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Tesis sobre el tema "Foreign language instruction, italian"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 30 de enero de 2023

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1

Dean, Brittany L. "A Comparison of Vocabulary Banks and Scripts on Native English-speaking Students’ Acquisition of Italian". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115066/.

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The study applied behavior analytic principles to foreign language instruction in a college classroom. Two study methods, vocabulary banks and scripts, were compared by assessing the effects on Italian language acquisition, retention, and generalization. Results indicate that students without prior exposure to Italian engaged in more exchanges and emitted more words in script tests compared to vocabulary bank tests. Participants with at least two classes in Italian prior to the study engaged in more exchanges and emitted more words during vocabulary bank tests. Data suggest that different teaching strategies may work for different learners. More research is needed to determine efficient teaching methods and how to ascertain which approaches work best for learners with different histories.

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2

Frangiotti, Graziele Altino. "As variedades linguísticas no ensino de línguas: análise de dois livros didáticos de italiano para estrangeiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-27062014-111639/.

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Estudos na área de Sociolinguística têm mostrado a complexidade da arquitetura do italiano contemporâneo, composta tanto de variedades linguísticas comuns a todas as línguas naturais, relacionadas às dimensões diamésica, diastrática, diafásica e diatópica, quanto de dialetos e interlínguas. Essa intricada realidade, no entanto, parece não chegar até os aprendizes de italiano, sobretudo, fora da Itália, que, frequentemente, têm a impressão de que essa língua é monolítica e estável. Isso, em geral, se reflete em seu desempenho enquanto falantes, pois, uma vez que acreditam que a língua italiana é imutável e única, não serão capazes de reconhecer as variedades e registros linguísticos produzidos por falantes nativos. Tendo em vista a importância do livro didático como fonte de input linguístico em sala de aula e como norteador da atividade docente e discente, selecionamos os dois livros didáticos mais usados no estado de São Paulo para o ensino do italiano no momento em que se iniciou a pesquisa, e analisamos como e em que medida tais obras expõem o aprendiz às variedades linguísticas do italiano para que desenvolvam competência sociolinguística e, portanto, sensibilidade sobretudo receptiva quanto à realidade linguística italiana. Para isso, analisamos os diálogos, os livros do aluno e os guias do professor das coleções didáticas Linea Diretta e Rete! com base em 67 critérios escolhidos por poderem identificar diferentes variedades do italiano. Os resultados relacionados ao livro Linea diretta permitem dizer que essa coleção aborda implicitamente alguns dos fenômenos considerados, mas que não os explora explicitamente. Por outro lado, Rete! praticamente não insere fenômenos marcados sociolinguisticamente em seus diálogos, mas trata as questões fonológicas das variedades regionais. Desse modo, foi possível constatar que o tratamento das variedades sociolinguísticas mostrou-se insuficiente e, em alguns casos, inexistente em ambos os livros didáticos, fazendo-nos concluir que o aprendiz, cujo input linguístico derive de seus conteúdos, dificilmente desenvolverá uma competência sociolinguística que lhe propicie reconhecer e compreender adequadamente enunciados produzidos em diferentes contextos comunicativos.
Studies in Sociolinguistics have shown the complexity of contemporary Italian arquitecture, composed of both linguistic varieties, common to all natural languages and related to diamesic, diastratic, diaphasic and diatopic dimension, and the dialects and interlanguages. Nonetheless, this intricate reality doesn\'t seem to reach learners of Italian, especially outside Italy, which often have the impression that this language is monolithic and that it doesn\'t change. In general, this reflect on their performance as speakers of the language they learn, therefore, since they believe that the Italian language is unique and unchangeable, they will not be able to recognize linguistic varieties produced by native speakers. Considering the importance of the textbook as a source of linguistic input in the classroom and as a guide for teacher\'s and learner\'s activity, we selected, in the period in which our research began, the two most used textbooks for Italian teaching in the State of São Paulo, and analyzed how and to what extent these works expose the learner to linguistic varieties of Italian, in order to develop sociolinguistic competence and mainly receptive sensibility to Italian linguistic reality. We analyzed the dialogues, the student books and teacher\'s guides of the teaching collections Linea Diretta and Rete! based on 67 criteria chosen by selecting phenomena that could identify different varieties of Italian. The results related to the textbook Linea diretta let say that this collection implicitly addresses some of the considered phenomena, but doesn\'t explore them explicitly. On the other side, Rete! practically doesn\'t insert in its dialogues sociolinguistically marked phenomena, but treats phonological issues of regional varieties. So, it was found that the treatment of sociolinguistic varieties proved to be scanty and, in some cases, not existent in both textbooks. This caused the conclusion that learners, whose linguistic input derives from its content, can hardly develop a sociolinguistic competence that can allow them to recognize and understand properly utterances produced in different communicative contexts.

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3

Rocha, Vitoria Garcia. "Estratégias de ensino nas salas multisseriadas de italiano dos Centros de Estudos de Línguas (CELs) da capital e da grande São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-06122016-120945/.

