Bibliografías temáticas / Football films – United States

Índice

  1. Artículos de revistas
  2. Tesis
  3. Libros
  4. Capítulos de libros
  5. Actas de conferencias
  6. Informes

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 11 de febrero de 2022

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros

Elija tipo de fuente:

Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Football films – United States".

Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

1

Jędrzejewski, Stanisław. "Kultura udomowiona a nowe technologie." Roczniki Nauk Społecznych 13(49), no. 1 (2021): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rns21491.4.

Texto completo
Resumen
Although the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced or completely eliminated the manifestations of artistic life, human ingenuity and simply necessity made it possible to transfer many offline cultural events and events to the online environment. Free online broadcasts from concerts such as the Berlin Philharmonic, opera performances from the New York Metropolitan, as well as theater and music concerts have gained in popularity worldwide. Film production companies have begun to make films available online. The offer of video or VOD (Netflix, YouTube, Twitch, S
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Bingaman, James. "Australian Football in America During COVID-19." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 3 (2020): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0217.

Texto completo
Resumen
Despite its relative obscureness in the United States, Australian football has graced American airwaves since the 1990s. The outbreak of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020 paved the way for the Australian Football League to be one of the only professional sports leagues broadcasting games live on American television. Although the Australian Football League would later suspend the season, for at least one weekend, Australian football was the most popular sport in the United States. This short essay pulls from news articles, social media posts, and existing literature to explore this unique time in
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Munk, Dana, Ramona Cox, Martha E. Ewing, and Peggy McCann. "Negative Societal Reactions to Women Professional Football Athletes in the United States." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 22, no. 2 (2014): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2014-0006.

Texto completo
Resumen
There has been quite a surge of women’s professional football teams in the United States; however, football is rarely offered for girls at the youth sport, middle school, high school, or intercollegiate levels. While this lack of participation can be easily attributed to the contact sport exemption clause in Title IX, researchers have shown that litigation has changed the course for women by legally opening doors for opportunities in tackle football. Today, it is more likely the lack of opportunities for females in traditional male sports is because of stereotypical beliefs linked to their gen
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Omondi-Ochieng, Peter. "Profit or loss? On the determinants of net income of United States college football programs." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 17, no. 3 (2019): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-04-2018-0028.

Texto completo
Resumen
Purpose This study aims to predict the determinants of net income of 101 US university football programs. Design/methodology/approach Guided by stakeholder theory, financial capacity model and resource dependency theory, the dependent variable was net income (indicated as profit or loss) and independent variables were measured as the number of women and men’s team sports, average home attendances, win–loss records, conference ranking, endowment funds and age of football programs. Statistical analysis was performed using Kendell tau and binary logistic regression (BLR). Findings Net income was
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Shankar, Prasad R., Sarah K. Fields, Christy L. Collins, Randall W. Dick, and R. Dawn Comstock. "Epidemiology of High School and Collegiate Football Injuries in the United States, 2005-2006." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 8 (2007): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507299745.

Texto completo
Resumen
Background Football, one of the most popular sports among male high school students in the United States, is a leading cause of sports-related injuries, with an injury rate almost twice that of basketball, the second most popular sport. Hypothesis Injury patterns will vary between competition and practice exposures and between levels of play (ie, high school vs. National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA]). Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Football-related injury data were collected over the 2005-2006 school year from 100 nationally representative high schools via High
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Kerr, Zachary Y., Stephen W. Marshall, R. Dawn Comstock, and Douglas J. Casa. "Exertional Heat Stroke Management Strategies in United States High School Football." American Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 1 (2013): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546513502940.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Dwyer, Brendan, Stephen L. Shapiro, and Joris Drayer. "Daily Fantasy Football and Self-Reported Problem Behavior in the United States." Journal of Gambling Studies 34, no. 3 (2017): 689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9720-4.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Grundstein, Andrew J., Craig Ramseyer, Fang Zhao, et al. "A retrospective analysis of American football hyperthermia deaths in the United States." International Journal of Biometeorology 56, no. 1 (2010): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-010-0391-4.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

Ehret, Marian. "3DTV Mass Adoption in the United States and the National Football League." Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 22, no. 2 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol22no2.1.

Texto completo
Resumen
Purpose was to examine how mass adoption of 3DTV in the United States as the next major step in TV evolution could take place, after the technology recently failed in the 2010s. Answers to the research questions focused on understanding what conditions for mass adoptions would need to exist and how the National Football League TV transmissions could support the adoption process until when. An integrated literature review defined inhibiting factors to adoption related to technology, health, content, marketing strategy and price. Solution paths were proposed. Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Khimenes, Kh, Yu Briskin, M. Pityn, I. Hluhov, and K. Drobot. "Monopoly and Rivalry in American Football in History and Nowadays." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (2020): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.364.

Texto completo
Resumen
Professional sports leagues today are trying to increase their income and looking for new sources for this. In the United States, most leagues in one sport are monopoly structures. Considering the National Football League in this context, it is worth noting its rather strict policy towards possible competitors at the football market. At the same time, throughout the history of American football, there have been attempts to organize competing structures that have been more or less successful. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation American football organizations
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

1

Bhatia, Parul. "India Vaale in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935597/.

