness of different kind of markets (goods; capital; labour force). Each year such economic and social research giants as The World Bank, The World Economic Forum announce “the leaders and the loser” of economic potential and attractiveness. For example, based on the “Doing Business” (2006) assessment Lithuanian ranks as a 16th country as regards the ease of doing business. However based on one of the detailed indicators – employing workers - Lithuania ranks only as a 119th country out of 175 countries. The main aim of this work - to identify Lithuanian labour market regulation model and its influence regarding country’s competitiveness, based on the practice of European Union labour market regulation models. It is also aimed to determine whether Lithuanian labour market regulation model and the level of its flexibility facilitate the strengthening of Lithuania’s competitiveness, i.e. how much it is prepared to cope with the challenges of ageing labour force, emigration; or to... [to full text]

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Shembavnekar, Nihar S. "Did India's economic reforms generate jobs? : essays on economic liberalisation, labour market flexibility and employment in the Indian manufacturing sector (1990-2006)". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72555/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Whether economic liberalisation generates employment in developing countries remains a matter of debate in academic and policy circles. This thesis explores the labour market implications of a series of liberalising product market reforms initiated in India in the 1990s. The analysis of Chapter 2 indicates that declines in input tariffs are associated with increased formal firm employment across all Indian states, while FDI reform is associated with increased (reduced) formal firm employment in states with flexible (inflexible) labour markets (1990-1997). The FDI effect holds for permanent employment in both groups of states but only affects casual (contract) employment to a significant extent in states with flexible labour markets. The evidence is supportive of the baseline results being driven by product market competition within the formal sector. Chapter 3 reveals that tariff liberalisation is not associated with significant changes in employment in informal enterprises, possibly because these enterprises rarely engage in international trade. However, on average and ceteris paribus, delicensing (FDI reform) is associated with statistically significant increases in informal employment and informal enterprise numbers in states with inflexible (flexible) labour markets (1990-2001). There is some evidence that the delicensing effect is attributable to increases in product market competition in delicensed industries in the post-reform period. The mechanism underlying the result associated with FDI liberalisation is more uncertain and could be one or a combination of competition and collaborative linkages between informal and formal manufacturers. Chapter 4 examines the impact of a post-1996 policy reform (‘SSI dereservation'), which liberalised product markets that had long been reserved for small businesses, on employment in informal manufacturing enterprises. On average and ceteris paribus, dereservation is associated with increased employment in larger informal ‘establishments', but not in tiny household enterprises (1995-2006), attributable in part to increases in product market competition with large formal firms.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Prado, Altevir Dias do. "Flexibilidade versus prote??o trabalhista : uma an?lise de 152 pa?ses e suas intera??es com o desenvolvimento humano e socioecon?mico". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8261.

Texto completo

Resumen

Submitted by PPG Economia do desenvolvimento (economia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-28T20:34:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALTEVIR_DIAS_DO_PRADO_TES.pdf: 3906447 bytes, checksum: 22f88a595ec27b42d91d6caa3672f817 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-29T14:19:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALTEVIR_DIAS_DO_PRADO_TES.pdf: 3906447 bytes, checksum: 22f88a595ec27b42d91d6caa3672f817 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T14:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALTEVIR_DIAS_DO_PRADO_TES.pdf: 3906447 bytes, checksum: 22f88a595ec27b42d91d6caa3672f817 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-14
The labor market occupies a prominent place in economic studies, since it establishes the labor relations, being the meeting point between companies and workers, determining for the functioning of the economy as a whole and for development. In this thesis, models of labor market organization, both the most flexible and the most protective, will be discussed. The research problem consists in seeking subsidies that allow to elucidate which labor legislation is most recommended, be it in the scope of economic growth and development, or in the fulfillment of the desires and desires of the individuality of the worker. To do so, we analyzed data on labor legislation adopted by 152 countries and constructed an indicator of protection, which is the first objective of the thesis. The information on protection was confronted with socioeconomic indicators such as unemployment, income, inequality and human development, which is the second objective of the thesis. These variables served as indicators to identify the most appropriate options, especially for the worker, in view of social welfare, growth and economic development. The results found tend to organize a ranking of countries among the most protective and the most flexible. They also allowed dividing the regions and continents between protective and flexible. It was observed a densification around the median in terms of levels of protection and correlated comparative analyzes allowed to identify the relationship between labor legislation and socio-economic indicators.
O mercado de trabalho ocupa lugar de destaque nos estudos econ?micos, pois nele s?o estabelecidas as rela??es laborais, ponto de converg?ncia entre empresas e trabalhadores, determinante para o funcionamento da economia como um todo e para o desenvolvimento. Nesta tese, ser?o discutidos modelos de organiza??o do mercado de trabalho, tanto os mais flex?veis quanto os mais protetores. O problema da pesquisa resume-se em buscar subs?dios que permitam elucidar qual legisla??o trabalhista ? mais recomendada, seja no ?mbito do crescimento e do desenvolvimento econ?mico, seja no atendimento aos desejos e anseios da individualidade do trabalhador. Para tanto, primeiramente, foram analisados dados das legisla??es trabalhistas adotadas por 152 pa?ses e constru?do um indicador de prote??o. As informa??es sobre prote??o foram confrontadas com indicadores socioecon?micos como desemprego, renda, desigualdade e desenvolvimento humano. Essas vari?veis atuaram como balizadoras na identifica??o das op??es mais adequadas, em especial para o trabalhador, tendo em vista o bem-estar social, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento econ?mico. Os resultados encontrados permitiram organizar um ranqueamento dos pa?ses entre os mais protetores e os mais flex?veis. Tamb?m permitiram dividir as regi?es e os continentes entre protetores e flex?veis. Foi observado um adensamento em torno da mediana em termos de n?veis de prote??o e as an?lises comparativas correlacionadas permitiram identificar a rela??o entre legisla??o trabalhista e indicadores socioecon?micos.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Hernández-Luna, Yezid. "International trade and labor markets : empirical and theoretical evidence". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0547.

