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Bryant, M. D. "Bond Graph Models for Linear Motion Magnetostrictive Actuators." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 1 (1996): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801139.
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Bond graph models for the audio range response of a dynamically continuous, linear motion magnetostrictive actuator are formulated and presented. The actuator involves a continuous rod of magnetostrictive material that extends, contracts, and vibrates in modes when energized by magnetic flux produced by a coil. The left end is fixed, force is extracted from the right end. The bond graph model includes dynamics of the energizing coil, the flux routing circuit, magnetic to mechanical energy conversion, and mechanical elements. Constitutive relations for magnetostriction suggest use of a multipart capacitor with ports for magnetic and mechanical power flow; constraints imposed by modal dynamics require a separate mechanical port for each vibration mode. Values were assigned to bond graph parameters in a non-empirical manner: solely from theory and handbook data. State equations and transfer functions were extracted from the bond graph. For audio range operation, theory (the bond graph model) compared well with experiment (measurements taken on a magnetostrictive actuator designed and built by the author).
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Stupacher, Jan, Michael J. Hove, and Petr Janata. "Audio Features Underlying Perceived Groove and Sensorimotor Synchronization in Music." Music Perception 33, no. 5 (2016): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2016.33.5.571.
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The experience of groove is associated with the urge to move to a musical rhythm. Here we focus on the relevance of audio features, obtained using music information retrieval (MIR) tools, for explaining the perception of groove and music-related movement. In Study 1 we extracted audio features from clips of real music previously rated on perceived groove. Measures of variability, such as the variance of the audio signal’s RMS curve and spectral flux (particularly in low frequencies), predicted groove ratings. Additionally, we dissociated two forms of event density, showing that an algorithm that emphasizes variability between beats predicted groove ratings better. In Study 2 we manipulated RMS levels and groove category (low, mid, and high groove) to confirm that perceived groove is not a function of loudness. In Study 3 we utilized novel music clips that manipulated the frequency of bass and bass drum (low vs. high) and attack time (short vs. long). Groove ratings and tapping velocities tended to be higher and tapping variability tended to be lower when the bass instruments had lower frequencies. The present findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of groove by linking audio and musical qualities to subjective experience and motor behavior.
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Rossetti, Danilo, and Jônatas Manzolli. "Analysis of Granular Acousmatic Music: Representation of sound flux and emergence." Organised Sound 24, no. 02 (2019): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771819000244.
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Analysing electroacoustic music is a challenging task that can be approached by different strategies. In the last few decades, newly emerging computer environments have enabled analysts to examine the sound spectrum content in greater detail. This has resulted in new graphical representation of features extracted from audio recordings. In this article, we propose the use of representations from complex dynamical systems such as phase space graphics in musical analysis to reveal emergent timbre features in granular technique-based acousmatic music. It is known that granular techniques applied to musical composition generate considerable sound flux, regardless of the adopted procedures and available technological equipment. We investigate points of convergence between different aesthetics of the so-called Granular Paradigm in electroacoustic music, and consider compositions employing different methods and techniques. We analyse three works: Concret PH (1958) by Iannis Xenakis, Riverrun (1986) by Barry Truax, and Schall (1996) by Horacio Vaggione. In our analytical methodology, we apply such concepts as volume and emergence, as well as their graphical representation to the pieces. In conclusion we compare our results and discuss how they relate to the three composers’ specific procedures creating sound flux as well as to their compositional epistemologies and ontologies.
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Valiveti, Hima Bindu, Anil Kumar B., Lakshmi Chaitanya Duggineni, Swetha Namburu, and Swaraja Kuraparthi. "Soft computing based audio signal analysis for accident prediction." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 17, no. 3 (2021): 329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-08-2020-0120.
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Purpose Road accidents, an inadvertent mishap can be detected automatically and alerts sent instantly with the collaboration of image processing techniques and on-road video surveillance systems. However, to rely exclusively on visual information especially under adverse conditions like night times, dark areas and unfavourable weather conditions such as snowfall, rain, and fog which result in faint visibility lead to incertitude. The main goal of the proposed work is certainty of accident occurrence. Design/methodology/approach The authors of this work propose a method for detecting road accidents by analyzing audio signals to identify hazardous situations such as tire skidding and car crashes. The motive of this project is to build a simple and complete audio event detection system using signal feature extraction methods to improve its detection accuracy. The experimental analysis is carried out on a publicly available real time data-set consisting of audio samples like car crashes and tire skidding. The Temporal features of the recorded audio signal like Energy Volume Zero Crossing Rate 28ZCR2529 and the Spectral features like Spectral Centroid Spectral Spread Spectral Roll of factor Spectral Flux the Psychoacoustic features Energy Sub Bands ratio and Gammatonegram are computed. The extracted features are pre-processed and trained and tested using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighborhood (KNN) classification algorithms for exact prediction of the accident occurrence for various SNR ranges. The combination of Gammatonegram with Temporal and Spectral features of the validates to be superior compared to the existing detection techniques. Findings Temporal, Spectral, Psychoacoustic features, gammetonegram of the recorded audio signal are extracted. A High level vector is generated based on centroid and the extracted features are classified with the help of machine learning algorithms like SVM, KNN and DT. The audio samples collected have varied SNR ranges and the accuracy of the classification algorithms is thoroughly tested. Practical implications Denoising of the audio samples for perfect feature extraction was a tedious chore. Originality/value The existing literature cites extraction of Temporal and Spectral features and then the application of classification algorithms. For perfect classification, the authors have chosen to construct a high level vector from all the four extracted Temporal, Spectral, Psycho acoustic and Gammetonegram features. The classification algorithms are employed on samples collected at varied SNR ranges.
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Stanton, Polly. "Sound, listening and the moving image." Qualitative Research Journal 19, no. 1 (2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-12-2018-0019.
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Purpose As an artist working with sound and the moving image, an in-between space is revealed, a flux between two distinct mediums that intersect as temporal experience and sensory synchronisation. The audio–visual relationship is a pattern of constantly shifting moments of connection and discordance, an ephemeral dance of timing and rhythm that binds together to create a cinematic expression of time and event. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the author will consider the audio-visual event and the space that exists between the visual and the sonic via the frame of my own art practice. Through this context, the author will examine audio–visual relations from practice through to presentation, challenging the belief that sound is merely a support for the moving image and propose that it is an equal if not driving force in the audio-visual contract. The author will also investigate sound-based disciplines that the author utilize in my own work, all of which highlight the materiality of sound and how it can be engaged to directly affect the production and installation of moving image works in a gallery context. Findings Utilizing listening in this way has revealed surprising or overlooked connections that visually the author would otherwise have not acknowledged. It has helped link together interests across geography and cartography by expanding on what is not seen and can only be heard, and therefore revealing a new space of information. And it has emboldened the author to investigate the geographies of sound by supplying a way to follow associative connections across a range of environments. Originality/value This paper is an original work that is related to the author’s current doctoral research that considers how listening expands visual comprehension.
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Istvanek, Matej, Zdenek Smekal, Lubomir Spurny, and Jiri Mekyska. "Enhancement of Conventional Beat Tracking System Using Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010379.
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Beat detection systems are widely used in the music information retrieval (MIR) research field for the computation of tempo and beat time positions in audio signals. One of the most important parts of these systems is usually onset detection. There is an understandable tendency to employ the most accurate onset detector. However, there are options to increase the global tempo (GT) accuracy and also the detection accuracy of beat positions at the expense of less accurate onset detection. The aim of this study is to introduce an enhancement of a conventional beat detector. The enhancement is based on the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO), which pre-processes the input audio signal before the spectral flux calculation. The proposed approach is first evaluated in terms of the ability to estimate the GT and beat positions accuracy of given audio tracks compared to the same conventional system without the proposed enhancement. The accuracy of the GT and average beat differences (ABD) estimation is tested on the manually labelled reference database. Finally, this system is used for analysis of a string quartet music database. Results suggest that the presence of the TKEO lowers onset detection accuracy but also increases the GT and ABD estimation. The average deviation from the reference GT in the reference database is 9.99 BPM (11.28%), which improves the conventional methodology, where the average deviation is 18.19 BPM (17.74%). This study has a pilot character and provides some suggestions for improving the beat tracking system for music analysis.
