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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Garli"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 19 de febrero de 2022

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1

Bazinet, Adam L., Derrick J. Zwickl y Michael P. Cummings. "A Gateway for Phylogenetic Analysis Powered by Grid Computing Featuring GARLI 2.0". Systematic Biology 63, n.º 5 (30 de abril de 2014): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu031.

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2

Şentürk, Şükrü y Yavuz Ekincioğlu. "A Theoretical Study of Lithium-Doped Gallium Clusters by Density Functional Theory". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 67, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2012): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2012-0017.

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The geometrical structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of GanLi (n = 1 - 13) clusters were investigated within the density functional theory (DFT). The impurity lithium atom enhances the stability of GanLi (n = 1 - 13) clusters, especially GanLi (n = 9 - 13) compared to Gan(n = 9 - 14), that is at either apex position or side position. The dissociation energy, second-order energy differences, and the energy gaps between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) indicate that the Ga7Li, Ga9Li, and Ga11Li clusters are more stable within the studied cluster range. Moreover, the variation of the average bond length of Ga-Li is due to the surface effect, and the binding strength increases resulting from the increase of charge amount.
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3

Wepfer, Patricia H. y H. Peter Linder. "The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 27, n.º 3 (2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13048.

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Flagellariaceae are grass relatives that climb using leaf-tip tendrils in palaeotropical rainforests. As the sister group to Joinvilleaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae and Poaceae, they could be indicative of the ancestral habitat of the graminid clade. Although four species are usually accepted in this monogeneric family, Flagellaria has never been revised taxonomically and species delimitation is understood poorly, especially for the Pacific. Here, we document the morphological variation in the genus, and explore phylogenetic patterns by maximum likelihood analysis (GARLI) and Bayesian inference (MrBayes) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal repeat and the plastid matK, psbA–trnH and rps16 regions. Ecological variation was inferred from climatic factors evaluated by MaxEnt analysis. We show that Flagellaria is more diverse than previously thought, and describe one new species in Fiji (Flagellaria collaris Wepfer & H.P.Linder) and three new varieties in F. indica (vars. australiensis, bifurcata, borneensis). Flagellaria is most diverse in the Pacific islands, where Fiji harbours three of the five species.
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4

Yuniarti, Ida, Muchammad Yunus, Suzanita Utama, Setiawan Koesdarto, Lucia Tri Suwanti y Ngakan Made Rai Widjaja. "Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Infusion On The Time of Death of Ascaridia galli". Journal of Parasite Science 1, n.º 2 (26 de noviembre de 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v1i2.16284.

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Infectious disease is a major problem for animal husbandry. One of infectious disease is caused by Ascaridia galli (A. galli). Ascaridiasis occurs in either broiler or layer that caused decrease of meat and egg productions. Garlic (Allium sativum) contain alicin that have the ability to kill parasites.This research was conducted to determine the effect of garlic on time of death of A. galli. In this research used A. galli with length 7-11 cm regardless the sex. The treatment used local (Indonesian garlic), kating and single garlic with concentration of 39.50%, 62.40% and 98.60%. The negative control used NaCl physiology (0.9 %). The result showed that all the treatment group can shortened the time of death of A. galli compared to control. The time of death of A. galli on local garlic infusion with 39.50 % concentration was 6.24 hours, on 62.40 % concentration was 4.94 hours and on 98.60 % concentration was 3.97 hours, kating garlic infusion on 39.50 % concentration was 5.08 hours on 62.40 % concentration was 3.81 hours, on 98.60 % concentration was 2.96 hours, single garlic infusion on 39.50 % concentration was 5.4 hours, on 62.40 % concentration was 3.86 hours, on 98.60 % concentration was 3.83 hours. The best treatment was kating garlic on 98.60% concentration because give shortest time of death.
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5

Cabra-García, Jimmy y Gustavo Hormiga. "Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2019): 976–1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz088.

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Abstract We present a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana and discuss the phylogenetic impacts of methodological choices. We analysed 167 phenotypic characters and nine loci scored for 115 Wagneriana and outgroups, including 46 newly sequenced species. We compared total evidence analyses and molecular-only analyses to evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence, and we performed analyses using the programs POY, TNT, RAxML, GARLI, IQ-TREE and MrBayes to evaluate the effects of multiple sequence alignment and optimality criteria. In all analyses, Wagneriana carimagua and Wagneriana uropygialis were nested in the genera Parawixia and Alpaida, respectively, and the remaining species of Wagneriana fell into three main clades, none of which formed a pair of sister taxa. However, sister-group relationships among the main clades and their internal relationships were strongly influenced by methodological choices. Alignment methods had comparable topological effects to those of optimality criteria in terms of ‘subtree pruning and regrafting’ moves. The inclusion of phenotypic evidence, 2.80–3.05% of the total evidence matrices, increased support irrespective of the optimality criterion used. The monophyly of some groups was recovered only after the addition of morphological characters. A new araneid genus, Popperaneus gen. nov., is erected, and Paraverrucosa is resurrected. Four new synonymies and seven new combinations are proposed.
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6

Nair, Preeti, Devendra Pratap Singh y Navneet Munoth. "Challenges and New Paradigms in Conservation of Heritage-based Villages in Rural India -A case of Pragpur and Garli villages in Himachal Pradesh". Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 6, n.º 1 (febrero de 2021): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj0601124.

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7

Arteaga-Figueroa, Luis A., Valentina Sánchez-Bermúdez y Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra. "Revisiting the phylogeny of phylum Ctenophora: a molecular perspective". F1000Research 5 (21 de agosto de 2017): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10426.2.