Texto completo

Resumen

La thèse est composée de trois articles: le premier constate pour la Colombie, que la quantité des travailleurs qualifiés et le commerce international entraînent un changement technique biaisé vers les qualifiés, augmentant l’inégalité des salaires, bien que cet effet soit compensé par l’emploi temporaire. Le deuxième analyse un modèle des entreprises hétérogènes formelles et informelles, avec plein emploi, montrant qu’une politique d’ouverture augmente la quantité des entreprises informelles et réduit sa productivité moyenne, diminuant le bien-être. Cependant, forcer les informelles à devenir formelles augmente les salaires moyens et le bien-être. Les estimations Diff in Diff dans le troisième article, présentent l'impact du boom pétrolier 2003-2013 sur les pays touchés et non touchés par la maladie hollandaise. Pour les premières, les flux commerciaux internationaux augmentent bien que l'agriculture dans une moindre mesure, alors que le chômage et le travail informel diminuent
I study the relationship between international trade and labor markets in three papers. In the first one, I find for the Colombian case, that together, the sector skill intensity and the international trade bring about more skill-biased technical change, increasing wage inequality, though such an effect is offset using temporary workers. In the second one, the analysis of a trade model with formal and informal heterogeneous firms, under full employment, shows that an openness policy decreases the average productivity of informal firms while makes formal to become informal, worsening welfare. However, forcing informal firms to become formal, increases average wages and raises welfare. In the third one, Diff in Diff estimates presents the impact of the 2003-2013 oil prices boom, on countries affected and not affected by the Dutch disease. In the former group, international trade flow increases although agriculture at a lower magnitude, while unemployment and informal labor decrease

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Denomme, Matthew J. "Continuity and change, production restructuring and labour market flexibility in the food processing industry of Canada's Technology Triangle (CTT) and the City of Toronto". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ32871.pdf.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Arciniega, Rosa Silvia. "Mercado de trabajo y flexibilidad en la industria manufacturera del estado de México". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119738.

Texto completo

Resumen

There are modernizations or productive re-structuring processes in the Mexican industrial sector, with changes in labour relations and new profiles in labour force. The new industrial logic is underlined by the workers characteristics and labour market, that is, it appears linked to local specifications, some times important, such as the growing labour insertion of rural otomí women from the nearby municipios to the factories, mainly in the textile, food and export maquila sectors, that attend works with great flexibility. This condition forces us to reconsider the insertion of labour strategies of rural families in the State of Mexico.
En el sector industrial mexiquense se han instrumentado procesos de modernización o de reestructuración productiva con cambio en las relaciones laborales y nuevo perfil de la fuerza de trabajo. La nueva lógica industrial se ve matizada por características de los trabajadores y del mercado de trabajo, es decir, aparece vinculada a especificidades locales a veces importantes, como la creciente inserción laboral de la mano de obra femenina en la manufactura y la amplia flexibilización de las relaciones laborales. La presencia de mujeres en la industria se vincula al traslado al mundo productivo de mujeres de origen rural, otomí, de los municipios colindantes a las fábricas, principalmente a los sectores textil, alimentos y maquila de exportación, que deben hacer frente a trabajos con alto grado de flexibilidad, situación que obliga a reconsiderar las estrategias de inserción laboral de familias rurales del estado de México.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