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Hao, Yiya, Yaobin Chen, Weiwei Zhang, Gong Chen, and Liang Ruan. "A real-time music detection method based on convolutional neural network using Mel-spectrogram and spectral flux." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (2021): 5910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-11599.
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Audio processing, including speech enhancement system, improves speech intelligibility and quality in real-time communication (RTC) such as online meetings and online education. However, such processing, primarily noise suppression and automatic gain control, is harmful to music quality when the captured signal is music instead of speech. A music detector can solve the issue above by switching off the speech processing when the music is detected. In RTC scenarios, the music detector should be low-complexity and cover various situations, including different types of music, background noises, and other acoustical environments. In this paper, a real-time music detection method with low-computation complexity is proposed, based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) using Mel-spectrogram and spectral flux as input features. The proposed method achieves overall 90.63% accuracy under different music types (classical music, instruments solos, singing-songs, etc.), speech languages (English and Mandarin), and noise types. The proposed method is constructed on a lightweight CNN model with a small feature size, which guarantees real-time processing.
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Luck, Geoff, and Petri Toiviainen. "Ensemble Musicians’ Synchronization With Conductors’ Gestures: An Automated Feature-Extraction Analysis." Music Perception 24, no. 2 (2006): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2006.24.2.189.
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Previous work suggests that the perception of a visual beat in conductors’ gestures is related to certain physical characteristics of the movements they produce, most notably to periods of negative acceleration, and low position in the vertical axis. These findings are based on studies that have presented participants with somewhat simple gestures, and in which participants have been required to simply tap in time with the beat. Thus, it is not clear how generalizable these findings are to real-world conducting situations, in which a conductor uses considerably more complex gestures to direct an ensemble of musicians playing actual instruments. The aims of the present study were to examine the features of conductors’ gestures with which ensemble musicians synchronize their performance in an ecologically valid setting and to develop automatic feature extraction methods for the analysis of audio and movement data. An optical motion capture system was used to record the gestures of an expert conductor directing an ensemble of expert musicians over a 20-minute period. A simultaneous audio recording of the performance of the ensemble was also made and synchronized with the motion capture data. Four short excerpts were selected for analysis, two in which the conductor communicated the beat with high clarity, and two in which the beat was communicated with low clarity. Twelve movement variables were computationally extracted from the movement data and cross-correlated with the pulse of the ensemble’s performance, the latter based on the spectral flux of the audio signal. Results of the analysis indicated that the ensemble’s performance tended to be most highly synchronized with periods of maximal deceleration along the trajectory, followed by periods of high vertical velocity (a higher correlation than deceleration but a longer delay).
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Purnomo, Endra Dwi, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Fitrian Imaduddin, Iwan Yahya, and Saiful Amri Mazlan. "Preliminary experimental evaluation of a novel loudspeaker featuring magnetorheological fluid surround absorber." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp922-928.
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<span>A novel design of magnetorheological fluids (MRF) based surround device in a loudspeaker system was studied in this article. The main objective of this research is to design a new surround device of the loudspeaker that can be easily controlled its damping. Therefore, it was predicted that the audio pressure level on the loudspeaker could be easily manipulated at a different sound source by applying a certain magnetic field. This function could not be reached using one conventional speaker system. Firstly, a set of an electromagnetic device containing MRF was designed to replace the conventional rubber surround. The magnetic circuit was then evaluated using the finite element method magnetics to study the flux distribution in the MRF area. The current was varied from 0.25 to 0.75 A by an interval of 0.25 A. The magnetic flux resulted from the simulation was then logged and used as the based value for predicting the change of shear yield stress. The base properties of the shear yield stress of the MRF against the magnetic flux was obtained from previous experimental result. Therefore, it was hopefully the prediction could be closed to the real system. Based on the simulation result, the shear yield stress varied from 43 to 49 Mpa or about 15 % increment. </span><span lang="IN">A simple experimental work was carried out. By applying particular direct current into the coil, the sound quality generated by the loudspeaker shows different values</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN"> Based on the preliminary experiment, the level of decibel decreased about 3 dB as the application of magnetic fields. The idea has been proven in this preliminary experimental evaluation.</span>
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Mauch, Matthias, Robert M. MacCallum, Mark Levy, and Armand M. Leroi. "The evolution of popular music: USA 1960–2010." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 5 (2015): 150081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150081.
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In modern societies, cultural change seems ceaseless. The flux of fashion is especially obvious for popular music. While much has been written about the origin and evolution of pop, most claims about its history are anecdotal rather than scientific in nature. To rectify this, we investigate the US Billboard Hot 100 between 1960 and 2010. Using music information retrieval and text-mining tools, we analyse the musical properties of approximately 17 000 recordings that appeared in the charts and demonstrate quantitative trends in their harmonic and timbral properties. We then use these properties to produce an audio-based classification of musical styles and study the evolution of musical diversity and disparity, testing, and rejecting, several classical theories of cultural change. Finally, we investigate whether pop musical evolution has been gradual or punctuated. We show that, although pop music has evolved continuously, it did so with particular rapidity during three stylistic ‘revolutions’ around 1964, 1983 and 1991. We conclude by discussing how our study points the way to a quantitative science of cultural change.
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Tardón, Lorenzo J., Ignacio Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Niels T. Haumann, Elvira Brattico, and Isabel Barbancho. "Music with Concurrent Saliences of Musical Features Elicits Stronger Brain Responses." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 9158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199158.
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Brain responses are often studied under strictly experimental conditions in which electroencephalograms (EEGs) are recorded to reflect reactions to short and repetitive stimuli. However, in real life, aural stimuli are continuously mixed and cannot be found isolated, such as when listening to music. In this audio context, the acoustic features in music related to brightness, loudness, noise, and spectral flux, among others, change continuously; thus, significant values of these features can occur nearly simultaneously. Such situations are expected to give rise to increased brain reaction with respect to a case in which they would appear in isolation. In order to assert this, EEG signals recorded while listening to a tango piece were considered. The focus was on the amplitude and time of the negative deflation (N100) and positive deflation (P200) after the stimuli, which was defined on the basis of the selected music feature saliences, in order to perform a statistical analysis intended to test the initial hypothesis. Differences in brain reactions can be identified depending on the concurrence (or not) of such significant values of different features, proving that coterminous increments in several qualities of music influence and modulate the strength of brain responses.
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Asghar, Awais, Sarmad Sohaib, Saman Iftikhar, Muhammad Shafi, and Kiran Fatima. "An Urdu speech corpus for emotion recognition." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (May 9, 2022): e954. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.954.
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Emotion recognition from acoustic signals plays a vital role in the field of audio and speech processing. Speech interfaces offer humans an informal and comfortable means to communicate with machines. Emotion recognition from speech signals has a variety of applications in the area of human computer interaction (HCI) and human behavior analysis. In this work, we develop the first emotional speech database of the Urdu language. We also develop the system to classify five different emotions: sadness, happiness, neutral, disgust, and anger using different machine learning algorithms. The Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Prediction Coefficient (LPC), energy, spectral flux, spectral centroid, spectral roll-off, and zero-crossing were used as speech descriptors. The classification tests were performed on the emotional speech corpus collected from 20 different subjects. To evaluate the quality of speech emotions, subjective listing tests were conducted. The recognition of correctly classified emotions in the complete Urdu emotional speech corpus was 66.5% with K-nearest neighbors. It was found that the disgust emotion has a lower recognition rate as compared to the other emotions. Removing the disgust emotion significantly improves the performance of the classifier to 76.5%.
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Martinović, Blaženka. "Croatian accentual norm at the beginning of the 21st century (from theory to practice and back)." Književni jezik, no. 31 (December 2020): 115–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33669/kj2020-31-06.
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Croatian accentual norm is in a constant state of flux. Its stability is impeded, first of all, by two mutually intertwined forces: the nature of the accentual norm, which belongs to speech (dynamic dimension, individual realisation), and the disagreement amongst linguists as to what to record and prescribe (in constant interaction between the stress accent and pitch accent systems). The modern accentual norm is obtained from non-orthoepical manuals, i.e. grammar books, dictionaries, handbooks (which further complicates the clarification of the orthoepical reality). We will conduct a comparative analysis of the approach, in modern handbooks, to accent alternations in morphology, falling accent in non-initial syllables in word formation, post-tonic length, uncertainties regarding lexical stress, etc. Grammar books and dictionaries approach the open questions in different ways and this paper gives an overview of the (systematic and non-systematic) solutions offered by linguists today, with the aim of presenting the dynamics of the codified norm (which carries the label of being “conservative” and “hidebound”). The changes in the modern norm are compared then to usus occurrences, illustrated by a narrower speech corpus – the speech of actors. In their orthoepical research, linguists resort to the speech of radio and television presenters, linguists in specialised radio and television programmes, students of the Croatian language or phonetics, Croatian language teachers, etc., and, more recently, to the speech of actors reading audio books (MP3 files are available at www.lektire.skole.hr). Presenters, teachers and actors have always been perceived as quintessential competent speakers of the standard language, so close observation of their speech as one of the steps in the process of describing and prescribing is the basis of every orthoepical research. Since the modern speech/pronunciation (e-lektira, audio versions of school reading list books available online) has still not been analysed and valorised linguistically/orthoepically, and since it is available to those learning and listening to speech values in this type of material, the paper turns to the corpus with the intention of determining the basic features of pronunciation. Prose texts whose pronunciation has been analysed are those written in or translated into the standard language. Special attention has been given to accent (stress placement and stress shift) and to the prosodic word. Specific pronunciation traits (especially those related to the accentual norm) have been compared to those prescribed in handbooks. Finally, the accentual traits acknowledged by the modern conception of accentual norm and codification were clarified as well as those that are systematically ignored in modern prescription.
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Kotarba, Joseph A., Lori Wiseman, and Kevin Wooten. "30718 Evaluating and advancing the CTSA external advisory board: Best practices." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.580.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: The goal of this evaluation study is to enhance the ability of the External Review Board to advise the CTSA at UTMB how to improve translational science activities. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the work of the External Review Board (EAB) for the Institute for Translational Sciences/CTSA at the University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston. This evaluation is conducted through the perceptions of professional and community board members. The outcome consists of an inventory of best practices. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We collected data by means of semi-structured interviews with all eight member of the EAB. The interviews were conducted via telephone, lasted approximately 30 minutes each, and were audio-recorded with respondents’ permission. Respondents’ identities were held in confidence. The IRB at UTMB reviewed our study. The interviews were transcribed. The data were analyzed by means of an inductively-oriented, grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006). Emergent themes led to the formation of a series of best practices. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Common concerns included the need for more extensive training for new members; circulation of the agenda before the meeting; and the value of more structured main leadership. The members generally agreed that the breakout groups were valuable because they encouraged them to engage in hands-on responses to practical problems. One of the key epistemological findings was the consensus view that the evaluation of the EAB should be an ongoing project, as opposed to a yearly task. This serious approach to evaluation would be conducive to a process analysis of the EAB, since medical, social, economic, and cultural conditions surrounding and influencing translational science are generally in flux (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic and the various stages in the CTSA grant). Overall, the EAB experience was quite positive for them. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The strongest sentiment expressed in the interviews was that the CTSA at UTMB should focus and build on its strength--the science of team science--as opposed to any concerted search for weaknesses that the term “evaluation” occasionally implies.
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Thacker, Eugene. "String Quartet No. 2 by Morton Feldman, performed by Flux Quartet. Mode Records, New York, 2002. Audio DVD or 5 CD set, 6 hr 7 min 7 sec. Mode 112/Feldman Edition 6. Distributor's web site: 〈http://www.moderecords.com/catalog/112feldman.html〉." Leonardo 41, no. 3 (2008): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2008.41.3.287.
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Adamenko, Yaroslav, Mirela Coman, and Tamara Kundelska. "ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK URBAN SYSTEM ACCORDING TO ACOUSTICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC LOAD FACTORS." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 31, no. 2 (2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2017.2.04.
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The article outlines the directions of the ecological safety formation on the territory of IvanoFrankivsk urban system according to acoustic and electromagnetic load factors. In order to provide an acoustically comfortable environment for inhabitants of the urban system the authors solved the following tasks: measurements of the equivalent sound level along the highways and near the residential buildings close to the roads were made; special attention was paid to the public transport stops where the audio-boxes of the "Street Radio " are located. In general, an equivalent sound level Leqv was measured at 165 points within the territory of Ivano-Frankivsk urban system. According to the research results separate zones (streets) with the greatest acoustic discomfort within the city were allocated, profiles of acoustic load distribution along main streets were built, taking into account the equivalent sound level in the green zones of the city which are located nearby. Using the software program Surfer a noise map for the territory of Ivano-Frankivsk was built. To ensure a comfortable living environment within the urban system according to the factor of electromagnetic load the following tasks were solved: isotropic measurements of the electromagnetic field components at 122 points of the test-ground were carried out. At each point in terms of maximum and average values the following parameters were measured: electric field strength (E, V/m); magnetic field strength (H, mA/m); surface energy flux density (W, mkW/cm2). Base cellular network stations were recorded, their contribution to the electromagnetic situation of the city was described. The maps of technogenic electromagnetic pollution were built with the help of the program Surfer for the spatial analysis of changes in the electromagnetic field levels within the urban system. Spline interpolation method was used to build the maps. Moreover, measurements of 5 basic test objects of the urban system were carried out, which are the most vulnerable to the electromagnetic field influence. According to the research results the schematic images of the electromagnetic field distribution inside the objects were built. The most sensitive zones within the test objects were determined. Thus, according to the analysis of the conducted research favorable zones for comfortable and safe residence in Ivano-Frankivsk urban system according to the factors of noise and electromagnetic pollution were determined.
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Dragomir, Robert Gabriel. "THE AUDIT OF THE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM WITHIN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FIELD." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 6, no. 2 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v6i2.532.
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The present paper speaks about the audit of the quality control system. First we exposed the general framework; the importance of information technology field under the actual development and challenges of the informatics systems. Then, we presented the national and international laws which regulate the audit of the informatics systems. Thirdly, we exposed the methodology of the audit for the quality system control in IT domain, describing its stages and flux diagram. In the end we jumped at the conclusions.
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Huang, Hua-Wei, Li-Lin Liu, K. Raghunandan, and Dasaratha V. Rama. "Auditor Industry Specialization, Client Bargaining Power, and Audit Fees: Further Evidence." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 26, no. 1 (2007): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2007.26.1.147.
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Casterella, Francis, Lewis, and Walker (CFLW 2004) find, using survey data from 1993, that (1) there is a Big 6 industry specialization audit fee premium in the small client segment of the U.S. audit market, but (2) audit fees decrease for large companies as the client becomes increasingly large relative to an auditor's clientele. In this study, we first replicate and confirm the results of CFLW (2004), using audit fee data from SEC filings for fiscal 2000 and 2001. In the post-SOX period, we find that the results related to specialization continue to hold in fiscal 2004 but not in 2003—suggesting that 2003 is perhaps a unique year due to the flux in the audit market following the enactment of SOX. With respect to client bargaining power, our results in the post-SOX period differ from CFLW (2004) in that we observe a negative association between client bargaining power and audit fees for both the small and large client segments.
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Liu, Qi, Bin Zhou, Jianyong Zhang, and Ruixue Cheng. "Development of Flue Gas Audio-Range Velocimeter Using Quadratic-Convex Frequency Sweeping." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 8 (2021): 9777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3055343.
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Joshi, Pratik M., Shekhar T. Shinde, and Kedarnath Chaudhary. "A Case Study on Assessment Performance and Energy Efficient Recommendations for Industrial Boiler." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 4 (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210410.
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As India is a developing country, industrialization is increasing day by day and there is a great need for industry energy audit. Audit helps to maintain and save energy from being wasted and helps in achieving highest efficiency of industrial equipment. This paper contains an actual industry audit report on boiler performance. This paper contains a report on Thermal analysis of boilers, thermal skin heat loss of boilers, O2 percentage control in flue gases to standard values, effect of coal additive, etc. This paper also contains a report on waste heat recovery options for thermal boiler, flue efficiency monitor, infrared thermometer, ultrasonic peak detector IR thermal imager. These equipment are used for energy assessment of boilers. Thermography survey of boiler surface is carried out to estimate the radiation and the other losses and the result of this total annual saving after insulation repairing or maintenance is Rs.8.48 lakh and investment is around Rs.6.31 lakh. Economizer performance of both the ISGEC and Thermax boiler can be improved with the help of suggested measures. It will help to save approximately rupees Rs.38.42 Lakh annually and investment on maintenance cost is negligible. In short, this paper deals with assessment of all boilers, evaluates their efficiencies and losses to identify energy saving opportunities and presents them in a report with their payback periods. Keywords: Energy, Energy audit, assessment, boiler.
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Tereshchenko, Maryna. "Conducting an audit using system modeling tools in the development of deposits of flux raw materials." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 4(54) (2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210766.
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Mustangin, Muhamad, and Saptyaji Harnowo. "AUDIT ENERGI LISTRIK DAN BOILER PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT KAPASITAS 60 TON/JAM." Jurnal Agro Fabrica 2, no. 1 (2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jaf.v2i1.139.
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Palm Oil Factory Energy consists of steam and electricity. To increase the performance, energy will to be audited. Electrical measurements are carried out at the power house, panels at each station and some electric motors. Measurement in the main panel uses a power quality analyzer that can measure power, power factor, harmonics, unbalance and other electrical parameters. For measurement of mechanical equipment with steam energy such as boilers and turbines using temperature measuring devices with infrared thermal imaging tools FLIR brand. The quality of electric power with a total harmonic of 5.12% and individual harmonics of 2.78%. Voltage and current unbalance are 0.09% and 0.15%. Voltage drop is equal to 3 volts. The use of electricity utilities is 22.81 kW / ton FFB. The factory has cos phi of 0.84 but requires automatic power factor correction. The efficiency of boilers is 64.19% with the biggest losses being dry flue gas of 20.19% and oyher boiler of 67.82% with the biggest losses being dry flue gas of 16.45%.
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Fatman, Luvo, and Pamela M. Michelow. "Thyroid Cytopathology with an Emphasis on the ‘Atypical Cells of Uncertain Significance' Category: A 3-Year Audit with Cytohistologic Correlation." Acta Cytologica 59, no. 1 (2015): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369331.
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Background: The National Cancer Institute meeting of 2007 resulted in the reporting terminology for thyroid cytopathology. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) aims to standardise thyroid cytopathology reporting for cytology centres and clinicians alike. Study Objective: To compare our laboratory's performance against TBSRTC. The second aim was to determine our laboratory's atypia of undetermined significance/follicular cells of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) reporting rate and malignant outcomes. Our laboratory subclassifies the AUS/FLUS category into AUS/FLUS not otherwise specified (NOS) and AUS/FLUS cannot exclude malignancy. Materials: All thyroid reports were retrieved from our computerised database for the period of January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2011. Histologic correlation was obtained where available, and cases were classified according to their original diagnosis into 1 of the 6 categories of TBSRTC. Results: A total of 1,767 cases were retrieved. The categories were as follows: inadequate (n = 415; 23%), benign (n = 1,063; 60%), AUS/FLUS (n = 141; 8%) [NOS (n = 93; 5%) and cannot exclude malignancy (n = 48; 3%)] suspicious for follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasm (n = 68; 4%), suspicious for malignancy (n = 37; 2%) and malignant (n = 43; 2%). The malignant rates for the categories were as follows: -6 (26%), 0 (0%), 8 (40%), 9 (38%), 11 (42%), 15 (62.5%), and 15 (94%), respectively. Conclusion: We have shown that the AUS category carries a higher malignant rate than that of the AUS category in TBSRTC of 5-15%. We conclude that subclassifying the AUS/FLUS category into NOS and cannot exclude malignancy helps to better identify patients with an increased risk of malignancy in the AUS/FLUS cannot exclude malignancy category.
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Manandhar, Sanish, Sushana Bajracharya, Sanjeev Karki, and Ashish Kumar Jha. "Hand Gesture Vocalizer for Dumb and Deaf People." SCITECH Nepal 14, no. 1 (2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scitech.v14i1.25530.
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The main purpose of this paper is to confer the system that converts a given sign used by disabled person into its appropriate textual, audio, and pictorial form using components such as Arduino Mega, Flex sensors, Accelerometer, which could be under standby a common person. A wearable glove controller is design with fl ex sensors attached on each finger, which allows the system to sense the finger movements, and aGy-61 accelerometer, which are uses to sense the hand movement of the disabled person. The wearable input glove controller sends the collected input signal to the system for processing. The system uses Random forest algorithm to predict the correct output to an accuracy of 85% on current training model.
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Mahajan, Swati, Radhika Srinivasan, Arvind Rajwanshi, et al. "Risk of Malignancy and Risk of Neoplasia in the Bethesda Indeterminate Categories: Study on 4,532 Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspirations from a Single Institution in India." Acta Cytologica 61, no. 2 (2017): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000470825.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of category 3 (atypia of undetermined significance [AUS]/follicular lesion of undetermined significance [FLUS]), category 4 (follicular neoplasm), and category 5 (suspicious for malignancy) of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), the risk of malignancy (ROM) and the risk of neoplasia (RON) in these categories. Study Design: A retrospective 6-year audit of 4,532 thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNA) reported as per the TBSRTC from a single institution with cytohistological correlation in 335 cases. Results: The frequency of categories 3, 4, and 5 was 2.5, 3.9, and 0.5%, respectively; the upper and lower bound estimates of ROM being 58.3, 23.6, 75% and 5.1, 5, and 12.5%, respectively. AUS/FLUS (n = 116) cases were subcategorized as AUS, AUS-HC (Hürthle cell), AUS-PTC (AUS-papillary thyroid carcinoma not excluded), FLUS, FLUS-FH (favor hyperplasia), FLUS-HC, and FLUS-PTC. The AUS/FLUS malignancy ratio was 1:3.8. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of FNA thyroid was 80.5, 85.9, 80.7, 85.7, and 82.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Implementation of TBSRTC aided in achieving internal quality control in reporting thyroid FNA cytology. The AUS/FLUS frequency was 2.5%, which is at the lower range of the recommended rate and was associated with a higher than recommended upper bound estimate, but a comparable lower bound estimate of ROM.
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Costa, Sérgio Cavaleiro, Isabel Malico, Rui Pedro Monteiro Lima, and Luís Rato. "Numerical Simulation of a Large-Scale Industrial Billet Heating Furnace with Direct Flame Impingement." Defect and Diffusion Forum 407 (March 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.407.11.
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Numerical simulations of a billet heating furnace with direct flame impingement operating in a metallurgical plant were carried out and the results compared to measurements obtained in an industrial environment. The transport equations for mass, momentum, energy and mass of chemical species in reactive flow were computed with the use of ANSYS FLUENT. Turbulence, combustion and radiation were modeled using, respectively, the realizable k-ε model, the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation model and the finite volume scheme. The model was used to simulate the furnace operating under the conditions that occurred during an energy audit carried out at an industrial facility (413 kW firing rate and 80% excess air). The predicted furnace efficiency, 72.5%, is in very good agreement with the one obtained in the energy audit (0.4% difference). The flue gas temperature at the end of the second preheating zone was measured during the energy audit and its value compared to the one predicted. In this case, the agreement between measurements and simulation is not so satisfactory (23% difference). This paper presents the validation of a CFD model of a direct-flame impingement furnace for billet heating in a full-scale industrial situation, which was not previously published, and opens the way for more simulations and detailed studies of the phenomena that occur inside this type of furnace.
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Viswanathan G, Kasi, Sathya Seelan C, and S. Praveen Kumar. "A Novel Approach on Communication between Blind, Deaf and Dumb People using flex Sensors and Bluetooth." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (2018): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16165.
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The recent development in many technologies have been playing a major role in satisfying people’s lives for their daily need. But still few people are suffering due to some problems. They are blind, deaf and dumb people who are unable to communicate properly with others or among themselves. And we know that there are millions of people who are blind, deaf and dumb in this world. And we know that they use sign language to communicate but only few people can be able to understand. So this project introduces a system that can be used to improve the communication among blind, deaf and dumb people. This project introduces an idea that communication can be done using flex sensors and Bluetooth using ARDUINO boards. Flex sensors are fixed with the gloves such that it can be bent along with the movement of fingers and then it is connected to ARDUINO. Then LCD and Audio Playback Recorder module is connected to ARDUINO and then coding is done such that if flex sensor is bent, a specified message is displayed on LCD and can be played in speaker through APR module. Here coding is done using a software ARDUINO IDE. We can also send text message through android smart phone which will be displayed on LCD, this can be done by connecting Bluetooth module to ARDUINO and message can be sent through an app by connecting to Bluetooth. We are also using GPS module to track the present location which will be displayed on LCD in terms of latitude and longitudinal degrees.
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Browarska, Natalia, Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk, Jaroslaw Zygarlicki, et al. "Comparison of Smoothing Filters’ Influence on Quality of Data Recorded with the Emotiv EPOC Flex Brain–Computer Interface Headset during Audio Stimulation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010098.
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Off-the-shelf, consumer-grade EEG equipment is nowadays becoming the first-choice equipment for many scientists when it comes to recording brain waves for research purposes. On one hand, this is perfectly understandable due to its availability and relatively low cost (especially in comparison to some clinical-level EEG devices), but, on the other hand, quality of the recorded signals is gradually increasing and reaching levels that were offered just a few years ago by much more expensive devices used in medicine for diagnostic purposes. In many cases, a well-designed filter and/or a well-thought signal acquisition method improve the signal quality to the level that it becomes good enough to become subject of further analysis allowing to formulate some valid scientific theories and draw far-fetched conclusions related to human brain operation. In this paper, we propose a smoothing filter based upon the Savitzky–Golay filter for the purpose of EEG signal filtering. Additionally, we provide a summary and comparison of the applied filter to some other approaches to EEG data filtering. All the analyzed signals were acquired from subjects performing visually involving high-concentration tasks with audio stimuli using Emotiv EPOC Flex equipment.
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Chen, Yan Li, and Li Hui Chen. "An Empirical Study on Predicting Financial Risk of Listed Companies." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.1267.
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Financial crisis early warning analysis is a matter of grave social and economic concern. It is important for enterprises, commercial banks and various investors. This is an exploratory study to determine if financial ratios of crisis companies differ from those of no crisis companies. The crisis firms (n=63) were then matched with no crisis firms on the basis of firm size, time period, and industry. Using this matched-pairs design, choose 63 listed companies, which are marked ST companies because of abnormal financial standing in Shanghai and Shenzhen in 2006, form the financial crisis samples, and choose some similar sized listed companies in same industry as matching samples, Taking the index of property liabilities ratio, audit opinion, finance lever ratio, gross property net profit ratio, sales revenue growth ratio and cash flux to current liability ratio as the final variants, set up the discriminant model by Fisher’ coefficient, conduct the case analysis of financial crisis early warning. These results provide empirical evidence of the limited ability of financial ratios to detect and predict crisis financial reporting.
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Liu, Mingxiao, Samuel Wilder, Sean Sanford, Soha Saleh, Noam Y. Harel, and Raviraj Nataraj. "Training with Agency-Inspired Feedback from an Instrumented Glove to Improve Functional Grasp Performance." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041173.
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Sensory feedback from wearables can be effective to learn better movement through enhanced information and engagement. Facilitating greater user cognition during movement practice is critical to accelerate gains in motor function during rehabilitation following brain or spinal cord trauma. This preliminary study presents an approach using an instrumented glove to leverage sense of agency, or perception of control, to provide training feedback for functional grasp. Seventeen able-bodied subjects underwent training and testing with a custom-built sensor glove prototype from our laboratory. The glove utilizes onboard force and flex sensors to provide inputs to an artificial neural network that predicts achievement of “secure” grasp. Onboard visual and audio feedback was provided during training with progressively shorter time delay to induce greater agency by intentional binding, or perceived compression in time between an action (grasp) and sensory consequence (feedback). After training, subjects demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in movement pathlength and completion time for a functional task involving grasp-move-place of a small object. Future work will include a model-based algorithm to compute secure grasp, virtual reality immersion, and testing with clinical populations.
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Saidur, R. "Energy savings and emission reductions in industrial boilers." Thermal Science 15, no. 3 (2011): 705–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci091014046s.
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In this paper energy use of boiler fan motors has been estimated using energy audit data. Energy savings using VSD by modulating fan speed has been estimated as well. Bill savings and associated emission reductions using VSD have been estimated and presented in this paper. It has been found that 139,412 MWh, 268,866, 159,328 MWh, and 99,580 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 60% speed reduction. Corresponding bill savings for the aforementioned energy savings have been found to be US$7,318,335, US$14,113,933, US$8,363,812, and US135,911,944 for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 60% speed reduction. Along with energy savings, 69,770,744 kg, 134,558,329 kg, 79,738,065 kg, 49,836,603 kg of CO2 emission can be avoided for the associated energy savings as a result of energy savings using VSD for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings. Moreover, 32,503,558 GJ of fossil fuel can be saved for the flue gas temperature reduction as a result of reducing fan motor speed reduction. Flue gas energy savings for oxegen trim system has been estimated and found to be 549,310,130 GJ for 16.9% of excess air reduction with payback period less than a day.
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Deryhlazov, L. V., V. M. Kukharenko, L. P. Perkhun, and N. M. Tovmachenko. "The Models of Distance Forms of Learning in National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit." Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.3.2017.10.
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Finding solutions to the problems faced by the Ukrainian education system require an adequate organizing structure for education system, enabling for transition to the principle of life-long education. The best option for this is the distance learning systems (DLS), which are considered by leading Ukrainian universities as high-performance information technologies in modern education, envisaged by the National Informatization Program, with the goals of reforming higher education in Ukraine in the context of joining the European educational area. The experience of implementing DLS “Prometheus” and Moodle and the main directions of distance learning development at the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit (NASAA) are analyzed and summed up. The emphasis is made on the need to improve the skills of teachers with use of open distance courses and gradual preparation of students for the learning process in the new conditions. The structure of distance courses for different forms of education (full-time, part-time, and blended) is built. The forms of learning (face-to-face, the driver complementary, rotation model; flex model, etc.) are analyzed. The dynamic version of implementing blended learning models in NASAA using DLS “Prometheus” and Moodle is presented. It is concluded that the experience of NASAA shows that the blended form of distance learning based on Moodle platform is the most adequate to the requirements of Ukraine’s development within the framework of European education.
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Glavaš, Hrvoje, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Ivana Haničar Buljan, and Tomislav Barić. "Locating Hidden Elements in Walls of Cultural Heritage Buildings by Using Infrared Thermography." Buildings 9, no. 2 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020032.
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The structure of Tvrđa and its buildings date back to the Middle Ages. Tvrđa represents the Old Town of the city of Osijek and the best-preserved and largest ensemble of Baroque buildings in Croatia. After the withdrawal of the Ottomans in 1687, during the 18th century, the Austro-Hungarian administration systematically formed a new fortification system, regulated streets and squares and built a large number of military objects. Tvrđa took its present form in the 19th century and has kept it since then. Investigating the historical development of individual buildings, in addition to archival sources and existing architectural documentation, the obvious source of information are the buildings themselves. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibilities of using infrared thermography to find structural elements and hidden openings in historic buildings in Osijek’s Tvrđa. This paper describes the exploration of the 18th century openings on the facades of the former Kostić houses. The facades were bricked into the walls in the 19th century because houses were reused and their purposes changed from commercial to residential. Infrared thermography is often a starting, nondestructive testing method (NDT) for building analyses. This paper presents thermographic analyses of two buildings. The analyses were carried out in December 2017 and January 2018. Using a steady-state thermographic analysis of a building envelope as the first step, the audit was continued with step heating (SH) of an interest point where changes in a thermal pattern were expected due to additional bricking. Heat flux was generated by the usage of a heat gun for paint removal.
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Alaghmand, S., S. Beecham, and A. Hassanli. "Fully integrated physically-based numerical modelling of impacts of groundwater extraction on surface and irrigation-induced groundwater interactions: case study Lower River Murray, Australia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 4 (2013): 3577–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-3577-2013.
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Abstract. Combination of reduction in the frequency, duration and magnitude of natural floods, rising saline water-table in floodplains and excessive evapotranspiration have led to an irrigation-induced groundwater mound forced the naturally saline groundwater onto the floodplain in the Lower River Murray. It is during the attenuation phase of floods that these large salt accumulations are likely to be mobilised and will discharge into the river. The Independent Audit Group for Salinity highlighted this as the most significant risk in the Murray–Darling Basin. South Australian government and catchment management authorities have developed salt interception schemes (SIS). This is to pump the highly saline groundwater from the floodplain aquifer to evaporation basins in order to reduce the hydraulic gradient that drives the regional saline groundwater towards the River Murray. This paper investigates the interactions between a river (River Murray in South Australia) and a saline semi-arid floodplain (Clarks Floodplain) significantly influenced by groundwater lowering (Bookpurnong SIS). Results confirm that groundwater extraction maintain a lower water-table and more fresh river water flux to the saline floodplain aquifer. In term of salinity, this may lead to less amount of solute stored in the floodplain aquifer. This occurs through two mechanisms; extracting some of the solute mass from the system and changing the floodplain groundwater regime from a losing to gaining one. Finally, it is shown that groundwater extraction is able to remove some amount of solute stored in the unsaturated zone and mitigate the floodplain salinity risk.
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Ullah, Khan Rahmat, Marudhappan Thirugnanasambandam, Rahman Saidur, Kazi Akikur Rahman, and Md Riaz Kayser. "Analysis of Energy Use and Energy Savings: A Case Study of a Condiment Industry in India." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164798.
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Electric motors and boilers lead the industrial components which consume the largest portion of energy in an industry. This study explores the energy audit data of the condiment industry in India. The study mainly focuses on the estimation of the load factor, energy use, energy savings and annual bill savings with payback period of the electric motors of the plant. During the audit, it was found that there were several motors running under loaded conditions despite non-availability of variable speed drives installed in the plant. Therefore, variable speed drives are recommended to be installed to save energy by reducing the motors speed by up to 60%. According to the estimation, about 276 MWh, 551 MWh and 827 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 20%, 40% and 60% speed reduction of the motors using variable speed drives, respectively, where in most of the cases the payback period remains below 1 year. Furthermore, some suggestions are made to improve the poor power factor of running motors by using capacitor banks to save the reactive power. Besides, an estimation of energy saving is performed with a 2-ton capacity boiler. Since, there was no heat recovery system in the boiler; an air-preheater is suggested to be installed at the end of flue gas exhausting path of the boiler with the purpose of saving 68 tons of fuel per annum and having a payback period of 12 months. Moreover, a digital monitoring system, namely, “The Smart Joules” has been proposed to be installed in the plant aiming at saving about 3–5% of total energy per annum and having a payback period of 19 months. Finally, a summarization is made concluding in the fact that about 90 MWh energy and 95 tons of fuel can be saved (excluding motor energy savings) per annum by implementing proposed measures with a payback period of 15 months.
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Marcus, Daniel C., Hiroshi Sunose, Jianzhong Liu, Zhijun Shen, and Margaret A. Scofield. "P2U purinergic receptor inhibits apical IsK/KvLQT1 channel via protein kinase C in vestibular dark cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 273, no. 6 (1997): C2022—C2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.6.c2022.
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Vestibular dark cells (VDC) are known to electrogenically secrete K+ via slowly activating K+(IsK) channels, consisting of IsK regulatory and KvLQT1 channel subunits, and the associated short-circuit current ( I sc) is inhibited by agonists of the apical P2U(P2Y2) receptor (J. Liu, K. Kozakura, and D. C. Marcus. Audit. Neurosci. 2: 331–340, 1995). Measurements of relative K+ flux ( J K) with a self-referencing K+-selective probe demonstrated a decrease in J K after apical perfusion of 100 μM ATP. On-cell macropatch recordings from gerbil VDC showed a decrease of the IsKchannel current ( I IsK) by 83 ± 7% during pipette perfusion of 10 μM ATP. The magnitude of the decrease of I scby ATP was diminished in the presence of inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC), U-73122 and GF109203X. Activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 20 nM) decreased I IsK by 79 ± 3% in perforated-patch whole cell recordings, whereas the inactive analog, 4α-PMA, had no effect. In contrast, elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by A-23187 increased the whole cell I IsK . The expression of the isk gene transcript was confirmed, and the serine responsible for the species-specific response to PKC was found to be present in the gerbil IsKsequence. These data provide evidence consistent with a direct effect of the PKC branch of the PLC pathway on the IsK channel of VDC in response to activation of the apical P2Ureceptor and predict that the secretion of endolymph in the human vestibular system may be controlled by PKC in the same way as in our animal model.
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Miler-Virc, Aniko, and Zdravko Glusica. "ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CERTIFICATION." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 3 (2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i3.25.
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ISO 14001 prescribes the requirements for a system, not environmental performance itself. Similarly, certification is of the management system itself, not environmental performance. An audit is not conducted to ascertain whether your flue gas emissions are less than X part per million nitrous oxide or that your wastewater effluent contains less that Y milligrams of bacteria per litre. Consequently, the procces of auditing the system for compliance to the standard entails checking to see that all of the necessary components of a functioning system are present and working properly. A company can have a complete and fully functional EMS as prescribed by ISO 14001 without being certified. As certification can add to the time and expense of EMS development, it is important for you to establish, in advance, whether certification is of net benefit to you. Although most companies that develop an EMS do in fact certify, there are cases where certification does not add immediate value. Certification is not always beneficial to small and medium sized companies. Certification is not always necessary for companies with one or two large clients with environmental demands who are satisfied that you have a functional EMS (second-party declaration). Whatever decision you make, it is important to remember that just as a driver′s licence does not automatically make you a good driver, ISO 14001 certification does not automatically make your company environmentally benign or ensure that you will continually improve environmental performance. The system is only as good as the people who operate it.
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Ring, Sorcha, Derbrenn O'Connor, Niamh Cooney, and Brian Richard Bird. "Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score to predict early reduced relative dose intensity in patients receiving oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e18125-e18125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18125.
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e18125 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly treated in both adjuvant and palliative settings with Oxaliplatin. Painful peripheral neuropathy resulting in dose adjustments is a well recognized side effect in up to 30% of cases. Relative dose intensity (RDI), an expression of the percentage of planned dose received at a scheduled time, is a tool used to measure how closely a prescription has been adhered to. Studies have suggested a decreased RDI (<85%) is associated with inferior outcomes. The aim of this study was to calculate the RDI for CRC patients undergoing treatment with Oxaliplatin, to investigate reasons for dose delays and reductions and to calculate a Charlson Co-Morbidity Index Score (CCIS) for each patient Methods: CRC patients treated with Oxaliplatin from 2010-2016 within the BSHC were identified using pharmacy lists and pathology reports. The following exclusion criteria were applied: non first line Oxaliplatin and excluding cycles after three months. Data was obtained through a systematic, retrospective chart review. An audit of the chemotherapy prescriptions allowed the RDI to be calculated and the CCIS was calculated using a colorectal specific Index previously described. Results: We identified 176 eligible patients, 83 charts were available for review and 69 charts contained all necessary information to be included. Xelox (61%), Folfox-6 (35%) and Flox (4%) were the chemotherapy agents involved in this study. The average RDI achieved was 87.47%, with a range of 25%-103.17%. The primary cause for dose adjustments was peripheral neuropathy (64%). The CCIS range was 0 -3, with results demonstrating a significant connection between a higher CCI and lower RDI, see table 1. Conclusions: A CCIS ≤ 1 correlates to achieving a higher RDI, with each of these subgroups achieving above the acceptable cut off for RDI (>85%), as such certain co-morbidities may be early predictors of reduced RDI. [Table: see text]
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Nandedkar, Vaishali. "Audio Retrieval Using Multiple Feature Vectors." International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering, July 2012, 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijeee.2012.1005.
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Content Based Audio Retrieval system is very helpful to facilitate users to find the target audio materials. Audio signals are classified into speech, music, several types of environmental sounds and silence based on audio content analysis. The extracted audio features include temporal curves of the average zero-crossing rate, the spectral Centroid, the spectral flux, as well as spectral roll-off of these curves. In this dissertation we have used the four features for extracting the audio from the database, use of this multiple features increase the accuracy of the audio file which we are retrieving from the audio database.
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Kerchner, H. R., R. Feenstra, J. O. Thomson, et al. "Magnetic Flux Pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 Films." MRS Proceedings 169 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-169-903.
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AbstractThe magnetic hysteresis was studied for YBa2Cu3O7 films of different epitaxial orientations on single-crystal SrTiO3 and KTaO3 substrates. Deposition by coevaporation of Y, BaF2, and Cu was followed by annealing in flowing, wet oxygen at 800-850°C. The critical current density Jc deduced from magnetic hysteresis loops was compared with four-terminal transport-current results. Thermally activated magnetic flux flow was manifest in the audio-frequency data. Jc fits a scaling law similar to one used for describing Nb3Sn and other A15 materials.
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"Geometrical Model of Fixed Parts and Movable Parts Projected Shaft Star of SIRM by GA and Conventional Method to Minimize the Pulling Force Fluctuation." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 2S4 (2019): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b1188.1292s419.
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In this article, focus on modeling of switched reluctance motor (SiRM) The flux assets of the iron, the number of phases, and the number of projected portion per phase all have a irregular properties on this Devices. These possessions, along with the sizing of the Device cover and internal scopes, kind the Device project an insight-intensive struggle. Enlargement of pulling force density, power output, and lowering location of pulling force fluctuation, heat escalation, audio sound. A design organization that exploits the desired features and reduces the undesirable effects is obtainable here. Static and dynamic system-level simulations and finite-element analysis have been accepted out for a 3-phase 6/4 2.4-kW SIRM, at various rated electrons flow assessment for both conventional design and genetic procedure design methods and the results were verified using standard reproductions. The result seems to be stirring. The results demonstrate suitable projected shaft star Curve and movable parts Curve of a pulling force –fluctuation minimized SiRM drive.
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"Precursory Response of Low Frequency Signals for Detection of Seismic Rapture in Indian Region." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9 (2019): 1847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i8249.078919.
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Recognition of seismic precursors is exigent task. Its study depends upon the environmental parameters, ground motion emissions (Low frequency signals), geological and tectonic structure. The theory of signal conductivity of two crust model between the epicenter region and above the ground surface calculated the amplitude enhancement of electromagnetic emissions. Extremely low frequency signals generate due to seismic emissions and penetrate the crystal layer to change the earth’s surrounding and upper atmosphere conditions. These outputs are used to correlate the seismogenic VLF signals (f=3 KHz), which are recorded by borehole antenna system. It is observed that the low frequency signals goes to vertically and accumulated as low conductivity medium in the outer most layer through which transmitted to the atmosphere. The seismogenic ULF emissions, DEMETER satellite data, TEC anomalies, ionospheric disturbances and bio-electric amplitude was recorded at places nearby active fault line in Indian region and it is used to recognized the pre- seismic behaviour. We have also observed the stimulus data (solar flux, audio frequency signals, or electric charge emissions) as abnormal signals. These relations are verified and correlated by statistical analysis with null hypothesis testing and power spectrum magnitude which is helping us to understand the precursory signature of earthquakes.
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Mounir, Mina, Peter Karsmakers, and Toon van Waterschoot. "Musical note onset detection based on a spectral sparsity measure." EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2021, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13636-021-00214-7.
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AbstractIf music is the language of the universe, musical note onsets may be the syllables for this language. Not only do note onsets define the temporal pattern of a musical piece, but their time-frequency characteristics also contain rich information about the identity of the musical instrument producing the notes. Note onset detection (NOD) is the basic component for many music information retrieval tasks and has attracted significant interest in audio signal processing research. In this paper, we propose an NOD method based on a novel feature coined as Normalized Identification of Note Onset based on Spectral Sparsity (NINOS2). The NINOS2 feature can be thought of as a spectral sparsity measure, aiming to exploit the difference in spectral sparsity between the different parts of a musical note. This spectral structure is revealed when focusing on low-magnitude spectral components that are traditionally filtered out when computing note onset features. We present an extensive set of NOD simulation results covering a wide range of instruments, playing styles, and mixing options. The proposed algorithm consistently outperforms the baseline Logarithmic Spectral Flux (LSF) feature for the most difficult group of instruments which are the sustained-strings instruments. It also shows better performance for challenging scenarios including polyphonic music and vibrato performances.
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Madura, E. "SMART AUDIO GLOVES FOR DEAF AND DUMB PEOPLE." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06, no. 05 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem12825.
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Deaf-Mute people at some stage in the globe use gesture-based communication to talk with others, this can be possible for the people WHO have tough distinctive coaching. Everyday voters face bother in understanding the linguistic communication. To defeat these continuous problems, this framework is made. At no matter purpose the framework detects any gesture-based communication, it plays comparison recorded voice. This diminishes the correspondence hole among customary people and allows a free flow of interactions between public voters. This model contains of 3 modules, they are detecting unit, handling unit and voice stockpiling unit. This endeavor utilizes a flex device and WTV-SR voice recorder. KEYWORDS: linguistic communication, Gesture based mostly Communication, Flex device, Recorded Voice.
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Neeraj Pandagre and Jasim Aboobacker. "Energy Audit: Case Study of a Flex Manufacturing Company." International Journal of Engineering Research and V4, no. 03 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.17577/ijertv4is031013.
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"Generating an Audio and Text for Indian Sign Language." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 3 (2020): 4371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c6542.029320.
