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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Geographic information system"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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1

Srikanth, Dr Geetha. "Geographic Information System (GIS) in Public Health." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 06, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v06i1.7.

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Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) are a potential enabling technolo-gy used in public health. With the precise geo-graphic location of the incident these technolo-gies are potentially useful for infectious dis-ease surveillance and control of vector borne diseases. GIS is a computer system for captur-ing and displaying data related to positions on earth’s surface. Since many different kinds of data are shown on a map one can analyze their patterns and relationships

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2

Fan, Yong-wen, Wei-jun Zhu, and Shao-huan Ban. "Mimic Geographic Information System." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197803005.

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With the development of the Internet, the geographic information system gets a chance to develop rapidly. Aiming at the security problems of existing geographic information systems, a Mimic Geographic Information System, i.e. M-GIS, based on mimic defense is proposed to improve the security of geographic information systems. The system consists of heterogeneous redundancy geographic information execution bodies pool, request distributor, scheduler and arbiter. Firstly, the scheduler dynamically selects the geographic information execution bodies set for processing, and then makes a mimic decision on the processing results. The experimental results show that the mimic system is more security than traditional system.

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3

Harvey, Francis. "From Geographic Holism to Geographic Information System." Professional Geographer 49, no. 1 (February 1997): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00058.

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4

Hess, Ronald L., Ronald S. Rubin, and Lawrence A. West. "Geographic information systems as a marketing information system technology." Decision Support Systems 38, no. 2 (November 2004): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9236(03)00102-7.

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5

Patil, Mrs Shweta, and A. R. Kambekar. "Floodplain Mapping Using Hydraulic Simulation and Geographic Information System." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, no. 39 (October 21, 2022): 2027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i39.1056.

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6

Unel, F. B., I. B. Gundogdu, and S. Yalpir. "The Impact of Multimedia Geographic Information System in Tourism." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 7, no. 1 (February 2014): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2015.v7.935.

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7

Veshtort, A. M., S. I. Kashkevich, S. B. Kostyukevich, V. V. Krasnoproshin, and S. G. Sinyakovich. "A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHIC REGIONALIZATION." Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing 25, no. 4 (October 1988): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1988.10641729.

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8

WANG, Xiao-Jun. "Participatory geographic information system review." Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 18, no. 5 (December 10, 2010): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2010.01138.

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9

Koeva, M. "GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM – TOBEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W1 (May 6, 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w1-37-2013.

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10

Varushenko, S. S. "Domestic Geographic Information System AXIOM." Geodesy and Cartography 906, no. 13 (February 29, 2016): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2015-32-33.

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11

ORIKASA, Kouhei, and Hiroshi MURAKAMI. "Outline of Geographic Information System." Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology 3, no. 2 (1999): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2743/jve.3.101.

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12

KUBO, Sachio. "Multi-media Geographic Information System." Journal of the Japan society of photogrammetry and remote sensing 30, no. 6 (1991): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4287/jsprs.30.6_47.

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13

Ibragimova, Elina I. "GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA MODELS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/12, no. 150 (2024): 86–91. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.09.12.014.

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Data models are the core of geographic information systems (GIS). Currently, many GIS data models have been proposed, and many concepts have emerged that are easily confused. This article summarizes the basic concepts and theories of data models in the field of geographic information systems, as well as compares and analyzes data models and some related concepts. The concept of data modeling is discussed and the three values it contains are analyzed. Three levels of data model abstraction are explained and analyzed, the geographic information system data model is classified according to various separation rules, and the spatial data model is analyzed.

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14

Terrell, T. J. "Building a geographic information system." IEEE Computer Applications in Power 4, no. 3 (July 1991): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/67.85964.

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15

Dewa, P., B. Mulyanti, and I. Widiaty. "Geographic information system in education." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 830 (May 19, 2020): 042097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/830/4/042097.

