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1
Higgs, Clive Richard. "Formal methods and reuse in software engineering." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264614.
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Glorio, Emanuele. "Formal methods for service oriented software engineering." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242717.
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Il Service-Oriented Computing sta diventando sempre più importante e la proliferazione del grid e cloud computing sta incrementando ancora questa tendenza.
Di conseguenza, sempre più aziende stanno esponendo su Internet i loro Web
Service. Questo fatto ha l’effetto di trasformare il web da un contenitore di dati
ad un contenitore di servizi. In questo scenario, un ingegnere del software è
chiamato a progettare un’applicazione tenendo in considerazione l’opportunità/
bisogno di riusare servizi esistenti. Ciò richiede due cose: - una metodologia
di ingegneria del software che parta dagli obiettivi di business e dall’organizzazione
di una data azienda e arrivi ad identificare quali parti poter delegare a
servizi esterni; - l’abilità di localizare i servizi più appropriati. Infatti, mentre le
tecnologie e gli standard, come ad esempio iWeb Service, sono importanti, è stato
ampiamente riconosciuto che non sono sufficenti da sole. Invece è di estrema
importanza un approccio sistematico e completo, che prenda in considerazione
i requisiti di business e segua le pratiche raccomandate. Per questo motivo, anche
se oggigiorno ci sono molte metodologie orientate ai servizi, l’Ingegneria del
Software orientata ai Servizi (SOSE) è ancora un campo aperto.
In questa tesi presentiamo la definizione di una nuova metodologia SOSE.
Innanzitutto usiamo le fasi iniziali di Tropos dato che è una metodologia orientata
agli agenti che porta particolare attenzione alle esigenze degli stakeholder e
all’analisi dei requisiti. Inoltre Tropos è stato già modificato in passato al fine di
supportare la progettazione dei Web Service. Non modifichiamo le prime tre fasi
(Early Requirements, Late Requirements e Architectural Design) e ci concentriamo
sulle fasi finali (Detailed Design e Implementation). Nella fase di Detailed
Design proponiamo un mapping fra concetti i* ed elementi BPMN 2.0 per avere
una traduzione automatica del diagramma i* derivato dalle fasi precedenti in un
linguaggio di workflow. In più forniamo delle tecniche e dei metodi formali per
selezionare codice e servizi esistenti in modo da riutilizzarli all’interno del software
che si sta progettando. Infine, nella fase Implementation proponiamo un
mapping BPMN - Alan (un linguaggio di programmazione orientato agli agenti
e agli oggetti) in modo da produrre automaticamente un’applicazione eseguibile.
Presentiamo inoltre un caso di studio dall’ambito e-commerce e lo usiamo per
mostrare come applicare passo passo la nostra metodologia.<br>Service-Oriented Computing is becoming more and more important. The proliferation
of grid and cloud computing is increasing this trend. As a result,
more companies than ever before are exposing their Web services on the Internet.
This fact has the effect of transforming the web from a repository of
data to a repository of service. In this scenario, a software engineer is called to
design a software taking into account the opportunity/need of reusing existing
services. This requires two issues: - a software engineering methodology that
starts from business goals and organization of a given company and arrives to
identify which parts can be delegated to external services; - the capability of locating
the “most” appropriate services. In fact, while technology and standards,
such as Web services, are important, it has been widely recognized that they
are not sufficient on their own. Instead, a systematic and comprehensive approach
is of critical importance, taking into account the business requirements
and following recommended practices. For this reason, even if there are many
service-oriented methodology nowadays, Service-Oriented Software Engineering
(SOSE) is still an open field.
In this thesis we present the definition of a new SOSE methodology. As
start, we use Tropos early phases because it is an agent-oriented methodology
which bears particular attention to stakeholder needs and requirements analysis.
Besides, Tropos was already refined in order to support web service design.
We leave the first three phases unchanged (Early and Late Requirements,
Architectural Design) and we focus on the final phases (Detailed Design and
Implementation). In Detailed Design phase we propose a mapping between i*
concepts and BPMN 2.0 elements in order to translate automatically the i* diagram
derived from the previous phases in a workflow language. Moreover we
provide formal methods and techniques to select code and services in order to
reuse them inside the to-be application. Finally, in Implementation phase we
propose a mapping BPMN - Alan (an agent-object oriented programming language)
to produce automatically an executable application. We present a case
study from e-commerce and we use it to show how to apply our methodology
step by step.
3
Tran, Sang Cong. "Applications of formal methods in engineering." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60452/.
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The main idea presented in this thesis is to propose and justify a general framework for the development of safety-related systems based on a selection of criticality and the required level of integrity. We show that formal methods can be practically and consistently introduced into the system design lifecycle without incurring excessive development cost. An insight into the process of generating and validating a formal specification from an engineering point of view is illustrated, in conjunction with formal definitions of specification models, safety criteria and risk assessments. Engineering specifications are classified into two main classes of systems, memoryless and memory bearing systems. Heuristic approaches for specification generation and validation of these systems are presented and discussed with a brief summary of currently available formal systems and their supporting tools. It is further shown that to efficiently address different aspects of real-world problems, the concept of embedding one logic within another mechanised logic, in order to provide mechanical support for proofs and reasoning, is practical. A temporal logic framework, which is embedded in Higher Order Logic, is used to verify and validate the design of a real-time system. Formal definitions and properties of temporal operators are defined in HOL and real-time concepts such as timing marker, interrupt and timeout are presented. A second major case study is presented on the specification a solid model for mechanical parts. This work discusses the modelling theory with set theoretic topology and Boolean operations. The theory is used to specify the mechanical properties of large distribution transformers. Associated mechanical properties such as volumetric operations are also discussed.
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Spegni, Francesco. "Formal methods for practical reverse engineering and software verification." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242049.
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Software development processes are committed at producing high quality software
system. Traditionally, this goal is reached through systematic testing.
This thesis project analyzes the possibility of applying mathematical logic and
so-called formal methods into the software development process. In fact software
testing has two major limitations with respect to verification by means
of software testing: every test can show correctness for one possible behavior,
while formal methods verification shows that correctness, if proved, holds for
all the executions of the system. Furthermore, testing can be used to stress
the system implementation, while formal verification can be done also during
earlier stages of software development, when abstract models of the system are
first sketched.
In this work we present an integrated working environment that aims at
guiding the software engineer along some of the most relevant moments of a
software system lifetime: its development, its verification, its maintenance up
to a complete re-structuring.
The core of the proposed environment is the language XAL , a parametric
extension of the theory of networks of timed automata. After defining its
syntax and semantics, we show a novel cutoff theorem for it, proving that
systems that are both parametric and timed can be model checked.
We then describe two methodologies: the former helps in restructuring existing
applications using XAL , extracting parameterized finite-state models from
legacy code. The latter is about conducting a formal verification using XAL and
its cutoff theorem, if needed.
A few case-studies are described that uses the proposed language and methodologies.
These case-studies are real-world software systems analyzed in a joint
effort with Computer VAR ITT and BINT, two Italian ITC companies.
5
Corwin, Paul S. "Incremental Validation of Formal Specifications." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/71.
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This thesis presents a tool for the mechanical validation of formal software specifications. The tool is based on a novel approach to incremental validation. In this approach, small-scale aspects of a specification are validated, as part of the stepwise refinement of a formal model.
The incremental validation technique can be considered a form of "lightweight" model checking. This is in contrast to a "heavyweight" approach, wherein an entire large-scale model is validated en masse.
The validation tool is part of a formal modeling and specification language (FMSL), used in software engineering instruction. A lightweight, incremental approach to validation is beneficial in this context. Such an approach can be used to elucidate specification concepts in a step-by-step manner. A heavy-weight approach to model checking is more difficult to use in this way.
The FMSL model checker has itself been validated by evaluating portions of a medium-scale specification example. The example has been used in software engineering courses for a number of years, but has heretofore been validated only by human inspection. Evidence for the utility of the validation tool is provided by its performance during the example validation. In particular, use of the tool led to the discovery of a specification flaw that had gone undiscovered by manual validation alone.
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Todorov, Vassil. "Automotive embedded software design using formal methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG026.
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La part croissante des fonctions d'assistance à la conduite, leur criticité, ainsi que la perspective d'une certification de ces fonctions, rendent nécessaire leur vérification et leur validation avec un niveau d'exigence que le test seul ne peut assurer.Depuis quelques années déjà d’autres domaines comme l’aéronautique ou le ferroviaire sont soumis à des contextes équivalents. Pour répondre à certaines contraintes ils ont localement mis en place des méthodes formelles. Nous nous intéressons aux motivations et aux critères qui ont conduit à l’utilisation des méthodes formelles dans ces domaines afin de les transposer sur des scénarios automobiles et identifier le périmètre potentiel d'application.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons nos études de cas et proposons des méthodologies pour l'usage de méthodes formelles par des ingénieurs non-experts. Le model checking inductif pour un processus de développement utilisant des modèles, l'interprétation abstraite pour démontrer l'absence d'erreurs d'exécution du code et la preuve déductive pour des cas de fonctions critiques de librairie.Enfin, nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes pour résoudre les problèmes identifiés lors de nos expérimentations. Il s'agit d'une part d'un générateur d'invariants et d'une méthode utilisant la sémantique des données pour traiter efficacement des propriétés comportant du temps long, et d'autre part d'un algorithme efficace pour mesurer la couverture du modèle par les propriétés en utilisant des techniques de mutation<br>The growing share of driver assistance functions, their criticality, as well as the prospect of certification of these functions, make their verification and validation necessary with a level of requirement that testing alone cannot ensure. For several years now, other industries such as aeronautics and railways have been subject to equivalent contexts. To respond to certain constraints, they have locally implemented formal methods. We are interested in the motivations and criteria that led to the use of formal methods in these industries in order to transpose them to automotive scenarios and identify the potential scope of application.In this thesis, we present our case studies and propose methodologies for the use of formal methods by non-expert engineers. Inductive model checking for a model-driven development process, abstract interpretation to demonstrate the absence of run-time errors in the code and deductive proof for critical library functions.Finally, we propose new algorithms to solve the problems identified during our experiments. These are, firstly, an invariant generator and a method using the semantics of data to process properties involving long-running timers in an efficient way, and secondly, an efficient algorithm to measure the coverage of the model by the properties using mutation techniques
7
He, Xudong. "Integrating formal specification and verification methods in software development." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54535.
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This dissertation is a part of an intended long-term research project with the objectives to make software development more scientific and rigorous, thereby to achieve better software quality and to facilitate automated software production; and has two major components: the design of the specification transition paradigm for software development and the theoretical study of the system specification phase in the paradigm.
First, after an extensive analysis and comparison of various formalisms, a paradigm for integrating various formal specification and verification methods (predicate transition Petri nets, first order temporal logic, the algebraic, the axiomatic, the denotational, and the operational approaches) in software development has been developed. The model more effectively incorporates foremost formalisms than any other models (the Automatic Programming Project [Bal85], the CIP Project [ClP85], the Larch Project [GHW85] and the RAISE Project [MG87]) and has the following distinctive features: (1) specifications are viewed both as a set of products and a set of well-defined steps of a process, (2) specifications (as a set of products) at different development steps are to be written and verified by different formalisms, (3) specification (as a process) spans from the requirement phase to the detailed design phase, (4) specification for both concurrent and sequential software is supported, and (5) specifications for different aspects (concurrent control abstraction, data abstraction, and procedural abstraction) of a piece of software are dealt with separately. Second, an intensive and in-depth investigation of the system specification phase in the paradigm results in:
- a design methodology for predicate transition nets, which incorporates the separate definition technique in Ada [Ada83] and state decomposition technique in Statechart [Har88] into the traditional transformation techniques for Petri nets, and therefore will significantly reduce the design complexity and enhance the comprehensibility of large predicate transition net specifications;
- the establishment of a fundamental relationship between predicate transition nets and first order temporal logic and the design of an algorithm for systematically translating predicate transition nets into equivalent temporal logic formulae. Therefore the goal to combine the strengths of both formalisms, i.e. to use predicate transition nets as a specification method and to use temporal logic as a verification method, is achieved; and
- the discovery of a special temporal logic proof technique based on a Hilbert-style logic system to verify various properties of predicate transition nets and the associated theorems. Thus temporal logic is effectively used as an analysis method for both safety and liveness properties of predicate transition nets.<br>Ph. D.
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Wang, Shuo Yilmaz Levent. "Exploring the integration of model-based formal methods into software design education." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/WANG_SHUO_14.pdf.
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Piveropoulos, Marios. "Requirements engineering for hard real-time systems." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310980.
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Lunglhofer, Jon R. (Jon Richard). "Complete safety software testing : a formal method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88311.
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Mansour, Riham. "Formal Analysis and Design for Engineering Security." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26486.
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Engineering secure software remains a significant challenge for todayâ s software organizations as they struggle to understand the implications of security on their systems and develop systems that guarantee specified software security properties. The use of formal methods that are based on mathematical models has long been advocated in the development of secure systems, yet the promise of formal methods has not been realized. This is due to the additional discipline needed to formulate precisely the requirements and due complexities that often confront engineers. Further, the cost of development and the requisite learning curve of formal methods are quite high making them cost prohibitive to apply, especially for large software.
The transition from requirements to design has been one of the most difficult steps in software development. Moreover, effective methods for deriving design from requirements that guarantee retention of the intended security properties remain largely unrealized on a repeatable and consistent basis. If security requirements are formalized and transformed into design using formal methods, the potential for security vulnerabilities would be diminished through better clarity, completeness, and consistency. Therefore, a requirements specification must be systematically transformable to a formal representation, and through effective formal methods the design can be derived such that the security properties are preserved and conveyed.
This dissertation presents the FADES (Formal Analysis and Design for Engineering Security) approach that couples goal-oriented requirements specification with formal design specification to develop secure software in a constructive, provable and cost-effective way. To the best of our knowledge, FADES is the first security engineering approach that provides a systematic and automated bridge between semi-formal security requirements and formal design and implementation. FADES maintains the completeness and consistency of the security requirements specified with KAOS (Knowledge Acquisition for autOmated Specifications) when transformed to B formal specifications. Relaxing formality during requirements analysis enables security requirements to be better organized for producing more complete, consistent and clear requirements. The KAOS requirements model is then transformed to B, a popular formal representation used to derive and refine software systems. Security design specifications and implementation are produced using the B formal method which preserves the requisite security requirement properties.
FADES treats security-specific elements in a systematic and constructive way while considering security early in the development lifecycle. Moreover, employing FADES provides better confidence for security evaluators in the evaluation of trusted software. A side effect of employing formal methods in development is the availability of sufficient traceability information at the various phases of development and maintenance allowing for more accurate impact analysis of security changes.
FADES has been examined empirically both by security engineering experts and practitioners. Results obtained from the controlled experiments compare FADES to other formal methods, and show that FADES preserves security properties while maintaining better consistency, quality, and completeness. This is accomplished at a lower cost and with better results. These results have been evaluated by academic and industry experts working in the area of security and formal methods.<br>Ph. D.
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Ibrahim, Rosziati. "Formal methods applied to component-based systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Grover, Russell J. "An Exploration of Formal Methods and Tools Applied to a Small Satellite Software System." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/743.
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Formal system modeling has been a topic of interest in the research community for many years. Modeling a system helps engineers understand it better and enables them to check different aspects of it to ensure that there is no undesired or unexpected behavior and that it does what it was designed to do. This thesis takes two existing tools that were created to aid in the designing of spacecraft systems and creates a layer to connect them together and allow them to be used jointly. The first tool is a library of formal descriptions used to specify spacecraft behavior in an unambiguous manner. The second tool is a graphical modeling language that allows a designer to create a model using traditional block diagram descriptions. These block diagrams can be translated to the formal descriptions using the layer created as part of this thesis work.
The software of a small satellite, and the additions made to it as part of this thesis work, is also described. Approaches to modeling this software formally are discussed, as are the problems that were encountered that led to expansions of the formal description library to allow better system description.
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Kotze, Paula. "The use of formal methods in the design of interactive authoring support environments." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387556.
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Cabral, Glauber Módolo. "Criação de uma biblioteca padrão para a linguagem HasCASL." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275798.
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Orientador: Arnaldo Vieira Moura<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:14:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Métodos formais são ferramentas da Engenharia de Software que empregam formalismos matemáticos na construção de programas. Em geral, são compostos por uma ou mais linguagens de especificação e algumas ferramentas auxiliares. A linguagem de especificação algébrica Common Algebraic Specification Language (Casl) foi concebida para ser a linguagem padrão na área de especificação algébrica. A linguagem HasCasl é a extensão da linguagem Casl responsável por suportar lógica de segunda ordem e possui um subconjunto de sua sintaxe que se assemelha à linguagem de programação Haskell e que pode ser executado. O uso prático de uma linguagem de especificação depende da disponibilidade de uma biblioteca padrão de especificações pré-definidas. Embora Casl possua tal biblioteca, esta não disponibiliza propriedades e tipos de dados de segunda ordem. Esta dissertação descreve a especificação de uma biblioteca para a linguagem HasCasl com funções e tipos de dados de segunda ordem, tendo como referência a biblioteca Prelude da linguagem Haskell. Os tipos de dados especificados incluem o tipo booleano, listas, caracteres e cadeias de caracteres, além de classes e funções presentes na biblioteca Prelude. Uma primeira versão da biblioteca faz uso de tipos de dados com avaliação estrita, devido à complexidade de iniciar o processo de especificação com o uso de tipos com avaliação preguiçosa. Um refinamento posterior da biblioteca incluiu o suporte a tipos de dados com avaliação preguiçosa. A verificação de ambas as versões da biblioteca foi realizada com o uso da ferramenta Hets, responsável por traduzir as especificações escritas na linguagem HasCasl para a linguagem HOL e gerar necessidades de prova verificadas com o auxílio do provador de teoremas Isabelle. Para ilustrar o uso dos tipos de dados especificados foram incluídas algumas especificações de exemplo envolvendo listas e tipos booleanos. Algumas sugestões de extensão à biblioteca são propostas, tais como o suporte à recursão e às estruturas infinitas, além do aperfeiçoamento do suporte a provas relacionadas a especificações importadas da biblioteca da linguagem Casl<br>Abstract: Formal methods can be used as software engineering tools that employ mathematical formalisms for building and verifying programs. They are usually composed of one or more specification languages and some auxiliary tools. The Common Algebraic Specification Language (Casl) is designed to be the standard language in the area of algebraic specification, taking tecnical elements from other specification languages. The HasCasl language is the extention of the Casl language that is responsible for supporting secondorder logic, which has a subset of its syntax resembling the Haskell programming language. The practical use of a specification language depends on the availability of a standard library of pre-defined specifications. CASL has such a library and its specifications can be imported by specifications developed in HasCasl. However, the library of the Casl language does not provide higer order properties and data types. This dissertation describes the specification of a library for the language HasCasl based on the Prelude library from the Haskell programming language. The library created her provides second-order functions and data types. It does so by specifying data types and functions existing in Haskell language, such as boolean, list, character and string types. The first version of our library uses types with strict evaluation. The second version of the library has been refined to support types with lazy evaluation. Verification of both libraries was performed using the Hets tool, which translates specifications to the HOL language, producing proof needs that were discharged with the help of the Isabelle theorem prover. To illustrate the use of our library, some example specifications using lists and boolean types are included. Some suggestions for extension of the library are proposed, dealing with support for infinite structures and numeric data types<br>Mestrado<br>Linguagens de Programação<br>Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Masi, Riccardo. "Software verification and validation methods with advanced design patterns and formal code analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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This thesis focuses on the description and the improvement of the host company software life cycle, with a focus on the Verification and Validation phase. The host company is an international group, the world leader in the supply of advanced technologies for the ceramic, metal, packaging industries, food and beverage, and the production of plastic containers and advanced materials.
The software life cycle is an extremely important development process for building the state-of-art of software products and it is a process that requires methodology, control, and appropriate documentation. For companies, quality assurance in software development has become a very expensive activity from an economic point of view and the verification and validation phase is essential to reduce these costs.
The starting point of the thesis consists of the analysis and evaluation of the answers obtained through a company survey submitted to the software developers during the first phase of the internship.
Subsequently, the description of a typical software life cycle management is predominant, with particular attention to the Verification and Validation phase, explained through some practice examples.
Afterward, we will analyze in detail the different methodologies and strategies of the Software Verification and Validation process, starting from static analysis, passing through classical methodologies of dynamic analysis, and concluding with innovative Verification and Validation solutions to automate the process.
The main goal of the thesis is the optimization and standardization of the automation software life cycle of the host company, proposing innovative solutions for every single phase of the process and possible future research and updates.
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Barnes, Jeffrey M. "Software Architecture Evolution." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/291.
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Many software systems eventually undergo changes to their basic architectural structure. Such changes may be prompted by new feature requests, new quality attribute requirements, changing technology, or other reasons. Whatever the causes, architecture evolution is commonplace in real-world software projects.
Today’s software architects, however, have few techniques to help them plan such evolution. In particular, they have little assistance in planning alternatives, making trade-offs among these different alternatives, or applying best practices for particular domains.
To address this, we have developed an approach for assisting architects in planning and reasoning about software architecture evolution. Our approach is based on modeling and analyzing potential evolution paths that represent different ways of evolving the system. We represent an evolution path as a sequence of transitional architectural states leading from the initial architecture to the target architecture, along with evolution operators that characterize the transitions among these states. We support analysis of evolution paths through the definition and application of constraints that express rules governing the evolution of the systemand evaluation functions that assess path quality. Finally, a set of these modeling elements may be grouped together into an evolution style that encapsulates a body of knowledge relevant to a particular domain of architecture evolution.
We evaluate this approach in three ways. First, we evaluate its applicability to real-world architecture evolution projects. This is accomplished through case studies of two very different software organizations. Second, we undertake a formal evaluation of the computational complexity of verifying evolution constraints. Finally, we evaluate the implementability of the approach based on our experiences developing prototype tools for software architecture evolution.
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Gaither, Danielle. "Improving Software Quality through Syntax and Semantics Verification of Requirements Models." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404542/.
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Software defects can frequently be traced to poorly-specified requirements. Many software teams manage their requirements using tools such as checklists and databases, which lack a formal semantic mapping to system behavior. Such a mapping can be especially helpful for safety-critical systems. Another limitation of many requirements analysis methods is that much of the analysis must still be done manually. We propose techniques that automate portions of the requirements analysis process, as well as clarify the syntax and semantics of requirements models using a variety of methods, including machine learning tools and our own tool, VeriCCM. The machine learning tools used help us identify potential model elements and verify their correctness. VeriCCM, a formalized extension of the causal component model (CCM), uses formal methods to ensure that requirements are well-formed, as well as providing the beginnings of a full formal semantics. We also explore the use of statecharts to identify potential abnormal behaviors from a given set of requirements. At each stage, we perform empirical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.
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Kwan, Irwin. "On the Maintenance Costs of Formal Software Requirements Specification Written in the Software Cost Reduction and in the Real-time Unified Modeling Language Notations." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1092.
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A formal specification language used during the requirements phase can reduce errors and rework, but formal specifications are regarded as expensive to maintain, discouraging their adoption. This work presents a single-subject experiment that explores the costs of modifying specifications written in two different languages: a tabular notation, Software Cost Reduction (SCR), and a state-of-the-practice notation, Real-time Unified Modeling Language (UML). The study records the person-hours required to write each specification, the number of defects made during each specification effort, and the amount of time repairing these defects. Two different problems are specified—a Bidirectional Formatter (BDF), and a Bicycle Computer (BC)—to balance a learning effect from specifying the same problem twice with different specification languages. During the experiment, an updated feature for each problem is sent to the subject and each specification is modified to reflect the changes. <br /><br /> The results show that the cost to modify a specification are highly dependent on both the problem and the language used. There is no evidence that a tabular notation is easier to modify than a state-of-the-practice notation. <br /><br /> A side-effect of the experiment indicates there is a strong learning effect, independent of the language: in the BDF problem, the second time specifying the problem required more time, but resulted in a better-quality specification than the first time; in the BC problem, the second time specifying the problem required less time and resulted in the same quality specification as the first time. <br /><br /> This work demonstrates also that single-subject experiments can add important information to the growing body of empirical data about the use of formal requirements specifications in software development.
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Medeiros, J?nior Val?rio Gutemberg de. "Aplica??o do m?todo B ao projeto formal de software embarcado." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18679.
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Previous issue date: 2009-09-09<br>This work shows a project method proposed to design and build software components from the software functional m del up to assembly code level in a rigorous fashion. This
method is based on the B method, which was developed with support and interest of British Petroleum (BP). One goal of this methodology is to contribute to solve an important
problem, known as The Verifying Compiler. Besides, this work describes a formal model of Z80 microcontroller and a real system of petroleum area. To achieve this goal,
the formal model of Z80 was developed and documented, as it is one key component for the verification upto the assembly level. In order to improve the mentioned methodology,
it was applied on a petroleum production test system, which is presented in this work. Part of this technique is performed manually. However, almost of these activities can be
automated by a specific compiler. To build such compiler, the formal modelling of microcontroller and modelling of production test system should provide relevant knowledge and experiences to the design of a new compiler. In ummary, this work should improve the viability of one of the most stringent criteria for formal verification: speeding up the verification process, reducing design time and increasing the quality and reliability of the product of the final software. All these qualities are very important for systems that involve
serious risks or in need of a high confidence, which is very common in the petroleum industry<br>Este trabalho apresenta um m?todo de projeto proposta para veri ca??o formal do
modelo funcional do software at? o n?vel da linguagem assembly. Esse m?todo ? fundamentada
no m?todo B, o qual foi desenvolvido com o apoio e interesse da multinacional do
setor de petr?leo e g?s British Petroleum (BP). A evolu??o dessa metodologia tem como
objetivo contribuir na resposta de um importante problema, que pertence aos grandes
desa os da computa??o, conhecido como The Verifying Compiler . Nesse contexto, o
presente trabalho descreve um modelo formal do microcontrolador Z80 e um sistema real
da ?rea de petr?leo. O modelo formal do Z80 foi desenvolvido e documentado, por ser
um pr?-requisito para a veri ca??o at? n?vel de assembly. A m de validar e desenvolver
a metodologia citada, ela foi aplicada em um sistema de teste de produ??o de po?os de
petr?leo, o qual ? apresentado neste trabalho. Atualmente, algumas atividades s?o realizadas
manualmente. No entanto, uma parte signifi cativa dessas atividades pode ser
automatizada atrav?s de um compilador espec?fi co. Para esse m, a modelagem formal
do microcontrolador e a modelagem do sistema de teste de produ??o fornecem conhecimentos
e experi?ncias importantes para o projeto de um novo compilador. Em suma, esse
trabalho deve melhorar a viabilidade de um dos mais rigorosos crit?rios de veri ca??o
formal: acelerando o processo de verifica??o, reduzindo o tempo de projeto e aumentando
a qualidade e con fian?a do produto de software final. Todas essas qualidades s?o bastante
relevantes para sistemas que envolvem s?rios riscos ou exigem alta confian?a, os quais s?o
muito comuns na ind?stria do petr?leo
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Vadaparty, Sirisha Lakshmi. "Semantic tableaux program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2953.
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This project created a program that takes predicate calculus formulas and creates a visual Semantic Tableaux truth tree, thereby proving or disproving a conclusion. Formal methods used in developing and verifying software and hardware are mathematically based techniques for describing and reasoning about system properties. Such formal methods provide frameworks within which people specify, develop, and verify systems in a systematic, rather than ad hoc, manner. Formal methods include the more specific activities of program specification, program verification and hardware verification.
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Soares, Junior Jurandy Martins. "Teste de conformidade em contexto guiado por casos de teste do componente." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276102.
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Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Anido<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Testar um subsistema embarcado em um sistema complexo, assumindo-se que os demais subsistemas são livres de falhas, é conhecido como teste de conformidade em contexto. A complexidade deste teste reside no fato do subsistema mais externo, conhecido como contexto, ocultar muitas interações e eventos nos quais o sistema embarcado, conhecido como componente, participa. Nas últimas décadas alguns algoritmos foram desenvolvidos para resolver o problema. Muitos deles, no entanto, ignoram as condições nas quais podem ser aplicados. Nesta dissertação estudamos a teoria e os algoritmos relacionados a teste de conformidade e a teste de conformidade em contexto, propomos uma nova abordagem guiada por casos de teste do componente e analisamos as condições necessárias e suficientes para aplicá-Ia. A validação das condições necessárias e suficientes foi feita em estudos de casos com a pilha de protocolos do TCP/IP, com os protocolos HTTP e HTTPS via Proxy e com DHCP via relay-agent. Os algoritmos estudados foram experimentados nas especificações dos protocolos ABP, SCU e TCP<br>Abstract: Testing a subsystem embedded into a complex system, in which the other subsystems are assumed to be fault-free, is known as confonnance testing in contexto The complexity behind this test resides in the fact that the most external system, known as context, hides many interactions and events in which the embedded subsystem, known as component, participates. In the last decades some algorithms were developed to solve the problem. Many of them, however, ignore the conditions under which they can be applied. In this dissertation we study the theory and the algorithms related to confonnance testing and conformance testing in context, we propose a new approach guided by component's test cases, and we analyze the necessary and sufficient conditions to apply it. The validation of the necessary and sufficient conditions was done in case studies with the TCP/IP protocol stack, with the protocols HTTP and HTTPS . via Proxy, and with DHCP via relay-agent. The algorithms studied were experimented in the specifications of protocols ABP, seu e TCP<br>Mestrado<br>Engenharia de Protocolos<br>Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Slaymaker, Mark Arthur. "The formalisation and transformation of access control policies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:179cd9d2-0547-42b7-84a0-690bc4478bfb.
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Increasing amounts of data are being collected and stored relating to every aspect of an individual's life, ranging from shopping habits to medical conditions. This data is increasingly being shared for a variety of reasons, from providing vast quantities of data to validate the latest medical hypothesis, to supporting companies in targeting advertising and promotions to individuals that fit a certain profile. In such cases, the data being used often comes from multiple sources --- with each of the contributing parties owning, and being legally responsible for, their own data. Within such models of collaboration, access control becomes important to each of the individual data owners. Although they wish to share data and benefit from information that others have provided, they do not wish to give away the entirety of their own data. Rather, they wish to use access control policies that give them control over which aspects of the data can be seen by particular individuals and groups. Each data owner will have access control policies that are carefully crafted and understood --- defined in terms of the access control representation that they use, which may be very different from the model of access control utilised by other data owners or by the technology facilitating the data sharing. Achieving interoperability in such circumstances would typically require the rewriting of the policies into a uniform or standard representation --- which may give rise to the need to embrace a new access control representation and/or the utilisation of a manual, error-prone, translation. In this thesis we propose an alternative approach, which embraces heterogeneity, and establishes a framework for automatic transformations of access control policies. This has the benefit of allowing data owners to continue to use their access control paradigm of choice. Of course, it is important that the data owners have some confidence in the fact that the new, transformed, access control policy representation accurately reflects their intentions. To this end, the use of tools for formal modelling and analysis allows us to reason about the translation, and demonstrate that the policies expressed in both representations are equivalent under access control requests; that is, for any given request both access control mechanisms will give an equivalent access decision. For the general case, we might propose a standard intermediate access control representation with transformations to and from each access control policy language of interest. However, for the purpose of this thesis, we have chosen to model the translation between role-based access control (RBAC) and the XML-based policy language, XACML, as a proof of concept of our approach. In addition to the formal models of the access control mechanisms and the translation, we provide, by way of a case study, an example of an implementation which performs the translation. The contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, we propose an approach to resolving issues of authorisation heterogeneity within distributed contexts, with the requirements being derived from nearly eight years of work in developing secure, distributed systems. Our second contribution is the formal description of two popular approaches to access control: RBAC and XACML. Our third contribution is the development of an Alloy model of our transformation process. Finally, we have developed an application that validates our approach, and supports the transformation process by allowing policy writers to state, with confidence, that two different representations of the same policy are equivalent.
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Lei, Li. "Hardware/Software Interface Assurance with Conformance Checking." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2323.
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Hardware/Software (HW/SW) interfaces are pervasive in modern computer systems. Most of HW/SW interfaces are implemented by devices and their device drivers. Unfortunately, HW/SW interfaces are unreliable and insecure due to their intrinsic complexity and error-prone nature. Moreover, assuring HW/SW interface reliability and security is challenging. First, at the post-silicon validation stage, HW/SW integration validation is largely an ad-hoc and time-consuming process. Second, at the system deployment stage, transient hardware failures and malicious attacks make HW/SW interfaces vulnerable even after intensive testing and validation. In this dissertation, we present a comprehensive solution for HW/SW interface assurance over the system life cycle. This solution is composited of two major parts. First, our solution provides a systematic HW/SW co-validation framework which validates hardware and software together; Second, based on the co-validation framework, we design two schemes for assuring HW/SW interfaces over the system life cycle: (1) post-silicon HW/SW co-validation at the post-silicon validation stage; (2) HW/SW co-monitoring at the system deployment stage. Our HW/SW co-validation framework employs a key technique, conformance checking which checks the interface conformance between the device and its reference model. Furthermore, property checking is carried out to verify system properties over the interactions between the reference model and the driver. Based on the conformance between the reference model and the device, properties hold on the reference model/driver interface also hold on the device/driver interface. Conformance checking discovers inconsistencies between the device and its reference model thereby validating device interface implementations of both sides. Property checking detects both device and driver violations of HW/SW interface protocols. By detecting device and driver errors, our co-validation approach provides a systematic and ecient way to validate HW/SW interfaces. We developed two software tools which implement the two assurance schemes: DCC (Device Conformance Checker), a co-validation framework for post-silicon HW/SW integration validation; and CoMon (HW/SW Co-monitoring), a runtime verication framework for detecting bugs and malicious attacks across HW/SW interfaces. The two software tools lead to discovery of 42 bugs from four industry hardware devices, the device drivers, and their reference models. The results have demonstrated the signicance of our approach in HW/SW interface assurance of industry applications.
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Chrszon, Philipp, Clemens Dubslaff, Sascha Klüppelholz, and Christel Baier. "ProFeat: Feature-oriented engineering for family-based probabilistic model checking." Springer, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70792.
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The concept of features provides an elegant way to specify families of systems. Given a base system, features encapsulate additional functionalities that can be activated or deactivated to enhance or restrict the base system’s behaviors. Features can also facilitate the analysis of families of systems by exploiting commonalities of the family members and performing an all-in-one analysis, where all systems of the family are analyzed at once on a single family model instead of one-by-one. Most prominent, the concept of features has been successfully applied to describe and analyze (software) product lines. We present the tool ProFeat that supports the feature-oriented engineering process for stochastic systems by probabilistic model checking. To describe families of stochastic systems, ProFeat extends models for the prominent probabilistic model checker Prism by feature-oriented concepts, including support for probabilistic product lines with dynamic feature switches, multi-features and feature attributes. ProFeat provides a compact symbolic representation of the analysis results for each family member obtained by Prism to support, e.g., model repair or refinement during feature-oriented development. By means of several case studies we show how ProFeat eases family-based quantitative analysis and compare one-by-one and all-in-one analysis approaches.
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Matias, Matthew John. "Program Verification of FreeRTOS using Microsoft Dafny." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1400085349.
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Fayolle, Thomas. "Combinaison de méthodes formelles pour la spécification de systèmes industriels." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1078/document.
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La spécification d’un système industriel nécessite la collaboration d’un ingénieur connaissant le système à modéliser et d’un ingénieur connaissant le langage de modélisation. L'utilisation d'un langage de spécification graphique, tel que les ASTD (Algebraic State Transition Diagram), permet de faciliter cette collaboration. Dans cette thèse, nous définissons une méthode de spécification graphique et formelle qui combine les ASTD avec les langages Event-B et B. L’ordonnancement des actions de la spécification est décrit par les ASTD et le modèle de données est décrit dans la spécification Event-B. La spécification B permet de vérifier la cohérence du modèle : les événements Event-B doivent pouvoir être exécutés lorsque les transitions associées doivent l’être. Un raffinement combiné des ASTD et d’Event-B permet la spécification incrémental du système. Afin de valider son apport, la méthode de spécification a été utilisée pour la spécification de cas d’études<br>Specifying industrial systems requires collaboration between an engineer that knows how the system works and an engineer that know the specification language. Graphical specification languages can help this collaboration. In this PhD Thesis a method is defined that combines ASTD (Algebraic State Transition Diagram), a formal graphical notation, with B and Event-B langagues. The ordering of actions is specified using ASTD and the data model is specified using Event-B. B specification is used to verify the consistency of the model : Event-B events have to be executed when the corresponding transitions have to be executed. A combined refinement allows to incrementaly design the system
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Krishna, Aneesh. "Practical methodologies for agent-oriented conceptual modelling." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060815.122954/index.html.
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Wong, Peter Yung Ho. "Formalisations and applications of business process modelling notation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555361.
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Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) is a standardised diagram notation for modelling interactive workflow processes graphically at the design stage. The primary objective of this thesis is to provide a framework for precise specifications and formal verifications of workflow processes modelled as BPMN diagrams. We provide two behavioural semantics for BPMN in the process algebra Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). We apply existing CSP refinement orderings to both the refinement of business process diagrams and the verification of behavioural compatibility of business process collaborations. The first semantic model is an untimed model, focusing on the control flow and communication of business processes. The second semantic model extends the first one to capture the timing aspect of behaviour. We also consider the applications of the semantic models. The secondary objective of this thesis is to apply BPMN and the semantic models to reason about long running empirical studies (e.g. laboratory experiments, clinical trials). We introduce a declarative workflow model Empiricol for recording trials and experiments precisely, and define bidirectional transformation functions between BPMN and Empiricol. Using the transformation functions, we make graphical specification, simulation, automation and verification of trials and experiments possible. We provide two case studies on the applications of BPMN’s formalisations.
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Ribeiro, Adagenor Lobato. "Semântica e uma ferramenta para o método SADT." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24146.
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A definição de requisitos tem sido reconhecida como uma das mais críticas e difíceis tarefas em engenharia de software. A necessidade de ferramentas de suporte é essencial. Nos dias de hoje, entre os vários métodos existentes para apoiar a fase de requisitos, destaca-se o SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Techniques) devido a sua capacidade de representar modelos. Este trabalho estabelece semântica para o método SADT, baseando-se na inter-relação do método aos sistemas de fluxo de dados (redes, grafos e máquinas de fluxo). Faz-se, inicialmente, uma abordagem operacional para a semântica de seus construtos básicos e, posteriormente discute-se a possibilidade de executar especificações através de simulação. Uma ferramenta para suportar o método SADT foi projetada e construída e é apresentada. Ela foi definida a partir de um modelo, denotado por uma classe, através de uma sintaxe abstrata. Essa ferramenta foi implementada no ambiente PROSOFT, fornecendo para o usuário mais de quarenta operações de apoio a construção/manipulação de diagramas. O trabalho também apresenta a especificação formal em VDM - Vienna Development Method, da semântica dos principais construtos do método SADT, bem como uma proposição de execução de especificações através de simulação são ainda indicadas direções nas quais o trabalho pode ser estendido.<br>The definition of systems requirements has been known as one of the most critical and dificult tasks as far as the software engineering is concerned. The need support is essential. Nowadays, among the various methods devised to support the phase of requirements, a special emphasis is given to the SADT method (Structured Analysis and Design Techniques), due to its capability of representing models. This work set semantic for the SADT method, based primarily upon the interrelation of the method to the systems of dataflow (nets, graphs and dataflow machines). It deals with an approach of operational semantics to its basic constructs, and it will, afterwards, discuss the possibility of carry out specifications by simulation. A tool was built to support the SADT method, and it was defined by a model denoted by a class, through an abstract syntax. This tool was implemented in the PROSOFT environment, providing for the user, more than forty support operations for the construction /manipulation of diagrams. This work also presents the formal specification of the semantics of the main constructs of the SADT method in VDM - Vienna Development Method; as well as an execution proposal of specifications through simulation. Directions have been indicated concerning the extension of the research.
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Maïga, Oumar. "An integrated language for the specification, simulation, formal analysis and enactment of discrete event systems." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22662/document.
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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie qui intègre les méthodes formelles dans la spécification, la conception, la vérification et la validation des systèmes complexes concurrents et distribués avec une perspective à événements discrets. La méthodologie est basée sur le langage graphique HILLS (High Level Language for System Specification) que nous avons défini. HiLLS intègre des concepts de génie logiciel et de théorie des systèmes pour une spécification des systèmes. Précisément, HiLLS intègre des concepts et notations de DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification), UML (Unified Modeling Language) et Object-Z. Les objectifs de HILLS incluent la définition d’une syntaxe concrète graphique qui facilite la communicabilité des modèles et plusieurs domaines sémantiques pour la simulation, le prototypage, l’enaction et l’accessibilité à l’analyse formelle. L’Enaction se définit par le processus de création d’une instance du système qui s’exécute en temps réel (par opposition au temps virtuel utilisé en simulation). HiLLS permet la construction hiérarchique et modulaire des systèmes à événements discrets grâce à une description simple et rigoureuse des aspects statiques, dynamiques et fonctionnels des modèles. La sémantique pour simulation de HiLLS est définie en établissant un morphisme sémantique entre HiLLS et DEVS; de cette façon chaque modèle HiLLS peut être simulé en utilisant un simulateur DEVS. Cette approche permet aux utilisateurs DEVS d’utiliser HiLLS comme un langage de spécification dans la phase de modélisation et d’utiliser leurs propres implémentations locales ou distribuées de DEVS en phase de simulation. L’enactment des modèles HiLLS est basé sur une adaptation du patron de conception Observateur pour leur implémentation. La vérification formelle est faite en établissant un morphisme entre chaque niveau d’abstraction de HiLLS et une méthode formelle adaptée pour la vérification formelle des propriétés à ce niveau. Les modèles formels sur lesquels sont faites les vérifications formelles sont obtenus à partir des spécifications HiLLS en utilisant des morphismes. Les trois niveaux d’abstraction de HiLLS sont : le niveau composite, le niveau unitaire et le niveau des traces. Ces niveaux correspondent respectivement aux trois niveaux suivants de la hiérarchie de spécification des systèmes proposée par Zeigler : CN (Coupled Network), IOS (Input Output System) et IORO (Input Output Relation Observation). Nous avons établi des morphismes entre le niveau Composite et CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes), entre le niveau unitaire et Z, et nous utilisons les logiques temporelles telles que LTL, CTL et TCTL pour exprimer les propriétés sur les traces. HiLLS permet à la fois la spécification des modèles à structures statiques et les modèles à structures variables. Dans le cas des systèmes à structures variables, le niveau composite intègre à la fois des propriétés basées sur les états et les processus. Pour prendre en compte ces deux aspects, un morphisme est défini entre le niveau Composite de HiLLS et CSPZ (une combinaison de CSP et Z). Le processus de vérification et de validation combine la simulation, la vérification exhaustive de modèle (model checking) et la preuve de théorèmes (theorem proving) dans un Framework commun. La vérification exhaustive et la preuve de théorèmes sur les modèles HiLLS sont basées sur les outils associés aux méthodes formelles sélectionnées dans les morphismes. Nous appliquons la méthodologie de modélisation de HiLLS à la modélisation du Alternating Bit Protocol (ABP) et à celle d’un guichet automatique de dépôt de billet (Automated Teller Machine) (ATM)<br>This thesis proposes a methodology which integrates formal methods in the specification, design, verification and validation processes of complex, concurrent and distributed systems with discrete events perspectives. The methodology is based on the graphical language HILLS (High Level Language for System Specification) that we defined. HiLLS integrates software engineering and system theoretic views for the specification of systems. Precisely, HiLLS integrates concepts and notations from DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification), UML (Unified Modeling Language) and Object-Z. The objectives of HILLS include the definition of a highly communicable graphical concrete syntax and multiple semantic domains for simulation, prototyping, enactment and accessibility to formal analysis. Enactment refers to the process of creating an instance of system executing in real-clock time. HILLS allows hierarchical and modular construction of discrete event systems models while facilitating the modeling process due to the simple and rigorous description of the static, dynamic, structural and functional aspects of the models. Simulation semantics is defined for HiLLS by establishing a semantic mapping between HiLLS and DEVS; in this way each HiLLS model can be simulated by a DEVS simulator. This approach allow DEVS users to use HiLLS as a modeling language in the modeling phase and use their own stand alone or distributed DEVS implementation package to simulate the models. An enactment of HiLLS models is defined by adapting the observer design-pattern to their implementation. The formal verification of HiLLS models is made by establishing morphisms between each level of abstraction of HILLS and a formal method adapted for the formal verification of the properties at this level. The formal models on which are made the formal verification are obtained from HILLS specifications by using the mapping functions. The three levels of abstraction of HILLS are: the Composite level, the Unitary level and the Traces level. These levels correspond respectively to the following levels of the system specification hierarchy proposed by Zeigler: CN (Coupled Network), IOS (Input Output System) and IORO (Input Output Relation Observation). We have established morphisms between the Composite level and CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes), between Unitary level and Z and we expect to use temporal logics like LTL, CTL and TCTL to express traces level properties. HiLLS allows the specification of both static and dynamic structure systems. In case of dynamic structure systems, the composite level integrates both sate-based and process-based properties. To handle at the same time state-based and process-based properties, morphism is established between the dynamic composite level and CSPZ (a combination of CSP and Z); The verification and validation process combine simulation, model checking and theorem proving techniques in a common framework. The model checking and theorem proving of HILLS models are based on an integrated tooling framework composed of tools supporting the notations of the selected formal methods in the established morphisms. We apply our methodology to modeling of the Alternating Bit Protocol (ABP) and the Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
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Foughali, Mohammed. "Vérification Formelle des Modules Fonctionnels de Systèmes Robotiques et Autonomes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0033.
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Les systèmes robotiques et autonomes ne cessent d’évoluer et deviennent de plus en plus impliqués dans les missions à coût considérable et/ou dans les milieux humains. Par conséquent, les simulations et campagnes de tests ne sont plus adaptées à la problématique de sûreté et fiabilité des systèmes robotiques et autonomes compte tenu (i) du caractère sérieux des défaillances éventuelles dans les contextes susmentionnés (un dommage à un robot très coûteux ou plus dramatiquement une atteinte aux vies humaines) et (ii) de la nature non exhaustive de ces techniques (les tests et simulations peuvent toujours passer à côté d’un scénario d’exécution catastrophique.Les méthodes formelles, quant à elles, peinent à s’imposer dans le domaine de la robotique autonome, notamment au niveau fonctionnel des robots, i.e. les composants logiciels interagissant directement avec les capteurs et les actionneurs. Elle est due à plusieurs facteurs. D’abord, les composants fonctionnels reflètent un degré de complexité conséquent, ce qui mène souvent à une explosion combinatoire de l’espace d’états atteignables (comme l’exploration se veut exhaustive). En outre, les composants fonctionnels sont décrits à travers des languages et frameworks informels (ROS, GenoM, etc.). Leurs spécifications doivent alors être traduites en des modèles formels avant de pouvoir y appliquer les méthodes formelles associées. Ceci est souvent pénible, lent, exposé à des erreurs, et non automatique, ce qui implique un investissement dans le temps aux limites de la rentabilité. Nous proposons, dans cette thèse, de connecter GenoM3, un framework de développement et déploiement de composants fonctionnels robotiques, à des langages formels et leurs outils de vérification respectifs. Cette connexion se veut automatique: nous développons des templates en mesure de traduire n’importe quelle spécification de GenoM3 en langages formels. Ceci passe par une formalisation de GenoM3: une sémantique formelle opérationnelle est donnée au langage. Une traduction à partir de cette sémantique est réalisée vers des langages formels et prouvée correcte par bisimulation. Nous comparons de différents langages cibles, formalismes et techniques et tirerons les conclusions de cette comparaison. La modélisation se veut aussi, et surtout, efficace. Un modèle correct n’est pas forcément utile. En effet, le passage à l’échelle est particulièrement important.Cette thèse porte donc sur l'applicabilité des méthodes formelles aux compo-sants fonctionnels des systèmes robotiques et autonomes. Le but est d'aller vers des robots autonomes plus sûrs avec un comportement plus connu et prévisible. Cela passe par la mise en place d'un mécanisme de génération automatique de modèles formels à partir de modules fonctionnels de sys-tèmes robotiques et autonomes. Les langages et outils cibles sont Fiacre/TINA et UPPAAL (model checking), UPPAAL-SMC (statistical model checking), BIP/RTD-Finder (SAT solving), et BIP/Engine (enforcement de propriétés en ligne). Les modèles générés sont exploités pour vérifier des propriétés quali-tatives ou temps-réel, souvent critiques pour les systèmes robotiques et auto-nomes considérés. Parmi ces propriétés, on peut citer, à titre d'exemple, l'ordonnançabilité des tâches périodiques, la réactivité des tâches spora-diques, l'absence d’interblocages, la vivacité conditionnée (un évènement tou-jours finit par suivre un autre), la vivacité conditionnée bornée (un évène-ment toujours suit un autre dans un intervalle de temps borné), l'accessibilité (des états “indésirables” ne sont jamais atteints), etc.La thèse propose éga-lement une analyse du feedback expérimental afin de guider les ingénieurs à exploiter ces méthodes et techniques de vérification efficacement sur les mo-dèles automatiquement générés<br>The goal of this thesis is to add to the efforts toward the long-sought objective of secure and safe robots with predictable and a priori known behavior. For the reasons given above, formal methods are used to model and verify crucial properties, with a focus on the functional level of robotic systems. The approach relies on automatic generation of formal models targeting several frameworks. For this, we give operational semantics to a robotic framework, then several mathematically proven translations are derived from such semantics. These translations are then automatized so any robotic functional layer specification can be translated automatically and promptly to various frameworks/languages. Thus, we provide a mathematically correct mapping from functional components to verifiable models. The obtained models are used to formulate and verify crucial properties (see examples above) on real-world complex robotic and autonomous systems. This thesis provides also a valuable feedback on the applicability of formal frameworks on real-world, complex systems and experience-based guidelines on the efficient use of formal-model automatic generators. In this context, efficiency relates to, for instance, how to use the different model checking tools optimally depending on the properties to verify, what to do when the models do not scale with model checking (e.g. the advantages and drawbacks of statistical model checking and runtime verification and when to use the former or the latter depending on the type of properties and the order of magnitude of timing constraints)
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Santos, Simone de Oliveira. "KitSmart: Uma biblioteca de componentes para o desenvolvimento rigoroso de aplica??es Java Card com o m?todo B." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18043.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-10<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>The development of smart card applications requires a high level of reliability. Formal methods provide means for this reliability to be achieved. The BSmart method and tool contribute to the development of smart card applications with the support of the B
method, generating Java Card code from B specifications. For the development with BSmart to be effectively rigorous without overloading the user it is important to have
a library of reusable components built in B. The goal of KitSmart is to provide this support. A first research about the composition of this library was a graduation work from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, made by Thiago Dutra in 2006. This
first version of the kit resulted in a specification of Java Card primitive types byte, short and boolean in B and the creation of reusable components for application development. This work provides an improvement of KitSmart with the addition of API Java Card specification made in B and a guide for the creation of new components. The API Java Card in B, besides being available to be used for development of applications, is also useful as a documentation of each API class. The reusable components correspond to modules to manipulate specific structures, such as date and time. These structures are not available for B or Java Card. These components for Java Card are generated from
specifications formally verified in B. The guide contains quick reference on how to specify some structures and how some situations were adapted from object-orientation to the
B Method. This work was evaluated through a case study made through the BSmart tool, that makes use of the KitSmart library. In this case study, it is possible to see the contribution of the components in a B specification. This kit should be useful for B
method users and Java Card application developers<br>O desenvolvimento de aplica??es para smart cards requer um alto grau de confiabilidade. M?todos formais fornecem meios para que esta confiabilidade seja alcan?ada. O m?todo e a ferramenta BSmart fornecem uma contribui??o para que o desenvolvimento
para smart cards seja feito com o aux?lio do m?todo formal B, gerando c?digo Java Card a partir de especifica??es B. Para que o desenvolvimento com o BSmart seja efetivamente
rigoroso sem sobrecarregar o usu?rio do m?todo ? importante que haja uma biblioteca de componentes reutiliz?veis feitos em B. O KitSmart tem como objetivo prover esse aux?lio.
Um primeiro estudo sobre a composi??o dessa biblioteca foi tema de uma monografia de gradua??o do curso de Bacharelado em Ci?ncia da Computa??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, feita por Thiago Dutra em 2006. Esta primeira vers?o do kit
resultou na especifica??o dos tipos primitivos permitidos em Java Card (byte, short e boolean) em B e a cria??o de componentes reutiliz?veis para o desenvolvimento de aplica??es.
Esta disserta??o prov? o aperfei?oamento do KitSmart com o acr?scimo da especifica??o da API Java Card em B, e um guia para o desenvolvimento de novos componentes. A API
Java Card especificada em B, al?m de estar dispon?vel para ser usada no desenvolvimento de projetos, serve como documenta??o ao especificar restri??es de uso para cada classe
da API. Os componentes reutiliz?veis correspondem a m?dulos para manipula??o de estruturas espec?ficas, como data e hora, por exemplo. Estes tipos de estruturas n?o est?o dispon?veis em B ou Java Card. Os componentes reutiliz?veis para Java Card s?o gerados a partir das especifica??es verificadas formalmente em B. O guia cont?m informa??es de consulta r?pida para especifica??o de diversas estruturas e como algumas situa??es foram contornadas para adaptar a orienta??o a objetos ao M?todo B. Este trabalho foi avaliado atrav?s de um estudo de caso feito com a ferramenta BSmart que faz uso da biblioteca
KitSmart. Neste estudo de caso, ? poss?vel ver a contribui??o dos componentes em uma especifica??o B. Este kit dever? ser ?til tanto para usu?rios do m?todo B como para desenvolvedores de aplica??es Java Card em geral
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Antignac, Thibaud. "Méthodes formelles pour le respect de la vie privée par construction." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0016/document.
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Le respect de la vie privée par construction est de plus en plus mentionné comme une étape essentielle vers une meilleure protection de la vie privée. Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication donnent naissance à de nouveaux modèles d'affaires et de services. Ces services reposent souvent sur l'exploitation de données personnelles à des fins de personnalisation. Alors que les exigences de respect de la vie privée sont de plus en plus sous tension, il apparaît que les technologies elles-mêmes devraient être utilisées pour proposer des solutions davantage satisfaisantes. Les technologies améliorant le respect de la vie privée ont fait l'objet de recherches approfondies et diverses techniques ont été développées telles que des anonymiseurs ou des mécanismes de chiffrement évolués. Cependant, le respect de la vie privée par construction va plus loin que les technologies améliorant simplement son respect. En effet, les exigences en terme de protection des données à caractère personnel doivent être prises en compte au plus tôt lors du développement d’un système car elles peuvent avoir un impact important sur l'ensemble de l'architecture de la solution. Cette approche peut donc être résumée comme « prévenir plutôt que guérir ». Des principes généraux ont été proposés pour définir des critères réglementaires de respect de la vie privée. Ils impliquent des notions telles que la minimisation des données, le contrôle par le sujet des données personnelles, la transparence des traitements ou encore la redevabilité. Ces principes ne sont cependant pas suffisamment précis pour être directement traduits en fonctionnalités techniques. De plus, aucune méthode n’a été proposée jusqu’ici pour aider à la conception et à la vérification de systèmes respectueux de la vie privée. Cette thèse propose une démarche de spécification, de conception et de vérification au niveau architectural. Cette démarche aide les concepteurs à explorer l'espace de conception d'un système de manière systématique. Elle est complétée par un cadre formel prenant en compte les exigences de confidentialité et d’intégrité des données. Enfin, un outil d’aide à la conception permet aux concepteurs non-experts de vérifier formellement les architectures. Une étude de cas illustre l’ensemble de la démarche et montre comment ces différentes contributions se complètent pour être utilisées en pratique<br>Privacy by Design (PbD) is increasingly praised as a key approach to improving privacy protection. New information and communication technologies give rise to new business models and services. These services often rely on the exploitation of personal data for the purpose of customization. While privacy is more and more at risk, the growing view is that technologies themselves should be used to propose more privacy-friendly solutions. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) have been extensively studied, and many techniques have been proposed such as anonymizers or encryption mechanisms. However, PbD goes beyond the use of PETs. Indeed, the privacy requirements of a system should be taken into account from the early stages of the design because they can have a large impact on the overall architecture of the solution. The PbD approach can be summed up as ``prevent rather than cure''. A number of principles related to the protection of personal data and privacy have been enshrined in law and soft regulations. They involve notions such as data minimization, control of personal data by the subject, transparency of the data processing, or accountability. However, it is not clear how to translate these principles into technical features, and no method exists so far to support the design and verification of privacy compliant systems. This thesis proposes a systematic process to specify, design, and verify system architectures. This process helps designers to explore the design space in a systematic way. It is complemented by a formal framework in which confidentiality and integrity requirements can be expressed. Finally, a computer-aided engineering tool enables non-expert designers to perform formal verifications of the architectures. A case study illustrates the whole approach showing how these contributions complement each other and can be used in practice
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Fernandes, Pires Anthony. "Amélioration des processus de vérification de programmes par combinaison des méthodes formelles avec l’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0023/document.
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Lors d’un développement logiciel, et plus particulièrement d’un développement d’applications embarquées avioniques, les activités de vérification représentent un coût élevé. Une des pistes prometteuses pour la réduction de ces coûts est l’utilisation de méthodes formelles. Ces méthodes s’appuient sur des fondements mathématiques et permettent d’effectuer des tâches de vérification à forte valeur ajoutée au cours du développement. Les méthodes formelles sont déjà utilisées dans l’industrie. Cependant, leur difficulté d’appréhension et la nécessité d’expertise pour leur mise en pratique sont un frein à leur utilisation massive. Parallèlement au problème des coûts liés à la vérification logicielle, vient se greffer la complexification des logiciels et du contexte de développement. L’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) permet de faire face à ces difficultés en proposant des modèles, ainsi que des activités pour en tirer profit.Le but des travaux présentés dans cette thèse est d’établir un lien entre les méthodes formelles et l’IDM afin de proposer à des utilisateurs non experts une approche de vérification formelle et automatique de programmes susceptible d’améliorer les processus de vérification actuels. Nous proposons de générer automatiquement sur le code source des annotations correspondant aux propriétés comportementales attendues du logiciel, et ce, à partir de son modèle de conception. Ces annotations peuvent ensuite être vérifiées par des outils de preuve déductive, afin de s’assurer que le comportement du code est conforme au modèle. Cette thèse CIFRE s’inscrit dans le cadre industriel d’Atos. Il est donc nécessaire de prendre en compte le contexte technique qui s’y rattache. Ainsi, nous utilisons le standard UML pour la modélisation,le langage C pour l’implémentation et l’outil Frama-C pour la preuve du code. Nous tenons également compte des contraintes du domaine du logiciel avionique dans lequel Atos est impliqué et notamment les contraintes liées à la certification.Les contributions de cette thèse sont la définition d’un sous-ensemble des machines à états UML dédié à la conception comportementale de logiciel avionique et conforme aux pratiques industrielles existantes, la définition d’un patron d’implémentation C, la définition de patrons de génération des propriétés comportementales sur le code à partir du modèle et enfin l’implémentation de l’approche dans un prototype compatible avec l’environnement de travail des utilisateurs potentiels en lien avec Atos. L’approche proposée est finalement évaluée par rapport à l’objectif de départ, par rapport aux attentes de la communauté du génie logiciel et par rapport aux travaux connexes<br>During software development, and more specifically embedded avionics applications development, verification is very expensive. A promising lead to reduce its costs is the use of formal methods. Formal methods are mathematical techniques which allow performing rigorous and high-valued verification tasks during software development. They are already applied in industry. However, the high level of expertise required for their use is a major obstacle for their massive use. In addition to the verification costs issue, today software and their development are subject to an increase in complexity. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) allows dealing with these difficulties by offering models, and tasks to capitalize on these models all along the development lifecycle. The goal of this PhD thesis is to establish a link between formal methods and MDE in order to propose to non-expert users a formal and automatic software verification approach which helps to improve software verification processes. We propose to automatically generate annotations, corresponding to the expected behavioural properties of the software, from the design model to the source code. Then, these annotations can be verified using deductive proof tools in order to ensure that the behaviour of the code conforms to the design model. This PhD thesis takes place in the industrial context of Atos. So, it is necessary to take into account its technical specificities. We use UML for the design modeling, the C language for the software implementation and the Frama-C tool for the proof of this implementation. We also take into account the constraints of the avionics field in which Atos intervenes, and specifically the certification constraints. The contributions of this PhD thesis are the definition of a subset of UML state machine dedicated to the behavioural design of embedded avionics software and in line with current industrial practices, the definition of a C implementation pattern, the definition of generation patterns for the behavioural properties from the design model to the source code and the implementation of the whole approach in a prototype in accordance with the working environment of the potential users associated with Atos. The proposed approach is then assessed with respect to the starting goal of the thesis, to the expectation of the software engineering community and to related work
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Garcia, Gutierrez Miguel Alfredo. "On the formalization of model driven software engineering /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998495778/04.
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McParland, Patrick J. "Software tools to support formal methods." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292757.
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Quintas, Figueiredo de Barros Alexandra Maria. "Formal methods for rapid software prototyping." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244903.
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Powell, Daniel, and n/a. "Formal Methods For Verification Based Software Inspection." Griffith University. School of Computing and Information Technology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030925.154706.
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Useful processes, that are independently repeatable, are utilised in all branches of science and traditional engineering disciplines but seldom in software engineering. This is particularly so with processes used for detection and correction of defects in software systems. Code inspection, as introduced by Michael Fagan at IBM in the mid 1970's is widely recognised as an effective technique for finding defects in software. Despite its reputation, code inspection, as it is currently practiced, is not a strictly repeatable process. This is due to the problems faced by inspectors when they attempt to paraphrase the complicated semantics of a unit of computer code. Verification based software inspection, as advocated by the cleanroom software engineering community, requires that arguments of correctness be formulated with the code and its specification. These arguments rely on the reader being able to extract the semantics from the code. This thesis addresses the requirement for an independently repeatable, scalable and substantially automated method for yielding semantics from computer code in a complete, unambiguous and consistent manner in order to facilitate, and make repeatable, verification based code inspection. Current literature regarding the use of code inspection for verification of software is surveyed. Empirical studies are referenced, comparing inspection to software testing and program proof. Current uses of formal methods in software engineering will be discussed, with particular reference to formal method applications in verification. Forming the basis of the presented method is a systematic, and hence repeatable, approach to the derivation of program semantics. The theories and techniques proposed for deriving semantics from program code extend current algorithmic and heuristic techniques for deriving invariants. Additionally, the techniques introduced yield weaker forms of invariant information which are also useful for verification, defect detection and correction. Methods for using these weaker invariant forms, and tools to support these methods, are introduced. Algorithmic and heuristic techniques for investigating loop progress and termination are also introduced. Some of these techniques have been automated in supporting tools, and hence, the resulting defects can be repeatably identified. Throughout this thesis a strong emphasis is placed on describing implementable algorithms to realise the derivation techniques discussed. A number of these algorithms are implemented in a tool to support the application of the verification methods presented. The techniques and tools presented in this thesis are well suited, but not limited to, supporting rigorous methods of defect detection as well as formal and semi-formal reasoning of correctness. The automation of these techniques in tools to support practical, formal code reading and correctness argument will assist in addressing the needs of trusted component technologies and the general requirement for quality in software.
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Powell, Daniel. "Formal Methods For Verification Based Software Inspection." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366466.
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Useful processes, that are independently repeatable, are utilised in all branches of science and traditional engineering disciplines but seldom in software engineering. This is particularly so with processes used for detection and correction of defects in software systems. Code inspection, as introduced by Michael Fagan at IBM in the mid 1970's is widely recognised as an effective technique for finding defects in software. Despite its reputation, code inspection, as it is currently practiced, is not a strictly repeatable process. This is due to the problems faced by inspectors when they attempt to paraphrase the complicated semantics of a unit of computer code. Verification based software inspection, as advocated by the cleanroom software engineering community, requires that arguments of correctness be formulated with the code and its specification. These arguments rely on the reader being able to extract the semantics from the code. This thesis addresses the requirement for an independently repeatable, scalable and substantially automated method for yielding semantics from computer code in a complete, unambiguous and consistent manner in order to facilitate, and make repeatable, verification based code inspection. Current literature regarding the use of code inspection for verification of software is surveyed. Empirical studies are referenced, comparing inspection to software testing and program proof. Current uses of formal methods in software engineering will be discussed, with particular reference to formal method applications in verification. Forming the basis of the presented method is a systematic, and hence repeatable, approach to the derivation of program semantics. The theories and techniques proposed for deriving semantics from program code extend current algorithmic and heuristic techniques for deriving invariants. Additionally, the techniques introduced yield weaker forms of invariant information which are also useful for verification, defect detection and correction. Methods for using these weaker invariant forms, and tools to support these methods, are introduced. Algorithmic and heuristic techniques for investigating loop progress and termination are also introduced. Some of these techniques have been automated in supporting tools, and hence, the resulting defects can be repeatably identified. Throughout this thesis a strong emphasis is placed on describing implementable algorithms to realise the derivation techniques discussed. A number of these algorithms are implemented in a tool to support the application of the verification methods presented. The techniques and tools presented in this thesis are well suited, but not limited to, supporting rigorous methods of defect detection as well as formal and semi-formal reasoning of correctness. The automation of these techniques in tools to support practical, formal code reading and correctness argument will assist in addressing the needs of trusted component technologies and the general requirement for quality in software.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Computing and Information Technology<br>Full Text
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Wang, Chen-Wei. "Model-driven development of information systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d70647c-e1b6-4cbb-b88c-707f09431db6.
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The research presented in this thesis is aimed at developing reliable information systems through the application of model-driven and formal techniques. These are techniques in which a precise, formal model of system behaviour is exploited as source code. As such a model may be more abstract, and more concise, than source code written in a conventional programming language, it should be easier and more economical to create, to analyse, and to change. The quality of the model of the system can be ensured through certain kinds of formal analysis and fixed accordingly if necessary. Most valuably, the model serves as the basis for the automated generation or configuration of a working system. This thesis provides four research contributions. The first involves the analysis of a proposed modelling language targeted at the model-driven development of information systems. Logical properties of the language are derived, as are properties of its compiled form---a guarded substitution notation. The second involves the extension of this language, and its semantics, to permit the description of workflows on information systems. Workflows described in this way may be analysed to determine, in advance of execution, the extent to which their concurrent execution may introduce the possibility of deadlock or blocking: a condition that, in this context, is synonymous with a failure to achieve the specified outcome. The third contribution concerns the validation of models written in this language by adapting existing techniques of software testing to the analysis of design models. A methodology is presented for checking model consistency, on the basis of a generated test suite, against the intended requirements. The fourth and final contribution is the presentation of an implementation strategy for the language, targeted at standard, relational databases, and an argument for its correctness, based on a simple, set-theoretic semantics for structure and operations.
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Jobredeaux, Romain J. "Formal verification of control software." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53841.
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In a context of heightened requirements for safety-critical embedded systems and
ever-increasing costs of verification and validation, this research proposes to
advance the state of formal analysis for control software. Formal methods are a
field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques and formalisms to
rigorously analyze the behavior of programs. This research develops a framework
and tools to express and prove high level properties of control law
implementations. One goal is to bridge the gap between control theory and
computer science. An annotation language is extended with symbols and axioms to
describe control-related concepts at the code level. Libraries of theorems,
along with their proofs, are developed to enable an interactive proof assistant
to verify control-related properties. Through integration in a prototype tool,
the process of verification is made automatic, and applied to several example systems.In a context of heightened requirements for safety-critical embedded systems and
ever-increasing costs of verification and validation, this research proposes to
advance the state of formal analysis for control software. Formal methods are a
field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques and formalisms to
rigorously analyze the behavior of programs. This research develops a framework
and tools to express and prove high level properties of control law
implementations. One goal is to bridge the gap between control theory and
computer science. An annotation language is extended with symbols and axioms to
describe control-related concepts at the code level. Libraries of theorems,
along with their proofs, are developed to enable an interactive proof assistant
to verify control-related properties. Through integration in a prototype tool,
the process of verification is made automatic, and applied to several example systems.
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Tosuner, Sevinc. "A case study on software development using formal methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31650.pdf.
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Mishra, Satish. "Software product and process quality improvement using formal methods." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17222.
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Die erweiterte CSP-CASL Syntax wird dazu verwendet, sowohl positive als auch negative Testfälle zu generieren. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass erwartetes und unerwünschtes Verhalten in den Testfäallen enthalten ist. Ferner werden Testterminologien für die CSP-CASL Spezifikation beschrieben, welche Softwareverfeinerungen und Erweiterungen untersuchen. Anschliessend wird die formale Definition von Softwareeigenschaften verwendet, um die Wiederverwendbarkeit von Testbestandteilen zu überprüfen. Diese Definitionen beschreiben die grundlegenden Eigenschaften im vorgeschlagenen Produkt und Prozessqualitäts- Framework. Ferner wird die Möglichkeit untersucht, die vorgeschlagenen Formalismus für die Entwicklung eines CMMI Prozesskonformen Frameworks zu verwenden. Dabei werden die Kernaspekte des CMMI Prozessmodells berücksichtigt. Das CMMI Compliance Bewertungssystem wurde entwickelt, um den Grad der Konformit ät der eingesetzten Softwareentwicklungsmethoden mit formalen Methoden zu bewerten. Ein generischer Algorithmus wird vorgeschlagen, um das Compliance Level der CMMI Prozessfelder und ihrer Komponenten zu ermitteln. Das Framework wird durch ein Tool unterstützt. Dieses Tool erlaubt es, die theoretischen Aspekte der vorgeschlagenen Theoreme praktisch zu unterstützen. Die Verwendbarkeit des vorgeschlagenen Frameworks wird an einem Anwendungsbeispiel aus der Medizintechnik gezeigt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Verständnis der Anwendung von formalen Methoden auf das Organisatorische Prozessmodell CMMI erweitert. Das komplette Framework wird repräsentiert durch die formale Spezifikationssprache CSP- CASL sowie der Prozessmodell CMMI. Ähnliche Ergebnisse können auch mit anderen formalen Methoden und Prozessverbesserungsmodellen erzielt werden. Diese Forschungsarbeit dagegen bildet einen Startpunkt für eine Prozessmodellkonformit ät mit einen auf formalen Methoden basierenden Softwaresystems sowie deren Entwicklung und Wartung.<br>The proposed formalisms and the other properties of formal methods are used to propose a framework of CMMI process model compliance. The core aspects of the CMMI process model are the process areas. A process area is a collection of best practices in a selected area. The CMMI compliance grading scheme is developed to evaluate the level of compliance with formal method based software development. A compliance algorithm is proposed to evaluate the process model through the evaluation of its components. The CMMI process areas are evaluated with a proposed algorithm. The compliance evaluation result is presented in the thesis. The complete framework is supported with a developed tool. This tool allows us to practically support our theoretical concepts. As a proof of concept, we explore our proposed framework for a medical instrument development and maintenance. In this thesis, the understanding of formal methods applicability is extended to the organizational process model, CMMI. The complete framework is presented for a formal specification language, CSP-CASL and process model, CMMI. However, similar result can be achieved with other formal methods for the compliance of other process models. This research is a starting point of process model compliance with formal methods. This has significant potential to automate the achievement of process and product quality goals of software systems.
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Burns, Colin Paul. "Analysing accident reports using structured and formal methods." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3554/.
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Formal methods are proposed as a means to improve accident reports, such as the report into the 1996 fire in the Channel Tunnel between the UK and France. The size and complexity of accident reports create difficulties for formal methods, which traditionally suffer from problems of scalability and poor readability. This thesis demonstrates that features of an engineering-style formal modelling process, particularly the structuring of activity and management of information, reduce the impact of these problems and improve the accuracy of formal models of accident reports. This thesis also contributes a detailed analysis of the methodological requirements for constructing accident report models. Structured, methodical construction and mathematical analysis of the models elicits significant problems in the content and argumentation of the reports. Once elicited, these problems can be addressed. This thesis demonstrates the benefits and limitations of taking a wider scope in the modelling process than is commonly adopted for formal accident analysis. We present a deontic action logic as a language for constructing models of accident reports. Deontic action models offer a novel view of the report, which highlights both the expected and actual behaviour in the report, and facilitates examination of the conflict between the two. This thesis contributes an objective analysis of the utility of both deontic and action logic operators to the application of modelling accident reports. A tool is also presented that executes a subset of the logic, including these deontic and action logic operators.
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Dix, A. J. "Formal methods and interactive systems : Principles and practice." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380545.
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Domingo, Lizza Tandoc. "Formal methods in specifying discrete event simulation models." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263339.
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Lisowski, Matthew A. "Development of a target recognition system using formal and semi-formal software modeling methods." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA386925.
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Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2000.<br>Thesis advisors, Neil Rowe, Man-Tak Shing. "December 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-102). Also available in print.
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Smith, Simon Robert. "Formal justification in requirements engineering." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319716.
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Mortimer, Richard Eric. "Data re-engineering using formal transformations." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4833/.
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This thesis presents and analyses a solution to the problem of formally re- engineering program data structures, allowing new representations of a program to be developed. The work is based around Ward's theory of program transformations which uses a Wide Spectrum Language, WSL, whose semantics were specially developed for use in proof of program transformations. The re-engineered code exhibits equivalent functionality to the original but differs in the degree of data abstraction and representation. Previous transformational re-engineering work has concentrated upon control flow restructuring, which has highlighted a lack of support for data restructuring in the maintainer's tool-set. Problems have been encountered during program transformation due to the lack of support for data re-engineering. A lack of strict data semantics and manipulation capabilities has left the maintainer unable to produce optimally re-engineered solutions. It has also hindered the migration of programs into other languages because it has not been possible to convert data structures into an appropriate form in the target language. The main contribution of the thesis is the Data Re-Engineering and Abstraction Mechanism (DREAM) which allows theories about type equivalence to be represented and used in a re-engineering environment. DREAM is based around the technique of "ghosting", a way of introducing different representations of data, which provides the theoretical underpinning of the changes applied to the program. A second major contribution is the introduction of data typing into the WSL language. This allows DREAM to be integrated into the existing transformation theories within WSL. These theoretical extensions of the original work have been shown to be practically viable by implementation within a prototype transformation tool, the Maintainer's Assistant. The extended tool has been used to re-engineer heavily modified, commercial legacy code. The results of this have shown that useful re-engineering work can be performed and that DREAM integrates well with existing control flow transformations.