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Every normal people have the ability to observe and respond to the environment. Nearby are several unlucky persons who doesn’t encompass this principal blessing. Deaf and Dumb people have to communicate with normal people, it’s a challenging task. Sign Language is designed for deaf and dump people to convey message to the society. Sign Language Recognition is a technology which is used to identify human gestures with the help of Arduino uno. Gesture recognition based on the corresponding gesture symbol produces an audio & text output. The flex sensor is used to recognize the hand gestures. Recognized gesture is transferred to the Arduino uno and the output is generated. By using these techniques we can implement an efficient audio & text output for physically challenged people. Our technology consists of glove which will be worn by dumb people to communicate with normal people. The proposed prototype could also serve as an intermediate between deaf and dump people and normal people in everyday life such as bank or post office. The output will be displayed using LCD and also produces a speech signal.
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Banifateme, Mohsen, Ali Behbahaninia, and Saeed Sayadi. "Development of a Loss Method for Energy and Exergy Audit of Condensing Hot Water Boilers." Journal of Energy Resources Technology, December 22, 2020, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4049415.
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Abstract Condensing boilers are used in commercial and residential buildings extensively. In this paper, a loss method is proposed to estimate the energy and exergy efficiencies of condensing hot water boilers. The presented method is based on the development of the method presented in ASME PTC 4.1. Energy loss terms consist of exhaust flue gas, carbon monoxide formation, radiation, and condensate outflow sensible heat. Exergy loss terms also include radiation losses, physical exergy of the exhaust flue gas, chemical exergy of the exhaust flue gas, increase in the chemical exergy of the flue gas due to carbon monoxide formation, condensate outflow exergy, boiler exergy destruction, and economizer exergy destruction. Energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated by estimation of these loss terms. To depict the method 's capability and compare results with the direct method, an experimental setup was designed and constructed. Results of energy and exergy audition of the boiler by applying the loss method are compared with the direct method. The results show that, although the condensing economizer improves energy efficiency, it does not improve the exergy efficiency significantly. The energy and exergy efficiencies were calculated 98.65 and 5.14 percent, respectively.
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Tao, Guihe, Kiran Kekre, Maung Htun Oo, Bala Viswanath, Aliman MD Yusof, and Harry Seah. "Energy Reduction and Optimisation in Membrane Bioreactor Systems." Water Practice and Technology 5, no. 4 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2010.088.
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One of the major components of MBR operating expenditure is energy consumption. This paper presents our six-year journey of energy reduction and optimization in MBR systems through various pilot and demonstration studies. Through comprehensive and systematic MBR optimisation studies, the specific energy consumption was reduced from 1.3 kWh m−3 to less than 0.8 kWh m−3 by increasing membrane flux and reducing aeration at 300 m3 per day pilot scale plants. Through energy audit, the key energy consumption components including process aeration, membrane scouring rate, SRT, MLSS level, MLSS recirculation, and energy efficient equipment selection were identified, and these were optimised one by one at 23,000 m3 per day municipal scale MBR demonstration plant after the baseline had been set up. The specific energy consumption was further reduced to 0.37 kWh m−3.
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R, Gayathri, K. Sheela Sobana Rani, and R. Lavanya. "Smart Finger Gesture Recognition System for Silent Speakers." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, July 15, 2019, 238–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/cseit195418.
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Silent speakers face a lot of problems when it comes to communicate their thoughts and views. Furthermore, only few people know the sign language of these silent speakers. They tend to feel awkward to take part any exercises with the typical individuals. They require gesture based communication mediators for their interchanges. The solution to this problem is to provide them a better way to take their message across, “Smart Finger Gesture Recognition System for Silent Speakers” which has been proposed. Instead of using sign language, gesture recognition is done with the help of finger movements. The system consists of data glove, flex sensors, raspberry pi. The flex sensors are fitted on the data gloves and it is used to recognize the finger gestures. Then the ADC module is used to convert the analog values into digital form. After signal conversion, the value is given to Raspberry Pi 3, and it converts the signals into audio output as well as text format using software tool. The proposed framework limits correspondence boundary between moronic individuals and ordinary individuals. Therefore, the recognized finger gestures are conveyed into speech and text so that the normal people can easily communicate with dumb people.
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Tsoi, Vivian, Norman Dewhurst, and Elaine Tom. "Evaluation of Standardization of Transfer of Accountability between Inpatient Pharmacists." Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 71, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v71i2.1859.
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<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>A compelling body of evidence supports the notion that transfer of accountability (TOA) improves communication, continuity of care, and patient safety. TOA involves the transmission and receipt of information between clinicians at each transition of care. Without a notification system alerting pharmacists to patient transfers, pharmacists’ ability to seek out and complete TOA may be hindered. A standardized policy and process for TOA, with automated workflow, was implemented at the study hospital in 2015, to ensure consistency and timeliness of documentation by pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate pharmacists’ adherence to and satisfaction with the TOA policy and process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective audit was conducted, using a random sample of individuals who were inpatients between June 2014 and February 2016. Transition points for TOA were identified, and the computerized pharmacy system was reviewed to determine whether TOA had been documented at each transition point. After the audit, an online survey was distributed to assess pharmacists’ response to and satisfaction with the TOA policy and workflow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before the TOA workflow was implemented, TOA documentation by pharmacists ranged from 11% (10/93) to 43% (48/111) of transitions. Eight months after implementation of the workflow, the rate of TOA documentation was 87% (68/78), exceeding the institution’s target of 70%. Of the 32 pharmacists surveyed, most were satisfied with the TOA policy and agreed that the standardized workflow was simple to use, increased the number of TOAs provided and received, and improved the quality of completed TOAs. Respondents also indicated that the TOA workflow had improved patient care (mean score 4.09/5, standard deviation 0.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The standardized TOA policy and process were well received by pharmacists, and resulted in consistent TOA documentation and a TOA documentation rate that exceeded the institutional target.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>Un nombre imposant de données probantes viennent appuyer l’idée que le transfert de responsabilité (TDR) améliore la communication, la continuité des soins et la sécurité des patients. Le TDR consiste en la transmission et la réception d’information entre cliniciens à chaque transfert des soins. Sans système de notification informant les pharmaciens d’un transfert de patient, leur capacité de trouver et de réaliser un TDR pourrait être restreinte. Une politique et un processus normalisés de TDR, comprenant une automatisation du flux de travaux, ont été mis en place en 2015 dans l’hôpital à l’étude afin d’assurer que la consignation par les pharmaciens soit uniforme et opportune.</p><p><strong>Objectif : </strong>Évaluer dans quelle mesure les pharmaciens respectent la politique et le processus de TDR, et en sont satisfaits.</p><p><strong>Méthodes : </strong>Un audit rétrospectif a été mené à l’aide d’un échantillon aléatoire composé de patients hospitalisés entre juin 2014 et février 2016. Les points de transition pour le TDR ont été recensés et le système informatique de la pharmacie a été consulté pour déterminer si le TDR avait été consigné à chaque point de transition. Après l’audit, un sondage en ligne a été envoyé aux pharmaciens pour évaluer leurs réactions à l’égard de la politique de TDR ainsi que du flux de travaux correspondant et pour connaître leur degré de satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Résultats : </strong>Avant la mise en place du flux de travaux associé au TDR, la fréquence de consignation du TDR par les pharmaciens variait entre 11 % (10/93) et 43 % (48/111) des transitions. Huit mois après la mise en place du flux de travaux, le taux était de 87 % (68/78), dépassant ainsi la cible de 70 % fixée par l’établissement. Parmi les 32 pharmaciens sondés, la plupart étaient satisfaits de la politique de TDR et ils estimaient que le flux de travaux normalisé était simple à suivre, qu’il augmentait le nombre de TDR reçus et fournis et qu’il améliorait la qualité des TDR menés à terme. Les pharmaciens ont aussi indiqué que le flux de travaux associé au TDR avait amélioré les soins aux patients (score moyen de 4,09/5, écart-type de 0,64).</p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>La politique et le processus normalisés de TDR ont été bien reçus par les pharmaciens et ont permis d’obtenir une harmonization de la consignation du TDR et un taux de consignation du TDR qui dépassait la cible de l’établissement.