Artículos de revistas: "French language French language French language Computational linguistics France"

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MORGAN, L. Z. "Computational Analysis of Franco-Italian: St Mark's French Manuscript 13". Literary and Linguistic Computing 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1991): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/6.1.28.

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Longhi, Julien, Claudia Marinica y Zakarya Després. "Political language patterns’ dissemination between a political leader and his campaign community: a CMC corpora analysis". European Journal of Applied Linguistics 7, n.º 2 (2 de septiembre de 2019): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2019-0009.

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AbstractPolitical campaigns are important moments for a political personality, but for their campaigners as well. During this period, ideas flow between the two, and one can wonder how the discourse of a political personality is constructed and how they use what the campaigners say. This way, one can understand the rhetorical strategies of the political personalities during campaigns.To answer these questions, in this paper we discuss the dissemination of political language patterns between a political personality and a campaign community, as a way to access political representations and ideological issues. In particular, this involves evaluating the polyphonic dimension of the discourse, widely described in enunciative linguistics, but rarely used in NLP works seeking to measure these phenomena. In this paper, we put forward an analysis methodology based on statistical computations which provides encouraging results. We tested our methodology on the case of Jean-Luc Mélenchon, a French political personality, head of the France Insoumise party and candidate in the 2017 French presidential elections. We used two corpora: one composed of a set of tweets from Jean-Luc Mélenchon, and a second composed of two sets of data coming from two different forums used by the campaign community. In the study, we compare the results from both corpora to provide answers to the political question of the construction and circulation of political ideas, studying a movement with a charismatic leader and an important campaign community. From a linguistic point of view, we discuss the links between language elements, themes, ideologies, and the rhetoric dimensions of political discourse.

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Djité, Paulin G. "The French Revolution and the French Language". Language Problems and Language Planning 16, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 1992): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.16.2.03dji.

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SOMMAIRE La révolution et la langue françaises: Y a-t-il paradoxe? L'histoire des indépendences des anciennes colonies françaises dans les années soixantes nous enseigne que la prise de conscience politique et l'émancipation des peuples de l'Afrique centrale et de l'Afrique de l'ouest sont dues aux idéaux de la révolution française. Les tirailleurs sénégalais et les premiers intellectuels de ces sous-régions se seraient inspirés de ces idéaux pour la libération de leurs peuples. Cet article examine le rapport entre les idéaux de la révolution française de 1789 et l'expansion et la promotion de la langue française. Il montre, par une analyse des données sociopolitiques et historiques que ces deux phénomènes se tiennent, et que la francophonie n'est que la suite logique de la politique linguistique en France après la révolution. RESUMO La franca revolucio kaj la franca lingvo: ĉu paradokso? La historio de la sendependigo de la iamaj francaj kolonioj en la fruaj sesdekaj jaroj sugestas, ke la politika vekigo kaj emancipigo de la popoloj de okcidenta kaj centra Afriko ĉefe ŝuldiĝas al la idealoj de la Franca Revolucio. La "tirailleurs sénégalais" kaj la unuaj intelektuloj de tiuj regionoj laŭsupoze trempis sin en la idealoj de la jaro 1789 kaj, poste, utiligis ilin por liberigi siajn popolanojn. La artikolo esploras la rilaton inter tiuj revoluciaj idealoj kaj la posta disvastigo kaj antaŭenigo de la franca lingvo. Gi montras, per lingva kaj socipolitika analizo de la historio de la Franca Revolucio kaj la franca lingvo, ke ne ekzistas malkongruo inter la du, kaj ke la frankofonia movado estas kontinuigo de la lingva politiko de Francio de post la Revolucio de 1789.

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Lodge, R. Anthony. "Authority, prescriptivism and the French standard language". Journal of French Language Studies 1, n.º 1 (marzo de 1991): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095926950000082x.

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AbstractPrescriptive attitudes to language seem to be more deeply engrained in France than in many other speech-communities. This article traces their development between the sixteenth century and the present day within the model of language standardization proposed by E. Haugen and in the light of the notion of ‘standard ideology’ proposed by J. and L. Milroy. It will be argued that early definitions of what was considered ‘the best French’ were based simply on the observed usage of ‘the best people’; later it was felt that the standard required more permanent jusitification, giving rise to the idea that the ‘best French’ was the ‘best’ because it was the variety most closely in line with clarity and reason; a third stage was reached with the French Revolution when this variety of French became mandatory for everyone wishing to be considered ‘French’ and ‘reasonable’. Powerful institutional forces are engaged in promoting and maintaining this ideology in contemporary France, but excessive rigidity in the traditional standard in the face of the alternative norms which exert countervailing pressures on speakers could lead to a sitution of diglossia.

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Prince, Gerald. "Talking French". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, n.º 5 (octubre de 2016): 1489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1489.