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O Centro de Estudos de Línguas (CEL) é um projeto da Secretaria da Educação do governo do estado de São Paulo que oferece aos alunos da rede estadual e, em alguns casos da rede municipal, cursos gratuitos de línguas estrangeiras. Devido à evasão de alunos e ao baixo número de matrículas em alguns idiomas, a cada estágio as turmas ficam menores, exigindo a formação de salas multisseriadas para garantir ao estudante a continuação e a conclusão do curso. As classes multisseriadas dos CEL são compostas por discentes de várias idades e que possuem diferentes níveis de conhecimento da língua estrangeira. Nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as estratégias de ensino que os professores de língua italiana dos CEL utilizam para ensinar nas turmas multisseriadas. Fomos orientados pela hipótese de que os professores do CEL empregariam estratégias de ensino iguais ou parecidas às aplicadas pelos docentes que lecionam no ensino multisseriado da zona rural. Para a realização desta pesquisa, fizemos uma revisão sobre o funcionamento dos CEL, sobre as salas multisseriadas do campo e sobre as estratégias de ensino adotadas no contexto multisseriado e em aulas de línguas estrangeiras. Com o propósito de alcançar o nosso objetivo, adotamos a metodologia qualitativa e escolhemos o questionário on-line e a entrevista individual, semiestruturada como técnicas de coleta de dados. As participantes do estudo são professoras de italiano de grupos multisseriados de Centros de Estudos de Línguas da capital e da Grande São Paulo. Cruzamos os dados obtidos pelas duas técnicas e analisamos as três estratégias de ensino mais presentes no discurso das professoras. Comprovamos que as docentes usam estratégias que também podem ser verificadas na zona rural, ou seja, organização dos espaços físico e social, administração do tempo e emprego dos materiais didáticos. O espaço social é mais valorizado que o físico, o que conta é o aprimoramento da aprendizagem e a interação entre os estudantes de estágios diferentes. O tempo é administrado muitas vezes de forma inconsciente, mas está sempre presente na organização do atendimento dos diferentes estágios. O livro didático é essencial, todavia há um empenho em criar outras atividades empregando vários tipos de materiais. A análise nos mostrou que a maioria das professoras decidiu ensinar com os grupos organizados de maneira multisseriada. Na ausência de uma orientação pedagógica específica e do reconhecimento do Estado, as docentes, por meio da prática, criam a forma própria de lecionar, esforçam-se em adequar estratégias de ensino para cada turma.
The Language Study Center (LSC) is a governmental project of the Education Secretariat of the São Paulo State that offers for the students from state and, in some cases from the municipal, free courses in foreign languages. Due to the evasion students and low number of enrollments in some languages, each stage classes are smaller, requiring the formation of multigrade classrooms to ensure students the continuation and completion of the course. The multigrade classes of LSC are composed of students of different ages and have different levels of knowledge of a foreign language. Our research aims to analyze the use of instructional strategies to teach by the italian teachers in multigrade classes of LSC. We were guided by the assumption that LSC teachers employ teaching strategies in the same way or similar to those applied by the teachers who teach in multigrade teaching the countryside. For this research, we have made a review of the functioning of multigrade classrooms and the teaching strategies adopted for foreign language classes in multigrade context. In order to achieve our goal, we adopted a qualitative methodology choosing the online questionnaire and individual interviews, semi-structured as data collection techniques and well. Study participants are italian teachers of multigrade classes from São Paulo Language Study Centers. We crossed the data obtained by the two techniques and analyze the three instructional strategies more present in the discourse of teachers. We have proved that the teachers use strategies that can also be checked in the countryside, that is, related to physical and social space, time and materials. The social space is more valued than the physical, what counts is the improvement of learning and interaction among students of different stages. Time is administered often unconsciously, but is always present in the organization of care of the different stages. The textbook is essential, but there is a commitment to create other activities using various materials. The analysis has shown that most teachers decided to teach in organized groups multisseriate way. In the absence of a specific tutoring and state recognition, the teachers, through practice, create their own way of teaching, strive to adapt instructional strategies for each class.

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4

Pino, Daniela. "Learning Italian as a Second Language in an Italian/English Dual Language Program| Evidence from First to Fifth Grade". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751886.

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This research study was conducted with the intention of determining the most common errors that occur in the development of Italian oral language skills among 102 students participating in a 90/10 (90% in Italian/10% in English) dual language program offered at a California public elementary school. The 90/10 program breaks down instruction as follows: Kfirst grade 90% instruction in the target language/10% in English; in second grade 80/20; in third grade, 70/30; in fourth, 60/40, and in fifth, 50/50. Although the ratios change, the program is officially known as 90/10. The students in this study, a mixed group ranging from first to fifth grade, observed a series of pictures representing a story, which they then had to orally tell in their own words. The oral presentations were recorded and then transcribed word by word, including pauses and hesitations. The productions were then analyzed in depth, with special attention given to hesitations, the insertion of phrases and/or words in English, errors with lexical choice and grammatical errors (auxiliary verb choice, as well as the usage of subjects, verbs, and pronouns). The results from this study demonstrate that the age of the student influences second language oral fluency. In general, students with more schooling tended to commit fewer errors in their oral production. However, some categories of errors did not seem to be affected by the length of time students had been enrolled in the program. It is hypothesized that some errors persist due to the decreased amount of Italian instruction that characterizes the upper years in the program.

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5

LEE, SOO YUN. "Dynamic Assessment in Foreign Language Individualized Instruction". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468352180.

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6

Amaral, Luiz Alexandre Mattos do. "Designing intelligent language tutoring systems for integration into foreign language instruction". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179979688.

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7

Amaral, Luiz A. "Designing intelligent language tutoring systems for integration into foreign language instruction". The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1179979688.

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8

Onitsuka, Yukiko. "Teachers’ Language Choices and Functions in Japanese as a Foreign Language Classroom Instruction". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535704466237068.

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9

Jones, Francis Redvers. "Going it alone : self-instruction in adult foreign-language learning". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/189.