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The phylogenetic relationships of deep metazoans, specifically in the phylum Ctenophora (inside and outside the phylum), are not totally understood. Several loci (protein coding and ribosomal RNA) from organisms belonging to this phylum are currently available on public databases (e.g. GenBank). Previous studies take into account the ribosomal data and the protein data separately. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis of previously published data together. The published data of this phylum have been used in previous phylogenetic analyses inside the phylum and consist in nuclear ribosomal data, such as 18S, 5.8S, ITS1, ITS2, and protein-coding markers such as NFP (non-fluorescent protein). Previous studies concentrate their efforts toward the analyses of ribosomal data or the protein-coding marker separately. Now we take into account these markers together for an upgrade of the phylogenetic analysis of this phylum. We also test several markers such as 28S, IPNS, Tyrosine aminotransferase and HLH domaincontaining protein for the improvement of the study. This markers were analyzed by Bayesian Inference (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (Garli and RAxML), individually and concatenated, showing improvement in the orders placement and presenting new interesting relationship between the paraphyletic order Cydippida and the other ctenophores. These analyses also include sequences from undescribed species that have been reported in GenBank which improved the alignment matrices and support values of some nodes. Adding the undescribed species suggests interesting and well supported clades, the posterior identification of this species would led to an improvement on the ctenophore’s taxonomy.
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8

Majumder, S. y V. K. Baranwal. "First Report of Garlic common latent virus in Garlic from India". Plant Disease 93, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-1-0106c.

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important culinary herbs in the Indian subcontinent. Several viruses belonging to genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirus are known to infect garlic (2,3). Garlic accessions grown on the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, were tested for the presence of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), and Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV). Leaves showing mild to severe mosaic symptoms were collected in January of 2008 from five accessions of garlic (Pusa Selection-34, G-1, Selection-17, G-282, and PGS-14) from the experimental plots. Direct antigen coated (DAC)-ELISA was performed with antisera to OYDV, GarCLV (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland), and Garlic latent virus (GarLV) (synonym for SLV) obtained from D. E. Lesemann, (Braunschweig, Germany). Total RNA was extracted from 100 mg of leaves with the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Maryland) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and DAC-ELISA confirmed the presence of OYDV and SLV in all selection lines, both of which were reported previously from garlic in India (1). The occurrence of GarCLV was confirmed by DAC-ELISA and RT- PCR using a primer pair 5′-AAATGTTAATCGCTAAACGACC-3′ and 5′-CTTTGTGGATTTTCGGTAAG-3′ designed from the conserved region of open reading frame (ORF) 5 (coat protein) and ORF 6 (nucleic acid binding protein) of GarCLV (GenBank Accession Nos. AB004566, X81138, and X81139). Expected amplicons of ∼500 bp for GarCLV were obtained from all garlic lines tested, confirming that all five garlic lines had mixed infections of OYDV, SLV, and GarCLV. The amplicons obtained from Pusa Selection-34 were directly sequenced and the 536-bp nucleotide sequence (GenBank Accession No. FJ154841) showed a sequence identity of 87% compared with GarCLV (GenBank Accession No. AB004566). To our knowledge, this is the first report of GarCLV in garlic cultivars in India. Our study demonstrates that GarCLV occurs frequently in mixed infections with OYDV and SLV and the potential impact of these mixed infections on garlic production needs to be evaluated. References: (1) S. Majumder et al. J. Plant Pathol. 90:369, 2008. (2) P. Van Dijk. Acta Hortic. 358:299, 1994. (3) D. G. A. Walkey and D. N. Antill. J. Hortic. Sci, 64:53, 1989.
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9

Ahmed, Mohieldeen M. A., Osman M. M. Ali, Muzmmel M. M. Ibrahim y Omer M. A. Al Ghabshawi. "Risks Management for Liquid Waste Disposal Area in the Khartoum Refinery-Sudan". IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 11, n.º 1 (27 de abril de 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v11.n1.p2.

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This study focused on evaluating the procedures of risk management associated with disposal of oil wastewater at Gaili area, Khartoum north, Sudan. Approaches used in this study. Research tools conducted were Interviews, sampling and analysis report interpretation, aerial photographs analysis & topographic modeling analysis for the Gaili area. The study of risk management is conducted for oily wastewater disposal at Gaili area and analyzed current activities of the Khartoum refinery, petrochemical plant, Garri power plant, fuel terminals and the gathered data. The Study found that the selection of the site of the wastewater area was improper, the construction specification of the oily waste water area was not following the international standards and the final disposal of the generated sludge is not following the international environmental conventions. The study found that the wastewater disposal area might have huge probability of impacting the surrounding environment, and severe impacts will be on the groundwater, soil, surrounding water courses and the quality of the air in Gaili area will be affected by oily wastewater disposal. The study recommended establishing an environmental monitoring program for the wastewater activities, and to conduct an environmental site assessment of the area and adopt the remediation plan developed according to the developed data, to construct a new sedimentation lagoon according to international standard and to provide a bioremediation unit to treat the generated sludge.
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10

Velkers, F. C., K. Dieho, F. W. M. Pecher, J. C. M. Vernooij, J. H. H. van Eck y W. J. M. Landman. "Efficacy of allicin from garlic against Ascaridia galli infection in chickens". Poultry Science 90, n.º 2 (febrero de 2011): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01090.

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11

Hanneken, S., A. Rütten, S. Eigelshoven, M. Braun-Falco, S. M. Pasternack, T. Ruzicka, M. M. Nöthen, R. C. Betz y R. Kruse. "Morbus Galli-Galli". Der Hautarzt 62, n.º 11 (6 de octubre de 2011): 842–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-011-2222-x.

