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1
Horáková, Lenka. "Hotel garni". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392080.
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The diploma thesis deals with a project of a new building, Garni hotel in the municipality of Pacov. The object is made up of three ground floors. The first floor contains a restaurant with limited board possibilities, restaurant facilities, a manager’s office, staff facilities and a technical area of the building. Conference rooms with facilities and hotel rooms can be found on the second floor. There is one four-bed room, three double rooms (one of them is designed for disabled people) and two single rooms on this floor. One four-bed room, three double rooms and three single rooms are located on the third floor. The building is created with a masonry structural system and is roofed with a warm flat roof with a typical sequence of layers. A green roof is used above a part of the building.
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Kovář, Kamil. "Hotel Garni". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225742.
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Project documentation of garni hotel with wellness service of one basement and three floors from reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton, filled with masonry POROTHERM, horizontal structures prefabricated panels HELUZ, roofed by single-layers flat roof and sloping roof with wooden eaves and metal roofing.
3
Liu, X. Q. (Xingquan). "Differentiation of garlic viruses". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63286.
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Malungane, Molebatsi Mlungisi Florah. "Effect of crude extracts of tulbaghia violacea (wild garlic) on growth of tomato and supression of meloidogyne species". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1394.
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Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014The management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has become a challenging task in tomato (Solanum lycorpesicum) production, due to the withdrawal of effective chemical nematicides. Currently, crude extracts of different plant species are being researched as alternative to chemical nematicides, with promising results. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crude extracts of wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea) on the growth of tomato under greenhouse conditions, and the suppression of M. incognita race 2 population densities. Treatments consisted of four levels of crude extracts viz. 0, 2, 4 and 8 g per pot, were arranged in a randomised complete block design with 10 replicates. Seedlings were inoculated with 1000 juveniles of M. incognita race 2 at transplanting and treated with crude extracts two days later. At 56 days, the crude extract of T. violacea increased plant height, stem diameter, number of cluster, flowers, fruits and leaves by 43-73%, 108-200%, 57-81%, 55-110%, 170-223% and 51-66%, respectively. It also increased the root mass and shoot mass by 95% and 96%, respectively. Crude extracts of T. violacea did not have any effect on soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Crude extracts of T. violacea consistently reduced population densities of M. incognita race 2 by 50, 64 and 73% in roots at 2, 4 and 8 g crude extracts, respectively and by 21, 30 and 58% in soil at similar levels, respectively. In conclusion, crude extracts of T. violacea have the potential to improve growth of tomato plants and suppress population densities of M. incognita race 2 and could be used as botanical nematicide in tomato production.
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Apawu, Aaron Kwaku. "Reversed-Phase HPLC Determination of Alliin in Diverse Varieties of Fresh Garlic and Commercial Garlic Products". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1803.
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Alliin is a predominant flavor precursor in garlic cloves. It interacts with the enzyme alliinase when garlic cloves are crushed, cut, or chewed to produce allicin, an unstable thiosulfinate that is the main biologically active component of fresh crushed garlic. Biological functions and health benefits of garlic include reduction of cancer risk in humans, improving immune system, and anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-hypertensive activities. The quality of fresh garlic and garlic products is usually related to its alliin content and allicin release potential. This research presents a simple, rapid, and precise HPLC method for alliin determination. It involves the use of 30:70% methanol: water and 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate mobile phase composition, C18 5 μm disc column of size 3.9 x 150 μm, and detector set at 210 nm. The method showed good reproducibility with 0.56%-4.11% relative standard deviations, a linear response of peak area to alliin concentration of 0.4 ng/mL-80 ng/mL, and average recovery of 93.5%-101%. Determination of alliin in eight garlic samples indicated the highest amount in garlic tablet that was expected. The method presented is economical and efficient and can be used in alliin determination. The method gave a satisfactory chromatograms with methanol-hydrochloric acid extract but not with hot water extract.
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Palčiauskienė, Rita. "UAB "Gardi duona" investicinės veiklos pagrindimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_162614-01763.
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Magistro darbe yra suformuluojama teisingai pasirinktų alternatyviųjų investicijų strategija ir jos veiklos pagristumas, išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai investicijų vertinimo metodai, pateikti atskirų metodų privalumai ir trūkumai vertinant investicijų pagrindimą, išanalizuota valstybės politika investavimo klausimais ir teisinio šios sferos reguliavimo padėtis. Pateiktas UAB “GARDI DUONA” planuojamų investicijų atsipirkimo periodas, kai vykdomos investicijos. Pasirinktos šios alternatyvos: pastato ar patalpų pirkimas, pastato statyba, pastato ar patalpų nuoma. Investicijų pasirinktų alternatyvų efektyvumas vertinamas pagal dažniausiai naudojamus jautrumo analizės investicijų efektyvumo vertinimo metodus: grynąj�� dabartinę vertę (NPV), atsipirkimo periodą (Nok), vidinę grąžos normą (IRR), modifikuotą vidinę grąžos normą (MIRR) ir rentabilumą (U). Atlikus metodų analizę patvirtinama autorės suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad įmonėje priimamus sprendimus dėl investicijų pagrįstumo sąlygoja ne pavieniai rodikliai, o skaičiuojamų rodiklių nuoseklumas ir tarpusavio sąveika.In this thesis work the proper chosen alternative investment strategy and its business substantiation are formulated, analysed and systemized theoretical investment methods of various authors of Lithuania and abroad, submitted advantages and disadvantages of separate methods by evaluating substantiation of investment; analysed the position of government politics under investment questions and legal regulation. In this work also is analysed the planned investments’ payback period of GARDI DUONA, UAB when investments are made and they are not. These alternatives are chosen: purchasing of building or accommodation, rent of building or accommodation. The effectiveness of chosen alternatives of investment is evaluating according to commonly used effectiveness evaluation methods of sensitivity analysis investment: NVP, Nok, IRR, MIRR and U.
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Smith, Nicola Jane. "Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism by garlic". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247381.
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Skyrme, David Andrew. "An investigation into the anti-microbial activity of Allium sativum". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244224.
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Ross, Zara M. "Modes of action of antimicrobial garlic derivatives". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88279.
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Amjad, Muhammad. "Seed irradiation in relation to moisture content". Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281596.
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Meškauskienė, Renata. "Ar įmonė gali būti hipotekos objektu?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080807_154052-76562.
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Šiuolaikinėje teisėje hipoteka apibūdinama, kaip esamo ar būsimo skolinio įsipareigojimo įvykdymą užtikrinantis nekilnojamojo daikto įkeitimas, kai įkeisto daikto savininkui paliekama nuosavybės teisė. Vienas iš specifinių hipotekos skirtumų nuo kitų prievolių įvykdymo užtikrinimo būdų yra tai, kad hipotekos objektu gali būti tik nekilnojamieji daiktai. Daiktai, esantys savarankiškais civilinių teisinių santykių objektais ir dalyvaujantys civilinėje apyvartoje. Pagal įstatymą, įmonė taip pat yra pripažįstama civilinių teisinių santykių objektu. Ji yra laikoma nekilnojamuoju daiktu. Vadinasi galime preziumuoti, kad skolininkas norėdamas užtikrinti savo prievolės įvykdymą, galėtų tai padaryti, įkeisdamas jam priklausančią įmonę. Tačiau ar teisė „leidžia“ tą daryti? Ar įmonė gali būti hipotekos objektu? Į šiuos svarbius ir aktualius klausimus, remiantis Lietuvos bei kitų valstybių „įmonės“ sąvoką reglamentuojančiomis teisės normomis, teisinėje literatūroje išdėstytomis mokslininkų nuomonėmis bei taikoma teisine praktika bandyta atsakyti šiame darbe.In modern time law a mortgage is defined as an existing and prospective note of obligatory performance warranted by mortgaging of an immovable asset, when an owner of the mortgaged asset keeps ownership to it. One of the specific distinctions of the mortgage from the other patterns of the obligations is that the object of the mortgage can be only immovable assets that are separate objects of civil rights and freely participates in civil circulation. In conformity with legal acts of Lithuania an enterprise as well is admitted as the subject of civil rights. It is considered as immovable asset. Thus we can presume, that the debtor wished to secure the performance of his obligation, could successfully do that, mortgaging the enterprise as his possession. However is that so is tolerated by the law? Whether enterprise can be treated as the object of the mortgage? This is the legal issue pending in this research work.
