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Basire, Yann, Théo Giunta y Laura Petri. "« Diego Maradona » : un héritage contesté sur le terrain du droit des marques". Pin Code N° 17-18, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2024): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.017.0008.
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Cet article met en lumière les conflits de propriété de la marque « DIEGO MARADONA » survenus après le décès de la légende du football. Enregistrée auprès de l’Office de l’Union européenne pour la propriété intellectuelle (EUIPO) par Diego Maradona en 2001, cette marque couvre divers produits et services. Après sa mort, la marque devient l’objet d’une lutte complexe lorsque Sattvica, une entreprise liée à son ancien avocat, tente de revendiquer la marque en se basant sur des documents dont la validité est contestée par les héritiers de Maradona et par l’EUIPO. Cette revendication est rejetée par l’Office, décision ensuite confirmée par le Tribunal de l’Union européenne, soulignant l’importance du formalisme strict dans le transfert de marques et la gestion délicate des droits de propriété industrielle post-mortem.
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SANCRISTOBAL-GAUD, M., G. RENAND, Y. AMIGUES, M. Y. BOSCHER, H. LEVEZIEL y B. BIBE. "Traçabilité individuelle des viandes bovines à l’aide de marqueurs génétiques". INRAE Productions Animales 13, n.º 4 (18 de agosto de 2000): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.4.3786.
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En réponse à la crise de confiance des consommateurs et leur régulière désaffection pour la viande bovine, et dans le cadre des efforts développés actuellement pour améliorer et sécuriser la traçabilité des bovins, nous avions pour objectif de proposer et de valider une méthode d’identification individuelle des viandes bovines à l’aide de marqueurs moléculaires de type microsatellite. Plusieurs prélèvements ont été effectués sur des jeunes bovins de domaines expérimentaux INRA, in vivo et post mortem. La détermination des génotypes aux 11 loci, puis la comparaison deux à deux de ces génotypes à l’aide d’une méthode statistique adéquate prenant en compte les particularités des microsatellites permet de recommander d’une part que le typage soit réalisé sur au moins huit marqueurs pour assurer une traçabilité parfaite, et d’autre part que des précautions indispensables soient prises concernant la qualité des prélèvements et la gestion des échantillons lors d’une mise en œuvre à grande échelle.
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Hyde, Georgia, Andrew Fry, Ashok Raghavan y Elspeth Whitby. "Visualisation of fetal meconium on post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging scans: a retrospective observational study". Acta Radiologica Open 9, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2020): 205846012097054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460120970541.
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Background Less invasive techniques for fetal post-mortems are increasingly used to correlate with parental wishes. With the use of post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), normal appearance of the organs must be established. Purpose To investigate the after death appearance of the fetal meconium throughout gestation using the hyperintense appearance of meconium on T1 weighted MRI. Material and Methods This was a retrospective study that took place in a tertiary referral centre radiology department. Sixty-two fetal body post-mortem MRI scans (January 2014 to May 2018) between 12 and 41 weeks gestation were reviewed. Signal intensity of meconium at the rectum, sigmoid colon, splenic flexure and hepatic flexure was evaluated and correlated with gestational age. Interrater reliability was calculated. Results Meconium did not consistently have high signal intensity on T1 scans and was not always obvious. Rectal meconium had the highest intensity, and the more proximal the bowel the lower the intensity. The meconium had higher intensity at earlier gestations. Interrater reliability for rectal meconium gradings was excellent. Conclusion This study provides the first published primary research on the appearance of fetal meconium on post-mortem MRI. Overall, results were variable and suggest an alteration of bowel contents after death, but further investigation is needed to effectively inform practice.
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Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Flora Lobo, Mahabalesh Shetty y Preetham S. "Post-mortem diagnosis of Gestation Choriocarcinoma -A Case Report". Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine 29, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2007): 59–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971097320070403.
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Cevik, Muge, Olga L. Moncayo-Nieto y Margaret J. Evans. "Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-associated early pregnancy loss: an emerging neonatal and maternal pathogen". Infection 48, n.º 2 (23 de septiembre de 2019): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-019-01359-6.
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Abstract Objectives There is increasing evidence indicating an association between invasive non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection in pregnancy and early pregnancy loss. As the diagnosis relies on microbiological investigation of post-mortem placental and foetal samples, a significant proportion of NTHi-related pregnancy loss remains unrecognised. To better characterise NTHi in septic abortion, we report NTHi cases associated with early pregnancy loss. Methods We reviewed all post-mortems at <24 weeks gestation with histologically proven acute chorioamnionitis on placental histology and enrolled cases with at least one matched foetal and placental sample culture positive for NTHi. The study was approved by the NHS Lothian Caldicott Guardian. Results In our cohort, invasive NTHi has accounted for 20% of infections associated with early pregnancy loss prior to 24 weeks gestation. All patients were young and healthy pregnant women at < 20 weeks' gestation who presented with abdominal pain, PV bleed /discharge and were septic at the time of presentation. One patient with previous history of miscarriage who presented with cervical incompetence had more severe pathology suggestive of early intrauterine pneumonia. Conclusion The burden of invasive NTHi disease in early pregnancy loss is likely to be much larger than currently recognised. NTHi should be considered in pregnant women presenting with abdominal pain and PV bleed/discharge in whom clinical signs of sepsis are present. Active surveillance should be considered in this patient group including septic abortion to capture the true prevalence of this emerging pathogen to inform preventative and therapeutic approaches.
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Meissel, Franz-Stefan. "IV. Totenfürsorge als Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag? Actio funeraria und postmortaler Persönlichkeitsschutz". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 138, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2021-0004.
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Abstract Burying the dead as management of another´s affairs. Actio funeraria and the protection of personality rights post mortem. The paper discusses the history and the function of the Roman actio funeraria. It is argued that the claim for reimbursement of the funeral of another person is historically older than the recognition of negotiorum gestio at large and can be seen as a precursor of the actio negotiorum gestorum.
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Yates, Nathanael J., Kirk W. Feindel, Andrew Mehnert, Richard Beare, Sophia Quick, Dominique Blache, J. Jane Pillow y Rod W. Hunt. "Ex Vivo MRI Analytical Methods and Brain Pathology in Preterm Lambs Treated with Postnatal Dexamethasone †". Brain Sciences 10, n.º 4 (3 de abril de 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040211.
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Postnatal glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone are effective in promoting lung development in preterm infants, but are prescribed cautiously due to concerns of neurological harm. We developed an analysis pipeline for post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess brain development and hence the neurological safety profile of postnatal dexamethasone in preterm lambs. Lambs were delivered via caesarean section at 129 days’ (d) gestation (full term ≈ 150 d) with saline-vehicle control (Saline, n = 9), low-dose tapered dexamethasone (cumulative dose = 0.75 mg/kg, n = 8), or high-dose tapered dexamethasone (cumulative dose = 2.67 mg/kg, n = 8), for seven days. Naïve fetal lambs (136 d gestation) were used as end-point maturation controls. The left-brain hemispheres were immersion-fixed in 10 % formalin (24 h), followed by paraformaldehyde (>6 months). Image sequences were empirically optimized for T1- and T2-weighted MRI and analysed using accessible methods. Spontaneous lesions detected in the white matter of the frontal cortex, temporo-parietal cortex, occipital lobe, and deep to the parahippocampal gyrus were confirmed with histology. Neither postnatal dexamethasone treatment nor gestation showed any associations with lesion incidence, frontal cortex (total, white, or grey matter) or hippocampal volume (all p > 0.05). Postnatal dexamethasone did not appear to adversely affect neurodevelopment. Our post-mortem MRI analysis pipeline is suitable for other animal models of brain development.
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Bobić Rasonja, Mihaela, Darko Orešković, Vinka Knezović, Ivana Pogledić, Daniela Pupačić, Mario Vukšić, Peter C. Brugger, Daniela Prayer, Zdravko Petanjek y Nataša Jovanov Milošević. "Histological and MRI Study of the Development of the Human Indusium Griseum". Cerebral Cortex 29, n.º 11 (4 de febrero de 2019): 4709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz004.
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Abstract To uncover the ontogenesis of the human indusium griseum (IG), 28 post-mortem fetal human brains, 12–40 postconceptional weeks (PCW) of age, and 4 adult brains were analyzed immunohistochemically and compared with post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 28 fetal brains (14–41 PCW). The morphogenesis of the IG occurred between 12 and 15 PCW, transforming the bilateral IG primordia into a ribbon-like cortical lamina. The histogenetic transition of sub-laminated zones into the three-layered cortical organization occurred between 15 and 35 PCW, concomitantly with rapid cell differentiation that occurred from 18 to 28 PCW and the elaboration of neuronal connectivity during the entire second half of gestation. The increasing number of total cells and neurons in the IG at 25 and 35 PCW confirmed its continued differentiation throughout this period. High-field 3.0 T post-mortem MRI enabled visualization of the IG at the mid-fetal stage using T2-weighted sequences. In conclusion, the IG had a distinct histogenetic differentiation pattern than that of the neighboring intralimbic areas of the same ontogenetic origin, and did not show any signs of regression during the fetal period or postnatally, implying a functional role of the IG in the adult brain, which is yet to be disclosed.
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Zhang, Zhonghe, Haiwei Meng, Zhongyu Hou, Jun Ma, Lei Feng, Xiangtao Lin, Yuchun Tang, Xiaoli Zhang, Qingwei Liu y Shuwei Liu. "Fetal Adrenal Gland in the Second Half of Gestation: Morphometrical Assessment with 3.0T Post-Mortem MRI". PLoS ONE 8, n.º 10 (7 de octubre de 2013): e75511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075511.
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Staicu, Adelina, Roxana Popa-Stanilă, Dan Gheban, Liviu Chiriac, Flaviu RV Turcu, Gabriela Caracostea y Florin Stamatian. "Imagistic and histopathological description of a cystic nephroma during early second trimester of gestation. Case report." Medical Ultrasonography 19, n.º 3 (19 de diciembre de 2016): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-930.
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Cystic nephroma is a rare and benign renal tumour of unknown origin, usually diagnosed in the first years of childhood or during adult life. To our knowledge, there are no records in the literature of this particular tumour being descried prenatally. We present a case of a fetus diagnosed with cystic nephroma on 16 weeks of gestation. The renal tumour was evaluated by prenatal ultrasound, post mortem with 7T magnetic resonance imaging, and conventional autopsy.
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González Gea, Esther. "Implicaciones de las mujeres en el retrato fotográfico post mortem desde su aparición hasta la actualidad". MUSAS. Revista de Investigación en Mujer, Salud y Sociedad 9, n.º 2 (29 de noviembre de 2024): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1344/musas2024.vol9.num2.4.
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El presente artículo hace un recorrido de carácter histórico desde la aparición del retrato fotográfico post mortem en el siglo xix hasta la actualidad, poniendo el foco en la importancia que las mujeres han tenido en su gestación, desarrollo y supervivencia. Pues las mujeres siempre han mantenido una relación próxima con la muerte, tanto por cuestiones simbólicas-biológicas como de origen práctico derivadas de las primeras: llorarlos, arreglarlos, velarlos y recordarlos. Todo ello ha influido en una feminización de la muerte, especialmente a partir del siglo xix, que se pone de manifiesto en el retrato fotográfico post mortem. En ese contexto, estos retratos funcionan para restituir la identidad, reforzar los lazos familiares, y aproximarse a los difuntos cuando sea necesario en beneficio de un correcto duelo. La imagen fotográfica del difunto en solitario o en compañía es una representación visual que ha sufrido ligeras variaciones a lo largo del tiempo y que contiene distintas funciones, en las que se entrelaza lo representado con su condición material y su destino. Además, este tipo de imágenes son un documento que da pistas de las diferentes épocas con sus respectivas mentalidades y las unifica alrededor de la pérdida y la gestión de esta. Al final, estas fotografías interpelan con multitud de preguntas sobre la falta y sus consecuencias tanto en el pasado como en el presente por lo que se necesita de la interdisciplinariedad para abordarlas en su complejidad.
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Rivaldi, Claudia y Dianora Torrini. "Vivere il lutto nella professione assistenziale. Sequele post-traumatiche e rischio di burn-out negli operatori sanitari". PSICOBIETTIVO, n.º 3 (mayo de 2010): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psob2009-003010.
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La morte durante la gravidanza o dopo il parto č un evento profondamente stressante, che puň compromettere l'equilibrio psichico della madre e della coppia genitoriale, e associarsi a disturbi psichici di lunga durata. L'assistenza ai genitori colpiti da lutto puň essere estremamente stressante anche per l'operatore, che molto spesso č impreparato nell'affrontare una gravidanza che si conclude con la morte del bambino. Spesso i genitori percepiscono la mancanza di assistenza psicologica come un trauma aggiuntivo alla perdita, ed i caregivers rivestono un importante ruolo nel determinare la qualitŕ del percorso di elaborazione del lutto. L'associazione CiaoLapo ONLUS fornisce dal 2006 supporto psicologico ai genitori in lutto e promuove formazione e ricerca sui genitori e sugli operatori nel campo del lutto perinatale. In questo articolo sono presentati i risultati preliminari di uno studio condotto nell'Area Vasta di Firenze. Lo studio si č svolto in due fasi; una prima fase ha visto coinvolti 60 operatori dell'area materno-infantile e successivamente sono state arruolate 100 ostetriche della ASL 10 di Firenze. L'obiettivo era quello di approfondire l'impatto traumatico della morte intrauterina con particolare attenzione alla relazione tra esperienze professionali traumatiche (misurate con l'Impact of Event Scale IES) e sviluppo di sindrome da burn-out (misurata con la Maslach Burn-Out Inventory - MBI). I punteggi di entrambi i test sono risultati significativamente piů alti nelle ostetriche rispetto alle altre categorie professionali. Le ostetriche sembrano dunque piů esposte all'impatto traumatico della morte intrauterina rispetto agli altri colleghi coinvolti nella gestione della coppia affetta da morte in utero, e dovrebbero potersi avvalere di una formazione specifica sul lutto e di un supporto psicologico quando necessario.
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Nguyen-Kien, C. y C. Hanzen. "Examen ante et post mortem du tractus génital de vaches laitières du Sud Vietnam". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 66, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10135.
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De fevrier a aout 2012, 507 vaches de reforme, de race croisee Holstein x Lai Sind et d’age moyen de 8,5 ans, ont ete examinees ante mortem (determination de l’age par l’examen de la denture, evaluation du score corporel, examen vaginal au moyen d’un speculum) et post mortem (examen echographique des ovaires, examen du contenu uterin). Pres de la moitie (44,4 p. 100) ont eu un score corporel inferieur a 2,5. Les frequences du pneumovagin et de l’urovagin ont ete respectivement de 33,1 et 14,7 p. 100 ; l’age et le score corporel ont exerce un effet significatif sur la frequence de ces pathologies. Les frequences des ecoulements vaginaux et des contenus uterins anormaux ont ete respectivement de 12,1 et 5,4 p. 100. Sur les 507 vaches examinees, 226 vaches (44,6 p. 100) etaient en anoestrus. La frequence des anoestrus associes a une gestation a ete de 4,9 p. 100, et la frequence des anoestrus pathologiques fonctionnels (types 0, I et II), associes a un kyste, a un pyometre a ete respectivement de 37,3, 2, 0,4. Les anoestrus pathologiques de type 0 et I ont ete plus frequemment observes chez les vaches maigres et chez celles agees de moins de six ans.
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Scalise, Carmen, Fabrizio Cordasco, Matteo Antonio Sacco, Pietrantonio Ricci y Isabella Aquila. "The Importance of Post-Mortem Investigations in Stillbirths: Case Studies and a Review of the Literature". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 14 (20 de julio de 2022): 8817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148817.
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Stillbirth has an important economic and social impact, though it remains “inexplicable” in many cases. We report the analysis of 11 cases of intrauterine fetal death carried out through a retrospective study conducted in the period between 2014 and 2017. The purpose of the study is to quantify the contribution of the autopsy and placental examination in identifying the cause of stillbirths. For each case, the medical record was analyzed with the relative maternal and partner data, the results of the external fetal and autopsy examination as well as the macroscopic and histological placental examination. The peak of stillbirth was found in a maternal age group between 30 and 39 years, below the 32nd week and above the 37th week of gestation. The results obtained from the clinical history and external fetal examination make it possible to trace the cause of death in only 18.2% of cases. By adding to these data, the results of the fetal autopsy and the placental examination, it is possible to establish the cause of death in 90.9% of cases. The most frequent abnormalities found in the placenta and cord were short or hypercoiled cord, umbilical cord vascular thrombosis, turns around the neck or stretching of the funiculus, placental infarction and placental insufficiency; also, amniotic fluid abnormalities, such as suspected oligohydramnios and chorioamniositi, were found. The accurate analysis of post-mortem placental and fetal examination is essential to reduce the number of unresponsive intrauterine fetal deaths. Determining the cause of fetal death must help clinicians and parents in better management and care in future pregnancies.
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Arpaia, Anna. "Σενέκα οὐσία: considerazioni circa la formazione della proprietà di Seneca in Egitto (e la datazione del soggiorno senecano nella provincia)". Klio 106, n.º 1 (16 de mayo de 2024): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-0019.
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Riassunto Un indice delle fonti papirologiche relative alle proprietà possedute da Seneca il Giovane in Egitto è già stato fornito da Parássoglou<fnote> Parássoglou 1978, 24.</fnote>, ad eccezione di un testo, ivi citato ma pubblicato e integrato successivamente. Quest’ultimo è particolarmente rilevante tra le fonti, e sarà qui analizzato contestualmente (SB XVI 12383<fnote> TM 16229 (= C. Pap. Gr. II 8 = SB XIV 11336 = CdÉ 55 [1980], p. 272).</fnote>). Alcuni nuovi dati di carattere cronologico, in particolare la rivista datazione del medesimo papiro, consentono di presentare una nuova ipotesi in merito ai tempi di formazione dei beni senecani (senz’altro prima del 55 d.C.); si sostiene la possibilità dell’acquisizione di proprietà in Egitto in data precedente alle presunte donazioni di Nerone, e si pongono in risalto gli elementi a favore di un interesse precoce per possedimenti locali, ovvero il soggiorno alessandrino e la produzione di un’opera giovanile – perduta – in tema di geografia e riti egiziani. Inoltre, si annovera la discussa datazione della prefettura d’Egitto dello zio di Seneca, Gaius Galerius, a favore di una ricollocazione cronologica del medesimo soggiorno di Seneca adolescente nella provincia, eventualmente più lungo di quanto precedentemente affermato, ovvero ante 19 d.C. – e/o comunque anteriore alla data di arrivo convenzionalmente accettata (21 d.C.) – e fino al 27 d.C. L’appendice si incentra sulla natura dei documenti più antichi relativi alla Σενέκα οὐσία (Σενεκανὴ οὐσία per i documenti post mortem<fnote> L’uso di un aggettivo riferito all’οὐσία, ottenuto dal nome proprio mediante l’aggiunta del suffisso latino -ianus o -iana, in alternativa alla forma con πρότερον, è una modalità comune per definire un grande bene fondiario mediante un proprietario noto, precedente o originario, e vale dunque da segno distintivo o di riconoscimento (la forma Σενεκ(ι)ανὴ οὐσία è la più diffusa nei papiri, per la datazione della maggioranza delle fonti successivamente alla morte di Seneca).</fnote>), che siano coevi o di poco successivi alla morte di Seneca, e sull’inquadramento e la natura amministrativa del ruolo di ‘appaltatore’ (μισθωτής) di Tiberius Claudius Theon, incaricato della gestione complessiva delle proprietà di Seneca in Egitto, o quantomeno dei fondi ubicati nella circoscrizione dell’Ossirinchite.
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Kim, Taehong, Hoon Ko, Joung-Hee Byun, Hyoung Doo Lee, Hyungtae Kim, Kwangho Choi y Joo-Young Na. "A Case of Prenatally Diagnosed Uhl’s Anomaly with Absent Pulmonary Valve Leaflets and Dysplastic Tricuspid Valve". Children 8, n.º 3 (3 de marzo de 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030190.
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Uhl’s anomaly is a very rare malformation of unknown cause, characterized by complete or partial absence of the right ventricular myocardium. The cardiac malformation causes progressive right heart failure, increased right-sided cardiac pressure, massive peripheral edema, and ascites. Patients usually present in infancy and rarely survive to adulthood. Previously, diagnosis was made at post-mortem evaluation, but advances in cardiac imaging now permit diagnosis during fetal life. We report a case of Uhl’s anomaly in a newborn baby imaged at 23 + 3 weeks of gestation by fetal echocardiography. There was an aneurysmally dilated thin-walled right ventricle with hypertrophy of the right ventricular apical muscles, the tricuspid valve was dysplastic, and the pulmonary valve leaflets were absent.
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Lanci, Aliai, Martina Ingallinesi, Maria Morini, Francesca Freccero, Carolina Castagnetti y Jole Mariella. "Fetal Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Hydramnios in a Quarter Horse Mare". Veterinary Sciences 8, n.º 10 (22 de septiembre de 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8100201.
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Hydramnios is an excessive accumulation of fluid within the amniotic compartment. It is a rare condition in mares, often associated with fetal anomalies. Hydrops of fetal membranes predisposes to the rupture of the prepubic tendon, and many authors suggest the induction of parturition to preserve mare’s reproductive career. This report presents the case of a 15-year-old multiparous Quarter Horse mare, referred at 268 days of gestation for suspected hydrops. Repeated ultrasonographic exams confirmed an increase in the depth of the amniotic fluid and reduced fetal viability. During the hospitalization, the mare developed a partial rupture of the prepubic tendon. In this case, a conservative approach was elected, and the mare was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and an abdominal support bandage. At 327 days of gestation, the mare gave birth to a foal with APGAR score 1. The resuscitation attempt was unsuccessful, and the foal died immediately. A post-mortem examination diagnosed a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic eventration.
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Scola, Elisa, Giorgio Conte, Giovanni Palumbo, Sabrina Avignone, Claudia Maria Cinnante, Simona Boito, Nicola Persico, Tommaso Rizzuti y Fabio Triulzi. "High resolution post-mortem MRI of non-fixed in situ foetal brain in the second trimester of gestation: Normal foetal brain development". European Radiology 28, n.º 1 (28 de julio de 2017): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-4965-y.
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Pedreira, Denise Araújo Lapa, Rita de Cássia Sanchez e. Oliveira, Paulo Roberto Valente, Rogério C. Abou-Jamra, Andrezza Araújo y Paulo Hilário Saldiva. "Validation of the ovine fetus as an experimental model for the human myelomeningocele defect". Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 22, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502007000300003.
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PURPOSE: To produce a myelomeningocele-like human defect in the ovine fetus and validate this experimental model in our population. METHODS: A prospective study on 12 pregnant sheep of a crossed Hampshire/Down breed where a spinal defect was surgically created between Day 75 and Day 77 after conception. The technique consisted of a hysterotomy with exposure of fetal hind limbs and tail up to the mid spine. Fetal skin, paravertebral muscles, and 4 posterior spinal arches were excised, exposing the spinal cord. Duramater was opened and the medulla was incised until the medullar canal. Animals were euthanized at 139 days of gestation for fetal evaluation. The central nervous system was submitted to post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the spine was submitted to pathological examination. RESULTS: The defect was created in 13 fetuses and 5 survived. Mean gestational age at necropsy was 121.6 days (varying from 93 to 145 days). Macroscopically, the defect was present in 4 cases. Microscopy revealed a flattened medulla with disappearance of the medullar canal and disruption of normal medullar architecture with neuronal apoptosis and/or fusion of the piamater and duramater. The MRI showed herniation of the cerebellum into the cervical canal and syringomyelia. CONCLUSIONS: The surgically produced defect mimics the defect found in the human fetus, including the Arnold-Chiari malformation. Post-mortem MRI was used for the first time in our study and proved an excellent alternative for demonstrating the cerebellar herniation. We standardized the technique for creating the defect in our population.
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Georgescu, Tiberiu, Viorica Radoi, Micaela Radulescu, Aurora Ilian, Oana Daniela Toader, Lucian G. Pop y Nicolae Bacalbasa. "Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of Tracheal Agenesis as Part of Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome. Case Presentation and Literature Review". Medicina 57, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2021): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111253.
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Tracheal atresia is an extremely rare condition whereby a partial or total obstruction of the trachea is seen. It is almost always lethal, with just a handful of cases that ended with a good outcome. In this study we report on a 15-week male fetus, diagnosed with hyperechogenic lungs, midline heart position and inverted diaphragm. Sonographic findings suggest congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) An ultrasound scan and fetal MRI were not able to point out the exact obstruction level. In spite of extensive counselling, the parents opted to carry on with the pregnancy. Fetal demise was noted on a scan at 19 weeks gestation. After the elective termination of pregnancy, a post-mortem examination showed partial tracheal atresia with no other anomalies. Despite technological progress in CHAOS syndrome, a precise diagnosis and accurate prognosis remain elusive.
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Hristov, Ts, A. Rusenov, R. Simeonov y I. Kalkanov. "Ethylene glycol intoxication in a pregnant cat and a tomcat". BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 26, n.º 3 (2023): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0027.
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Clinical cases of two cats, poisoned with ethylene glycol: one tomcat and a pregnant female in the last quarter of gestation, are presented. Cats were reared outdoor. The history included a sudden weakness, inappetence, lethargy and repeated vomiting in both animals. Physical examination showed reduced skin elasticity, hypothermia (37.3 С° and 37.8 С°), hyporeflexia, pale mucous coats. Blood biochemical changes comprised hyperglycaemia (7.74 and 10.1 mmol/L), hyperphosphataemia (6.3 and 5.67 mmol/L), increased urea (66.6 and 68.2 mmol/L) and creatinine concentrations (1408 and 918 µmol/L). Ultrasound examination showed severely increased corticomedullary echogenicity of kidneys, including foetal kidneys. Blood sample obtained post mortem from foetuses was characterised with dramatically increased phosphate (11.3 mmol/L), urea (66.2 mmol/L) and creatinine concentrations (642 µmol/L). Foetal urine had abundant calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Such crystals were present also in histological preparations from kidneys of both adult cats and foetuses.
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Wester, T., L. Eriksson, Y. Olsson y L. Olsen. "Interstitial cells of Cajal in the human fetal small bowel as shown by c-kit immunohistochemistry". Gut 44, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1999): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.1.65.
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BackgroundInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) express the tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit, which is required for their development and spontaneous pacemaker activity in the bowel. From murine models it has been proposed that ICCs do not develop until after birth, but more recent findings indicate that c-kit is expressed early in the embryonic period. The temporal development of ICCs in the human gut remains unknown.AimTo investigate ICCs in the human fetal small bowel using c-kit immunohistochemistry.SubjectsSmall bowel specimens were obtained at post mortem examination of 16 fetuses and nine neonates, eight of whom were premature, born at gestational ages of 13 to 41 weeks, without gastrointestinal disorders.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis was performed on material fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The specimens were exposed to antibodies raised against c-kit (an ICC marker) and neurone specific enolase (a general neuronal marker). The ABC complex method was used to visualise binding of antibodies to the corresponding antigens.Resultsc-kit immunoreactive cells were visualised from 13 weeks of gestation. The immunoreactivity was mainly localised in association with the myenteric plexus. From about 17–18 weeks of gestation, the ICCs formed a layer along the myenteric plexus, whereas this layer appeared to be disrupted at 13–16 weeks of gestation.ConclusionsICCs are c-kit immunoreactive at least from a gestational age of 13 weeks in the human fetal small intestine. From 17–18 weeks of gestation until birth, they form a continuous layer around the myenteric ganglia.
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Crecan, Cristian, Iancu Morar, Mircea V. Mircean, Daniela Oros, Alexandra Muresan y Marian Taulescu. "Small intestinal herniation through the broad ligament in a mare outside of the gestation period – a case report". Acta Veterinaria Brno 87, n.º 4 (2018): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201887040331.
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A Furioso-North Star mare, aged 8 years, was examined for colic signs. The mare had a history of dystocia and post partum vaginal lacerations, acute endometritis and laminitis approximately one year before the admission for colic. Signs of persistent abdominal pain, moderate distended abdomen, non-passage of manure, fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea, congested mucus membranes, and “toxic line” were recorded. No intestinal borborygmi were present in the four quarters of the abdomen. On rectal examination, the colon, the ventral band of the caecum, the right ovary and the uterine horn were palpated on the right side of the abdomen. The spleen, the nephrosplenic ligament, the left ovary and a firm, distended and painful small intestine (SI) loop were palpated on the left side. The left uterine horn and the adjacent broad ligament were not detectable. Percutaneous abdominal ultrasound evaluation revealed a large amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity, SI distention and absence of peristalsis. Abdominocentesis yielded approximately 20 ml of red-tinged peritoneal fluid with increased mean protein concentration (5.2 mg/dl), white blood cell count (12,550 cells/μl), and lactate (14 mmol/dl). A presumptive diagnosis of SI strangulation was made. Surgical resection of the affected intestinal loops was recommended. Due to poor prognosis and financial limitations, the mare was euthanized. Post mortem macroscopic diagnosis was a herniation of 3 metres of the mid-jejunum through the left mesometrium, resulting in a complete and complicated strangulation. To prevent this type of SI strangulation, we recommend transrectal palpation of the urogenital tract (including the broad ligament) after foaling. If a defect is identified, we recommend flank laparoscopy for correction.
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Davidson, Joanne O., Caroline A. Yuill, Guido Wassink, Laura Bennet y Alistair J. Gunn. "Spontaneous Pre-Existing Hypoxia Does Not Affect Brain Damage after Global Cerebral Ischaemia in Late-Gestation Fetal Sheep". Developmental Neuroscience 37, n.º 1 (14 de noviembre de 2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368306.
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There is considerable evidence that a mild, non-injurious insult can protect (precondition) against a subsequent injurious insult. Typically, protection is seen when the gap between insults is several days to a week. However, the effect of mild but persistent hypoxia is unknown. In this study we examined the hypothesis that mild pre-existing hypoxia (PaO2 <17 mm Hg) would reduce neural injury in chronically instrumented late-gestation (0.85 gestation) fetal sheep exposed to 30 min of global cerebral ischaemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (normoxia: n = 9 vs. pre-existing hypoxia: n = 9) or normoxia plus sham ischaemia (sham controls: n = 9). Histopathology was assessed after 7 days of recovery. Fetuses with pre-existing hypoxia had lower PaO2 values (16.1 ± 0.6 vs. 26.0 ± 1.1 mm Hg) and were lighter at post-mortem (4,033 ± 412 vs. 5,261 ± 238 g) compared to normoxic fetuses. Cerebral ischaemia was associated with secondary cortical oedema and seizures, reduced final EEG power, loss of sleep state cycling, and significant loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes, with no significant effect of pre-existing hypoxia. Pre-existing hypoxia was associated with a significantly attenuated rise in mean arterial pressure between 18 and 36 h and slower resolution of cortical oedema between 96 and 150 h after ischaemia. These data suggest that chronic hypoxia is not associated with a significant preconditioning effect.
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Martínez Martínez, Nuria. "Reflexiones en torno a la protección post mortem de los datos personales y la gestión de la transmisión mortis causa del patrimonio digital tras la aprobación de la LOPDGDD". Derecho Privado y Constitución, n.º 35 (2 de diciembre de 2019): 169–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18042/cepc/dpc.35.05.
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Yuki, Michiko, Yuko Emoto, Yuichi Kinoshita, Katsuhiko Yoshizawa, Takashi Yuri y Airo Tsubura. "Hepatosplenomegaly Associated with Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis in Down Syndrome: An Autopsy Case of a Stillborn Fetus". Case Reports in Oncology 8, n.º 2 (17 de junio de 2015): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000434624.
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A 38-year-old primiparous mother (gravida 1, para 0) at 27 weeks and 6 days' gestation reported that fetal movements had been absent for 6 days. All serological markers for infection were negative. Chorionic villus sampling at stillbirth delivery revealed trisomy 21 (47, XX, +21), indicative of Down syndrome. The macerated baby was female and weighed 1,290 g. There was no evidence of hydrops fetalis. Proliferating blast cells expressing megakaryoblastic/megakaryocytic antigen CD61 were mainly seen within the vessels, and some cells infiltrated outside of the vessels in almost all organs. Vessels of the umbilical cord and chorionic villi were filled with proliferating blast cells, but the blast cells were not apparent in the bone marrow. The diagnosis of transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down syndrome was made. Hepatomegaly (64.5 g) was due to congestion and infiltration of CD61-positive blast cells within the vascular lumina and expanding outside the lumina accompanied by fibrotic change. The cause of death was attributed to liver insufficiency caused by liver fibrosis. An umbilical cord and chorionic villi examination may be helpful in the diagnosis of transient abnormal myelopoiesis when post-mortem examination is not permitted.
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Atawalna, Joseph, Essel Daniel Cobbinah Junior y Theophilus Nda Ennu. "Reproductive Performance, Piglet Mortality and Reproductive Health Problems of Sows in The Ejisu Municipality". International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 6, n.º 1 (14 de marzo de 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v6i1.25205.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted among commercial pig farmers in the Ejisu Municipality to investigate reproductive performance, piglet mortality, and reproductive health problems on their farms. Questionnaires designed to obtain information on reproductive performance and reproductive health problems were administered to a total of 50 randomly selected pig farmers. Three farms were randomly selected to monitor farrowing and pre-weaning piglet mortality. The farrowing records of a minimum of 10 sows on each farm were taken, and the piglets followed up to the point of weaning by six weeks. Records of piglet mortalities and their causes were retrieved from farm records or post mortem reports. The mean litter size, stillbirth per litter, piglet birth weight (Kg), weaning to estrus interval, and gestation period were 9.5± 1.4, 1.6 ± 0.2, 1.0 ± 0.1, .7±1.0 days, and 115.1± 2.6 days, respectively. The pre-weaning mortality (%) at day 42 was 18.7 and ranged from 7.3-28.3. Within the first two days post farrowing, mechanical crushing (8.9%) of piglets by sows and piglet starvation (7.2%), while diarrhea (2.5%) and piglet anemia (1.5%) accounted for mortalities within the first two weeks of life. Reproductive health problems by frequency of occurrence included mastitis (23%), agalactia (18%), stillbirths (18%), repeat breeders (14%) and dystocia (14%). The study concluded that the reproductive performance of sows was satisfactory, while pre-weaning piglet mortality was high. It is recommended to intensify extension education on the management of piglets after farrowing.
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Chan, Shiao Y., Laura A. Hancox, Azucena Martín-Santos, Laurence S. Loubière, Merlin N. M. Walter, Ana-Maria González, Phillip M. Cox et al. "MCT8 expression in human fetal cerebral cortex is reduced in severe intrauterine growth restriction". Journal of Endocrinology 220, n.º 2 (7 de noviembre de 2013): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-13-0400.
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The importance of the thyroid hormone (TH) transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), to human neurodevelopment is highlighted by findings of severe global neurological impairment in subjects withMCT8(SLC16A2) mutations. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), usually due to uteroplacental failure, is associated with milder neurodevelopmental deficits, which have been partly attributed to dysregulated TH actionin uterosecondary to reduced circulating fetal TH concentrations and decreased cerebral thyroid hormone receptor expression. We postulate that altered MCT8 expression is implicated in this pathophysiology; therefore, in this study, we sought to quantify changes in cortical MCT8 expression with IUGR. First, MCT8 immunohistochemistry was performed on occipital and parietal cerebral cortex sections obtained from appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) human fetuses between 19 weeks of gestation and term. Secondly, MCT8 immunostaining in the occipital cortex of stillborn IUGR human fetuses at 24–28 weeks of gestation was objectively compared with that in the occipital cortex of gestationally matched AGA fetuses. Fetuses demonstrated widespread MCT8 expression in neurons within the cortical plate and subplate, in the ventricular and subventricular zones, in the epithelium of the choroid plexus and ependyma, and in microvessel wall. When complicated by IUGR, fetuses showed a significant fivefold reduction in the percentage area of cortical plate immunostained for MCT8 compared with AGA fetuses (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of subplate microvessels immunostained. Cortical MCT8 expression was negatively correlated with the severity of IUGR indicated by the brain:liver weight ratios (r2=0.28;P<0.05) at post-mortem. Our results support the hypothesis that a reduction in MCT8 expression in the IUGR fetal brain could further compromise TH-dependent brain development.
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Zahid Sarfaraz, Nighat Aar, Muhammad Qaseem y Saad Ahmed. "Formation of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Human Specimens Between 10 and 15 Weeks of Gestation". Pakistan journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 2, n.º 02 (22 de julio de 2024): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.69837/pjammr.v2i02.39.
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Background: The study examines some morphological and histological factors that may contribute to condylar cartilage (CC) formation. The specimens used were consecutive sections obtained from 20 human fetuses ranging in age from 10 to 15 weeks. The vascular canals (VC) emerge in the CC and initiate the process of intramembranous ossification. The mandibular condylar cartilage is crucial for the growth and function of the mandible, and it also contributes to the development of the Temporomandibular joint. Understanding the development of mandibular condylar cartilage throughout the early stages of gestation is essential for detecting congenital craniofacial deformities. Objectives: Examine the stages of MCC development in human samples from fetuses at 10-15 weeks of gestation. Study Design: A descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy and Obstetric Nowshera Medical College from 15th Nov 2020 to 1st Jun 2021. The changes in the shape and size of the bones and the processes of bone formation should also be determined. Methods: The current study is descriptive, cross-sectional, and involves post-mortem human fetal specimens aged 10-15 weeks. The specimens were obtained from the Department of Obstetrics of QHAMC after miscarriages and intrauterine deaths. The absence of external and congenital malformations was verified. Light microscopic and histological assessment was done with the aid of H&E-stained sections. Results : Twenty fetal specimens were used in the study, with an average gestation period of 12. 5 weeks (±1. 5 weeks). Histological analysis revealed gradual chondrocyte maturation and the beginning of the ossification process. At ten weeks, MCC was comprised of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. At twelve weeks, it is possible to observe the differentiation of chondrocytes and early ossification. At 15 weeks, the ossification stages of the CRL were at a superior level with the hypertrophic chondrocytes and mineralized cartilage. The p-values for differences in developmental stages between the gestational ages were less than 0. Hence, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The MCC in human specimens at 10–15 weeks' gestation undergoes considerable morphological transformation and commences the ossification process. Knowledge of these stages is essential in identifying and intervening in congenital craniofacial disorders. The authors recommend that future studies focus on investigating molecular processes that may contribute to the development of MCC. Keywords: Mandibular condylar cartilage, Development, Gestation, Ossification
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Cartwright, James H., Qadeer Aziz, Stephen C. Harmer, Sudhin Thayyil, Andrew Tinker y Patricia B. Munroe. "Genetic variants in TRPM7 associated with unexplained stillbirth modify ion channel function". Human Molecular Genetics 29, n.º 11 (19 de agosto de 2019): 1797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz198.
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Abstract Stillbirth is the loss of a fetus after 22 weeks of gestation, of which almost half go completely unexplained despite post-mortem. We recently sequenced 35 arrhythmia-associated genes from 70 unexplained stillbirth cases. Our hypothesis was that deleterious mutations in channelopathy genes may have a functional effect in utero that may be pro-arrhythmic in the developing fetus. We observed four heterozygous, nonsynonymous variants in transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a ubiquitously expressed ion channel known to regulate cardiac development and repolarization in mice. We used site-directed mutagenesis and single-cell patch-clamp to analyze the functional effect of the four stillbirth mutants on TRPM7 ion channel function in heterologous cells. We also used cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells to model the contribution of TRPM7 to action potential morphology. Our results show that two TRPM7 variants, p.G179V and p.T860M, lead to a marked reduction in ion channel conductance. This observation was underpinned by a lack of measurable TRPM7 protein expression, which in the case of p.T860M was due to rapid proteasomal degradation. We also report that human hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes possess measurable TRPM7 currents; however, siRNA knockdown did not directly affect action potential morphology. TRPM7 variants found in the unexplained stillbirth population adversely affect ion channel function and this may precipitate fatal arrhythmia in utero.
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McLaren, W. J., I. R. Young, M. H. Wong y G. E. Rice. "Expression of prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 and -2 in ovine amnion and placenta following glucocorticoid-induced labour onset". Journal of Endocrinology 151, n.º 1 (octubre de 1996): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1510125.
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Abstract Parturition in the sheep is preceded by an increase in the synthesis of prostaglandins by intrauterine tissues. Prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS) is the central enzyme involved in prostanoid production. Its expression is enhanced during late gestation in the ewe. Recent studies have identified two PGHS isozymes, termed PGHS-1 and PGHS-2. The labour-associated expression of the two isozymes of PGHS in the sheep has not been characterized. This study investigated the changes in expression of immunoreactive PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 in ovine amnion and placenta following glucocorticoid-induced labour. Ewes underwent surgery to implant fetal and maternal vascular cannulae and uterine electromyogram electrodes between 118 and 125 days of gestation. Fetal sheep were administered either the glucocorticoid betamethasone (n=5) or saline (control n=6) by direct transabdominal intrafetal injection. Ewes from the betamethasone-injected group were killed in the first stage of labour as indicated by uterine electromyographic activity. Ewes from the saline-injected group were killed at the same time to obtain age-matched control tissue. The time taken to euthanasia following induced-labour onset in the glucocorticoid-injected animals was 56·6 ± 0·8 h post-injection. Plasma endocrine profiles in the maternal and fetal circulation following glucocorticoid injection were comparable to those observed following normal spontaneous delivery. At post-mortem, amnion and cotyledons were collected in liquid N2 and stored at −70 °C. Solubilized tissue extracts were prepared and analysed by Western blots using polyclonal antibodies to PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 isozymes. Fetal amnion contained PGHS-1 isozyme at day 133 of gestation, as demonstrated in the saline-injected animals. Slightly higher PGHS-1 immunoreactivity was observed following induced-labour onset, although this did not reach statistical significance (P>0·05). PGHS-2 enzyme was not detectable in amnion. PGHS-2 expression was also not induced following labour onset. In contrast, PGHS-2 demonstrated enhanced expression following glucocorticoid-induced labour in ovine cotyledon. This tissue contained PGHS-1 enzyme, but immunoreactive levels were minimal and demonstrated limited regulation at labour. These data suggest that the previously reported rise in placental PG production at term in the sheep is predominantly due to increased expression of the PGHS-2 isozyme. This suggests that PGHS-2 contributes to PG production at term labour in sheep or is induced by the mechanisms controlling ovine parturition. PGHS-1 isozyme is produced constitutively in ovine amnion and may contribute to the gestational increase in PG formation by intrauterine tissues. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 151, 125–135
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Lear, Christopher A., Joanne O. Davidson, Georgia R. Mackay, Paul P. Drury, Robert Galinsky, Josine S. Quaedackers, Alistair J. Gunn y Laura Bennet. "Antenatal dexamethasone before asphyxia promotes cystic neural injury in preterm fetal sheep by inducing hyperglycemia". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, n.º 4 (7 de abril de 2017): 706–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17703124.
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Antenatal glucocorticoid therapy significantly improves the short-term systemic outcomes of prematurely born infants, but there is limited information available on their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in at-risk preterm babies exposed to perinatal asphyxia. Preterm fetal sheep (0.7 of gestation) were exposed to a maternal injection of 12 mg dexamethasone or saline followed 4 h later by asphyxia induced by 25 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion. In a subsequent study, fetuses received titrated glucose infusions followed 4 h later by asphyxia to examine the hypothesis that hyperglycemia mediated the effects of dexamethasone. Post-mortems were performed 7 days after asphyxia for cerebral histology. Maternal dexamethasone before asphyxia was associated with severe, cystic brain injury compared to diffuse injury after saline injection, with increased numbers of seizures, worse recovery of brain activity, and increased arterial glucose levels before, during, and after asphyxia. Glucose infusions before asphyxia replicated these adverse outcomes, with a strong correlation between greater increases in glucose before asphyxia and greater neural injury. These findings strongly suggest that dexamethasone exposure and hyperglycemia can transform diffuse injury into cystic brain injury after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep.
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Shaw, Caroline J., Ian Rivens, John Civale, Kimberley J. Botting, Beth J. Allison, Kirsty L. Brain, Y. Niu, Gail ter Haar, Dino A. Giussani y Christoph C. Lees. "Maternal and fetal cardiometabolic recovery following ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound placental vascular occlusion". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, n.º 154 (mayo de 2019): 20190013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0013.
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High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive method of selective placental vascular occlusion, providing a potential therapy for conditions such as twin–twin transfusion syndrome. In order to translate this technique into human studies, evidence of prolonged fetal recovery and maintenance of a healthy fetal physiology following exposure to HIFU is essential. At 116 ± 2 days gestation, 12 pregnant ewes were assigned to control ( n = 6) or HIFU vascular occlusion ( n = 6) groups and anaesthetized. Placental blood vessels were identified using colour Doppler ultrasound; HIFU-mediated vascular occlusion was performed through intact maternal skin (1.66 MHz, 5 s duration, in situ I SPTA 1.8–3.9 kW cm −2 ). Unidentifiable colour Doppler signals in targeted vessels following HIFU exposure denoted successful occlusion. Ewes and fetuses were then surgically instrumented with vascular catheters and transonic flow probes and recovered from anaesthesia. A custom-made wireless data acquisition system, which records continuous maternal and fetal cardiovascular data, and daily blood sampling were used to assess wellbeing for 20 days, followed by post-mortem examination. Based on a comparison of pre- and post-treatment colour Doppler imaging, 100% (36/36) of placental vessels were occluded following HIFU, and occlusion persisted for 20 days. All fetuses survived. No differences in maternal or fetal blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, metabolic status or oxygenation were observed between treatment groups. There was evidence of normal fetal maturation and no evidence of chronic fetal stress. There were no maternal injuries and no placental vascular haemorrhage. There was both a uterine and fetal burn, which did not result in any obstetric or fetal complications. This study demonstrates normal long-term recovery of fetal sheep from exposure to HIFU-mediated placental vascular occlusion and underlines the potential of HIFU as a potential non-invasive therapy in human pregnancy.
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Shaikh, S., F. H. Bloomfield, M. K. Bauer, H. H. Phua, R. S. Gilmour y J. E. Harding. "Amniotic IGF-I supplementation of growth-restricted fetal sheep alters IGF-I and IGF receptor type 1 mRNA and protein levels in placental and fetal tissues". Journal of Endocrinology 186, n.º 1 (julio de 2005): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06113.
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We have previously reported that chronic intra-amniotic supplementation of the late gestation growth-restricted (IUGR) ovine fetus with IGF-I (20 μg/day) increased gut growth but reduced liver weight and circulating IGF-I concentrations. Here we report mRNA and protein levels of IGF-I, the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-1, -2 and -3 in fetal gut, liver, muscle and placenta from fetuses in that earlier study in an attempt to explain these contrasting results. mRNA and protein were extracted from tissues obtained at post mortem at 131 days of gestation (term, 145 days) from three groups of fetuses (control, IUGR+saline and IUGR+IGF-I, n=9 per group). Control fetuses were unembolised and untreated. In the IUGR groups, growth restriction was induced from 113 to 120 days by placental embolisation; from 120 to 130 days fetuses were treated with daily intra-amniotic injections of either saline or 20 μg IGF-I. mRNA was measured by RT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR, and protein by Western blot. In liver, muscle and placenta, IGF-I mRNA and protein levels were reduced by between 8 and 30% in IGF-I-treated fetuses compared with saline-treated fetuses and controls with no change in IGF-1R mRNA or protein levels. In contrast, in the gut, IGF-I mRNA and protein levels were not significantly altered with IGF-I treatment, but IGF-1R levels were increased, especially in the jejunum. Immunolocalisation demonstrated that IGF-1R expression was confined to the luminal aspect of the gut. mRNA levels of all three IGFBPs were reduced in the gut of IGF-I-treated fetuses, but hepatic expression was significantly increased. These data demonstrated tissue-specific regulation of IGF-I, IGF-1R and IGFBPs-1, -2 and -3 in response to intra-amniotic IGF-I supplementation, though the underlying mechanisms remain obscure.
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Krametter-Froetscher, R., N. Mason, J. Roetzel, V. Benetka, Z. Bago y K. Moestl. " Effects of Border disease virus (genotype 3) naturally transmitted by persistently infected sheep to pregnant heifers and their progeny". Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 4 (19 de mayo de 2010): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2010-vetmed.
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Eight heifers pregnant between days 47 and 73 were kept together with nine healthy persistently Border disease virus (BDV)-infected sheep allowing natural contact comparable to field conditions. All heifers seroconverted between days 23 and 38 after exposure. Besides a mild increase in body temperature in four heifers, no clinical signs of infection were observed, but 5 animals aborted between days 54 and day 202 after exposure. BDV was detected in the aborted fetuses of four heifers and in the placenta of the fifth (the only material available). Foetal mummification was seen in three foetuses, aborted between days 113 and 116 of gestation, with a crown rump length (CRL) of between 11 and 12 cm. The associated placentas showed dystrophic calcification. The foetus aborted on day 267 of gestation had a CRL of 70 cm and a body mass of 16 kg. The brain in this case was normal in terms of gross morphology, but histologically slight lymphocytic meningeal and perivascular infiltration, slight demyelination in the cerebellar white matter and slight focal acute liquefactive necrosis in the thalamus were seen. Three heifers delivered clinically healthy calves. Two healthy calves were pestivirus negative, of these one was serologically positive and one negative (precolostral). The third calf was pestivirus positive and antibody negative at birth, suggesting immunotolerance and persistent infection as has been described for BVDV. But surprisingly when retested at an age of seven months the calf had seroconverted and was pestivirus negative. Post-mortem examination of the heifers and the calves born alive revealed no abnormalities, pestivirus specific RNA was not detected in any of the examined organ samples of the eight heifers and the three calves. In this study, BDV-type 3 infection had a disastrous impact on fertility of pestivirus naïve heifers. The observed abortion rate exceeded 50% and dramatically underlines the need for a pestivirus control program which includes BDV and small ruminants.
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Gibril, Mumuni, Amir Behrouzi y Carolyn J. Fitzsimmons. "PSVIII-29 Nutritional Epigenetic Modifications in Beef Cattle". Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (6 de noviembre de 2023): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.581.
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Abstract Nutrition of the beef cow during pregnancy influences fetal development and potential changes in phenotype. On average 9 to 10% of the beef cattle herd are below the optimal body condition score of 2.5/5 at both pre-breeding and pregnancy tests, indicating potential nutritional stress during gestation. Epigenetic modifications are reported to regulate the changes in phenotype due to maternal nutrition during gestation. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of maternal nutrition during gestation on possible epigenetic mechanisms regulating development and biological function in Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles, and liver (LV) at slaughter in steer progeny born from dams fed two different planes of nutrition during gestation. We also wanted to explore if the genetic potential of the offspring for residual feed intake (RFI) would interact with prenatal maternal diet to have differential effects on these epigenetic mechanisms. Purebred Angus steer calves (n = 23) were born from dams which were fed a diet formulated for an average daily gain (ADG) of either 0.5 or 0.7 kg/d from 30 to 150 days of gestation. Mating was designed so that calves were born from parents with differential genetic potential for high or low RFI. Calves were raised together as per normal industry standards and fed to be slaughtered as finished steers at approximately 512.1 ± 10.1 days of age. One approximately 10 g sample each of LV, LD, and SM muscles was aseptically collected within 30 to 45 min post-mortem and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored at -80°C. Both DNA and RNA were isolated from the tissue samples and investigated for differences in methylation and gene expression, respectively. Fifteen potentially differently methylated regions (DMRs) in the DNA were measured using EpiTYPER MassARRAY technology, while expression of genes corresponding to the potential DMRs was measured by the nCounter Element Tagset by NanoString technologies. Average methylation across each DMR as well as gene expression within each tissue was profiled using principal component analyses (PCA). Distinct clustering was seen within both DNA methylation and gene expression PCAs such that the two muscles were clustered together and were separate from DNA methylation and gene expression measured in LV, representing expected functional variation due to tissue type. Between LD and SM, methylation patterns in the two muscles overlap, while there is much less overlap in gene expression patterns. This implies that the methylation pattern between the two muscle types is relatively similar compared with their patterns in gene expression, and that smaller differences in DNA methylation may lead to relatively larger differences in gene expression. These analyses are an important first step to interrogate the quality of our data that will be further analyzed for responses to maternal diet treatment and selection for genetic potential for RFI.
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Wu, Yonghui, Han Zhang, Changqing Wang, Birit F. P. Broekman, Yap-Seng Chong, Lynette P. Shek, Peter D. Gluckman, Michael J. Meaney, Marielle V. Fortier y Anqi Qiu. "Inflammatory modulation of the associations between prenatal maternal depression and neonatal brain". Neuropsychopharmacology 46, n.º 2 (20 de julio de 2020): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0774-0.
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AbstractInflammatory signaling has a role in sensing intrauterine environment, which may be moderators in altering fetal brain development upon maternal environment. This study integrated cytokine transcriptome of post-mortem fetal brains, neonatal brain imaging and genetic variants (n = 161) to examine whether cytokines are candidates for modulating the relationship between prenatal maternal depression and fetal brain development. This study obtained the transcriptome data of 208 cytokine genes in 12 fetal brain regions from the BrainSpan database. We also included 161 mother–child dyads with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms assessed at 26 weeks of gestation, cytokine genotype data extracted from umbilical cord specimens, and neonatal brain images from a longitudinal prospective birth cohort. We revealed that 22 cytokine genes are expressed in specific brain regions in utero, whose variants have roles in modulating the effects of the prenatal environment on the accelerated fetal development of the hippocampus, auditory, parietal, orbitofrontal, and dorsal prefrontal cortex. Neonates high in the genetic expression score (GES) of TNFRSF19 and IL17RB showed a larger right hippocampal volume, high in the GES of BMPR1B showed the thicker thickness of the sensorimotor cortex, and high in the GES of IL1RAP and CXCR4 demonstrated the thicker thickness of the dorsal and orbital prefrontal cortex in relation with greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that in humans, the cytokine genes are expressed in a brain region-specific manner in utero and may have potential roles in modulating the fetal development of the corresponding brain regions in response to the maternal environment.
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Mercado-López, Lorena, Yasna Muñoz, Camila Farias, María Paz Beyer, Robinson Carrasco-Gutiérrez, Angie Vanessa Caicedo-Paz, Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre, Alejandra Espinosa y Rodrigo Valenzuela. "High-Fat Diet in Perinatal Period Promotes Liver Steatosis and Low Desaturation Capacity of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dams: A Link with Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats". Nutrients 17, n.º 7 (28 de marzo de 2025): 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071180.
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Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation on maternal and offspring health, focusing on behavioral, metabolic, and fatty acid composition outcomes in a rat model. Methods: Twelve female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a control diet, CD (n = 6), or HFD (n = 6) for 12 weeks, encompassing mating, gestation, and lactation periods (18 weeks). Anxiety-like behavior, maternal behavior, depression-like behavior, and social play were studied. Post mortem, the liver function, hepatic steatosis, and fatty acid composition (erythrocytes, liver, adipose tissue) were evaluated. In regard to desaturase enzymes (Δ-6D and Δ-5D), liver activity, protein mass, and gene expression (RT-PCR) were analyzed. Additionally, gene expression of PPAR-α, ACOX, CPT1-α, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, mean ± SD (p < 0.05). Results: The HFD significantly increased maternal weight and anxiety-like behavior while reducing social interactions exclusively in male offspring (p < 0.05). It also led to a significant decrease in the synthesis and content of n-3 PUFAs in the analyzed tissues, induced hepatic steatosis, and upregulated the expression of pro-lipogenic genes in the maternal liver. Conclusions: These findings suggest that long-term HFD consumption alters tissue fatty acid composition, disrupts metabolic homeostasis, and contributes to behavioral changes, increasing anxiety-like behaviors in pregnant dams and reducing social interactions in male offspring. Overall, this study provides further insight into the detrimental effects of HFD consumption during the perinatal period.
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Jensen, EC, JE Harding, MK Bauer y PD Gluckman. "Metabolic effects of IGF-I in the growth retarded fetal sheep". Journal of Endocrinology 161, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 1999): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610485.
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It has been shown that IGF-I has an anabolic effect in the normal fetus. However, there is evidence to suggest that there may be IGF-I resistance in the growth retarded fetus. Therefore, we investigated the effects of acute IGF-I infusion to chronically catheterised fetal sheep. At 128 days gestation, fetuses underwent a 4 h infusion of IGF-I (50 microg/kg/h). Three groups of animals were studied. Nine normally grown fetuses were studied as controls. Embolised animals (n=8) received microspheres into the uterine vasculature, and animals with spontaneous intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR animals) (n=6) were fetuses found at post mortem to be spontaneously growth restricted. The effects of IGF-I infusion on feto-placental carbohydrate and protein metabolism were similar in our control group to previous similar experiments. IGF-I infusion decreased fetal blood glucose, oxygen, urea and amino-nitrogen concentrations, and inhibited placental lactate production. The same fetal blood metabolite concentrations also fell during IGF-I infusion in the embolised fetuses, but the effect on placental lactate production was not seen. The only effect of IGF-I infusion in the spontaneous IUGR animals was a fall in fetal blood amino-nitrogen concentrations. We conclude that fetal IGF-I infusion does not have the same anabolic effects in the growth retarded fetus as the normal fetus. In addition, the effects of IGF-I were different in the two growth retarded groups. Our data support previous evidence that the growth retarded fetus has altered IGF-I sensitivity, and this may vary depending on the cause, severity and duration of growth retardation.
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Sachuk, R. N. "Дослідження ембріотоксичної дії препарату для зовнішнього використання «Мазь для ран» на лабораторних тваринах". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, n.º 78 (15 de abril de 2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7833.
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The results of experiments showed one of the aspects of the application safety of the new preparation «Ointment for Wounds», which is intended for external use to bovine cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine, fur-bearing animals, rabbits, dogs and cats. The preparation formula includes essential oils of Siberian Cedar, Eucalyptus, Tea Tree, Cedar, Clove, and chlorophyllipt oil solution. Pre-clinical trial of the «Ointment for Wounds» were carried out on pregnant rats, through repeated dermal application in the period from the 1st to the 19th day of pregnancy, and it did not cause toxic effects on animals. At the autopsy post-mortem examination of the rats on the 20th day of pregnancy, the quantity of yellow bodies in the ovaries, the implantation and resorption sites in the uterus, the number of live and dead fetuses were estimated. It was defined that the gestation course in control and experimental groups of animals did not differ significantly. The pre-implantation and total embryonic mortality in the experimental group (intervention group) of rats for which «Ointment for Wounds», was used dermally proved to be lower than that of the control group, respectively, by 16.3% and 10.2%. Post-implantation mortality exceeded by 7.0% the similar indicator of the control group. Morphometry of embryos did not reveal the growth retardation of the fetuses. During the external examination, significant visible development anomalies (deformities) of the fetuses extracted from the uterus have not been observed. During the external examination, significant visible development anomalies (deformities) of the fetuses extracted from the uterus have not been observed. Investigation of the fetuses’ internal organs did not reveal defects in their development, as well as defects in the development of the bone system have not been established, that suggests that this preparation does not cause a violation in the osteogenesis processes.The skin application of «Ointment for Wounds» to rats in a dose of 0.5 g/kg in the studied period of pregnancy effects neither on the number of newborns, nor the percentage of stillborns. Parturation of the experimental does took place, as a rule, at the 23rd day of pregnancy, as well as in control group. Consequently, the drug does not cause embryotoxic effects, does not affect the parameters of preimplantation, post-implantation, general embryonic mortality and postnatal development of offspring. Further research will focus on clinical trials of the preparation in the treatment of hyperkeratosis of the dams of the cow dummy.
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Lisle, S. J. M., R. M. Lewis, C. J. Petry, S. E. Ozanne, C. N. Hales y A. J. Forhead. "Effect of maternal iron restriction during pregnancy on renal morphology in the adult rat offspring". British Journal of Nutrition 90, n.º 1 (julio de 2003): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003881.
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In rats, maternal anaemia during pregnancy causes hypertension in the adult offspring, although the mechanism is unknown. The present study investigated the renal morphology of adult rats born to mothers who were Fe-deficient during pregnancy. Rats were fed either a control (153 mg Fe/kg diet, n 7) or low-Fe (3 mg/kg diet, n 6) diet from 1 week before mating and throughout gestation. At delivery, the Fe-restricted (IR) mothers were anaemic; the IR pups were also anaemic and growth-retarded at 2 d of age. At 3 and 16 months, systolic blood pressure in the IR offspring (163 (sem 4) and 151 (sem 4) mmHg respectively, n 13) was greater than in control animals (145 (sem 3) and 119 (sem 4) mmHg respectively, n 15, P<0·05). At post mortem at 18 months, there was no difference in kidney weight between treatment groups, although relative kidney weight as a fraction of body weight in the IR offspring was greater than in control animals (P<0·05). Glomerular number was lower in the IR offspring (11·4 (sem 1·1) per 4mm2, n 13) compared with control rats (14·8 (sem 0·7), n 15, P<0·05). Maternal treatment had no effect on glomerular size, but overall, female rats had smaller and more numerous glomeruli per unit area than male rats. When all animals were considered, inverse relationships were observed between glomerular number and glomerular size (r−0·73, n 28, P<0·05), and glomerular number and systolic blood pressure at both 3 months (r−0·42, n 28, P<0·05) and 16 months of age (r−0·64, n 28, P<0·05). Therefore, in rats, maternal Fe restriction causes hypertension in the adult offspring that may be due, in part, to a deficit in nephron number.
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McLaren, WJ, IR Young y GE Rice. "Localisation and temporal changes in prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 and -2 content in ovine intrauterine tissues in relation to glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous labour". Journal of Endocrinology 165, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2000): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1650399.
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Parturition in the ewe is preceded by an increase in the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) by gestational tissues. To establish the uterine source of these PGs, placental cotyledons, fetal membranes and maternal uterine tissues were collected from ewes (n=6) at spontaneous parturition. Solubilised tissue extracts were prepared and analysed by Western blots using polyclonal antibodies to PG G/H synthase-1 and -2 (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2). PGHS-1 was expressed by all intrauterine tissues at term labour. Densitometric analysis of Western blot autoradiographs showed that the fetal membranes and maternal cervix contained the largest amounts of PGHS-1. PGHS-1 enzyme content of ovine amnion was significantly greater than that of either chorion or allantois (P<0.05). PGHS-1 protein content of myometrial, endometrial and cotyledonary tissue extracts was minimal. Formation of the PGHS-2 isozyme was confined to placental tissue at term labour. PGHS-2 protein levels in sheep placenta were significantly higher than those of PGHS-1 in all intrauterine tissues examined. This result supports the hypothesis that PGHS-2 is a major contributor to PG formation at term labour. To elucidate the developmental changes in PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 relative to labour onset, an experimental paradigm of glucocorticoid-induced delivery was used. Previous characterisation and validation of this labour model demonstrated that direct, transabdominal, intrafetal injection of the synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone (5.7 mg in 1 ml aqueous vehicle) on day 131 of gestation induced labour onset in 56.6+/-0.8 h (mean+/-s.e.m.). As the latent period to induced-labour was known, the time course of enzyme formation could be ascertained. Sheep (n=20) were killed by barbiturate injection at various time intervals post-injection (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 h). Tissue extracts collected at post-mortem examination were prepared and analysed by Western blots. PGHS-2 was induced in ovine cotyledon in a time-dependent fashion following glucocorticoid injection (P<0.05). There was a 12-fold increase in abundance between the time of betamethasone administration (0 h) and established labour (56 h). The PGHS-2 isozyme was not detected in any of the other tissues examined. In contrast, formation of the PGHS-1 isozyme did not change in relation to induced-labour in any of the intrauterine tissues. This finding is consistent with constitutive formation of PGHS-1. Previous studies have demonstrated a rise in PG production in association with glucocorticoid-induced labour and spontaneous delivery. The results of the present study indicate that this rise in PG production is due to increased formation of the PGHS-2 isozyme in ovine cotyledon. PGHS-2 appears to be induced by exogenous glucocorticoid administration and/or the mechanisms controlling ovine parturition. The role of PG formation by the fetal membranes is yet to be elucidated.
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Lima, Lívia Rossetti de Abreu e., Lívio Moreira Rios, Pedro Augusto Dantas de Moraes, Pedro Henrique Veras Ayres da Silva, Jessica Ribeiro Andrade Moraes y Maria Cecilia Pavanelli. "Thrombotic storm and malignancy in elderly woman". Revista de Medicina 98, Suppl (4 de octubre de 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v98isupplp19-19.
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Introduction: Thrombotic storm is a state of hypercoagulability of relevance in the context of neoplasias, trauma, gestation, autoimmune diseases and deficiencies of coagulation proteins. The following case brings this topic associated with weight loss and a subsequent atypical primary site of neoplasm found in postmortem biopsy.
Objectives: To present an atypical case of thrombosis in several sites in elderly women in a context of consumptive syndrome without definite primary cancer site; to discuss differentials and pathophysiological processes relevant to the case.
Case report: A 74-year-old female patient, previously healthy, presented a constipation associated with weakness in right superior limb, edema and weakness of left lower limb, with difficulty in gait and subsequent bed restriction. It evolved with multiple thrombotic events (axillary arterial, segmental branches of the left pulmonary artery, hepatic, renal and splenic parenchymal infarction, deep venous thrombosis in the common femoral vein, superficial femoral vein and left femoral vein, and right superficial femoral vein thrombosis). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed hepatic nodules suggestive of metastases and lymph node enlargement up to 2.0 cm. Hepatic biopsy was performed by interventional radiology resulting inconclusive due to extensive areas of necrosis. Laboratory tests revealed hepatic enzymes, canalicular and direct bilirubin with increased and increasing values, normochromic normocytic anemia worsening and with increasing values of RDW and platelets. Ca19.9 accounted for > 1,000 U / mL. FAN, anticardiolipin IgM and IgG, lupus anticoagulant, ANCA negative. Death verified 12 days after admission, despite intensive care. Necroscopic report showed adenocarcinoma centered in bile ducts involving gallbladder and extra and intrahepatic bile ducts with vascular dissemination (pulmonary and lymph node metastases) and extension to gastric wall and small intestine. Post-mortem diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma was performed.
Discussion: the case discusses is of multiple thrombotic events in unusual sites associated with non-specific findings at the beginning. The hypothesis of phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) was proposed although it is unlikely in an elderly patient. Subsequent evaluation for thrombophilias was not done since weight loss and abdominal CT with multiple hepatic nodules suggested neoplasia of indeterminate site. Hence, SAF was discarded and the patient died without diagnosis of primary site due to the difficulty of the case.
Conclusion: neoplasia of uncommon sites can be a disease of hard diagnosis and management especially in patients worsening in a short time. However they must be considered with proper investigation in patients with multiple thrombotic events due to the very known association with these findings.
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Loureiro, B., L. Bonilla, G. Entrican y P. J. Hansen. "208 EFFECT OF GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR ON BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT AND POST-TRANSFER SURVIVAL OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, n.º 1 (2008): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab208.
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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that has been implicated in preimplantation embryo development. Granulocyte-macrophage-CSF improves the proportion of bovine embryos that become blastocysts in vitro (Moraes and Hansen 1997 Biol. Reprod. 57, 1060–1065) and increases blastocyst cell numbers in mice (Robertson et al. 2001 Biol. Reprod. 64, 1206–1215). The long-term goal of the present research was to evaluate the effects of GM-CSF on post-transfer survival of bovine embryos. The experiments used recombinant ovine GM-CSF produced in transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or an equivalent volume of cytokine-free CHO cell supernatant (control). The objective of the first study was to evaluate the effects of GM-CSF on post-transfer survival. Embryos were cultured with 10 ng mL–1 of either GM-CSF or cytokine-free CHO cell supernatant added to culture medium at Day 1 after insemination. Embryos were transferred at Day 7 to lactating dairy cows according to a timed embryo transfer protocol. Pregnancy was evaluated at approximately Day 45 of gestation. There was no significant difference in the proportion of embryos becoming blastocysts at Day 7 after insemination (34.8 v. 37.5% for the control and GM-CSF; SEM = 2.4%). There was also no difference in pregnancy rates between cows receiving control embryos (6/24; 25%) and cows receiving embryos treated with GM-CSF (8/35; 23%). A second study determined the effects of various concentrations of GM-CSF on the development of in vitro-produced embryos to the blastocyst stage. Embryos were cultured in 5% (v/v) oxygen (low oxygen) or atmospheric oxygen (21%, w/v; high oxygen) in the presence of 0, 1, 10, or 100 ng mL–1 of GM-CSF or an equivalent volume of cytokine-free CHO cell supernatant (control). The GM-CSF was added on either Day 1 or Day 5 after insemination. Cleavage rate was accessed on Day 3 after insemination. Stage of development was recorded at Day 7 and Day 8 after insemination. There was no effect of GM-CSF on cleavage rate. Addition of GM-CSF at Day 5 to embryos cultured in low or high oxygen increased the percentage of oocytes that became blastocysts at Day 7 (P < 0.01) and Day 8 (P < 0.01), but addition at Day 1 did not have a significant effect on blastocyst development. The greatest effects of GM-CSF occurred at a concentration of 10 ng mL–1. At this concentration, least squares means for the percentage of oocytes that became blastocysts at Day 7 were 13.9 v. 21.6% (control v. GM-CSF) when GM-CSF was added at Day 5, and 19.5 v. 21.5% when GM-CSF was added at Day 1. The percentage of blastocysts at Day 8 was 20.9 v. 28.7% when GM-CSF was added at Day 5, and 26.7 v. 27.5% when GM-CSF was added at Day 1. In conclusion, GM-CSF can affect the competence of embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage, but at the concentrations and times given, there was no evidence that GM-CSF enhanced embryo survival after transfer.
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Gomez, M. C., C. E. Pope, A. M. Giraldo, L. Lyons, R. F. Harris, A. King, A. Cole, R. A. Godke y B. L. Dresser. "38BIRTH OF AFRICAN WILD CAT CLONED KITTENS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, n.º 2 (2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab38.
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The African wild cat (AWC, Felis silvestris lybica; 2n=38) is one of the smallest wildcats, and it’s future is threatened by hybridization with domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus; 2n=38). Nuclear transfer (NT) is a potentially valuable tool for retaining genetic variability, and could assist in the continuation of species with few remaining individuals. Inter-species nuclear transfer into domestic cat (DSH) supports development of somatic cell nuclei from AWC (Gomez et al., 2003, Biol Reprod 69, 1032–1041). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo developmental competence of nuclear transfer embryos derived by fusion of African wildcat fibroblasts with domestic cat cytoplasts, after transfer into domestic cat recipients. In vivo- and in vitro-matured domestic cat oocytes were mechanically enucleated in modified Tyrodes salt solution supplemented with 20μgmL−1 of cytochalasin B (CCB) and 2mgmL−1 of sucrose, and reconstructed with AWC fibroblast cells derived from an adult male; cultured and passaged 1 to 3 times before serum-starved with DMEM +0.5% FBS and cultured for 5 additional days before use. Fusion took place in fusion medium (0.3M mannitol and 0.1mMMg+2), and membrane fusion was induced by applying a 3s AC pre-pulse of 20V, 1MHz; followed by two 30μs DC pulses of 240V/mm at intervals of 0.5s. Fused couplets were activated 2–3h after fusion by placing the couplets between two electrodes in a fusion chamber containing 3mL of fusion medium and exposing them to two 60μs DC pulses of 120V/mm. Then, couplets were incubated in 30μL drops of Tyrodes solution containing 1% MEM nonessential amino acids, 3mgmL−1 BSA (IVC-1 medium), and supplemented with 10μgmL−1 cycloheximide and 5μgmL−1 CCB at 38°C in 5% CO2 for 4h. After activation, cloned embryos were cultured in 500μL of IVC-1 medium until the day of the transfer. Derived AWC NT embryos were transferred into the oviducts (Day 1) or uteri (Days 5, 6, 7) of 36 gonadotrophin-treated DSH recipients on Day 1 after ovulation or on Days 5, 6, or 7 after oocyte aspiration, respectively. Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasonography on Days 21 to 23. One domestic cat was still pregnant and ongoing on Day 60. Kittens were delivered by Cesarean section in each of the seven pregnant recipients on days 61 to 67 of gestation. The kittens weighed an average of 86.2g (50.0 to 103g) and died within 36h after delivery. The post-mortem pathology reports revealed that most of them had an immature respiratory system. The clonal status of the kittens was assessed by multiplex PCR amplification of 20 microsatellite markers, including seven markers that are known to be on the X chromosome. Results from these assays confirmed that the AWC kittens had originated from the AWC donor somatic cell line and were not related to the DSH recipient cats. In summary, these results indicate that AWC cloned kittens can be produced by ET of embryos derived from AWC cells into DSH cytoplasts. Research was funded partially by the John & Shirley Davies Foundation. Table 1
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Ginebra Molins, María Esperança. "Voluntades digitales en caso de muerte = Digital wills in case of death". CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, n.º 1 (5 de marzo de 2020): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5229.
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Resumen: La actividad cotidiana de cualquier persona deja hoy “rastro digital”. Esto obliga a plantear: ¿Qué ocurre con nuestro “rastro digital” cuando morimos? ¿Puede la persona prever algo al respecto?El hecho de que en el “rastro digital” puedan verse involucrados tanto aspectos de carácter netamente personal como patrimonial, determina que la aproximación al “rastro digital” dejado por la persona al fallecer pueda hacerse: o bien desde una perspectiva eminentemente patrimonial-sucesoria, de la gestión y/o el destino del patrimonio digital; o bien desde una perspectiva eminentemente personal, de la protección post mortem de la intimidad/privacidad y/o de los datos personales tanto del fallecido como de terceros. Este doble enfoque se refleja en la práctica y también en la legislación comparada, europea y norteamericana. Más concretamente, es esta una materia en la que confluyen cuestiones de Derecho de sucesiones, de Derecho contractual y de Derecho de la persona –en particular, relativas a la protección de datos personales y a la protección de la intimidad/privacidad póstuma y de terceros–. Así, por lo que respecta al punto de vista patrimonial, si bien en principio no es posible hablar de la “herencia digital” como algo distinto de la “herencia analógica”, ello no obsta a que deban tenerse en cuenta ciertas especificidades que rodean y/o afectan a ciertos “bienes digitales”, en algún caso tributarias del Derecho de contratos.En este contexto, la persona puede ordenar sus “voluntades digitales”, previendo disposiciones sucesorias (nombrando “sucesores digitales”) y/o no sucesorias (ya sea designando “albacea/s digital/ es” o bien quien va a poder actuar en relación a la protección de sus datos personales y/o al ejercicio de las acciones de protección civil del honor, la intimidad o la imagen).Por lo que respecta a la legislación española, la Ley catalana 10/2017, de 27 de junio, de las voluntades digitales, adopta una perspectiva esencialmente patrimonial, previendo la posibilidad de designar un “albacea digital” para que actúe ante los prestadores de servicios digitales con los que el causante tenga cuentas activas. El hecho de que la norma catalana se muestre plenamente respetuosa con el contenido del contrato suscrito entre el usuario fallecido y el prestador de servicios contrasta con las soluciones adoptadas al respecto en otros ordenamientos. Por otra parte, la regla por defecto de no acceso al “contenido” de las cuentas y archivos digitales, salvo que el causante lo haya establecido o se obtenga autorización judicial, aproxima la Ley catalana a lo previsto en otros sistemas.En la Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales, confluyen tanto el enfoque personal –de la protección de datos de las personas fallecidas–, como el patrimonial –relativo a los “contenidos digitales”– (en el mal llamado “testamento digital”). Esta ley parte de la regla de acceso por defecto a los contenidos digitales o a los datos personales del fallecido, y establece una legitimación muy amplia en cuanto a facultades y demasiado extensa en cuanto a personas legitimadas, sin establecer prelación alguna entre ellas. Esto, que puede generar problemas en la práctica, contrasta con lo previsto en la Ley catalana y en otras legislaciones de nuestro entorno. La Ley Orgánica 3/2018 se revela, así, más como una ley de desprotección de datos y de contenidos digitales, que no de protección de los mismos.Palabras clave: rastro digital, bienes/activos digitales, contenidos digitales, patrimonio digital, herencia, voluntades digitales, protección de datos personales, acceso, protección de la intimidad.Abstract: A person’s daily activity on the net leaves a “digital trail”. This makes us consider: What happens with our “digital trail” when we die? Can the person foresee anything about it?The fact that the “digital trail” may involve both purely personal and patrimonial aspects determines that the approach to the “digital trail” left by the person upon his or her death can be made either from an eminently patrimonial-successory perspective, focused on the management and destination of the digital heritage; or from an eminently personal perspective, centred in the post mortem protection of privacy and/or personal data, both of the deceased and of third parties. This dual approach is reflected in practice and also in comparative European and American legislation. More specifically, this is an area in which questions of inheritance law, contract law and personal law –in particular the protection of personal data and the protection of posthumous and third party privacy– converge. Thus, from the patrimonial point of view, although it is not possible to speak of “digital heritage” as something different from “analogue heritage”, certain specificities surrounding and/or affecting certain “digital assets”, in some cases related to contract law, must be taken into account.In this context, the person can order his or her “digital wills”, providing for successional arrangements (naming “digital successors”) and/or non-successional arrangements (either designating “digital executor/s” or the person able to act in relation to the protection of their personal data and/or the exercise of civil protection actions for honour, privacy or image).Regarding the Spanish legislation, the Catalan Law 10/2017 of 27 June on digital wills adopts an essentially patrimonial perspective, providing for the possibility of appointing a “digital executor” to act before digital service providers with whom the deceased has active accounts. The fact that the Catalan law is fully respectful of the content of the contract signed between the deceased user and the service provider contrasts with the solutions adopted in this regard in other legal systems. Moreover, the default rule of no access to the “content” of the digital accounts and files, unless the deceased had established it or judicial authorisation had been obtained, brings the Catalan law closer to what is provided for in other systems.In the Organic Law 3/2018, of 5 December, on the Protection of Personal Data and the guarantee of digital rights, both the personal approach –of the protection of data of deceased persons– and the patrimonial approach –related to “digital contents”– (in the wrongly called “digital will”) converge. This law is based on the rule of access by default to digital contents or to the personal data of the deceased, and establishes a very broad legitimisation in terms of powers and too extensive in terms of legitimised persons, without establishing any priority between them. This, which may cause problems in practice, contrasts with the provisions of Catalan law and other legislation in our environment. Therefore, the Organic Law 3/2018 is rather a law of unprotection of data and digital contents than of protection of them.Keywords: digital trail, digital assets, digital contents, digital heritage/patrimony, inheritance, digital wills, personal data protection, access, privacy protection.
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Chapa Brunet, Teresa. "Muerte, ritos y tumbas: una perspectiva arqueológica". Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n.º 12 (28 de junio de 2023): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2023.12.06.
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RESUMENUna de las manifestaciones más significativas de cada sociedad es el diseño de su ritual funerario, puesto que refleja las bases religiosas e ideológicas en las que se sustenta su organización. Aunque muchos de los procesos implicados en los funerales son efímeros, los cementerios y las sepulturas contienen información material que es estudiada por la arqueología con métodos cada vez más sofisticados, entre los que destacan los análisis isotópicos y genéticos. No menos importantes son los nuevos planteamientos teóricos. Si en la arqueología de la muerte tradicional los enterramientos eran ordenados por riqueza, sexo y cronología, en la actualidad se añaden otras perspectivas de estudio, como el papel asignado al género o la manipulación ideológica del ceremonial fúnebre. Finalmente, las nuevas ideologías del presente plantean retos y cortapisas que estimulan, pero también dificultan, el trabajo arqueológico. Palabras clave: arqueología funeraria, muerte, ideología, ritual, género, excavación de cementerios ABSTRACTOne of the most significant manifestations of every society is the design of its funeral ritual since it reflects the religious and ideological frames on which its organization is based. Although many of the processes involved in funerals are ephemeral, cemeteries and graves contain material information that is studied by archeology with increasingly sophisticated methods, including isotopic and genetic analyses. No less important are the new theoretical approaches. Within the traditional “Archeology of Death”, burials were ordered by wealth, sex, and chronology. Nowadays, other study perspectives are added, such as the role assigned to gender or the ideological manipulation of the funerals. Finally, the new ideologies of the present pose challenges and obstacles that stimulate, but also hinder, archaeological work. 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Launay, Pauline. "La scène post mortem : spatialisation et matérialisation du passage vie/mort en Unité de Soins Palliatifs". Frontières 35, n.º 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.7202/1115281ar.
Texto completoResumen
Institutionnalisée en 1986, la médecine palliative française est née d’une critique de la gestion hospitalière de la fin de vie. Les Unités de Soins Palliatifs (USP) sont des structures spécifiques pour les patients en phase avancée de maladies graves et incurables. Partant d’un travail ethnographique, nous nous centrerons sur les pratiques mises en oeuvre par l’équipe pour mettre en scène, en langage et en image les scansions du passage de patient à défunt. S’attarder sur le moment qui entoure le décès permettra d’analyser plus spécifiquement la scène post mortem et d’en interroger la ritualité et la sacralité pour montrer comment fonctionne cette double matérialisation architecturale et corporelle.
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Gupta, Neerja, Nitika Langeh, Aparna Sharma, Asit Mridha, Manisha Jana, Adarsh Barwad, Kalaivani Mani et al. "Minimally invasive autopsy in the evaluation of fetal malformations and stillbirths: A feasibility study". Birth Defects Research, 12 de diciembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2280.
Texto completoResumen
AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive autopsy (MIA) using post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging with ancillary investigations is reported as accurate as conventional autopsy. This study assesses MIA's feasibility and accuracy compared to conventional autopsy.MethodMIA and/or conventional autopsy were performed on malformed fetuses (14–20 weeks gestation) and stillbirths (>20 weeks gestation), with/without malformation. Concordance in diagnostic accuracy (95% confidence interval [CI]) and agreement (Kappa coefficient [k]) were assessed in malformed cases where both MIA and autopsy were conducted.ResultsWe enrolled 200 cases, including 100 malformed fetuses (<20 weeks) and 100 stillbirths (with/without malformations). Concordance of 97.3% was observed between MIA and autopsy in 156 malformed cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of MIA was 96.04%.ConclusionWhile conventional autopsy remains the gold standard, MIA is feasible in tertiary care settings. It can be considered a potential alternative for post‐mortem assessment, particularly in settings with limited facility of conventional autopsy and parental refusal.
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N.A. Altynnik. "Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of Ebstein’s anomaly up to 12 weeks of gestation". prenatal diagnosis, 1 de junio de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2413-1458-2018-17-2-152-154.
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The case of the first ultrasound diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly before 12 weeks of gestation is presented. Fetal cardiac abnormalities were combined with hypoplasia of the single nasal bone. In addition, the increase of pulsatility index in the ductus venosus was detected. The pregnancy was terminated because of unfavourable prognosis. Post-mortem examination and karyotype were not done. The literature data on early prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of Ebstein’s anomaly in the first screening were analysed.