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This project looks at foreign-language self-instruction by adult native speakers of English. A literature review surveys the self-instruction field, plus more general literature on second language acquisition, learner characteristics and strategies, and course design. An initial pre-study presents a taxonomy of published teach-yourself package features, based on a survey of over 40 courses. The second pre-study presents a learner-diary study of 11 months' self-instruction of Hungarian from post-beginner level by the researcher. Lexis and listening are revealed as the main challenges, and the importance of real-message practice is highlighted. A threshold is identified - corresponding to the ability to cope with authentic language - at which strategies change from coursebook-centred to real text- and interaction-centred. In the main study, telephone interviews of 70 learners with self-instructed experience supplied reported-achievement profiles for all their languages, plus open-ended reports on their self-instructed learning processes. Multivariate statistics plus qualitative analysis of the interview protocols were used to identify patterns in the data. Mixedmeans outperforms both self-instruction alone and classwork alone in terms of command, dropout and sense of success, with classworkself-instruction as the best sequence. Higher proficiency in mixed/self-instruction-only mode is linked to better listening and speaking experiences, and to good management of learning. Learners with more self-instructed experience worry about initial listening and speaking problems less, and are more aware of writing. Learning style is the chief process factor seen as affecting self-instructed learning; others are general strategic skill, ability to tackle the lexico-grammar through writing, full-speed listening, "package-wiseness", exploitation of external motivational/affective factors, intensive reading/cassette-work skills, aptitude/discipline, and the ability to combine different learning resources. The conclusion presents implications for second language acquisition, followed by recommendations for materials designers, self-instructed learners, language centres and learner training programmes.

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10

Abdu, Hussein Ramadan. "Italian loanwords in colloquial Libyan Arabic as spoken in the Tripoli region". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184333.

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Italian loadwords in Libyan Arabic have not received the attention and concern they deserve despite their number, high frequency, and wide use by all Libyans at all levels for more than one and a half centuries. This study attempts to record as many Italian loanwords in Libyan Arabic as possible as reported by the Libyan students and their spouses in the United States, to establish a linguistic criterion for the identification of these loanwords in Libyan Arabic, to determine the semantic adaptations they have undergone, and to verify their recognition and use by the students and their spouses. A list of 1000 words suspected to be Italian loanwords were collected through direct observation of Libyan speech, including my own as a native speaker of the dialect, by use of informants and intensive reading. The words were then checked against their possible native models in Italian through the use of Italian dictionaries and consultation with native Italian speakers, most of whom are linguists or language teachers. The list was reduced to 682 words, which were used in the questionnaire sent to 290 Libyan students and their spouses in the United States. From the 148 replies to the questionnaire, it is found that on the average 75% of the respondents know all the 684 words and 58% of them use them. About 82% of the loanwords have literary or colloquial Arabic equivalents. About 55% had presumably entered Libyan Arabic or Libyan Arabic speakers were exposed to them during the 1911-1970 period, which marks the Italian occupation of Libya, 5% between 1832-1910, and 5% between 1970-1985. About 93% of the Italian loanwords are nouns, 7% adjectives, 1% verbs, 0.8% adverbs, and 0.5% interjections. Meanings of most of the loanwords are more pervasive in Italian than in Libyan Arabic. It was also found that most of the loanwords had adopted Arabic grammatical rules for tense formation and inflection for number or gender.

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11

Fanton, Giovanni. "Doing Italian as a foreign language : investigating talk about language and culture in three British university classrooms". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1561/.

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The study presented in this thesis focuses on teacher-student talk-in-interaction in three Italian classes for beginners taught by two teachers, one British and one Italian, in two British universities. The aims of the study are to: (1) investigate the views of language and of language teaching/learning that informed the teachers‟ practice; (2) identify the cultural worlds and images of Italian-ness constructed through the classroom talk; (3) examine the different identities the teachers assumed as they discussed language and culture. The research combines ethnographically-informed classroom observation, video-recording of classroom interaction with discourse analysis. It is guided by poststructuralist thinking and by Kramsch‟s (1993:9) vision of language teaching/learning as “social practice that is at the boundary of two or more cultures”. It reveals similarities in the composition of the classes. Both included international students and both teachers drew on the diverse funds of linguistic and cultural knowledge represented in their classes, creating „third places‟ for language teaching/learning. The research also reveals differences between the teachers – in their views of language, their representation of Italian „culture‟ and in the classroom identities they assumed. These differences are explained with reference to the teachers‟ linguistic and cultural backgrounds and their professional biographies.

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12

Yu, Hsien-Yu. "Computer-assisted English as a foreign language curriculum design". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1311.

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13

Kraemer, Angelika Natascha. "Engaging the foreign language learner using hybrid instruction to bridge the language-literature gap /". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian, and African Languages, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 2, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-272). Also issued in print.

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14

Totaro, Genevois Mariella. "Foreign policies for the diffusion of language and culture : the Italian experience in Australia". Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8828.

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15

Samperi-Mangan, Jacqueline. "Languages in contact : error analysis of Italian childrens' compositions in a multilingual context". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60594.

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Children of Italian immigrants in Montreal are in contact with many languages and kinds of speech. French and English are used publicly, formal Italian is studied in heritage classes, a dialect of the family's region of origin is used at home, and a kind of koine is frequently used in interactions with other Italian immigrants. The contact of these languages produces various kinds of interferences. These lead a child to make errors when he tries to use the Standard Italian code. In this research, children's compositions are examined for errors which in turn are analysed and classified. The causes of these errors are investigated and statistics are presented to indicate the frequency of errors or the power of various causes.
An effort is made to show all the different errors and interferences that occur, and to discover a pattern of their causes. The data put forth might eventually serve as a base for further studies on the pedagogical prevention or correction of errors in the teaching of Standard Italian as adapted to the specific situation in Montreal.

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16

Yao, Lingli. "The effectiveness of using Wimba Voice Tools in foreign language instruction". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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17

Zewary, Sayed Mustafa. "Visuals in foreign language teaching". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8778.