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Mudziwa, Nyengedzeni. "Yield and quality responses of Egyptian white garlic (Allium sativum L.) and wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea Harv.) to nitrogen nutrition". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28945.
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Allium sativum and Tulbaghia violacea are some of the most important medicinal plants used by South African traditional healers for the treatment of flu, fever, cold, tuberculosis, asthma and many more diseases. However, growth, yield and quality are constrained by excessive and under fertilization. This study was carried out to determine, firstly, the effect of N source (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) on yield and quality of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Secondly, to determine the best season for harvesting T. violacea and lastly, to determine the antifungal effects of A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts against plant pathogens Altenaria solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Both plants were treated with both N sources applied as topdressing treatments at a total of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1, divided into three applications at three week (A. sativum) and three month (T. violacea) intervals. A. sativum plants were sampled at 54, 82, 112, 140 and 175 days after planting (DAP) while, T. violacea plants were sampled monthly for ten months. Parameters recorded were growth analysis, yield and bioactivity for both plant species. Both nitrogen sources improved plant growth and yield of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Calcium nitrate at 150 kg•ha-1 and ammonium sulphate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest at 24 t•ha-1 and 27 t•ha-1, respectively. Ammonium sulphate improved bioactivity of leaves with the highest bioactivity recorded at 82 and 112 DAP. Yield obtained from the autumn harvest was not affected by N source. Ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest yields of 23.6 t•ha-1 and 23.5 t•ha-1, respectively. In contrast, yield obtained from the winter harvest was affected by N source at 200 kg•ha-1, with significantly better yield of 30.8 t•ha-1 with calcium nitrate compared to 27.4 t•ha-1 with ammonium sulphate. Crude extracts of T. violacea bulbs that were treated with ammonium sulphate significantly inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, whereas extracts from plants treated with calcium nitrate showed low bioactivity. Extracts from plants grown with ammonium sulphate at 100 kg•ha-1 were more effective in controlling growth of plant pathogens when compared to other N levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects of A. sativum against S. rolfsii and A. solani were at 0.01 mg•mL-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts against A. solani was at 0.006 mg•mL-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts were better than previously reported in literature. Therefore, A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts can be used as fungicides against S. rolfsii and A. solani diseases for crops such as tomato and potato.Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
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Murwira, Epifania. "Contract farming in Zimbabwe : the Mutasa garlic project". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95627.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Contract farming is being given renewed attention on the African continent in the wake of reduced public expenditure for credit programmes. Many African countries have recognised the potential of contract farming in linking farmers to viable markets and stimulating agricultural production in the face of globalisation. In Zimbabwe prior to 1998, smallholder farmers were poorly integrated in the cash economy and had extremely low incomes, largely due to poor access to productivity-enhancing inputs. Small-scale farmers were marginalised as the economy focused on the larger commercial farms. Currently, mainstream banks have been unable to provide funding due to their own capital inadequacy and the view that smallholder farming is a risky and unprofitable sector. There is also a shift in roles as the government moves from direct participation in agricultural production and marketing towards facilitation, legislation and enforcement. The private sector is now participating more actively in the agricultural sector, providing credit to smallholder farmers. This research seeks to better understand the partnership between private and public sector players in Zimbabwe’s agricultural credit programmes, through a study of Leo Marketing and the Zimbabwe Agricultural Market Development initiative called the Agricultural Input Supply Programme (AISP). In this research, the Mutasa Garlic Project, implemented by the AISP, has been analysed to achieve the objective. One hundred smallholder farmers have been contracted to commercially produce garlic in the Mutasa district. Using a sample of 20 farmers, the study examined how this financing model contributes to improved access to productivity-enhancing inputs, viable markets and technical expertise for the farmers. The analysis indicates that farmers have access to inputs but the model still needs improvement in distributing them efficiently to ensure that all farmers have their inputs in time for the planting season. Marketing and extension services in the project are operating well. The study reveals that there is potential for growth in the number of farmers contracted to the programme. As the contracting model continues to improve, the same model can be used for similar projects in surrounding districts.
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Leuppi, Heidi. "Casuum Sancti Galli continuatio anonyma : Textedition und Übersetzung /". Zürich : H. Leuppi, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36625860x.
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Lemar, Katey M. "Cell death in the human pathogen Candida albicans : effects of garlic (Allium sativum), and garlic constituents allyl alcohol and diallyl disulphide". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54550/.
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Garlic extract is very complex, yielding a number of organic sulphur constituents that are thought to be responsible for its anticandidal properties. Many of these are now being investigated in an attempt to determine the mechanisms by which they act. The effects of fresh and freeze dried extracts of
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Ciola, Victoria Lyn. "DISTRIBUTION AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF ERYSIPHE CRUCIFERARUM (POWDERY MILDEW) ATTACKING ALLIARIA PETIOLATA (GARLIC MUSTARD), IN SOUTHWESTERN OHIO". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1247167400.
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Smith, Wendell Patrick. "Knight to queen : defense of gynocracy in the prose of Garcí Rodríguez de Montalvo /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004378.
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Neiberka, Povilas. "Ar individuali įmonė gali turėti kelis savininkus?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080808_100700-58632.
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Santuokos sudarymu sukuriami šeimos teisiniai santykiai: vyras ir moteris įgyja specifinį teisinį statusą – tampa sutuoktiniais, o kartu perima asmenines neturtines ir turtines teises ir pareigas. Sutuoktinius, įgyvendinant turto valdymo, naudojimosi ir disponavimo teises, sieja glaudūs tarpusavio priklausomybės, artimi santykiai, kurie iš esmės sudaro jų teisinių santykių turinį. Santuoką sudariusių asmenų turtinių santykių aiškumas tampa ypač aktualiu klausimu užtikrinant bei apsaugant tiek pačių sutuoktinių, tiek trečiųjų asmenų interesus, kadangi, nesudarius vedybų sutarties, bet koks susituokus įgytas turtas tampa bendrąja jungtine nuosavybe. Sutuoktinių nuosavybės teisės į individualią įmonę , kaip turtinį kompleksą, ją įkūrus po santuokos sudarymo, ir yra šio darbo objektas. Viena kylančių problemų susijusi su neapibrėžtumu, tarpusavyje lyginant Lietuvos Respublikos Civiliniame kodekse ir LR Individualių įmonių įstatyme įtvirtintas normas: remiantis CK formulavimu, santuokos metu įsteigta įmonė priskirtina bendrajai jungtinei nuosavybei, tuo tarpu IĮ įstatyme reglamentuojama, kad IĮ steigėju ir savininku gali būti tik vienas fizinis asmuo, šiuo atveju – vienas iš sutuoktinių. Šio darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti, ar IĮ gali turėti kelis savininkus.Family relations are established by conjugnality of a man and a woman: they come into position of a husbant and a wife and obtains personal property and non-property rights and interests. Wedded persons are bond by close interdependence ties that make the essence of their legal relations. The clarity of property relations of wedded persons is very important to secure and protect not only their, but also the interests of third parties, i. e. creditors, because in the absence of wedding contract, property acquired during the marriage is automatically presumed to be owned jointly by both spouses. The ownership of a company organized as a sole proprietorship that is established by one of the spouses while being in marriage is the object of this work. The problem of interdetermination arises while seeking to determine the ownership rights of spouses to a SP: Lithuania‘s Civil Code sets the rule that company established during the marriage is presumed to be an object of community property, whereas the Statute of Sole Proprietorships‘ allows a company organized as SP to be owned by a single person, in this instance – one of the spouses. The issue of this work is to analyse if a company organized as SP may have a few owners.
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Sajienė, Toma. "Ar programinė įranga gali būti patento objektu?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080808_152733-72418.
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Šiuo metu moderni visuomenė pergyvena transformaciją į žinių visuomenę, kurios kūrimui svarbus inovacijų skatinimas, kūrybinio potencialo plėtojimas, intelektinės nuosavybės teisinės apsaugos tobulinimas. Žinių visuomenėje labai svarbus vaidmuo tenka kompiuterių programoms, todėl jų apsaugai būtina skirti itin daug dėmesio, siekiant užtikrinti deramą teisių turėtojų ir visuomenės interesų balansą. Svarbu suvokti, kad programinė įranga mus supa visur ir nuolat, ji yra daugelio gaminių dalis.