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16

DJAMALUDDIN, IBRAHIM, POPPY INDRAYANI, YASUHIRO MITANI, SHUICHIRO TAGANE, and TETSUKAZU YAHARA. "GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) WEB SERVER FOR BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION SYSTEM." REINWARDTIA 14, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i2.1668.

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DJAMALUDDIN, I., INDRAYANI, P., MITANI, Y., TAGANE, S. & YAHARA, T. 2015. Geographic Information System (GIS) web server for biodiversity information system. Reinwardtia 14 (2): 249 - 258. - Ecological protection strategies, designed by sharing information and integrating data, play an important role in defining interconnections and interdependencies in research as well as in increasing global awareness. The Geographic Information System (GIS) web server is one technology solution to improve the interoperability and sharing between the biodiversity databases of an organization and the databases of other research groups. In this paper, a database system integration framework based on GIS technology and a GIS server system using the latest cloud-based technology have been developed to incorporate biodiversity databases in Asian region. A GIS server is a GIS web platform integrating multiple geodatabases and provides data display and query, allowing users to apply internet browsers to manipulate the functions and query the data, etc. To demonstrate the effectiveness of a GIS web server, plant biodiversity survey dataset of Mt. Gede Pangrango, West Java in Indonesia, was given as a case study for development and utilization of biodiversity information system in Asian region.

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17

Tongkaw, Sasalak. "Management Information Systems and Geographic Information System for Managing Durian Resources." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 5, no. 5 (March 20, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2021.05.005.

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The objective of this research is to develop the data for durian resources with a data collection system via the web-based system and the development of geographic information systems for durian resource management, and the local wisdom of Thai durian gardeners by designing the implement in the same database system, then presenting the durian data in southern Thailand by linking the geographic information system visualization to the map. In this research, the system method is designed using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which includes six steps: requirement gathering and analysis, system design, implementation, integration and testing, development of a system, and maintenance. The results will show the visualization from both systems form and provide the report data with durian gardeners' needs.

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18

Bizjak, Igor. "More than a Geographic information system." Urbani izziv 19, no. 1 (2008): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2008-19-01-012.

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19

Subarkah, Krisna, and Muhammad Lulu Latif Usman. "Tourist Geographic Information System in Baturaden." Journal of Informatics, Information System, Software Engineering and Applications (INISTA) 4, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/inista.v4i2.529.

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As the largest archipelago country in the world, Indonesia has many tourist attractions. One of the tours in Indonesia is tourism in the Baturaden area. To increase tourism promotion and management, a supporting application is needed, one of which is by using WebGIS. This WebGIS application is then used as a medium for spatial information for mapping tourism in Baturaden. The method used in this research is to use the Agile model development method using BlackBox testing. The results of this study are in the form of a WebGIS application prototype for tourism mapping in Baturaden, which is declared valid using BlackBox testing. As the largest archipelago country in the world, Indonesia has many tourist attractions. One of the tours in Indonesia is tourism in the Baturaden area. To increase tourism promotion and management, a supporting application is needed, one of which is by using WebGIS. This WebGIS application is then used as a medium for spatial information for mapping tourism in Baturaden. The method used in this research is to use the Agile model development method using BlackBox testing. The results of this study are in the form of a WebGIS application prototype for tourism mapping in Baturaden, which is declared valid using BlackBox testing.

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20

Burke, Robin, Penny Masuoka, and K. Darwin Murrell. "SwineTrichinellaInfection and Geographic Information System Tools." Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 7 (July 2008): 1109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1407.071538.

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21

Smyrnew, John M. "Trends in Geographic Information System Technology." Journal of Surveying Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1990): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1990)116:2(105).

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22

Ahmad, Imran, Mithas Ahmad Dar, Tesfa Gebrie Andualem, and Afera Halefom Teka. "Groundwater development using geographic information system." Applied Geomatics 12, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12518-019-00283-6.

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23

Muthanna, Gawaher, and M. S. M. Amin. "Irrigation planning using geographic information system." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 16, no. 4 (August 2005): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830510601226.