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Master of Arts
Department of Modern Languages
Mary T. Copple
This study investigates the effectiveness of visuals in the language classroom. Two types of visual aids commonly used in the language classroom, video and still pictures, are used to elicit narratives from L2 English speakers, and these narratives are subsequently compared. The data come from eleven international students from a university English Language Program, who voluntarily participated in two separate 15-minute interviews. In each interview session, they were shown either a series of pictures or a video, both depicting a story. Upon completion of the presentation of each visual, participants were asked a prompt question and their narration of the events portrayed in the visuals recorded. The narratives were transcribed and analyzed in order to test (1) if still pictures and video are equally effective in eliciting elaboration in the narratives, defined in this case, as the number of new referents introduced and the number of adjective and verb types produced; and (2) if exposure to still pictures and video elicit narrations of similar length. Both kinds of visuals stimulated learners to create narratives and elaborate on what had been shown in them. The video task elicited narratives roughly 10% longer than the picture task in regards to the raw number of words. When linguistic factors were compared, participants introduced new referents at comparable rates in both tasks while they employed 10% more verb types in the video task. Additionally, the series of still pictures prompted participants to employ a much higher number of adjective types. These observations suggest that a series of still pictures are an effective alternative for video for eliciting narratives. This study provides support for the use of still pictures as an equivalent to videos in situations where videos are less accessible in language classrooms (due to lack of technological access).

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18

Chen, Chun-Hsiu. "Constructivism and mediated learning in designing English-as-a foreign-language instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2744.

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Social interaction is the foundation of knowledge construction in a constructivist classroom. This project proposes a mediated instruction that is based on the theory of constructivism and social interaction to help new adult immigrants successfully achieve English competence and adapt quickly to the culture of the United States.

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19

Semb, Oscar. "Pros and Cons in Immersion : - A Study of a Swedish and Italian Exchange Project Focused on Immersion". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21679.

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Abstract This study examines the Comenius exchange project between Da Vinci, Kattegattgymnasiet in Sweden and Liceo Scientifico F. Vercelli in Asti, Italy from both a qualitative and a quantitative angle. This exchange project was working with immersion. The purpose of this essay is to investigate to what extent second language learning is achieved in an immersion project. The essay aims to answer the following thesis questions: What are the learning outcomes of this exchange project, focused on immersion? What are the advantages, and disadvantages of an exchange project, focused on immersion? To undertake this study, I travelled to Asti and distributed a quantitative questionnaire to the students in this project. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the two main teachers and the students, as well. The data was then processed and analyzed, along with my theoretical framework: second language acquisition theory and immersion. The results show that the Swedish students were better at speaking; the Italian teacher focused more on grammar, that the objectives sometimes were unclear and that language development occurred. The study also provides the data that tells us that there might be challenges with your colleagues and that it is time-consuming. For further research I suggest a focus on why language development features in a project like this. It would also be interesting to analyze a project like this by observations of the linguistic content of the lessons and the specific differences between Italy and Sweden. Key words: Immersion, Second language acquisition, input, exchange project, language instruction

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Berlin, Andreas y Kajsa Hammarström. "First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Teaching". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125620.

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The Swedish curriculum for the subject English in upper secondary school clearly states the English should be used“as far as possible” in the classroom. However, the possible amount of first language usage is never mentioned. Thisfact piqued our interest for investigating how much, if any, first language use is beneficial for learning a newlanguage. For this reason, we decided to pose our research questions as follows: What are the different views on theusage of the L1 in an L2 and foreign-language classroom according to the teachers and learners? What has been saidabout only target language usage from a historical and a contemporary perspective? Does the use of the L1 in asecond-language/foreign-language classroom have a positive or negative effect on the learners’ language learning?To answer these questions, we have read and analysed sixteen empirical studies. Firstly, the research shows that bothlearners and teachers prefer to use the second language/target language as much as possible. However, they alsorecognise the benefits that the first language can have. The second question we have answered using both empiricalstudies as well as theorists from second language acquisition research and sociocultural theory. Our literaturedescribes a shift in language learning and teaching, from the bilingual grammar-translation method towards a moremonolingual classroom where the first language has no place. However, the empirical studies signal a new shift insecond-language/foreign-language education, reverting back to a more bilingual approach. Finally, all studies agreethat the first language has a complementary role in the language classroom, and if used properly, it can have apositive effect on language acquisition. Through our results we argue that the first language can increase the learners’motivation, move the tasks along and create a non-threatening environment where learners can feel safe to use thetarget language. Although the first language can benefit second language learning, learners and teachers must beaware of the danger of extensive usage, as it should remain a supplement to the target language.

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Bozorgian, Hossein. "Metacognitive strategy instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) listening skill". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54724/1/Hossein_Bozorgian_Thesis.pdf.

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Listening skill is allocated inadequate consideration in English language instruction and learning in Iran. At the school level, listening skill is not taught but reading and writing skills are taught traditionally. At the college level, reading skill is emphasised. For students seeking IELTS certification, institutes teach listening skill within the framework of a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. Nonetheless, despite the official syllabus, many teachers tend to test rather than teach listening skill. Currently, listening skill in the curriculum is embedded in an oral comprehension teaching approach through multiple choice written responses in the institutes. Therefore, the process of explicitly teaching listening is overlooked with a strong emphasis on the post hoc assessment of the products of listening. This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate the relationship between metacognitive strategy instruction and listening performance, metacognitive awareness and use of metacognitive strategies in listening. Three research questions were addressed in this study: - Is there a relationship between metacognitive strategy instruction (planning, monitoring and evaluation) and Iranian High Intermediate students¡¦ listening? „ - Is there a relationship between metacognitive strategy instruction and Iranian High Intermediate students¡¦ metacognitive awareness of listening? - Does metacognitive strategy instruction help Iranian High Intermediate students¡¦ use of metacognitive strategies during listening? A single group (N = 30) of High Intermediate level tertiary students in Iran were guided through a metacognitive strategy instruction over one semester (10 weeks). The first research question was measured through IELTS listening tests, which tracked any change of students’ listening performance. The second research question was analysed through results of a Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) to survey students’ awareness of metacognitive strategies in listening. Finally, the third research question was analysed through interviews, which explored students’ use of metacognitive strategies in listening. Results indicate that High Intermediate students developed listening performance, but there were no significant changes in metacognitive awareness in listening. Students reported in the interviews that they used multiple strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) to approach listening. Implications for English teaching in Iran and other contexts are discussed.