König, Stefanie Verfasser] y Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ebbinghaus. "Labour Market Flexibility between Risk and Opportunity for Gender Equality Analyses of Self-employment, Part-time Work, and Job Autonomy / Stefanie König. Betreuer: Bernhard Ebbinghaus". Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099079144/34.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Severovas, Mintautas. "Šiaulių apskrities darbo rinkos tyrimas kitų Lietuvos apskričių kontekste". Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140716_083838-97989.

Texto completo

Resumen

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamos Lietuvos apskričių darbo rinkų situacijos, remiantis mokslinėje literatūroje išskirtais darbo rinką apibūdinančiais rodikliais, kurie buvo suskirstyti į keturias grupes ir padėjo įvertinti keturis darbo rinkos aspektus: darbo rinkos pajėgumą, darbo pasiūlą, darbo paklausą ir darbo rinkos lankstumą. Darbe nustatyta, kurioje Lietuvos apskrityje situacija darbo rinkoje yra geriausia taip pat, kurioje yra prasčiausia.
Bachelor Final work examines the situation of Lithuania‘s counties labour markets with reference to in scientific literature defined labour market indicators, which were grouped into four groups and helped to assess four aspects of labour market: labour market capability, labour supply, labour demand and labour market flexibility. In this work it was assessed in which Lithuania‘s county labour market situation is the best, as well as, in which is the worst.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

O'Dwyer, Catherine. "Flexible rights or flexible work? : a critical exploratory study of legislative developments relating to the regulation of atypical work and labour market flexibility in the UK". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523153.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Jesus, Élia Isabel Gamito de. "Formas flexíveis de emprego : estudo empírico do trabalho temporário na região de Setúbal". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3573.

Texto completo

Resumen

Mestrado em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
A flexibilidade, e os conceitos a ela associados, designadamente a competitividade, encontram-se na ordem do dia e invadem o nosso quotidiano impondo nas sociedades contemporâneas, novos valores, novas representações, novos modos de vida, novos modelos de organização do trabalho e novas estratégias e práticas empresariais e societárias. Neste encadeamento de ideias, e embora continuemos na antiga mas actual dicotomia entre capital e trabalho, o factor humano não se encontra apenas associado ao "trabalho", tendendo a ser designado e (devendo ser) entendido como "capital humano", sob a forma de competências e qualificações individuais e grupais e como factor estratégico para o sucesso das organizações. Contudo, o "reverso da medalha" da flexibilidade e em particular das formas flexíveis de emprego, ou os efeitos nocivos da neoliberalização levada ao limite, traduz-se na segmentação do mercado de trabalho e numa polarização social entre dois extremos: regra geral, de um lado, um núcleo duro de trabalhadores-chave, com vínculos laborais estáveis e objecto de uma mobilidade profissional e polivalência ilimitada e, do outros, os trabalhadores periféricos ou substituíveis, com vínculos habitualmente precários e trajectórias profissionais descontínuas. O presente trabalho pretende indagar sobre as oportunidades e/ou desvantagens destes percursos profissionais caracterizados pela sua precariedade e diferentes níveis (salarial, situações de trabalho pouco qualificantes ou mesmo desqualificantes, acesso a formação profissional e as oportunidades de carreira, entre outros), visando modestamente contribuir para um melhor conhecimento desta realidade e enriquecimento da literatura ao nível dos estudos regionais. Suportado num quadro teórico de análise que integra diversas perspectivas e visões, realiza-se um estudo empírico sobre o trabalho temporário na região de Setúbal, através da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a trabalhadores temporários, de entrevistas com parceiros sociais e institucionais regionais e da exploração de dados estatísticos.
Flexibility, and its associate concepts, like competitiveness, are a important matter that invade our day-by-day imposing in the contemporaries societies, new values, new representations, new ways of life, new models of labour organisation and new enterprises and social practices and strategies. In this context, and even we continue in the old but actual dichotomy between capital and labour, the human factor does not only is assoicated to labour, tending to be assigned and understood as human capital, under the form of abilities and individual and group qualifications and as a strategic factor for organisations success. However, the flexibility, and in particular the flexible forms of job, as also negative effects, or the harmful effect of the neo-liberalisation taken to the limit, are expressed the segmentation of the work market and a social polarisation between two extemities: general rule, in one side, a hard nucleus of key-workers, with steady labour bonds and object of a professional mobility and limitless polyvalence and, in the other side, the peripheral or replaceable workers, with habitually precarious bonds and discontinuous professional trajectories. The present work intends to inquire on the chances and /or disadvantages of these professional passages characterised by its precariousness at different levels (wages, unqualified situations of work, access to professional training and opportunities of career, among others), modestly aiming at to contribute for one better knowledge of this reality and a literature enrichment of the regional studies. Supported in a theoretical picture of analysis that integrates a diverseness of perspectives, an empirical study is become full-filled on the temporary work in the regiona of Setúbal, through the application of an inquiry by questionnaire to temporary workers, and interviews with regional social and institutional partners and of the exploration os statistical data.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Berntson, Erik. "Employability perceptions : Nature, determinants, and implications for health and well-being". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7520.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Iwanow, Tomasz. "Essays on institutions and international trade". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-institutions-and-international-trade(2c25e914-f996-477f-aa9c-5fb746ee4672).html.