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12

Sharma, Dr Sneh Harshinder. "Garlic---Benefits and Uses". Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, n.º 9 (1 de octubre de 2011): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jun2012/40.

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13

Jurwita, Magfira, M. Nasir y Abdul Gani Haji. "Analisis Kadar Vitamin C Bawang Putih dan Hitam dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis". KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 6, n.º 3 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i3.15289.

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An analysis of vitamin C levels of garlic and black garlic was done by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Garlic and black garlic contain a variety of nutrients and vitamins. Single and plural garlic is widely used as a medicine, besides garlic is currently also popular with garlic which is processed at temperatures between 60-80̊C with an environmental humidity of around 70-90% for 10-40 days. One of the vitamins contained in garlic includes vitamin C which acts as an antioxidant and is effective in dealing with free radicals. Vitamin C analysis was performed by the spectrophotometric method on the maximum wavelength is 250 nm with an absorbance value of 3.994. Results of analysis of vitamin C levels single garlic by 0.28% content of plural garlic by 0.27%. Vitamin C levels of single black garlic 0.29% (10 days), 0.31% (20 days), and 0.32% (30 days), plural black garlic Vitamin C levels 0.28% (10 days), 0.29% (20 days) and 0.31% (30 days).Based on ANOVA test results obtained there are differences in levels of vitamin C in single black garlic over several variations of time (days)and there are differences in levels of vitamin C in plural black garlic over several variations of time (days) because of Fcount ≥ Ftable.The coefficient of variation (KV) value is needed to test the level of accuracy of the analysis results. KV value in single garlic is 0.68% and plural garlic is 1.24%. KV value of single black garlic 0.3% (10 days), 0.25% (20 days), and 0.7% (30 days), KV of black garlic 0.55% (10 days), 0.61% (20 days), and 0.43% (30 days). Keywords: Single garlic, garlic plural, black garlic, fermentation, vitamin C levels
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14

Kunová, Simona, Peter Haščík, Ľubomír Lopašovský y Miroslava Kačániová. "The microbiological quality of minced pork treated with garlic in combination with vacuum packaging". Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (28 de mayo de 2021): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1585.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the microbial quality of minced pork treated with fresh garlic, dried garlic, and garlic oil in combination with vacuum packing. The growth of Total Viable Counts (TVC), Coliform Bacteria (CB), and Pseudomonas spp. were evaluated. The microbiological analyses were performed by the plate dilution method. The average value of TVC was 8.45 log CFU.g-1 in aerobically packed samples, 5.59 log CFU.g-1 in samples treated with garlic oil, 5.36 log CFU.g-1 in vacuum packed samples, and samples treated with dried garlic, and 4.98 log CFU.g-1 in samples treated with fresh garlic on 8th day of storage. The number of TVC was significantly lower in samples treated with fresh garlic compared to samples treated with dried garlic and garlic oil on the 8th day of storage (p <0.05). The average value of CB was 4.13 log CFU.g-1 in aerobically packed samples, 1.82 log CFU.g-1 in samples treated with garlic oil, the value of CB in vacuum packed samples, in samples treated with fresh garlic and also with dried garlic was lower than 1.00 log CFU.g-1 on 8th day of storage. The number of CB was significantly higher in aerobically packed samples and samples treated with garlic oil compared to vacuum-packed samples, samples treated with fresh garlic and dried garlic on the 8th day of storage (p <0.05). The average number of Pseudomonas spp. was 2.45 in aerobically packed samples, count of Pseudomonas spp. was lower than 1.00 log CFU.g-1 in vacuum packed samples and in the sample with garlic on the 8th day of storage. The number of Pseudomonas spp. was significantly higher in aerobically packed samples in comparison with vacuum-packed samples, samples with fresh garlic, dried garlic, and garlic oil (p <0.05).
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15

Kyoung Kim, Hyun, Hyun Jeong Kim y Su Jong Cha. "The Effect of Consumer Attitude toward Functional Food on Package Attributes and Ingestion Intention; Focused on Garlic". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 3.33 (29 de agosto de 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.33.18513.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prior knowledge and preference of garlic on the ingestion intention and selecting package attributes of garlic functional food. Surveys were conducted to verify the purpose of the study. One-way ANOVA was performed for data analysis; the following conclusions were reached.First, the prior knowledge and preference of garlic have a significant impact on the intention to ingest garlic functional food. Second, the prior knowledge and preference of garlic have a significant impact on the attitude toward package properties of garlic functional food.However, it was confirmed that the preference for garlic was a more significant influence on the selection of garlic functional food and garlic food packaging than the prior knowledge on the benefit of garlic. So this study casts significant implications for the marketing of functional food with strong flavors such as garlic.
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16

Jensen, Katherine, Keiko Goto, Joan Giampaoli y Julie Holland. "Factors Associated with Consumer Knowledge of Garlic Health Properties, Garlic Preparation Knowledge and Garlic Intake". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 19, n.º 1 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v19i1.2648.

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Background: Garlic has been shown to provide numerous health benefits attributed to its innate compound allicin. However, this compound is highly unstable when exposed to various cooking methods as it is affected by temperature and pH changes. There is limited information about health and preparation knowledge of garlic among consumers with various nutrition education levels including future nutrition professionals such as registered dietitian nutritionists. Purpose: To determine if consumer garlic health knowledge and perceptions were associated with garlic intake and if nutrition education level was associated with garlic health and preparation knowledge. Methods: An online survey was conducted to examine garlic health and preparation knowledge, garlic health perceptions, garlic intake, and garlic cooking methods among undergraduate students with and without a major. Results: There was a significant moderate positive correlation between garlic health knowledge and garlic intake (rs=.421, p<.001). Those with a nutrition major had significantly greater garlic health knowledge than non-majors (p<0.001), while there was no difference between nutrition majors and non-majors on cooking methodology knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge of the health benefits of garlic appears to be associated with its intake. Nutrition education should focus more on appropriate garlic preparation in relation to its health benefits.
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17

Ashraf, M., MS Butt, I. Ahmad, MK Saeed, Q. Syed, FH Shah y M. Shaheen. "Bioactive ingredients of local garlic variety from Pakis". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53, n.º 4 (9 de diciembre de 2018): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i4.39187.