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22

Yoon, Hae-Lim. "A genre-based reading process in English as a foreign language reading instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1360.

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23

Bonner, Brooke Alexis. "AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE CORE STANDARDS AND EVIDENCE BASED INSTRUCTION". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1397302571.

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24

Ammar, Ahlem. "Is implicational generalisation unidirectional and applicable in foreign contexts? : evidence from relativization instruction in a foreign language". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ25942.pdf.

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25

Daniel, Mayra C. Rhodes Dent. "Theory and practice of writing instruction in the secondary foreign language classroom teachers' views vs. theory /". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064490.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.
Title from title page screen, viewed March 28, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dent Rhodes (chair), Susan Davis Lenski, Valeri Farmer-Dougan, Deborah Mounts. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-247) and abstract. Also available in print.

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26

Zammarchi, Enrico. "“My style is strictly Italo”: A History of Italian Hip-Hop". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574612200487536.

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27

Ferrari, Liviana. "The motivation of adult foreign language learners on an Italian beginners' course : an exploratory, longitudinal study". Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4073/.

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This thesis reports on a qualitative, longitudinal investigation into what shaped and sustained the motivation of two cohorts of L1-English learners of Italian during a beginners‟ course. Motivation was not limited here to L2 learning, but extended to what the participants perceived as the dynamic interplay of personal and contextual influences, responsible for their sustained participation and engagement with the learning environment. The distinctiveness of the study firstly lies in its methodological approach which, unusually for L2 motivation research, is entirely qualitative on epistemological grounds, in an attempt to give learners a true voice and position them firmly at the centre of the enquiry. Innovative aspects are also the choice of L1-English adult learners of a foreign language as participants, and that of Adult Education as a setting, given that L2 motivation studies have traditionally involved learners of English as a foreign or second language in schools or universities. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at the beginning, middle and end of a 30-week Italian beginners‟ course, using the Dörnyei-Ottó (1998) Process Model of L2 motivation as a loose conceptual framework. Summative focus groups were also conducted in the final stage. The data was analysed using an interpretive approach to explore salient themes and issues from the participants' perspectives. The findings suggest that, whilst the learners‟ initial goals and reasons for joining the course appear to have fuelled initial motivation, the positive learning experience and interpersonal dynamics developed in the classroom were largely responsible for sustaining it. The study also reveals novel insights into L2 motivation from adult learning perspectives, which take into account social participation and leisure participation motives. Finally, the thesis proposes a new conceptual model, which may prove useful in order to flexibly represent the dynamic, situated and complex nature of adult FL motivation – and arguably L2 learning motivation in general.

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28

Gallagher, Natasha A. "World Language Instruction AND TEACHERS' BELIEFS: THE IMPLICATIONS OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308600451.

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29

Yeo, Inung. "Effective writing instruction for English-as-a-foreign-language university students in Korea". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2300.

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Beginning with an analysis of current problems in English education in South Korea, this project is intended to suggest various ways to implement effective English education, especially for writing instruction. The project is designed for students who have low English proficiency in South Korean colleges and universities.

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30

Ali, Mohammed Abdulmalik Awad. "Reading in a foreign language : effectiveness of computer-based reading instruction in comparison to teacher-based reading instruction". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11062.

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This study investigated the effectiveness of two methods of instruction, Teacher-Based Instruction (TBI) versus Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), in improving undergraduate Arab learners' English reading ability in the three aspects of speed, comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. The Experimental Pre-test/Post-test Treatment Group Design was implemented in both experiments carried out in this study. Two samples of 100 and 150 students for Experiments I & II, respectively, were randomly chosen from two higher education institutions in the Arab world. Each sample was divided into two groups depending on learners' pre-instruction preferences for TBI or CALL methods. After eight weeks of instruction using one method, the students of the two groups exchanged instructional methods for another period of eight weeks. In both cases the learners attended three 90- minute reading lectures per week. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis showed that CALL was significantly more effective than TBI for improving the learners' reading ability in the three aspects targeted. Results showed that CALL was more effective due to different reasons: learners were more motivated to read and they enjoyed reading; CALL made learners' reading progress visible to them through immediate feedback; it fostered learner autonomy and their desire to be in control of the program and it offered the learners a large number of different reading activities to work on. Learners' suggestions for improving CALL were mainly related to increasing the time they can use CALL programs in learning to read. Findings of the study should encourage higher education institutions especially in the Arab world to take considerable steps towards utilising computers in instruction. Even at school level this utilisation should be considered, but further research should be carried out with learners at different age levels and in different regions in the Arab world.