Texto completo
Resumen
This documentary reveals the thoughts and feelings of seven Indian students at the University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. It portrays that better material comforts in the U.S. condition the decision of Indian students in not returning to India even after the completion of their studies. It also shows their feelings of nostalgia for the social and cultural milieu of their home country, India. For this project 18 Indian students at the University of North Texas were interviewed and seven of them became part of the final documentary.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Dawson, Steven Charles. "The modernization of professional football in England and the United States: a comparative analysis /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313344877.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

McClowry, James E. "The factors involved in the job performance evaluation of NCAA Division I-A and Division III head football coaches : a comparative study." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036182.

Texto completo
Resumen
The purpose of this paper was to gather information from college athletic directors from Division I-A and Division III institutions concerning the factors that they deem the most and least important in evaluating their institution's head football coach for job retention. The study identified 10 factors that are instrumental in evaluating head football coaches. Athletic directors prioritized these 10 factors in order of importance when evaluating their head football coach.Surveys were sent to 106 Division I-A athletic directors and 106 Division III athletic directors. Of the 151 surveys returne
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Cavallero, Jonathan J. "Italian/American filmmakers in American motion pictures : the films of Capra, Scorsese, Savoca, Coppola, and Tarantino /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3301350.

Texto completo
Resumen
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Depts. of Communication and Culture and American Studies, 2007.<br>Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 26, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0413. Adviser: James Naremore.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Ford, Conny (Conny M. ). "Differences in Marketing Mainstream and Independent Feature Films in the United States (1990-1995)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278064/.

Texto completo
Resumen
The purpose of this study is (1) to examine mainstream studio films and their marketing (2) to examine independent films and their marketing (3) to explore the marketing challenges of independent films (4) to explore new developments in independent film and the emergence of crossover films (5) to explore the benefits of alliances between the major studios and independent film distributors (6) to examine the diminishing differences between major studio films and independent films.
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Roy, André 1963. "Une lecture politique de Star trek /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61800.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Collins, Christine Lee. "Sports-Related Injuries among High School Athletes in the United States and Their Use of Protective Equipment." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428571487.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Nisgor, Craig M. "Redshirting, how and when it is used : a comparison between football coaches and men's swimming coaches in the Southeastern and Mid-American Conferences." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115732.

Texto completo
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of redshirting studentathletes by football and men's swimming coaches in the Southeastern and Mid-American Conferences. Questionnaires were sent out to each of the coaches regarding their practices of redshirting. The data was tabulated in SPSS format and the Pearson ChiSquare was used to find out if there were any statistical significance. The results of the Chi-Square analysis revealed no statistical significance between the two conferences redshirting practices, however there were some differences between the two sports. One differen
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

Yeung, Yuk-ngan, and 楊玉顔. "Gender representation in films." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953773.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Zwarich, Jennifer. "Federal Films| Bureaucratic Activism and the U.S. Government Motion Picture Initiative, 1901-1941." Thesis, New York University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635322.

Texto completo
Resumen
<p> This dissertation describes the emergence and expansion of U.S. government motion picture work over the first four decades of the twentieth century. It situates the early history of federal filmmaking within the long progressive drive to reshape representative government into a more active proponent of the welfare of its citizenry and argues that despite reigning critiques to the contrary, institutional sponsorship actually gave social meaning and efficacy to this mode of social documentary. Indeed, I argue that U.S. government film production can be understood as a kind of social activism
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Más fuentes

Libros sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

1

Schoor, Gene. 100 years of Army-Navy football. Henry Holt, 1989.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Feature films, 1950-1959: A United States filmography. McFarland, 1999.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Sound films, 1927-1939: A United States filmography. McFarland, 1992.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Fetrow, Alan G. Feature films, 1940-1949: A United States filmography. McFarland, 1994.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Ken, Rappoport, ed. Gridiron glory: The story of the Army-Navy football rivalry. Taylor Trade Pub., 2005.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

1956-, White John, ed. Fifty key American films. Routledge, 2009.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Lloyd, Bill, and Sheppard Kaufman. The American presidents: 1945-2010, post war & contemporary United States. Disney Educational Productions, 2010.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

United States. Bureau of Mines. Mineral resource films & videos. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1991.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Mines, United States Bureau of. Mineral resource films & videos. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1991.

Buscar texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Más fuentes

Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

1

Parrish, Charles, and Jamee Pelcher. "United States." In The Palgrave International Handbook of Football and Politics. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78777-0_27.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Escamilla, Michael. "Football in the United States." In Analytical Psychology of Football. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003119821-11.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Millward, Peter. "Transnational Fandom: Supporters in Scandinavia, East Asia and the United States of America." In The Global Football League. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230348639_5.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. "The Football Broadcast Market in the USA." In The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6_2.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. "Introduction." In The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6_1.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. "State of Research." In The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6_3.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. "Data." In The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6_4.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. "Results." In The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6_5.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

Nalbantis, Georgios, and Tim Pawlowski. "Discussion and Conclusion." In The Demand for International Football Telecasts in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48075-6_6.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Kathleen Gallagher, B., Amy Aughinbaugh, and Zannie G. Voss. "Beyond the “Studio System”: Public Support for Films in the United States." In Handbook of State Aid for Film. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71716-6_26.

Texto completo
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

1

Johnson, Kyle, M. W. Trim, Mark F. Horstemeyer, and R. Prabhu. "Examination of Geometric Effects on Stress Wave Propagation and Applications in Football Helmet Design." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14544.

Texto completo
Resumen
A recent study of college and high school football players demonstrated that 5.1% sustained at least one concussion in a single season. Considering the number of individuals that participate in football in the United States, this percentage equates to a staggering number [1]. The information and attention dealing with concussions and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has greatly increased recently, and represents a need for more advanced helmets that can eliminate concussions as well as other forms of TBI. In order to obtain this goal, lessons can be learned from high speed impacts in nature, parti
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Aguilar, Jazmin, and James Yang. "Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury: A Literature Review." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67801.

Texto completo
Resumen
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries occur often in competitive sports such as soccer, basketball, football, and more. Athletes of all ages are at risk of experiencing this injury due to living highly active lifestyles. ACL injuries account for over $500 million in total medial cost in the United States, with about 150,000 annual occurrences of injury. Much research over this knee injury has been conducted as early as 1850, but confirmation of definite mechanisms of ACL injury have proved to be a difficult endeavor due to conflicting results found from experiments. Solving this problem co
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Rowson, Steven, and Stefan M. Duma. "Rotational Acceleration and Velocity Associated With Concussion in Humans." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53682.

Texto completo
Resumen
Kinematic parameters of the head are used to predict brain injury because they are thought to be indicative of the inertial response of the brain. Although all injury metrics used to predict head injury in industry are based on linear acceleration, brain injury is widely believed to be caused by the complex interaction between linear and angular kinematics. Previous research investigating angular kinematics have focused on animal models, where data cannot be directly applied to humans [1, 2]. Optimally, these data would be derived from humans. There are an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million sports-r
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Garimella, Harsha T., Hao Yuan, Brian D. Johnson, Semyon L. Slobounov, and Reuben H. Kraft. "A Two-Fiber Anisotropic Constitutive Model of Human Brain With Intravoxel Heterogeneity of Fiber Orientation Using Diffusion Spectrum Imaging (DSI)." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39107.

Texto completo
Resumen
Sports-related concussion is a major public health problem in the United States that is estimated to occur in 1.6–3.8 million individuals annually, and is particularly common in football. Despite the significance and growing concerns about the potential long-term consequences of concussion, its biomechanical mechanisms are not fully understood. Since 1970’s computational head modeling has proved to be an efficient tool for establishment of health injury criteria and studies on head injury mitigation. One important step in the computational modeling of the human head is to develop the mathemati
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Loyola, Bryan R., Luciana Arronche, Marianne LaFord, Valeria La Saponara, and Kenneth J. Loh. "Evaluation of the Damage Detection Characteristics of Electrical Impedance Tomography." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3317.

Texto completo
Resumen
In the United States, many civil, aerospace, and military aircraft are nearing the end of their service life. Many of these service life predictions were determined by models that were created at the time of the design of the structure, possibly decades ago. As a precaution, these structures are inspected on a regular basis with techniques that tend to be expensive and laborious, such as tear-down inspections of aircraft. To complicate matters, new complex materials have been incorporated in recent structures to take advantage of their desirable properties, but these materials sustain damage i
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Ponder, Robert I., Mohsen Safaei, and Steven R. Anton. "Development of Surrogate Biomedical Knee Implants for Validation of Embedded Smart Sensors." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3879.

Texto completo
Resumen
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a very common procedure in the United States, especially with the aging population. However, despite high numbers of procedures and advancing technology, about 20% of patients with TKR are unsatisfied with the level of discomfort they experience with their replacement. Prevailing theories suggest that this is due to gradual misalignment of the knee. Multiple methods have been attempted to detect the cause of mechanical failure in replacements. One possible method for performing state detection in knees is the embedding of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) into th
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Informes sobre el tema "Football films – United States"

1

Wilkins, Justin, Andrew McQueen, Joshua LeMonte, and Burton Suedel. Initial survey of microplastics in bottom sediments from United States waterways. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42021.

Texto completo
Resumen
Given the reported extent of microplastics in the aquatic environment, environmentally relevant exposure information for sediments dredged by the US Army Corps of Engineers will lend context to the risks posed by this contaminant during dredging. We measured the occurrence, abundance, and polymer composition of microplastics in sediments collected from nine dredged waterways and two non-dredged reference areas. The number of particles in sediment samples ranged from 162 to 6110 particles/kg dry wt., with a mean of 1636 particles/kg dry wt. Fragments were the most prevalent shape observed among
Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
También puede estar interesado en las bibliografías ampliadas sobre el tema "Football films – United States" para tipos de fuentes particulares:
Artículos de revistas Tesis Libros
Ofrecemos descuentos en todos los planes premium para autores cuyas obras están incluidas en selecciones literarias temáticas. ¡Contáctenos para obtener un código promocional único!

Pasar a la bibliografía