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I Am Not Particularly Sensitive to Space and Location, Except When it Comes to Real Estate. Still, I Cannot Help But Notice their increased importance in the human sciences: philosophers evoke heterotopies and dream of geophilosophy, historians explore lieux de mémoire (“sites of memory”), and distant reading or surface reading competes with close reading. It is as if to the end of history there corresponded a beginning of geography, and some scholars, like Michel Collot, have even spoken of a spatial turn (15).In teaching and studying French literature, which I have been doing for a long time, geographic forces have always had a significant role, because of the distance between France and the United States and because of the global situation of the two countries. That the distance has become less daunting in the past fifty or sixty years has led to more scholarly exchanges, smoother collaborations, easier access to subjects or objects, and the study of the literary extrême contemporain (“extremely contemporary”), say, or that of modern popular literature is now less problematic. As for the global situation, there has been a French loss and an American gain of cultural power, with less United States attention paid to French cultural products. This relative disaffection permeates many texts. I remember quite well how Donald Morrison buried French culture (Morrison and Compagnon), and I will not forget that Mark Bittman even argued in the New York Times that one ate better in London than in Paris. Across the ocean too, there was concern. As early as the 1990s, Jean-Marie Domenach deplored the twilight of French civilization. A few years later, Nicolas Baverez described a falling France.

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Brisset, Annie y Lynda Davey. "In Search of a Target Language". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 1, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1989): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.1.1.03bri.

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Abstract In nationalist Quebec, French is rejected as the bearer of a foreign culture in the same way that the Québécois' native land, despoiled by the English, has become the country of the Other. Theatre, more than anything else, lent itself to the task of differentiation allotted to language. As of 1968 the vernacular has become the language of the stage as well as of theatre translation such as the exchange value of both foreign works and French translations from France increasingly erodes. Translating "into Québécois" consists in marking out the difference which opposes French in Quebec and so-called French from France. Since, however, the special quality of Québécois French is truly noticeable only among the working classes, Québécois theatre translations are almost always marked by proletarization of language and lowering the social status of the protagonists, thereby increasing the translation possibilities first and foremost of American sociolects.

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Panckhurst, Rachel y Claudine Moïse. "French text messages". SMS Communication: A linguistic approach 35, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2012): 289–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.35.2.09pan.

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Over a three-month period (spanning 15 September to 15 December 2011), over 90,000 authentic text messages in French were collected by a group of academics in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France. This paper retraces the organisation of the data collection, the elaboration of the sociolinguistic questionnaire that donors were invited to fill out, text message data processing procedures and preliminary results. A shift from individual “isolated” text messages to “conversational” SMS exchanges is then studied, in preparation for a new SMS conversational data collection which is due to take place in the near future. This whole process is important for understanding in-depth interactional practices within contemporary digital textuality and should provide insight for pluri-disciplinary approaches.

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Warren, Jane. "Address pronouns in French". Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2006): 16.1–16.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0616.

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This article examines speakers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards address pronoun usage in Paris and Toulouse. The data on which this article is based come from a comparative project based at the University of Melbourne, Address in some western European languages, and were generated in focus groups in both Paris and Toulouse, as well as interviews in Paris. It is generally accepted that in France the informal pronominal address form tu is used within the family, with close friends and with youngsters, and that the formal address form vous is used by adults when addressing strangers. The findings presented here indicate that, outside these general tendencies, individual preferences and negotiation can inform the choice of address pronoun in different ways both within and outside the workplace, with individual variation more common outside the work domain.

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Warren, Jane. "Address pronouns in French". Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29, n.º 2 (2006): 16.1–16.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.29.2.01war.

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This article examines speakers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards address pronoun usage in Paris and Toulouse. The data on which this article is based come from a comparative project based at the University of Melbourne,Address in some western European languages, and were generated in focus groups in both Paris and Toulouse, as well as interviews in Paris. It is generally accepted that in France the informal pronominal address formtuis used within the family, with close friends and with youngsters, and that the formal address formvousis used by adults when addressing strangers. The findings presented here indicate that, outside these general tendencies, individual preferences and negotiation can inform the choice of address pronoun in different ways both within and outside the workplace, with individual variation more common outside the work domain.

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Kibbee, Douglas A. "Language variation and linguistic description in 16th-century France". Historiographia Linguistica 17, n.º 1-2 (1 de enero de 1990): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.06kib.

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Summary The first French grammarians to consider the French language condemned variation – historical variation, geographical variation, and sociolinguistic variation. For the French language to be first among vernacular languages, it had to have fixity, to be governed by absolute rules. How can one determine if a lexical item, pronunciation feature, or morphological feature should be accepted? Some would study the best authors, but the list of such authors is a matter of debate. Others would define the ‘true French’ geographically, but they tend to choose their own regions. Ultimately, the choice depends on a sense of ‘usage’ which is in harmony with the ‘naïve puissance ’ of the language, the pursuit of which may ultimately lead to a reunification of word and object, a unity lost at the Tower of Babel. The grammarians’ attacks on variation serve biblical as well as political destiny.

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Dubois, Sylvie. "Letter-writing in French Louisiana". Written Language and Literacy 6, n.º 1 (3 de diciembre de 2002): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.6.1.03dub.

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This article reports a sociolinguistic analysis of the French spelling system in newly discovered, authentic personal letters written by literate settlers living in Louisiana during the 18th and 19th centuries. After showing that French and non-French vernaculars were very much alive among the Louisiana founding population, the paper examines the use of old and new French norms in Louisiana for three socio-economic classes over time: the elite, planter, and military/merchant populations. Socio-demographic pressures are described that could have led to the maintenance of old French features or the expansion of some French varieties. It is shown that the history of French spelling in France, the origins of diverse migrant populations that settled in colonial Louisiana, and the powerful socio-economic events that shape the expansion of a socially well-delineated population not only explain the linguistic behavior of both French settlers and Louisiana-born writers, but also provide many hints to determining the sociolinguistic attributes of the illiterate French vernacular-speaking population.

