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Ndaula, Jonathan. "Child Marriage among Maasai Girl Students in Tanzania: The Case of Kilosa District". Mkwawa Journal of Education and Development 2, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37759/mjed.2018.2.1.4.
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This study explored the reasons for persistence of child marriage among Maasai girl-students in Tanzania. Three research questions guided this study, namely: Why does girl students’ marriage among the Maasai community of Tanzania continue to exist? What is the position of education stakeholders in protecting girls from child marriage? What strategies should be taken to address child marriage in the Maasai community? The study employed qualitative research approach where a case study design was used to explore the problem. It adopted interviews, focus group discussion and observations as research methods. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were employed to get 39 participants who were involved in this study. Data were analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis strategies. The findings revealed that child marriage is still practiced in the Maasai community where the legible age for marriage of Maasai girls range from 6 to 15 years depending on the number of competing men and the economic status of the family of the boy or girl. Society members employ persuasion and pressure, transfer of students, pregnancy and corruption to enable marriage of Maasai girl students. In addition, the findings revealed that Maasai traditions and customs, fear of early pregnancies, corruption and irresponsibility of leaders, poverty and undervaluing of education are the factors contributing to persistence of child marriage among the Maasai girl students. The study recommends that the government in collaboration with other stakeholders should aggressively implement laws protecting children. A close monitoring of local leaders’ actions by top government leaders to help combating child marriage is also recommended. Moreover, joint efforts are needed to educate society members and girl-students on the negative impact of child marriage and the importance of girls’ education.
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Deane, Tameshnie. "Marrying Young: Limiting the Impact of a Crisis on the High Prevalence of Child Marriages in Niger". Laws 10, n.º 3 (28 de julio de 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10030061.
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Child marriage is a harmful and discriminatory global practice, robbing millions of girls of their childhood. Global attention and momentum to end early marriage has increased over the years; however, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected this progress. It has been predicted that over the next decade up to 10–13 million more girls will be at risk of child marriage because of the pandemic. Since Niger has consistently had the highest rate of child marriage in the world, this study will explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child marriages within the west and African region but specifically within Niger. This article will look at past response efforts to other pandemics, specifically Ebola, and show how the girl-child remains disproportionately disadvantaged, especially during pandemics. The article will conclude with recommendations on the importance of incorporating a gender analysis into preparedness and response efforts to eliminate child marriages.
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Susanti, Emy. "Unequal gender relations in the practices of girl marriage in poor families at East Java Province". Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 31, n.º 4 (22 de enero de 2019): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v31i42018.440-450.
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The practice of girl marriage in Indonesia is a social reality that has been going on from generation to generation. Although the average level of education in Indonesia is increasing and the government has limited the practice of child marriage, in some areas of East Java province the tendency of parents to marryoff their underage girls remains. This study aims to identify gender-based power relations within the practices of girl marriage in poor family in East Java province. This study is also aimed at revealing how the social reproduction of gender inequality values takes place in the girl marriage practices. This research was done by using qualitative method which was supported with quantitative data. This study shows that the victims of early marriage practices are girls. Gender-based-power relations between young wives with husbands, parents and in-laws are not equal. The unequal gender-based power relations in girl marriage practices in poor family are relate to limitation of knowledge and reproduce of power. The unequal gender relations are continuously reproduced through the imposition of negative social labeling on girls. The prevention of girl marriage requires a comprehensive approach by addressing the social and cultural values, especially promoting equal gender relations. One of the solutions is empowerment based on equal gender perspective.
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Amiriheobu, Frank, Victor Ordua, Ekperi Watts y Ojobah Christian. "A CRITICAL DISCOURSE OF GIRL-CHILD MARRIAGE/SLAVERY IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILM". International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences & Strategic Management Techniques 8, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2021): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijirsssmt.v8.i1.10.
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Until recent past, girl-child slavery/marriage, guided by unscrupulous African culture, has posed as major practice in the Nigerian state in the 21stCentury. This cankerworm, manifesting through early marriage, money marriage, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, and other forms of abuses on the women folk, weakens women participation in economic, political, religious, and social development, thus, increases the issues of pain, suffering, sickness, and death of the people and underdevelopment to the Nigerian 5state as portrayed in Stephanie Linus Dry. Dry is a 21st century film that interrogates girl-child marriage/slavery, money marriage, discrimination, deprivation and inequality against the women. Amongst the major findings is that girl-child marriage/slavery has provided impetus for dramatic and argumentative representations by critics and dramatist over the years, yet, the menace is highly prevalent in the Nigerian state in the 21st century, mostly in the Northern regions. The study therefore aims at interrogating the cause and effects of girl-child marriage/slavery in the Nigerian state in the 21st century. To achieve this, Radical Feminism Theory and Content Analytical Methodology are used as guide. More so, the study recommends that any culture, tradition, or norm that is responsible that for girl-child marriage/slavery in the Nigerian space should be abolished for equity and development to be ascertained.
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Fatusi, Adesegun O., Sunday A. Adedini y Jacob Wale Mobolaji. "Trends and correlates of girl-child marriage in 11 West African countries: evidence from recent Demographic and Health Surveys". AAS Open Research 4 (22 de junio de 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13248.1.
