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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Gas-turbines Heat resistant materials"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 6 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Gas-turbines Heat resistant materials"

Błachnio, Józef. "The Effect of High Temperature on the Degradation of Heat-Resistant and High-Temperature Alloys". Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (enero de 2009): 744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.744.

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Heat-resistant and high-temperature materials are used to manufacture components, devices, and systems operated at high temperatures, i.e. under severe heat loads. Gas turbines used in the power industry, the traction, marine, and aircraft engines, the aerospace technology, etc. are good examples of such systems. Generally, as the temperature increases, the mechanical strength of materials decreases. While making such materials, there is a tendency to keep possibly low thermal weakening. In the course of operating gas turbines, various kinds of failures/defects/ damages may occur to components thereof, in particular, to blades. Predominating failures/damages are those attributable to the material overheating and thermal fatigue, all of them resulting in the loss of mechanical strength. The paper has been intended to present findings on changes in the microstructure of blades made of nickel-base alloy due to high temperature. The material gets overheated, which results in the deterioration of the microstructure’s condition. The material being in such condition presents low high-temperature creep resistance. Any component, within which such an effect occurs, is exposed to a failure/damage usually resulting in the malfunctioning of the turbine, and sometimes (as with aero-engines) in a fatal accident. Failures/damages of this kind always need major repairs, which are very expensive.

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Chigrinova, N. M. "Stabilizing the heat-resistant phases in protective coatings of the blading of turbines in gas-pumping aggregates". Protection of Metals 42, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2006): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0033173206060142.

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Ugla, Adnan A., Mushtaq Ismael Hasan, Zainalabden A. Ibrahim y Dhuha J. Kamil. "Enhancing Thermal Properties of Steam Turbine Blades by Coating with Nanomaterials". Materials Science Forum 1039 (20 de julio de 2021): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1039.281.

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Heat resistant coatings are considered for the external surface Low-Pressure Steam Turbines (LPST). 410 stainless steel covered with nano heat resistant coatings consists of a heat resistant connecting layer enhanced by nanoparticles. A commercial paint was modified by using 20%wt of (titanium dioxide (TiO2) - aluminum oxide (Al2O3)) with different concentrations range (25,50,75wt% of TiO2) layers. These nano-coatings paints were airbrushed onto the surface of specimens of steam turbine blades. The test rig and experimental apparatus have been fabricated and collected to accomplish the thermal tests. The samples were subjected to heat resistance and a temperature test approximately similar to the steam turbine's operation condition temperature. The test results are used to choose the nano-coating layer with a concentration that ensures a composition's highest protective properties. The test sample with concentration (paint-(75% Al2O3+25% TiO2)) showed the highest thermal properties compares with the other cases.

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Strangman, T. E. y J. L. Schienle. "Tailoring Zirconia Coatings for Performance in a Marine Gas Turbine Environment". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1990): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906200.

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Zirconia coatings represent an advanced materials technology that offers significant durability and performance benefits for marine gas turbines. Thin zirconia coatings offer superior resistance to hot corrosion attack from fuel (sulfur, vanadium, and sodium) and air (sea salt) impurities present in marine engine environments. Thicker zirconia coatings reduce transient thermal stresses and heat transferred into air-cooled components. This paper describes the development of zirconia coatings, applied by the electron beam evaporation-physical vapor deposition process, that are tailored to provide superior durability in a marine engine environment.

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Balitskii, Alexander, Jacek Eliasz y Valentina Balitska. "Low and high cycle fatigue of heat resistant steels and nickel based alloys in hydrogen for gas, steam turbines and generators applications". MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816505002.

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It has been established that, at some region of hydrogen pressure and strain rate exists a maximum influence of hydrogen on the plasticity, low cycle fatigue and cyclic crack resistance of Ni-Co alloys and high nitrogen steels. The drop of plasticity of the dispersion-hardening materials within the temperature range of intense phase transformations is caused by the localization of strains on the grain boundaries due to the intense redistribution of alloying elements in the boundary regions. Moreover, the increase in plasticity observed at higher temperatures is caused both by partial coagulation of hardening phases and possible dissolution of small amounts of finely divided precipitations. The effect hydrogen on short-term strength and plasticity, high- and low-cycle durability of 15Cr12Ni2MoNMoWNb martensitic steel, 10Cr15Ni27Ti3W2BMo austenitic dispersion-hardened steel, heat resistant 3,5NiCrMoV rotor steel, 04Kh16Ni56Nb5Mo5TiAl and 05Kh19Ni55Nb2Mo9Al Ni-base superalloys in range of pressures 0–30 MPa and temperatures 293–1073 K was investigated. In the case of 15Cr12Ni2MoNMoWNb steel and 04Kh16Ni56Nb5Mo5TiAl alloy the dependence of low-cycle durability (N) and characteristics of plasticity (δ and φ) on the hydrogen pressure consists of two regions. In the first region (low pressures), the N, δ and φ abruptly drops, and in the second, the negative action of hydrogen becomes stable or decrease negligibility.