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31

Kennedy, Sara 1973. "Second language learner speech and intelligibility : instruction and environment in a university setting". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115651.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the pronunciation and intelligibility of instructed and uninstructed second language (L2) learners over time, and to identify instructional, environmental, and methodological factors playing a role in pronunciation and intelligibility.
Seventeen L2 graduate students at an English-medium university recorded three personal anecdotes over five months. The students also regularly logged their exposure to and use of English. Nine of the students (instructed group) were concurrently taking an oral communication course focussing on suprasegmental pronunciation. Classroom instruction was regularly observed and recorded. All 17 students were interviewed at the end of the study.
L1 listeners heard anecdotes from three instructed and three uninstructed students, matched for length of residence and first language (L1). Listeners also heard anecdotes from four L1 English speakers. One group of listeners retold each anecdote after hearing it (discourse-level task). The other group paused the recording of each anecdote whenever a word was unclear (word-level task). Each group of listeners also rated excerpts for accentedness, comprehensibility, and fluency.
Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that: (a) no unambiguous changes in the pronunciation or intelligibility of either L2 learner group occurred over time; (b) word-level intelligibility measures more consistently differentiated L1 and L2 groups, and the instructed and uninstructed L2 groups; (c) compared to the instructed group, the uninstructed group logged relatively more English exposure/use for academic activities and relatively less for interactive social activities; (d) many instructed L2 learners did not believe that their pronunciation had noticeably improved, but almost all expressed satisfaction with their ability to communicate in English; (e) at the end of the study, many uninstructed learners reported persistent difficulties in communicating in English.
The results suggest that instruction in suprasegmental aspects of pronunciation sometimes may not lead to improved intelligibility or pronunciation. In addition, some L2 learners can be as intelligible as L1 speakers, depending on the listening task. Finally, results suggest that L2 learners' perceptions of their communicative ability and their patterns of L2 exposure/use are related. Implications for university preparation and support programs for L2 graduate students are discussed.

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32

Tegnered, Axel y Jonas Rentner. "The Importance of Pronunciation Instruction in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167481.

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The field of pronunciation instruction has long been a neglected area. In recent years, however, researchers have found a renewed interest in the subject. For example, research has been conducted to investigate the views on pronunciation instruction held by teachers and learners. In light of this, the present study seeks to explore the field of research in pronunciation instruction to answer the question of whether pronunciation instruction is important and beneficial for learners of English as a foreign language. The results of the present study show that teachers and learners alike consider pronunciation instruction an integral part of language teaching. Furthermore, the results show that pronunciation affects comprehension and that pronunciation teaching has positive effects on pronunciation development. In the present study, these results are connected to the Swedish school context, where we draw the conclusion that pronunciation should be included in the English language classroom to a greater extent than is the case at the time of writing this thesis.

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33

Atta, Takeshi. "Computer-based instruction in English as a foreign language for Japanese secondary students". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1447.

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34

Yang, Weizhen. "Applying social functional theory to Business English as a foreign language instruction in Taiwan". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1361.

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35

Liu, Changqing. "Using an imaginative literature-based approach to English-as-a-foreign-language reading instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1629.

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This project provides a background on English instruction in Taiwan, and presents a literature review that builds a theoretical foundation for this project. It also introduces a model of teaching instruction based on an integrated literature approach, and offers a curriculum design which includes plans for instructional lessons.

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36

Tsai, Tzu-Ru. "Innovative literacy content, methods, and assessment in English-as-a-foreign language primary instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2878.

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The primary goal of this project is to offer Taiwanese teachers diverse innovative literacy instruction and assessments to motivate students' reading processes. Sample curriculum/lesson plans are included.

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37

Morgan, Joy. "Counterbalanced instruction in practice: integrating a focus on content into a foreign language classroom". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117137.

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The present study examines the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating a focus on content/meaning into a predominantly form/language-focused French foreign language high school classroom context in rural, upstate New York. A classroom intervention was conducted with 27 student participants and their French teacher, implementing a French content-based unit on environmental issues. The study used a mixed-methods approach for data collection and data analysis. Data were analyzed using both qualitative content-analyses and quantitative statistical analyses. Results indicate that implementing a counterbalanced content-based unit into a traditional form-focused foreign language classroom, while challenging on many levels, is feasible and has the added benefit of helping students progress in both content and language, while making a meaningful and deep connection with students. Keywords: counterbalanced instruction, content-based language teaching (CBLT), content-based instruction (CBI), content and language integrated learning (CLIL), French, foreign language, science education, classroom context.
Cette étude examine la faisabilité et l'efficacité de l'intégration d'une concentration sur le contenu/le sujet dans un contexte principalement concentré sur la forme/la langue. Le contexte choisi pour cette étude est une classe de français langue étrangère dans un lycée d'une petite ville rurale du nord-ouest de l'État de New York. Une intervention dans la salle de classe a été conduite avec 27 participants-étudiants et leur professeur de français. Cette intervention mettait en pratique un module (« une situation d'apprentissage et d'évaluation ») en français sur les problèmes environnementaux. L'étude a adopté des méthodes mixtes pour rassembler et analyser les données. Ces dernières ont été analysées au regard du contenu qualitatif aussi bien que par des analyses statistiques quantitatives. Les résultats ont indiqué que la mise en pratique d'un module basé sur l'instruction contrepoids dans une salle de classe de langue étrangère qui se concentre sur la langue est faisable, même s'il y a plusieurs défis. En outre, cette approche peut soutenir le progrès des étudiants tant dans le contenu que dans la langue, en créant une connexion significative et profonde avec les étudiants. Mots-clés: l'approche du « contrepoids », l'enseignement des langues par le contenu (CBLT), l'instruction par le contenu (CBI), l'intégration d'une langue étrangère et une discipline non linguistique (DNL), l'enseignement de matières par intégration d'une langue étrangère (EMILE/CLIL en anglais), le français, la langue étrangère, l'enseignement des sciences, le contexte de salle de classe.

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38

Bettinelli, Barbara. "An analysis of the training needs of Italian secondary school teachers of English as a foreign language". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6866.