Programinės įrangos teisinė apsauga yra kontroversiška, iki šiol nėra aišku, kokią intelektinės nuosavybės apsaugos formą tikslingiausia taikyti. Paprastai sukurta programinė įranga saugoma autorių teisių normomis, tačiau kai kuriose valstybėse papildomai gali būti taikoma patentinė apsauga. Vykstant globalizacijos procesams, kai intelektinė nuosavybė saugoma ne tik nacionaliniu, bet ir tarptautiniu lygmeniu, toks teisinis neapibrėžtumas daro neigiamą įtaką kompiuterių programų kūrėjams, o taip pat ir mums, vartotojams, todėl būtina nustatyti aiškius kriterijus, apsprendžiančius kompiuterių programų teisinę apsaugą. Svarbu, kad patentas jo savininkui suteikia bene didžiausias teises ir garantijas, todėl būtina nustatyti, ar tokia teisinė apsauga galima.
Lietuvoje, Europos Sąjungoje, Japonijoje ir JAV programinės įrangos patentabilumo klausimas sprendžiamas skirtingai, tačiau šiose valstybėse kompiuterių programos, atitinkančios patentabilumo kriterijus, gali būti apsaugotos patentais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Computer software is a part of almost every area of everyone’s life. Computers are getting more and more advanced every day. Global computer software piracy has become an enormous problem as the computer software industry has grown at an increasing pace over the last decade. Therefore, a very topical issue in intellectual property law has been and still is the best form of software protection. Patent is very desirable for the software creators as the given monopoly for their work gives an assurance that authors will benefit from their work. There are two typical legal regimes under which computer software might be protected: copyrights and patents. Patent protection requires disclosure of the invention to the public. In return, the holder of the patent receives a twenty–year monopoly which effectively prevents others from making, using or selling the invention without the authorization from the patentee. Copyright does not protect idea behind an expression, but just that particular expression of the idea. As a result, copyright allows the copyright owner no rights against persons who independently create similar or identical subject matter. Moreover, it does not forbid reverse engineering. The basic requirements of patentability are novelty, non-obviousness and utility. However, the standard for software patentability varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The United States were the first to formally recognize the patentability of software in 1981. In Europe computer... [to full text]
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Aleksaitytė, Eglė. "Ar teismas gali įpareigoti šalis sudaryti sutartį?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100611_145051-19839.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas klausimas – ar teismas gali įpareigoti šalis sudaryti sutartį? Lietuvos teisės doktrinoje tai mažai nagrinėtas klausimas dažniausiai apsiribojama, tokios teismų teisės konstatavimu ir toliau nesigilinama į detales, trūksta konkrečiai apibrėžtos sistemizuotos šio klausimo analizės, tad darbo tikslas ir būtų – išanalizuoti teismo galimybę įpareigoti šalis sudaryti sutartį.
Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. Pirmoje dalyje pateikiama sutarčių laisvės principo samprata, bei jo ribojimo galimybės. Vienas iš grieščiausių šio principo ribojimų - teismui suteikta teisė įpareigoti šalis sudaryti sutartį. Toks ribojimas įstatymų pagrindu galimas tik esant įstatymo imperatyvioms nuostatoms įtvirtinančioms tokią teisę ir kai pati šalis įsipareigoja sudaryti sutartį. Teisės doktrina išskiria dar vieną sutarčių laisvės principo ribojimo aplinkybę – sąžiningumo principo pažeidimas nesudarius sutarties.
Antroje pagrindinėje darbo dalyje ir yra nagrinėjama teismo galimybė įpareigoti šalis sudaryti sutartį šių trijų aplinkybių kontekste. Aplinkybė, pačios šalies įsipareigojimas sudaryti sutartį (preliminariosios sutarties sudarymas), nors ir yra įtvirtinama įstatyme kaip veiksnys ribojantis sutarčių laisvės principą, tačiau teismas negali įpareigoti šalių sudaryti jokios preliminariosios sutarties, nes ši prarastų savo paskirtį. Esant įstatymui numatančiam teismui galimybę įpareigoti šalis sudaryti sutartį, teismas beabejo ir turi šią teisę... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The issue is analyzed in the master’s thesis whether the court can obligate the parties to conclude the contract. It is a kind of issue which has been hardly analyzed in the juridical doctrine of Lithuania; it is mostly restricted to stating such a right of the courts and it is not gone into further details; there is a lack of certainly defined systemized analysis of this issue; therefore the purpose of this thesis would be to analyze a possibility of the court to obligate the parties to conclude the contract. The work consists of three main parts. In the first part, the concept of the contract freedom principle and possibilities of its limitation are presented. One of the strictest limitations of this principle is a right given to the court to obligate the parties to conclude the contract. This limitation on a basis of the laws is only possible in case of imperative regulations of the law which consolidate this right and in case the party itself obligates to conclude the contract. The juridical doctrine distinguishes one more circumstance of limiting the contract freedom principle – infringement of the honesty principle without concluding the contract. In case the court obligates the parties to conclude the contract, it is both important to follow the balance principle of the parties’ interests and reasonably intervene in the contractual relations, as otherwise the state can have tortuous responsibility because of harm done to the people by illegal actions of the courts in... [to full text]
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Cottrell, Simon. "Investigation into the antibacterial effects of Allium sativum (garlic)". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55536/.
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This study set out to compare and contrast the antimicrobial effects of freeze-dried garlic powder against the commonly occurring pathogens specifically Escherichia coli, and the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei. Also to identify possible active components and sites of action of garlic, and study the reactive nature of allicin. Freeze dried garlic proved more inhibitory to E. coli than L. casei (24 h MIC values of 1.9 mg ml-1 and 16.9 mg ml-1 respectively) This was manifested against E. coli as a dose-dependent extension in lag phase (no effect on specific growth rate (SGR)). Inhibitory effects of garlic powder extract against L. casei were manifested as a dose- dependent decrease in specific growth rate. No bacteriocidal activity was observed on treatment of E. coli cultures with garlic concentrations of 20 mg ml-1 or less over 24 hours. Bacteriocidal activity was seen against E. coli when using concentrations in excess of 20 mg ml-1 over 48 h and 72 h. Garlic powder extract proved inhibitory to MRS A strains (EMRSA 15), and displayed synergism with penicillin and methicillin. GC-MS analysis proved garlic powder extract to be a dynamic mixture of sulphur containing compounds, including allicin and allicin reaction products. Half-life of allicin in nutrient broth (37° C) was approximately 11 h, this was reduced to 30 min on addition of E. coli cells. The inhibitory effect of allicin was observed as a dose-dependent increase in lag phase (no effect on SGR). Inhibitory activity of diallyl sulphides was observed as a dose-dependent decrease in SGR and small extensions in lag phase duration. Allyl alcohol brought about a substantial decrease in SGR and culture density at 24 h (concentration independent). Garlic powder extract caused membrane damage and abnormal morphology in E. coli (<2.0 mg ml-1) and L. casei (>10 mg ml-1). A reduction in glucose metabolism was observed in E. coli and L. casei on addition of garlic, also ethanol production and oxygen uptake were stimulated in E. coli cultures. This investigation has highlighted differences in the nature of garlic powder extract inhibition in a susceptible and non-susceptible organism, and identified possible mechanisms of action against E. coli to be cell structure damage, oxidative damage, and metabolic inhibition.
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Dillon, Stephanie Ann. "Aged garlic extract as an antioxidant in cardiovascular disease". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4922/.
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Morsch, Inacio Benvegnu. "Pós-processador de verificação estrutural para o sistema GAELI". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170735.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é implementar procedimentos de verificação de estruturas ou peças metálicas de forma qualquer. Os procedimentos de verificação foram implementados no pós-processador do sistema GAELI em desenvolvimento no CPGEC da UFRGS. Os procedimentos de verificação implementados por este trabalho são os de verificação da tensão limite, verificação de elementos de barra com seções de chapa dobrada de pequena espessura (perfis finos) pela norma CAN S136-M84, verificação de tubulações industriais petroquímicas pela norma ANSI 831.3 e verificação de estruturas à fadiga considerando cargas de efeito quase estático. Uma das vantagens destas implementações refere-se ao fato de que uma estrutura pode ser verificada segundo múltiplos critérios permitindo a obtenção de um quadro mais completo da resistência da estrutura ou peça. Isto é poss1vel graças ao fato de que a base de dados para cada uma das verificações é praticamente a mesma com relação as demais. Longe de se pretender esgotar trabalho pretende ser uma contribuição a o assunto, este mais destinada a facilitar o trabalho de engenheiros e estudantes.