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24

Shishinashvili, Manuchar Tamazovich. "MOTOR ROADS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM." Theoretical & Applied Science 54, no. 10 (October 30, 2017): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2017.10.54.13.

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25

Pramuditha Shinta Dewi Puspitasari, Arvita Agus Kurniasari, and Trismayanti Dwi Puspitasari. "Geographic Information System Mapping of Plantation." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 4, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci1162.

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Perusahaan Daerah Perkebunan (PDP) Kahyangan is a Regional Owned Enterprise in Jember Regency which was formed to realize the prosperity of the community. In Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2012-chapter 3 clauses 2, the government can manage regional finances by exploring sources of Regional Original Income, one of which is from the PDP. In addition, the purpose of the establishment of the PDP is as a means of developing the economy in the context of regional development by increasing productivity from all aspects to increase regional income. The main commodities are coffee and rubber, cloves, Mahoni, and Sengon wood are supporting commodities. Based on interviews PDP's profit contribution to Jember's income has continued to decline in recent years due to the absence of good management of its potential. So, this research will manage a system that can assist in obtaining information about the distribution of plantation land commodities in Jember, as well as mapping existing commodities by Geographic Information System (GIS). The method for developing GIS uses a Design Sprint. The output of this method prototypes and will implement in the GIS application.

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26

Morehouse, Scott. "The ARC/INFO geographic information system." Computers & Geosciences 18, no. 4 (May 1992): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90073-z.

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27

KIRIMURA, Takashi. "Yano, K.: GIS: Geographic Information System." Geographical review of Japan series A 95, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj.95.227.

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28

He, Shaofu, and Fei Li. "Artificial Neural Network Model in Spatial Analysis of Geographic Information System." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (October 15, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1166877.

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In the past two decades, the computer technology industry has developed rapidly, and the geological prospecting industry is also undergoing a computerized and electronic revolution. The application technology of new geological information systems is gradually adding us to the spatial information system of geological prospecting projects. In order to deeply study the current situation of the artificial neural network model in the spatial analysis of our country’s geographic information system, this paper uses the traditional classification analysis method; database analysis and neural network analysis method of compensating samples were collected, an artificial model of the network is established, and the algorithm is simplified. And a neural network model is created. In the research of A and B counties’ geographic information system, using a new network model, 61 geological disasters were found in County A, of which 47 were landslides, 4 collapses, and 10 unstable slopes. There were 19 geographical disasters in County B, including 9 unstable slopes, 6 landslides and 4 collapses. In terms of geographic prediction combined with the network model, the comparison with the actual situation shows that the geographical distribution is 99.7% in the geographical and geological disaster-prone areas, and the geographical distribution is less in the nonprone areas, with a proportion of 0.3%. Geological disaster-prone areas of low points accounted for 76.9%, and the number of disaster-affected points in the low-prone areas accounted for 22.8%. The geographical and geological grades divided by the evaluation model are basically consistent with the actual grades, which can meet the needs of geographic evaluation. It is basically realized that starting from the model’s geographic information system, a more comprehensive and practical artificial neural network model is designed.

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29

Ramadhani, Nur Rachmat Fajar, Eka Prasetyaningrum, and Lukman Bachtiar. "Sistem Informasi Geografis Apotek di Kotawaringin Timur Berbasis Web." Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bits.v2i2.549.

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Geographical Information System is an information system that is specialized in processing data that has spatial information (spatial reference). In a narrower sense, a Geographical Information System is a computer system that has the ability to build, store, manage and display geographic information, for example, data that is identified according to its location in a database. The purpose of this geographic information system is to find out information on the location of the distribution of pharmacies and drug data information in East Kotawaringin, so as to help people and people who are not native to East Kotawaringin. The development of a web-based pharmacy geographic information system in East Kotawaringin uses the programming language PHP and MySQL as the database system.

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30

Pollock, Richard J., and John D. McLaughlin. "Data‐Base Management System Technology and Geographic Information Systems." Journal of Surveying Engineering 117, no. 1 (February 1991): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1991)117:1(9).