Texto completo

Resumen

The Thesis analyses the impact that humanly devised institutions, defined as “formal and informal constraints on political, economic, and social interactions”, have on international trade and the patterns comparative advantage. The key assumption of the Thesis is that although institutions impact on the whole economy they may influence some sectors more than others. Industry‘s dependence on institutions is a technological feature of production. Hence, for example, industries that require a large number of intermediate inputs for production will be more dependent on the quality of contract enforcement regulation for their growth. The Thesis analyses 4 different sub-components of institutional quality: contract enforcement, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions. The Thesis’ hypotheses regarding each of these sub-components are as follows: 1. Countries with more efficient contract enforcement regulations will specialize (have a comparative advantage) in more complex sectors that depend on contracts with suppliers/producers for their growth.2. Countries with more secure property rights will specialize in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets for production.3. Countries with higher financial development will have a comparative advantage in sectors that are more dependent on external finance for their growth.4. Countries with more flexible labour markets will specialize in more volatile industries. In order to test these assumptions we construct three econometric models (Chapters 4-6). In Chapter 4 we assess how contract enforcement regulations, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions impact on trade volumes using a well-known gravity model. In Chapter 5 we test whether these sub-components have an impact on growth of value-added at industry level. Finally, in chapter 6 the impact on firms’ productivity is tested. The results show that contract enforcement regulations and financial development affect countries’ comparative advantage by affecting countries trade flows, value-added and productivity in a way consistent with the hypothesis. The results regarding the other two institutional sub-components are mixed but we do find some evidence the countries with more secure property rights export more and have higher value-added growth in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets. These results are robust to different specifications. Using a novel set of instrumental variables we show that causality runs from institutions to trade, value-added and productivity rather than the reverse. We supplement the empirical evidence with a case-study of Lesotho’s textiles and garment industry and also find some evidence that this export-oriented industry emerged in Lesotho at least partly due to this country’s good institutions that are better than its African competitors. From a policy perspective our results imply that institutional and regulatory reform - especially in enforcement of contracts and financial sector regulations - may enhance the capacity of poor countries to move up to specialization into higher-valued products and to reap benefits from international integration.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Rak, Jindřich. "Sjednávání a rozvazování pracovních poměrů". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75404.

Texto completo

Resumen

The thesis deals with the stipulation and termination of employment and other legal alternatives, known to the Czech Labour law. It explains in its theoretical part present legal form of employment. The wider attention is granted to the term of dependent work and fixed time employment. The practical part contains specifically formulated procedures of entering into contract of employment and its discharge. The thesis also prospects the shortcomings of current legal regulations and submits suggestions to changes on the basis of reflections de lege ferenda.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

BANASIAK, Sophie. "The unionisation of precarious workers : representations, problematisation and experiences in Swedish blue-collar unions in the construction and hotel-restaurant sectors". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52700.