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Podhurska, V. Ya, I. D. Gorna, B. D. Vasyliv, R. V. Chepil y O. P. Ostash. "Long-term oxidation resistance of titanium materials for hybrid fuel cells". Uspihi materialoznavstva 2021, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/materials2021.02.035.

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Hybrid SOFC-MGT systems, which combine a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a gas microturbine (MGT) are capable of generating clean energy with high efficiency. Compared to large turbines in aviation and other areas of mechanical engineering and energetics, the requirements for mechanical properties of MGT materials in SOFC may be less strong, but one of the most important is resistance to long-term oxidation. For SOFC materials it is considered that oxidation resistance test duration must be not less than 1000 h. In addition, today there is a tendency to developing average-temperature (550—650 oC) SOFC modifications. Physical and mechanical properties, the long-term (1000 hours) oxidation resistance at 600 °C in particular, for a number of titanium alloys and composites depending on their chemical and phase composition and production method have been studied. These materials are promising for gas microturbines of a hybrid system “solid oxide fuel cell — gas turbine”. Cast, thermally deformed (forging, rolling), and heat-treated titanium alloys and also sintered and hot-pressed titanium composites have been investigated. They were compared to the most widely used in mechanical engineering and other industries Ti—6Al—4V alloy. It was shown that materials of the Ti—Al—X system (X = C, Nb, Mo) based on titanium MAX phases with nanolaminate microstructure have an advantage. At the same time, alloys based on titanium aluminides γ-TiAl / α2-Ti3Al in the cast state have the highest long-term heat resistance, as well as the best complex of physical and mechanical characteristics among the studied materials. Keywords: titanium alloys, chemical and phase composition, mechanical properties, long - term heat resistance, fuel cell.

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OHTANI, Ryuichi. "High Temperature Strength. General (Vertical) and Objective (Horizontal) R & D on Heat-Resistant Materials-Taking the Case of Superalloys for Gas Turbines." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 46, n.º 1 (1997): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.2.

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Berlizova, Tetiana. "Modelling and numerical analysis of structures made of single-crystal materials". Haditechnika 54, n.º 6 (2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23713/ht.54.6.05.

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In gas turbine construction, heat-resistant single-crystal materials have taken a strong place. Single-crystal alloy blades are used in aircraft, ships, power plants, etc. Today, the temperature of the blades exceeds the temperature of heat-resistant alloys in normal operating conditions, and they can withstand such high temperatures only with the help of an effective cooling system. In the production of single-crystal blades of a gas turbine engine, the directional crystallization method has been widely used.

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Pachaiyappan, R., R. Gopinath y S. Gopalakannan. "Processing Techniques of a Silicon Carbide Heat Exchanger and its Capable Properties – A Review". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (agosto de 2015): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.513.

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Silicon carbides is a composite ceramic material produced from inorganic non-metallic substances, formed from the molten mass which solidifies on cooling and simultaneously matured by the action of heat. It is used in various applications such as grinding wheels, filtration of gases and water, absorption, catalyst supports, concentrated solar powers, thermoelectric conversion etc. The modern usage of silicon carbide is fabricated as a heat exchanger for high temperature applications. Leaving behind steel and aluminium, silicon carbide has an excellent temperature withstanding capability of 1425°C. It is resistant to corrosion and chemical erosion. Modern fusion reactors, Stirling cycle based gas turbines, evaporators in evaporative cooling system for air condition and generator in LiBr/H2O absorption chillers for air conditioning those systems heat transfer rate can be improved by replacing a present heat exchanger with silicon carbide heat exchanger. This review presents a detailed discussion about processing technique of such a silicon carbide. Modern known processing techniques are partial sintering, direct foaming, replica, sacrificial template and bonding techniques. The full potential of these materials can be achieved when properties are directed over specified application. While eyeing over full potential it is highly dependent on processing techniques.