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The health claims of locally grown garlic variety/line lehsan gulabi (garlic pink) for the management of serum glucose were explored. In efficacy study, garlic based diets given to the rats i.e. whole garlic (G1), garlic powder (G2) and garlic oil (G3) resulted in reduction in glucose, serum creatinine and serum urea levels, ALT, AST and ALP and elevation in serum insulin as compared to control (G0). The weight of rats substantially suppressed after the intake of different garlic preparations. It is deduced that garlic feeding may prove beneficial in weight management program. The whole garlic consumption proved more effective. The garlic oil caused highest glucose reduction (9.38%). Garlic oil alleviates glucose and insulin related abnormalities more efficiently. Additionally, treatments imparted significant effect on liver and kidney functioning. In the nutshell, pink garlic has potential to curtail different physiological malfunctioning. Thus diet based therapy by selecting suitable food ingredients should be encouraged as a preventive device against various metabolic syndromes among the vulnerable segments in the developing economies.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 245-252, 2018
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18

Diaz, Maria, Lizbeth Sayavedra, Amy Atter, Melinda J. Mayer, Shikha Saha, Wisdom Amoa-Awua y Arjan Narbad. "Lactobacillus garii sp. nov., isolated from a fermented cassava product". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2020): 3012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004121.

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A novel Gram-positive, catalase negative, rod-shaped strain, FI11369T, was isolated from gari, a traditional West African fermented food derived from cassava. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest type strains were Lactobacillus xiangfangensis LMG 26013T (99.4 % similarity), Lactobacillus plajomi NBRC 107333T (99.1 %), Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 10667T (99.1 %), Lactobacillus pentosus DSM 20314T (99.0 %), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum ATCC 14917T (99.0 %), Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans NBRC 107235T (98.9 %), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis DSM 16365T (98.9 %) and Lactobacillus daowaiensis NCIMB 15183T (98.8 %). The genome of strain FI11369T was sequenced and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) was compared with its closest relatives. ANI analysis showed that the closest relative, L. xiangfangensis DSM 27103T, had only a 82.4 % similarity. The main fatty acids of FI11369T were saturated C16 : 0 (18.2 %), unsaturated C18 : 1 ω9c (43.8 %) and cyclopropane C19 : 0 cyclo (ω10c and/or ω6; 22.5 %). Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained in this study, a novel Lactobacillus species, Lactobacillus garii sp. nov., with the type strain FI11369T (=NCIMB 15148=DSM 108249), is proposed.
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Egong, Obeten Christiana, Ani Elemi John, Ime Akaninyene Ubong, Kokelu Anthony Nduka y Okon Udemeobong Edet. "Thermoxidized palm oil diet (TPO)-induced haematological derangements in rats is ameliorated by Aloe vera and Garlic". Journal of Phytopharmacology 7, n.º 4 (24 de agosto de 2018): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7401.

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Objective(s): Therapeutic effects of garlic/Aloe vera on TPO-induced derangements in some haematological parameters and cytoarchitecture of the bone marrow in rats were studied. Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats weighing 200-250g were grouped into five (n=6): Control, TPO (TPO diet), TPO+G (TPO/Garlic), TPO+A (TPO/Aloe) and TPO+G+A (TPO/Garlic/Aloe). 15g of thermoxidized palm oil was mixed with 85g of rat chow to prepare TPO. Aloe gel and garlic juice were orally administered at doses of 6ml/kg and 2ml/kg respectively following lethality studies. After 3months, rats were sacrificed and blood collected via cardiac puncture for analysis. Results: From the result, TPO/Aloe showed a significant increase in food/water intake compared to control. TPO, TPO/Garlic and TPO/Garlic/Aloe had a significantly reduced body weight when compared to control but significantly higher in TPO/Aloe compared to control and other three groups. RBC, PCV and Hb was significantly decreased in TPO compared to control but was significantly higher in TPO/Garlic, TPO/Aloe and TPO/Garlic/Aloe compared to TPO. Total White blood cell was significantly lower in TPO/Garlic, TPO/Garlic/Aloe when compared to TPO but significantly higher in TPO/Aloe when compared to TPO/Garlic and TPO/Garlic/Aloe. MCV, MCH and MCHC showed a significant increase in TPO compared to control but decreased in TPO/Garlic, TPO/Aloe, TPO/Garlic/Aloe when compared to TPO. Histology of the bone marrow showed normal morphology in Control, TPO/Garlic, TPO/Aloe and TPO/Garlic/Aloe while some histological derangements were seen in TPO. Conclusion: Garlic and Aloe vera showed therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating haematological derangements caused by TPO consumption
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&NA;. "Garlic". Reactions Weekly &NA;, n.º 1218 (septiembre de 2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812180-00055.

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&NA;. "Garlic". Reactions Weekly &NA;, n.º 1283 (enero de 2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201012830-00145.

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ROSER, D. "Garlic". Lancet 335, n.º 8681 (enero de 1990): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90584-r.

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Morbidoni, Laura, Jennifer Moore Arterburn, Veronica Young, David Mullins, Cynthia Mulrow y Valerie Lawrence. "Garlic". Journal Of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 1, n.º 1 (11 de diciembre de 2000): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j157v01n01_06.

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BAUMANN, LESLIE S. "Garlic". Skin & Allergy News 38, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(07)70934-8.

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Morbidoni, Laura, Jennifer Moore Arterburn, Veronica Young, David Mullins, Cynthia Mulrow y Valerie Lawrence. "Garlic". Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 1, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j157v01n01_06.

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26

Ernst, Edzard. "Garlic". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 51, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2007): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200790025.

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Charlson, Mary. "Garlic". Archives of Internal Medicine 167, n.º 4 (26 de febrero de 2007): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.4.325.

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Mansell, P. y J. P. Reckless. "Garlic." BMJ 303, n.º 6799 (17 de agosto de 1991): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.379.

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Brosche, T. y D. Platt. "Garlic." BMJ 303, n.º 6805 (28 de septiembre de 1991): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6805.785.

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Sealy, Ramsey, Michael R. Evans y Craig Rothrock. "FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES OF GARLIC EXTRACT IN Sphagnum PEAT- AND SAND-BASED SUBSTRATES". HortScience 40, n.º 3 (junio de 2005): 880a—880. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.880a.

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Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium irregulare, Phytophthora nicoctianae, Phytophthora cinnomomi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Thielaviopsis basicoli was inhibited in vitro when grown in a clarified V-8 nutrient solution containing 10% garlic extract. After exposure to 10% garlic extract for 3 days, all fungi and fungal-like organisms failed to grow after being washed and transferred to fresh cornmeal agar nutrient medium without garlic extract. When Sphagnum peat was inoculated with P. aphanidermatum and drenched with solutions containing varying concentrations of garlic extract, a single drench of 35% garlic extract or two drenches of 15% garlic extract were required to rid the substrate of viable P. aphanidermatum. In sand, a single application of 25% garlic extract or two applications of 10% garlic extract were required to rid the sand of viable P. aphanidermatum Thus, Sphagnum peat appeared to partially inactivate the components in garlic and did so to a greater extent than sand. Therefore, efficacy of garlic extract as a soil drench fungicide will be affected by the type of substrate or soil to which the garlic extract is applied.
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Dewi, Ardhia Deasy Rosita, Joni Kusnadi y Wen-Ling Shih. "Comparison of the Main Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity from Garlic Water-soluble and Garlic Oil". KnE Life Sciences 3, n.º 5 (11 de septiembre de 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i5.975.

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<p class="Els-Abstract-text">Garlic is a natural source which has abundant organosulfur constituents. Garlic is divided into water-soluble organosulfur constituents mainly SAC (S-allylcystein), NAC (N-acetylcysteine) and oil soluble organosulfur constituents such as DATS (diallyl trisulfide), DADS (diallyl disulfide), DAS (diallyl sulfide). The aim of this research was to compare the bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity between garlic water-soluble and garlic oil. Garlic water-soluble constituents were identified by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and five constituents were found, namely N-acetylcysteine (NAC), cysteinyl-alanine, phenol-2-2-benzoxazolyl and two unknown constituents. The GC-MS chromatogram also showed three main constituents present in garlic oil as diallyldisulphide (DADS), diallyltrisulphide (DATS) and D-limonene. Interestingly, garlic water-soluble extract had higher antioxidant activity 70 % ± 0.02 % in comparison with garlic oil 58 % ± 0.07 %. This study conducts a novel preparation of garlic water-soluble for enhancing antioxidant properties on garlic novel preparation.</p><p> </p>
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Ackerman, A. Bernard y Patrick Brunhoeber. "Further references of Galli–Galli disease". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 59, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2008): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.04.014.

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Rundle, Chandler W., Solveig Ophaug y Eric L. Simpson. "Acitretin therapy for Galli-Galli disease". JAAD Case Reports 6, n.º 5 (mayo de 2020): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.02.042.

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Neha Sharma. "Assessment of potential use of garlic (Allium sativum) against growth of microbes". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, n.º 4 (8 de noviembre de 2019): 3508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1726.

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Garlic (Allium sativum) is cultivated worldwide for its medicinal and nutritional value. Garlic is an effective antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antiviral agent. Garlic contains organosulfur compounds which impart antimicrobial property. Garlic is known to be highly effective in reducing growth of bacteria. Garlic bulb contains organosulfur compound, allicin, which is responsible for the efficacy of garlic against the growth of microbes. This compound can hinder the formation of bacterial acetyl-CoA, a precursor required for metabolic activities in bacteria. The present review indicates that garlic shows considerable inhibitory effect on microbial growth. Thus garlic can be used as a sustainable alternative to treat diseases and provide a solution to minimize our dependence on chemical-based drugs in future.
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Liang, Cai Yun, Jian Xiong y Jun Ye. "Study on Storage Conditions of Greening of Garlic Purees". Advanced Materials Research 1052 (octubre de 2014): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.290.

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Garlic puree turns green easily during the storage. And temperature is one of the greatest affects on degree of greening of garlic puree. The greening of garlic purees was evaluated by sensory analysis. It showed that 35°C was the best temperature to prevent garlic from greening. At the same storage time, different kinds of garlics were at different degree of greening. Organic garlic didn’t show absolutely advantage at preventing garlic from greening.
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Wang, Yan Yao, Li Qing Zhao y Qing Wei Sun. "Garlic Cutting Umbilical Based on Image Processing and GUI". Advanced Materials Research 748 (agosto de 2013): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.585.

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Through the research of special algorithm which is suitable for the position of garlic cutting umbilical and the garlic cutting umbilical software system which is compiled by a GUI interface program, this issue realizes automatic and precise positioning of garlic cutting umbilical by using digital image processing techniques. The results showed that this program could distinguish garlic roots with garlic body very well and it could provide technical support for the mechanized cutting of garlic roots.
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Yunus, Fanny Thresia, Ari Suwondo y Martini Martini. "IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA GARLISIN DAN KUERSETIN SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA PADA SEDIAAN BASAH DAN KERING BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.)". Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 8, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jc.v8i2.1693.

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Indonesian people have long used garlic as traditional medicine because it contains various chemical compounds that are beneficial to the body. In this study identification of garlicin and kuersetin compounds in garlic as an antibacterial. This study requires 500 grams of garlic each in wet preparations consist of fine garlic and garlic extract, and dry preparation consists of garlic powder. In addition, this research requires 2,1 liters of 96% ethanol. Garlic is dried at 400C with TMI Vacuum Oven and extracted at 250C. Garlic powder is made using Krisbow dry cabinet with a temperature of 1000F and a pressure of 10 Pa. Garlisin content was identified by GCMS Shimadzu TQ8030 and FTIR Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two UATR, while identification of quercetin using Shimadzu HPLC type UFLC. The result shows that the compound garlicin (C6H10S2) was found in the three samples with identical similarity levels. In addition, the three samples showed differences in kuersetin content. The highest kuersetin content was 458.729 ppm garlic extract while the lowest kuersetin content was 81.181 ppm fresh garlic. Both of these compounds have potential as antimicrobial compounds.
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Gomes, J., J. Labareda y I. Viana. "Galli-Galli Disease: A Rare Acantholytic Variant of Dowling-Degos Disease". Case Reports in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/703257.

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Wardani, Aristiyana Nur Tri y Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto. "The Impact of GAP-SOP on The Production and Technical Efficiency of Garlic in Temanggung Regency". Agro Ekonomi 29, n.º 2 (13 de febrero de 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ae.36468.

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Temanggung regency is the largest garlic producer region in Central Java Province. However, its productivity is still low compared to the other regencies since garlic farmers have not achieved technical efficiency and limitary garlic farming technology. Hence, it is necessary to investigate whether the input application in the process of garlic production has been at technically efficient level or not. This research aims to determine factors affecting garlic production, the level of technical efficiency and technical inefficiency of garlic farming in Temanggung Regency. The location of the research was determined by using purposive sampling. The sample selection used simple random sampling method with 60 garlic farmers as the respondent. The result shows that production factors such as land area, garlic seed, ZK fertilizer, pesticide and the level of application of garlic GAP-SOP have significant effect on garlic production. The average value of farmer’s technical efficiency is 0,811. It means that respondents in this study have been technically efficient. The socio-economic factors affecting technical inefficiency are the age, the number of worker in a family, the level of education and participation rate within farmer group. The improvement effort of technical efficiency of garlic farming can be done by optimizing the contribution of farmer group as a facility to access information. Therefore, it is able to improve the skills and knowledge of farmers to farm garlic.
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Prihandani, Sri Suryatmiati. "UJI DAYA ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN PANGAN". Informatika Pertanian 24, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v24n1.2015.p53-58.

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Garlic is widely used as a herbal medicine. In order to support the empirical use and improve its application in food safety, this study was conducted to test the antibacterial activity of garlic against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Garlic was used in the form of fine powder. Garlic powder then dissolved in sterile distilled water and squeezed to obtain garlic solution with a concentration of 50%, 25% and 12.5%. Antibacterial activity of garlic juice was tested by diffusion method using paper disc to determine diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zones. Screening results demonstrated that the chemical constituents of garlic powder were saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Garlic powder has antibacterial activity to Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. Garlic has antimicrobial potential and can be used as decontaminant against Escherichia coli to maintain quality of food safety such as meat.
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41

Yang, Cheng, Kai Cui, Yutao Diao, Min Du y Shumei Wang. "Effect of Selenium-Enriched Garlic Oil against Cytotoxicity Induced by OX-LDL in Endothelial Cells". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (29 de mayo de 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/537652.

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Objective. To detect the effect of selenium-enriched garlic oil (Se-garlic oil) against cytotoxicity induced by ox-LDL in endothelial cells. Methods. Se-garlic oil was extracted by organic solvent extraction. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the content of allicin in the Se-garlic oil. Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) was used to detect the content of Se in the Se-garlic oil. ECV-304 cells were separated into five groups (blank, ox-LDL, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Se-garlic oil). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the cytoactivity of each cell group after culturing for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Flow cytometry (FCM) stained with annexin V-FITC/PI was used to detect the apoptosis of the cells from the blank, Se-garlic oil, ox-LDL, and Se-garlic oil + ox-ldl groups after 48 hours of incubation. Results. The amount of allicin in Se-garlic oil was 142.66 mg/ml, while, in Se, it was 198 mg/kg. When ox-LDL was added to low-, medium-, and high-dose Se-garlic oil, the cell viability rates of ECV-304 cells treated in the three groups were all higher, while the apoptosis rates were significantly lower than those of the ox-LDL group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the apoptosis rates of the blank, Se-garlic oil, and Se-garlic oil + ox-LDL groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Se-garlic oil could inhibit the cytotoxic effect induced by ox-LDL in endothelial cells.
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Manea, Claudiu y Ranko Mladina. "Crista galli sinusitis – a radiological impression or a real clinical entity". Romanian Journal of Rhinology 6, n.º 23 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2016-0019.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. Crista galli is an anatomical structure localized in the midline, that derives from the ethmoid bone, with a compact bone structure, sometimes pneumatized. The connection between the pneumatized crista galli and the adjacent paranasal structures is usually performed through an opening similar with a sinusal ostium. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective clinical study about the incidence of the pneumatization of crista galli in 196 patients with chronic sinusitis. We evaluated the degree of pneumatization and the drainage pathways of crista galli, trying to correlate the radiological findings with the symptomatology of the patients with crista galli “sinusitis”. RESULTS. Pneumatization of crista galli was found in 30.1% of cases. From 59 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and pneumatized crista galli, 66.4% had no opacification, 23.7% various degrees of opacification and 11.9% showed complete opacification. The presence of an opening of the pneumatized crista galli into surrounding air-cells was found in 16.98% of the patients. Headache was encountered in 76.2% of the patients with CRS and pneumatized crista galli sinusitis. CONCLUSION. When analyzing a CT scan of a patient with CRS, we should also take into consideration the pneumatization of crista galli, which has a high variability. Most of the patients included in our study had also a certain degree of opacification of the pneumatized crista galli. Headache had a higher incidence in patients with crista galli inflammation than in CRS patients who showed no pneumatization or opacification of the crista galli (76.2% versus 60.5% in “simple” CRS patients).
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Toledano Medina, María Ángeles, Tania Merinas-Amo, Zahira Fernández-Bedmar, Rafael Font, Mercedes del Río-Celestino, Jesús Pérez-Aparicio, Alicia Moreno-Ortega, Ángeles Alonso-Moraga y Rafael Moreno-Rojas. "Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Black and White Garlic: In Vivo and In Vitro Assays". Foods 8, n.º 6 (21 de junio de 2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060220.

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White and three types of black garlic (13, 32, and 45 days of aging, named 0C1, 1C2, and 2C1, respectively) were selected to study possible differences in their nutraceutic potential. For this purpose, garlic were physicochemically characterized (Brix, pH, aW, L, polyphenol, and antioxidant capacity), and both in vivo and in vitro assays were carried out. Black garlic samples showed higher polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity than the white ones. The biological assays showed that none of the samples (neither raw nor black garlic) produced toxic effects in the Drosophila melanogaster animal genetic model, nor exerted protective effects against H2O2, with the exception of the 0C1 black garlic. Moreover, only white garlic was genotoxic at the highest concentration. On the other hand, 0C1 black garlic was the most antigenotoxic substance. The in vivo longevity assays showed significant extension of lifespan at some concentrations of white and 0C1and 1C2 black garlic. The in vitro experiments showed that all of the garlic samples induced a decrease in leukemia cell growth. However, no type of garlic was able to induce proapoptotic internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Taking into account the physicochemical and biological data, black garlic could be considered a potential functional food and used in the preventive treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, our findings could be relevant for black-garlic-processing agrifood companies, as the economical and timing costs can significantly be shortened from 45 to 13 days of aging.
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44

Alsup-Egbers, Clydette, Patrick Byers, Kelly McGowan, Pamela B. Trewatha y William E. McClain. "Effect of Three Planting Dates on Three Types of Garlic in Southwest Missouri". HortTechnology 30, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04457-19.

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Commercial garlic (Allium sativum) is a relatively new crop for Missouri growers. While U.S. production is primarily in California, Oregon, Washington, and New York, little information is available regarding growing garlic in Missouri’s climate and soil conditions. Therefore, research is needed to investigate the optimum planting date for garlic in southwest Missouri. Comparisons between one spring and four fall planting dates using two garlic cultivars (Inchelium Red and German White) and the leek (Allium ampeloprasum) known as elephant garlic (A. ampeloprasum ssp. ampeloprasum) were planted at two replicated sites. Postharvest data were collected on bulb weight and diameter and clove weight and quantity. Although the numbers were not always statistically different, the overall results indicated that earlier planted garlic (September and early-October) had higher yields in 2016–17 than garlic planted later; however, in 2017–18, garlic planted in mid-October and early-November out-yielded garlic planted in September and early-October. Fall planting is preferred based on the results of our study, but spring-planted garlic can still yield a profitable crop for commercial growers. Future research on a variety of planting dates will give producers a better choice on when to plant in southwest Missouri.
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Moutia, Mouna, Norddine Habti y Abdallah Badou. "In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulator Activities of Allium sativum L." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (12 de junio de 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4984659.

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Allium Sativum L. (garlic), which is a species of the onion family, Alliaceae, is one of the most used plants in traditional medicine worldwide. More than 200 chemicals with diverse properties have been found in garlic extracts. Several garlic compounds were suggested to be efficient in improving various pathologies including certain types of cancer. This paper is an overview of data about garlic biological activities in vitro and/or in vivo on immune cells, on the development of certain inflammatory diseases, and on different types of carcinomas and sarcomas. Garlic and its compounds were found to have notable antioxidant properties. Garlic therapeutic potential has also been studied in several inflammatory diseases such as allergic-airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritic rheumatism, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, garlic was found to be able to maintain the immune system homeostasis and to exhibit beneficial effects on immune cells especially through regulation of proliferation and cytokine gene expression. Finally, we will show how major garlic components such as sulfur compounds and polyphenols might be responsible for the garlic biological activities revealed in different situations. If identified, specific compounds present in garlic could potentially be used in therapy.
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Nurenik, Nurenik, Sedyo Hartono, Sri Sulandari, Susamto Somowiyarjo y Argawi Kandito. "Double Infection of Onion yellow dwarf virus and Shallot latent virus in Garlic from Several Regions in Indonesia". Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 25, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.62818.

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Viruses have been a problem on garlic cultivations in various countries. There are several viruses reported infecting garlic. Genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus are the most common viruses found infecting garlic. Mixed infection on garlic is often designated as a “garlic viral complex”. These viruses can be transmitted through imported garlic seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early detection of garlic seeds to prevent the epidemic of these viruses. This study aimed to detect Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) on garlic. Garlic samples were obtained from Enrekang, Magelang, Temanggung, Tawangmangu, and Yogyakarta. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and subsequently used for RT-PCR using two pairs of specific primers SLV-F/SLV-R and OYDV-F/OYDV-R. Primary pair SLV-F/SLV-R in amplicons sized 276 bp, while OYDV-F/OYDV-R in amplicons sized 112 bp. RT-PCR results showed that OYDV was found in all samples tested in this study. Meanwhile, double infections (OYDV and SLV) were found in eight out of ten samples tested. These results indicated that double infections on garlic were common in Indonesia.
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47

Özmert Ergin, Sema. "Siyah Sarımsağın İnsan Sağlığına Yararları". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, n.º 7 (18 de julio de 2019): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i7.940-945.1730.

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a vegetable that is known to be medically beneficial and has been around since the past in the world cuisine. The unique taste and smell of garlic affects its raw consumption negatively. One of the functional uses of garlic, ‘black garlic’ is produced by fermenting white garlic under certain temperature and humidity conditions. Thus, the bitter taste and smell of garlic disappears and also changes occur in its nutritional value. Studies show that black garlic has anticancer, antitumor, antiallergic and antimicrobial effects. It also plays protective and therapeutic role against diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases. This product, which is new for many countries, is not well known and consumed in our country too. In this study, the bioavailability of black garlic was highlighted and information was given about its production and antioxidant activity.
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SETIYONINGRUM, FITRI, GUNAWAN PRIADI, NINA HERLINA, AKHMAD SOLIKHIN y NURUL LISANI. "Functional properties of Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic". Asian Journal of Agriculture 2, n.º 02 (26 de noviembre de 2018): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g020203.

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Setiyoningrum F, Pribadi G, Afiati F, Herlina N, Solikhin A, Lisani N. 2018. Functional properties of Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic. Asian J Agric 2: 48-51. Saccharomyces kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic was made by fermentation of fresh solo garlic in medium containing S. kluyveri aging in 70C and relative humidity close to 60%. The fermentation period of fresh solo garlic in the medium was 0, 2, 4 dan 6 days. The black aging period was 0 (fresh garlic), 7, 14 dan 21 days. Antioxidant capacity, flavonoid content and total poliphenol were observed. S. kluyveri Y97-fermented solo black garlic had higher antioxidant capacity, flavonoid content and total polifenol compared to solo black garlic without fermentation. Fermentation of fresh solo garlic by S. kluyveri Y97 before aging process could increase solo black garlic’s functional properties.
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Nelwida, Nelwida, Berliana Berliana y Nurhayati NURHAYATI. "Kandungan Nutrisi Black garlic Hasil Pemanasan dengan Waktu Berbeda". Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 22, n.º 1 (22 de noviembre de 2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v22i1.6471.

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Garlic as feed additives have been widely used to increase animals performance due to it can help absorption process of nutrients so that it can spur animal growth and produce healthy products. Garlic is crushed or damaged easily and when is broken, some of these bioactive sulfur components produce a strong pungent odor. Black garlic is fresh garlic that has been fermented for a period of time. Black garlic is formed through heating and causing the garlic turn to black because of its browning compounds. Black garlic does not exude a strong off-flavor, like fresh garlic because of changes to the compound allicin, which is responsible for its odor. The study was done to measure the nutritional content on black garlic based on different times of heat treatment at 600C. The research design was complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were time of heating; P0 (control, 0 day), P1 (15 days), P2 (30 days) and P3 (45 days) 500 g each. Parameters were moisture content, crude protein, ash, fat and carbohydrate. Data were analysed by analysis of variance, the significant effects were tested by Duncan’s multiple range test. To determine the best time of heating would be tested by Polynomial orthogonal. The results showed that different times of heat treatment significantly (P<0.05) affect nutrition of black garlic. Fifteen days of heating significantly incease moisture content but the moisture content decreased when heating was longer such as for 30 and 45 days. Longer time of heating increased significantly (P <0.05) the protein and fat content of black garlic, while the carbohydrate content significantly decreased (P <0.05). Polynomial orthogonal test resulted that the heating of garlic at 600C for 17 days gives the best nutrient content of black garlic. It was concluded that the length heating of garlic to produce the best nutrition content of black garlic was at a temperature of 600C for 17 days.
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Haque, MA, MA Monayem Miah, MS Hossain, AN Luna y KS Rahman. "Profitability of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivation in some selected areas of Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, n.º 4 (24 de mayo de 2014): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18944.

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The current production of garlic can’t meet up the increasing demand of Bangladesh. Due to unknown reasons, the area and production of garlic have not been increased at desired level. Therefore, the study was conducted in Magura and Faridpur districts during 2008-2009 to analyze the relative profitability, input-output relationship, and constraints to garlic production. Primary data were collected from 100 randomly selected garlic farmers for the study. Per hectare costs of garlic cultivation were Tk. 65493 and Tk. 51747 on full cost and variable cost basis. The major share of total cost was human labour (30%) and seed (25%). The yield of garlic was 6.15 metric tons per hectare. The gross margin and net return were Tk. 70660 and Tk 56914 per hectare, respectively. The benefit cost ratio was 1.87. The net returns from garlic cultivation were 68%, 59%, and 0.64% higher than mustard, groundnut and cabbage cultivation. Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that human labour, land preparation cost, manure, TSP, irrigation and insecticide had positive effect on the yield of garlic. Non-availability of HYV garlic seed, lack of technical knowledge about improved cultivation practices of garlic, infestation of insects and diseases and low market price were the major problems for garlic cultivation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18944 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 589-598, December 2013
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