Texto completo

Resumen

From the Polanyian perspective on the double movement of labour commodification and self-protection of Society, the aim of this study was to examine how unionists perceive and problematise precarious employment and what are their practices for unionising and thereby securing precarious workers. A double case study was conducted in the hotel-restaurant and construction sectors in Sweden with the participation of blue-collar unionists with diverse backgrounds and experiences. The results show that precarious work is associated with labour market segmentation, subcontracting and fragmentation of economic organisations, deskilling of work, loss of autonomy and sometimes over-qualification of workers. Perceived difficulties for unionisation are fear, lack of knowledge of precarious workers about their rights, membership cost, status frustration and lack of interactions with other workers. Reported practices for unionising precarious workers consist of dealing with these barriers in order to build trustful relations and empowering workers through education and inclusion in leadership positions. Actions taken to protect and secure precarious workers are strongly interlinked with their unionisation and seem to rest mainly on negotiations. The main conclusions of the study are that precarious work means a loss of control by workers over their work life stemming from labour commodification and flexibilisation due to increased management control and lack of rights and protections surrounding work. The formation of solidarities needed for unionisation is hindered by the detachment of precarious workers from the work community and by inequality regimes. The domination of fear manifests the prevalence of emotions. Therefore, the care and emotional work of unionists is essential for making workers feel confidence. Unions practices tend to lean also, to some extent, towards organising and community building models. Thereby, union agency appears to be able to engage in an interplay with structures to exert some influence on employment and industrial relations.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Zang, Wenyu. "Foreign direct investment : causes and consequences : the determinants of inward and outward FDI and their relationship with economic growth". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5690.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis complements current studies by focusing on developed OECD countries as they are the major sources and recipients of world FDI and current studies relating to developed countries using aggregate country FDI data are limited. This study empirically tests the determinants of FDI inflows and outflows and their relationship with economic growth using 2SLS simultaneous equations model between 1981 and 2008 for a sample of 20 developed OECD countries. The empirical findings suggest that FDI inflows do not contribute to economic growth in the host country and economic growth positively affects FDI inflows. In addition, trade openness and flexible employment protection legislation in the host country attract FDI inflows. In terms of FDI outflows, the results show that FDI outflows reduce economic growth in the home country, while economic growth in the home country increases FDI outflows. Moreover, high past level of outward FDI stock, trade openness, low labour cost and currency depreciation in the home country provide incentives for domestic firms to invest abroad. Therefore, this study does not support offering special incentives to foreign investors to attract FDI inflows or offering promotional policies to domestic firms to encourage FDI outflows. Instead, government should provide incentives for domestic investment and other sound policies to increase economic growth, which in itself provides a good environment to attract FDI inflows and to encourage FDI outflows. Keywords: FDI inflows, FDI outflows, two stage least squares simultaneous equations, economic growth, labour market flexibility.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Curto, Millet Fabien. "Inflation expectations, labour markets and EMU". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9187d2eb-2f93-4a5a-a7d6-0fb6556079bb.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis examines the measurement, applications and properties of consumer inflation expectations in the context of eight European Union countries: France, Germany, the UK, Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. The data proceed mainly from the European Commission's Consumer Survey and are qualitative in nature, therefore requiring quantification prior to use. This study first seeks to determine the optimal quantification methodology among a set of approaches spanning three traditions, associated with Carlson-Parkin (1975), Pesaran (1984) and Seitz (1988). The success of a quantification methodology is assessed on the basis of its ability to match quantitative expectations data and on its behaviour in an important economic application, namely the modelling of wages for our sample countries. The wage equation developed here draws on the theoretical background of the staggered contracts and the wage bargaining literature, and controls carefully for inflation expectations and institutional variables. The Carlson-Parkin variation proposed in Curto Millet (2004) was found to be the most satisfactory. This being established, the wage equations are used to test the hypothesis that the advent of EMU generated an increase in labour market flexibility, which would be reflected in structural breaks. The hypothesis is essentially rejected. Finally, the properties of inflation expectations and perceptions themselves are examined, especially in the context of EMU. Both the rational expectations and rational perceptions hypotheses are rejected. Popular expectations mechanisms, such as the "rule-of-thumb" model or Akerlof et al.'s (2000) "near-rationality hypothesis" are similarly unsupported. On the other hand, evidence is found for the transmission of expert forecasts to consumer expectations in the case of the UK, as in Carroll's (2003) model. The distribution of consumer expectations and perceptions is also considered, showing a tendency for gradual (as in Mankiw and Reis, 2002) but non-rational adjustment. Expectations formation is further shown to have important qualitative features.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Santos, Maria Roseniura de Oliveira. "Os efeitos da reforma neoliberal do estado sobre a auditoria - fiscal do trabalho e a atuação no setor de saúde: um estudo a partir do caso da Superintendência Regional do Trabalho e Emprego da Bahia de 1996/2011". Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2013. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456730/293.

