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1
Anderson, Ana Maria. "Perception versus production of contact-induced cantase in Galician Spanish". Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxía 47 (24 de diciembre de 2020): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.47.5896.
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Though the existence of effects of Galician-Castilian contact on patterns of language use in Galicia have been well-documented, the exact scope and consequence of these effects is difficult to determine. This is due in part to the complex attitudes, both positive and negative, toward the Galician language. Because of this, societal reception of influences of Galician on Castilian –such as a heightened use of the verbal morpheme -se– is not easily predictable, even though the form enjoys greater use in Galicia than elsewhere in the Spanish-speaking world. This study explores attitudes of 39 Galicians from the province of Pontevedra toward the production of the ‑se form, as well as how these attitudes impact participants’ production of the form. Results indicate that the Galician-influenced form ‑se is more prestigious than the ‑ra form that is more common outside of Galicia, though whether participants correctly perceive which form is influenced by the minority language is unclear.
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Zimmermann, Peter. "Wpływ języka polskiego na rozwój świadomości narodowej młodzieży galicyjskiej w dobie autonomicznej". Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 24, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2017): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2017.24.1.11.
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After the Austro-Hungarian compromise in 1867 the Galician parliament and provincial administration gained extensive privileges and prerogatives, especially in education. Galicia was the first crownland that had a school council, which was sanctioned already in 1867. After almost a century the ongoing process of Germanization ended as in the following years the majority of German speaking public officials were replaced by Poles and the Polish language became the main administrativ language and the main language of instruction in school. The article describes changes in the school system and shows the role of the Polish language in primary and secondary education during this so-called epoch of Galician autonomy. A comparison of historical documents and memories from schooldays from former Galician school children allows a realistic insight on the role which the Polish language played in the lives of young Galicians. The analysis shows that the Polonisation of the Galician school system effected the development of Polish national consciousness within young Galicians very slowly and not until the beginning of the 20th century.
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Monteagudo, Henrique. "Language Policy in Galicia, 1980-2020. An Overview". Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 23, n.º 1 (8 de marzo de 2024): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/xplm3788.
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Galician is a minority language spoken in Galicia, an autonomous region in northwestern Spain. This paper will provide some basic data on the evolution of the sociolinguistic situation of Galician. It will consider the dynamics of change and revitalisation of the language and will examine the linguistic policies that underpin them. In 1981, the Statute of Autonomy of Galicia was approved, establishing the co-official status of Galician. In 1983, the Galician Parliament passed the Law on the linguistic normalisation of Galicia, which laid the ground for the language policies of successive autonomous governments. After four decades, there are several symptoms that the language policy is inadequate for promoting Galician, based on a non-confrontational model centred on the teaching and learning of Galician and the promotion of its literary and cultural prestige.
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Fernández Rei, Elisa. "Galician and Spanish in Galicia". Prosodic Issues in Language Contact Situations 16, n.º 3 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 438–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00046.fer.
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Abstract The current study analyses the intonation of three types of utterances (broad focus statements, information-seeking yes-no questions and information-seeking wh-questions) in Galician and Spanish, in order to research the effects on the intonation of the prolonged contact between these two languages in Galicia. The main aims are to detect possible hybridisation processes in the intonation of these varieties and determine whether the intonation behaviour is different depending on the language used or on the language profile of the speakers. To that end, this study presents an empirical study which analyses these three types of utterances in Spanish and Galician, produced by 22 informants with different linguistic profiles. The results indicate little variability in the intonation based on the initial and habitual languages of the speakers or the language in which they produce the corpus. However, the existence of some hybrid patterns in wh-questions has been detected. The theoretical implications of these results will be discussed within the framework of hybridisation.
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Bermingham, Nicola y Carme Silva-Domínguez. "Language Ideologies and Linguistic Practices of Transgenerational Return Migrants in Galicia". Languages 9, n.º 6 (21 de mayo de 2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060187.
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This article explores transgenerational return migration to Galicia, Spain, focusing on participants of the Scholarships for Outstanding Youth Abroad (BEME) programme. It examines how descendants of Galician emigrants, primarily grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Galician emigrants to Latin America, engage with the Spanish and Galician languages. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 participants, the article explores participants’ language ideologies regarding Galician as a minoritised language and Spanish as a global language. This article highlights the role of language as a symbolic resource in transgenerational return migration, offering a sociolinguistic perspective to the understanding of this migration phenomenon.
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O'Rourke, Bernadette. "¿Falas galego?: The effects of socio-political change on language attitudes and use in the Galician sociolinguistic context". TEANGA, the Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics 22 (17 de julio de 2019): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35903/teanga.v22i0.156.
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Over the past two decades, much discussion in sociolinguistics and the sociology of language has centred on concerns over the survival prospects of lesser-used or minority languages. The aim of the research being reported on here was to shed light on one such language case --- Galician, spoken in the Autonomous Community of Galicia in the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Of Spain’s officially recognized regional languages, Galician, known to its speakers as ‘galego’, shows greatest numerical strength within its own territorial region. According to census results, an overwhelming majority of the Galician population report an ability to speak the language and sociolinguistic surveys reveal that Galician is the habitual language of over two-thirds of the population. However, despite its apparent strength in numerical terms, as the following pages will show, a closer analysis of the Galician sociolinguistic context highlights a more precarious future for the language.
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Souza, Sweder, Francisco Javier Calvo del Olmo y Karine Marielly Rocha da Cunha. "Plural Approaches as a Tool for Galician Studies at the Brazilian University: Didactic Experiences in the UFPR Letters Course". Education and Linguistics Research 6, n.º 1 (10 de abril de 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v6i1.16826.
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Even today, Galician Studies are (almost) absent in the Brazilian academic landscape. Paradoxical fact, since the role of Galicia and the Galician language are essential for the understanding of the history and the present day of the Portuguese language (Lagares & Monteagudo, 2012). Thus, to minimally fill this gap, we have been working, since 2014, in three optional disciplines where this content is examined in a specific way within the theoretical and methodological framework of the Plural Approaches (Candelier, 2007). The subjects of 30 hours each are: Intercomprehension in Romance Languages; Typology of Romance Languages and Introduction to Galician Language and Culture. The latter addresses the argument in a more tangential way. In this text we describe how work is carried out in the discipline of Introduction to Galician Language and Culture, which can serve as inspiration for other institutions that want to develop similar work.
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Ferreira, Virginia Acuña y Ana Mª Iglesias Álvarez. "The intergenerational reinforcement of Spanish in Galicia (Spain)". European Journal of Language Policy 16, n.º 1 (9 de abril de 2024): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ejlp.2024.5.
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This article presents a case study on family language policies (FLP) in Galicia (official bilingual community of Spain), based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews with three Spanish-speaking parents who live with their partners and children in urban or semi-urban settings where Spanish is the dominant language. The results indicate a FLP model that reinforces the position of this language in the family, in interaction with the environment, since the informants attribute their children’s learning of Galician exclusively to school, even though they see it as insufficient to incorporate this minority language into their everyday linguistic repertoire, both now and in the future. The assumption of this result is revealed to be rooted in the ideologies about languages, since Galician has little or no economic or even symbolic value for these parents and continues to be strongly associated with the rural world, with the elderly or with no education, reproducing a persistent diglossic culture in Galician society. This language micropolicy is interpreted as a mirror of the laissez-faire attitude that has characterised language policies at the macro level in Galicia, as well as a reflection of its shortcomings in achieving true prestige for Galician.
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Pérez Castillejo, Susana y Mónica de la Fuente Iglesias. "Basic Intonation Patterns of Galician Spanish". Languages 9, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2024): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9020057.
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This paper presents an inventory of pitch accents and boundary tones in Galician Spanish (GS), a variety spoken in Northwestern Spain. Research so far has focused on explaining GS intonation features as transfer phenomena from Galician, the vernacular Romance language in the region. Because of this, previous studies have often included Galician L1 speakers, for whom transfer is expected when speaking Spanish L2. However, GS is the single L1 of half the children in Galicia, and it is spoken almost exclusively by about a quarter of Galicians. Our study focuses on this population and investigates the relative frequency and distribution of tonal units in GS when direct transfer from Galician is unlikely. A corpus of 1706 sentences (statements, questions, imperatives, and vocatives in neutral and biased contexts) was obtained from 28 participants through a discourse completion task. Results showed that patterns previously attributed to direct transfer from Galician L1 (for example, upstepped final accents in neutral declaratives or falling contours in unmarked interrogatives) are widespread in GS as L1. Findings also show commonalities with other L1 Spanish varieties, both in Europe (for example, L* L% as the unmarked declarative ending) and America (for example, the L* + H prenuclear accent of Caribbean varieties).
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Shevchenko, Kirill V. "The History and Culture of Galician Rus’ as Viewed by Galician-Russian Enlighteners and National Activists in the 20th Century". Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 58 (1 de agosto de 2020): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-2-349-358.
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The article analyzes the views of the leading Galician-Russian socio-public and cultural activists of the 19th century on the history and culture of Galician Rus. Most Galician-Russian intelligentsia of the 19th century shared the idea of Galician Rusyns being an inseparable and organic part of the triune Russian people consisting of Great Russians, Little Russians and White Russians. Galician Rusyns were considered by Galician-Russian intelligentsia as a kinship branch of Little Russian people. Galician-Russian cultural figures stressed the primordial tradition of cultural and historical unity of all Russian lands as well as the important role of Galicia in common Russian history. Thus, they considered the native of Galicia Metropolitan Peter to be one of the major figures in mutual Russian history as he supported the policy of Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita and played the crucial role in turning Moscow into the church capital of Russian lands in early 14thcentury. Moreover, the Galicians and Little Russians by birth played very important role in developing Russian culture, education and public thought in the period of the 17th –19th centuries. Traditional orientation of Galician-Russian intelligentsia on Russian culture and Russian literary language in the 19th century was strongly opposed by the representatives of the Ukrainian movement, which supported the idea of Galician Rusyns being a part of the Ukrainians, not belonging to Russian nationality. Due to political reasons, Ukrainian movement was widely supported by Austrian and Polish authorities, who used the First World War as a suitable pretext for mass repressions against the representatives of Galician-Russian movement in Galician region.
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de la Fuente Iglesias, Monica y Susana Perez Castillejo. "Phonetic interactions in the bilingual production of Galician and Spanish /e/ and /o/". International Journal of Bilingualism 24, n.º 2 (10 de febrero de 2019): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006919826868.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study investigates the cross-linguistic phonetic interactions in the production of closed mid vowels of Galician-Spanish bilinguals in a semi-urban area in Galicia. The research questions were: (1) Do Galician-Spanish bilinguals produce /e/ and /o/ similarly in their two languages? (2) Does language dominance influence whether these sounds are produced more like Spanish or more like Galician? (3) Do age and gender influence the bilingual production of Galician and Spanish /e/ and /o/? Design/methodology/approach: Thirty Galician-Spanish bilinguals from the western coast of Galicia completed a sociolinguistic questionnaire and two reading tasks in both Galician and Spanish. Data and analysis: 4,728 vowels were acoustically analyzed and submitted to several mixed effect statistical models. Findings/conclusions: Bilinguals in this study produce distinct phonetic categories for their four Galician mid vowels, and additionally have created new phonetic categories to accommodate their L2 (Spanish) vowels, resulting in a more crowded mid-vowel phonetic space. Originality: This is the first study to examine closed mid vowel realizations in both Spanish and Galician by bilinguals who maintain a Galician four mid-vowel contrast, and to investigate their complex L1-L2 phonetic interactions. Significance/implications: This study offers new data to examine how early bilinguals organize their phonetic system(s) through cross-linguistic assimilation and dissimilation.
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Stokolos, Nadiya. "Greek-Catholic and Roman Catholic Relations in the Austro-Hungarian Empire: the Problem of Latinization and Ukrainization". Ukrainian Religious Studies, n.º 16 (5 de diciembre de 2000): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2000.16.1111.
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Although the Greek Catholic Church was not a decisive factor in national self-determination in Galicia, it made a significant contribution to overcoming the crisis of national identity in the nineteenth century. The Eastern rite was one of the most advanced factors that distinguished Greek Catholics from Roman Catholics, Ukrainians from the Poles. Language differences were not so great as to distinguish Galician Ukrainians from Galician Poles. Both languages borrowed so much from one another over centuries that became mutually comprehensible, close, that threatened the Rusyns (Ukrainians) of Galicia not only linguistic, but also ethnic assimilation. At the beginning of the nineteenth century. The most comprehensible thing was the interpretation of the Rusyn (Ukrainian) language of the Galician as a dialect of the Polish. Therefore, in the nineteenth century. an attempt was made to force the Ukrainians to switch to the Latin alphabet.
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O'Rourke, Bernadette y Fernando Ramallo. "Competing ideologies of linguistic authority amongst new speakers in contemporary Galicia". Language in Society 42, n.º 3 (14 de mayo de 2013): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404513000249.
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AbstractWhile in many indigenous minority-language situations traditional native speaker communities are in decline, new speakers are emerging in the context of revitalization policies. Such policies, however, can have unforeseen consequences and lead to tensions between newcomers and existing speakers over questions of ownership, legitimacy, and authenticity. This article examines these tensions in the case of Galician in northwestern Spain, where “new speakers” have emerged in the context of revitalization policies since the 1980s. The subsequent spread of the language outside traditional Galician strongholds and into what were predominantly Spanish spaces complicates the traditional ideology about sociolinguistic authenticity and ownership and raises questions about who are the legitimate speakers of Galician, who has authority, and the potential tensions that such questions generate. To illustrate the tensions and paradoxes thatnewandnativespeakers face in this postrevitalization context, we draw on three discussion groups consisting of sixteen young Galicians. (New speakers, authority, authenticity, minority languages, Galician)*
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Fernández Zas, María. "Specialised discourse in medical research articles". Diacrítica 35, n.º 2 (13 de agosto de 2021): 146–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.622.
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Due to the enormous development of science and technology in recent times, English has become the leading language for conveying specialised knowledge. Conversely, in Galicia, the study of specialised discourse has remained largely unexplored until the very end of the last century, when Galician achieved the status of co-official language within the Spanish State. This article presents an analytical and descriptive approach to the notion of specialised discourse with three objectives. First of all, it attempts to clarify the aforementioned concept, as well as its distinctive features, in order to identify potential differences and similarities in terms of how experts belonging to the English and Galician-speaking worlds understand and use specific-domain languages. Secondly, it aims to conduct a quantitative and qualitative corpus-based comparison of the most relevant morphosyntactic features in English and Galician specialised discourse, with a particular focus on the field of medical writing. Lastly, this article also intends to fill a significant gap in Galician linguistic studies, where research on specific-domain languages remains a pending issue. To attain these objectives, a corpus-based cross-linguistic comparison of English and Galician specialised discourse is carried out based on twenty-four research articles. By means of which, the most representative morphosyntactic characteristics of specialised texts are analysed, interpreted and discussed in depth for both languages. The results reveal that English and Galician domain-specific languages present far more similarities than might be expected at first, the most notable differences being those inherent to the specificity of each linguistic system.
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Sánchez Rei, Xosé Manuel. "The use of syntax of the traditional Galician songbook of the nineteenth century in the cultured variety of modern Galician". Oceánide 16 (10 de febrero de 2024): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37668/oceanide.v16i.124.
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The language of the traditional Galician songbook of the nineteenth century can be characterised as reflecting a popular and colloquial variety of the language, this due to the way in which these anonymous literary texts were generated and transmitted throughout the Modern Age. However, within this markedly popular register fine examples of grammatical constructions and other usages which can be found, while wholly genuine and legitimate in terms of their place in the language, have been relegated to secondary status or indeed have fallen into disuse in Galicia due to the influence of Castilian Spanish, yet continue to be fully current in other countries where Galician-Portuguese is spoken today. This study will explore how the syntax of the songbook can serve to improve and enrich the current linguistic praxis of Galician, especially of its cultured variety. To this end, I will focus on a number of morphosyntactic phenomena that are normally taken to be idiosyncratic of the Galician-Portuguese linguistic system with respect to other Romance languages, including the inflected infinitive, the future subjunctive, the obligatory modal periphrasis ter de + infinitive, and the direct object (DO) with the feature [+ human] without the preposition a. Finally, I will turn our attention to certain verbal constructions with a notably popular flavour which lend the language an accented air of grammatical authenticity.
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Mackenzie, David y Henrique Monteagudo. "GALICIAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE". Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 57, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 1995): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2222-4297-90000751.
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Mackenzie, David y Henrique Monteagudo. "GALICIAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE". Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 58, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 1996): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90000116.
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García, Francisco Dubert, David Mackenzie y Xulio Sousa Fernández. "GALICIAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE". Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 61, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 1999): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90000303.
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MACKENZIE, DAVID y HENRIQUE MONTEAGUDO. "GALICIAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE". Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 56, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 1995): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90003405.
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DAUSSÀ, EVA J. "MINORITY LANGUAGE FAMILIES IN DIASPORA: LANGUAGE TRANSMISSION AMONG CATALANS AND GALICIANS IN NEW YORK CITY". Catalan Review 35, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.35.2.
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Understanding why parents transmit which of the languages they speak, and how they do so, is especially interesting in the case of mixed and migrant families, since typically these parents make especially well thought out linguistic choices. In this article is presented one such case, from the USA, a rich multilingual society yet where, due to the hegemony of English, intergenerational transmission of other languages is oftentimes weak. Through a questionnaire and interviews, this article examines linguistic practices and ideologies in multilingual families residing in New York City, in which one parent was born in Catalonia or in Galicia. Potential languages for transmission are two locally available and globally projected languages, English and Spanish; and Catalan or Galician. Not only are these minoritized languages in their countries of origin, but they also have virtually no presence in the American landscape. The two groups differ in the sociolinguistic situation of their homeland: while governmental campaigns succeeded in restoring Catalan in the public sphere and as a symbol for national identity, parallel campaigns have not been comparably successful for Galician. In our sample, transmission of Catalan is higher than of Galician; and in many cases Catalan is transmitted at the cost of Spanish, but this is never the case for Galician, while English remains constant. A motivational analysis reveals that the determining factor is the distribution of integrative and personal values among the languages and their symbolic role in the construction of identity.
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Pereira, Xerardo. "O galego como parte do sistema lingüístico cultural galego-português ou por que Fernando Venâncio non ten razón?" População e Sociedade 40 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52224/21845263/rev40a7.
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Between the Galician-Portuguese linguistic and cultural continuum there is a lot of institutional noise (Torres Feijó and Samartim, 2018) that needs to be silenced. The noise is understood here as a failure in communication caused by a set of obstacles between Galicia and Portugal, which block the fluidity of the relationship and even prevent it (cf. Quiroga, 2016). Or from a complementary perspective, Galician identity is always called into question in Portugal (García González, 2012; Pazos-Justo, 2016, p. 9). However, as Manuel María said: “If we look at a map of the Iberian Peninsula, we can see that Galicia is part of its Atlantic side. Galicia is, as we say, the head of Portugal” (María, 2010, p. 14). My key argument in this text is that the Galician language and culture are part of the Galician-Portuguese linguistic and cultural system, and I will develop this integrationist culturalist perspective from a critical and dialectical dialogue with Fernando Venâncio’s work entitled “Assim nasceu uma língua”.
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Kirill, Shevchenko. "Russian Empire in Public and Political Discourse of Galician Rus’ in the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Century". Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 2 (27 de mayo de 2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-2-49-59.
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The article analyzes the role and place of the Russian Empire in the Galician-Russian public and cultural activities in the 19th century. Representatives of the Galician-Russian intelligentsia in the 19th century considered Galician and Ugric Rusyns from Austria-Hungary to be part of the common civilizational community consisting of Great Russians, Little Russians and White Russians. Galician-Russian intelligentsia interpreted the formation of the Muscovite Rus and then Russian Empire, the formation of the Russian culture and Russian literary language as the result of the common political and cultural efforts of the representatives of the Great and Little Rus, emphasizing the role of Galician natives in common Russian history. In particular, Galician-Russian enlighteners stressed the importance of activities of the Little Rus native F. Prokopovich, who became the leading ideologist of the reforms of Peter the Great. In the second half of the 19th century Galician-Russian intelligentsia acted as Russian patriots defending the political and cultural interests of the Russian state and culture and criticizing Polish and Ukrainian national movements in Galicia. The Austro-Hungarian administration used the First World War as a suitable pretext for the physical liquidation of the representatives of Galician-Russian movement in Galicia.
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Rodríguez-Vázquez, Rosalía y Paolo Roseano. "L2 rhythm acquisition and rhythmic transfer in Galician learners of English: A pilot study". Loquens 9, n.º 1-2 (9 de junio de 2023): e087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2022.087.
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Languages have been classified with regard to their rhythm into stress-timed, syllable-timed and mora-timed languages. The aim of this pilot study is to verify the existence of rhythmic transfer from a syllable-timed language, Galician (L1), to the English spoken by Galician learners (L2), as well as to determine whether the proficiency level in the L2 may have an effect on the degree of rhythmic transfer observed. Two groups of six Galician learners of English and two groups of six native speakers of Galician and Southern British English were recorded and analyzed. Rhythm metrics (ΔC, %V, ΔV, CrPVI, and VnPVI) were calculated for all four groups so as to have objective measures to compare the rhythm of the source language (Galician), the rhythm of the target language (English), and the rhythm of the learner language at different proficiency levels. The data show that there is rhythmic transfer between Galician and English L2, and that the degree of transfer decreases as the proficiency level in the L2 increases.
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Rodrigues, Louis J. "Rosalía de Castro's Galician poems". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, n.º 1 (22 de septiembre de 2004): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.1.07rod.
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Abstract Two Galician poems (one from each of two collections: Cantares Gallegos and Follas novas) by Spain’s most renowned poetess are examined in this critical essay, which includes translations into English, Spanish and Catalan together with an analysis of both poems and a commentary on each with a discussion of such technicalities as metre, rhyme, imagery, lexis and syntax insofar as they aff ect the end-product in each case. The essay discusses the linguistic features of Galician as a preliminary to the appreciation of the poems, draws attention to Rosalia’s statements on her art and works, and concludes with a review of the pertinent aspects of poetry in translation — its theory and practice. Résumé Deux poèmes galiciens (tires de chacune des deux collections: Cantares Gallegos et Follas novas) de la poétesse la plus célèbre d’Espagne, sont étudiés dans cet essai critique qui comprend des traductions en anglais, en espagnol et en catalan, ainsi qu’une analyse des deux poèmes et un commentaire de chacun, avec une discussion sur certains points techniques comme la metre, le rythme, l’imagerie, le lexique et la syntaxe, dans la mesure ou ils affectent, dans chaque cas, le product fini. L’essai traite des caractéristiques linguistiques du galicien, avant de passer à l’évaluation des poèmes. Il attire l’attention sur les déclarations de Rosalia à propos de son art et de ses oeuvres et conclut en passant en revue les aspects pertinents de la poésie en traduction — sa théorie et sa pratique.
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Anderson, Ana Maria. "Compremos como galegos". Spanish in Context 14, n.º 1 (10 de abril de 2017): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.14.1.02and.
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Abstract This work investigates a place of intersection between advertising and politics in Galicia, namely the series of television spots created by the supermarket chain GADIS under the title Vivamos como galegos. Most studies of this series have focused exclusively on the first spot and have argued that the success of the ad is due primarily to the way it makes Galician identity attractive. While agreeing that this factor is important, the present analysis expands on previous studies by analyzing rhetorical devices in and intertextual relationships between five ads in the series to argue that these spots discursively create an imaginary world in which Galician language and culture are timeless and will not be lost. This ideal characteristic responds to a current concern of Galician society, namely, the decreasing use of the regional language among youth. In creating this Galician world, GADIS discursively paints itself as a defender of all things Galician, which has led it to become “a campaña de maior éxito do momento” (Souto 2008, 199).
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Nandi, Anik. "Parents as stakeholders: Language management in urban Galician homes". Multilingua 37, n.º 2 (26 de marzo de 2018): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0020.
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AbstractMacro-level policy makers, perceived as stakeholders of language management, employ a range of language policy strategies to legitimise hegemonic control over meso- (i.e. family) and micro- (i.e. individual) level language ideologies (Cassels-Johnson 2013). However, language policies of an individual are often difficult to detect because they are implicit, subtle, informal, and often hidden from the public eye, and therefore frequently overlooked by language policy researchers and policy makers. The primary focus of this study is to investigate how individual, as well as collective linguistic practices of Galician parents act as language governmentality (Foucault 1991) measures influencing their children’s language learning. Drawing from multiple ethnographic research tools, including observations, in-depth fieldwork interviews and focus group discussions with parents, this paper demonstrates that in Galicia’s language shift-induced shrinking Galician-speaker pool, pro-Galician parents can play an important role in the language revitalisation process. The goal is also to ascertain whether these parents’ grassroots level interrogation of the dominant Castilian discourse takes the form of bottom-up language policies.
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Baxter, Robert Neal. "Interpreting and minority language planning and policy". Language Problems and Language Planning 37, n.º 3 (15 de noviembre de 2013): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.37.3.02bax.
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With potential applications for other minority languages, this paper discusses the implications of interpreting to and from Galician, starting with an overview of the current sociolinguistic situation, and the interpreting and translation market in Galicia in the light of political changes. After highlighting the similarities and differences between written translation and oral interpretation, the article examines the role played specifically by interpretation as a prestige-raising activity within the framework of language planning. Finally, the paper also discusses interpreting using minority languages as a tool enabling citizens to exercise their linguistic rights to the full.
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Pollán, Celia. "The expression of pragmatic values by means of verbal morphology: A variationist study". Language Variation and Change 13, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 59–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394501131030.
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In this article we identify a variable context in the use of two Galician verb forms (cantei and cantara) and three Spanish verb forms used in Galicia (canté, cantara, and había cantado) with identical modal, temporal, and aspectual values: the simple past indicative. We show that the variation in question is constrained by linguistic factors, specifically pragmatic ones, and that, although the forms cantei and canté are widely preferred, contexts with low discourse focalization favor cantara and había cantado. Finally, we test this hypothesis with data from two language corpora (Galician and Galician Spanish), which are quantified and interpreted with the program VARBRUL 2S.
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Tomé Lourido, Gisela y Bronwen G. Evans. "Sociolinguistic Awareness in Galician Bilinguals: Evidence from an Accent Identification Task". Languages 6, n.º 1 (18 de marzo de 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010053.
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The inclusion of European minority languages in public spaces such as education, administration and the media has led to the emergence of a new profile of speakers, “new speakers”, who typically acquire a minority language through education, but vary in terms of their language experience and use. The present study investigated whether a distinctive variety spoken by Galician new speakers (neofalantes) has emerged in the community and whether listeners’ language background influences accent identification abilities and patterns. Galician-Spanish bilingual listeners completed an accent identification task and were asked to comment on factors influencing their decision. Results demonstrated that all listeners could identify Galician-dominant better than Spanish-dominant bilinguals but could not identify neofalantes. Neofalantes were categorised as both Spanish- and Galician-dominant, supporting the idea that neofalantes have a hybrid variety. This finding suggests that listeners have a gradient representation of language background variation, with Galician-like and Spanish-like accents functioning as anchors and the neofalantes’ accent situated somewhere in the middle. Identification accuracy was similar for all listeners but neofalantes showed heightened sensitivity to the Galician-dominant variety, suggesting that evaluation of sociophonetic features depends on the listener’s language and social background. These findings contribute to our understanding of sociolinguistic awareness in bilingual contexts.
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Melnyk, Roman. "The Concept of “Galicia” in the Discourse of Chwila Newspaper (1919–1939)". Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia 18 (2021): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843925sj.20.005.13873.
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This article proposes a study of the usage of the concept of “Galicia” in the leading Jewish political newspaper of interwar Eastern Galicia (southeastern Poland), the Zionist daily Chwila.The use of “Galicia” is analyzed along with its main concurrent in the public sphere, the term “Małopolska” (Lesser Poland). Each term had its realm of usage, while each was caused by a distinct kind of motivation. “Lesser Poland” dominated the political and common sphere as the name of the former Austrian part of Poland, while “Galicia” was reserved mostly for writing about cultural issues and stereotypes. “Lesser Poland” was supposedly accepted by Galician Zionists as a tool to express their loyalty to the newly restored Polish Republic, while “Galicia” was preserved as an instrument for communication with other Galician Jews abroad and their common Austrian past, as well as an instrument of othering them from the outside. Both terms continued to be used in such a way throughout the entire interwar period.
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Rei, Xosé Manuel Sánchez. "O português popular europeu dos séculos XVI–XIX e a sua importância para o estudo do Galego Médio". Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 43, n.º 2 (17 de septiembre de 2008): 248–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.43.2.05rei.
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This article is centred around the linguistic information supplied by 16th and 18th century Portuguese grammar books, when, using as a basis the Lisbon variety, these works condemn the use of dialect or popular expressions habitually used. Like Galician, the language spoken in the territories lying to the North of the River Miño did not possess grammatical works until the 19th century, and so the information contained in these Portuguese grammars allows us to approach, with a reasonable degree of reliability, certain features of Middle Galician, a period in which the language, in Galicia, was only used at an oral level and was practically non-existent in any educated or written usage.
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Samartim, Roberto. "Subalternity and Linguistic Dispossession: On the Planning of the Galician-Portuguese in the Autonomous Galicia". Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto, n.º 04 (22 de julio de 2022): 69–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ced.2473.
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We start from the centrality attributed in the analysis to the concept of subalternity (Gramsci), and we review the bibliography and the different positions related to the planning of the corpus, the status, and the acquisition of Galician in the autonomous period (1981-2021). After identifying the normative and ideological elements on which subalternity rests in each of these three areas of linguistic planning, we summarize the positions and programmatic proposals of the main groups that participate in the political-linguistic debate in autonomous Galicia. We review the legal-political framework enshrining the «subordinate co-officiality» (Carvalho Calero) and regulating the presence of Galician in compulsory education from the end of the Franco regime until decree 79/2010 currently in force. We synthesize the process of coding Galician in contemporary times in relation to the groups involved, the alleged coding criteria and the results regarding the relationship between Galician, Portuguese and Spanish. We confirm that the socialisation of linguistic and ideological materials subordinated to Spanish (also not referenced in the other Galician-Portuguese norms) means a break with the idea of a central language in the tradition of pre-autonomous Galicianism and minimises the impact of the linguistic interference of Spanish in Galician, at the same time that it does not provide sufficient materials to stop it and reverse it. We conclude that the idea of language and the autonomous legal-political framework enshrine subalternity and explain the progress of the linguistic-cultural interference and substitution process that leads to the linguistic dispossession that threatens the Galician community today.
Received: 30 April 2022Accepted: 20 May 2022
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Regueira, Xosé L. "Galician". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 26, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1996): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300006162.
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Prystash, L. T. "Ukrainian Representation In The Galician Regional Seimas: Legal Status And Powers". Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, n.º 54 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.54.180-189.
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The scientific article deals with the processes related to the historical experience of Ukrainians in the activities of the Galician Regional Seimas as an important stage in the struggle for the formation of civil society structures. The author examines the legal status and powers of Ukrainian deputies in the Galician Regional Sejm; characterizes the list of requirements that were set for ambassadors (the name of the position of deputy) in order to be elected; a list of grounds that made the election impossible; rights and responsibilities of deputies and activities in the Seimas, etc.
Ukrainian ambassadors to the regional Sejm were representatives of the region’s interests. From the very beginning of their activity they affirmed the national identity of Galicians, fought for their socio-economic, national-political and cultural- educational rights, took an active part in the formation of language-educational and electoral legislation, as well as in the activities of national parliamentary institutions. In general, the National Seimas was interpreted as a field of struggle for national equality and, thus, awakened the national consciousness of broad sections of the population.
The creation and activity of the Galician Seimas became an important experience for Ukrainians on the way to forming their own concept of national statehood and an effective place for gaining political experience.
Studying and analyzing the facts from the historical past ofUkraine, it is necessary to make a clear understanding of the aspirations of Ukrainians to create their own independent, conciliar, nationally worthy state with all its attributes. It is the events of the late nineteenth - early twentieth century. in Eastern Galicia and the activities of Ukrainian ambassadors in the Galician Regional Sejm were the key moments in confirming the state-building consciousness of the Ukrainian population of the region and the ability to find a political compromise at the right time.
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LOURIDO, GISELA TOMÉ y BRONWEN G. EVANS. "The effects of language dominance switch in bilinguals: Galician new speakers' speech production and perception". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, n.º 3 (13 de junio de 2018): 637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000603.
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It has long been debated whether speech production and perception remain flexible in adulthood. The current study investigates the effects of language dominance switch in Galician new speakers (neofalantes) who are raised with Spanish as a primary language and learn Galician at an early age in a bilingual environment, but in adolescence, decide to switch to using Galician almost exclusively, for ideological reasons. Results showed that neofalantes pattern with Spanish-dominants in their perception and production of mid-vowel and fricative contrasts, but with Galician-dominants in their realisation of unstressed word-final vowels, a highly salient feature of Galician. These results are taken to suggest that despite early exposure to Galician, high motivation and almost exclusive Galician language use post-switch, there are limitations to what neofalantes can learn in both production and perception, but that the hybrid categories they appear to develop may function as opportunities to mark identity within a particular community.
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Lorenzo-Modia, María Jesús. "The Reception of Galician Performances and (Re)translations of Shakespeare". Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 16, n.º 31 (30 de diciembre de 2017): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mstap-2017-0020.
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This presentation will deal with the reception of performances, translations and retranslations of Shakespeare’s plays into the Galician language. As is well-known, Galician is a Romance language which historically shared a common origin with Portuguese in the Iberian Peninsula, and which had a different evolution due to political reasons, i.e. the independence of Portugal and the recentralization of Spain after a long partition with the so called Catholic monarchs. As a consequence, Galician ceased to be the language of power and culture as it was during the Middle Ages, and was spoken by peasants and the lower classes in private contexts for centuries. With the disappearance of Francoism in the 1970s, the revival of Galician and its use as a language of culture was felt as a key issue by the Galician intelligentsia and by the new autonomous government formed in 1981. In order to increase the number of speakers of the language and to give it cultural respectability, translations and performances of prominent playwrights, and particularly those by Shakespeare were considered instrumental. This article will analyse the use of Shakespeare’s plays as an instrument of gentrification of the Galician language, so that the association with Shakespeare would confer a marginalized language social respectability and prestige.
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Doucet, Montserrat. "El Grupo Bilbao: de grupo ectópico y alógrafo a movimiento literario". Revista de lenguas y literaturas catalana, gallega y vasca 22 (11 de enero de 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rllcgv.vol.22.2017.20851.
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A partir de 1996, comienza a gestarse en Madrid el Grupo Bilbao, formado por escritores en su mayoría poetas que aman la lengua gallega y la utilizan como vehículo literario. Con el tiempo este grupo en origen ectópico y alógrafo crece en número e influencia convirtiéndose en un referente de las letras gallegas fuera de Galicia y pasando a ser un movimiento literario. Trataremos de analizar las circunstancias que posibilitaron tal hecho.From 1996, the Bilbao Group began to take shape in Madrid, formed by writers mostly poets who love the Galician language and use it as a literary vehicle. Over time this group ectopic and alógrafo in origin, grows in number and influence becoming a referent of the Galician letters outside of Galicia and happening to be a literary movement. We will try to analyze the circumstances that made this possible.
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Recalde, Montserrat y Mauro Fernández. "‘The Subversion of Dialects’: Changing Attitudes towards Rural Varieties of Galician". Languages 9, n.º 6 (2 de junio de 2024): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060204.
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The gheada and the seseo are the two pronunciations most stigmatised by the top-down standardising tradition of Galician from the mid-19th century. Social stereotypes of peasantry, ignorance, and vulgarity were built on them. Nowadays, those stereotypes are the basis for indexical pointing. These pronunciations were outlawed from schools in the past. Today, despite having been considered standard by The Royal Galician Academy since 1982, they are almost absent from the classrooms, including those of Galician language and literature. This situation is detrimental to the linguistic capital of its users as compared to that of standard speakers. Nonetheless, since the end of the 20th century, there has been a social resignification of the gheada and seseo, symbolically used to express authenticity, ethnolinguistic adherence, and/or socio-political and cultural resistance. Currently, the emergence of vernacular language ideologies (VLIs) counterbalances the weight of standard language ideologies (SLIs) on these phenomena. This article analyses the linguistic attitudes of a sample of young people towards these two dialectal varieties as opposed to the standard pronunciations. It also identifies the indexical associations of contrasting varieties and their evolution over time. For this purpose, the matched-guise technique in combination with semantic differential scales (SDSs) has been applied. The results show that whereas standard pronunciations index social success, dialectal pronunciations index solidarity. However, while the standard indexical values are very stable, a rise in dialectal ratings is observed over fifteen years, which means an improvement of the attitudes towards them. As in other European minority languages, this phenomenon indicates a process of value levelling of the linguistic varieties and the growing weight of the VLIs in late modernity in Galicia.
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Rodríguez Tembrás, Vanesa. "Two Languages, One Goal: Code-Switching in Doctor–Patient Communication in the Galician Healthcare System". Languages 9, n.º 6 (6 de junio de 2024): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060209.
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This paper examines bilingual communications between family doctors and patients in Galicia (Spain). The study adopts a sociolinguistic and sociopragmatic approach to analyze how language choice and code-switching (CS) impact their interactions. The main objectives are understanding language dynamics within a speech community and identifying factors influencing language use in healthcare, focusing on language alternation, associated with language choice, and language accommodation. The research utilized a twofold dataset. First, a corpus of 586 audio-recorded medical consultations and eight semi-structured interviews with all participating doctors offered real-life linguistic dynamics between doctors and patients. Additionally, a second dataset with 208 questionnaires and 15 semi-structured interviews provided insights into language preferences and attitudes, inside and outside the doctor’s office. The findings indicate that doctors and patients strategically select and switch between Spanish and Galician to achieve communication goals. Approximately half of the consultations are bilingual, either with or without code-switching, showing that language negotiation is key in the Galician healthcare system. The insights gained can inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and language planners in developing strategies to improve communication. The study also provides contextual data for understanding the role of language in shaping social dynamics beyond the healthcare setting.
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Pashin, Sergey S. "The Kutitskies and Vasichinskies in Galicia in the 15th century: on studying noble families of Rusinian origin". Rusin, n.º 67 (2022): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/67/5.
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The article deals with the genealogy of noblemen of Rusinian origin in Galicia, Russian Voivodeship of the Polish Kingdom in the 15th century (the east of Chervonaya (Red) Rus, now Ivano-Frankivsk Region of Ukraine mainly). The author analyses the specificity and flaws of sources on this topic. The high proportion of small landowners of Rusinian origin is emphasized as an important feature of the Galician gentry, which explains why, after the introduction of Polish law (and gentry self-government) in Chervona Rus, the Galician judge and arbitrator were for many years the gentry of Rusinian origin Ignat Kutitsky (1438-1471) and Stibor Vasichinsky (1435-1459). The author studies the history of these two families in the 15th century: their blood ties, landowning, relations with neighbors. Before 1435, their members converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism, but failed to polonize in the second half of the 15th century. The confirmation of the forged act of the Galician-Volhynian Prince Lev to the ancestor of the Vasichinskies by the King in 1550-1558 shows that the polonized descendants of the Galician boyars remembered about their Rusinian roots even in the middle of the 16th century.
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Pashin, S. S. "The Svistelnitskies-Zheliborskies and the Skomrokhskies-Novitskies in Galicia of the 15th century: Different fates of Polish gentry of Rusinian origin". Rusin, n.º 70 (2022): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/70/5.
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The article deals with the genealogy of two wealthy noble families of Rusinian origin in Galicia of Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Polish Kingdom in the 15th century (the east of Galicia, now mainly Ivano-Frankivsk region of Ukraine). The rise of the first family is connected with the land grant of 1385, while the other began to rise when its progenitor assumed the position of the Galician judge in the late 14th – early 15th centuries. The author studied the history of these two families in the 15th century, including family ties, land holdings, relations with neighbours. The Svistelnitskies Zheliborskies continued their history after the 15th century. Several members of this family were Galician Orthodox bishops in the 16th–17th centuries. The family tree of the Skomrokhskies-Novitskies died out in the late 15th century for various reasons. The history of the two families suggests that historians erroneously exaggerated the size of land wealth and the number of Galician boyars in the 13th – 14th centuries and their descendants – Polish gentry of Ruthenian origin. There were no more than a hundred local boyars in the second half of the 14th century. In Galicia of the 15th century, only two families of Rusinian origin can be qualified as large landowners and five or six families – as medium (wealthy) landowners. The vast majority of Rusinian gentry in the 15th century owned one or two small villages or even part of the village.
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Gil-Lacruz, Ana Isabel y Marta Gil-Lacruz. "Mother Tongue and School Failure in Multilingual Country". International Journal of Sociology of Education 1, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2012): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4471/rise.2012.09.
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Spain is a multilingual country where three additional official languages coexist (Catalan, Basque and Galician) with the state language (Spanish). The high costs of translation impose that policy makers are permanent negotiating which percentage of information should be provided in each language. Against this background, the language in the field of education is a controversial topic. In this research we focus on how students´ mother tongue, as an ethnic attribute, determines their school performance. Our results confirm that there is a premium for those students whose mother tongue is Catalan, and that living in those communities where Basque and Galician are spoken, affects also positively the academic performance.
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Alen Garabato, M. Carmen. "'gheada' : un phénomène de variation phonétique, géolinguistique et socioculturelle du galicien". Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, n.º 34-35 (1 de octubre de 2001): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2001.2558.
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«Gheada», a phonetical feature characteristic of certain areas of Galicia, unknown in Castilian and Portuguese, consists of the pronunciation of /g/ ([g], [G]) as [h]. This phonetic innovation, very widespread in western Galicia, has been traditionally stigmatised as a sign of rusticity and lack of culture, thus turning this phenomenon into a sociolinguistic marker. Absent from both formal speech and the media, and restricted to lower and working classes, «gheada» has been frequently used to typify some people (with a ridiculous or even grotesque look) who try to renounce to their mother tongue (Galician) in favour of the prestigious language (Castilian). Seventeen yeers after the passing of the Law of Linguistic Normalization (1983), «gheada» is «in fashion»: a change in representations is taking place little by little , with advances and regressions. This is evident from its non-stigmatised presence in a popular Galician television series as well as from its proud use by many local bands taking part in the «Rock Bravú» movement.
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Faingold, Eduardo D. "Language rights in the 2004 draft of the European Union Constitution". Language Problems and Language Planning 31, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2007): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.31.1.03fai.
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The 2004 draft of the EU Constitution contains legal language defining the linguistic obligations of the EU and the language rights of its citizens, but the draft fails to achieve language justice for EU citizens who speak regional minority languages. These minority languages include Catalan, Basque, and Galician in Spain, Welsh in the UK, and others.
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Martínez Lema, Paulo. "O Cartulário de Fiães enquanto corpus toponímico: acerca de alguns nomes de lugar na fronteira galego-portuguesa". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2018): 487–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0029.
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AbstractThe chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly back to the 12th century which concerns the process of constitution of the land patrimony of the Benedictine abbey located on the Galician-Portuguese border. This documentary source offers several interesting aspects for linguistic research. In particular, it is worth highlighting the fact that this source contains some of the earliest records (or even, in some cases, the only ones) available for the analysis of a significant number of place-names in the extensive geographic area (the Portuguese Minho land as well as the southern and southwestern regions of Galicia) in which the monastery had a greater number of properties. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this line of research, by collecting the records in the chartulary for a micro-corpus of four place-names (one being Portuguese and three Galician) and by using them to identify both their etymon and their formal and semantic evolution. Moreover, we will establish, when necessary, their possible relations with other toponymic items, finally analyzing certain dynamics and phenomena (essentially phonetic ones). Their research interest stems from their relatively rare nature in the context of Galician-Portuguese toponymy.
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Sánchez Rei, Xosé Manuel. "Teaching L2 Galician through the traditional songbooks: The case of the direct object [+human] with the preposition a". Glottodidactica 50, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2023): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2023.50.2.5.
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Explaining the grammatical structures that characterize the Galician language system to university students of L2 Galician involves certain difficulties, both in terms of contact with Spanish and due to its nature as an L2 language. It must be noted that such learners’ L1 is mostly Spanish, French, English or Italian. We propose in this paper an activity in which students engage in a process of practical reflection on real examples of the language. The activity will focus in par-ticular on the absence of the preposition a with the direct object (DO), i.e., Nós saudamos o teu amigo (“We greet your friend”), using for this purpose a corpus of traditional Galician popular songs, and following the recommendations of the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) model. Within this theoretical and practical approach students will also acquire knowledge of Galician culture and history, through information found in the anonymous poetry of the songbook itself.
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Maiorov, Alexander V. "The Cult of St. Daniel the Stylite Among the Russian Princes of the Rurik Dynasty". Slavic and East European Journal 59, n.º 3 (2015): 345–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30851/59.3.001.
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The influence of Grand Princess Euphrosyne (second wife of Prince Roman Mstislavovitch) explains the appearance among the Galician-Volhynian princes of Christian names which were unusual and unique for the Rurikides. This is the name Daniel, which was later included into the name list of the Moscow princes. This name spread among the princes due to the expansion of the cult of St Daniel the Stylite and the rising interest in the attributes of Stylitism. This can be seen in sphragistics and in the numerous architectural monuments of Galician-Volhynian Rus' of the 13th–early 14th century. Thanks to the family links between the Galician-Volhynian and the Vladimir-Suzdal princes, this cult spread in the North-Eastern Rus' and later to Moscow. The fact that Euphrosyne of Galicia was the daughter of Basileus Isaak II explains the unexpected rise of interest in Stylitism among the princes of Rus' and their milieu. According to Niketas Choniates, Emperor Isaak II especially sympathized with the Stylites and the ascetics and patronized them. Thus he astonished his contemporaries, since the Stylites had lost the influence over the emperors that they had exerted at the time of iconoclasm. The Byzantine hagiography concerning Sts. Daniel the Stylite and Leo the Great Tsar explains the connection between the names of Daniel and Leo among the descendants of Roman Mstislavich. Daniel the Stylite was the spiritual father and the main adviser of Emperor Leo I. Apparently this relationship was reflected in the names of the father and the son, the Galician-Volhynian princes Daniel Romanovich and Lev Danilovich.
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Millán-Varela, Carmen. "Translation, Normalisation and Identity in Galicia(n)". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2000): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.12.2.05mil.
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Abstract This article approaches the role and position of literary translation in the Galician context during the 20th century. The socio-linguistic situation of the native language, Galego (Galician), and the asymmetrical relations of power with respect to Castilian have been shaping and determining the dynamics of translation, and, to a certain extent, Galician cultural life in general. Translation therefore appears as a crucial and ambiguous activity, both contributing to the process of linguistic and cultural normalisation but also revealing the lingering weakness of the target language. Translation therefore becomes a powerful mirror on which to contemplate pressing domestic debates on language and identity.
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Merzlikina, O. V. "The Image of a Dog in the Galician Ethnophraseology". NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 22, n.º 1 (28 de junio de 2024): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2024-22-1-145-155.
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The article examines dog idioms of the Galician language from a cultural-semiotic perspective. The analysis is based on 150 idioms. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the metaphorical image of a dog in Galician phraseology and to analyze its symbolic meanings in the Galician language worldview. A symbolic meaning of this or that word is based on the social role importance of the object or phenomenon designated by this word in a certain ethnic culture. Idiomatic symbolism represents ethnopsychological characteristics of a native speaker and demonstrates the influence of the language on shaping the people’s mentality. The analyzed zoonym manifests various types of symbolism. The metaphorization of the zoonym “dog” is based both on the behavioral characteristics of the animal and on a person’s attitude to it. In the phraseological corpus of the Galician language, the animal possesses a contradictory dual characteristic, mainly negative. It has been revealed that the image of a dog in the Galician worldview is that of a loyal and devoted friend, having intelligence and experience. However, the image of a dog in proverbs, sayings, and figurative comparisons seems to convey the worst features: it is angry, aggressive, insatiable, lazy; besides, a dog’s life is hard and poor.
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Bermingham, Nicola. "Language Ideologies and Transnational Migration: A Study of Cape Verdeans in Galicia". Languages 6, n.º 2 (25 de mayo de 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020099.
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Changes to the global infrastructure have contributed to the growing (linguistic) diversity of large metropolises. However, there have been calls from scholars to explore “emerging superdiversity” (DePalma and Pérez-Caramés 2018) in peripheral regions in order to fully understand the complexities and nuances of the sociolinguistics of globalisation (Wang et al. 2014; Pietikäinen et al. 2016). This article, therefore, explores language ideologies among a purposive sample of five young adults of Cape Verdean origin living in the peripheral region of Galicia, Spain, and draws on interview data to examine the ways in which multilingual migrants engage with the language varieties in their linguistic repertoire. In studying immigration from a former African colony to a bilingual European context, we can see how language ideologies from the migrant community are reflected in local ones. The sociolinguistic dynamics of Cape Verde and Galicia share many similarities: both contexts are officially bilingual (Galician and Spanish in Galicia, Kriolu and Portuguese in Cape Verde), and questions regarding the hierarchisation of languages remain pertinent in both cases. The ideologies about the value and prestige of (minority) languages that Cape Verdean migrants arrive with are thus accommodated by local linguistic ideologies in Galicia, a region which has a history of linguistic minoritisation. This has important implications for the ways in which language, as a symbolic resource, is mobilised by migrants in contexts of transnational migration. The findings of this study show how migrants are key actors in (re)shaping the linguistic dynamics of their host society and how, through their practices and discourses, they challenge long-standing assumptions about language, identity and linguistic legitimacy, and call into question ethno-linguistic boundaries.