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31

Limgomonvilas, Teerawate. "Integrated geographic information systems for agricultural drip system development." Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14416/j.appsci.2017.11.003.

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32

Zeniarja, Junta, Ardytha Luthfiarta, and Catur Supriyanto. "Naive Bayes Classifier Based Geographic Information System for University Search Information." Journal of Applied Intelligent System 2, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jais.v2i2.1587.

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Information about the geographical location of universities is necessary for graduates of Senior High School who want to continue their education to a university. Most of the graduate students do not know the location of the universities since the geographical location of Google Maps is less clear and less precise. Therefore, the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on Information Retrieval (IR) is expected to facilitate the graduate students to know the exact location of the university. In this paper, IR-based GIS application is developed by using web programming. The web is used as a search engine when someone wants to find a college. The application shows the map and information of the college in the area according to the query of the user. Naive Bayes algorithm is used to classify the user query and locate the query on the map. Based on our prototype, the application is promising to be implemented for the student.

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33

Whei-Min Lin, Ming-Tong Tsay, and Su-Wei Wu. "Application of geographic information system to distribution information support." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 11, no. 1 (1996): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.486095.

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34

Hassan, R. F., and M. S. Mohammed. "Information Hiding Using Geographic Information System (GIS) Vector File." Engineering and Technology Journal 35, no. 2B (February 1, 2017): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.2017.138666.

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35

Gao, Zhao Zhong, and Hai Xia Wei. "Implementation of Urban 3D Geographic Information System." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.721.

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With the digital development of city construction, the construction of three-dimensional Geographic Information System plays an important role for the urban construction planning and decision-making. 3D urban planning geographic information management systems need to be able to put different spatial data, information of urban construction, urban planning information into the same platform. The integration of information resources whick provids a variety of spatial information based on the intelligent application services is the core. This article puts urban planning geographic information management related to business needs in-depth analysis, and put forward a three-dimensional geographic information model which is used for integrated management of data and can be dynamically adjusted for urban planning and management of business processes.

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36

Nengsih, Warnia. "Forecasting Analysis on Land Detection System Based on Geographic Information System." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 1, no. 3 (January 4, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.31954.

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Geographic Information System (GIS) is an information system that performs geographic-based data visualization. The system performs mapping between various data points based on geographical location. Difficulties in mapping land in a region is the basis for the development of GIS applications for the detection of land. This system does not only detect vacant land in a region, but it also provides identification of land, and provides information about the size of the land, the land position, as well as access to nearby public facilities. The system is developed using a mobile platform as a value system that is more flexible and dynamic. For the analysis of the forecasting in an area uses a multiple regression method involving three independent variables, namely the use of dry land, the use of building land and land use. The results of the predictive forecasting provides location points of interest and public facilities located in the location which make it easy to give consideration in selecting a location which is appropriate to build.

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37

Allaw, Kamel, Jocelyne Adjizian Gerard, Makram Zouheir Chehayeb, and Nada Badaro Saliba. "Population estimation using geographic information system and remote sensing for unorganized areas." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 7, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.7.2.75-86.

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Population estimation using remotely sensed data has been largely discussed in the literature relative to human geography. However, the previously established models can be applied on organized areas (mainly urban areas) but they are not suitable for unorganized areas which already suffer from a lack of population data. So, the aim of this study is the establish a statistical model for population estimation based on remote sensing data and suitable for unorganized areas. To do so, the morphological characteristics have been studied and a bivariate analysis was carried out to determine factors having a strong relationship with population data as a first step. Second, factors with strongest correlations have been chosen to establish the required model. As a result, an equation has been generated which relates the population data to building volume, density of roads, number of nodes, actual urban areas, and urban trend.

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38

Agcaoili, Shirly. "Analysis on the Land Suitability for Coconut Cultivation using Geographic Information System." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 16, no. 20 (May 27, 2023): 1477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v16i20.1199.