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Li, Min. "Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from garlic and Chinese yam". Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690874.
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Baker, Alastair. "Flow reactors for the continuous synthesis of garlic metabolites". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86704/.
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Garlic secondary metabolites are organosulfur compounds that possess prophylactic properties. The chemical composition of garlic oil extracts consists of a combination of these compounds. The instability of a major component, allicin 5, limits the commercial viability of garlic oil extracts. The synthesis of garlics organosulfur compounds has been performed in batch reactors. In this thesis, flow reactors were utilised to improve the throughput, reduce the operating conditions. The thermolysis of allicin 5 is the solitary approach to produce the garlic metabolite, ajoene 14. Ajoene 14 has greater stability compared to allicin 5 that possesses interesting biological activity. The primary three-step synthesis investigated consisted of dialkyl polysulfide synthesis, subsequent oxidation and finally the terminal thermolysis. In addition, other garlic metabolites have also been produced. The synthesis of unsymmetrical monosulfides and their subsequent oxidation was investigated using novel heterogeneous packed-bed flow reactors. The stable amino acid, alliin 15, is the precursor of allicin 5. Alliin 15 was also synthesised in homogeneous flow mode. The telescoped synthesis of alliin 15 was successfully completed using a semi-batch reactor. Development of novel approaches to synthesise garlics organosulfur compounds is reported in this thesis. Finally, the flow reactor systems, experimental details and characterisation of the compounds are described.
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Bachhawat, Kiran. "Garlic (Allium Sativum) Agglutinin I: Specificity, Binding And Folding Mechanism". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/243.
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Lectins are a class of proteins that bind to carbohydrates with a high degree of specificity. They are involved in various cellular processes such as, host - pathogen interactions, targeting of proteins within cells, cell - cell interaction, cellular segregation and development. They serve as important tools for probing the carbohydrate structures in biological systems such as cell membranes and also as model systems for elucidating protein - carbohydrate interactions. Lectins are distributed ubiquitously in nature ranging from microorganisms to the plants and animals.
Plant lectins are a group of proteins that according to a recently updated definition comprise all plant proteins possessing at least one non-catalytic domain that binds reversibly to specific mono- or oligosaccharide. The majority of all currently known plant lectins may be classified into four major groups - (1) Legume lectins, (2) Chitin-binding lectins, (3) Type 2 Ribosome inactivating proteins and the (4) Monocot mannose binding lectins.
The monocot mannose binding lectins are an extended superfamily of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. Till now these proteins have been isolated from the following families, namely, Amaryllidaceae, Affiaceae, Araceae, Orchidaceae, Iridaceae and Li/iaceae. They exhibit marked sequence homology and a unique specificity for mannose. At present there is a wide interest in the monocot mannose-binding lectins because of: (1) their exclusive specificity towards mannose, (2) their anti - retroviral activity and (3) their potent entomotoxic properties. Of particular interest are lectins from the bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum) and ramson (A. ursinum), which contain more than one type of lectin. The first report of the presence of lectins in the bulbs of garlic {Allium sativum agglutinin, ASA) was made by Van Damme et al in 1991. Bulbs of garlic are
known to accumulate two types of mannose binding lectins, the heterodimeric, ASAI and the hornodimeric, ASAII. Though these two lectins differ in the lengths of their polypeptide chains, they exhibit marked similarities with respect to their primary sequence, post translational modifications, serological properties, immunochemical attributes as well as carbohydrate binding properties.
This thesis describes the successful cloning of the ASAI gene from the garlic genomic DNA and expression of the functional recombinant protein in insect cell lines. ASAI was subsequently characterized for its carbohydrate binding specificity by means of a sensitive enzyme based assay. Finer insights into this sugar binding topology of ASAI for its complementary ligands was obtained from the surface plasmon resonance studies. Lastly, the folding behaviour as well as an estimate of its conformational stability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric and equilibrium solution denaturation studies.
Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive review on lectins pertaining to their definition, historical background, occurrence in nature, three dimensional structure and architecture, modes of bonding, biological functions and implications as well as their applications in biomedical research.
Chapter 2 describes the isolation and purification of the heterodimeric lectin, ASAI in two steps using affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography from the bulbs of garlic. The purified ASAI was then characterized for their serological, physico- and immuno-chemical properties by means of capillary electrophoresis, hemagglutination activity and generation of antisera against ASAI in rabbits.
Chapter 3 revolves around the cloning of the gene encoding ASAI by PCR amplification from garlic genomic DNA. The authenticity of the ASA gene was
established by means of gene sequencing, which in turn provided us with the primary sequence of this lectin. With the ASAI clone established innumerable attempts, as highlighted in the chapter, were made to express the functional protein in bacteria. All attempts yielded pure recombinant garlic lectin with no detectable activity. This prompted us to shift our efforts into expression of the recombinant protein in the baculovirus expression system using the Sf21 insect cell lines and the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The choice of this system proved beneficial as we obtained functional recombinant garlic lectin with its hemagglutinating activity comparable to the native protein.
Chapter 4 highlights the design of an elegant coupled enzyme-based colorimetric assay (Enzyme Linked Lectin Adsorbent Assay) for elucidation of the carbohydrate binding specificity of ASAI. This expansive and extensive study involved the assay of a wide range of mannooligosaccharides in order to gain an insight into the sugar binding details of ASAI. ASAI recognizes monosaccharides in the mannosyl configuration. The potencies of the ligands for ASAI is shown to increase in the following order: Mannobiose < Mannotriose Mannopentaose Man9 oligosaccharide. Mannononase glycopeptide (Man9GlcNAc2Asn), the highest oligomer studied exhibited the greatest binding affinity suggesting ASAI to possess a preference for cluster of terminal αl-2-linked mannosyl residues at the non-reducing end. This kind of exquisite specificity is unique in the lectins described so far. Among the glycoproteins assayed, invertase, soyabean agglutinin and ovalbumin displayed high binding affinity.
Chapter 5 unravels the fine specificity of the mannose containing carbohydrate moieties for binding to ASAI with emphasis on their kinetics of binding. This has been achieved by invoking the principle of surface plasmon resonance allowing measurement of bimolecular interactions in real time. This investigation corroborates our earlier study about the special preference of garlic lectin for terminal a α1-2 linked mannose residues. Increase in binding propensity can be directly correlated to the addition of αl-2 linked mannose to the mannooligosaccharide at its non-reducing end. An analyses of these data reveals that the α1-2 linked terminal mannose on the α1-6 arm to be the critical determinant in the recognition of mannooligosaccharides by the lectin. While kI increases progressively from Man3 to Man7 derivatives, and more dramatically so for Man8 and Man9 derivatives, k-1 decreases relatively much less gradually from Man3 to Man9 structures. An unprecedented increase in the association rate constant for interaction with ASAI with the structure of the oligosaccharide ligand constitutes a significant finding in protein-sugar recognition.
Chapter 6 deals with the thermal unfolding of ASAI, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism which shows it to be highly reversible and can be defined as a two-state process in which the folded dimer is converted directly to the unfolded monomers (A2 2U). Moreover, its conformational stability has been determined as a function of temperature; GdnCl concentration and pH using a combination of thermal and isothermal GdnCl induced unfolding monitored by DSC, far-UV CD and fluorescence, respectively. Analysis of these data yielded the heat capacity change upon unfolding (∆CP) as also the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic parameters, namely, ∆G, ∆H, ∆S. The protein appears to attain a completely unfolded state irrespective of the method of denaturation. The absence of any folding intermediates suggests the quaternary interactions to be the major contributor to the conformational stability of the protein, which correlates very well with its X-ray structure. The final chapter summarizes the findings reported in the thesis.
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Allison, Gillian Lenore. "The inhibitory mechanisms of aged garlic extract on platelet aggregation". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5880/.
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Munch, Ryan Nicholas. "Deodorization of Garlic Breath Volatiles by Food and Food Components". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1383566379.
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DeCagna, Drew. "Inhibiting enzymatic formation of blue-green pigments in garlic cloves". Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15517.