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Cui, Huiran, Feng Sun, Ke Chen y Jiansheng Wu. "Combined Effect of Co and W on Deformation Resistance of 12Cr Heat-Resistant Steel for USC Steam Turbines". Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20, n.º 9 (1 de enero de 2011): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9806-y.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Gas-turbines Heat resistant materials"

Peng, Wu Tseng. "Evaluation of ceramic candle filters degradation and damage location using four-point bending tests". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1105.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 85 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).

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Boldt, Paul Henry. "Room temperature indentation of molybdenum disilicide". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42836.pdf.

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Ibanez, Alejandro R. "Modeling creep behavior in a directionally solidified nickel base superalloy". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5353.

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Rockett, Chris H. "Flexural Testing of Molybdenum-Silicon-Boron Alloys Reacted from Molybdenum, Silicon Nitride, and Boron Nitride". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16293.

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MoSiB alloys show promise as the next-generation turbine blade material due to their high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance afforded by a protective borosilicate surface layer. Powder processing and reactive synthesis of these alloys has proven to be a viable method and offers several advantages over conventional melt processing routes. Microstructures obtained have well-dispersed intermetallics in a continuous matrix of molybdenum solid-solution (Mo-ss). However, bend testing of pure Mo and Mo-ss samples has shown that, while the powder processing route can produce ductile Mo metal, the hardening effect of Si and B in solid-solution renders the matrix brittle. Testing at elevated temperatures (200°C) was performed in order to determine the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the metal as an indication of ductility. Methods of ductilizing the Mo-ss matrix such as annealing and alloying additions have been investigated.

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Sharpe, Heather Joan. "Effect of Microstructure on High-Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Nickel-Base Superalloys for Turbine Disc Applications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16255.

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Engineers constantly seek advancements in the performance of aircraft and power generation engines, including, lower costs and emissions, and improved fuel efficiency. Nickel-base superalloys are the material of choice for turbine discs, which experience some of the highest temperatures and stresses in the engine. Engine performance is proportional to operating temperatures. Consequently, the high-temperature capabilities of disc materials limit the performance of gas-turbine engines. Therefore, any improvements to engine performance necessitate improved alloy performance. In order to take advantage of improvements in high-temperature capabilities through tailoring of alloy microstructure, the overall objectives of this work were to establish relationships between alloy processing and microstructure, and between microstructure and mechanical properties. In addition, the project aimed to demonstrate the applicability of neural network modeling to the field of Ni-base disc alloy development and behavior. A full program of heat-treatment, microstructural quantification, mechanical testing, and neural network modeling was successfully applied to next generation Ni-base disc alloys. Mechanical testing included hot tensile, hot hardness, creep deformation, creep crack growth, and fatigue crack growth. From this work the mechanisms of processing-structure and structure-property relationships were studied. Further, testing results were used to demonstrate the applicability of machine-learning techniques to the development and optimization of this family of superalloys.

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Quintero, Soltero Oscar. "Microstructural characterization of overaged GTD-111 HP turbine buckets". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Aygun, Aysegul. "Novel thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) that are resistant to high temperature attack by CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (CMAS) glassy deposits". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1221589661.

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Callender, Chad M. "Refractory metal to nickel-based alloy joining technologies for high temperature applications". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/CALLENDER_CHAD_35.pdf.

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Hong, Charles S. M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Improving the heat, fire, and melt resistance of elastomeric seals on military gas masks". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54549.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
Improvised Explosive Devices (IED's) have wreaked havoc amongst American and Coalition troops. They have been the number one killer of Coalition forces. Many times the impact knock out fuel tanks which then catch on fire, causing life threatening burn injuries. As a counter, the military unveiled new fire/melt resistant clothing. In the case of a chemically contaminated environment, the soldier will have to rely on a gas mask with an elastomeric seal that is not resistant to fire or melting. If a soldier is traveling in a vehicle with his or her gas mask on and gets hit by an IED, facial and eye bum injuries are very possible. New material must be found that can help prevent these injuries, particularly concerning the seal. The goal is to find the best combination of a suitable elastomer, curing agent, and filler that can give the soldier precious time to escape a burning vehicle. Various types of materials are discussed concerning thermal, other physical properties, cost, and relevant patents.
by Charles S. Hong.
M.Eng.