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39

Taravat, Alireza, Alireza Shahrjerdi, and Maryam Pourhassan. "Health geographic information system and HIV/AIDS." Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 32, no. 2 (2011): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.85436.

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40

Bazurto, José Javier Bravo, Victor Alfonso Martínez Falcones, María Rodríguez Gámez, and María Giuseppina Vanga Arvelo. "Geographic information system for manabí sustainable development." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 6, no. 6 (September 10, 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n6.741.

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One of the barriers that are recognized based on the sustainable development of the territories is related to the lack of information. This research aims to design a Geographic Information System for information management of Renewable Energy Sources (FRE), which improve its quality, energy efficiency and enhance the diversification of generation sources in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Following a documentary and applied research, the proposed system will be shown through a GeoWeb where it is intended to replace the manual way of updating information regarding FRE, conventional energy sources and renewable potentials by an automated system, with greater consistency and facilitating the handling and access to information quickly and safely; In addition to making viable the decision-making and the conception of strategies, with an integrating vision that allows to move from the current energy model that is based on fossil fuels to an energy-sustainable one.

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41

Usmani, Raja Sher Afgun, Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem, Thulasyammal Ramiah Pillai, Anum Saeed, and Akibu Mahmoud Abdullahi. "Geographic Information System and Big Spatial Data." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 16, no. 4 (October 2020): 101–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2020100106.

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Geographic information system (GIS) is designed to generate maps, manage spatial datasets, perform sophisticated “what if” spatial analyses, visualize multiple spatial datasets simultaneously, and solve location-based queries. The impact of big data is in every industry, including the GIS. The location-based big data also known as big spatial data has significant implications as it forces the industry to contemplate how to acquire and leverage spatial information. In this study, a comprehensive taxonomy is created to provide a better understanding of the uses of GIS and big spatial data. The taxonomy is made up of big data technologies, GIS data sources, tools, analytics, and applications. The authors look into the importance of big spatial data and its implications, review the data sources, and GIS analytics, applications, and GIS tools. Furthermore, in order to guide researchers interested in GIS, the challenges that require substantial research efforts are taken into account. Lastly, open issues in GIS that require further observation are summarized.

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42

Chaudary, Jatin. "Use of geographic information system in dentistry." Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry 18, no. 4 (2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_117_20.

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43

Alattar, Mohammad Anwar, Mark Beecroft, and Caitlin Cottrill. "Geographic Information System and Atomized Transportation Modes." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (May 25, 2022): 1069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020070.

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Transportation is a spatial activity. The geographic Information System (GIS) is the process of capturing, managing, analyzing, and presenting spatial data. GIS techniques are essential to the study of various aspects of transportation. In this entry, the state of knowledge regarding atomized transportation modes is presented. Atomized transportation modes are defined as transportation modes which deal with low passenger numbers.

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44

He, Wengting. "Geographic Information System-based watershed geomorphic mapping." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 241 (2021): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27565.

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45

Wiyanda, Agung, Suswanto, and F. V. Astrolabe Sian Prasetya. "Development Tourism Geographic Information System of Samarinda." TEPIAN 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/tepian.v3i1.689.

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This research is motivated by the low level of dissemination of tourism information in the city of Samarinda. Samarinda is one of the cities with very diverse and interesting tourism potentials to explore. The beauty of the urban area and being one of the cities that is crossed by the largest river in the province of East Kalimantan, namely the Mahakam river, makes it one of the tourist destinations that has its own charm, but unfortunately at this time the tourism places in the city of Samarinda have not been widely publicized due to lack of information. About tourism that is given to the public and there are also some places that have not been or have just been opened to become tourist sites. This study uses spatial data in the form of location coordinates and non-spatial data in the form of attribute data including tourist names, addresses, and types of tours, descriptions and pictures. Making the Samarinda City Tourism Geographic Information System website using the Leaflet API as a base map. The database created using PHPMyAdmin on the Samarinda City Tourism Geographic Information System is based on collecting secondary data on tourism information at the Samarinda City Tourism Office and also collecting primary data by interviewing tourist objects that have not been recorded at the Samarinda City Tourism Office. The system and appearance of the Samarinda City Tourism Geographic Information System website was built with the CodeIgniter 3 framework using Visual Studio Code as a text editor. The results of this study are the Samarinda City Tourism Geographic Information System which provides information on tourist names, addresses, types of tours, location coordinates, descriptions, images and is equipped with search features and also road routes to tourist sites. It is hoped that the Samarinda City Tourism Geographic Information System can provide adequate information about tourism information in the city of Samarinda so as to facilitate the delivery and acceptance to the public, especially prospective tourists.