Texto completo

Resumen

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-17T17:42:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ROSENIURA.pdf: 3933810 bytes, checksum: a134a77541d4864afa9297dffa08461f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-18T16:39:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ROSENIURA.pdf: 3933810 bytes, checksum: a134a77541d4864afa9297dffa08461f (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T16:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ROSENIURA.pdf: 3933810 bytes, checksum: a134a77541d4864afa9297dffa08461f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15
A precarização do trabalho tem sido apontada como um dos principais efeitos da reestruturação do processo produtivo. A Reforma neoliberal do Estado orientou-se pelo primado da sujeição ao comando da lógica de ajuste fiscal, da privatização e da desregulamentação. Transplantou-se a racionalidade da gestão empresarial para o setor público, adotando-se o denominado modelo gerencial. Neste contexto, o estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de fiscalização do trabalho no setor de Saúde e o modo pelo qual as ações fiscais têm sido desenvolvidas. Devido à grandeza do fenômeno, a pesquisa requereu examinar o processo de implantação da Reforma Administrativa e seus efeitos sobre ação do fiscal do trabalho a partir dos dados históricos disponíveis, bem como investigar a evolução do modus operandi, a amplitude e perfil da intervenção da auditoria-fiscal do trabalho no serviço de Saúde e levantar dados e evidências do grau de alcance desta intervenção fiscal. O percurso metodológico abrangeu a classificação e delimitação das categorias profissionais do Setor Saúde e a seleção de fontes, variáveis e indicadores das características do mercado de trabalho em Saúde e do perfil e alcance da fiscalização do trabalho. Quanto à contextualização do setor de Saúde, as fontes utilizadas foram o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (CNES/MS), o Cadastro Central de Empresas (CEMPRE/IBGE), a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/IBGE) e a Pesquisa de Assistência Médico-Sanitária (AMS/IBGE) e para a análise dos aspectos fiscais foram colhidos e sistematizados os dados do Sistema Federal de Inspeção do Trabalho (SFIT). A pesquisa confirma a hipótese principal, verificando-se que ocorreu um estreitamento do foco fiscal com forte caráter arrecadatório em detrimento de dimensões como jornada e segurança e saúde, apresentando grau mais acentuado no Serviço de Saúde. Foi evidenciado ainda que a Reforma Administrativa tornou a auditoria-fiscal do trabalho flexível e menos punitiva, gerando perda de credibilidade institucional, estimulando sensação de impunidade e posturas de resistências pelas empresas em razão da reduzida probabilidade de flagrar infrações e o baixo custo das multas trabalhistas. O estudo também traz evidências de que a ruptura com do sistema de avaliação de desempenho vinculado à remuneração dos fiscais do trabalho parece ter iniciado um processo de reversão dos efeitos do modelo gerencial, apontando a necessidade de novas pesquisas para investigar a evolução da transição do modelo gerencial para uma nova política de administração da fiscalização do trabalho e respostas a questões concernentes à construção e adequação de indicadores de monitoramento e avaliação da eficácia fiscal que possam contribuir para construção e captação de um novo modo de atuar da inspeção trabalhista com vistas a promover o cumprimento da lei e a desprecarização do mercado do trabalho.
The precariousness of work has been identified as one of the main effects of restructuring the production process. The neoliberal state reform was guided by the rule of subjection to command logic fiscal adjustment, privatization and deregulation. The managerial public administration model transplanted the rationality of business for the public sector. In this context, the study aims at analyzing the process of labor inspection in Healthcare sector and the way interventive actions have been developed. Because to the magnitude of the phenomenon, the research required to examine the process of implementation of administrative reform and its effect on the action of the Labour Inspection. from the available historical data and, to investigate the evolution of the modus operandi, the amplitude and profile of the intervention of the work fiscal in the Service of Health and to collect data and evidence as to the reach of this fiscal intervention. The methodological approach included the classification and definition of the professional categories of the Health Sector and the selection of sources, variables and indicators of the characteristics of the labor market Health and profile and scope of labor inspection. For the contextualization of Health sector, the sources used were the National Register of Health Care of the Ministry of Health (CNES / MS), the Central Register of Enterprises (CEMPRE / IBGE), the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD / IBGE) and the Survey of Medical-Sanitary (AMS / IBGE) and the analysis of the fiscal aspects were collected and systematized data of the Federal Labour Inspection System (SFIT). The research confirms the main hypothesis, verifying that there was a narrowing of focus tax revenue collection with strong character rather than dimensions such as working hours, safety and health, presenting greater degree in Health Service. It was evidenced that the Administrative Reform has turned out flexible and less punitive the Labour Inspecton, causing loss of institutional credibility, stimulating feeling of impunity and postures of resistance by companies because the reduced probability of catching violations and the low cost of labor fines. The study also provides evidence that the break with the performance measurement systems linked to the remuneration of labor inspectors appears to started a process of reversing the effects of managerial public administration model, pointing out the need for further research to investigate the evolution of the transition model management to a new administration policy of the Labour Inspecion and answers to questions concerning the construction and adaptation of indicators for monitoring and evaluating the inspection effectiveness may contribute to the construction and funding of a new way of acting Labour Inspection in order to promote the law enforcement and the reversion of the precariousness of the labor market.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Dias, Ivo Antunes. "Flexibilidade e polivalência funcional: mitos e realidades no Portugal dos anos 90 (Para melhor compreender as estratégias dos actores sociais)". Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8792.