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Goris, Olivier. "The Question of French Dubbing". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 5, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 1993): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.5.2.04gor.

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Abstract In order to analyze how "international messages" such as films are appropriated by a specific target system, I studied the French dubbed versions of a number of films. This analysis revealed a set of norms which seem to be at work on various text levels in the dubbed translations: a linguistic standardization, which affects three types of language use, a naturalization strategy, in which visual synchrony plays an important role, and a strategy which aims in various ways at making the translation more explicit than the original. The presentation of this tentative set of norms proposes a first synthetic view of the policy concerning dubbing in France.

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Hightower, James R., Alan Rosenthal, Marie de Verneil y Claud Duverlie. "Objectif France: Introduction to French and the Francophone World". Modern Language Journal 78, n.º 1 (1994): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329280.

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Morford, Janet. "Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario.; Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France.; A Reader in French Sociolinguistics.:Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario.;Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France.;A Reader in French Sociolinguistics." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 7, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1997): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1997.7.2.232.

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Pach, R. "The linguistic minorities of France". Literator 7, n.º 2 (7 de mayo de 1986): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v7i2.883.

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Although France is one of the most centralized countries in Europe, its apparent unity must not conceal that it is made up of many linguistic groups, and that French has only in recent years succeeded in becoming the common language of all the French. The situation of each one of the seven non-official languages of France is at first examined. The problem is then situated in its historical context, with the emphasis falling on why and how the French state tried to destroy them. Although the monarchy did not go much further than to impose French as the language of the administration, the revolutionary period was the beginning of a deliberate attempt to substitute French for the regional languages even in informal and oral usage. This was really made possible when education became compulsory: the school system was then the means of spreading French throughout the country. Nowadays the unity of France is no longer at stake, but its very identity is being threatened by the demographic weight, on French soil, of the immigrants from the Third-World.

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McManus, Kevin y Rosamond Mitchell. "Subjunctive use and development in L2 French". Morphological Expression of Temporality on the Verb in French as a Second Language / L’expression morphologique de la temporalité sur le verbe en français langue seconde 6, n.º 1 (28 de agosto de 2015): 42–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.6.1.02mcm.

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We investigated the use and development of the Subjunctive in L2 French. Participants were 29 students of French at a UK university, who additionally spent nine months in France, and ten native speakers of French. Data were collected from two production tasks (oral and written) and a grammaticality judgement task. The results show that all participants made some use of the Subjunctive before leaving for France, with only limited development in its use during their stay. It is more frequently used in writing than in speech, consistent with French corpus-based research (O’Connor DiVito 1997). The judgement findings reveal significant differences between different Subjunctive triggers, with learners consistently better able to recognise affirmative triggers over conjunctions and negatives. Overall, it appears that affirmative Subjunctive triggers represent a key source of development, with most change evident for lower proficiency learners.

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Berns, Janine. "Low vowel variation in three French-speaking countries". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 64, n.º 1 (7 de septiembre de 2018): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2018.23.

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AbstractIt is commonly noted that standard French is losing the contrast between its two low vowels /a/ and /ɑ/, due to the fronting of the back vowel. The difference in length, which accompanied the qualitative difference of this pair, is affected as well. In mainland France, this tendency can be found to various degrees across the country, and is spreading throughout the speech community. This article further develops the picture of the current status of the low vowel contrast by investigating Belgian and Swiss French, where length is known to play overall a far more prominent role in the vowel inventories than it does in standard French. Are Belgian and Swiss French also affected by the merger of the two low vowels? To what extent can a difference in length and/or timbre still be found? And how do the patterns of contrast neutralisation/preservation relate to the developments in France?

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WALSH, OLIVIA. "‘Les anglicismes polluent la langue française’. Purist attitudes in France and Quebec". Journal of French Language Studies 24, n.º 3 (30 de julio de 2013): 423–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269513000227.

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ABSTRACTIt is often claimed that France is a particularly purist country; the Académie française is seen to be representative of a purist outlook and popular works such as Étiemble's attack on English influence Parlez vous franglais? (Étiemble, 1964) have served to bolster this view. However, this claim has not been empirically verified. In order to determine whether or not the rhetoric around purism in France matches the reality, we developed a questionnaire to investigate whether or not ordinary speakers of French in France are purist, taking the theoretical framework in George Thomas's Linguistic Purism as a base (Thomas, 1991). This questionnaire was distributed online to a random sample of participants in France. To contextualise the findings, the questionnaire was also distributed to French speakers in Quebec. The results of the study show that, contrary to expectations, the French respondents display only mild purism and the Québécois respondents are more purist in the face of English borrowings (external purism). However, the French respondents are more concerned with the structure or ‘quality’ of the French language itself (internal purism) than their Québécois counterparts. This study also highlights some problems with Thomas's framework, which requires some modification for future research.

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Villeneuve, Anne-José y Philip Comeau. "Breaking down temporal distance in a Continental French variety: Future temporal reference in Vimeu". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 61, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2016): 314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2016.30.

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AbstractThis article examines future temporal reference (FTR) in the French spoken in Vimeu, a rural area of France where French evolved alongside Picard, a Gallo-Romance regional language. Unlike most French varieties, which favour periphrasis, Vimeu Picard favours the inflected form. By comparing French data from Picard–French bilinguals and French monolinguals, we assess the potential effect of Picard contact on Vimeu French. We hypothesized that bilinguals may favour the inflected form more than monolinguals, a hypothesis that was not verified. Instead, education is the best social predictor: speakers with a baccalauréat or higher disfavour the periphrastic future. Regarding linguistic constraints, we expected sentential polarity to constrain FTR (negation favours the inflected form), as in many varieties. Surprisingly, only temporal distance constrains FTR in our data: proximate events favour periphrasis, and do so even more strongly with events to occur within the minute. These results suggest that Vimeu French marks imminence through periphrasis.

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Rivas, Daniel E., Simone Oudot y David L. Gobert. "La France: Culture, Economie, Commerce. An Introduction to Business French". Modern Language Journal 70, n.º 1 (1986): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328079.

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MARCHESSOU, AGNES. "Strasbourg, another setting for sociolinguistic variation in contemporary French". Journal of French Language Studies 28, n.º 2 (julio de 2018): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095926951800008x.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reports on language practices in the city of Strasbourg, in a multi-ethnic working class neighbourhood. This provides a comparative setting to identify whether linguistic features are spreading between French cities. Data were collected from young speakers (16 to 21) using an ethnographic approach over a year. First, this paper will briefly review the literature on language variation research in France. Second, a comparison of vernacular features will be carried out, focusing on lexical innovations, indirect questions following the verb savoir (Gardner-Chloros and Secova, this issue), quotative systems (Cheshire and Secova, this issue) and discourse markers. Finally, the ethnographic data collected as part of this research will be used to consider how multi-ethnic working class neighbourhoods in France are connected with each other, and how language may be travelling between settings.

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Radó, Győrgy. "A propos du bicentenaire de la Révolution Française". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 36, n.º 4 (1 de enero de 1990): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.36.4.04rad.

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To the Bicentenary of the French Revolution The Bicentenary of the events of the French Revolution, 1789 is considered as a national jubilee of France, but the Declaration of Human Rights, the basis of the French Constitution merits commemoration on international level. From Hungary three poets-translators, who are enthusiasts of the French Revolution, are presented: Ferenc Verseghy, translator of La Marseillaise, Jânos Batsânyi, translator of Napoleon's appeal to the Hungarians, and Sândor Petôfi.

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Violin-Wigent, Anne. "Southeastern French Nasal Vowels: Perceptual and Acoustic Elements". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 51, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100003807.

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AbstractThis article describes the realization of nasal vowels in the southeast of France. Southeastern French retains four nasal vowels, contrary to more innovative varieties of French. The perceptual analysis based on eight participants shows that, for most of the instances of each of the four nasal vowels, the pronunciation is different from that of Reference French. Additionally, these nasal vowels are followed by a nasal closure in about 10% of cases, especially in front of a pause or stop. The perceptual analysis is supplemented by an acoustic description, based on two speakers, one male and one female. The acoustic description gives support to the perceptual analysis, showing the existence of the nasal closure and the realization of /ã/ as [ã],as [ẽ], and /õ/ as.

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Kupisch, Tanja, Deniz Akpinar y Antje Stöhr. "Gender assignment and gender agreement in adult bilinguals and second language learners of French". Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3, n.º 2 (17 de mayo de 2013): 150–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.2.02kup.

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This paper is concerned with gender marking in adult French. Four groups of subjects are compared: German-French simultaneous bilinguals (2L1ers) who grew up in France, German-French 2L1ers who grew up in Germany, advanced second language learners (L2ers) who are resident either in France or in Germany at the time of testing. The major goal of the study is to investigate whether differences in input conditions (acquisition in a minority vs. a majority language context) and differences in age of onset affect gender assignment and gender agreement in the same way or differently. Furthermore, we investigate whether successful acquisition of gender is dependent on influence from German. Two experiments, an acceptability judgment task and an elicited production task, are carried out. Results show successful acquisition of agreement in all groups. By contrast, gender assignment may be mildly affected if French is acquired in a minority language context or as an L2.

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Smith, Christopher y Peter Rickard. "The French Language in the Seventeenth Century: Contemporary Opinion in France". Modern Language Review 89, n.º 3 (julio de 1994): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735165.

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HERSCHENSOHN, JULIA. "Verbs and rules: Two profiles of French morphology acquisition". Journal of French Language Studies 13, n.º 1 (marzo de 2003): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269503001030.

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This article reports on two anglophone teenagers learning French – one exposed to a six-month stay in France, and the other exposed to an instructional environment. The corpus collected from six tape-recorded interviews shows an increase in the number of tokens and lexically distinct verbs produced, and in the percentage of correctly inflected verbs. The subjects' use of correct and incorrect forms supports a rote and rule model of morphology. L2 learners seem to make use of a coalition of resources – primary linguistic data as well as cognitive strategies for grammatical rule formation – to create their interlanguage grammar.

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D’hulst, Lieven y Michael Schreiber. "Vers une historiographie des politiques des traductions en Belgique durant la période française". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 26, n.º 1 (7 de marzo de 2014): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.26.1.01hul.

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The language policy of the French Revolution is known today especially for the imposition of the national language and the oppression of dialects and regional languages in France. This pilot study focuses on a less-known phenomenon of that period: translation policy. From 1790 on, several decrees stipulated the translation of national laws and decrees into the regional languages of France and some languages of other European countries. We will illustrate this translation policy focusing on translations of political and administrative texts from French into Flemish in Belgium (which was annexed by the French Republic in 1795 and remained French until the end of the Napoleonic era). We will not only try to shed some light on the conditions under which the translations published in Belgium were produced, but also analyze some typical examples drawn from different genres.

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Kippur, Sara. "Robbe-Grillet in America: The Nouveau Roman Meets the Language Textbook". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, n.º 3 (mayo de 2020): 492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.3.492.

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How could American students of intermediate French be the catalysts for a work of avant-garde French literature? This article centers on Le rendez-vous, an intermediate French-language textbook that combined a novel written by the French New Novelist Alain Robbe-Grillet with grammatical exercises written by Yvone Lenard, a prominent textbook author and instructor of French in the United States. Focusing on previously unexamined archives of this publication, from its release in America to the publication of Robbe-Grillet's novel in France under the title Djinn, the essay reveals an unknown literary history of transnational collaboration and exchange and places new emphasis on Robbe-Grillet's formative involvement with American higher education during his literary career. Through close reading of manuscript drafts and publishers' papers, the essay demonstrates how the dynamics of global publishing and shifting trends in language pedagogy aligned to condition the production of what would become Robbe-Grillet's most commercially successful novel.

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Tebaldi, Catherine. "“#JeSuisSirCornflakes”: Racialization and resemiotization in French nationalist Twitter". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, n.º 265 (25 de septiembre de 2020): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2101.

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AbstractAfter the 2016 spelling reforms deleted the accent circumflex from some French vowels, on right-wing French Twitter, the circonflexe reappeared in the center of the French flag – echoing the flag of Vichy France. Tweets with the hashtag #JeSuisCirconflexe resemiotized the accent circumflex as icon of a lost Frenchness, or voiced the racial other in a colonial faux pidgin to frame them as illiterate and brutish. Drawing on research on resemiotization (Leppänen, Sirpa, Samu Kytölä, Henna Jousmäki, Saija Peuronen & Elina Westinen. 2014. Entextualization and resemiotization as resources for identification in social media. In The language of social media, 112–136. London: Palgrave Macmillan) and raciolinguistics (Flores, Nelson & Jonathan Rosa. 2015. Undoing appropriateness: Raciolinguistic ideologies and language diversity in education. Harvard Educational Review, 85(2). 149–171), this article explores how constructions of mock youth French use raciolinguistic tropes to imagine a language of social decline, connecting linguistic purism to racist myths of white genocide and the great replacement. Despite this, youth invert the imagination of their illiteracy, using playful language and satirizing white speech (Rosa, Jonathan. 2016b. Standardization, racialization, languagelessness: Raciolinguistic ideologies across communicative contexts. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 26(2). 162–183) to contest French nationalism – reframing #JeSuisCirconflexe as #JeSuisSirCornflakes.

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Bulot, Thierry. "Sociolinguistic Representations of the French Spoken in Rouen". Variation in (Sub)standard language 13 (31 de diciembre de 1999): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.13.11bul.

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Abstract. This article describes the methodology used to collect data on sociolinguistic representations in an urban situation - and, specifically, in Rouen (France) - by relying on a detailed study of the relationships between epilinguistic discourse and social space. In the discussion, emphasis is put not only on the initial assumptions of the research, on the problems which arose during the inquiry and the answers one can offer to those problems, but also on the methodological quandaries of any such work. Collecting the data involved two phases, the first qualitative and the second quantitative. A pre-inquiry which took the form of semi-directive interviews was carried out in order to select those items that the local speakers consider as sociolinguistically qualifying. Next, a written questionnaire was submitted to a second identical sample of local speakers who had to evaluate the items selected by the first group of speakers. The procedure was the same for both assessment recordings: the subjects heard pre-recorded representative verbal samples uttered by representative local speakers. In conclusion, it appears that a methodology combining the social evaluation of verbal samples and the measurement of attitudes could be appropriate in accounting for the complex encounters between several representations of urban space.

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Aitenova, Elmira, Galiya Abayeva, Farida Orazakynkyzy, Roza Kassymova y Gulnar Mukhametkalieva. "Professional educational training of French linguistics teachers in Kazakhstan and France". XLinguae 13, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2020.13.01.07.

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VILLENEUVE, ANNE-JOSÉ y JULIE AUGER. "‘chtileu qu'i m'freumereu m'bouque i n'est point coér au monne’: Grammatical variation and diglossia in Picardie". Journal of French Language Studies 23, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2013): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269512000385.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, we analyze French and Picard data, extracted from sociolinguistic interviews with four Picard–French bilingual speakers and four French monolingual speakers from the Vimeu (Somme) area of France, in order to determine whether the two closely-related varieties maintain distinct grammars or whether they now constitute varieties of the same language. Focusing on two linguistic variables, subject doubling andnedeletion, we argue that the variation observed in our French data results from variation within a single grammar, while our Picard data display markedly different patterns that can only be explained by a speaker's switch to a Picard grammar. We propose a model that schematises our results and attempts to reconcile the notions of diglossia and variation. In addition to providing empirical evidence in favour of an approach that recognises the structurally distinct status of Picard, our data indicate that resorting to a diglossic approach for French fails to capture the intrinsically variable nature of human language.

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ROWLETT, PAUL. "Do French speakers really have two grammars?" Journal of French Language Studies 23, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2013): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095926951200035x.

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ABSTRACTI consider variation within French and its status in speakers’ mental grammars. I start with Massot's (2008) claim that, within relevant grammatical units, speakers in contemporary metropolitan France do not combine socio-stylistically marked L and H features, and his explanation of this in terms of diglossia (Ferguson, 1959), that is, the idea that speakers possess two (in this case massively overlapping but not identical) ‘French’ grammars which co-exist in their minds: one (français démotique, FD: acquired early, well, and in a naturalistic environment) comprises one set of grammatical features which generate unmarked forms and the marked L forms; the other (français classique tardif, FCT: learnt later, often unreliably, in a more formal context and under the influence of literacy) comprises a (partially) different set of grammatical features which generate the same unmarked forms as well as the marked H forms. Speakers switch between FD and FCT but do not use them both simultaneously, at least not within the context of an individual clause. While Massot's claim is controversial (see Coveney, 2011), I provisionally accept that it is correct, and move on to consider his explanation. I review instances of variation for which I suggest Massot's model needs to be revised in order to account for the phenomenon of surface forms which can be generated by both putative grammars, and which are therefore superficially part of the overlap, but which have a different linguistic status in each and underlyingly are not therefore part of any overlap. I then reconsider Massot's two-grammar hypothesis, raising issues surrounding the extent of the overlap between them, the nature of the differences between them, and their respective statuses in the minds of speakers. I suggest that in view of their massive overlap, their non-random differences, and their contrasting cognitive statuses, it does not make sense to view both FD and FCT as autonomous grammars. Rather, I suggest that only FD is an autonomous grammar. Since the differences between FD and FCT are instantiations of naturally occurring developments usually conceptualised in terms of cyclic grammaticalisation and renewal (the L features of FD are innovations with respect to the H features of FCT), I suggest that FCT should be seen as a dependent grammatical ‘bolt on’ which encodes its conservatism in an abstract and economical way.

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Makropoulos, Josée. "Jacqueline Lindenfeld, The French in the United States: An ethnographic study. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey, 2000. Pp. xiv + 184. Hb $55.00." Language in Society 31, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404502291058.

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The French in the United States offers valuable insight on processes of identity formation among French-born individuals living permanently in the US. The book's title foreshadows the ambiguity of how the French in America are defined in objective terms, as well as their subject positioning as members of an ethnic group. For instance, Lindenfeld cautions against relying on the criterion of ancestry used in census-based rankings to study the French presence in the United States, since census identification includes people of various national origins and does not distinguish the number of intervening generations since departure from France. The limitations of the native use of the French language as a valid indicator of direct French origin neglects the fact that native speakers of French who reside in the US often possess Canadian or Caribbean lineage. Although Lindenfeld does not say so directly, relying on native use of French to identify direct immigrants from France would equally exclude the possibility of identifying French citizens who do not speak French as their first language, as well as those who were raised speaking two or more languages. Another concern raised in the book is the broad significance of the label “French American,” traditionally used to identify Americans of French ancestry, such as Cajuns in Louisiana. The designation currently enjoys a certain popularity among French immigrants because it offers a direct parallel with other immigrant groups, such as Italian Americans.

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Amer, Sahar. "Reading Medieval French Literature from a Global Perspective". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, n.º 2 (marzo de 2015): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.2.367.

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Only in the last decade has the field of medieval french literature recognized the need for a critical gaze that looks outside France and beyond the persistent Eurocentric accounts of medieval French literary history. These accounts long viewed medieval French literary production primarily in relation to the Latin, Celtic, and Provençal traditions. My research over the last twenty years has called for a revisionist history of literature and of empires and has highlighted the fact that throughout the Middle Ages France entertained “inter-imperial” literary relations—not only with European traditions but also with extra-European cultures, specifically with the Islamicate world.

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Belkacemi, C. "Salhi, Kamal (ed.), French in and out of France (Modern French Identities, 18). Bern: Peter Lang, 2002, 487 pp. 0 8204 5859 7". Journal of French Language Studies 14, n.º 2 (julio de 2004): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269504281741.

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37

Kmiotek, Łukasz. "Language Proficiency and Cultural Identity as Two Facets of the Acculturation Process". Psychology of Language and Communication 21, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2017): 192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plc-2017-0010.

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Abstract This article describes a cross-cultural study comparing bicultural identity of first generation Poles and high school students in the Rhône Alpes region (France), as well as French language university students in Poland. Studies show that two components, language and identity, are related. This article intends to answer questions regarding the relationship between the migrant’s bicultural identity and language proficiency. Bilingualism is operationalized as (i) listening comprehension and (ii) bidirectional translation. The results do not confirm that there is a relation between bilingual skills and identification with shared French and Polish values. Cultural identity appears to be inversely related to country of residence: Polish identity is strongest amongst immigrant youth in France and French identity is strongest amongst Polish students of French language and culture. These identities run in opposite direction to language competencies. The results suggest internalization of one of the cultures' negative stereotypes towards the other or towards itself.

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38

Quenot, Sébastien. "Public policy for the Corsican language: From revitalisation to normalisation?" International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, n.º 261 (25 de febrero de 2020): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2019-2064.

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AbstractThe policy of normalisation of the Corsican language carried out by Corsica’s institutions encounters the statute of languages in France, which supports the linguistic supremacy and monopoly of French in the public area. The vitality of Corsican underlined in the first general sociolinguistic survey makes it endangered even if a large majority of people support bilingualism and the project of co-officiality is approved by the Corsican Assembly. What are the main ways and results of public policy to save, revitalize and normalize the Corsican language in the context of the success of the assimilation of French minorities, a crisis of national identity in France, and cultural globalisation for a small population of 320,000 people who live on an island in the Mediterranean Sea?

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39

Lamiroy, Béatrice. "Les notions linguistiques de figement et de contrainte". Grammaires et Lexiques Comparés 26, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2003): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.26.1.03lam.

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Summary The paper addresses the question of how the notion of fixed expression or idiom has to be defined. Usually idioms are defined as expressions which are characterized by semantic opacity, lack of lexical (paradigmatic) variation and morphosyntactic constraints. However, so-called ‘free’ (i.e. non idiomatic) expressions can be shown to bear similar lexical and morphosyntactic constraints, so that the limit between ‘fixed’ and ‘free’ expressions is much less clear-cut than one would expect. The only real difference which opposes idioms from ‘non-idioms’ is semantic opacity. This theoretical problem is illustrated in the paper by a case study of regional French expressions belonging either to Quebec French, Belgian French, Swiss French or French from France. The latter research is part of a large project (BFQS-project) which aims at the recollection and syntactic description of all French idiomatic expressions used in Europe and/or North-America.

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40

KUPISCH, TANJA, TATJANA LEIN, DAGMAR BARTON, DAWN JUDITH SCHRÖDER, ILSE STANGEN y ANTJE STOEHR. "Acquisition outcomes across domains in adult simultaneous bilinguals with French as weaker and stronger language". Journal of French Language Studies 24, n.º 3 (2 de agosto de 2013): 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269513000197.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the adult grammars of French simultaneous bilingual speakers (2L1s) whose other language is German. Apart from providing an example of French as heritage language in Europe, the goals of this paper are (i) to compare the acquisition of French in a minority and majority language context, (ii) to identify the relative vulnerability of individual domains, and (iii) to investigate whether 2L1s are vulnerable to language attrition when moving to their heritage country during adulthood. We include two groups of German-French 2L1s: One group grew up predominantly in France, but moved to Germany during adulthood; the other group grew up predominantly in Germany and stayed there. Performance is compared in different domains, including adjective placement, gender marking, articles, prepositions, foreign accent and voice onset time. Results indicate that differences between the two groups are minimal in morpho-syntax, but more prominent in pronunciation.

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41

Quillard, Geneviève. "Feelings, language and referential preferences in advertising (North America, French Canada and France)". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, n.º 3 (28 de octubre de 2010): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.3.03gen.

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This study is based on a bilingual corpus made up of advertisements published in North American magazines and their translations for French Canadians, and on a unilingual corpus of advertisements published in France.<p>Drawing primarily on research conducted in the area of cultural studies and on such concepts as universalism/particularism, individualism/collectivism, monochronic/synchronic cultures, etc., this paper analyses the part played by feelings and language, and the referential preferences in the North American advertisements, their translated versions and the French advertisements.

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42

Valdman, Albert. "On the socio-historical context in the development of Louisiana and Saint-Domingue Creoles". Journal of French Language Studies 2, n.º 1 (marzo de 1992): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500001162.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents a hypothesis for the genesis of Creole French by drawing conclusions from an illustrative comparison of Louisiana Creole and Haitian Creole, and by presenting a depiction of the social-historical context in which Louisiana Creole developed.Bickerton's bioprogram and Baker and Corne's model comparing Mauritian Creole and its Reunionese congener are considered and found to be inadequate descriptions of the genesis of Creole French, since they assume that all parts of colonial Saint-Domingue, the île Bourbon (Reunion) and the île de France (Mauritius) had the same demographic mix and social structure. This paper offers and alternative model which suggests that French planation colonies did not constitute monolithic socio–politico–economic entities. On the contrary, differences in social setting were reflected by variartions in the local form of Creole French. Furthermore, certain structural features were diffused from one territory to another via the focal centres that also diffused the colonial model of social, political and economic organization. These are considered together to account for the range of variation found today in Louisiana Creole, and to explain the striking similarities between Louisiana Cre le and its geographically most proximate Creole French congener, Haitian Creole.

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Baker, Paul y Rachelle Vessey. "A corpus-driven comparison of English and French Islamist extremist texts". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, n.º 3 (29 de octubre de 2018): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17108.bak.

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Abstract Using corpus linguistics and qualitative, manual discourse analysis, this paper compares English and French extremist texts to determine how messages in different languages draw upon similar and distinct discursive themes and linguistic strategies. Findings show that both corpora focus on religion and rewards (i.e. for faith) and strongly rely on othering strategies. However, the English texts are concerned with world events whereas the French texts focus on issues specific to France. Also, while the English texts use Arabic code-switching as a form of legitimation, the French texts use a formal register and quotation from scripture in discussions of permissions, rights, obligations and laws. Finally, the English texts refer to and justify violence to a greater extent than the French texts. This paper contributes to the field of terrorism studies and the field of corpus linguistics by presenting a new approach to corpus-driven studies of discourse across more than one language.

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Armstrong, Nigel. "Variable deletion of French /l/: linguistic, social and stylistic factors". Journal of French Language Studies 6, n.º 1 (marzo de 1996): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500004956.

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ABSTRACTThis article considers variable /l/-deletion in the French definite articles, subject clitic pronouns and in one frequent phono-lexical context, exemplified by table ‘table’ and ronfle ‘snore’. It reports the treatment of /l/ by a sample of secondary schoolchildren from Lorraine in north-eastern France. The definite articles and subject clitics are considered on the one hand in relation to the linguistic constraints which influence /l/-deletion, and on the other to the extra-linguistic variables of age, sex and speech style. Variable /l/-deletion in the phono-lexical context referred to above is examined principally in relation to the lexical input which influences /l/-deletion. Finally, we consider whether the sociolinguistic patterns reported here are indicative of linguistic change in progress, or whether the effects observed are revelatory rather of attitudes to non-standard linguistic forms inculcated in speakers by normative French pedagogy.

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45

Humbley, John. "Is terminology specialized lexicography? The experience of French-speaking countries". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 10, n.º 18 (10 de febrero de 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v10i18.25410.

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La terminographie se réduit-elle à la lexicographie spécialisée? L’expérience que les pays francophones ont faite de la terminologie donne à penser qu’il s’agit plutôt de deux méthodologies proches, qui puisent en partie, mais non exclusivement, dans les mêmes sources, et qui ont des finalités qui ne sont pas nécessairement identiques. Une part importante de la distinction serait d’ordre culturel, et nous proposons une explication personnelle de cette spécificité, qui, en France comme au Québec, lie la terminologie, et donc la terminographie, à la politique linguistique.

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46

Issel-Dombert, Sandra y Marie Serwe. "Der Einfluss der préciosité auf das Gegenwartsfranzösische. Eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung formelhafter Wendungen aus Molières Les Précieuses ridicules (1659)". Yearbook of Phraseology 6, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2015): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0004.

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Abstract Molière’s farce Les Précieuses ridicules (1659) contains a vast selection of formulaic expressions. The play serves as a historical reference for the identification of formulaic language influenced by a period called the préciosité, originating in 17th-century France. Based upon a survey of French native speakers, this paper will deal with the question of whether these formulaic expressions have left traces upon present day French. Given the empirical evidence, one must conclude that the majority of these expressions are widely known and are in general use today. Furthermore, the hypothesis that such expressions predominate in higher-register French (cf. Klare 2011: 126) is confirmed.

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47

Kinginger, Celeste. "Culture and identity in study abroad contexts: after Australia, French without France". International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 12, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2009): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050802276961.

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48

Humphries, Emma. "#JeSuisCirconflexe: The French spelling reform of 1990 and 2016 reactions". Journal of French Language Studies 29, n.º 03 (24 de enero de 2019): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269518000285.

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ABSTRACTIn February 2016 the French spelling reform of 1990, which introduced changes to approximately 2,000 words, became the object of discussion online, after it was announced that the new spellings would be included in textbooks from September. Analysing a corpus of tweets, containing key terms from the online discussion, JeSuisCirconflexe; ognon and réforme orthographe, this study gives an insight into the reactions to this governmental linguistic intervention, the recurring themes in their discourse and how this can be interpreted as prescriptive or purist behaviour. Although previous studies have extensively analysed reactions to the 1996 spelling reform in Germany, little research has considered online lay-reactions to the French reform. Given observations that online interactions differ in many ways to equivalent offline interactions, this study can form a point of contrast to previous studies conducted in offline contexts, thereby enriching the existing literature in this field. It is also often claimed that France is a country in which linguistic purism is deeply entrenched; this article will seek further evidence for these claims.

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49

Das, Sonia N. "Failed Legacies of Colonial Linguistics: Lessons from Tamil Books in French India and French Guiana". Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, n.º 4 (29 de septiembre de 2017): 846–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000305.

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AbstractThe archives of French India and French Guiana, two colonies that were failing by the mid-nineteenth century, elucidate the legacy of colonial linguistics by drawing attention to the ideological and technological natures of colonial printing and the far-reaching and longstanding consequences of the European objectification of Indian vernaculars. Torn between religious, commercial, and imperialist agendas, the French in India both promoted Catholicism and advanced the scientific study of Tamil, the majority language spoken in the colonial headquarters of Pondicherry. There, a little known press operated by the Paris Foreign Missions shipped seventy-one dictionaries, grammars, and theological works printed in Tamil and French to Catholic schools undergoing secularization in French Guiana, a colony with several thousand Tamil indentured laborers. I analyze the books’ lexical, orthographic, and typographical forms, metalinguistic commentaries, publicity tactics, citational practices, and circulation histories by drawing on seldom-discussed materials from the Archives nationales d'outre-mer in Aix-en-Provence, France. I propose a theoretical framework to investigate how technology intersects with the historical relationship between language and colonialism, and argue that printing rivalries contributed to Orientalist knowledge production by institutionalizing semiotic and language ideologies about the nature of “perfectible” and “erroneous” signs. My comparative approach highlights the interdiscursive features of different genres and historical periods of Tamil documentation, and underscores how texts that emerged out of disparate religious and scientific movements questioned the veracity of knowledge and fidelity of sources. Such metalinguistic labor exposed the evolving stances of French Indologists toward Dravidian and Indo-Aryan linguistics and promoted religious and secular interests in educational and immigration policies.

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Fowler, J. E. y Malcolm Cook. "Fictional France: Social Reality in the French Novel, 1775-1800". Modern Language Review 90, n.º 4 (octubre de 1995): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733107.

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