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Master of ScienceFood Science - Animal Sciences & Industry
Fadi Aramouni
Blue-green pigments have the ability to form in crushed and whole garlic cloves following a rapid series of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Economic losses associated with a reduction in organoleptic quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) containing blue-green pigments can be incurred. Preventing blue-green pigment formation can mitigate potential financial and brand equity damages. To prevent pigment formation, inactivation of the enzyme which yields pigment substrates is essential. Two methods to inactivate the enzyme associated with pigment formation were explored: blanch treatment of whole garlic cloves (100°C, 5 min); and soaking of whole, non-blanched garlic cloves in low pH (<3.0) acetic or citric acid pickling solutions for seven days. The blanching treatment was effective in inactivating the enzyme as the pigment substrate decreased by approximately 99% as compared with pigment substrate concentrations in non-blanched garlic cloves. Soaking whole garlic cloves in low pH (<3.0) pickling solutions did not result in enzyme inactivation as pigments formed in cloves soaked in the acetic acid pickling solutions; however pigments did not form in cloves soaked in the citric acid pickling solution. This may be due to the different effect mono- and poly-carboxylic acids have on the permeability of garlic cell membranes. Blanching garlic cloves can be implemented as a processing step to prevent pigment formation. Soaking garlic in a low pH pickling solution comprised of a poly-carboxylic acid does not inactivate the enzyme associated with pigment formation but pigment formation can be prevented. Other methods presented in the literature to prevent pigment formation include controlling growth, harvest and storage conditions, as well as treating garlic clove homogenates with chemical additives.
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Mikitiukas, Audrius. "Kodėl vedybinė sutartis gali tapti kliūtimi galiojančiai kanoninei santuokai?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080611_104248-02616.
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Magistrinio darbo tema – “Kodėl vedybinė sutartis gali tapti kliūtimi kanoninei santuokai?”. Darbas sudarytas iš 4 dalių. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje remiantis Lietuvos Respublikos Civiliniu Kodeksu ir 1983 metų Kanonų Teisės Kodeksu yra nagrinėjama santuokos institucijos samprata. Aptariama santuokos samprata pagal Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinį Kodeksą ir pateikiami santuokos sudarymui keliami reikalavimai. Nagrinėjami bažnytinės teisės reikalavimai kanoninės santuokos sudarymui bei pateikiama kanoninės teisės ir civilinės teisės bendrumai santuokos atžvilgiu. Antroji darbo dalis skirta vedybų sutarties teisinio reglamentavimo nagrinėjimui. Aptariama vedybų sutarties samprata ir kilmė. Remiantis Lietuvos Respublikos Civiliniu Kodeksu pateikiama vedybų sutarties sudarymo procedūra ir įsigaliojimas, taip pat išanalizuojamos sąlygos vedybų sutarties pakeitimui ir nutraukimui. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje kalbama apie bažnytinės santuokos negaliojimą dėl išankstinio susitarimo. Vedybų sutartis čia įvardijama kaip išankstinsi susitarimas su ateitį numatančia sąlyga. Remiantis 1983 metų Kanonų Teisės Kodeksu apariama santuokos su sąlyga negaliojimas ir išankstinės sąlygos prieštaravimas santuokos vienumui ir neišardomumui. Ketvirtojoje dalyje, remdamiesi bažnyčios Mokymu aptariame pastoracinius uždavinius, siekiant santuokos sakramentiškumo ir kilnumo užtikrinimo.Team of diploma work for master degree is: Why nuptial contract can become impediment for canonical marriage? Diploma work is made from 4 parts. According to the Lithuanian Republic Civil Law and Code of Canon Law in the first part of work is presenting definition of marriage institution. There are discussing about marriage in public law and in Church law. In the 2nd part of work is written about nuptial contract and this contract rights. Firstly there are talking about definition of nuptial contract and derivation. According to the Lithuanian Republic Civil Code is presenting nuptial contract formation procedure and this contract come into effect. Also is written about nuptial contract change and break procedure. In the 3rd part of diploma work is present invalidity canonical marriage. This canonical marriage invalidity is because marriage contract is made with future contract. In the 4th part of work is described pastoral care of sacramental marriage.
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Andriuškevičius, Rytis. "Ar 100 proc. asmens pajamų apmokestinimas gali būti teisėtas?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130617_164548-02188.
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Visuomenėje kylančios diskusijos dėl didelio mokesčių lygio yra aktualios ir palydimos
daugybės komentarų. Mokesčių lygio svarstymas apima teisines, politines ir ekonomikos sritis. Šio
darbo problema yra ta, kad Vyriausybei vykdant mokestinę politiką visuomenėje išnyksta teisinis
tikrumas dėl buvimo apribojimų, kurie varžytų maksimalios mokestinės naštos ribą. Šiam darbui
keliami tokie uždaviniai: (1) atskleisti mokestinės prievolės esmę; (2) nustatyti mokestinei
prievolei atsirasti būtinas prielaidas; (3) nustatyti mokestinės prievolės nebuvimo prielaidas; (4)
pagrįsti teisinės valstybės finansavimo mokesčiais būtinumą; (5) išnagrinėti mokestinės naštos
didinimo istorinius atvejus; (6) išskirti ir apibūdinti laikotarpius, kuomet mokestinės naštos
didinimui galioja mažesni apribojimai; (7) išanalizuoti situacijas Lietuvos Respublikoje mokesčių
reguliavimo politikoje ir teisės aktuose, kuomet galėtų būti maksimaliai didinama mokestinės
naštos riba.
Šio darbo tikslas yra ištirti mokestinės naštos didinimo teisėtumą. Šio darbo objektas –
maksimalios mokestinės naštos ribos. Įgyvendinant darbo tikslą, daugiausia dėmesio buvo skiriama
mokestinės prievolės atskleidimui, mokestinės prievolės pagrindimui ir maksimalios mokestinės
naštos ribų ieškojimui ir jų teisėtumo tyrimui. Šis iškeltas tikslas darbe sėkmingai įgyvendintas –
išanalizavus mokesčių teisės literatūrą, politines – teisines teorijas ir mokestinės naštos reguliavimo
teorinius aspektus bei praktiką. Vadovaujantis įvairių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The title of this work is: Is it legitimate to impose 100 % personal income tax? The tackled problem in this work is that as the Government creates new tax policy it also creates some uncertainty in the society because of vagueness of legal limitations to impose maximum tax burden. It creates a lot of discussion in society as people on micro economical level very vulnerable to Government’s moves in changing tax policy. The actuality of this problem is that after 2008 global financial crisis the interest in society towards economical issues skyrocketed into unseen level and internet news sites were bombarded by differently economically educated people. Indeed, the changes in tax policy touches almost every person‘s life and there is proverbial Benjamin Franklin saying that „in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes“. The stability of tax policy for businesses and investors is of most importance when choosing country to invest and the acts of Government witnesses about its readiness to keep promises by creating long term stable legal business environment. In country, where is „rule of law“, one thing to evaluate the Government decision to raise tax level is to question its legitimacy. Every such decision to change tax policy should be grounded in specific needs and situations. The problem is not with individual tax but with general tax level. The finding of maximum level of taxation would give more clarity to state and it‘s citizen relationship as... [to full text]
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Mizgaitienė, Ugnė. "Ar gali būti ribojama tėvų teisė parinkti vaiko vardą?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140619_163509-34000.
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Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas buvo išsiaiškinti, ar galimas toks atvejis, kad tėvų teisė parinkti vaiko vardą būtų ribojama. Atlikus analizę, buvo nustatyta, kad esama tokių atvejų, kai tėvai parinkdami vardus savo vaikams elgiasi neatsakingai ir neapgalvotai, taip pažeisdami vaiko interesus. Darbe buvo išsiaiškintos vaiko ir vardo sąvokos, apžvelgiant tiek bendrinį, tiek teisinį apibėžimus. Pabrėžtina, kad vardo sąvoka darbe buvo naudojama siaurąją prasme. Buvo keliamas ir teisės į vardą bei privatumo santykio klausimas, išskiriant, kad vaiko vardas yra jo tapatybės sudėtinė dalis, Buvo padaryta išvada, kad vaiko teisė į vardą yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis vaiko teisėmis, tarp tokių buvo minima vaiko teisė į individualybės išsaugojimą, teisė į sveiką vystymąsi, orumo užtikrinimą ir nediskriminaciją.
Pasiremiant psichologų atliktais tyrimų duomenis, buvo atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad asmens vardas yra gerokai daugiau nei skiriamasis ženklas, padedantis atskirti vienus žmones nuo kitų. Buvo pastebėta, kad vardo įtaką vaiko gyvenime yra matoma nuo tada, kai tik jis pradeda suprasti savo vardo skambesio prasmę.