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This thesis is concerned with the training of Italian secondary school teachers of English as a Foreign Language. It identifies the training needs and requirements of these teachers and subsequently analyses in-service training courses offered both in Italy and the UK. The, aim is to see if these courses meet the requirements and expectations of Italian trainees and, if not, to develop recommendations on how these courses could be improved. The starting point of this research is the increased recognition of the effectiveness of the non-native speaking teacher. While in the past native English speakers were perceived as the 'ideal'. teachers of the language, it has recently been recognised that non-native English speaking teachers have an equal chance of becoming successful teachers. However, there has been very little research focusing on the requirements of non-native English speaker trainees and similarly there has been minimal feedback on what works and does not work in teacher education programmes. This thesis aims to contribute to the ongoing teacher related research in order to gain a deeper understanding of the specific training requirements of Italian teachers of E.F.L., so that their full potential may be realised. The thesis illustrates in detail the Italian school system, the Modem Foreign Language undergraduate curricula and the recruitment system for teachers in Italy, three elements which play a crucial role in determining the in-service training needs of Italian teachers of E.F.L. The thesis also provides a detailed description of the Italian State Special Project for Foreign Languages (P.S.L.S.), a national training project aimed at in-service teachers of Foreign Languages. The thesis analyses data coming from surveys aimed at Italian teachers of English. One survey devised by the author was carried out among teachers attending training events at the British Council in Milan. A second survey analysed was based on data provided by the I.R.R.S.A.E. (Regional Institute for Research and In-service Training) Lombardy, resulting from a questionnaire completed by a large number of lower and higher secondary school teachers of English working in the region. The results of the analysis of these surveys provide important information about the requirements of these teachers and identify where these needs have not been satisfied in the training courses they have attended in the past. The thesis subsequently examines the training courses currently available to Italian teachers of E.F.L., both in Italy and the UK. Data coming from a survey conducted among P.S.L.S. trainers supply information about the general structure and content of these courses. The thesis also analyses material obtained from UK institutions and illustrates, and comments on, the variety of programmes of study currently available to Italian teachers of English. Suggestions are put forward on how both P.S.L.S. and UK based courses could be improved in an effort to overcome trainees' difficulties and meet their requirements and needs. The thesis concludes with recommendations for further work which include those areas where the analysis of teachers' requirements would benefit from expansion and where the evaluation proccss of existing training courses could be refined.

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39

Torres, Jr Oscar. "ACQUIRING 21ST CENTURY LANGUAGE SKILLS: A CASE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS' SECOND LANGUAGE SKILLS ON A WORLD LANGUAGE PROGRAM". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/124461.

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Educational Administration
Ed.D.
The primary goal of this study was to identify how middle school language teachers bridge the skills acquired and strategies taught in an elementary school language program with the skills taught and practiced at the middle school level. The study will answer in detail this question: What perceptions do middle school teachers form regarding their students' language skills and how do these perceptions impact a world language program? By identifying the language teachers' current perceptions as they relate to their lesson design and delivery, school districts may find relationships between the teachers' perceptions of their students' language abilities and the program's perceived benefits or deficiencies. The researcher examined a middle school language program through the participation of language teachers from three middle schools in an urban setting. The findings indicate that teachers in the program can improve the delivery of their instruction by implementing strategies identified as necessary for the continued growth of the program and for students' acquisition of the language skills needed in the 21st century. Three themes derived from the findings and results of this study are: 1) collaborating with the teachers from the previous level; 2) using question and answer techniques and; 3) minimizing the amount of time used for review.
Temple University--Theses

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40

Zhang, Weimin. "In search of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' knowledge of vocabulary instruction". unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05232008-215235/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. John Murphy, committee chair; Diane Belcher, Gayle Nelson, Sara Weigle, committee members. Electronic text (288 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 9, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-273).

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41

Siefert, Thomas Raymond. "Translation in Foreign Language Pedagogy: The Rise and Fall of the Grammar Translation Method". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11049.

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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is identified as dismissing translation, applying to all "translation" the restricted expression of translation within the discredited Grammar Translation Method (GTM). Recent, negative classifications of the GTM are considered and, this dissertation observes, the concept of the GTM is shown as prone to being mythologized. A summary definition of the GTM is offered. Of the five Prussian language teachers viewed by history as originating the GTM, Joahnn Valentin Meidinger and, to a lesser degree, Heinrich Gottfried Ollendorff are shown offering methods and an approach to translation that are most similar to the definition of the GTM used today. Johann Heinrich Philipp Seidenstücker, Johann Franz Ahn, and Carl Julius Ploetz are found also to stand in the lineage of the GTM, but with important qualifications. The name "Grammar Translation Method" is asserted by this dissertation to originate in the Reform Movement, specifically, Wilhelm Viëtor’s Der Sprachunterricht muß umkehren! (1882) and a lecture of Viëtor’s from 1899. Viëtor is noted characterizing "traditional" methodologies with the terms "Grammatik" and "Übersetzung," beginning with Meidinger’s Practische Französische Grammatik (1783). Translation is found to remain problematic for the Reform Movement. A separate, concurrent movement, resulting in the Direct Method, is seen banishing all use of translation, and arguably lives on in CLT today. The formulation of a novel definition of the translation of texts is attempted. This definition, along with opinions from Translation Studies, is applied to a statement by Viëtor, where translation is particularly problematized, with the goal of mitigating this problematic. The dissertation recommends that CLT similarly use this definition of translation, so as to mitigate its own skepticism towards translation.

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42

Liew, Julian. "Histoire des termes d'architecture empruntés par le français à l'italien au XVIe siécle : leur introduction et leur évolution". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30141.

