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1

Kinnamon, J. C., and S. M. Royer. "Synaptic organization of vertebrate taste buds." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168451.

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The vertebrate taste bud is an end organ specialized to detect and transduce aqueous chemical stimuli. In mammals most taste buds are located on the tongue. Lingual taste buds are typically distributed over three fields or papillae: fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae. Fungiform papillae are found on raised eminences near the tip of the tongue. Each fungiform papilla contains from one to several taste buds. Foliate taste buds are located in epithelial folds (foliate papillae) of the posterolateral surfaces of the tongue. In the rear of the tongue circumvallate taste buds line the wal
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2

Goodarzi, N., and M. Azarhoosh. "Morpholoical Study of the Brandt’s Hedgehog, Paraechinus hypomelas (Eulipotyphla, Erinaceidae), Tongue." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0052.

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Abstract The morphology and histological structure of two adult Brandt’s hedgehog, Paraechinus hypomelas, (Brandt, 1836) tongue were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. On the dorsal surface of the tongue, three types of papillae were observed: filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae. Apex and corpus of the tongue as well as the lateral surface of the corpus were covered with numerous filiform papillae with bifurcated tip, while the epithelium lining the ventral lingual surface was free from papillae. Discoid shape fungiform papillae were scattered over the entire surface of t
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3

Saito, Takehisa, Tetsufumi Ito, Norihiko Narita, Takechiyo Yamada, and Yasuhiro Manabe. "Light and Electron Microscopic Observation of Regenerated Fungiform Taste Buds in Patients with Recovered Taste Function after Severing Chorda Tympani Nerve." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 120, no. 11 (November 2011): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941112001104.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean number of regenerated fungiform taste buds per papilla and perform light and electron microscopic observation of taste buds in patients with recovered taste function after severing the chorda tympani nerve during middle ear surgery. Methods: We performed a biopsy on the fungiform papillae (FP) in the midlateral region of the dorsal surface of the tongue from 5 control volunteers (33 total FP) and from 7 and 5 patients with and without taste recovery (34 and 29 FP, respectively) 3 years 6 months to 18 years after surgery. The specimens
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4

Liu, Hong-Xiang, Ann M. Staubach Grosse, Katherine D. Walton, Daniel A. Saims, Deborah L. Gumucio, and Charlotte M. Mistretta. "WNT5a in Tongue and Fungiform Papilla Development." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1170, no. 1 (July 2009): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04369.x.

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5

Murayama, N. "Interaction among different sensory units within a single fungiform papilla in the frog tongue." Journal of General Physiology 91, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.91.5.685.

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The possible interaction among different sensory units in the frog tongue was studied using several single papillae dually innervated by the medial and lateral branches of the glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve. The afferent activity in one branch exposed to NaCl stimulation of the papilla revealed marked inhibition after antidromic electrical stimulation (100 Hz, 30 s, and 3 V) of the other branch. The degree of inhibition depended on the number of sensory responses observed in the electrically stimulated branch as well as the nature of the stimulated sensory units. Statistical analysis suggested
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6

OĞRUM, Atiye, Zennure TAKÇI, and Havva YILDIZ SEÇKİN. "Pigmented Fungiform Papillae: Case Report and Review of the Literature." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology 28, no. 1 (2018): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/dermato.2018-60677.

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7

Melis, Melania, Mariano Mastinu, Lala Chaimae Naciri, Patrizia Muroni, and Iole Tomassini Barbarossa. "Associations between Sweet Taste Sensitivity and Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 Genes, Gender, PROP Taster Status, and Density of Fungiform Papillae in a Genetically Homogeneous Sardinian Cohort." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224903.

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Individual differences in sweet taste sensitivity can affect dietary preferences as well as nutritional status. Despite the lack of consensus, it is believed that sweet taste is impacted by genetic and environmental variables. Here we determined the effect of well-established factors influencing the general taste variability, such as gender and fungiform papillae density, specific genetic variants (SNPs of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 receptors genes), and non-specific genetic factors (PROP phenotype and genotype), on the threshold and suprathreshold sweet taste sensitivity. Suprathreshold measurements s
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8

Fukasawa, Takashim, Takashi Kumazawa, Takenori Miyamoto, Rie Fujiyama, Yukio Okada, and Toshihide Sato. "Reconstituted Ion Channels of Frog Fungiform Papilla Cell Membrane." Zoological Science 18, no. 3 (April 2001): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.18.299.

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9

Martins, D. M., L. L. Pinheiro, V. C. Ferreira, A. M. Costa, A. R. Lima, R. E. G. Ricci, M. A. Miglino, and E. Branco. "Tongue papillae morphology of brown-throated sloth Bradypus variegatus (SCHINZ, 1825)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, no. 5 (October 2014): 1479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6343.

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The Bradypusvariegatus inhabits the forests of South America and feeds from leaves, branches and sprouts from different plants. Due to its diet and the lack of literature on the morphological aspect of Xenarthras, five Bradypusvariegatus tongues from animals which died from natural causes were evaluated, and they came from Pará State Museum Emílio Goeldi and were donated to the Laboratory of Animal Morphological Research (LaPMA) from UFRA, for revealing the different types of papillae and epithelial-connective tissue. Macroscopically, the tongues presented elongated shape, rounded apex, body,
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10

Mistretta, Charlotte M., and Robert M. Bradley. "The fungiform papilla is a complex, multimodal, oral sensory organ." Current Opinion in Physiology 20 (April 2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2021.01.012.

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11

Takeuchi, Hiroko, Takashi Tsunenari, Takashi Kurahashi, and Akimichi Kaneko. "Physiology of morphologically identified cells of the bullfrog fungiform papilla." Neuroreport 12, no. 13 (September 2001): 2957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200109170-00040.

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12

Nagato, T., K. Matsumoto, H. Tanioka, J. Kodama, and H. Toh. "Effect of Denervation on Morphogenesis of the Rat Fungiform Papilla." Cells Tissues Organs 153, no. 4 (1995): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147739.

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13

Kumari, Archana, Alexandre N. Ermilov, Marina Grachtchouk, Andrzej A. Dlugosz, Benjamin L. Allen, Robert M. Bradley, and Charlotte M. Mistretta. "Recovery of taste organs and sensory function after severe loss from Hedgehog/Smoothened inhibition with cancer drug sonidegib." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 48 (November 13, 2017): E10369—E10378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712881114.

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Striking taste disturbances are reported in cancer patients treated with Hedgehog (HH)-pathway inhibitor drugs, including sonidegib (LDE225), which block the HH pathway effector Smoothened (SMO). We tested the potential for molecular, cellular, and functional recovery in mice from the severe disruption of taste-organ biology and taste sensation that follows HH/SMO signaling inhibition. Sonidegib treatment led to rapid loss of taste buds (TB) in both fungiform and circumvallate papillae, including disruption of TB progenitor-cell proliferation and differentiation. Effects were selective, sparin
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14

McCarthy, C., D. Holt, and A. Triantafyllou. "Solitary pigmentation of the tongue: lentigo simplex or pigmented fungiform papilla?" Oral Surgery 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2017): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ors.12264.

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15

Liu, H. X., Y. Q. Zhou, B. S. Henson, N. J. D'Silva, and C. M. Mistretta. "EGF and BMP inhibition of fungiform papilla formation in embryonic tongue." Developmental Biology 295, no. 1 (July 2006): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.405.

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16

Zhang, Gen-Hua, Shao-Ping Deng, Lei-Lei Li та Hong-Tao Li. "Developmental change of α-gustducin expression in the mouse fungiform papilla". Anatomy and Embryology 211, № 6 (25 серпня 2006): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-006-0112-2.

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17

Reginato, Gabriela de Souza, Cristina de Sousa Bolina, Ii-sei Watanabe, and Adriano Polican Ciena. "Three-Dimensional Aspects of the Lingual Papillae and Their Connective Tissue Cores in the Tongue of Rats: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/841879.

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The aim of the present study was to describe the tridimensional morphological characteristics of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Sprague Dawley rats. Four types of papillae were reported on the dorsal surface. Filiform papillae were distributed on the tongue surface and after epithelial maceration a conic and multifilamentary shape of the CTCs was revealed. Fungiform papillae were reported on the rostral and middle regions covered by a squamous epithelium. After the removal of the epithelium, the shape of a volcano with the taste orifice at its top was noted. F
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18

Ogata, Takahiro, and Yoshitaka Ohtubo. "Quantitative Analysis of Taste Bud Cell Numbers in the Circumvallate and Foliate Taste Buds of Mice." Chemical Senses 45, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa017.

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Abstract A mouse single taste bud contains 10–100 taste bud cells (TBCs) in which the elongated TBCs are classified into 3 cell types (types I–III) equipped with different taste receptors. Accordingly, differences in the cell numbers and ratios of respective cell types per taste bud may affect taste-nerve responsiveness. Here, we examined the numbers of each immunoreactive cell for the type II (sweet, bitter, or umami receptor cells) and type III (sour and/or salt receptor cells) markers per taste bud in the circumvallate and foliate papillae and compared these numerical features of TBCs per t
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19

Gupta, Shreya, Nidhi Sinha, Neeti Swarup, Chandrani Sagolsem, and Zoya Chowdhary. "Atrophic Glossitis: Burning Agony of Nutritional Deficiency Anemia." World Journal of Anemia 1, no. 2 (2017): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10065-0011.

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ABSTRACT Lingual atrophic condition is the loss of ordinary texture and appearance of the dorsal tongue, determined by papillary protrusion, which turns into a soft and smooth aspect. Atrophic glossitis (AG) is a lingual atrophic condition, characterized by loss of fungiform or filiform papilla from the dorsum of tongue. This is generally associated with pain, glossodynia, and burning sensation, glossopyrosis. It is associated with a variety of conditions, local and systemic. Atrophic glossitis is considered to be an important indicator for nutritional deficiency anemias. The study aims at a b
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20

Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Karolina, Pavla Hamouzová, Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot, and Petr Čížek. "The tongue of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens Cuvier, 1825)—a stereoscopy, light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis." PeerJ 9 (November 25, 2021): e12559. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12559.

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In the light of recent molecular studies, there are two phylogenetic species of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens): Ailurus fulgens fulgens and Ailurus fulgens styani. The red panda belongs to the endangered species living in the wild only in Asia and is included in the CITES list. Although the biology and diet of this species has been extensively described, the histological structure of the tongue and lingual glands has not yet been characterized in detail in relation to the lifestyle of this mammal under specific conditions and as a basis for comparative anatomical studies of the biodiversity o
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21

Zhou, Yanqiu, Hong-Xiang Liu, and Charlotte M. Mistretta. "Bone morphogenetic proteins and noggin: Inhibiting and inducing fungiform taste papilla development." Developmental Biology 297, no. 1 (September 2006): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.05.022.

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22

Gioglio, Luciana, G. Rapuzzi, and C. Dell'orbo. "Fine structure of the fungiform papilla in a ranid frog (Rana esculenta)." Journal of Morphology 195, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051950102.

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23

McCutcheon, N. Bruce. "Salt-acid confusion on the single fungiform papilla: Effect of changing acid sensitivity." Physiology & Behavior 36, no. 6 (January 1986): 1081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(86)90483-x.

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24

Liu, Hong-Xiang, Bradley S. Henson, Yanqiu Zhou, Nisha J. D'Silva, and Charlotte M. Mistretta. "Fungiform papilla pattern: EGF regulates inter-papilla lingual epithelium and decreases papilla number by means of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling." Developmental Dynamics 237, no. 9 (September 2008): 2378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21657.

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25

Vinnikova, Anna K., Rammy I. Alam, Shahbaz A. Malik, Glenn L. Ereso, George M. Feldman, John M. McCarty, Mark A. Knepper, Gerard L. Heck, John A. DeSimone, and Vijay Lyall. "Na+-H+ Exchange Activity in Taste Receptor Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 3 (March 2004): 1297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00809.2003.

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mRNA for two Na+-H+-exchanger isoforms 1 and 3 (NHE-1 and NHE-3) was detected by RT-PCR in fungiform and circumvallate taste receptor cells (TRCs). Anti-NHE-1 antibody binding was localized to the basolateral membranes, and the anti-NHE-3 antibody was localized in the apical membranes of fungiform and circumvallate TRCs. In a subset of TRCs, NHE-3 immunoreactivity was also detected in the intracellular compartment. For functional studies, an isolated lingual epithelium containing a single fungiform papilla was mounted with apical and basolateral sides isolated and perfused with nominally CO2/H
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26

Liu, Hong Xiang, Alexandre Ermilov, Marina Grachtchouk, Libo Li, Deborah L. Gumucio, Andrzej A. Dlugosz, and Charalotte M. Mistretta. "Multiple Shh signaling centers participate in fungiform papilla and taste bud formation and maintenance." Developmental Biology 382, no. 1 (October 2013): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.07.022.

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27

Zahm, Daniel S., and Bryce L. Munger. "The innervation of the primate fungiform papilla — development, distribution and changes following selective ablation." Brain Research Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 1985): 147–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(85)90011-6.

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28

Reynolds, Stacey, M. Emily Burgess, Nava Hymowitz, Derek J. Snyder, and Shelly J. Lane. "Fungiform Papilla Number and Olfactory Threshold Assessment in Males With and Without Barth Syndrome." Chemosensory Perception 10, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-017-9228-4.

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29

Kadhim, Abdularazzaq Baqer. "Histomorphological investigation of tongue of Porcupine Hystrix cristate." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 42, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v42i1.24.

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Anatomical and histological explorations of the tongue in ten adult male Porcupine (Hystrix cristata) collected from AL-Diwanyha city by the hunter, after porcupine prepared the tongue illustrious after that the position, shape dimensions were enrolled. The square-shape of body, thicken less steadily toward caudal part of tongue. Root was tends caudally in the direction of the epiglottis. Torus linguae found on the caudal part of the dorsal surface of the tongue. In the end of lateral surface of tongue have foliate papilla osculate the premolar teeth. The length, apex, body and root of the ton
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30

Kumari, Archana, Alexandre N. Ermilov, Benjamin L. Allen, Robert M. Bradley, Andrzej A. Dlugosz, and Charlotte M. Mistretta. "Hedgehog pathway blockade with the cancer drug LDE225 disrupts taste organs and taste sensation." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00822.2014.

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Taste sensation on the anterior tongue requires chorda tympani nerve function and connections with continuously renewing taste receptor cells. However, it is unclear which signaling pathways regulate the receptor cells to maintain chorda tympani sensation. Hedgehog (HH) signaling controls cell proliferation and differentiation in numerous tissues and is active in taste papillae and taste buds. In contrast, uncontrolled HH signaling drives tumorigenesis, including the common skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma. Systemic HH pathway inhibitors (HPIs) lead to basal cell carcinoma regression, but the
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31

Farbman, Albert I., and Göran Hellekant. "Enhanced membrane turnover in response to stimuli in the primate taste bud." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155918.

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The presence of membrane-enclosed vesicles, 50-100 nm in diameter (cf. Fig. 1), has been observed in the taste pores of rats, mice, and rabbits, although little attention has been devoted to their importance. Murray has noted that fungiform papilla taste pores contained more vesicles than foliate papilla pores. In a recent paper we showed that thaumatin, an intensely sweet, basic protein (pl = 12), binds to the vesicles and to microvilli in taste pores. We suggested that the vesicles were shed from the microvilli as a kind of apocrine secretion, and proposed that the shedding of these vesicles
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32

Zhang, G. H., H. Y. Zhang, S. P. Deng, and Y. M. Qin. "Regional Differences in Taste Bud Distribution and -Gustducin Expression Patterns in the Mouse Fungiform Papilla." Chemical Senses 33, no. 4 (February 21, 2008): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjm093.

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33

Sollars, Suzanne I., and Ilene L. Bernstein. "Neonatal chorda tympani transection permanently disrupts fungiform taste bud and papilla structure in the rat." Physiology & Behavior 69, no. 4-5 (June 2000): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00259-0.

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34

Hanamori, T., I. J. Miller, and D. V. Smith. "Gustatory responsiveness of fibers in the hamster glossopharyngeal nerve." Journal of Neurophysiology 60, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 478–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.60.2.478.

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1. Mammalian taste receptors are distributed within separate subpopulations, innervated by branches of cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. Most gustatory electrophysiology has focused on input from the fungiform papillae on the anterior portion of the tongue, carried by the chorda tympani branch of the VIIth nerve. However, only a small percentage of the taste buds are located in the fungiform papillae (approximately 18% in the hamster). There have been no studies on the hamster's IXth nerve, which innervates greater than 50% of its taste buds, and most other studies of IXth nerve function have emp
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35

Kanno, Naoko, Saishu Yoshida, Takako Kato, and Yukio Kato. "Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 67, no. 7 (March 14, 2019): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155419836433.

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Neuronatin ( Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex-determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT-positive cells and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, to
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36

Mii, Sumiyuki, Yasuyuki Amoh, Kensei Katsuoka, and Robert M. Hoffman. "Comparison of Nestin-Expressing Multipotent Stem Cells in the Tongue Fungiform Papilla and Vibrissa Hair Follicle." Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 115, no. 6 (April 15, 2014): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24696.

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37

Gioglio, Luciana, Giovanni Rapuzzi, and Daniela Quacci. "Ca++- and Na+, K+-ATPase activities in the fungiform papilla of the tongue ofRana Esculenta (Anura Ranidae)." Journal of Morphology 210, no. 2 (November 1991): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052100203.

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38

Popel’, S. L., O. V. Baskevich, V. M. Zhurakіvskyi, O. Y. Zhurakіvska, I. V. Melnik, S. Z. Krasnopolskiij, and O. V. Atamanchuk. "Three-dimensional structure of the lingual papillae of healthy rats and rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (in the context of mechanism of development of diabetic glossitis)." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 1 (February 12, 2017): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021711.

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We studied the three-dimensional structure and patterns of distribution of the lingual papillae of healthy rats (the norm) and their changes in the process of development of diabetes mellitus І type. The research was conducted on 65 laboratory rats of the Weestar line. The research investigated the mucus shell and the microcirculatory network of the tongue. The distribution and three-dimensional structure of the papillae of the tongue were studied using a scanning electron microscope. It was found that there are 5 morphological subspecies of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of body of t
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39

Nakashima, Kiyohito, and Yuzo Ninomiya. "Increase in Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Levels of the Fungiform Papilla in Response to Saccharin and Bitter Substances in Mice." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 8, no. 4 (1998): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016285.

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40

Nachtsheim, René, and Elmar Schlich. "The influence of 6-n-propylthiouracil bitterness, fungiform papilla count and saliva flow on the perception of pressure and fat." Food Quality and Preference 29, no. 2 (September 2013): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.03.011.

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41

Naciri, Lala Chaimae, Mariano Mastinu, Roberto Crnjar, Iole Tomassini Barbarossa, and Melania Melis. "Automated Classification of 6-n-Propylthiouracil Taster Status with Machine Learning." Nutrients 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020252.

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Several studies have used taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) to evaluate interindividual taste variability and its impact on food preferences, nutrition, and health. We used a supervised learning (SL) approach for the automatic identification of the PROP taster categories (super taster (ST); medium taster (MT); and non-taster (NT)) of 84 subjects (aged 18–40 years). Biological features determined from subjects were included for the training system. Results showed that SL enables the automatic identification of objective PROP taster status, with high precision (97%). The biologica
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42

Saito, Takehisa, Tetsufumi Ito, Yumi Ito, Yasuhiro Manabe, and Kazuo Sano. "Relationship between gustatory function and average number of taste buds per fungiform papilla measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy in humans." European Journal of Oral Sciences 125, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eos.12329.

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43

Donnelly, Christopher R., Archana Kumari, Libo Li, Iva Vesela, Robert M. Bradley, Charlotte M. Mistretta, and Brian A. Pierchala. "Probing the multimodal fungiform papilla: complex peripheral nerve endings of chorda tympani taste and mechanosensitive fibers before and after Hedgehog pathway inhibition." Cell and Tissue Research 387, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-021-03561-1.

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AbstractThe fungiform papilla (FP) is a gustatory and somatosensory structure incorporating chorda tympani (CT) nerve fibers that innervate taste buds (TB) and also contain somatosensory endings for touch and temperature. Hedgehog (HH) pathway inhibition eliminates TB, but CT innervation remains in the FP. Importantly, after HH inhibition, CT neurophysiological responses to taste stimuli are eliminated, but tactile responses remain. To examine CT fibers that respond to tactile stimuli in the absence of TB, we used Phox2b-Cre; Rosa26LSL−TdTomato reporter mice to selectively label CT fibers with
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44

Chen, M. L., S. S. Liu, G. H. Zhang, Y. Quan, Y. H. Zhan, T. Y. Gu, Y. M. Qin, and S. P. Deng. "Effects of Early Intraoral Acesulfame-K Stimulation to Mice on the Adult's Sweet Preference and the Expression of -Gustducin in Fungiform Papilla." Chemical Senses 38, no. 5 (March 28, 2013): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjt001.

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45

Melis, Melania, Elena Atzori, Stefano Cabras, Andrea Zonza, Carla Calò, Patrizia Muroni, Mariella Nieddu, et al. "The Gustin (CA6) Gene Polymorphism, rs2274333 (A/G), as a Mechanistic Link between PROP Tasting and Fungiform Taste Papilla Density and Maintenance." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2013): e74151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074151.

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46

Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro, Lakshman Samaranayake, Arvind Babu Rajendra Santosh, Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas, Sisca Meida Wati, Retno Pudji Rahayu, Francisco Urbina, et al. "Pigmented Fungiform Papillae (PFP) of the Tongue: A Systematic Review of Current Aetiopathogenesis and Pathophysiology." Pathophysiology 29, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29030043.

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The pigmentation of the fungiform papillae of the tongue is a rare idiopathic condition in which only the fungiform papillae appear hyperpigmented. In the absence of any reviews on the subject, we conducted a systematic review of the aetiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of pigmented fungiform papillae (PFP) of the tongue, including its demographic and histopathological features, trying to outline a possible aetiology. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) was performed using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE databases and manual searches, for publications betwee
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47

Başaran, Efser. "Nazal fungiform papillom." Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology 1, no. 2 (October 25, 2013): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/kbbu.2013.76486.

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48

Béhé, P., J. A. DeSimone, P. Avenet, and B. Lindemann. "Membrane currents in taste cells of the rat fungiform papilla. Evidence for two types of Ca currents and inhibition of K currents by saccharin." Journal of General Physiology 96, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 1061–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.96.5.1061.

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Taste buds were isolated from the fungiform papilla of the rat tongue and the receptor cells (TRCs) were patch clamped. Seals were obtained on the basolateral membrane of 281 TRCs, protruding from the intact taste buds or isolated by micro-dissection. In whole-cell configuration 72% of the cells had a TTX blockable transient Na inward current (mean peak amplitude 0.74 nA). All cells had outward K currents. Their activation was slower than for the Na current and a slow inactivation was also noticeable. The K currents were blocked by tetraethylammonium, Ba, and 4-aminopyridine, and were absent w
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49

Harnischfeger, Fiona, Flynn O’Connell, Michael Weiss, Brandon Axelrod, Andras Hajnal, Krzysztof Czaja, Patricia M. Di Lorenzo, and Robin Dando. "Sprague Dawley Rats Gaining Weight on a High Energy Diet Exhibit Damage to Taste Tissue Even after Return to a Healthy Diet." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093062.

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Many reports detail taste dysfunction in humans and animals with obesity. For example, mice consuming an obesogenic diet for a short period have fewer taste buds than their lean littermates. Further, rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) show blunted electrophysiological responses to taste in the brainstem. Here, we studied the effects of high energy diet (HED)-induced peripheral taste damage in rats, and whether this deficiency could be reversed by returning to a regular chow diet. Separate groups of rats consumed a standard chow diet (Chow), a HED for 10 weeks followed by a return to chow (HE
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50

Stewart, Robert E., Vijay Lyall, George M. Feldman, Gerard L. Heck, and John A. DeSimone. "Acid-induced responses in hamster chorda tympani and intracellular pH tracking by taste receptor cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): C227—C238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.1.c227.

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HCl- and NaCl-induced hamster chorda tympani nerve responses were recorded during voltage clamp of the lingual receptive field. Voltage perturbations did not influence responses to HCl. In contrast, responses to NaCl were decreased by submucosal-positive and increased by submucosal-negative voltage clamp. Responses to HCl were insensitive to the Na+ channel blockers, amiloride and benzamil, and to methylisobutylamiloride (MIA), an Na+/H+exchange blocker. Responses to NaCl were unaffected by MIA but were suppressed by benzamil. Microfluorometric and imaging techniques were used to monitor the r
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