Darbe buvo iškeltas klausimas ar teisės į vardą ribojimas nepažeistų tėvų interesų, žvelgiant iš privataus šeimos gyvenimo perspektyvos. Tačiau buvo nustatyta, kad tai, jog valstybėje yra tam tikras teisinis reguliavimas dėl vardų registravimo tvarkos, dar nereiškia jog taip savaime pažeidžiama šeimos teisė į privatumą. Atlikus teisės aktų analizę, buvo pastebėta, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the parents’ right to choose a child’s name can be restricted. The subject is relevant and this is justified by reviews of legal regulations and case law of different countries. The analysis shows that there are some cases when parents irresponsibly choose names for their children, thus violating child’s interests. In order to answer this problematic question, it is important to clarify the concepts of a child and a name considering both general and legal definitions. In this paper, a child is a special entity for whose proper fulfillment of rights a special protection is provided. The thesis also assesses the functions of legal regulations taking into account whether the legal norms that regulate name registration process means that the country ensures and respects child’s rights. It is emphasized that the concept of name is used in its narrow sense, excluding last name and nickname. Moreover, another relevant question of the thesis is the right to the name and privacy relation. It is emphasized that child’s name is the component of identity, therefore both child’s parents and the country have to ensure that child’s identity and relation with the family are preserved. This aspect is investigated referring to both European Court of Human Rights and judicial judgments of other countries. Only those questions that are related to the content of child’s right to the name are discussed in the practical part. After a review of the... [to full text]
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Metzdorf, Claude. "Caractérisation d'un réacteur lit fluidisé liquide-solide garni de mélangeurs statiques /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=629.
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Homann, Tomas. "Untersuchungen zur Resistenz von LSL Hühnern gegenüber experimentellen Ascaridia Galli-Infektionen". Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4729/index.html.
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Boote, Timothy. "Anti-thrombogenic electropolymers for coronary stents : surface motifs and garlic extracts". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539368.
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Zhang, Xiaohua. "Investigations of effects of garlic materials upon risk factors of atherosclerosis". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323146.
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A brief review was provided of lipid metabolism, mechanisms of lipid lowering and coronary heart disease risk factors (including the role of antioxidants). In addition, studies of lipid-lowering and other anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic materials were also reviewed. Evaluation and development of techniques required to perform studies of the anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic were implemented, including evaluation of methods for measuring total antioxidant capacity and the development of methods for the rapid isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL). The main objective of this project was to investigate the effects of garlic upon plasma lipids in rats and healthy human subjects and the effects upon antioxidant status in healthy human subjects. In a long-term study with old male rats, a low dose of garlic oil (c. O.5mg/Kg body weight/day) for 12.5 weeks provided in a high fat diet produced no significant reduction in plasma lipids or glucose. Upward trends in plasma lipids early in the treatment period were similar to those reported from several previous studies in which eventual reductions in plasma lipids were observed suggesting the possibility of a small effect of garlic oil upon lipid metabolism. Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled human studies were carried out to investigate the effects of capsules containing garlic oil dissolved in vegetable oil upon coronary heart disease risk factors in normal subjects. In the first study, 8.2 mg/day of garlic oil (or placebo) capsules were given to 51 subjects over an I 1- week period. 95% confidence intervals were calculated for differences between garlic oil and placebo groups of changes in plasma lipids, glucose and total antioxidant capacity between baseline and end-oftreatment. No significant effects were observed, but it was found that plasma lipids and glucose trends were more favourable with garlic oil treatment. Effects of garlic oil over placebo for cholesterol-related variables and glucose were in opposite directions for males and females and this interaction between genders reached significance for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose of plasma. The strong gender effect of garlic oil evidenced for plasma lipids and glucose implies potent effects of garlic oil and suggests future garlic studies should include gender analyses. In the second human study, 12 mg/day garlic oil (or placebo) capsules were given to 27 trained young male athletes for 16 weeks. 95% confidence intervals were calculated for differences between garlic oil and placebo groups of changes in plasma lipids, total antioxidant capacity and LDL composition between baseline and end-of-treatment. It was found that the reduction in plasma triglycerides (p=O.09) of the garlic oil group in comparison with the placebo group was accompanied by increases in density, a significant reduction in triglycerides / protein and a trend towards reduction of cholesterol/protein of the LDL fraction. A trend towards reduced total antioxidant capacity / protein of LDL appear to reflect garlic oil effects upon lipid composition of LDL rather than directly upon antioxidants. Non-significant trends towards small improvements in maximal oxygen intake test-duration and less plasma glucose depletion with garlic oil were observed. Overall, the results from the human studies provide some encouragement to the view that garlic oil could reduce coronary heart disease risk in normal persons and that this possibility deserves further investigation.
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Arbach, Miriam. "Diallyl polysulfides from garlic : mode of action and applications in agriculture". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/50025/.
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Garlic (Allium sativum) contains a wide range of organosulfur compounds which show a variety of biological effects including broad spectrum antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity, as well as selective anticancer activity. One highly bioactive class of compounds from garlic are diallyl polysulfides (DAS), containing one to six sulfur atoms in a linear chain. The bioactivity of DAS has been shown to increase with increasing sulfur chain length up to DAS4 and in this study the even higher bioactivity of DAS5 and DAS6 was demonstrated. The bioactivity of DAS is believed to be initiated following initial reaction with intracellular low molecular weight (LMW) and protein thiols. In this study the interaction between DAS and LMW thiols was investigated and for the first time the reduced DAS metabolites allyl hydropolysulfides have been detected in vitro and in vivo in the Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, formation of mixed polysulfides between DAS and LMW thiols with up to five sulfur atoms was observed in vitro. Proteomic studies revealed a large number of proteins in B. subtilis that formed mixed di- and trisulfides with DAS. Therefore multiple points of DAS attack have been proven and the disturbance of the cellular redox status through lowering the pool of reduced LMW thiols was established in two different organisms (B. subtilis and the nematode Steinernema feltiae). To exploit the polysulfide chemistry for the development of a “green” nematicide, the nematicidal activity of DAS was investigated in bioassays as well as the efficacy of DAS formulations towards plant pathogenic nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. and Globodera spp.) in potato and carrot field trials. It was demonstrated that the DAS derived nematicides form an equally effective alternative compared to synthetic nematicides at a much lower environmental and health risk.
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Castellano, Steven Michael. "Effect of Alliaria petiolata invasion on ectomycorrhizal colonization of Quercus rubra". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1217280009.
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Escobar, Salamanca Andrés Felipe. "Démarche intégrée pour l’identification de mécanismes et d'opérations unitaires déterminants de la qualité du gari". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG082.
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Le procédé de transformation des racines de manioc en gari reste la plupart du temps artisanal et dépendant du savoir-faire des opératrices. Étant constitué d’une suite d’opérations unitaires (râpage, fermentation/pressage, tamisage et cuisson), il est nécessaire de déterminer les opérations-clefs déterminantes de la qualité du produit. Ainsi, dans ce travail, le procédé a été analysé dans sa continuité au travers du suivi de réponses biochimiques, granulométriques et hydro-texturales du produit durant sa transformation. L’objectif du travail de thèse a été dans un premier temps de développer des outils et méthodes permettant le suivi des états physiques et biochimiques du produit tout au long de sa transformation à l’échelle laboratoire. Cette démarche a permis de dégager certains mécanismes contribuant à la transformation du produit. Il a été mis en évidence le drainage d’une partie du liquide intra-cellulaire lors du pressage ainsi que deux mécanismes d’agglomérations successifs lors de l’élaboration du gari. Les résultats et les mécanismes déduits des observations réalisées à l’échelle laboratoire ont par la suite été confrontés à ceux obtenus sur le terrain (Bénin) dans des conditions moins maîtrisées et sous l’effet d’un changement d’échelle. L’opération de cuisson, à la fois très contraignante et ressortant comme une opération unitaire clef a été, par la suite, plus particulièrement étudiée. Pour cela, le comportement (choix et gestes) de deux opératrices a été enregistré de façon à mettre en évidence le rôle de l’opératrice lors de la cuisson. L’ensemble des résultats montrent que la qualité des garis repose en grande partie sur le savoir faire de l’opératrice. Il ressort cependant que les critères de qualité du gari qui guide l’opératrice lors de la cuisson et la conduisent à ajuster son comportement sont, bien sûr, ceux qui lui sont accessibles (couleur, taille, …), mais ne sont pas suffisants pour atteindre teneurs en composés cyanogénique résiduels recommandées par le Codex Alimentarius de la FAOThe cassava process of converting cassava roots into gari remains mostly artisanal and depends on the know-how of the operators. As it consists of a series of unit operations (grating, fermentation/pressing, sieving and cooking), it is necessary to determine the key operations that determine the quality of the product. Thus, in this work, the process was analyzed in its continuity through the monitoring of biochemical, granule size and hydro-textural responses of the product during processing. The objective of the thesis work was initially to develop tools and methods to monitor the physical and biochemical states of the product throughout its processing on a laboratory scale. This approach has made it possible to identify some of the mechanisms that contribute to the elaboration of the product. It was found that part of the intracellular liquid drained during pressing and two successive agglomeration mechanisms were identified during the preparation of the gari. The results and mechanisms derived from laboratory scale observations were then compared with those obtained in the field (Benin) under less controlled conditions and scaling effect. The cooking operation, which is both very constraining and emerging as a key unitary operation, was then more particularly studied. For this purpose, the performance (choice and gestures) of two operators was recorded in order to highlight the role of the operator during the cooking process. All the results show that the gari quality is largely based on the operator's know-how. However, it appears that the product quality criteria that guide the operator during cooking lead her to adjust her practices are, of course, those that are accessible to her (colour, granule size, ...), but are not enough to reach the levels of residual cyanogenic compounds recommended by the FAO Codex Alimentarius
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Lucena, Rafaella Rayane Macedo de. "Desempenho produtivo e qualitativo de cultivares de alho semi-nobre vernalizado na Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar". Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/175.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-24Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Garlic is one of the vegetables of great economic and social relevance in Brazil. Among the consumer states, Rio Grande do Norte, especially, despite having regions with favorable conditions for growing garlic, currently, depends on imports of this product to meet its domestic demand. The introduction of more productive and quality cultivars, better market acceptance, and adjustments of vernalization technology, a key issue for adaptation of new cultivars, are mechanisms that can contribute to garlic revitalization in areas previously producing this vegetable. In order to evaluate the development, production and quality semi-noble garlic cultivars under different periods of pre-planting vernalization of seed bulbs in two city in the Mesoregion West Potiguar, we developed two experiments, simultaneously in Baraúna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado, between the months of April and November 2012. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a split plot, being the plots represented by semi-noble cultivars Gigante do Núcleo and BRS Hozan and subplots consisted by periods of vernalization before planting the seed bulbs at 4 ± 1 ° C: 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. We evaluated: plants emergency, plant height, leaf number, cultural cycle, final stand, mass fresh total, percentage of bulbs differentiation of bulbils, bulbils number, classification of bulbils, bulb average weight, yield total, classification bulbs, diameter of bulb, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, pungency, total solids and industrial index. The vernalization did not provide increases significant in productivity, however, the use of 10 day of the vernalization pre-planting seed bulbs allowed in improving the quality of garlic semi-noble produced in Baraúna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado. The cultivars Gigante do Núcleo (4.56 t ha-1) and BRS Hozan (4.42 t ha-1) had higher yields in Baraúna. In this city, garlic produced showed greater diameter, pungency and total solids, with higher industrial index therefore better quality for industrialization (processing or dehydration)
O alho é uma das hortaliças de grande relevância econômica e social no Brasil. Entre os estados consumidores, o Rio Grande do Norte, especialmente, apesar de apresentar regiões com condições favoráveis ao cultivo de alho, atualmente, depende da importação deste produto para atender a sua demanda interna. A introdução de cultivares mais produtivas e de qualidade, com melhor aceitação de mercado, e ajustes da tecnologia de vernalização, ponto fundamental para adaptação de novas cultivares, são mecanismos que podem contribuir para revitalização do alho em regiões, anteriormente produtoras desta hortaliça. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade de cultivares de alho semi-nobre, submetidas a diferentes períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente em dois municípios da Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar, desenvolveram-se dois experimentos, simultaneamente, em Baraúna e Governador Dix-sept Rosado, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas representadas pelas cultivares semi-nobres Gigante do Núcleo e BRS Hozan e as subparcelas constituídas pelos períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente à 4 ± 1 ºC: 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias. Foram avaliados: emergência de plantas, altura de plantas, número de folhas, ciclo cultural, estande final, massa fresca total, percentagem de bulbos com diferenciação de bulbilhos, número de bulbilhos, classificação de bulbilhos, massa média de bulbos, produtividade total, classificação de bulbos, diâmetro de bulbos, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, pungência, sólidos totais e índice industrial. A vernalização não proporcionou aumentos significativos na produtividade, entretanto o uso de 10 dias de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente possibilitou incrementos na qualidade do alho semi-nobre produzido em Baraúna e Governador Dix-sept Rosado. As cultivares Gigante do Núcleo (4,56 t ha-1) e BRS Hozan (4,42 t ha-1) apresentaram maior produtividade em Baraúna. Neste município, o alho produzido apresentou maior diâmetro, além de pungência e sólidos totais, com índice industrial mais elevado e, portanto, melhor qualidade para industrialização (processamento ou desidratação)
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Lorion, Renée Michelle. "Rock phosphate, manure and compost use in garlic and potato systems in a high intermontane valley in Bolivia". Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2004/R%5FLorion%5F071404.pdf.
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Serafim, Leonardo Farias. "Estudo experimental e computacional das propriedades vibracionais e citotÃxicas de nutracÃuticos do alho". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15016.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoA atividade citotÃxica e bactericida do extrato de alho, em trÃs linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais (HCT-166, SF-295 e OVCAR-8) e em quatro culturas de bactÃrias: duas gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) e duas gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 e Escherichia coli ATCC 11303), foi investigada neste trabalho. Visando melhorar a biodisponibilidade e o direcionamento destes nutracÃuticos para cÃlulas alvo (tumores ou bactÃrias), um sistema de liberaÃÃo de fÃrmacos baseado na adsorÃÃo do extrato de alho em micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio foi desenvolvido. Adicionalmente, simulaÃÃes computacionais no formalismo DFT (Density Functional Theory) foram realizadas para a determinaÃÃo das propriedades estruturais e vibracionais de duas molÃculas, alliina e metiina, presentes neste extrato aquoso. A molÃcula de alliina, espÃcie de maior concentraÃÃo no extrato aquoso utilizado, foi usada como modelo teÃrico para cÃlculos de potenciais de interaÃÃo do extrato de alho e das micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio. Os cÃdigos GAUSSIAN, Forcite e Dmol3, assim como o funcional meta-hÃbrido M06-2X e o funcional puro GGA na sua formulaÃÃo BPE foram usados nas simulaÃÃes. Os espectros vibracionais obtidos para a molÃcula de alliina revelaram intensas absorÃÃes em: 1637, 1592, 1519, 1430, 1397, 1390, 1357 1018, 544 cm-1 na regiÃo do infravermelho, principalmente associadas a vibraÃÃes dos grupos carboxila, amino e sulfÃxido, e em: 1643, 1429, 1404, 1316, 1297, 1207, 790, 744, 693, 588, 503 cm-1 no espectro Raman, associados a vibraÃÃes da cadeia carbÃnica. O espectro na regiÃo do infravermelho da molÃcula de metiina à semelhante ao da alliina, porÃm, seu espectro Raman revela bandas de absorÃÃo que podem diferenciar as duas espÃcies, principalmente a ausÃncia do pico observado em 1643 cm-1 reverente ao grupo alila. Os espectros vibracionais teÃricos calculados indicam uma Ãtima correlaÃÃo com os espectros experimentais obtidos, tanto paras molÃculas puras como para o extrato produzido em laboratÃrio. Os cÃlculos de potenciais de interaÃÃo sugerem a adsorÃÃo dos nutracÃuticos em pelo menos quatro camadas de solvataÃÃo em torno das micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio, o que promove sua lenta liberaÃÃo, elevando sua biodisponibilidade. Os testes de citotoxicidade revelaram inibiÃÃo do crescimento tumoral de cerca de 93%, nas as trÃs linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais, e atividade bactericida nas duas colÃnias de bactÃrias gram-positivas estudadas, o que comprovou o efeito sinergÃtico do extrato de alho com o carbonato de cÃlcio e sua eficÃcia como sistema de liberaÃÃo de nutracÃuticos. Estes resultados demonstram o potencial de aplicaÃÃo na prÃtica farmacÃutica do uso de micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio modificadas com extrato de alho para combate a cÃlulas tumorais e a aÃÃes bactericidas
The cytotoxic and bactericidal activities of garlic extract were tested in three tumor cell lines (HCT-166, SF-295 e OVCAR-8) and four bacteria cultures: two gram-positives (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and two gram-negatives (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 e Escherichia coli ATCC 11303). Aiming to improve the bioavailability and cell targeting (tumor or bacteria) of these nutraceuticals, a drug delivery system based on the adsorption of garlic extract on calcium carbonate microparticles was developed. Additionally, computer simulations within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) formalism were accomplished to find the structural and vibrational properties of two molecules, alliin and methiin, present in garlic extract. alliin the highest concentration specie present in garlic extract was used as theoretical model to represent the garlic extract on the potential interaction calculations with calcium carbonate microparticles. The computer codes GAUSSIAN, Forcite and Dmol3, with the Meta hybrid M06-2X and the pure GGA-PBE Exchange-correlation functional were used to implement the computations. The vibrational spectra recorded for the alliin unveiled intense absorption peaks at: 1637, 1592, 1519, 1430, 1397, 1390, 1357 1018, 544 cm-1 on IR spectrum, mainly assigned to the carboxyl, amine and sulfoxide groups vibrations, and at 1643, 1429, 1404, 1316, 1297, 1207, 790, 744, 693, 588, 503 cm-1 on Raman spectrum, associated to the carbon chain vibrations. The methiin IR spectrum is similar to alliinâs, but, its Raman spectrum unveiled absorption bands which may differentiate both molecules, mainly for the absence of the absorption peak observed at 1643 cm-1 , ascribed to the allyl group vibration. The calculated theoretical vibrational spectra showed a good agreement with the experimental data. The interaction potential calculations suggests the adsorption of at least four solvation layers of the nutraceuticals around the calcium carbonate microparticles, this fact allow the slowly release of the species, preserving its bioavailability. The cytotoxicity tests showed tumor cells growth inhibition of 93% for the three tumor cell line studied, and bactericidal activity on gram-positives bacteria cell cultures, which proved the synergetic effect of garlic extract with calcium carbonate and its efficacy as drug delivery system. Those results shows the application potential of the calcium carbonate microparticles modified with garlic extract on the treatment of cancer and as antibacterial agent.
