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1
Haywood, Sacha. "Physiological determination of clutch-size in birds". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305398.
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Sempere, Linares Francisca. "Gender manipulation in the (re)writing of The Thorn Birds". Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420473.
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Lissenburgh, Stephen. "Occupational gender segregation and wage determination". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360001.
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Buckley, Amma. "Persecution complex : women, gender and refugee determination in Australia /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16981.pdf.
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Colόn, Crespo Lauren J. "Determination of Human Scent Biomarkers for Race, Ethnicity and Gender". FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2442.
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Human scent has been the focal point of diverse scientific interests and research initiatives for the past several years. The knowledge gained about its composition has favored the advancement of multiple disciplines, and promoted the development of a wide variety of applications. Among these applications is the use of human scent as a resource for Forensic investigations, where scent profiles are often used as evidence to associate individuals to the scene of a crime. The characteristic nature of individual human scent has enabled this type of evidence to be used as a biometric tool for the differentiation of subjects. Nevertheless, the present study discusses a new perspective towards human scent's role and application in Forensic investigations. The foundation of this new perspective consists of employing human scent’s biometric quality to classify individuals using common traits.
In this research study, underarm and hand odor samples were collected from Caucasian, Hispanic and East Asian individuals, of both genders. Subjects were also organized into 3 different age groups: 18-30, 35-50 and 55+ years. Headspace Solid Phase Micro-extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to create individual scent profiles for the evaluation of subject classification by age, gender and race/ethnicity. Individual classification was assessed through the identification of qualitative and quantitative patterns in the volatile organic compound (VOC) constituents that characterize human scent. Principal Component and Linear Discriminant analyses of the collected scent profiles, led to the identification and validation of characteristic VOC marker combinations for age, gender and race/ethnicity. Statistical analysis facilitated group classification and differentiation on the basis of these traits. Moreover, this study also evaluated the use of solvent extraction as a complementary technique to HS-SPME for human scent analysis. Findings from this assessment revealed that the simultaneous consideration of data from both extraction techniques favors an enhancement of the classification of subjects by means of human scent.
The discoveries achieved in this study represent a significant step for human scent as a forensic tool. The outcome of this research has cleared a new path for further human scent investigation, and highlighted its further relevance to forensic applications.
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Sibley, Helen. "The role of birds and feathers in Aztec art and society : valuables, transformation and gender". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405719.
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Hansen, Marion. "Birds of a feather flock together race versus gender preference in the South African workplace". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5864.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Social Identity Theory proposes that individuals derive part of their identity and their social identity, through their membership in social groups. In order to derive a positive social identity, they attempt to compare themselves more favourably in comparison to members of groups they do not belong to, which may at times leads to discrimination against out-group members. Due to South Africa‟s history of race- and gender-based oppression, it is likely that race and gender are two particularly salient group memberships and that gender- and racebased discrimination are thus particularly prominent. Research has shown that discrimination in the workplace has negative effects, which result in reduced productivity as well as reduced employee engagement and wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which employees show a preference for co-workers from their own gender and racial groups and to establish whether their racial or gender bias is stronger.
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Beresford, Sarah. "The control and determination of gender and sexual identity in law". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250601.
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Jentsch, Birgit E. "Grounds of earnings determination in the new Hungary : the gender dimension". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21328.
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This research dealt with considerations which have underlain the determination of earnings in post-socialist Hungary, as well as policy-makers' opinions on criteria which ought to influence the pay distribution. The focus was thereby on the value positions adopted, and on their likely consequences for gender inequality in pay. The main method used to elicit these norms was interviews with management and trade union representatives of the 'light' and the 'heavy' industry. The interview schedule and data analysis were informed by various theoretical approaches to earnings disparities. Theoretical propositions commonly advanced in economic and sociological literature dealing with gender inequalities in employment were covered; and principles which may influence decisions on a particular distribution of earnings were identified and included. The data collected on this basis required some insight into the nature of industrial relations in Hungary's past and present. This facilitated a better understanding of the particular views advanced by trade unionists and management. The study revealed that few signs existed of any overt and systematic devaluation of women's skills and qualifications. However, the wish to adhere to 'traditional arrangements' in the distribution of jobs and earnings proved a central theme. This coincided with an explicit or implicit approval of the (male) breadwinner model; with the proposed ideal of a primarily domestic role for women; and with particular ways in which job aspects often found in men's and women's work were evaluated, and compensated for. Inferences from our data were made for some aspects of the identified principles of earnings determination: in the light of the data, the specific experiences of women due to their different working conditions and their double-role were found to have been neglected by these principles, which claim to provide generally applicable grounds for the determination of earnings levels. Suggestions were made about the issues which the principles would have to incorporate in order to remove their gender bias.
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Al-Qattan, Sahib Issa. "Age at death and gender determination of Kuwaiti individuals from dentine". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22233.
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Estimation of age at death from dentine from upper first premolar teeth using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the separation of D- and L- forms of aspartic acid in minute quantities of dentine has been successfully established in Kuwait and is sensitive enough for practical use. The method was shown to be accurate to +/- 1.2 years. The affect upon racemization of aspartic acid in teeth buried at depths of 0.5M and 2.0M over a 10 month period demonstrated that in desert conditions in the Middle East racemization continued providing results less constant than in teeth not buried. A standard error of +/- 2.3 years was obtained for teeth buried at 0.5M and +/- 3.0 years at 2.0M. The D/L ration was significantly different between buried and not buried teeth. These results demonstrated continued postmortem racemization in the warm soil and the modification of the racemization rate is discussed in the context of prolonged exposure to body temperature, relatively high pH and low humidity. The findings are important since estimation of the age of an unknown body recovered from the desert must now take into consideration temperature, pH, soil humidity at the burial depth (as measured at the site) and also the length of time for which the teeth may have been buried. Further studies now require to be undertaken in conditions where the soil and climate are very different in order that the results of racemization estimates world wide can be interpreted accurately. The trace element experiments while demonstrating an accumulation of most elements with time did not provide reliable information about the age of the subject at the time of death. The variables and problems concerned are discussed in detail. Although through using both racemization and trace element methods it was possible to indicate a probability of gender in any tooth examined the degree of accuracy proved to be poor and it is anticipated that DNA analysis will be much more useful. The future role for tooth pulps in DNA identification is briefly discussed.
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Cunningham, Heather V. "Determination of linkage and degree of relatedness in a captive population of American kestrels using DNA fingerprinting". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22855.
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DNA fingerprinting was used to assess levels of genetic variation within the captive colony of pedigreed American kestrels (Falco sparverius) which have been maintained for over twenty years at the Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University. Several instances of apparent linkage and allelism were observed. The high probability of fortuitous co-segregation of parental bands as if linked or allelic resulting from the small number of offspring was most likely responsible. Otherwise, the kestrel fingerprints displayed germ-line stability and high levels of heterozygosity characteristic of other species. A positive linear and quasi-linear relationship was found between pedigree-based and DNA fingerprint-based relatedness coefficients. High levels of genetic variation and minimal inbreeding were detected via genetic analyses. Genetic similarity coefficients between colony-bred and free-ranging American kestrels were not significantly different (P $>$ 0.5), indicating minimal genetic drift within the colony. Managed mating combined with immigration of new members into the breeding pool can maintain genetic diversity within a captive population of 200 to 300 American kestrels for a long term management scale. The captive-bred kestrel population can be fully exploited for general research, management and care techniques and as a genetic and demographic reservoir.
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Usieta, Hope Ovie. "Intensification of West African agriculture : socioeconomic drivers, gender-influenced patterns and implications for bird conservation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709456.
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Fridolfsson, Anna-Karin. "Evolutionary studies of sex chromosome linked genes and male-biased mutation in birds /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5740-8.pdf.
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McLaurin, Natalie H. "You are a Weird Bird". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1932.
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How a person is treated because of their gender is potentially very frustrating. I use bird plumage patterns to illustrate humans as animals and idioms in language to illustrate these ideas.
The artworks by Natalie McLaurin mentioned in the paper are You didn’t see me, Untitled. Nancy Horne, Don’t be such a Nostradamus Wild Beast, Don’t be such a Nostradamus Man Beast, Don’t be such a Nostradamus Air Beast, Don’t be such a Nostradamus Domesticated Beast, Ballet Lessons, Throwing a Fit and Falling in it, Gravel Kick, Cocksure, Peckerhead, Mockery, Naked as a Jaybird, Naked as a Jaybird too, Naked as a Jaybird as well,Tennessee Trash, Tennessee Trash State Animal, the Raccoon, Beard Measuring Contest, Cockery Mockery, He needs me, Chaka Kahn thinks she is the mocking bird of babes, Territorial Peckerhead, Tennessee, Territorial Peckerhead, Bed-Stuy, and Territorial Peckerhead, 7th Ward.
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Hinkson, Heather A. (Heather Antonia). "Canadian refugee policy : international developments and debates on the role of gender in refugee determination procedures". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23843.