Texto completo

Resumen

Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
Novas condições de mercado exigem novos comportamentos empresariais. Os desafios da competitividade levam os empregadores a reclamar uma maior flexibilidade na utilização do factor humano. Procurando acompanhar a tendência europeia de flexibilização laboral, a Lei nº 21/96, embora conhecida como a "Lei das Quarenta Horas", tem um alcance mais vasto ao procurar estabelecer o novo quadro jurídico da organização e gestão do tempo de trabalho. Considerada ousada por uns e insuficiente por outros, esta Lei parece não ter concretizado o seu objectivo: melhorar a capacidade concorrencial da economia e das empresas portuguesas. O objectivo da presente dissertação á analisar o contexto em que a Lei foi elaborada, questionando as atitudes e interesses dos actores políticos e sociais, bem como identificar as questões controversas ligadas à sua aplicação.
New market conditions oblige companies to behave in novel manners. Competitiveness challenges have led employers to demand greater flexibility in the use of their labour forces. In order to keep up with the European trend towards greater labour flexibility, Law no.21/96, though known as the 40-hour law, far-reaching in that it aims at establishing a new legal framework for the organisation and management of working time. Considered bold by some, insufficient by others, this law does not seem to have achieved its objective: to improve the competitive strength of the Portuguese economy and of Portuguese companies. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the context within which the law was draw up whille inquiring into attitudes and interests of political and social players, as well as to identify the controversial issues related to its enforcement.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Omomowo, Kolawole Emmanuel. "Subcontracting of work and workers' protection in post-apartheid South Africa : a case study of cleaning services workers". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23895.

Texto completo

Resumen

Workers’ protection can be achieved, to a large extent, through labour law and workers’ organisation through trade unionism. Workers’ protection is defined as social protection. This study investigates workers’ experiences of their employment with regard to social protection as manifested in job security and wage adequacy. In this study workers’ perception of labour law, as a tool for workers’ protection, is considered in relation to the argument of the régulation theorists that law serves as a ‘mode of regulation’ to perpetuate the stability of the prevailing capitalist regime of accumulation. The impact of the changing nature of work on the effectiveness of labour law at achieving workers’ protection is investigated from the perspective of workers. A large employer subcontracting some support services was selected as a site of study. Data was collected using one-on-one in-depth interview to ‘tap’ into the working experiences of relevant workers and union officials. This study concludes that the changing nature of work as manifest in the decline of standard employment relationships and increase of atypical (non standard) employment, such as subcontracting undermines workers’ protection. Wages and other benefits of workers are affected. Workers survive through the support of their families and by borrowing from micro lenders which tend to suck them into a poverty cycle. The ineffectiveness of labour law to adequately protect subcontracted workers substantiates the position of régulation theorists that law is an extra-economic institutionalised practice helping to stabilize the prevailing capitalist regime of accumulation. The thinking here is that labour law is not unilaterally imposed by the state, rather, it is a product of social interaction (social relation) or struggle between labour, capital and the state within a social ‘field’ or ‘subfield’. The nature of employment of subcontracted work weakens the power of workers’ collective through trade unions. The restructuring of work leads to deunionisation and the ability of unions to organise these workers is undermined by difference in employer and pay-point between permanent workers and subcontracted workers. Copyright
Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Sociology
unrestricted

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Brink, Bernd. "One flexible future for Europe? : the case of European convergence and/or divergence in the light of the flexibility debate". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21526.