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Moges, Henok Tenaw. "Investigating chaos by the generalized alignment index town (GALI) method". Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32284.
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One of the fundamental tasks in the study of dynamical systems is the discrimination between regular and chaotic behavior. Over the years several methods of chaos detection have been developed. Some of them, such as the construction of the system's Poincar´e Surface of Section, are appropriate for low-dimensional systems. However, an enormous number of real-world problems are described by high-dimensional systems. Thus, modern numerical methods like the Smaller (SALI) and the Generalized (GALI) Alignment Index, which can also be used for lower-dimensional systems, are appropriate for investigating regular and chaotic motion in high-dimensional systems. In this work, we numerically investigate the behavior of the GALIs in the neighborhood of simple stable periodic orbits of the well-known Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou lattice model. In particular, we study how the values of the GALIs depend on the width of the stability island and the system's energy. We find that the asymptotic GALI values increase when the studied regular orbits move closer to the edge of the stability island for fixed energy, while these indices decrease as the system's energy increases. We also investigate the dependence of the GALIs on the initial distribution of the coordinates of the deviation vectors used for their computation and the corresponding angles between these vectors. In this case, we show that the final constant values of the GALIs are independent of the choice of the initial deviation vectors needed for their computation.
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Giambi, Andrea. "Studio e verifica dei requisiti acustici nel Teatro Amintore Galli di Rimini". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Oggetto del presente studio riguarda la verifica della conformità acustica per il progetto inerente alla ricostruzione del Teatro Amintore Galli a Rimini, di alcune zone e componenti edilizie, nonché la qualità del campo sonoro nella cavea e nel palcoscenico, con obiettivo prefissato quale il raggiungimento del benessere acustico, intendendo con questa espressione l’esigenza di evitare la presenza di rumori causati da sorgenti interne all'edificio stesso o prodotto da attività in aree circostanti.
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Dorant, Elisabeth. "Onion and leek consumption, garlic supplement use and the incidence of cancer". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6525.
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Lee, Eun Jung 1974. "Phylogeographic Patterns of Tylos (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in the Pacific Region Between Southern California and Central Mexico, and Mitochondrial Phylogeny of the Genus". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148085.
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Isopods in the genus Tylos are distributed in tropical and subtropical sandy intertidal beaches throughout the world. These isopods have biological characteristics that are expected to severely restrict their long-distance dispersal potential: (1) they are direct developers (i.e., as all peracarids, they lack a planktonic stage); (2) they cannot survive in the sea for long periods of immersion (i.e., only a few hours); (3) they actively avoid entering the water; and (4) they are restricted to the sandy intertidal portion that is wet, but not covered by water. Because of these traits, high levels of genetic differentiation are anticipated among allopatric populations of Tylos.
We studied the phylogeographic patterns of Tylos in the northern East Pacific region between southern California and central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. We discovered high levels of cryptic biodiversity for this isopod, consistent with expectations from its biology. We interpreted the phylogeographic patterns of Tylos in relation to past geological events in the region, and compared them with those of Ligia, a co-distributed non-vagile coastal isopod. Furthermore, we assessed the usefulness of the shape of the ventral plates of the fifth pleonite for distinguishing genetically divergent lineages of Tylos in the study area. Finally, mitochondrial phylogenenetic analyses to identify the most appropriate outgroup taxa for Tylos in the study area, which included 17 of the 21 currently recognized species, provided important insights on the evolutionary history of this genus.
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Xu, Xiu Fen y 許秀芬. "Effect of garlic active principles". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39285172071595542832.
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Chen, Pao-Chuan y 陳寶川. "Design of A Garlic Combine". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99251298827642895248.
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碩士國立中興大學
農業機械工程學系
84
This research is to develop the garlic combine.Firstly, the plant methodsare studied and the physical propeties of garlic are also statistically analyzed including the weight, heightand diameter as well as thetension and shear breaking forces for the root and stem.By the way of man-harvested procedures, with drawn, root-cut andstem-cut, The Garlic Combine is designed. The cutting knife of digger is designed as thebow shapeat the inner side to dig for low level.The clamp pressure during transferand level arrangement is adaptively designed to reduce thedamage of garlic heads. The machinery has the functions of divergence- lifting, digging, pluging-in, clamp-up, clamping, transferring, level arrangement, root-clean,root-cut, stem-cut, collecting and stem-lay-out. The machine can be tracted andpowered by a small hourse power(20∼30HP) tractor. The proto typeof the garlic combine is the type of single-plot and tested on the fieldfor different rotating speeds and levels. Over 90% of thegarlies can be successfully harvested for the length of garlic stems under 4cm.The developed garlic combine can be commercialized to solve the problem of the lack of workers, reduce the production cost, and increase thegross income of the farmers.
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Chang, Hui-ching y 張惠清. "Inhibitory Effects of Aqueous Garlic Extract,Garlic Oil And Four Diallyl Sulphides Against Four Enteric Pathogens". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96471373229862458351.
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碩士中山醫學大學
營養科學研究所
90
Abstract： The inhibitory effects of aqueous garlic extract, garlic oil and four diallyl sulphides naturally occurring in this oil against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococus facecalis, and Citrobacter freundii (total 291 clinical isolates) were studied. The MIC values of four diallyl sulphides against the four enteric pathogens followed the order diallyl monosulphide ＞ diallyl disulphides ＞ diallyl trisulphide ＞ diallyl tetrasulphide (p＜0.05). Most interactions of four antibiotics （meropenem, ceftazidime, imipenem and gentamicin）with diallyl polysulphide, determined as FIC index, showed synergistic or additive effects. Garlic oil at 2X MIC reduced original inoculums to ≤ 3 log10/mL within 8hr；and 4X MIC reduced original inoculums to ＜ 2 log10/mL in all test enteric pathogens within 6hr. The intake of aqueous garlic extract in humans provided the antibacterial activity in plasma,determined by inhibitory zone. These results suggested that aqueous garlic extract, garlic oil, and diallyl polysulphide may have potential for the prevention or control of infections caused by enteric pathogens.
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"Reversed â Phase HPLC Determination of Alliin in Diverse Varieties of Fresh Garlic and Commercial Garlic Products". East Tennessee State University, 2009. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0707109-204459/.
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