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Smith, Daniel J. "Rapid determination of temperature-dependent parameters for the crystal viscoplasticity model". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43670.

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Thermomechanical fatigue life prediction is important in the design of Ni-base superalloy components in gas turbine engines and requires a stress-strain analysis for accurate results. Crystal viscoplasticity models are an ideal tool for this stress-strain analysis of Ni-base superalloys as they can capture not only the anomalous yielding behavior, but also the non-Schmid effect, the strain rate dependence, and the temperature dependence of typically large grained directionally-solidified and single crystal alloys. However, the model is difficult to calibrate even for isothermal conditions because of the interdependencies between parameters meant to capture different but similar phenomena at different length scales, many tied to a particular slip system. The need for the capacity to predict the material response over a large temperature range, which is critical for the simulation of hot section gas turbine components, causes the determination of parameters to be even more difficult since some parameters are highly temperature dependent. Rapid parameter determination techniques are therefore needed for temperature-dependent parameterizations so that the effort needed to calibrate the model is reduced to a reasonable level. Specific parameter determination protocols are established for a crystal viscoplasticity model implemented in ABAQUS through a user material subroutine. Parameters are grouped to reduce interdependencies and a hierarchical path through the groups and the parameters within each group is established. This dual level hierarchy creates a logical path for parameter determination which further reduces the interdependencies between parameters, allowing for rapid parameter determination. Next, experiments and protocols are established to rapidly provide data for calibration of the temperature-dependencies of the viscoplasticity. The amount of data needed to calibrate the crystal viscoplasticity model over a wide temperature range is excessively large due to the number of parameters that it contains which causes the amount of time spent in the experimentation phase of parameter determination to be excessively large. To avoid this lengthy experimentation phase each experiment is designed to contain as much relevant data as possible. This is accomplished through the inclusion of multiple strain rates in each experiment with strain ranges sufficiently large to clearly capture the inelastic response. The experimental and parameter determination protocols were exercised by calibrating the model to the directionally-solidified Ni-bas superalloy DS-CM247LC. The resulting calibration describes the material's behavior in multiple loading orientations and over a wide temperature range of 20 °C to 1050 °C. Several parametric studies illustrate the utility of the calibrated model.

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Libros sobre el tema "Gas-turbines Heat resistant materials"

Majerus, Patrick. Neue Verfahren zur Analyse des Verformungs- und Schädigungsverhaltens von MCrAlY-Schichten im Wärmedämmschichtsystem. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, 2004.

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Vassen, Robert. Entwicklung neuer oxidischer Wärmedämmschichten für Anwendungen in stationären und Flug-Gasturbinen. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, 2004.

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Grossmann, Berthold von. Mikrostrukturelle Bestimmung der lokalen Belastung in einkristallinen Turbinenschaufeln aus Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen. Aachen: Shaker, 1998.

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Coatings for high-temperature structural materials: Trends and opportunities. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1996.

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Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop (1995 NASA Lewis Research Center). Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop: Proceedings of a conference held at and sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center and cosponsored by DOE and NIST, Cleveland, Ohio, March 27-29, 1995. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1995.

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High temperature alloys for gas turbines and other applications, 1986: Proceedings of a conference held in Liège, Belgium, 6-9 October 1986. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1986.

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E, Bachelet, ed. High temperature materials for power engineering, 1990: Proceedings of a conference held in Liège, Belgium, 24-27 September 1990. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Basic Studies In The Field Of High Temperature Engineering: Third Information Exchange Meeting: Ibaraki-ken, Japan , 11-12 September 2003 (Nuclear Science). Organization for Economic Cooperation & Devel, 2004.

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David, Nathenson, Prakash Vikas y NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Modeling of high-strain-rate deformation, fracture, and impact behavior of advanced gas turbine engine materials at low and elevated temperatures. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Gas-turbines Heat resistant materials"

Zhao, Qinxin, Zhiyuan Liang y Weiwei Jiang. "Studies on High Temperature Corrosion of Austenitic Heat-resistant Steels Super 304H/10Cr18Ni9Cu3NbN in Simulated and Real Combustion Gas Atmospheres". En Energy Materials 2014, 243–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48765-6_27.

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Zhao, Qinxin, Zhiyuan Liang y Weiwei Jiang. "Studies on High Temperature Corrosion of Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels Super 304H/10Cr18Ni9Cu3NbN in Simulated and Real Combustion Gas Atmospheres". En Energy Materials 2014, 243–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119027973.ch27.