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O’Neill, Wende A., and Elizabeth Harper. "Location Translation Within a Geographic Information System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1593, no. 1 (January 1997): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1593-08.

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Location translation allows the use of multiple spatial referencing methods within a geographic information system (GIS). Most GIS users are familiar with planar or spherical coordinates expressed as (x, y) pairs of numbers whose values reflect the map projection used. Coordinates are characterized as unique physical locations on the earth’s surface. Transportation professionals have added many methods of referencing data that occur along lines. Linear referencing systems generally reflect a measure of distance from a known point. Common linear referencing methods are route–milepoint and route–reference post–offset. Street (postal) address systems also fall into the category of linear references. Linear referencing methods do not uniquely define locations on the earth’s surface without additional information about the location of the line (or road) on the earth’s surface. Although many of the off-the-shelf GIS systems allow conversion among a wide variety of planar or spherical referencing systems, few accommodate linear referencing systems, and none are capable of translating among linear referencing systems or between planar or spherical and linear systems. Some of the issues that arise in the development of location translation systems are discussed. A description of the data model and database requirements of the system designed for the Utah Department of Transportation is included. This location translation system was developed to facilitate crash reporting in urban areas, although there are numerous applications within transportation agencies.

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Zhang, Yan, Larry Hoover, and Jihong (Solomon) Zhao. "Geographic Information System Effects on Policing Efficacy." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2014040103.

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GIS technology is credited with substantially improving police crime analysis and related resource allocation. Although GIS has been said to be an efficient and effective technology in policing, limited empirical assessment has been conducted. An examination of functions and a review of the literature suggests four major applications of GIS in policing: computerized crime mapping/crime analysis; “hot spots” identification; improving command-level decision making; and geographical investigative analysis (primarily offender profiling). The primary objective of this qualitative review is to identify the extent of empirical evaluations of the effectiveness of a GIS. Although there is some research reference offender profiling, results are mixed. Only two empirical evaluations have been published that examine crime mapping, and both are limited to effects on perceptions. No empirical work links GIS to police deployment effectiveness.

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48

Kursah, Matthew Biniyam. "Least-Cost Pipeline using Geographic Information System." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 8, no. 3 (July 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2017070101.

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Increasing demand for water in Wapuli and its environ led to a proposal to construct a pipeline to link the town to an existing water plant. This paper developed a geospatial model incorporating multi-criteria analysis involving technical factors such as slope, landcover, watercourses, distance to roads and soil types to determine a least-cost path for the pipeline. However, the first least-cost path passes through a tiny sacred grove near Moadani dam, necessitating the generation of a second least-cost path by considering sacred groves as constraint. The result showed that the least-cost path avoided steep slopes, and runs through relatively levelled grounds. This analysis showed the importance of cultural factors in route planning. It is recommended that in route planning attention be given to cultural factors much in the same way as the technical factors.

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Kimuro, Yoshihiko, Ryou Araya, Daisaku Arita, Takafumi Ienaga, Kouji Murakami, and Zhimei Yang. "R-GIS: Robotic and Geographic Information System." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 27, no. 8 (2009): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.27.868.

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Kao, Jehng-Jung, Hung-Yue Lin, and Wei-Yea Chen. "Network Geographic Information System for Landfill Siting." Waste Management & Research 15, no. 3 (June 1997): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9701500303.

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