Texto completo

Resumen

This Thesis examines recent trends in flexible forms of employment and how those forms of employment influence and at the same time are influenced by the economic, structural and regulatory environments in the different countries of the European Union, as well as their diverse labour market regimes. Those interactions are used as the basis for an analysis of the likelihood of convergence or divergence in European ways of work organisation; and for a consideration of how much influence decision makers are capable of exercising on this process. The Thesisis divided into four parts. The first part starts by discussing theories of societal development, presenting a model of firms flexibility, and deals with methodological issues involved in relating firms strategies with national employment environments. The second part examines the characteristics of the various European labour markets using data from the European Labour Force Survey (ELFS, 1984 - 1994) and the New Forms of Work and Activity Survey (NFWA, 1989/90). Firm specific data from the NFWAis used to explain variance in firms use of new forms of employment with other firm features. The study argues that European labour markets are still distinct and that differences in the usage patterns and meaning of new forms of employment can not be explained by firm characteristics alone; differences in national labour market regimes have also to be considered. The third part relates the findings of the previous part to the national employment systems and compares various aspects of the findings in three sample countries (Spain, United Kingdom and Germany). It shows that the various systems function in different manners, and possess competitive advantages / disadvantages in different areas. Conditions needed for one system to work are distinct from those needed for the other systems. Interchanging some features known from other systems to increase for example flexibility in the short run, might have effects contrary to those sought and might destroy a system's foundations in the long run. The fourth part looks into possible converging / diverging trends in European ways of work organisation, given the different starting positions. The evidence presented suggest that in the short term gains can be made through a cost cutting strategy, however this will make in the long run the creation of the wanted high trust, high wage, high quality economy in Europe even more difficult. To overcome short term thinking, which could bring about a convergence towards a economy competing only on costs, co-ordination on a supranational level is needed. As the situation of the national systems is still distinct, decision making on this level is increasingly prone to gridlock. However, recent developments on the company level towards transnational information and work councils on a European level might have important effects, even when such arrangements still lag behind the swift developments towards economic and monetary union.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Bonleu, Antoine. "Housing market regulation and labor market regulation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2009/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Le premier chapitre montre l'interdépendance sur le marché locatif entre le formalisme procédural (FP) et les réseaux sociaux locaux. Tandis que le FP augmente le coût de résolution des conflits juridiques entre propriétaires et locataires, les réseaux sociaux présentent l'avantage de pouvoir régler un conflit sans la justice. Le FP permet de rendre plus intéressant aux yeux du propriétaire les individus appartenant à un réseau social. Le deuxième chapitre explique l'importance du soleil sur la demande de régulation du marché locatif. Les pays d'Europe du sud très ensoleillés sont attractifs de par leur douceur de vie. Cette immigration potentielle augmente la tension sur le marché locatif. Pour la réduire, les individus d'Europe du sud développent une complémentarité entre capital social local et régulation. Cette stratégie explique un équilibre méditerranéen où le capital social local et le FP sont élevés. A contrario, l'absence d'attractivité des pays faiblement ensoleillés explique un équilibre anglo-saxon et scandinave aux caractéristiques opposées. Le troisième chapitre explique le soutien pour la régulation du marché du travail par la présence de régulations sur le marché locatif. Lorsque ce dernier est très régulé, les propriétaires sélectionnent les locataires selon leur capacité à payer le loyer. Protéger les contrats à durée indéterminée oblige les entreprises à sélectionner les travailleurs et permet alors aux propriétaires de mieux estimer le risque individuel de licenciement. Nous construisons un modèle où les individus sans emploi demandent plus de régulations et de protections en dépit de l’augmentation du chômage et de la part des contrats temporaires
The first contribution studies the complementarities between the strength of social networks and the stringency of procedural formalism. While procedural formalism increases the cost of legal dispute resolution between landlords and tenants, social networks allow conflicts to be solved without recourse to justice. Procedural formalism is thus a way to provide a market advantage to local individuals embedded in dense local social networks at the expense of nonlocal agents without access to such networks.The second contribution deals with the importance of the sun on the demand for regulation in the rental market. Southern European countries with good climate amenities are attractive by their mildness of life. This potential immigration increases the pressure on the rental market. To reduce it, individuals in Southern Europe develop complementarities between social capital and local regulations. This strategy explains a Mediterranean equilibrium characterized by high levels of local social capital and procedural formalism. Conversely, the lack of attractiveness of countries with low climate amenities leads to an Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian equilibrium with opposite features.The third contribution explains the support for labor market regulation by the presence of regulations on the rental market. When the rental market is very regulated, landlords screen applicants with regard to their ability to pay the rent. Protecting regular jobs offers a second-best technology to sort workers, thereby increasing the rental market size. We provide a model where non-employed workers demand protected jobs despite unemployment and the share of short-term jobs increase

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tesis sobre el tema "Flexibility in the labor market"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros