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Vorozhikhina, Ksenia V. "Lev Shestov in France: Reception of the Russian Philosopher’s Ideas (First Half of the 20th Century)". Voprosy Filosofii, n.º 6 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-6-45-53.
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The article is devoted to the acquaintance of French critics with the philosophy of Lev Shestov, who emigrated from Russia in 1919. Shestov’s ideas almost immediately resonate with French readers and over the course of several years the philosopher gains some fame; he is perceived as one of the most important figures of modern original Russian thought, comparable in importance to M. de Unamuno in Spain and J. de Gaultier in France. Shestov makes acquaintances with French and European intellectuals (J. Rivière, J. de Gaultier, L. Levy-Bruhl and others), collaborates with reputable French magazines “Mercure de France”, “La Nouvelle Revue française”, “La Revue philosophique de la France et de l’étranger”. Shestov has disciples and followers: B. de Schloezer, G. Bataille, B. Fondane, R. Bespaloff, A. Lazarev etc. The most important for his followers is the philosopher’s appeal to the personalities of thinkers and writers, and not to their ideas; “peregrination through the souls” as a philosophical method; the inextricable link between philosophy and life; criticism to reason and morality; religious orientation and others. Shestov’s ideas become one of the sources of existentialism of A. Camus, works of A. Malraux and G. Marcel. Shestov and Fondane separate the philosophy of tragedy, identified with religious existential philosophy in the spirit of S. Kierkegaard, B. Pascal, F.M. Dostoevsky and M. Luther, from the existentialism of M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers and others.
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Nikolarea, Ekaterini. "Oedipus the King: A Greek Tragedy, Philosophy, Politics and Philology". TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 7, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2007): 219–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037174ar.
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Abstract Oedipus the King: A Greek Tragedy, Philosophy, Politics and Philology — This study tries to show that the abundance of translations, imitations and radical re-interpretations of a genre like tragedy is due to various social discourses of target societies. Taking as an example Sophocles' Oedipus the King, the acclaimed tragedy par excellence, this essay discusses how the discourses of philosophy, politics and philology influenced the reception of this classical Greek tragedy by the French and British target systems (TSs) during the late 17th and early 18th century and the late 19th and early 20th century. The first section shows how, by offering Sophocles' Oedipus the King as a Greek model of tragedy, Aristotle's Poetics has formed the Western literary criticism and playwriting. The second section attempts to demonstrate why three imitations of Oedipus by Corneille (Oedipe), Dryden {Oedipus) and Voltaire {Oedipe) became more popular than any other contemporary "real" translation of the Sophoclean Oedipus. The third and final part holds that the observed revival of Oedipus the King in late 19th- and early 20th-century France and England was due to the different degrees of influence of three conflicting but overlapping discourses: philosophy, philology and politics. It illustrates how these discourses resulted in different reception of the Greek play by the French and British TSs.
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Bogaczyk-Vormayr, Małgorzata. "On Philosophy of Barbara Skarga: An Approach to Get to Know Her Life and Work". ETHICS IN PROGRESS 9, n.º 1 (5 de diciembre de 2018): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2018.1.10.
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Barbara Skarga (1919–2009) was one of the most important Polish Philosophers of 20th century. She was an expert in classical and contemporary French (e.g. Comte, Bergson, Lévinas) and German Philosophy (e.g. Kant, Hegel, Heidegger). In this paper I present some important biographical facts (participation in organized resistance in Vilnius, interments in Gulags) as well Skarga’s philosophical, mostly sociopolitical and ethical, ideas. I called its philosophical concept “philosophy of difference”.
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Zykova, Iuliia A. "Christian Consciousness in the Philosophy of French Neo-Hegelianism". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n.º 1 (209) (30 de marzo de 2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2021-1-4-7.
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The French neo-Hegelianism of the 20th century is one of the essential moments of the diverse philosophical life of France. In contrast to earlier studies on the philosophy of French neo-Hegelianism, this article answers the question how French thought interprets the concept of Christian consciousness presented in the works of G. V. F. Hegel on the philosophy of religion. The purpose of this study is to analyze G. V. F. Hegel's approach to the study of Christian consciousness in its interpretation by the philosophy of French neo-Hegelianism. Achieving this goal involves the use of an interdisciplinary approach due to the fact that the evaluation of the method applied to the study of Christian consciousness is impossible without reference to Christian theology. The study allows us to conclude that the method of Hegelian philosophy used by French neo-Hegelian philosophers is important for research in the field of philosophy of religion, but is not universal for the analysis of changes in Christian consciousness. The problem presented in the article requires additional research, including, among other things, the judgments of modern thinkers in France.
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Tonner, Phillip. "The Return of the Relative". Janus Head 11, n.º 2 (2009): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20091127.
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In this paper we explore the complex relationship between the philosophies of Sir William Hamilton and Henri Bergson. We then place these philosophies in a critical relation to French phenomenological philosophy, particularly, Merleau-Ponty's. By so doing we examine a historical and theoretical 'ark' that rises in 19th Century Scotland and falls in 20th Century France, an ark that has received little attention hitherto by historians of philosophy. Our aim is to open up a new dimension of these philosophies and provoke a fresh debate over their relationships and the philosophical tensions that exist between them.
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Lawlor, Leonard. "Further Questions: A Way Out of the Present Philosophical Situation (via Foucault)". Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 19, n.º 1 (13 de junio de 2011): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2011.481.
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Let us begin by assembling some signs of the present philosophical situation. On the one hand, the most important living French philosopher, Alain Badiou, calls for a “return to Plato,” despite the movement of anti-Platonism that dominated French and German thought in the 20th century. On the other hand, the present moment sees a resurgence of naturalism in philosophy in general (including and especially Anglophone analytic philosophy), despite the criticisms of naturalism that have appeared throughout the 20th century. Phenomenology seems to be at the center of both of these movements. On the one hand, it is the idea of a mathematized ontology that requires the return to Plato, a mathematized ontology constructed without a reflection on its transcendental grounds. On the other, the resurgence of naturalism is so strong that a book could be imagined and published with the bastard name of Naturalizing Phenomenology, as if the transcendental moment of phenomenology did not transform the very meaning of nature. These signs seem to indicate that we have entered into a phase of regression or even decline in philosophical thinking. If this interpretation of the signs is correct, if we have indeed entered into a phase of regression -- a twofold regression toward Platonism and toward naturalism -- we must ask the following question: is it possible for us to define something like a project or even a research agenda that would allow us to define a way of thinking that might lead us out of the present situation, a situation, it must be said, that seems dire for philosophy in general? If we can determine such a research agenda, perhaps we can also begin to understand what the tradition of “continental philosophy” has stood for.
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Shmelev, Dmitry. "Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems". ISTORIYA 12, n.º 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015636-8.
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The article devoted to the problem of Muslim immigration in France in the 20th century. The focus is on the causes of Muslim immigration, its cycles, specificity and consequences for modern French society. Based on a comparison of various statistical data, it stated that Muslim immigration is an integral part of three large waves of immigration flows that took place from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The article notes the correlation of the number of Muslim immigrants in France with the global numbers of immigrant arrivals to the country. However, if in the first two waves their number depended on the economic needs of the French economy (Muslims came to earn money), then during the third wave other factors came into play — the creation of stable communities, family reunification, going on stage second and third generations of immigrants, social problems of their arrangement and adaptation to French legal norms and customs. The article notes the specificity of the geographical concentration of the Muslim population, which takes place either near large industrial centers and cities (which makes it easier to find work and social protection), or in places of proximity to their native countries (southern France). Special attention paid to the problem of the evolution of state policy in the admission and integration of immigrants, when various methods tired from assimilation, the adoption of quotas to the policy of flexible regulation of immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants from the country. The article analyzes the position of the Muslim community in France, the role of Muslim associations in its life, the impact on the socio-cultural life of the French. It can stated that Islam has become the second religion in France, which determines its position — a stable presence in socio-economic life (employment, the spread of the social protection system to immigrants), political (the right to vote, the possibility of creating associations, manifestations), religious (the possibility of worship), cultural (the formation of a specific immigrant subculture).
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Diakov, Nikolai. "Islam in the Colonial Policy of France: from the Origins to the Fifth Republic". ISTORIYA 12, n.º 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015901-0.
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History of relations between France and the Islamic world goes back to the first centuries of Hijra, when the Franks first faced the Caliphate and its troops in the Eastern and Western Mediterranean. On the eve of the New times Paris had already developed its numerous contacts with Turkey, Iran and the Arab West — the Maghreb area. The conquest of Algeria (from 1830) formed a basis of the French colonial empire in Africa and Asia with the growing role of Islam in political activities and ambitions of Paris. Millions of Muslims in French colonies contributed to growth of political and economic progress of their metropoly with its pretensions to become a great Muslim power. Meanwhile, thousands of them lost their lives during two great world wars of the 20th century. Waves of immigration gave birth to an impressive Islamic community (‘umma), in France, reaching about a million of residents by the middle of the 20th century. With the growth of Muslim immigration from Africa and the Middle East a number of Muslims among the natives of France also augmented. By the end of the last century the Muslims formed as much as about 10 % of the whole population of France. The “French Islam” born at the dawn of the 20th century. after a century of its evolution became an important civilizational reality of Europe, at times more attractive for the local youth than traditional Christian values, or the new ideals, brought with the winds of globalism, multiculturalism and a “non-stop consumerism”.
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Fokin, S. "CHARLES MAURRAS AND THE LITERATURE OF ACTION FRANCAISE". Voprosy literatury, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2018): 270–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-1-270-295.
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The paper sets out to examine the literary impulses at the heart of Charles Maurras’ (1868-1952) philosophy, namely, the doctrine of integral nationalism, which signified French literary nationalism in the 20th century. The author finds that, in Maurras’ view, the concept of ‘integral’ was inseparable from the ‘monarchy’, with the latter destined to blend together the real social oppositions spawned by various anarchies, be it political, religious, familial, university-based, economic or even literary ones.
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Włodarski, Bartosz. "Pomiędzy filozofią a nauką – rozważania o francuskich korzeniach wiedzy o polityce na Akademii Krakowskiej w dobie reform kołłątajowskich". Politeja 17, n.º 1(64) (26 de febrero de 2020): 179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.64.10.
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Between Philosophy and Science – Reflections on the French Roots of Political Science at the Cracovian University in the Era of Kołłątaj’s Reforms
This paper aims to present the history of the political sciences at the Academy of Cracow during its reorganisation by Hugo Kołłataj in the 18th century. Kołłątaj and other patriots – professors and representatives of the law faculty, precursors of French physiocratic political doctrine in Poland – established „The Chair of the Law of Nature, Economical and Political Law and Law of Nations”. It was the institutional and theoretical base for all political sciences at that time. The plan of developing this particular branch of science was put into practice by Antoni Popławski – great philosopher, reformer and the author of the first book on physiocracy in Poland inspired by dr. Quesnay’s doctrine. The article also presents the origin of the 20th century’s modern political sciences rooted in the knowledge of the 18th Central Crown School – at present known as the Jagiellonian University.
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Margalit, Avishai. "The Lesser Evil". Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 54 (marzo de 2004): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135824610000850x.
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‘The Russian Revolution and the National Socialist ascendancy in Germany are the two most important sources of evidence of moral philosophy in our time, as the French Revolution was for Hegel and Marx, and later to Tocqueville and for Mill. Although both revolutions produced, both in intention and in effect, a triumph on a gigantic scale, there are often remarked differences between the evil effects planned and achieved.’ This is an observation made by Stuart Hampshire, a keen philosophical connoisseur of the 20th century.
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Petteni, Oriane. "La philosophie française postmoderne et les inventions narratives du roman moderniste américain". Symposium 23, n.º 1 (2019): 212–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposium201923112.
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Le but de cet article est de réévaluer l’impact du projet philosophique de Jean Wahl sur la philosophie française postmoderne. L’angle choisi consiste à replacer le projet wahlien dans le cadre des deux grands motifs de la philosophie française de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle: le rejet du paradigme dominant de la vision et le rapport ambivalent à l’hégélianisme, cristallisé dans la igure de la conscience malheureuse. En suivant ces deux fils conducteurs, l’article retrace le parcours intellectuel de Jean Wahl depuis sa thèse de doctorat sur les philosophies pluralistes angloaméricaines, en passant par sa réception de l’hégélianisme, pour le mettre en relation avec sa période la moins commentée, celle de l’introduction dans le paysage philosophique français des grands noms du roman moderniste américain de l’époque.The goal of this paper is to re-evaluate the impact of Jean Wahl’s philosophical project on French postmodern philosophy. To complete this task, it is necessary to put the Wahlian project into the context of the two major aims of 20th Century French philosophy: the rejection of ocularcentrism and the ambiguous relationship to Hegelianism characterized by the figure of the Unhappy Consciousness. Following these two threads, the article reconstructs Wahl’s intellectual journey from his Ph.D. on American pluralism to his reception of Hegelianism in order to connect them to his less known work, which consists of introducing American modernist writers into the French philosophical landscape.
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LU, Feng. "“孔顏之樂”、壽命與生命之道". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2014): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121567.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Professor He Huaihong observes that the lives of famous Chinese philosophers in the 20th century were longer than those of their French counterparts and attributes this phenomenon to differences in these individuals’ ways of life and guiding philosophies. I broadly agree with Professor He. However, I make a different claim for the fundamental difference between Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy. According to Chinese philosophy, human beings’ supreme goal lies within human life, whereas that defined by Western philosophy isexternal to human life. According to modern definitions, humanity’s ultimate aim is to construct paradise on Earth through scientific and technological innovation and economic growth. The corollaries of this modern goal are that no single individual can ever be satisfied with her/his situation and that society as a whole can never be satisfied by the level of its economy. In short, modernity legitimizes global greed. As a result, many elites in modern society are greedy. However, greedy people cannot also be happy and unhappiness has been statistically linked with unhealthiness. Before the 20th century, most of China’s philosophers were absolutely virtuous and capable of remaining peaceful in any situations, and thus usually enjoyed long lives.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 81 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Авраменко, В. И. "Soren Kierkegaard’s Philosophy and its Influence on French Existentialist Novels". Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, n.º 1(70) (17 de marzo de 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2021.70.1.013.
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В статье выявляются предпосылки, обусловившие модификацию формы французского философского (экзистенциалистского) романа в середине XX века. На примере творчества Сёрена Кьеркегора показана связь поэтики экзистенциалистского произведения с философией. Определено существенное влияние на творчество французских экзистенциалистов не только идей датского мыслителя, но и соответствующей этим идеям найденной им формы философского поиска. Выявлены особенности этой формы: философское исследование параллельно в художественной и трактатной (или эссеистской) формах, их вступление в диалог, в ходе которого обе части поясняют и дополняют друг друга. Такой способ развития философской идеи и сама специфика экзистенциалистской философии определяют характер философского романа. Исчезает присущая «классическому» философскому роману необходимость прямого изложения идей. С помощью различных средств развивается выражение философии, а не ее высказывание. Отсюда — исчезновение в романе героя-резонёра, отсутствие исходной философемы (заданности философской проблемы) и другие особенности поэтики, которые еще предстоит изучить. Материалы исследования могут быть использованы при создании учебников и различных пособий по французской и зарубежной литературе, при разработке курсов лекций и практических занятий по литературе в высших учебных заведениях, при написании курсовых и дипломных работ. The article treats the prerequisites for the transformation of French existentialist novels in the middle of the 20th century. Soren Kierkegaard’s philosophy is used to show the connection between philosophy and existentialist poetics. The author of the article maintains that French existentialist writers were influenced not only by the Danish philosopher, but also by the latter’s method of philosophical inquiry. The author singles out some characteristics of the method: philosophical inquiry develops parallel with literary development, literary and philosophical patterns intertwine and complement each other. The method of philosophical inquiry and the peculiarities of existential philosophy determine the peculiarities of philosophical novels. The direct presentation of ideas typical of classical philosophical novels is no longer required, philosophical expressiveness prevails over philosophical description. The characters of existentialist novels no longer need to philosophize, philosophical problems don’t have to be set. The materials of the research can be used to create textbooks and manuals on French and foreign literature, to create lectures and seminars in literature in higher education institutions, to write term papers and graduation papers.
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Sallée, Nicolas. "Rehabilitation within a Punitive Framework: Responsibilization and Disciplinary Utopia in the French Juvenile Justice System". Youth Justice 17, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2017): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225417741017.
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In most Western countries, juvenile justice systems are confronted with a punitive framing of the problem of juvenile delinquency, which challenges the rehabilitative philosophy behind the first laws for minors passed in the first half of the 20th century. Through a sociohistorical study that focuses on the French case, I decrypt the emergence of a new model of ‘rehabilitation under constraint’, symbolized by the opening of new closed educational centers in 2002, followed by new supposedly rehabilitative prisons in 2007. Based on the neoliberal search for a responsibilization of youths, this model revives an old disciplinary utopia that calls our attention to the presumed need for a ‘return of authority’.
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Shcherbatova, Irina F. "The Formation of the Historiosophical Discourse in Russiaat the Beginning of the 19th Century". Voprosy Filosofii, n.º 1 (2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-1-122-131.
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This article argues that by 1830s historiosophical discourse in Russia had become both a specific genre and a type of ideology. The article outlines the spectrum of philosophical approaches to history within this genre and ideology. It argues that the defeat of the Decembrist revolt led to the formation of a particular negative interpretation of Russian history amongst Russian philosophers of that time. The author offers an analysis of works by Dmitry Venevitinov, Ivan Kireyevsky, and Pyotr Chaadayev written in the late 1820s and in the early 1830s. These texts allow us to explore the genealogy and distinctive style of Russian philosophy of history. Nikolay Karamzin’s interpretation of history as governed by providence proved to be the most influential interpretation of the 19th century. Pyotr Chaadaev’s historical pessimism and Ivan Kireyevsky’s optimistic messianism were both influenced by Karamzin’s humanist anthropology. All these thinkers were looking to determine the meaning of Russian history, and this very task inevitably entails rhetorical and ideological constructions. Russian messianism and the popular Russian idea of the decay of Europe were inspired by the conservative reception of the French revolution by religious thinkers in Europe. This messianic philosophy of history was expressed in a very non-scholarly discourse and was interwoven with ideas of teleology and providence together with some superficial comparative observations. There is a striking similarity between philosophy of history in the 1830s and the philosophy that was developed by the authors of the Vekhi collection in the early 20th century.
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Gueguen, Marie y Stathis Psillos. "Anti-Scepticism and Epistemic Humility in Pierre Duhem’s Philosophy of Science". Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2017.i2.06.
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Duhem’s philosophy of science is difficult to classify according to more contemporary categories like instrumentalism and realism. On the one hand, he presents an account of scientific methodology which renders theories as mere instruments. On the other hand, he acknowledges that theories with particular theoretical virtues (e.g., unity, simplicity, novel predictions) offer a classification of experimental laws that “corresponds to real affinities among the things themselves.” In this paper, we argue that Duhem’s philosophy of science was motivated by an anti-sceptical tendency, according to which we can confidently assert that our theories reveal truths about nature while, at the same time, admitting that anti-scepticism should be moderated by epistemic humility. Understanding Duhem’s epistemological position, which was unique amongst French philosophers of science in the beginning of the 20th century, requires a careful examination of his accounts of representation, explanation, and of their interrelation.
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Bourke, Richard. "What is conservatism? History, ideology and party". European Journal of Political Theory 17, n.º 4 (3 de julio de 2018): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885118782384.
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Is there a political philosophy of conservatism? A history of the phenomenon written along sceptical lines casts doubt on the existence of a transhistorical doctrine, or even an enduring conservative outlook. The main typologies of conservatism uniformly trace its origins to opposition to the French Revolution. Accordingly, Edmund Burke is standardly singled out as the ‘father’ of this style of politics. Yet Burke was de facto an opposition Whig who devoted his career to assorted programmes of reform. In restoring Burke to his original milieu, the argument presented here takes issue with 20th-century accounts of conservative ideology developed by such figures as Karl Mannheim, Klaus Epstein and Samuel Huntington. It argues that the idea of a conservative tradition is best seen as a belated construction, and that the notion of a univocal philosophy of conservatism is basically misconceived.
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Weissbrod, Rachel. "Philosophy of translation meets translation studies". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21, n.º 1 (24 de julio de 2009): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.21.1.03wei.
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Though there are no clear-cut boundaries between the philosophy of translation and translation studies, they are obviously not the same. They differ not only in how they address their subject matter but also in that they occupy different “niches” in the culture. In the terminology of Bourdieu, they partake in different, though possibly partly overlapping cultural fields. This article attempts to create a meeting place for two representatives of these disciplines: Paul Ricœur, a leading figure in French hermeneutics of the 20th century, and Gideon Toury, a prominent researcher in the field of translation studies. Ricœur’s concept of the (non-existing) “third text” is compared with Toury’s concept of “the adequate translation as a hypothetical construct”, which was proposed in the 1980s and negated in the 1990s; and Ricœur’s view of translation as “equivalence without adequacy” is compared with Toury’s stand on this issue. The possibility of working with both and reading each of them in light of the other is examined by applying their ideas to a test case—three Hebrew translations of Kipling’s “If ”. The underlying assumption is that establishing links between translation studies and the philosophy of translation can contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon, which is the subject matter of both.
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Shcherbatova, Irina F. "The Formation of the Historiosophical Discourse in Russiaat the Beginning of the 19th Century". Voprosy Filosofii, n.º 1 (2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-1-122-131.
Texto completoResumen
This article argues that by 1830s historiosophical discourse in Russia had become both a specific genre and a type of ideology. The article outlines the spectrum of philosophical approaches to history within this genre and ideology. It argues that the defeat of the Decembrist revolt led to the formation of a particular negative interpretation of Russian history amongst Russian philosophers of that time. The author offers an analysis of works by Dmitry Venevitinov, Ivan Kireyevsky, and Pyotr Chaadayev written in the late 1820s and in the early 1830s. These texts allow us to explore the genealogy and distinctive style of Russian philosophy of history. Nikolay Karamzin’s interpretation of history as governed by providence proved to be the most influential interpretation of the 19th century. Pyotr Chaadaev’s historical pessimism and Ivan Kireyevsky’s optimistic messianism were both influenced by Karamzin’s humanist anthropology. All these thinkers were looking to determine the meaning of Russian history, and this very task inevitably entails rhetorical and ideological constructions. Russian messianism and the popular Russian idea of the decay of Europe were inspired by the conservative reception of the French revolution by religious thinkers in Europe. This messianic philosophy of history was expressed in a very non-scholarly discourse and was interwoven with ideas of teleology and providence together with some superficial comparative observations. There is a striking similarity between philosophy of history in the 1830s and the philosophy that was developed by the authors of the Vekhi collection in the early 20th century.
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TAMBURELLO, Giusi. "Baudelaire’s Influence on Duo Duo’s Poetry through Chen Jingrong, a Chinese Woman Poet Translating from French". Asian Studies, n.º 2 (25 de septiembre de 2012): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2012.-16.2.21-46.
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As a woman poet, Chen Jingrong’s productions encompassed the whole 20th century: of particular interest are her poetry translations from the French language. Thanks to her translation work, valuable understanding of Charles Baudelaire’s poetry was made available in China, which influenced the Chinese contemporary poet, Duo Duo, when he first started writing poetry during his youth. This paper tries to depict the importance of this contribution of Chen Jingrong and its effect on the process of renovation of the contemporary poetic scene in China.
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Sanjabi, Maryam B. "Mardum-gurīz: An Early Persian Translation of Moliere's Le Misanthrope". International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, n.º 2 (mayo de 1998): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800065892.
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Ever since the Persian intelligentsia first discovered French literature in the 19th century, it has remained fascinated with its various genres: first with the writings of the Philosophe, then with the Romantics, the roman aventure, the realists, and, in the mid-20th century, with the existentialists and the thèâtre absurde. Moliere's comedies, in particular, were the subject of great interest and the source of many adaptations in the secularizing Iran of the Constitutional period (1905–19) and the Reza Shah era (1921–41). These comedies, often staged with the government's blessing in the newly built playhouses in Tehran and other major cities, had a great impact on the ethos of the growing urban middle classes, who viewed theater-going as a chic habit with a moral essence.
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Murphy, Peter. "From ‘capitalism and revolution’ to ‘capitalism and managerialism’". Thesis Eleven 161, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513620975601.
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Seventy years ago James Burnham (1905–1987) was a well-known American intellectual figure. Burnham’s 1941 book The Managerial Revolution, a cause célèbre, provided some of the conceptual framework for George Orwell’s 1984. Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997) at the time was an obscure Greek-French political intellectual, writer and small-group organizer. He co-founded the left-wing Socialisme ou Barbarie in Paris in 1949 while Burnham was already on a rightward intellectual trajectory. The two, though, shared certain traits. Both emerged from Trotskyist milieus as critics of bureaucratic collectivism. Both were anti-communists. Both were gifted writers and thinkers who were distinctly unorthodox in their approach, notably their scepticism about 20th-century managerial society and bureaucratic forms of capitalism. Then there were the divergences. At its inception in 1955 Burnham joined National Review, the principal organ of modern centre-right conservative opinion in the United States. Castoriadis became a leading figure of the French self-management left. Based on his Christian Gauss Seminar at Princeton, Burnham’s 1964 book Suicide of the West offered the most potent intellectual critique of left-liberalism ever produced. In ‘Proletariat and Organization 1’ (1959), Castoriadis referred to Burnham’s ‘pseudoanalysis’ of bureaucracy. Burnham was not a self-management advocate. As he abandoned Marxism his social philosophy drew on Vilfredo Pareto and other Machiavellian social theorists. The paper explores the affinities and the divergent political trajectories of two of the 20th century’s most interesting anti-bureaucratic thinkers.
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DÜPPE, TILL. "Listening to the Music of Reason: Nicolas Bourbaki and the Phenomenology of the Mathematical Experience". PhaenEx 10 (25 de octubre de 2015): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v10i0.3935.
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Jean Dieudonné, the spokesman of the group of French mathematicians named Bourbaki, called mathematics the music of reason. This metaphor invites a phenomenological account of the affective, in contrast to the epistemic and discursive, nature of mathematics: What constitutes its charm? Mathematical reasoning is described as a perceptual experience, which in Husserl’s late philosophy would be a case of passive synthesis. Like a melody, a mathematical proof is manifest in an affective identity of a temporal object. Rather than an exercise for its own sake, this account sheds a different light on both the epistemic limitation of mathematical science, and the discursive problem of social responsibility in mathematics – two issues at the heart of Husserl’s critique of science as well as of mid-20th century mathematics, for which Nicolas Bourbaki stands as a monument of rigor.
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Albano Leoni, Federico y Francesca M. Dovetto. "From Maine de Biran to the ‘Motor Theory’ of speech". Historiographia Linguistica 23, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 1996): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.3.06alb.
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Summary The basic idea of the modern Motor Theory of Speech Perception (Liberman et al. 1963) is that “the perception of speech is tightly linked to the feedback from the speaker’s own articulatory movements”. In this paper we try to show how the same idea was already formulated by the French philosopher Maine de Biran (1805) and taken up in the second half of the 19th century by psychologists (like Steinthal) and linguists (like Kruszewski and Paul). However, whereas in the 19th century the articulatory point of view was not only dominant, but also the only one incorporated in a general theory of language, in the 20th century the articulatory perspective is supplemented by the acoustic one (cf. Malmberg 1967). This was only hinted at by Ferdinand de Saussure in the Cours, but fully expressed in Jakobson & Halle (1956). In this respect, Liberman’s Motor Theory is to be considered much less original than it has been claimed.
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PARADIS, CAROLE y DARLENE LACHARITÉ. "Apparent phonetic approximation: English loanwords in Old Quebec French". Journal of Linguistics 44, n.º 1 (5 de febrero de 2008): 87–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226707004963.
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A key debate in loanword adaptation is whether the process is primarily phonetic or phonological. Is it possible that researchers on each side are viewing equally plausible, but different, scenarios? Perhaps, in some language situations, adaptation is carried out mainly by those without access to L2 phonology and is, perforce, perceptually driven. In other situations, adaptation may be done by bilinguals who actively draw upon their knowledge of L2 phonology in adapting loanwords. The phonetic strategy would most likely be favored in situations where the vast majority of the population did not know the L2, thus having no possible access to the L2 phonological system. The phonological strategy, on the other hand, is most likely to be favored in situations where there is a high proportion of speakers who are bilingual in the L1 and L2. This possibility is tested by comparing the adaptations of English loanwords in 19th- and early 20th-century Quebec French, when bilinguals were few, to those of contemporary Quebec French, in which the rate of bilingualism is far higher. The results show that even when the proportion of bilinguals in a society is relatively small, they determine how loanwords are pronounced in the borrowing language. Bilinguals adapt loanwords on the basis of phonology, not of faulty perception of foreign sounds and structures. However, in a society where bilinguals are few, there is a slight increase in non-phonological influences in loanword adaptation. We address the small role played by non-phonological factors, including phonetic approximation, orthography, and analogy (true or false), showing that false analogy, in particular, may give the impression that phonetic approximation is more widespread in a loanword corpus than is actually the case.
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Aich, Tapas Kumar. "Existential Psychology & Buddha Philosophy: It's Relevance in Nurturing a Healthy Mind". Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 3 (2 de enero de 2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11836.
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The term "existentialism" have been coined by the French philosopher Gabriel Marcel in the mid-1940s and adopted by Jean-Paul Sartre. The label has been applied retrospectively to philosophers like Martin Heidegger, Karl Jaspers and Søren Kierkegaard and other 19th and 20th century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, generally held that the focus of philosophical thought should be to deal with the conditions of existence of the individual person and his or her emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts. The early 19th century philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, posthumously regarded as ‘the father of existentialism’, maintained that the individual solely has the responsibilities of giving one's own life meaning and living that life passionately and sincerely, in spite of many existential obstacles and distractions including despair, angst, absurdity, alienation, and boredom. Over the last century, experts have written on many commonalities between Buddhism and various branches of modern western psychology like phenomenological psychology, psychoanalytical psychotherapy, humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology and existential psychology. In comparison to other branches of psychology, less have been studied and talked on the commonalities between Buddhist philosophy and modern existential psychology that have been propagated in the west. Buddha said that the life is ‘suffering’. Existential psychology speaks of ontological anxiety (dread, angst). Buddha said that ‘suffering is due to attachment’. Existential psychology also has some similar concepts. We cling to things in the hopes that they will provide us with a certain benefit. Buddha said that ‘suffering can be extinguished’. The Buddhist concept of nirvana is quite similar to the existentialists' freedom. Freedom has, in fact, been used in Buddhism in the context of freedom from rebirth or freedom from the effects of karma. For the existentialist, freedom is a fact of our being, one which we often ignore. Finally, Buddha says that ‘there is a way to extinguish suffering’. For the existential psychologist, the therapist must take an assertive role in helping the client become aware of the reality of his or her suffering and its roots. As a practising psychiatrist, clinician, therapist we often face patients with symptoms of depression where aetiology is not merely a reactive one, not an interpersonal conflict, not simply a cognitive distortion! Patients mainly present with some form of personal ‘existential crisis’. Unless we understand and address these existential questions, we probably, will fail to alleviate the symptoms of depression, by merely prescribing drugs, in these patients! DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11836
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Middleton, Sue. "Henri Lefebvre on education: Critique and pedagogy". Policy Futures in Education 15, n.º 4 (13 de diciembre de 2016): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210316676001.
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The ‘spatial turn’ in education policy studies fuelled interest in Lefebvre’s work: initially, in his work Production of Space and, more recently, Rhythmanalysis and Right to the City. Yet, although in these texts Lefebvre critiques universities and schools and introduces original pedagogical concepts, their educational strands have attracted little attention. Lefebvre’s other works available in English have been largely overlooked in education literature. As France’s first Professor of Sociology, Lefebvre was passionately engaged with education: in particular, teaching, competing for government grants and leading student activism. Critiques of education are threaded through Lefebvre’s three-volume Critique of Everyday Life, his writings on architecture and anthologies. Lefebvre’s work, The Explosion, is surprisingly neglected. A critique of French universities, it analyses student protests across Paris in 1968 – events in which Lefebvre was a leading activist. In geography and philosophy there are burgeoning secondary literatures on Lefebvre. Laying groundwork for such a literature in education, I survey Lefebvre’s references to education in all the works available in English. Arguing that Lefebvre was an educational thinker in his own right, this paper sketches a ‘roadmap’ for educational readings of Lefebvre’s prolific and largely sociological writing. This paper falls into three parts. The first uncovers core Marxist and phenomenological foundations of Lefebvre’s critiques of universities and schools. Building on these, it introduces Lefebvre’s pedagogical concepts. The second part contextualises these in relation to ‘New’ (or ‘Progressive’) education movements at ‘critical moments’ of 20th-century history. It includes a case study of one such moment – the 1968 Parisian student uprising – then outlines Lefebvre’s summation of education in the late 20th century. The third part draws together four ‘Lefebvrian’ pedagogical principles and considers their relevance today. Educational readings of Lefebvre, I suggest, can help educationists identify ‘cracks or interstices’ in ‘technocratic rationality’, suggesting strategies for resisting contemporary neo-liberal regimes.
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Antonov, Nikolay K. "A review of research literature on the topic of the priesthood in the works of st. Gregory the Theologian". Issues of Theology 3, n.º 2 (2021): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2021.204.
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The article examines the tradition of research on the topic of the priesthood in the legacy of St. Gregory the Theologian from the 19th century to 2020. The review includes general monographs on both the formation of the episcopate in Late Antiquity and specifically the legacy of Nazianzen, dissertations, publications in periodicals, dictionaries and encyclopedias on this topic, as well as on a wide range of related topics, key publications and translations of the Apology on his Flight — St. Gregory’s central text on the priesthood — in English, Russian, German, French and Italian. The following periodization of historiography is proposed: the early period (19th — middle of 20th centuries), theological studies of the Apology in the 50s–70s, studies and publications by J.Bernardi, the “new wave” of the 1990s and its development in the 21st century. In the last period, three main trends are identified: the Theologian’s texts on the priesthood are considered in the context of: the development of the image of a monk-bishop in Late Antiquity; platonic political philosophy; Gregory’s main theological concepts. The importance of research on other aspects of Gregory’s work is shown especially the categories θεωρία/πρᾶξις and his autobiographical texts. Two lines of further research are proposed as the most promising: intertextual analysis of the Apology and integral analysis of the entire legacy of St. Gregory through the prism of the priesthood theme.
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Fernàndez Gonzàlez, Jorge. "Mujeres pioneras: la catedrática de instituto Rosario Fuentes". Historia y Memoria de la Educación, n.º 14 (26 de mayo de 2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.14.2021.27510.
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If higher education was already restricted and off-limits to women until the 20th century, their access to teaching and obtaining academic positions at these levels was even more difficult and complex. The aim of this paper is to describe a paradigmatic case of this problem: the life of Rosario Fuentes, who achieved the highest score in a public exam to become French professor and who became the first secondary school professor at the Zorrilla high school in Valladolid. Fuentes alsohad a relevant career as a translator, with contributions to texts on education, philosophy and psychology. This study highlights her role as a researcher associated with the Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) and as a writer of French textbooks. She also took part in the organization of language teachers as well as teaching in different Teacher Training Schools. Her career suffered as a result of the purging process which Franco’s dictatorship carried out on teachers, a process that was especially arbitrary against women due to the fact that their own actions and thoughts were often considered less relevant than those of their partners or relatives.. This paper, which examines many of these aspects of her life, relies on documentation and unpublished images from different archives such as those of the administration and the family, as well as previous works that analyse the issue of women teachers in Secondary Education.
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Borokh, Olga N. "Ancient Chinese economic thought and the French academic context of the 1930s: Li Zhaoyi’s doctoral thesis". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 4 (2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015545-6.
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The article examines the contribution of the Chinese researcher of the first half of the 20th century Li Zhaoyi to the study of the impact of ancient Chinese thought on the economic doctrine of the French physiocrats. An interpretation of the schools of Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism as carriers of the idea of natural law, which became fundamental for physiocrats, is highlighted as a key feature of Li Zhaoyi’s academic concept. The interpretation of the Chinese teachings on morality, ritual, the way-Tao, and the law-Fa as different understandings of natural law was aimed at demonstrating the Chinese influence on the European thought of the Enlightenment. A distinctive feature of Li Zhaoyi’s research was the use of European concepts, primarily anarchism and individualism, to discuss the specifics of ancient Chinese thought through comparisons with the ideas of J.J. Rousseau, P.A. Kropotkin, M.A. Bakunin, M. Stirner. The increasing attention to the legacy of Li Zhaoyi in modern China is due to the growing interest in the problem of the recognition of Chinese concepts by the global academic community. Li Zhaoyi’s name was mentioned by well-known economist J.A. Schumpeter. The influence on the French physiocrats was a rare case of China’s contribution to the development of world economic science that is expected to provide inspiration for future intercultural interactions. It is concluded that the official policy of introducing “philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics” to the outside world will help to maintain interest in the history of China’s influence on European thought.
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Poštić, Svetozar. "Michel de Montaigne and the Power of Language". Verbum 5 (6 de febrero de 2015): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.2014.5.5005.
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This essay argues that the main instrument Montaigne, 16th-century French thinker and writer, used for creating a “new ontology,” as Nicola Panichi calls it (2004, 278), was language and a special style of writing. He, first of all, created – or revived from the Antiquity – a new genre most suitable for a new discourse, and christened it essai. Then he applied a method known in humanist schools of the Renaissance as ultraquem partem to relativise all previous thought. Finally, he employed a thorough, frank examination of his own behaviour, habits and preferences, adorned with Latin sentences, to promote self-analysis as a path to personal contentment. This article applies the theory of Bakhtin, a 20th-century Russian philosopher and sociolinguist, especially his essay “Discourse in the Novel” (“Слово в романе”), in the analysis of the peculiarity of Montaigne’s composition and its purposefulness in expressing at that time dangerous, but already prevalent worldview. Since battling medieval Christian thought was the paramount assignment of his endeavour, the quotes are mostly taken from Montaigne’s only essay – and by far the longest in the three-volume collection – entirely dedicated to religion, “Apologie de Raimond Sebond.”
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Fredrikzon, Johan. "3. Constrained Freedom". Sensorium Journal 3 (26 de marzo de 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/sens.2002-3030.2021.3.36-47.
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Johan Fredrikzon spent one and a half years as a visiting research assistant at the Film and Media Studies Program at Yale University 2018/2019. Some months before he arrived, a two-day workshop on Simondon was held by the Yale-Düsseldorf Working Group on Philosophy and Media, titled Modes of Technical Objects, with scholars from the US and Germany. Fredrikzon decided to engage a few of the workshop participants for this special issue of Sensorium, with the purpose to discuss perspectives on Simondon as a theoretical instrument for thinking technology, how the French philosopher matters in their work, and why there seems to be a revival in the interest in the writing of Simondon these days. On behalf of the Sensorium journal, the interviewer would like to thank the three interviewees for their generous participation.
About Paul North:
Paul North is Professor at the Department of Germanic Languages & Literatures at Yale University. He teaches on media and literature from Ancient Greece through the romantic and enlightenment traditions into 20th century literary and critical theory. In The Yield: Kafka’s Atheological Reformation (Stanford, 2015) North presented a largely unknown Kafka based on readings of the famous writer’s theoretical works at the end of World War I. Paul North’s new book, Bizarre Privileged Items in the Universe: The Logic of Likeness (Zone Books, 2021) diverges from centuries of thought focused on the idea of difference to engage deeply with the concept of likeness: in evolution, in natural and social worlds, in language and in art. More on: paulnorth.org.
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Shishkin, Andrey G. y Olga O. Morozova. "Art in the Age of Globalisation: Dialogue of Cultures (Ural Opera Ballet Theatre’s Production of the Opera Tri Sestry)". Changing Societies & Personalities 4, n.º 4 (29 de diciembre de 2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2020.4.4.112.
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The article explores the dialogics of art and the role of art as a tool of dialogue between cultures on the example of the Ural Opera Ballet Theatre’s recent stage production of the opera Tri Sestry (Three Sisters), which demonstrates a successful interaction between different cultural traditions.Interpreting Chekhov’s play from a late 20th century perspective, Hungarian composer Peter Eötvös presented new responses to the questions that tormented the play’s characters one hundred years ago. In his work, which blends French and German avant-garde techniques with structural elements drawn from film narrative and the Japanese Noh theatre tradition, he added a radically new dimension to Chekhov’s play. As a result, he was able to open up latent meanings the play within the great time space proposed by the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin. In turn, Christopher Alden (USA), the Artistic Director of the Ural Opera Ballet production, merged voices from different artistic traditions into a new contemporary musical image.
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Krysowski, Olaf. "The visions of global salvation in Juliusz Słowacki’s messianic thought and the philosophical works of Teilhard de Chardin". Świat i Słowo 35, n.º 2 (26 de noviembre de 2020): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5462.
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Juliusz Słowacki and Teilhard de Chardin did not have much in common. The former was a Polish poet who wrote in the first half of the 19th century using a literary-pictorial style. The latter, on the other hand, was a French philosopher working in the first half of the 20th century using a scientific and intellectual style. In spite of these differences, one may get the impression that they both followed the same goal: to learn and explain the principles of the development of the world, from its origin to its end, from Alpha to Omega. This aspiration was accompanied by a belief (in Słowacki’s case, a messianic one) that the progress of existence leads to salvation and takes place according to a certain plan. One of the main mecha- nisms of this plan is the process of lifting the consciousness through the evolution of various biological forms towards its final shape – unity with God who is both a person and the absolute which encompasses all of the creation. Although the poet and the philosopher used different communication codes, their works share a common vision of evolution as a transition from an unconscious, dispersed exist- ence to a united being in which the spirit, the knowledge and the mind can achieve a “global”, yet personalized level.
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Shcherbak, N. F. "Iconicity and Deconstruction: the Prose by Vladimir Nabokov and the 20th Century Post-Modernist Philosophy". Discourse 6, n.º 6 (15 de enero de 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-6-37-48.
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Introduction. This research aims at analyzing the novel by Vladimir Nabokov Transparent Things (1972) from the perspective of post-modernist philosophy. By post-modernist philosophy I mean the post-structural view of the sign theory, that focuses on iconicity, symbolic and iconic nature of the sign, the сoncept of deconstruction, the concept of rhizome, the concept of silence, the concept of différance (as stated by Derrida), the concept of difference and repetition introduced by G. Deleuze. This philosophy is linked to a more general view expressed, for instance, by Derrida (in his work the Gift of Death (Donner la mort)). The main innovative element of this research, therefore, is to study the prose by Nabokov as an example of post-modernist writing simultaneously applying the views and concepts introduced by cognitive linguistics, literary critics and post-modern writers like J. Derrida, U. Eco, R. Barthes.Methodology and sources. The research method used is semantic and structural analysis of the novel by Nabokov Transparent Things. Its main tool is the use of ideas introduced by French poststructuralists regarding the theory of sign, the symbolic nature of language, study of multiple meanings generated by a word in the process of its use and decoding.Results and discussion. The results of this research allow to outline main tendencies in the development of the 20th century narrative. It adheres to the general law of multi-level structure of the novel, play of words and sounds, which corresponds to the general view of difference (as coined by Derrida), deconstruction, rhizome, iconicity of sign. The rhizomorphic structure of the novel at the same time is mirror-like, which allows to apply the difference-repetition dichotomy put forward by G. Deleuze. If the micro-structure of Nabokov’s texts allows to make generalization about the author’s use of language, its macro-structure reveals deeper philosophical notions, implying that the death of the character in the novel leads to the study of the transcendental, or ”the Other” in psychoanalytical terms, thus putting the plot on a different scale of values. The view of language and its structure in its relation to the notion of transparency, allows to see the sign in a Heideggerian way, as bearing the replica of the world, having more in itself about the world, than anything else.Conclusion. The novel Transparent Things by Nabokov falls into the category of similar novels in which the author develops symbolic language and explores its potential, following the general pattern and establishing the rules of narrative construction in postmodern tradition.
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STROEVA, OLESYA V. "THE FATE OF DYSTOPIAS AND NEOLIBERAL VALUES IN MODERN SERIAL PRODUCTION". Art and Science of Television 16, n.º 4 (2020): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2020-16.4-11-29.
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The genre of dystopia is not among the most highly rated, since its character is usually critical and not entertaining. This is why the phenomenon of a growing number of dystopia remakes in the entertainment media industry is of scientific interest. Traditionally, dystopia was aimed at actualizing political problems related to the interaction between a state and a person. Apparently, contemporary totalitarianism is acquiring new features and is no longer a specific organization of state power in a particular country, but is associated with globalization, the development of macro-businesses and digitalization. Totalitarianism is being transformed from a political category to an economic one; consumerism in a society does the same in culture and art, which signs the French philosophers have been noticing since the second half of the 20th century. The question to be answered is whether the genre of dystopia in modern screen culture fulfills its function—critical evaluation of the modern totalitarianism. The research concerns an adaptation of F.K. Dick’s The Man in the High Castle. The analysis, however, is not cinematic, but cultural, as it is carried out in the context of the general socio-economic situation and the interpretation of the global digital macroeconomics as a possible manifestation of modern totalitarianism. In cultural analysis, a separate screen work becomes a manifestation of various tendencies, therefore, the study uses theoretical material from different areas such as existential philosophy of the twentieth century, Chinese philosophy, as well as sociopolitical criticism of the modern society. The methodology of reasoning in this context cannot be reduced only to the analysis of the film, but should be based on the principle of hermeneutic circles, since both the book and the series contain several semantic layers that must be correlated with the general cultural context. The author concludes that due to the economic and political pressure on the media industry, the processes of globalization and neoliberal “totalitarianism”, mass film products are frequently turning into certain clichés and ideological models, which is in itself a well-disguised dystopia.
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Meyer, Esther. "Solvable problems or problematic solvability? Problem conceptualization in transdisciplinary sustainability research and a possible epistemological contribution". GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 29, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.29.1.8.
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Problems are a major focal point in transdisciplinary sustainability research (TSR). As a text analysis shows, the term “problem” is most commonly used in the context of analyzing research processes that are directed towards societal problem-solving. At the same time, these findings imply that TSR does not follow the idea that problems are solvable. Instead, TSR should transgress the general tension between the solution imperative and the insolvability of complex problems by rather tackling each problem as situated and specific.Problem orientation plays a significant role in emerging transdisciplinary sustainability research (TSR), where the assumption of solvability resonates with the term “problem” yet is not questioned from a sustainability perspective. This paper questions the meaning of “problems” in and for TSR from a discourse studies perspective. The results of a collocation and concordance analysis of the term “problem(s)” in GAIA articles show that sustainability-oriented problem-solving is explicated normatively as a key research goal. In the analyzed articles, emphasis is put on how to proceed towards this goal through research process analysis. This paper begins by analyzing the meaning of “problems” before seeking to orientate TSR in terms of how knowledge could be conceptualized. This is supported by the epistemological concept of the problematic, which originates from 20th century French philosophy. It proves helpful to discuss how TSR can be epistemologically grasped, and thereby strengthened in its transformative potential.
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Čulo, Ivan y Ivan Šestak. "The Reception of Emmanuel Mounier in Croatia and the Former Yugoslavia From the Mid-60s to the end of the 20th Century". Diacovensia 26, n.º 3 (2018): 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31823/d.26.3.1.
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The paper studies and analyzes the reception of the French Catholic philosopher and the initiator of personalism Emmanuel Mounier (1905-1950), in Croatia and the former Yugoslavia from the mid-sixties to the end of the 20th century. The paper examines articles on Mounier and his personalism, his works and the influence of some of his ideas. Since the mid-sixties, the personalism of Emmanuel Mounier, as well as personalism as a philosophical direction in general, has largely been perceived as an attempt to synthesize Marxism and existentialism, or as an addition to Marxism. Such an approach was particularly highlighted in the works of Franjo Zenko and Zagorka Pešić-Golubović. This gave personalism, particularly Mounier’s, certain legitimacy and a positive reflection within the then dominant, 'official' Marxist circle, but at the same time it became marginal and questionable to Christian thinkers. It is evident that Mounier's personalism was perceived apart from the rest of personalist 'milieu' (Jacques Maritain, Nikolai Berdyaev, Gabriel Marcel, Denis de Rougemont, and others), which was strongly opposed to Marxism and existentialism. This is also the case with personalist activism, regarding which there is mention only of the left-wing group around Mounier and the Esprit magazine, while the right-wing and national-oriented personalist groups were not mentioned at all. Catholic thinkers and those from emigration built a reserved stance, and from them there are no comprehensive or opinion articles on the subject. The author also attributes the questionable understanding of personalism, as well as the lesser acceptance of Mounier's work, to the fact that there is not a single translation of a Mounier’s work into Croatian language.
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Widad, Mustafa El Hadi. "Documentation and Information Science: On Some Forgotten Origins of the French Contribution". Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 56, n.º 1(111) (1 de septiembre de 2018): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.378.
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PURPOSE/THESIS: This paper presents a review of the French contribution to the epistemology and theory of documentation and information science. It is focused on the authors, theories, and practices that have been neglected, or forgotten by French information specialists. An attempt was made to assess their contribution and influence on information science and the theory of the document. APPROACH/METHODS: The author focused on the analysis of the literature either printed or available as online texts, and proceedings of the ISKO-France conference held in Paris in 2017. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The review of the French contribution to the epistemology and theory of documentation and information science is carried out according to a triple chronological perspective. The first one goes back in time, as far as the contribution to the development of knowledge organization methods and theories of Enlightenment French philosophers’ and Gabriel Naudé. The second period covers relatively recent history, from the nineteenth to the twentieth century with the birth of the francophone document theoreticians such as the philosopher Auguste Comte and his Broad System of Ordering, and later Suzanne Briet’s view of a document as something (potentially anything) made into a document, offering the view that the word “document” should be used in a technical sense within information science to denote anything regarded as signifying something. The third period is represented by the thriving activities of what we call in France the forerunners among whom I have focused on the specific position of Eric De Grolier for his role in defining and expanding Ranganathan’s categories as well as that of Jean-Claude Gardin, their contribution and their impact on information science with a special focus on knowledge organization. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The theme of the 4th International Scientific Conference on Information Science in the Age of Change: Innovative Information Services from which this paper is derived implies that speakers would give a state of the art on Innovative Information Service. However, I would like to suggest that talking about the European tradition of information science underpinning the innovation in information services would be worthwhile. It is because this tradition played a central role in developing the connection between modernism and information science, especially in relation to schemes for bibliography and documentation that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th century. The impact of the French tradition and its modernism in documentation and information theory is tremendous, but I chose only a few of these authors, mostly those understudied, because I find it surprising that there is so little reference to them in more recent work.
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Cerdeira, João Pedro. "Entre Simone de Beauvoir e Ana Cristina Cesar: um estudo sobre a literatura da mulher". Revista PHILIA | Filosofia, Literatura & Arte 2, n.º 2 (10 de noviembre de 2020): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2596-0911.104011.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o conceito de “literatura da mulher” a partir da leitura de duas importantes autoras do século XX: a filósofa francesa Simone de Beauvoir e a poeta, tradutora e crítica literária brasileira Ana Cristina Cesar. Ainda que distantes entre si, encontramos na produção intelectual de ambas as autoras diversas aproximações possíveis que nos permitem refletir a respeito das relações entre gênero e literatura a partir de noções como alteridade e representação, contribuindo para o debate em torno deste conceito.Palavras-chave: Literatura. Gênero. Mulher. Simone de Beauvoir. Ana Cristina Cesar. AbstractThis paper intends to discuss the concept of “women’s literature” from the analysis of two important authors of the 20th century: the French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir and the Brazilian poet, translator and literary critic Ana Cristina Cesar. Although distant from each other, we find in the intellectual production of both authors several possible approximations that allow us to reflect on the relations between gender and literature based on notions such as alterity and representation, contributing to the debate surrounding this concept.Keywords: Literature. Gender. Woman. Simone de Beauvoir. Ana Cristina Cesar.
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Abad-Zapatero, Celerino. "Notes of a protein crystallographer: the legacy of J.-B. J. Fourier – crystallography, time and beyond". Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, n.º 5 (26 de abril de 2021): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205979832100293x.
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The importance of the Fourier transform as a fundamental tool for crystallography is well known in the field. However, the complete legacy of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) as a pioneer Egyptologist and premier mathematician and physicist of his time, and the implications of his work in other scientific fields, is less well known. Significantly, his theoretical and experimental work on phenomena related to the transmission of heat founded the mathematical study of irreversible phenomena and introduced the flow of time in physico-chemical processes and geology, with its implications for biological evolution. Fourier's insights are discussed in contrast to the prevalent notion of reversible dynamic time in the early 20th century, which was dominated by Albert Einstein's (1875–1953) theory of general relativity versus the philosophical notion of durée proposed by the French philosopher Henri-Louis Bergson (1859–1941). The current status of the mathematical description of irreversible processes by Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (1917–2003) is briefly discussed as part of the enduring legacy of the pioneering work of J.-B. J. Fourier, first established nearly two centuries ago, in numerous scientific endeavors.
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Stevenson, Helen y Marguerite Duras. "On the road: The first English translation of an extract from the screenplay of the 1977 film Le Camion by one of the greatest French writers of the 20th century". Index on Censorship 48, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422019874283.
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Rumyantseva, Tatsiana G. "Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit: Stylistic and Terminological Analysis". Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, n.º 10 (24 de diciembre de 2020): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-10-59-73.
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In 2020 the international philosophical community celebrates the 250th anniversary of the birth of G.W.F. Hegel. This anniversary provides an excellent opportunity to once again reconsider to the iconic works of the great German philosopher, among them, special attention should be paid to The Phenomenology of the Spirit, which is universally considered as one of the most famous works of world philosophical literature. Being the first of Hegel’s major works and, at the same time, the first and only part of the early version of his system of absolute idealism, this book, largely due to the efforts of the French Neo-Hegelians, acquired the status of one of the most famous philosophical works. Meanwhile, The Phenomenology of the Spirit is rightfully considered one of the most complex philosophical texts, which does not cease to attract attention, including due to the intricacies of its style. Being called by K. Marx “the true point of origin and the secret of the Hegelian philosophy,” this work, among other numerous “secrets” and “mysteries,” undoubtedly hides the mystery associated with the terminological and stylistic features of Hegel’s writing. Noting the serious difficulties encountered in reading The Phenomenology of the Spirit, the author of the article shows that Hegel wrote it, developing a new philosophical language, creating a range of linguistic innovations, also using Germanized Latin and Greek terms. Along with Spinoza’s Latin terminology, he borrowed some concepts from his compatriots (Wolf, Kant, Fichte and others), deliberately altering their meaning. The article also shows that, being an extremely complex (both in stylistic-linguistic and structural aspects) philosophical work, Hegel’s The Phenomenology of the Spirit had a huge impact on the development of intellectual culture of the 20th century, and not only due to its conceptions. Its language itself greatly contributed to the formation of special philosophical terminology and anticipated a number of significant changes in the structure and composition of philosophical texts.
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Kumankov, Arseniy D. "Kantian Project of Perpetual Peace in the Context of Modern Ethical and Political Concepts of War". Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, n.º 1 (27 de mayo de 2020): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-1-85-100.
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The article considers the modern meaning of Kant’s doctrine of war. The author examines the context and content of the key provisions of Kant’s concept of perpetual peace. The author also reviews the ideological affinity between Kant and previous authors who proposed to build alliances of states as a means of preventing wars. It is noted that the French revolution and the wars caused by it, the peace treaty between France and Prussia served as the historical background for the conceptualization of Kant’s project. In the second half of the 20th century, there is a growing attention to Kant’s ethical and political philosophy. Theorists of a wide variety of political and ethical schools, (cosmopolitanism, internationalism, and liberalism) pay attention to Kant’s legacy and relate their own concepts to it. Kant’s idea of war is reconsidered by Michael Doyle, Jürgen Habermas, Ulrich Beck, Mary Kaldor, Brian Orend. Thus, Doyle tracks democratic peace theory back to Kant’s idea of the spread of republicanism. According to democratic peace theory, liberal democracies do not solve conflict among themselves by non-military methods. Habermas, Beck, Kaldor appreciate Kant as a key proponent of cosmopolitanism. For them, Kant’s project is important due to notion of supranational forms of cooperation. They share an understanding that peace will be promoted by an allied authority, which will be “governing without government” and will take responsibility for the functioning of the principles of pacification of international relations. Orend’s proves that Kant should be considered as a proponent of the just war theory. In addition, Orend develops a new area in just war theory – the concept of ius post bellum – and justifies regime change as the goal of just war.
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Radavska, Oksana. "The expressional style of the novel by Jean Giono «Big flock»". Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, n.º 22 (2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-22-66-73.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of the stylistic peculiarities of the novel of the French writer Jean Giono «Big Flock» (1931) dedicated to the events of World War I. The article proposes to use the Gaston Bashlar’s conception «The Poetics of Fire» as a methodology for the research of the expressive style. In the French criticism there is an idea about stylistic sophistication of this work, which is defined as a model of the tragic naturalism. It is suggested to look at the style of this work from the point of view of the poetics of expressionism. It is shown that the work of J. Giono is an example of «the ardent language», which contains the bright «The Poetics of Fire» and many other means of expressionist style. The novel «Big Flock» is called an amazing work of world literature on the endlessly elaborated theme of the war 1914. According to the French criticism, the novel is written in the spirit of the tragic naturalism. In a novel hatred for a civilization that has shed so much blood is expressed with utmost power. We intend to prove the consistently expressionistic nature of this work. If we use Gaston Bashlar's concept of «Poetics of Fire» as a methodology to identify the expressionist style, it is precisely the dominant archetype of fire that will enable to move the novel by J. Giono on a style scale from tragic naturalism to expressionism. G. Bashlar is a distinguished French philosopher, cultural scientist, literary scholar of the 20th century who explores dreams, in particular the creative dream described in his work «Psychoanalysis of Fire», which examines the images inspired by the contemplation of the fire. Also in this work, the philosopher identifies specific psychological complexes that allow deeper understanding of poetic works. All the manifestations of the fire G. Bashlar connects with the creative process. The main features of the poetics of expressionism in the novel of J. Giono «Big Flock» are as follows: the active use of the fire image that makes the work an example of «The Poetics of Fire» written by Gaston Bashlyar; the fragmentation of the plot; the inciting of the naturalistic pictures of mutilation and the death; the schematized character-images, the descriptions of human appearance compared to animals; the hyperbolization of every language means; the richness of the multiple tropes, the pervasive allegory of the «great flock», which enables to bring the generalizations to the scale of all humanity, to equalize the human and the animal world as an object of destruction, etc. Apparently, there is no expressionist means that wouldn’t manifest itself in this novel.
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Kairiené, Aida. "THE RHIZOMATIC LEARNING FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF POSTSTRUCTURALISM". Journal of Education Culture and Society 11, n.º 1 (27 de junio de 2020): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2020.1.102.115.
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Aim.The postmodernism manifested itself in the second half of the 20th century. The branch of postmodernism is poststructuralism - in fact, it was called French poststructuralism, with the dominant philosophy being “68 philosophy” (Marshall, 2004). In that period, alongside influential works such as Derrida “On Grammatology” (1968), M. Foulcalt “The Madness and Civilization” (1967), J. Kristeva “Semiotics” (1969) emerged and Deleuze, Guattari personalities. According to the Eurydice study, 9 out of 10 students in the European Union study English. Students can learn English not only in formal but also in non-formal and informal forms. This enables the development of rhizomatic learning, which origins lie in Deleuze, Guattari (2004) philosophy. Thus, the problem – related question arises: what is the essence of rhizomatic learning from a perspective of poststructuralism? The aim of the study is to review theoretical considerations in order to reveal the essence of rhizomatic learning from a perspective of poststructuralism.
Method.The research method – a scientific literature review. The literature review examines relevant, current, and recent literature (Grant & Booth, 2009). The literature review is based on philosophical and educational insights. The following sources have been selected for the analysis of rhizomatic learning of English: 1) philosophical and educational books that help to reveal the essence of rhizomatic learning; 2) publications and dissertations on the issue of rhizomatic learning, which helped to analyse the essence of rhizomatic learning from a perspective of poststructuralism.
Results. The antecedents of rhizomatic learning are rhizome and other Deleuze Guattari's (2004) concepts as assemblages, becoming, nomad. The rhizomatic learning based on Deleuze Guattari's (2004) term of rhizome, which has neither beginning nor end (Cormier, 2008), providing a dynamic, open, personalized learning network created by learners themselves that meets their perceived and real needs (Lian, Pineda, 2014). The concept of rhizomatic learning has its own meaning, but is closely related to the concepts of Deleuze, Guattari (2004), such as rhizome, assemblage, becoming, nomad, and so on. It should be noted that the rhizomatic learning from poststructuralism perspective develops and manifests itself through various 'moving' Deleuze, Guattari’s (2004) concepts. The consequences of rhizomatic learning show that rhizomatic learning could be applied successfully in educational science as learning foreign languages in various learning forms.
Conclusion. The scientific analysis revealed that rhizomatic learning develops through Deleuze, Guattari concepts, especially through becoming learner and occurs in lifelong learning of English.
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Kislov, Denis. "Management and communication ideas in the late 17th – early 19th centuries". History of science and technology 11, n.º 1 (26 de junio de 2021): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-38-53.
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The article examines the period from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century, when on the basis of deep philosophical concepts, a new vision of the development of statehood and human values raised. At this time, a certain re-thinking of the management and communication ideas of Antiquity and the Renaissance took place, which outlined the main promising trends in the statehood evolution, which to one degree or another were embodied in practice in the 19th and 20th centuries. A systematic approach and a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of those years achievements for the present and the immediate future of the 21st century served as the methodological basis for a comprehensive review of the studies of that period. The scientific novelty of this study is the demonstration of the theoretical heritage complexity of the Enlightenment for the general history of management and communication ideas. The article presents an analysis of the views and concepts of the late 17th – early 18th century thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who defend the right to freedom of communication and liberalization of relationships in the system: “person – society – state”, associated with their own understanding of the government role. French enlighteners François Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Jean d'Alembert, Etienne Condillac were much smaller theorists in management and communication issues, but their successful epistolary and encyclopedic communication practice, starting from the third decade of the XVIII century significantly increased the self-awareness of the masses. The influence of their ideas on the possibility of progressive development of social relations, on improving the national states manageability and on how of a new type scientists were able not only to popularize knowledge, but also to practically make it an object of public communication is shown. In this context, the author considers the importance of political and legal communication problems in the vision of Charles Louis Montesquieu and analyzes the republican governance ideas by Jean-Jacques Rousseau as an outstanding figure of the Enlightenment, who attached great importance to the forms and methods of forming of the state governance structures. At the end of the historical period under consideration, a comparative historical analysis of the most significant statements of such thinkers as Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is presented. These founders of the scientific discourse around the problems of power and state, war and peace, the effectiveness of government and communication in relations with the people laid the enduring foundations of the theoretical argumentation of two opposing views on the cardinal problem of our time – the possibility or impossibility of achieving mutually acceptable foundations of a new world order peacefully, excluding all types of hybrid wars. The general picture of the scientific and technological achievements of this period, influencing the level of understanding of the management and communication functions of the state of that time, is given in comparison with the present.
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Гагинский, Алексей Михайлович. "Review of: Рикёр П. Genesis, essence and substance in Plato and Aristotle. Course taught at the University of Strasbourg in 1953-1954 / transl. from french G. V. Vdovina. Moscow: Publishing house of humanitarian literature, 2019. 286 p. ISBN 978-5-87121-051-2". Theological Herald, n.º 4(35) (25 de diciembre de 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2019-35-279-287.
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Курс лекций П. Рикёра, прочитанный более полувека назад, интересен по ряду причин. Во-первых, потому что он посвящён крайне важной теме — античной онтологии; во-вторых, потому что он был прочитан одним из ведущих философов XX в.; в-третьих, потому что этот философ был крупнейшим представителем герменевтического направления, вследствие чего особенно любопытно проследить, как он читает тексты, без преувеличения, самых важных философов в истории человечества. Впрочем, с формальной точки зрения есть некоторые сомнения в возожности исполнения замысла работы: П. Рикёр всё-таки не антиковед, его знание греческого языка, что видно из текста, весьма скромного уровня; кроме того, изданный текст представляет собой курс лекций, автор которых, как кажется, не столько хочет донести до слушателей результаты кропотливых исследований и продуманных идей, сколько разобраться вместе со студентами в античной онтологии. P. Ricoeur's course of lectures, delivered more than half a century ago, is interesting for a number of reasons. Firstly, because it is devoted to an extremely important topic - ancient ontology; secondly, because it was read by one of the leading philosophers of the 20th century; thirdly, because this philosopher was the biggest representative of the hermeneutic direction, so it is especially interesting to trace how he reads texts of, without exaggeration, the most important philosophers in the history of mankind. However, from the formal point of view, there are some doubts about the feasibility of the idea of the work: Ricoeur is not an antiquarian and his knowledge of Greek, as the text shows, is rather modest; besides, the published text is a course of lectures, the author of which seems to want not so much to convey the results of laborious research and elaborated ideas to his students, as to understand ancient ontology together with the students.
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Reeh, Henrik. "MØDER OG GRÆNSER – TVÆRKUNSTNERISKE PLANER FOR BYENS HAVN. EN SØNDERBORG-HISTORIE". K&K - Kultur og Klasse 38, n.º 109 (1 de julio de 2010): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v38i109.15796.
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ENCOUNTERS AND BOUNDARIES. INTERARTISTIC PROJECTS FOR THE CITY’S HARBOUR. A SØNDERBORG STORYIn the early 2000s, The Danish Arts Foundation strengthened a burgeoning interdisciplinary tendency in urban planning when it decided to fund strategic design projects for post-industrial Danish harbour cities. The present study delves into this process, which involved a specially composed team of seven members (architects, artists, and a scholar of cultural theory [the author of the present article]), as well as administrative and political institutions in Sønderborg, a historical city of 30,000 inhabitants in Southern Jutland, not far from Germany. Referring to French philosopher Michel de Certeau’s critical demonstration of a gap separating the urban planner from the very life of the city for which his plan or design is destined, the Arts Foundation team systematically attempted to reflect upon its own points of view as well as those of the citizens and society of Sønderborg. Notably, the design team explored the itineraries of everyday life as a basis for new urban spaces, architectural structures and pedestrian infrastructures, the aim being to reuse industrial urban elements of the early 20th century – elements that could easily be appropriated by the scale and practices of contemporary urban life. “Encountering the City’s Harbour”: these words summarise the concept underlying the urban design and development strategy proposed by the Arts Foundation team. A model comprising four levels – [1] studies from afar; [2] in situ explorations of the urban fabric; [3] elaboration of a key concept; [4] dialogues with urban users – systematises the collaborative efforts made from 2002 to 2005 and provides a practical answer to the structural challenge outlined by Certeau.