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Through the evolution of international human rights law and policy, gender has become a prohibited ground for persecution. However the international definition of a refugee contained in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees does not explicitly include gender as an enumerated ground on which persecution can be feared. This omission has required women who fear gender-based persecution to use the Convention's "membership in a particular social group" provision. Traditionally, judicial interpretation of criteria establishing a "particular social group" was not consistent in cases alleging gender-based persecution. In 1993, Canada developed guidelines that attempt to establish a coherent and consistent application of the "particular social group" category. This represents a state policy initiative to recognize the international evolution of policy on gender as a basis for persecution. Although the guidelines challenge theories of state sovereignty in the design and execution of domestic policy, they demonstrate that a coherent and consistent framework for granting asylum status to women who fear gender-based persecution can be developed in such policy.
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Garrett, Barbara A. "Improving transition domains by examining self-determination proficiency among gender and race of secondary adolescents with specific learning disabilities". Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6819.
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Doctor of PhilosophyCurriculum and Instruction Programs
John A. Hortin
Secondary adolescents with disabilities (AWD) have been mandated participants in their Individual Education Plan (IEP) and Individual Transition Plan (ITP) meetings since 1990, yet overprotective and well-meaning adults have assumed their advocacy role (Janiga & Costenbader, 2002). This has weakened their (secondary AWD) ability to become self-determined. Secondary AWD should be involved with the development, implementation and execution of services and supports in their IEP/ITP in order to benefit from their participation in general education as well as develop self-determination skills. To improve transition outcomes, this study examined self-determination and socio-cultural factors (race/ethnic and gender groups) among secondary adolescents with disabilities by differentiating baseline skills among race and gender groups. The two independent variables were race/ethnicity and gender. The dependent variables were the self-determination total score and each of four domain total scores (Autonomy, Self-Regulation, Psychological Empowerment, and Self-Realization) of the Arc’s Self-Determination Scale. The literature revealed that there was not a standard for self-determination training programs for students with disabilities and teachers (Brunello-Prudencio, 2001). However, empirical data has emphasized that socio-cultural development (i.e. gender and race) could impact self-determination. Understanding the socio-cultural perspective of race/ethnicity and gender on self-determination has the potential to improve transition practices as well as highlight the importance for self-determination (Trainor, 2005). This study utilized information from the Arc’s Self-Determination Scale (Wehmeyer & Kelchner, 1995) score of secondary adolescents with disabilities to determine whether differences existed among race/ethnic and gender groups. Research findings from this study indicated significant differences in total scores among race/ethnic groups for: (1) the autonomy domain (the ability to express personal preferences or beliefs); (2) self-determination; and (3) there was no significant difference for gender on either domain score or self-determination total scores. This research revealed that a self-determination assessment instrument could be used to isolate essential abilities and behaviors by gender and race for secondary adolescents with disabilities. To promote positive outcomes among deficit areas of self-determination for secondary adolescents with disabilities, this researcher recommended differentiated strategies for educational practitioners. Differentiated strategies could focus on collaborative learning communities, experiential learning options, and reduced emphasis on competitive learning environments.
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Zeringue, Megan M. "Parenting Style and Adolescent Gender as Moderators of the Association between Parental Restrictions and Adolescents' Risky Driving". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2285.
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Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of teenage deaths in the United States, highlighting the need for ways to reduce teenage driver crash rates. Adolescents (n = 176, M age = 16.4 years, 53% female) and their parents (n = 204, 71% mothers) self-reported on parenting style, driving restrictions, and risky driving. Results showed that more parental restrictions were associated with less adolescent risky driving. Three-way interactions were found such that more restrictions were associated with less concurrent risky driving in boys only under conditions of high parental warmth, structure, or autonomy support. Parenting style generally did not moderate the association for girls, although more restrictions were associated with less risky driving one year later for girls only in the context of low autonomy support. Findings are discussed in terms of how parenting may differentially affect risky driving as a form of risk-taking versus risky driving stemming from inexperience.
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Galgauskas, Saulius. "The determination of the central corneal thickness of the Lithuanian population and its dependence on age, gender and body constitution". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111102_111028-08585.
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Cornea is a part of the optical system of the eye, the condition of which is directly related with the eyesight and its quality. Due to the increasing popularity of the correction of refraction defects with the help of excimer laser, central cornea thickness acquires higher prognostic significance for the determination of the success of the operation and probable post-surgical complications. The objective of the survey is to measure the central corneal thickness of adult residents in Lithuania and the relevant factors having impact on it. In total 1650 residents of Lithuania in the age from 18 to 89 years of age were tested. The survey was carried out in the urban and regional primary health care institutions of the 10 counties of Lithuania and at the Centre of Eye Diseases of the Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių klinikos. The average central corneal thickness of men and women in Lithuania was defined in the survey. It was observed that central corneal thickness is neither conditioned by the gender, height or weight of an individual, nor by the eye refraction or the number and the size of corneal endothelia cells. The thickest cornea was observed in persons under 40 years of age, whereas it becomes thinner each decade from 2 to 8 µm after forty. It was identified in the survey that the thicker the cornea is - the smaller is its curvature. On the basis of the survey a table of central corneal thickness was developed for doctors ophthalmologists to be used in their... [to full text]Ragena – tai akies optinės sistemos dalis, nuo kurios būklės tiesiogiai priklauso regėjimas ir jo kokybė. Populiarėjant refrakcijos ydų korekcijai eksimeriniu lazeriu, ragenos centrinės dalies storis turi vis didesnę prognostinę reikšmę operacijos sėkmės bei pooperacinių komplikacijų galimybės nustatymui. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti Lietuvos suaugusių gyventojų ragenos centrinės dalies storį bei jį veikiančius veiksnius. Ištirta 1650 Lietuvos gyventojų nuo 18 iki 89 metų amžiaus.Tyrimas vykdytas 10 Lietuvos apskričių miestų ir rajonų pirminėse sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose, bei VUL Santariškių klinikos Akių ligų centre. Tyrimo metu nustatytas Lietuvoje gyvenančių vyrų ir moterų vidutinis ragenos centrinės dalies storis. Nustatyta, kad ragenos centrinės dalies storis nepriklauso nuo žmogaus lyties, ūgio, svorio, bei akių refrakcijos ir ragenos endotelio ląstelių skaičiaus ir dydžio. Storiausia ragena nustatoma iki 40 metų amžiaus, vyresniems nei 40 metų ji plonėja kas dešimtmetį nuo 2 iki 8 µm. Nustatyta, kad kuo storesnė ragena, tuo jos gaubtumas yra mažesnis. Tyrimo pagrindu sukurta skirtingo amžiaus žmonių ragenos centrinės dalies storio lentelė, kuria savo praktiniame darbe galės naudotis visi gydytojai oftalmologai.
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Örjes, Elin. "Studiemotivation hos studenter : Demografiska faktorers betydelse". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27638.
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Motivation är en betydelsefull kompontent för en individs utövande utav studier. Studien utgick ifrån motivationsteorin Self- determination theory. Syftet med studien var att redogöra för relationen mellan högskolestudenters demografiska faktorer och vilken typ av motivation som driver dem till att utöva studier, samt relationen mellan motivationstyperna. Med typ av motivation avses amotivation, inre samt yttre motivation. Studien bestod utav 102 studenter, varav 49 män och 53 kvinnor, från en högskola i mellersta Sverige som fick besvara enkäten The Academic Motivation Scale. Studiens resultat visade bland annat att kvinnliga studenter hade en högre nivå utav yttre motivation än manliga studenter. Resultatet visade inga könsskillnader inom inre motivation och amotivation. Resultatet påvisade även att studenter som hade en högre nivå utav yttre motivation samtidigt hade en högre nivå utav inre motivation. Förslag på framtida forskning inom området är att fokusera på studenter inom andra typer av utbildningar och utbildningsnivåer.
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Abdellatif, Abdelhady. "Sexual dimorphism by measuring the mesiodistal width of the permanent maxillary and mandibular canine in a sample of the South African population in the Northern Suburb of Cape Town". University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7535.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Human identification is one of the major responsibilities in the field of Forensic Odontology as it plays a role in identifying deceased individuals using their oral and dental structures. Furthermore, human identification could be a challenging procedure in catastrophic disasters and mass fatality incidents in terms of decomposed and skeletonized human remains. Identification process can be applied using different methods such as fingerprint, DNA and detention. Gender-determination of the victim facilitates reconstruction and rebuilding in the profiling of a medico-legal case investigation. Gender-determination facilitates the procedure up to 50% for positive identification. Anthropology studies have shown that the sexual dimorphism of skeletal remains and teeth can facilitate the identification process. However, teeth are the hardest structures in the human body and virtually immortal as they can withstand diverse circumstances This study aimed to investigate sexual dimorphism of teeth by measuring the mesiodistal width of the maxillary and mandibular permanent canines in a sample of the South African population living in Cape Town. Two hundred orthodontic study models were used, 50 males and 50 females, between 13-30 years of age.
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Högberg, Louise. "Kvinnor, män och allt däremellan : - En studie om osteologiska och arkeologiska könsbedömningar på fragmenterade skelett". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323530.
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The methods of sex determination through skeletons or through objects in graves has been used on and off since the nineteenth century. Most of the osteological methods are however developed on intact bones, and the archaeological method assume that jewelry is female associated and weapons are male associated. A tendency to choose the archaeological sex determination above the osteological sex determination can be spotted as well. The study examines how the osteological sex determination methods could be used on fragmented skeletal remains, and question the archaeological sex determination method with a gender perspective. This will be achieved by analyzing thirteen graves from a burial ground in Lekarehed, Lärbro parish (socken), Gotland. The skeletal remains were excavated in 1878 and 1951 and is dated to late Bronze age–early Iron age and the Viking age. The aim with this study is to get a deeper understanding of how the methods can be used, and to shed light on the stereotypical view on femininity and masculinity that exists. The aim is also to emphasize that the most important and most interesting information comes from the discussion of the problems that exist in these methods, and that the most important thing is not to decide what is feminine or masculine, or to choose one method in front of the other. The analysis resulted in one certain, four uncertain and eight graves without sex determination regarding the osteological method, and two certain, one uncertain and ten graves without sex determination regarding the archaeological method. In the discussion, the problems with putting the woman and the man as pairs of opposition is brought up, because it excludes the graves that cannot be put in one of these two categories. The objects in the graves can represent something other than sex as well, for instance age or status. The cooperation between the osteologist and the archaeologist is important for the knowledge to evolve and to carry on. By looking at the material in a new way, new insights will perhaps come forth.Denna uppsats handlar om hur det går att använda osteologiska och arkeologiska könsbedömningsmetoder på ett fragmenterat skelettmaterial. Metoderna som används för den osteologiska könsbedömningen är ofta, om inte alltid, utvecklade på intakta ben, och när det gäller fragmenterade ben blir könsbedömningen svårare att utföra. Den arkeologiska könsbedömningen är en könsbedömning gjord via föremålen i gravar och utgår kortfattat ifrån att vapen är manliga och smycken är kvinnliga. Den granskas här genom ett genusperspektiv som ifrågasätter synen på kvinnligt och manligt och hur de tankarna överförs till forntiden. Det finns också problematik i hur osteologin och arkeologin stämmer överens med varandra. För att undersöka problematiken har ett skelettmaterial på 13 gravar från ett gravfält i Lekarehed, Lärbro socken, Gotland analyserats. Resultatet för den osteologiska könsbedömningen blev en säker, fyra osäkra kön och åtta stycken utan könsbedömning. Resultatet för den arkeologiska könsbedömningen blev två säkra, en osäker och tio utan en könsbedömning. Slutsatserna i uppsatsen är att de osteologiska och arkeologiska könsbedömningsmetoderna blev problematiska. Den osteologiska på grund av de fragmenterade benen och svårigheter inom den morfologiska metoden. Den arkeologiska på grund av att det inte fanns könsindikerande föremål i många gravar och även på grund av vad vi sätter in i kvinnligt och manligt associerade föremål. Där både en osteologisk och en arkeologisk könsbedömning fanns, stämde de överens med varandra. Det betyder dock inte att de inte ska problematiseras, eftersom vi inte vet om forntidens människor tyckte att smycken var kvinnliga och vapen var manliga. Vi vet inte heller om föremålen representerar kön, eller vad föremålen hade för användningsområde. Det blir också svårt att dra slutsatser om hur individerna i Lekarehed såg på kvinnligt och manligt, eftersom resultaten av könsbedömningarna i många fall var bristfälliga, och för att gravfältet representerar olika tidsperioder. Ny kunskap kan uppkomma om vi slutar att sätta kvinnan och mannen som motsatspar, och är öppna för en annan syn på genus som inte representerar dagens (västerländska) samhälle, eftersom de gravarna som hamnar utanför de två kategorierna blir osynliga. Det är viktigt att osteologen och arkeologen samarbetar, och inte väljer den ena metoden framför den andra, eftersom den mest intressanta informationen och kunskapen kommer utifrån diskussionen av problematiken, och vilka nya aspekter som kan tillföras om vi inte förutsätter att forntidens människor såg på kvinnligt och manligt på det sättet som det finns en tendens till idag.
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Stobart, Anne. "The making of domestic medicine : gender, self-help and therapeutic determination in household healthcare in South-West England in the late seventeenth century". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2008. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6745/.
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This thesis explores household healthcare in the later seventeenth century, particularly the extent of household production of medicines based on medicinal receipts. Medicinal receipts were widely collected in the early modem period although the extent to which these recipes were in ongoing use has not been well-established. The aims of this research are to consider the health concerns and activities of lay women and men, to identify resources available for self-help healthcare, and to establish factors affecting selection and use of medicinal receipts. Accounts are analysed alongside family letters and receipt collections, from selected households in South West England, to identify medicinal supplies and medical services provided by apothecaries, physicians, surgeons and other individuals. Households differ in terms of ingredients purchased, preparations preferred, suppliers, therapeutic strategies used, and the extent of use of medical practitioners. Recorded ingredient purchases match few receipts although there is evidence of some favourite preparations being made. Other resources are considered, including gifts of advice and remedies, and plant ingredients from gardens and the wild. I argue that use of these other resources depended on factors such as knowledge, including plant identification skills, and material considerations, including labour availability. Purchased medicines appeared to become increasingly significant in self-help whilst opportunities for gift medicine may have been reduced. I contrast the gentlewoman healer and the patient consumer in their assessment of medicinal receipts, and their use of medicines with children. Both demonstrated strategies for maintaining therapeutic determination and influencing the approach of medical practitioners in relation to their own complaints. This study shows that medicinal receipt collections did not fully reflect the extent of lay healthcare activities and differences between lay household healthcare practitioners. It contributes to our understanding of the gendered shaping of domestic medicine, and the relationship of household healthcare to medical authority and the developing commercial and professional medical market in the eighteenth century.
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Fagerudd, Rosanna y Emma Sjögren. "In the hands of a controlling leader? Implications for employee well-being from a gender perspective". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159663.
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Leaders engaging in controlling leadership behaviours (CLB) has been connected to followers perceiving their basic needs thwarted. However, little research has been made in the organizational field to understand the implications of controlling leadership behaviours for employee well-being. The present study aimed to clarify this relation through understanding controlling leadership behaviours’ influence on employee health, as well as investigate the impact of both leader and employee gender on employees’ perception of controlling leadership behaviours. A sample of 818 employees, representing the Swedish labour market, completed a questionnaire including measures of perceived controlling leadership behaviours and well-being in terms of self-rated health, burnout, self-rated job satisfaction and vigour. Results confirmed the notion that leaders’ controlling leadership behaviours, like other negative leadership behaviours, is associated with lowered well-being. Results also indicate that male employees perceive male leaders as more controlling than female employees do, while female leaders are perceived as equally controlling by both male and female employees. The gender of leaders exhibiting controlling leadership behaviours seem to have no association with employee well-being. The implications of gender on controlling leadership behaviours is still a question unanswered. Future studies should therefore continue exploring both leader and employee gender influence on CLB.Ledare som använder sig av kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden har visat sig underminera basala psykologiska behov hos sina följare. Trots detta saknas det forskning på hur chefers kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden påverkar anställda. Denna studie syftade till att klargöra hur kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden påverkar anställdas hälsa, och undersöka hur såväl anställdas kön och chefens kön påverkar de anställdas uppfattning av chefens kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden. Ett randomiserat urval på 818 arbetstagare svarade på frågor om uppfattat kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden hos sin chef och självskattad hälsa i termer av självskattad hälsa, utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsenergi. Resultaten bekräftade att kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden hos chefer är relaterat till sämre hälsa och arbetsprestation hos de anställda, samt ökar viljan att sluta. Manliga anställda uppfattar manliga chefer som mer kontrollerande jämfört med sina kvinnliga kollegor, medan kvinnliga chefer uppfattas lika kontrollerande av både manliga som kvinnliga anställda. Den kontrollerande chefens könstillhörighet var inte associerat med anställdas mående. Hur könsaspekter påverkar kontrollerande ledarskapsbeteenden är fortfarande inte klarlagt. Framtida studier bör därför fortsätta undersöka hur både chefens och den anställdas kön influerar CLB.
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Tönissen, Anna [Verfasser]. "Transabdominal ultrasonography during advanced gestation in horses to perform fetal gender determination with special consideration of practicability and repeatability of the examination technique / Anna Tönissen". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110761838X/34.
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Connors, Linda. "Achievement for Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) Students and Non-AVID Students in Select Central Florida High Schools in 2007-2009: A Comparative Study". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2078.
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The focus of this study was to examine the relationship of student participation in the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) program and student academic performance. More specifically, this study was conducted to determine if there was a mean difference in student performance on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) in mathematics, reading, and writing between students who participated in the AVID program during their first two years of high school and students who had similar demographics (e.g., ethnicity, gender, and economic status) but did not participate in the AVID program for 2007-2009. The population for this study consisted of students from six high schools with certified AVID programs during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 school years in two central Florida school districts. Students participating in the AVID program were matched with non-AVID participants for each school site by ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and tenth grade mathematics or English course. The results of this study did not indicate statistically significant differences in the FCAT mathematics and reading developmental scale score gains between the AVID and non-AVID students. However, the non-AVID students performed significantly higher on the tenth grade writing component of the FCAT. Participation in the AVID program produced no statistically significant findings for the factors of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status for FCAT mathematics, reading, or writing. The findings indicated that AVID and non-AVID students could not be differentiated by FCAT performance measures in the mathematics and reading domains.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Educational Leadership EdD
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Wokekoro, Victor Dike. "Legal Boundaries : Women's Reproductive Self-determination Rights Versus Fetus's Right to Life. – An Analysis on Georgia Fetal Heartbeat Bill. (H.B.481)". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-188327.
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Through the fetal heartbeat House-Bill-481, Georgia (U.S) has taken a Pro-life stance on the constitutionally enshrined women's reproductive self-determination rights versus the proposed fetus's right to life by banning abortion after six weeks of gestation. The purpose of this research was to analyze how rights are debated in the media, argued in the bill, and presented in the litigation against the bill using a thematic analysis approach guided by the concept of rights. The findings showed that Pro-choice sees the bill as an infringement of women's rights while Pro-life see it as recognizing the proposed fetus's right to life and personhood.
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Klenk, Saskia, Doreen Reifegerste y Rebecca Renatus. "Gender differences in gratifications from fitness app use and implications for health interventions". Sage, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35525.
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Previous research has shown gender differences in the motivations to be physically active, in mobile phone gratifications, and social media usage, but so far these areas have not been studied together. Based on the uses and gratification approach and self-determination theory, we aimed to identify gender-specific gratifications and determinants of fitness app usage in combination with fitness-related Facebook groups. Results of an online survey (N = 171) and of a mobile experience sampling method (N = 31) revealed that the app Runtastic was primarily used for achieving goals and to improve enjoyment for physical activity, with men and older participants sharing results with others in Facebook groups more often than women and younger participants. Conclusions regarding genderspecific targeting strategies and user-centered design and content of mHealth features are presented.
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Varela, Rafael Pardal. "Influência do género e da actividade física na motivação para a prática da actividade física". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14692.
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Objectivo: Estudar a influência do género e da actividade física na motivação para a prática da actividade física. Amostra: Os participantes do estudo foram 64 alunos, 34 do género feminino e 30 do género masculino, de dois estabelecimentos de ensino (um privado e um público), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos de idade frequentando o 7º, 8º e 9º ano de escolaridade. Metodologia: Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de medida. O questionário BREQ-2 (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), para a medição das diferentes dimensões do continuum motivacional e do índice de autodeterminação (IAD), e o acelerómetro uniaxial GT1M da MTI Actigraph para avaliar a prática da actividade física (min) durante 3 dias. Conclusões: O género não é um factor explicativo da variação da motivação para a prática da actividade física. Existe uma associação positiva entre a actividade física e a motivação para a prática da actividade física (IAD, regulação intrínseca e regulação identificada). O género masculino tem maior actividade relativamente ao género feminino, o que resulta numa maior motivação para a prática da actividade física; ABSTRACT: Objective: To study the effect of gender and physical activity in the motivation for physical activity. Sample: Study participants were 64 students, 34 females and 30 males, two schools (one private and one public), aged between 12 and 15 years of age attending the 7th, 8th and 9th grade. Methodology: Two measurement instruments were used. The questionnaire BREQ-2 (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), for measuring the different dimensions of motivational continuum and the index of self-determination (IAD), and the uniaxial accelerometer GT1M MTI Actigraph to assess physical activity levels (min) for 3 days. Conclusions: Gender is not a factor that explains the variation in motivation for physical activity levels. There is a positive association between physical activity and motivation for physical activity levels (IAD, intrinsic regulation and identified regulation). The males have greater activity than females, resulting in greater motivation for physical activity levels.
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Johnson, Mathew. "Continuity, change and crowding out : the reshaping of collective bargaining in UK local government". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/continuity-change-and-crowding-out-the-reshaping-of-collective-bargaining-in-uk-local-government(553b0d62-5790-4a6a-8a5a-9980e6dae647).html.
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This thesis examines elements of continuity and change in systems of pay determination in UK local government, with a specific focus on the period of austerity since 2010. Spending cuts present significant challenges for collective bargaining through the National Joint Council (NJC), which also serves as a ‘critical case’ to test our understanding of contemporary collective bargaining and industrial relations. The research draws on 56 interviews with a total of 62 key actors from the employers’ representative organisations and trade unions at both national and local level, and eight local authority case studies. The interview data are complemented by a range of secondary qualitative and quantitative data sources. It seeks to understand the changing power relationships between employers and unions as they attempt to navigate increasingly turbulent waters, and the pragmatic trade-offs both sides are willing make over pay, terms and conditions, and working practices in pursuit of longer-term strategic goals. These issues are addressed through three levels of analysis. Firstly, building on a rich tradition of industrial relations research, the thesis shows how the national employers have repositioned the sector level collective agreement as a means to deliver cost control rather than ‘fair wages’, which the unions have so far tolerated in preference to a complete dissolution of national bargaining. Second, drawing on contingency models of pay and HRM, case study data are used to explore the mixture of managerialism and political opportunism which characterises the development and implementation of pay and reward strategies at the level of the organisation. The findings identify the continued importance of transparent job evaluation processes in determining wage structures, but also show how pay practices act as a means to signal desired behaviours from employees, and are used to reinforce local level political narratives. Finally, through a critical re-appraisal of New Public Management (NPM) reforms in local government since the 1980s, further case study data reveal the way in which employers have reorganised staffing structures to match reduced budgets, but it appears that increased levels of work intensity for a significantly depleted workforce are beginning to impact on service standards. The findings also suggest that the on-going process of restructuring serves as a means to increase managerial control of ‘the labour process’ through the efforts to standardise working practices and break down embedded departmental and professional identities. Taken together, the evidence suggests that although the formal institutions of employment relations have proved to be remarkably resilient, collective bargaining as a dynamic mode of joint regulation built on the notion of partnership has steadily been crowded out from both above and below. The meaningful content of negotiations has been squeezed by the tight financial constraints applied by central government, and in the vacuum created by stalled sector level negotiations local level pay and HRM strategies are becoming increasingly important to explain the level and distribution of wages. Perhaps as important as negotiations over pay are negotiations over working practices which fall outside the formal regulatory scope of the collective agreement, and change expectations about working time, task discretion, and job boundaries. A degree of drift across these three dimensions has resulted in an increasingly fluid adjustment of the wage-effort bargain over which the unions have a declining sphere of influence.
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Allbrink, Sofie y Rebecka Sundin. "INDIVIDUELLA IDROTTARES FÖRUTSÄTTNINGAR FÖR SJÄLVREGLERAT LÄRANDE". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183873.
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Självreglerat lärande (SRL) har visat sig vara en användbar strategi för både idrottslig inlärning och utveckling. Vilka miljömässiga förutsättningar idrottaren ges kan både främja och hämma denna utveckling, vilket få studier undersökt i en idrottslig kontext. Studiens syfte var därav att undersöka grad av SRL inom individuell idrott utifrån self-efficacy, könsidentitet och miljömässiga förutsättningar. Miljömässiga förutsättningar innefattade ledarskapsbeteenden som främjar både motivation, enligt Self-determination theory (SDT), och självreglerat lärande. Urvalet bestod av individuella idrottare, 16–60 år, som har en tränare (N = 251). Dessa tävlade inom 28 olika individuella idrotter och identifierade sig som kvinnor (n = 144), män (n = 106) och annat (n = 1). Frågeställningarna besvarades med hjälp av självskattningsformulären Self-Regulated Learning in Sport Practice (SRL-SP), Self-Regulated Environment (SRE) och Interpersonal Supportiveness Scale - Coach (ISS-C). Resultat från multipla och hierarkiska regressionsanalyser indikerade att self-efficacy hade ett positivt samband med utfallsmåtten planering, övervakning och reflektion, men inte ansträngning. Könsidentitet verkade inte moderera denna effekt. Vad gäller miljömässiga förutsättningar bidrog främst tränares förmåga att skapa möjligheter för SRL till idrottares självreglering. Samtidigt visades att idrottarnas grad av SRL påverkades av tränarens närvaro; ju mer närvarande tränare desto lägre grad av självregleringsstrategier uppvisar idrottarna. Slutsatsen blir därmed att idrottare verkar behöva ha en tilltro till sin förmåga samt befinna sig i en miljö med möjligheter för SRL, för att engagera sig i sin idrottsliga utveckling på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Detta samband verkar även påverkas av tränarens fysiska närvaro. Framtida studier kan med fördel vidare undersöka påverkan av de miljömässiga förutsättningarna på grad av SRL, samt om det skiljer sig åt beroende på idrott.Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) has proven to be a useful strategy for athletes' learning and development. What conditions are given to athletes from their surrounding environment can both promote and inhibit these processes of learning and development. However, few studies have examined this relationship in a sports context. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate Self-Regulated Learning in individual sports based on self-efficacy, gender and environmental conditions. The environmental conditions were defined as leadership behaviors that promote motivation, according to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Self-Regulated Learning. The sample consisted of individual athletes, ranging from 16-60 years, with a coach (N = 251). The athletes competed in 28 different individual sports and identified themselves as women (n = 144), men (n = 106) and other (n = 1). The participants answered the self-report questionnaires Self-Regulated Learning in Sport Practice (SRL-SP), Self-Regulated Environment (SRE) and Interpersonal Supportiveness Scale - Coach (ISS-C). Using multiple and hierarchical regression analyses, this study provided support that self-efficacy positively influenced the outcome measures planning, monitoring, and reflection, but not effort. Gender did not appear to moderate this relationship. The environmental conditions associated with SRL was mainly the coaches' ability to create opportunities for SRL. Additionally, athletes' SRL were negatively influenced by how often the coach was present. The conclusion is that athletes, to beneficially engage in their own development, need to have a belief in their own ability and also be in an environment that enhances opportunities for SRL. However, this relationship is influenced by the coach's presence at practice. Future studies can further examine the relationship between the environmental conditions and SRL, and if the results may differ depending on sport.
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Olsson, Johanna Caroline. "”Inte alla män” – En problematisering av arkeologisk könsbedömning utgående från tidigare tolkningar av två kvinnogravar med hjälp av genusteori". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414079.
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Archaeologists have employed a method to determine individuals’ sex through objects in grave contexts, this method is called archaeological sex determination. However, this method has proven to be misleading in interpretations in correlation with the concepts of gender and sex. This will be highlighted through a comparative study of two case studies: “Birkakrigaren” and “Barumskvinnan”. The concept of gender has grown stronger in the public debate concerning the difference between gender and sex, which has contributed to the concept’s amplification in the archaeological discipline, specifically gender theory. Gender theory will be used to explain and clarify the problems of archaeological sex determination, in addition how it could be used for criticism of a current case study, which is “Birkakrigaren” and why the criticism differed between two case studies: “Birkakrigaren” and “Barumskvinnan”. In order to reach the desired results, different articles and books will be examined, simultaneously with articles and blogs on the subject of the criticism.
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Sadr, Mohammad. "Les particularités liées à la sexualité : conception du médecin Rāzī (IXe-Xe)". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SADR_Mohammad_va.pdf.
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Plusieurs hypothèses sont présentées par les médecins grecs anciens et ceux de l’époque islamique quant aux facteurs qui déterminent le sexe du fœtus. Hippocrate, Aristote et Galien présentent chacun des hypothèses différentes dans leurs œuvres à propos de la formation du fœtus mâle ou femelle. Ces hypothèses développent des facteurs internes comme la force, la dominance de la semence mâle ou femelle, la position du fœtus dans l’utérus et des facteurs externes comme la chaleur, le froid, les vents qui soufflent dans la région. Dans cette recherche, nous analysons les avis des médecins grecs anciens par l’examen de leurs œuvres ou à travers les traductions de celle-ci et par les citations dans les textes médicaux de l’époque islamique tels que Firdaws al-hikma fī Ṭibb et al-Ḥāwī fi Ṭibb. Nous considérons ensuite le point de vue du médecin Rāzī (IXe-Xe) en nous fondant sur un traité indépendant intitulé al-ubnah. Nous comparons ses points de vue avec ceux des médecins grecs. Grâce à ses avis sur la détermination du sexe du fœtus, Rāzī a tenté d’expliciter certains comportements d’un homme majeur attiré par un autre homme majeur. Dans cette recherche les troubles mentionnés et leurs causes sont étudiées du point de vue de Rāzī ainsi que les méthodes de traitement que proposent ce dernier en la matièreAmong ancient Greek and Islamic period physicians there are several theories regarding the determinants of sex of the fetus. Hippocrates, Aristotle and Galen each proposed different theories for the sex determination of male or female embryos.In these theories, various factors such as strength and dominancy of male or female semen to each other, external factors like heat and cold, the location of the fetus in the uterus, the kind of winds blowing in that area and have been mentioned.In the current research, views of ancient Greek physicians on this subject will be discussed based on the transmission of their writings to the current time or translations or citations of their works in medical texts of the Islamic period such as Firdaws al-hikma fi Ṭibb and al-Ḥāwī fi Ṭibb. Afterwards Razi’s (IXe-Xe) view will be analyzed according to his independent treatise titled al-ubnah, the theories mentioned in al-Ḥāwī fi Ṭibb, and then it will be compared with the opinions of ancient Greek physicians. Rāzī, based on his point of view on the sex determination of the fetus, has explained sexual disorders like attraction between men. In this research, such attraction and his treatments proposed will be discussed
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Gedminaitė, Aušra. "Seksualinis priekabiavimas Lietuvos ir užsienio valstybių baudžiamojoje teisėje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_124809-87625.
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Šiame magistro darbe yra nagrinėjama viena iš Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso nusikaltimų ir baudžiamųjų nusižengimų asmens seksualinio apsisprendimo laisvei ir neliečiamumui nuostatų – seksualinis priekabiavimas, kuris Lietuvoje buvo kriminalizuotas 2003 m., įsigaliojus naujam Baudžiamajam kodeksui.
Seksualinio priekabiavimo instituto tyrimą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje autorė aptaria seksualinio priekabiavimo sąvokos bei jo kaip reiškinio apskritai ištakas užsienio valstybėse ir Lietuvoje.
Antrojoje dalyje, atskleidžiant seksualinio priekabiavimo sampratą įvairiapusiškai, nagrinėjama bendra socialinė – teisinė šio reiškinio samprata ne tik Lietuvos Respublikos, bet ir kai kurių užsienio valstybių (Vokietijos, Estijos, Suomijos, Bulgarijos, Nyderlandų, Lenkijos) teisės aktuose. Taip pat apžvelgiami tarptautiniai, Europos Sąjungos bei kai kurių užsienio valstybių nacionaliniai teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys seksualinį priekabiavimą.
Trečiojoje dalyje autorė aptaria baudžiamąją teisinę seksualinio priekabiavimo sampratą ir jos aspektus. Pirmajame šios dalies skyriuje pateikiama bendra baudžiamoji teisinė seksualinio priekabiavimo samprata. Antrajame trečios dalies skyriuje aptariama baudžiamoji teisinė kai kurių užsienio valstybių (Prancūzijos, Austrijos, Italijos, Vengrijos, Portugalijos) seksualinio priekabiavimo samprata pagal jų baudžiamuosius įstatymus bei apžvelgiami kiti teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys seksualinį priekabiavimą tose valstybėse... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]This work analyses one of five criminal acts against freedom of sexual self-determination and immunity, provided for in the 21st chapter of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, which is sexual harassment. It was criminalized in 2003, when the new Lithuanian Criminal Code came into force. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part of this work the author discusses the origins of the concept of sexual harassment and its phenomenon in Lithuania and in foreign countries. The second part of the work sets out to investigate the general social-legal aspects of this phenomenon. This part analyses the laws, regulating sexual harassment in Lithuania and in several foreign countries (i.e. Germany, Estonia, Finland, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, and Poland). It also reviews the international and EU documents, regulating sexual harassment. The third part of the work analyses the criminal-legal conception of sexual harassment and its aspects. The first section of this part is designed to investigate the criminal-legal conception of sexual harassment as such in general. The second section analyses criminal conception of sexual harassment in some foreign countries in particular (i.e. France, Austria, Italy, Hungary, and Portugal), including other laws regulating sexual harassment in those countries. The third section analyses the elements of sexual harassment which determine it as a criminal act, as provided for in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania... [to full text]
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Bursian, Olga y olga bursian@arts monash edu au. "Uncovering the well-springs of migrant womens' agency: connecting with Australian public infrastructure". RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080131.113605.
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The study sought to uncover the constitution of migrant women's agency as they rebuild their lives in Australia, and to explore how contact with any publicly funded services might influence the capacity to be self determining subjects. The thesis used a framework of lifeworld theories (Bourdieu, Schutz, Giddens), materialist, trans-national feminist and post colonial writings, and a methodological approach based on critical hermeneutics (Ricoeur), feminist standpoint and decolonising theories. Thirty in depth interviews were carried out with 6 women migrating from each of 5 regions: Vietnam, Lebanon, the Horn of Africa, the former Soviet Union and the Philippines. Australian based immigration literature constituted the third corner of triangulation. The interviews were carried out through an exploration of themes format, eliciting data about the different ontological and epistemological assumptions of the cultures of origin. The findings revealed not only the women's remarkable tenacity and resilience as creative agents, but also the indispensability of Australia's publicly funded infrastructure or welfare state. The women were mostly privileged in terms of class, education and affirming relationships with males. Nevertheless, their self determination depended on contact with universal public policies, programs and with local community services. The welfare state seems to be modernity's means for re-establishing human connectedness that is the crux of the human condition. Connecting with fellow Australians in friendships and neighbourliness was also important in resettlement. Conclusions include a policy discussion in agreement with Australian and international scholars proposing that there is no alternative but for governments to invest in a welfare state for the civil societies and knowledge based economies of the 21st Century.
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Chapman, Alexandra. "Development of Novel High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Assays for Gender Identification of Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) and other Birds". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148342.
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Unambiguous gender identification (ID) is needed to assess parameters in studies of population dynamics, behavior, and evolutionary biology of Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) and other birds. Due to its importance for management and conservation, molecular (DNA-based) avian gender ID assays targeting intron-size differences of the Chromosome Helicase ATPase DNA Binding (CHD) gene of males (CHD-Z) and females (CHD-W) have been developed. Male (ZZ) and female (WZ) genotypes are usually scored as size polymorphisms through agarose or acrylamide gels. For certain species, W-specific restriction sites or multiplex polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) involving CHD-W specific primers are needed.
These approaches involve a minimum of three steps following DNA isolation: PCR, gel electrophoresis, and photo-documentation, which limit high throughput scoring and automation potential. In here, a short amplicon (SA) High-resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) assay for avian gender ID is developed. SA-HRMA of an 81-Base Pair (bp) segment differentiates heteroduplex female (WZ) from homoduplex male (ZZ) genotypes by targeting Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) instead of intron-size differences between CHD-Z and CHD-W genes.
To demonstrate the utility of the approach, the gender of Caribbean Flamingo (P. ruber ruber) (17 captive from the Dallas Zoo and 359 wild from Ria Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico) was determined. The assay was also tested on specimens of Lesser Flamingo (P. minor), Chilean Flamingo (P. chilensis), Saddle-billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis), Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), White-bellied Stork (Ciconia abdimii), Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus), Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus), and Attwater's Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri). Although the orthologous 81 bp segments of Z and W are highly conserved, sequence alignments with 50 avian species across 15 families revealed mismatches affecting one or more nucleotides within the SA-HRMA forward or reverse primers. Most mismatches were located along the CHD-Z gene that may generate heteroduplex curves and thus gender ID errors. For such cases, taxon and species-specific primer sets were designed. The SA-HRMA gender ID assay can be used in studies of avian ecology and behavior, to assess sex-associated demographics and migratory patterns, and as a proxy to determine the health of the flock and the degree by which conservation and captive breeding programs are functioning.
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Lin, Yi-Ching y 林宜靜. "Gender Determination and Age Level Estimation Based on Face Characteristics". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45929924072294816628.
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碩士大葉大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
102
Following the vigorous development of information technology, the importance of face detection is also increasing intensity, particularly in the application of biometrics and digital surveillance systems; In the extended application of face recognition, In the extended application of face recognition, including face recognition based gender determination and following age levels estimates. An automatic and effective gender and age recognition system could be widely applied in fields as surveillance, human-machine interface, analysis of consumer behavior and other fields. This study use existing databases on a network with people from filming face database, This study not only adopt existing human face databases which get from network, we also take pictures to construct our own human face database, to carry out gender determination and age levels estimates. We prior training facial features for increasing the success rate of determination. This study proposes a number of facial features to determine the gender and age levels estimation, and analyze the effect contribution of each facial features for determining gender and age levels. Above-mentioned point his following weighted formula comparison for each facial features, that makes determining the age and gender can be more properly and will not because of the lack of a characteristic value, resulting in gender and age could not be determined, the experimental results of this study may highlight the usefulness of the proposed method.
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Wang, Chia-Hua y 王佳華. "When Migratory Birds Flocked Together: The Organization and Gender Performance of Volunteers During the Women Make Wave Film Festival at Hualien". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tt64v9.
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碩士國立東華大學
課程設計與潛能開發學系
102
Women Make Waves Film Festival was first brought to Hualien in 2001, and has become an annual local cultural event ever since. It went through a major change in the year of 2011 when the program director was changed from Man-Jin Lin, a local gallery owner, to Chun-Chi Wang, an English Literature Professor of Dong Hwa University. Primarily focusing on the operation of the film festivals under the leadership of the (now) former director Lin, this thesis is written from the perspective of a festival volunteer who had the experience of working closely with the director as her film festival assistant. Examining the characteristics of Hualien Women Make Waves Film festival with regard to the roles that volunteers played, this study uses the metaphor of bird migration to describe this cultural event as a landmark where volunteers (and the audience as well) congregated once a year and dispersed right after the festival season. Though volunteers made a suggestion every year with a hope to keep in touch as a group, none of them took this task upon themselves but to wait for the director to organize this reunion. The author had volunteered for four years, and had climbed the ladder within the hierarchy of volunteer organization from the peripheral participation to the central post of the film festival director’s assistant. The author finds that since the volunteers came from various backgrounds and only got together once a year, they had to find ways to work together immediately as they explored their way into the operation of the film festival. On the one hand, many volunteers were able to construct their own meanings to the voluntary participations. On the other hand, even as a seasoned volunteer, the author realized that as the program director had been the constant central figure, the workings of the film festival was closely revolving around her. Director Lin relied on her experience of running a local gallery, and turned the film festival into a local cultural and social event by bringing together local female politicians, spouses of male politicians, female college professors and teachers, and women from various walks of life. Lin was not keen to the revolutionary gender discourse that Women Make Waves Film Festival was intended to espouse. On the contrary, she used various activities (such as news conferences, grand opening and closing ceremonies, etc.) to promote the film festival, with a view to make the festival less intimidating, but welcoming to those who otherwise would not come to the movie theatre and alternative film festivals. Her way of organizing the film festivals made it labour intensive, requiring the participation of a large number of volunteers. In retrospect, the author realizes that though they went through some difficult negotiations, the way that Director Lin ran the film festival provided her an opportunity to stay with the film festival which otherwise could be intimidating since she herself found the gender discourse was hard to grasp. Nonetheless, the author was good at handling the day-to-day, seemingly mundane yet necessary operation, and she used her skilful volunteer labour as a medium through which to get connected with the film festival.
38
Hope, Lesa Nitcy. "A secondary analysis of agency records exploring self-determination as it relates to gender and disability". 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/hope%5Flesa%5Fn%5F200505%5Fphd.
Texto completo
39
Chen, Ming-Ping y 陳明斌. "The Corelation Study of Psychological needs and Self-determination Motivation of Cyclists with Different Gender and Cycling years". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83840649619069372859.
Texto completoResumen
碩士國立臺南大學
體育學系碩士班
104
This study aims to investigate the cyclists’ gender, cycling years, basic psychological needs, the style of Self-determination Motivation through the questionnaire method. The researcher delievered 375 questionnaires, and recycled 354 effective ones. By independent T-test. single-factor ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, and two-factors ANOVA. The conclusions of this study are as follow: Firstly, cycling years can negatively anticipate amotivation and positively anticipate self-determination. Among psychological needs, only competence can positively anticipate intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and self-determination. Competence can negatively anticipate amotivation. Secondly, gender, cycling years and autonomy corelate significantly. The dignificance of male is larger than that of female with the Scheffe method. Under the condition of female, autonomy increases when cycling years increases. Gender and cycling years corelate significantly under the introjected regulation of self-determination styles. It is suggested that the beginners need to do bicycling step by step to increase competence and self-determination motivation. The bicyclers of ages find more difficult bicycling paths to upgrade self-decision motivation with autonomy and competence.
40
Tremblay, Mélanie. "In search of protection : sexual minority women in Canadian refugee determination". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11941.
Texto completoResumen
Le Canada accepte des demandes d’asile sur la base de l'orientation sexuelle depuis
plus de 20 ans. Quoi qu’il en soit, cette recherche permet de douter du fait que les demandes
sur la base de l’orientation sexuelle déposées par des femmes soient traitées de façon
adéquate. Pour garantir l’accès à la protection des femmes appartenant à des minorités
sexuelles, une analyse du risque de persécution fondé sur l'orientation sexuelle doit incorporer
des considérations de genre ainsi que divers autres facteurs d’ordre social et culturel. À partir
d’une étude de cas de demandes du statut de refugié déposées par des femmes sur la base de
l’orientation sexuelle et rejetées par la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié
entre 2010 et 2013, cette recherche identifie des procédés décisionnels problématiques qui font
obstacle au droit d’asile de ces femmes. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent qu’une analyse
intersectionnelle, laquelle prend acte des formes variées et multiples de l’oppression dans un
contexte social donné, est d’importance cruciale pour une évaluation éclairée et non tronquée
des risques de persécution pour les minorités sexuelles féminines. À la lumière de ces
résultats, ce mémoire propose qu’une analyse intersectionnelle accompagne une nécessaire
formation pour les membres de la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié du
Canada sur des questions particulières à des minorités sexuelles.Canada has accepted refugee claims on the basis of sexual orientation for more than 20 years; however, research suggests that claims brought by women on the basis of sexual orientation have not always received fair adjudication. To ensure equitable access to protection for sexual minority women, an analysis of their risk of persecution must incorporate gender and other social and cultural factors that influence their experiences. Based on a case study of claims brought by women on the basis of sexual orientation between 2010 and 2013, which were subsequently rejected by the Canadian Immigration and Refugee board, this research identifies decision making that poses obstacles to sexual minority women’s access to refugee protection. The findings from this case study demonstrate that an intersectional analysis, which considers various forms of oppression within a particular social context, is crucial to a complete and informed assessment of the risk of persecution for sexual minority women. In light of these findings, this paper proposes that an intersectional analysis accompany continued training for Immigration and Refugee Board members on issues particular to sexual minorities.
41
Gordova, Daria. "Ženská sexualita a sebeurčení v románech E. Jelinek". Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449428.
Texto completoResumen
This thesis deals with women's images in the chosen novels by the Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek. The focus lies on exploring women's sexuality and identities in Die Klavierspielerin (The Piano Teacher), Lust (Lust) and Die Liebhaberinnen (Women as Lovers). As for the methodology, I draw on feminist literary criticism and gender studies, primarily Elaine Showalter's and Judith Butler's theories. The development of female protagonists is comprehended as formed through patriarchy - it will be analyzed, and the individual results will be compared in order to get to the general issue about depiction of patriarchy and toxic masculinity in Jelinek's work. Key words: feminism, gender, women's sexuality, self-determination, Elfriede Jelinek
42
LIN, WEI-YI y 林暐詒. "Exploring the Influence of Robot Programming Education on the Scientific Attitude of Primary School Children—Based on Gender Schema and Self-determination Theory". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bw6f25.
Texto completoResumen
碩士正修科技大學
資訊管理研究所
106
This study explores the interest of primary school children in robot programming courses and the important influencing factors in future attitudes toward science-related industries. In the research, the research model was proposed with reference to gender-based model theory, social career cognitive theory, and self-determination theory. A total of 80 schoolchildren participated in the study for third-grade elementary school students and three classes in Kaohsiung City. They used LEGO EV3 as a textbook for robot programming learning to conduct a 6-week robot programming course. The analysis found that many factors have positive and significant influence on the attitude and motivation of robot programming courses. Among these factors, the important factors are the interests of programming and robotic self-efficacy, sequential gender stereotypes and liking of the robots are followed by self-determinism. The results of the study provide a reference for future research in related fields.
43
Robinson, Barbara Lynn. "Effects of visual impairment, gender, and age on self-determination opportunities at home, with friends, with health care, at school, and in physical education". 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Texto completo
44
Silva, Ana Marta Cardoso. "A Disforia de Género nos Menores: a sua relevância na análise crítica da Lei nº 38/2018, de 7 de agosto". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90248.
Texto completoResumen
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoAbstract: Gender dysphoria is characterized by the discomfort or affective/cognitive impairment experienced by a person, due to a discrepancy between the biological sex and the gender identity. This is is an issue that affects not only adults but also minors. In august 2018, a new legal regime was made consecrating the Right to the gender identity self-determination and gender expression and the Right to the protection of the sexual characteristics of every person. We proposed ourselves to analyze this new regime, with the situation of the minor in perspective, in a way to verify if their interests are being properly protected.Abstract: Gender dysphoria is characterized by the discomfort or affective/cognitive impairment experienced by a person, due to a discrepancy between the biological sex and the gender identity. This is is an issue that affects not only adults but also minors. In august 2018, a new legal regime was made consecrating the Right to the gender identity self-determination and gender expression and the Right to the protection of the sexual characteristics of every person. We proposed ourselves to analyze this new regime, with the situation of the minor in perspective, in a way to verify if their interests are being properly protected.Abstract: Gender dysphoria is characterized by the discomfort or affective/cognitive impairment experienced by a person, due to a discrepancy between the biological sex and the gender identity. This is is an issue that affects not only adults but also minors. In august 2018, a new legal regime was made consecrating the Right to the gender identity self-determination and gender expression and the Right to the protection of the sexual characteristics of every person. We proposed ourselves to analyze this new regime, with the situation of the minor in perspective, in a way to verify if their interests are being properly protected.
Resumo: A Disforia de género, caracteriza-se pelo desconforto ou mal-estar afetivo/cognitivo experienciado por uma pessoa, causado por uma discrepância entre o sexo biológico e a identidade de género. Esta é uma problemática que afeta não só adultos como também menores. Em agosto de 2018, um novo regime legal foi criado em Portugal consagrando o Direito à autodeterminação da identidade de género e expressão de género e o Direito à proteção das características sexuais de cada pessoa. Propomo-nos a analisar este novo regime, tendo em conta a situação dos menores, de maneira a verificar se os seus interesses estarão a ser devidamente protegidos.Resumo: A Disforia de género, caracteriza-se pelo desconforto ou mal-estar afetivo/cognitivo experienciado por uma pessoa, causado por uma discrepância entre o sexo biológico e a identidade de género. Esta é uma problemática que afeta não só adultos como também menores. Em agosto de 2018, um novo regime legal foi criado em Portugal consagrando o Direito à autodeterminação da identidade de género e expressão de género e o Direito à proteção das características sexuais de cada pessoa. Propomo-nos a analisar este novo regime, tendo em conta a situação dos menores, de maneira a verificar se os seus interesses estarão a ser devidamente protegidos.Resumo: A Disforia de género, caracteriza-se pelo desconforto ou mal-estar afetivo/cognitivo experienciado por uma pessoa, causado por uma discrepância entre o sexo biológico e a identidade de género. Esta é uma problemática que afeta não só adultos como também menores. Em agosto de 2018, um novo regime legal foi criado em Portugal consagrando o Direito à autodeterminação da identidade de género e expressão de género e o Direito à proteção das características sexuais de cada pessoa. Propomo-nos a analisar este novo regime, tendo em conta a situação dos menores, de maneira a verificar se os seus interesses estarão a ser devidamente protegidos.
45
Ribeiro, Inês da Silva. "A Intersexualidade e o possível reconhecimento de um terceiro género". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94675.
Texto completoResumen
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoBased on Intersexuality, this research aims to develop a study on the intersex people and on their physical condition. Until the approval of the Law no. 38/2018 of august 7th, it was legal to do a sex-“normalising” treatment that involved a medical surgery or an hormonal therapy without their informed consent. However, there is no need to do such unnecessary treatment since it’s not a physical or a mental disease. On the contrary, in order to decrease discrimination and to be more inclusive, it is necessary to implement rules aimed at respecting their gender identity and expression, thus respecting, in turn, the right to personal identity and the principle of human dignity. Therefore and following some role-models of countries such as Germany and Australia, this essay focus on the possibility of one of those policies is the recognition of a third gender on the portuguese legal order. Based on Intersexuality, this research aims to develop a study on the intersex people and on their physical condition. Until the approval of the Law no. 38/2018 of august 7th, it was legal to do a sex-“normalising” treatment that involved a medical surgery or an hormonal therapy without their informed consent. However, there is no need to do such unnecessary treatment since it’s not a physical or a mental disease. On the contrary, in order to decrease discrimination and to be more inclusive, it is necessary to implement rules aimed at respecting their gender identity and expression, thus respecting, in turn, the right to personal identity and the principle of human dignity. Therefore and following some role-models of countries such as Germany and Australia, this essay focus on the possibility of one of those policies is the recognition of a third gender on the portuguese legal order.
Tendo por base a Intersexualidade, com esta investigação, pretende-se desenvolver um estudo sobre a pessoa intersexo e sobre a sua condição física. Até à Lei n.º 38/2018, de7 de agosto, previa-se a possibilidade de redesignação sexual, corrigindo assim a sua condição anatómica por via cirúrgica ou hormonal, sem o seu consentimento. No entanto, não está aqui em causa uma doença física ou do foro psicológico, pelo que não há necessidade de correções. Pelo contrário, para haver uma diminuição da discriminação e uma maior inclusão social, é necessária a implementação de medidas que visem respeitar a sua identidade e expressão de género, respeitando assim, por sua vez, o direito à identidade pessoal e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Deste modo, e seguindo o modelo de vários países como a Alemanha e a Austrália, o texto desta dissertação visa incidir sobre a possibilidade de uma dessas medidas a aplicar, ser o reconhecimento de um terceiro género no ordenamento jurídico português. Tendo por base a Intersexualidade, com esta investigação, pretende-se desenvolver um estudo sobre a pessoa intersexo e sobre a sua condição física. Até à Lei n.º 38/2018, de7 de agosto, previa-se a possibilidade de redesignação sexual, corrigindo assim a sua condição anatómica por via cirúrgica ou hormonal, sem o seu consentimento. No entanto, não está aqui em causa uma doença física ou do foro psicológico, pelo que não há necessidade de correções. Pelo contrário, para haver uma diminuição da discriminação e uma maior inclusão social, é necessária a implementação de medidas que visem respeitar a sua identidade e expressão de género, respeitando assim, por sua vez, o direito à identidade pessoal e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Deste modo, e seguindo o modelo de vários países como a Alemanha e a Austrália, o texto desta dissertação visa incidir sobre a possibilidade de uma dessas medidas a aplicar, ser o reconhecimento de um terceiro género no ordenamento jurídico português.
46
Morgado, Maria Inês Fonseca Lopes. "Os Menores e o Consentimento Informado para o Ato Médico: um olhar sobre o caso da Transexualidade". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84168.
Texto completoResumen
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoA doutrina do consentimento informado exige que qualquer terapêutica seja administrada a um doente adulto, competente e devidamente informado. Ora, esta temática, atualmente em voga, gera maior controvérsia quando em causa esteja um paciente menor. Neste sentido, a lei civil considera menor toda a criança ou jovem com idade inferior a 18 anos, logo, salvo exceções, o menor não terá competência legal para prestar consentimento informado – esse papel irá caber aos pais ou representantes legais. Por seu turno, a lei penal estabelece os 16 anos como a idade-limite para que o consentimento possa ser prestado. Contudo, a afirmação da maioridade para prestar consentimento para atos médicos, não deve depender, a nosso ver, de critérios rígidos; antes, será em função de cada caso concreto que se determinará o grau de discernimento e de reconhecimento da autodeterminação ao menor. Deste modo, afirmado está, o reconhecimento do menor como um sujeito de direitos fundamentais. Mas não só, também lhe é reconhecido o direito a participar, a ser ouvido e a ser informado sobre o processo de decisão relativo ao seu projeto de vida. O caso especial da transexualidade (a convicção de pertença a um sexo diferente e o desejo de viver como membro do sexo biológico e anatómico oposto) surge-nos aqui de forma a desmistificar muitas das ideias prédefinidas existentes na sociedade, tentando contribuir, se possível, para uma mudança de mentalidades. Descreve-se aqui o procedimento de mudança de sexo e nome próprio no Registo Civil – constante da Lei de Identidade de Género – e apresentam-se novas propostas que garantem, a todos, o acesso à saúde, sem qualquer discriminação em razão da idade ou género, de modo a assegurar a autonomia e a dignidade das pessoas transexuais.
The doctrine of informed consent requires that any therapy must be given to a competent and properly informed adult patient. Nowadays, this issue raises even more controversy when a minor patient is involved. On the one hand, the civil law considers minor any child or young person under the age of 18; so, without exceptions, the minor will not have legal competence to give informed consent - this must be done by parents or legal representatives. On the other hand, the criminal law establishes an age-limit of 16. However, the affirmation of majority to consent medical procedures, from our point of view, should not depend on strict criteria; rather, it will be in function of each concrete case that the degree of discernment and recognition of the self-determination of the minor will be determined. In this way, it is assured the recognition of the minor as a subject of fundamental rights. It is also recognized the right to participate, to be heard and to be informed about the decisionmaking process concerning this life project. The special case of transsexuality (the conviction of belonging to a different sex and the desire to live as a member of opposite biological and anatomical sex) arises here in order to demystify many of the predefined ideas existing in society, trying to contribute, if possible, for a change of mentalities. It is here described the procedure for the change of gender and first name in the Civil Registry - contained in the The Law of Gender Identity - and are presented new proposals that guarantee access to health to everyone, without any discrimination based on age or gender, in order to ensure the autonomy and dignity of transsexual people.
47
Furtado, Teresa Veiga. "Videoarte de mulheres: nossos corpos, nós mesmas. Corpo, identidade e autodeterminação nas obras de videoartistas influenciadas pelos feminismos". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14507.
Texto completoResumen
O
modo
como
os
corpos
das
mulheres
são
afectados
pela
desigualdade
de
género
é
um
problema
social
que
tem
vindo
a
ganhar
visibilidade
crescente
nas
sociedades
ocidentais
desde
os
movimentos
feministas
da
Segunda
Vaga.
Nesse
sentido,
o
lema
feminista
dos
anos
1970
«os
nossos
corpos,
nós
mesmas»
reflecte
a
tomada
de
consciência
das
mulheres
de
que
os
corpos
são
o
produto
da
acção
de
valores
e
práticas
sociais,
bem
como
da
necessidade
de
reclamarem
o
controlo
sobre
os
seus
corpos
para
poderem
formar
livremente
as
suas
identidades,
autodeterminando-‐se
e
criando-‐se
a
si
mesmas
como
Sujeitos.
Quatro
décadas
volvidas,
este
mote
continua
a
ser
recorrente,
mantendo
um
lugar
de
destaque
na
videoarte
de
mulheres.
Tendo
por
pano
de
fundo
uma
linha
orientadora
que
cruza
três
vectores
–
a
arte,
o
género,
e
os
movimentos
sociais
feministas
–,
e
os
seus
pensadores
e
académicos
principais
em
diversos
ramos
da
Sociologia
e
das
Artes
Visuais,
bem
como
das
Humanidades,
construímos
o
objecto
de
estudo,
focado
sobre
as
relações
entre
a
videoarte
de
mulheres
centrada
no
corpo
na
identidade
e
na
autodeterminação,
a
dimensão
de
género
e
os
movimentos
sociais
feministas,
no
período
compreendido
de
1965
a
2007,
num
contexto
ocidental.
A
metodologia
usada
teve
como
objectivo
fundamental
efectuar
a
ponte
entre
o
nível
microssociológico
das
expressões,
condutas
e
gestos
corporais
presentes
nos
vídeos
e
o
plano
macrossociológico
das
forças
sociais
mais
amplas,
institucionalizadas
e
origem
de
desigualdades,
como
as
forças
de
género
e
as
de
«raça».
Nesse
sentido,
socorremo-‐nos
da
análise
de
conteúdo
de
um
conjunto
de
vídeos
por
meio
da
contabilização
de
categorias
análise
de
conteúdo
relativas
às
principais
temáticas
relevantes
para
o
objecto
de
estudo,
como
o
corpo,
a
sexualidade,
a
violência,
o
olhar,
as
incorporações
de
masculinidades
e
de
feminilidades,
o
Sujeito
e
o
Não-‐sujeito.
Concluiu-‐se,
deste
estudo,
que
existe,
seguramente
desde
os
anos
1960,
um
trajecto
que
continua
a
ser
percorrido
nos
nossos
dias,
conduzindo
da
dessubjectivação
das
mulheres
à
sua
subjectivação.
Na
realidade,
verifica-‐se
a
denúncia
das
circunstâncias
em
que
vivem
submetidas
as
mulheres
Não-‐
sujeito,
designadamente:
no
casamento
enquanto
mercantilização
do
trabalho
doméstico
feminino,
físico,
emocional
e
afectivo,
não
remunerado;
na
incorporação
das
normas
patriarcais
de
feminilidade;
na
intersecção
das
desigualdades
de
género
com
as
de
«raça»,
e
as
de
idade;
na
comercialização
e
objectificação
dos
seus
corpos
na
publicidade
e
na
pornografia;
na
violência
de
diversos
tipos,
como
a
sociocultural,
a
sexual
e
a
psicológica,
exercida
contra
as
mulheres.
Nota-‐se,
simultaneamente,
um
movimento
progressivo
em
direcção
às
mulheres
Sujeito,
ilustrado,
por
exemplo:
na
capacidade
de
apresentação
de
uma
narrativa
da
representação
de
si
mesmas
auto-‐
reflexiva
e
coerente;
no
controlo
sobre
a
função
reprodutora
do
seu
corpo;
na
promoção
de
uma
sexualidade
plástica
ligada
à
relação
pura
e
ao
amor
confluente
assente
no
mutualismo,
não
subjugada
à
heterossexualidade,
ao
casamento
e
à
família
nuclear;
no
recombinar
dos
pólos
dicotómicos
e
hierarquizados
em
que
se
baseou
toda
a
modernidade
como
os
da
vida
pública
e
os
da
vida
privada.
Tendo,
neste
momento,
como
oponente
aguerrido
o
neoliberalismo
que
procura
dividir,
desigualar
e
hierarquizar
as
sociedades,
as
mulheres
Sujeito
são,
aliás,
as
actrizes
centrais
de
todo
o
movimento
feminista,
sobretudo
preocupado
até
aos
anos
1980
com
reivindicações
pela
paridade
no
seio
do
que
se
poderá
denominar
de
política
da
emancipação,
tendo
depois
disso
passado
a
um
trabalho
em
prol
de
uma
política
da
vida
e
das
sexualidades
impulsionado
pelo
pensamento
Queer
e
feminismos
da
Terceira
Vaga