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L'influence italianisante de la Renaissance sur la culture frangaise est telle qu'elle a laissé ses traces non seulement sur le vocabulaire de l'architecture du XVIe s. mais aussi sur celui de 1'architecture moderne et voire, plus généralement, sur le lexique français. Et pourtant, malgré 1'influence incontestable de l'italien sur le vocabulaire français de 1'architecture, il ne reste au XXe s. qu'une trentaine--au maximum—de termes d'architecture empruntés à l'italien au XVIe siècle. Les spécialistes de la langue ont déjà examiné de près 1'influence du lexique italien sur le français à l'époque de la Renaissance: Ferdinand Brunot, Bartina Wind et T. E. Hope—entre autres—ont publié d'excellentes études dans ce domaine. Tout en nous appuyant sur les études de ces éminents linguistes, nous avons souhaité éviter une simple répétition; par conséquent, nous avons poursuivi une étude approfondie sur un vocabulaire particulier: le vocabulaire de 1'architecture. Nous avons d'abord dépouillé les textes de Brunot et de Hope pour établir une liste de termes d'architecture empruntés par le français àl'italien au XVIe siècle. Ensuite, nous avons vérifié dans les ouvrages lexicographiques modernes — ici, le .T.L.F. et le .Robert—pour déterminer si ces emprunts ont survécu jusqu'à nos jours. Nous pouvions être certain que ces termes font partie du lexique français du XXe siècle. Contrôlant la classification de Hope par 11exament de la section étymologique de chaque entrée du T..LF, nous avons aussi pu établir le fait que les mots dans notre liste étaient introduits en français comme termes d'architecture. En même temps, notre consultation du TLF et du Robert nous a fourni un aperçue général de 1'évolution sémantique des emprunts. Ensuite, nous avons consulté les ouvrages lexicographiques les plus importants depuis le XVIIe s. pour tracer 1'évolution sémantique de chaque mot. A partir du résultat de nos recherches, nous avons établi la répartition suivante: (i) quatre emprunts qui ont eu une expansion sémantique (viz., ARCHITECTS, ARCHITECTURE, ISOLE et FAÇADE); (ii) quatre autres emprunts qui ont évolué mais seulement à l'intérieur du vocabulaire de 1'architecture (viz., BALDAQUIN, APPARTEMENT, BALCON et ARCADE); et (iii) tous les mots qui n'ont pas changé de sens ou qui ont subi très peu d'évolution sémantique depuis leur introduction en français (Appendice A-2). Nous avons réservé une étude détaillée à chaque mot dans les deux prèmieres sections--retraçant l'origine et 1'évolution sémantiques du mot et, dans la mesure du possible, les circonstances historiques ou culturelles où le mot se trouvait. Nos études nous ont conduit à la conclusion que la langue n'accepte pas de façon égale les emprunts faits dans un certain domaine ou pendant une certaine époque. Certains des emprunts s'intègrent totalement au lexique, en acquérant d'autres acceptions et en sortant du domaine qui les aintroduits: ils acquièrent finalement un sens figuré; ce groupe est très petit. Le deuxième groupe consiste en des emprunts qui ont garde leur emploi principal de terme d'architecture mais que l'usager moyen de la langue reconnaitra et employera. A la différence du premier groupe, cependant, les mots du deuxième groupe ne possèdent pas d'acception au figuré. Le dernier groupe est composé d'emprunts qui restent strictement des termes techniques; l'usager moyen ne les employerait pas et, sans doute, n'en connaitraît même pas le sens. A en croire le résultat de notre travail, ce dernier groupe constitue la majorité des emprunts. Finalement, nous nous sommes apergu que l'histoire et la culture d'un peuple laissent souvent leurs traces sur 1'évolution sémantique d'un mot. Dans les études consacrées à ARCHITECTE et ARCHITECTURE, nous avons inclu pour chaque siècle les changements culturels, historiques ou politiques les plus importants dans l'histoire de la France et de 1'Europe et lés avons lies de façon logique aux changements sémantiques. Donc, nous avons pu suivre de près l'histoire parallèle de la langue française et du peuple français.
Arts, Faculty of
French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of
Graduate

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43

Hennebry, Mairin. "Investigating the impact of formal Modern Foreign Language instruction in developing active European citizenship". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523102.

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44

Shintani, Emi. "Teaching film to enhance brain compatible-learning in English-as-a-foreign language instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2403.

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These learning strategies have presented a theoretical framework for applying brain-based learning to EFL teaching. The model is based on the holistic principles of brain based learning rather than memorization of skills and knowledge as has been previously employed in EFL instruction.

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45

Su, Tzu-Chen. "Socially situated English-as-a-foreign-language instruction to achieve emergent biliteracy in Taiwan". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2822.

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Integrates several learning approaches for teaching English to Taiwanese children at the elementary level (grades K-6). Develops children's biliteracy in the English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) context through various learning approaches that include, child-centered learning, mediated learning, socially situated learning, and task-based learning.

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46

Zhang, Xiangmei. "Authentic materials in English as a Second Language conversation instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2526.

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47

Marsolais-Johnson, Suzanne Florence. "Enhancing foreign language learning through the integration of computer technology". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2672.

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This thesis demonstrates the effectiveness of using computer technology and the Internet to enhance classroom teaching. A variety of computer and internet based projects that complement lessons initiated by the classroom teacher provide real life situations for additional practice, reinforcement, motivation and greater student achievement.

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48

Li, Sha. "A Comparative Study of K-12 Foreign Language Education in American and Chinese Public Schools: A Case Study of Six Foreign Language Teachers". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1384810365.

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49

Gu, Yue. "Chinese Heritage Language School Teachers’ Pedagogical Belief and Practice of the Contextualized Language Instruction". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438857478.

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50

James, Casie Dawn. "Strategic spelling instruction". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2993.

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The study proposes an alternative way for elementary school educators to instruct students in spelling. It suggests that spelling instruction should allow ample time for students to manipulate letters and patterns in their spelling words and provide time for writing. It also offers a two-week lesson plan of spelling instruction backed by research. The study was conducted using a mixed design with a predominantly Hispanic 6th grade class at a Title I school, with 60% of the students classified as English Language Learners. The study design consisted of observations of the students manipulating the spelling words, anecdotal notes taken while observing the students, and the collection of writing samples across time. Data was collected by four formal language arts tests and bimonthly spelling assessments.

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