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Shmotin, Yuriy, Alexander Logunov, Denis Danilov y Igor Leshchenko. "Development of Economically Doped Heat-Resistant Nickel Single-Crystal Superalloys for Blades of Perspective Gas Turbine Engines". En Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 327–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_40.

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Ito, Yoshiyasu. "Heat-Resistant Coating Technology for Gas Turbines". En Handbook of Advanced Ceramics, 789–806. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385469-8.00043-5.

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Boonkerd, Kanoktip. "Development and Modification of Natural Rubber for Advanced Application". En Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability, 44–76. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1971-3.ch003.

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Although natural rubber is a challenging elastomeric material for both dynamic and static engineering applications, there are some inherent drawbacks such as the poor oxygen, ozone, oil and heat resistance and also the low compatibility with the polar materials. To loosen these inferior properties and also to transform natural rubber into new polymeric materials, natural rubber needs to be either chemically or physically modified. Moreover, to make natural rubber become a promising elastomeric material for the advanced application, the development of natural rubber with the superior mechanical strength, the low gas permeability or the high conductivity is recently focused. And these can be done by reinforcing natural rubber with nanofillers. This chapter presents a broad review on the recent research and development of natural rubber including the modification of natural rubber and the preparation of various natural rubber nanocomposites for advanced application.

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Magee, Patrick y Mark Tooley. "Environmental Safety". En The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0032.

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For these to occur, there is a need for combustible material, oxygen and a source of ignition. The risk of these being present results from the use of high oxygen partial pressures and the use of inflammable anaesthetic agents or other inflammable materials. If the pressure of any gas is increased, heat is liberated. If the gas is oxygen and this comes into contact with something flammable like oil or grease in a confined space, the heat liberated may cause an explosion. Hence oil or grease should be kept well away from pressurised oxygen sources. These include not only oxygen, but pressurised air and pressurised nitrous oxide, which can dissociate into nitrogen and oxygen. Although modern anaesthetic volatile agents are non-flammable, ether and cyclopropane are flammable and may still be used in some parts of the world. Ethyl chloride, used to test sensory perception in local anaesthetic blocks and methyl alcohol for cleaning skin, are also flammable. Ignition sources include sparks from static electricity, or faulty electrical apparatus from the diathermy machine or from mains plugs sparking when disconnected. To prevent static electricity causing ignition, not only should efforts be made to minimise the generation of static electricity, but also to discharge any static slowly to earth. There should therefore be an upper and a lower limit to the electrical resistance between the antistatic floor and earth, of between 5MΩ and 20 kΩ respectively. All equipment capable of generating static electricity should make electrical contact with the floor through a medium made of antistatic (conducting) rubber. Staff footwear should also have antistatic rubber soles and the tubing of breathing systems should also be made of antistatic material. Classification of anaesthetic proof equipment is based on the ignition energy required to ignite the most flammable mixture of ether and air. ‘AP’ standard equipment can be used between 5 and 25 cm from such an inflammable anaesthetic gas mixture escaping from a breathing system; furthermore its temperature should not exceed 200◦C. ‘APG’ standard is a more stringent one for anaesthetic proof equipment; it is based on the ignition energy required to ignite the most flammable mixture of ether and oxygen, which should be less than 1 μJ.

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Petrova, Zhanna y Yurii Sniezhkin. "FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF DEHYDRATION OF FUNCTIONAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS". En Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-38.

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Given the general trend of energy consumption, which leads to an increase in the amount of energy consumed worldwide, the cost of this energy is constantly increasing and its deficit is growing. Therefore, it is important to solve the problem of creating and large-scale implementation of modern energy-efficient heat technologies that reduce energy. This is especially true for providing the population to food, as an additional complication is that the production and processing of agricultural raw materials occurs in conditions of increased consumption of gas and other energy sources with low coefficient of performance and high losses of raw materials during processing. Food and nutrition play a leading role in everyone's life, no matter how we treat it. Nutrition is a key moment in the life of every living organism. Functional foods have evolved as a separate category and are not always considered as dietary supplements. Functional food products (FFP) are the products influencing a functional condition of an organism for the purpose of its increase - resistance, working capacity, prolongation of life. Although the definitions of functional products are different, they are basically ordinary foods and beverages, but enriched with a functional component - a nutrient that plays a special physiological role in the body, has a positive effect on human health. The purpose of the paper is a theoretical and experimental substantiation of complex and efficient processing of vegetable raw materials, creation of energy-efficient heat technology of agricultural raw materials processing in order to obtain functional products with maximum preservation of biologically active substances. In this work, 4 groups of functional foods were studied (according to the classification of the main plant functional ingredients of Doctor of Technical Sciences Petrova Zh.O.) - these are antioxidants, phytoestrogens, folates, prebiotics. An important point is to increase energy efficiency with maximum preservation of functional ingredients of raw materials. Preliminary preparation of raw materials for drying was developed and researched, optimal dehydration regime parameters were selected, which allow to reduce energy consumption for the process and to keep BAS for each group of functional raw materials at a high level. Since the increase in energy costs for drying is associated with the difficulty of removing moisture from plant material, it was important to investigate changes in the specific heat of evaporation of water from functional compositions. The conducted experimental researches confirmed the theoretical assumption of dependence of specific heat of evaporation of water from parenchymal fabrics of plants on composite components of raw materials. The obtained results allow to state that at correctly picked up compositions they not only stabilize components of native raw materials, but also there is an intensification of drying process with reduction of energy consumption on process. The duration of the drying process of functional raw materials on the experimental convective stand was calculated by the method of Krasnikov V.V. The estimated drying durations of functional raw materials and drying rates are determined. The kinetics of heat exchange was studied with the determination of the specific heat flux density and the Rebinder number, which proves the efficiency of the introduction of step drying regimes.

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ZVBZDIN, Y. I., E. L. KATS, Y. V. KOTOV, V. P. LUBENETS, E. V. SPIRIDONOV y M. L. KONTER. "NEW CORROSION-RESISTANT NICKEL-BASE SUPER-ALLOYS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF CASTING GAS TURBINES PARTS WITH DIRECTIONAL SINGLE CRYSTAL AND REGULABLE EQUIAXIAL MINIMIZED MICROPOROSITY STRUCTURE". En Mechanical Behaviour of Materials VI, 111–16. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037890-9.50137-x.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Gas-turbines Heat resistant materials"

Day, J. Paul. "A Rotary Heat Exchanger for Automotive and Other Ground Based Gas Turbines". En ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-124.

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This paper discusses the ongoing development of a ceramic regenerator for a high temperature automotive gas turbine engine sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. The ceramic gas turbine has a steady state gas inlet temperature of 774°C and a 982°C peak acceleration temperature which precludes the use of metallic discs. Ceramic materials have successfully operated to 982°C, with a peak acceleration temperature exceeding 1093°C. Ceramic regenerator temperature capability is currently limited by seal tribomaterial properties. The requirements of the ceramic regenerator, ceramic disc materials being evaluated, and the processing of these materials to obtain the required strength, chemical resistance, cost, including quality control are discussed. The status of the extruded regenerator program to date will also be described.

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Rakowski, James M., Charles P. Stinner, Mark Lipschutz y J. Preston Montague. "Environmental Degradation of Heat-Resistant Alloys During Exposure to Simulated and Actual Gas Turbine Recuperator Environments". En ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51336.

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Primary surface recuperators (PSR’s) for land-based industrial gas turbines are typically constructed from heat-resistant alloys such as nickel-base superalloys or highly-alloyed austenitic stainless steels. The water vapor present in gas turbine exhaust has been shown to increase the rate of chromium oxide volatility, which in turn can cause rapid oxidation of the underlying metal. As PSR’s are generally fabricated from thin foil materials, excessive degradation can cause perforation, leading to failure of components. The results of a field test program will be summarized, based on analysis of recuperator stand-in components which were exposed to a full-flow exhaust stream during gas turbine operation for times ranging from 500 hours to 21,500 hours. A significant effect of service on the materials of construction was observed, with near-surface chromium depletion and microstructural instability evident after the longest exposures. These results will be combined with those from an extensive laboratory test program to evaluate the performance of heat-resistant alloys during recuperator service, outlining the different modes of degradation and means for their mitigation.

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Rakowski, James M., Charles P. Stinner, Mark Lipschutz y J. Preston Montague. "Environmental Degradation of Heat-Resistant Alloys During Exposure to Simulated and Actual Gas Turbine Recuperator Environments". En ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27949.

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Primary surface recuperators (PSR’s) for land-based industrial gas turbines are typically constructed from heat-resistant alloys such as austenitic stainless steels or nickel-base superalloys. The water vapor present in gas turbine exhaust has been shown to increase the rate of chromium oxide volatility, which in turn can cause rapid oxidation of the underlying metal. As PSR’s are generally fabricated from thin foil materials, excessive degradation can cause perforation, leading to failure of components. The results of an extensive laboratory test program to characterize the performance of heat-resistant alloys will be summarized, outlining the different modes of attack and means for their mitigation. These results will be compared to an investigation carried out using sub-size recuperator components which were exposed to a full-flow exhaust stream during gas turbine operation for times ranging from a few weeks to over one year.

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Luckow, Patrick, Avram Bar-Cohen, Peter Rodgers y Juan Cevallos. "Energy Efficient Polymers for Gas-Liquid Heat Exchangers". En ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54267.

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The present study explores the thermofluid characteristics of a seawater-methane heat exchanger that could be used in the liquefaction of natural gas on offshore platforms. The compression process generates large amounts of heat, usually dissipated via plate heat exchangers using seawater as a convenient cooling fluid. Such an application mandates the use of a corrosion resistant material. Metals such as titanium, expensive in terms of both energy and currency, are a common choice. The “total coefficient of performance,” or COPT, which incorporates the energy required to manufacture a heat exchanger along with the pumping power expended over the lifetime of the heat exchanger, is used to compare conventional metallic materials to thermally conductive polymers. The results reveal that heat exchangers fabricated of low energy, low thermal conductivity polymers can perform as well as, or better than, those fabricated of conventional materials, over the full lifecycle of the heat exchanger. Analysis of a prototypical seawater-methane heat exchanger, built from a thermally conductive polymer, suggests that a COPT nearly double that of aluminum, and more than ten times that of titanium, could be achieved.

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Sudarev, A. V., A. A. Suryaninov, B. V. Sudarev y V. G. Konakov. "Development of High Temperature Gas Turbine Matrix Microrecuperator Made of Laser Sintered Ceramic and Metal Structural Materials". En ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68320.

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Analysis of trends in the development of small gas turbine engines (GTE) has shown that a significant increase in the parameters of the working media required to increase their efficiency and competitiveness in the energy market is limited by the reduced efficiency of small size blading of compressors and turbines [1]. Structural ceramic materials (SCMs), which has high heat resistance and relatively low density, allows development of light-weight and compact heat exchangers for regeneration of heat in the GTE’s which are suitable for continuous operation at the gas temperatures above 1000°C [2]. A design of the heat exchange surface for a countercurrent regenerative AH with a matrix consisting of coaxial cylindrical shells, each of which is made of heat elements (HE) in the form of circular perforated plates of equal width and different diameters, is proposed. The shells are embedded in one another and form a cylindrical matrix with longitudinal channels of circular (air) and semicircular (gas) cross sections. The AH matrix in the area with the gas temperature over 650°C is made of SMC, while within a zone with lower temperature operation it is made of the heat-resistant alloy. The AH metal matrix model was tested with various coolants in model paths: “air-water”, “water-air” and “air-to-air.” The experimental results confirmed the data of the thermal-engineering calculations. Such a sintered heat exchanger was designed for microGTE of 2 kW. At the present time it is being fabricated. Bench tests are scheduled for September-November 2012.

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Cheruvu, N. S. "Development of a Corrosion Resistant Directionally Solidified Material for Land Based Turbine Blades". En ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-425.

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Advanced turbines with improved efficiency require materials that can operate at higher temperatures. Availability of these materials would minimize cooling flow requirements and thus, improve the efficiency of a turbine. Advanced processing such as directional solidification (DS), can improve temperature capability of the majority of Ni based superalloys. However, results of earlier work on IN-738 reveal that the DS process does not significantly improve temperature capability of this alloy. A research program was initiated to develop a corrosion resistant Ni-based DS blade material for land-based turbines. In this program, eight heats with varied Cr, Al, Ti, Ta, and W contents were selected for evaluation. Screening tests performed on these heats in the DS condition include tensile, creep, and corrosion. The results of experimental heats were compared with those of IN-738 in the equiaxed condition. From these results, two chemistries offering approximately 100°F temperature advantage at typical row 1 turbine blade operating stress, were selected for castability and further mechanical property evaluation. Several row 1 solid and cored turbine blades were successfully cast. The blades were evaluated for grain structure and mechanical properties. Tests were also conducted to evaluate the effects of withdrawal rates on properties. These results are summarized in this paper.

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Erickson, G. L. "Corrosion Resistant Single Crystal Superalloys for Industrial Gas Turbine Application". En ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-426.

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Two different, non-Re containing single crystal (SX) superalloys are defined primarily for industrial turbine application. The alloys, CMSX®-11B and CMSX-®-11C, contain respective chromium levels of about 12.5% and 14.5%. Both materials develop unique and extremely good blends of hot corrosion and oxidation resistance. They exhibit extremely good testability, employ relatively simple solution heat treatments and provide creep strength which is as good or better in comparison to other first generation SX materials such as CMSX-2/3, PWA 1480 and René N4. Moreover, at certain engine-pertinent temperature/stress conditions, and particularly in long-term tests (greater than 1,000 hours duration), the alloys appear to exhibit density corrected rupture strengths which are similar or better than CMSX-4® and other second generation SX casting superalloys.

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Soehngen, J. "A New Analytical Model for Interpreting the Wear Mechanisms of Abradable Seal Systems and Verification by Testing". En ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-331.

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In order to minimize the specific fuel consumption of gas turbines it is necessary to increase the gas temperatures and pressure ratios. Therefore, new high-temperature resistant abradable seal systems must be developed, especially for the hot section. Since the required operating temperatures are above 1050°C, the use of metallic materials as abradables is out of the question. A problem commonly encountered in the selection of new (ceramic) materials for seal systems is that of insufficient knowledge of the tribological process occurring when turbine blades rub against an abradable seal. The purpose of the investigation was to find a simplified analytical model to describe the tribological process occurring in the rubbing of the blades against the seal, in order to help in the preselection of materials for abradable seals. The model was verified by testing high-temperature resistant abradable seals under simulated engine conditions, followed by metallurgical examination. The results of the examination of two abradable seals on run engine components confirmed the analytical prediction and laboratory tests. The differences in material loss from the blade and the abradable seal can be correlated to the heat flux distribution in the sliding parts. Using different materials on the blade tip and stationary seal (e.g. ceramic blade tip and ceramic or metallic abradable seal), the heat flux can be directed in such a way that the wear takes place largely on the static part of the engine. By calculating their relative abradability, material combinations with optimum performance for each seal application can be found.

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Rakowski, James M., Charles P. Stinner, David S. Bergstrom, Mark Lipschutz y J. Preston Montague. "Performance of Oxidation and Creep Resistant Alloys for Primary Surface Recuperators for the Mercury 50 Gas Turbine". En ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68313.

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Recuperation is a means for increasing the efficiency of a simple-cycle gas turbine, allowing for heat transfer between the exhaust and compressor discharge gas streams to occur in a highly efficient, relatively compact package. The primary surface recuperator operates at high temperatures and gas pressures and is constructed from thin metal sections, presenting challenges for high temperature materials selection. This paper discusses a joint Solar Turbines-ATI Allegheny Ludlum project which was undertaken to address the issue of elevated temperature attack in the presence of high levels of water vapor and its relevance to alloys intended for use in primary surface recuperators. An overview of the alloy selection process will be presented, followed by a detailed study of the two most promising alloy candidates. Breakaway oxidation was mitigated by using alloys with higher nickel and chromium content, and oxide scale evaporation was controlled with selected minor element additions.

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Chai, Guocai, Johan Hernblom, Keith Hottle, Urban Forsberg y Timo Peltola. "Long Term Performance of Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Stainless Steel Grade UNS S31035". En ASME 2014 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etam2014-1004.

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UNS S31035 austenitic stainless steel grade is a newly developed advanced heat resistant material for use in coal fired boilers at material temperatures up to 700°C. This new grade that has recently obtained two AMSE code cases shows good resistance to steam oxidation and flue gas corrosion and higher creep rupture strength than other austenitic stainless steels available today. This paper will mainly focus on the characterization of long term structure stability and performances such as the creep behaviors at different temperatures for up to 86 000 hours and low cycle fatigue behaviors at high temperatures. The creep and fatigue damage mechanisms were studied using electron transmission microscopy and electron channeling contrast image analysis. The testing results were discussed combining with the safety and structure reliability of the material in 700°C power plants. The material is an excellent alternative for superheaters and reheaters in future high-efficient coal fired boilers. Paper published with permission.

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