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Background: West Africa historically has a high prevalence of girl-child marriage and requires substantial reduction to meet the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of ending child marriage by 2030, but current data on progress is sparce. We aimed to determine the trend in child marriage in West Africa and assess the influence of selected socio-demographic factors. Methods: We analysed data on women aged 18-24 years from the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (conducted between 2006 and 2014) for 11 West African countries to determine the prevalence and trend of girl-child marriage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between girl-child marriage and selected socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of child marriage in West Africa is 41.5%. An overall decrease of 4.6% (annual rate of 0.01%) was recorded over a seven-year inter-survey period. Three countries (Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Niger) recorded increased prevalence while the rate was unchanged in Burkina Faso, and the other six countries had reduced prevalence between the last two surveys. Sierra Leone recorded the highest decrease in prevalence (22%) and an annual reduction rate of 0.04%; Cote d’Ivore had the highest increase (65.3%). In virtually all countries, rural residence, low education, poor household economic status and non-Christian religious affiliation were significantly associated with higher odds of girl-child marriage. Conclusions: The prevalence of girl-child marriage remains high in West Africa and the trend shows very slow progress. While substantial inter-country variations exist in overall rate and trend of child marriage, the rate of progress is inadequate across all countries.
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Fatusi, Adesegun O., Sunday A. Adedini y Jacob Wale Mobolaji. "Trends and correlates of girl-child marriage in 11 West African countries: evidence from recent Demographic and Health Surveys". AAS Open Research 4 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13248.2.
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Background: West Africa historically has a high prevalence of girl-child marriage and requires substantial reduction to meet the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of ending child marriage by 2030, but current data on progress is sparce. We aimed to determine the trend in child marriage in West Africa and assess the influence of selected socio-demographic factors. Methods: We analysed data on women aged 18-24 years from the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (conducted between 2006 and 2014) for 11 West African countries to determine the prevalence and trend of girl-child marriage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between girl-child marriage and selected socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of child marriage in West Africa is 41.5%. An overall decrease of 4.6% (annual rate of 0.01%) was recorded over a seven-year inter-survey period. Three countries (Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Niger) recorded increased prevalence while the rate was unchanged in Burkina Faso, and the other six countries had reduced prevalence between the last two surveys. Sierra Leone recorded the highest decrease in prevalence (22%) and an annual reduction rate of 0.04%; Cote d’Ivore had the highest increase (65.3%). In virtually all countries, rural residence, low education, poor household economic status and non-Christian religious affiliation were significantly associated with higher odds of girl-child marriage. Conclusions: The prevalence of girl-child marriage remains high in West Africa and the trend shows very slow progress. While substantial inter-country variations exist in overall rate and trend of child marriage, the rate of progress is inadequate across all countries.
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Raj, Anita, Charlemagne S. Gomez y Jay G. Silverman. "Multisectorial Afghan Perspectives on Girl Child Marriage". Violence Against Women 20, n.º 12 (29 de marzo de 2011): 1489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801211403288.
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MAIGA, Ousmane Younoussa y François KONE. "Mariages précoces, grossesses précoces et scolarisation des adolescentes". Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 7, n.º 1 (2022): 176–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2022.1.10.
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School dropout among young girls remains a major concern in Mali. According to the Modular and Permanent Household Survey, 9.7% of girls drop out of school for reasons attributable to early marriage and pregnancy. In light of this finding, this study aimed to analyze the effects of early marriage and pregnancy on the schooling of adolescents by identifying the obstacles to school completion for adolescents and analyzing their links with marriage/pregnancy. This research adopted a descriptive and analytical approach. The analytical component involved a logistic regression using secondary data from the surveys. The results show that child marriage through early cohabitation of the girl with her husband and household size have negative effects on the probability of completion to secondary school. In contrast, the female gender of the household head, the household’s standard of living, and the husband’s level of education have significant positive effects on the likelihood of completion through high school by the girl.
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Mohd. Razif, Nurul Huda. "Between Intention and Implementation". Journal of Legal Anthropology 6, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2022.060102.
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In 2018, news of a 41-year-old Malay man’s marriage to a Thai girl of 11 as his third wife broke out in the Malaysian media, catalysing nationwide concerns on the state of affairs of child marriage in Malaysia. This article analyses the news reports on this child marriage scandal and draws on my own long-term ethnographic fieldwork studying marriage and intimacy in the state of Kelantan to examine the ensuing public and religious debates concerning the amendment of Malaysia’s Islamic family law enactments. I demonstrate that state- and federal-level efforts at curbing child marriage have failed largely due to the lack of consensus amongst the religious and political elite, as well as members of the Muslim community, on what the purpose of marriage is, who – and whose interests – it is meant to protect, and what measures should be implemented to prevent its abuse. Furthermore, child marriage in Malaysia has been ideologically sustained by a rhetoric of ‘masculinist protectionism’ in which men justify their marriage to young girls as an act of care and benevolence to mask a reality of coercion and violence. However, legal reform on child marriage will not only be ineffectual but also inadequate if it is not enforced in tandem with other initiatives such as seeking poverty eradication in rural regions; looking at the feasibility of contracting eloped marriages in Southern Thailand; and carefully reconsidering Malay adat and Islamic norms promoting young and early marriage as alternatives to prolonged periods of courtship.
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Kanjanda, Offard y Getrude Vongai Chiparange. "The Effects of Early Girl-Child Marriage in Mutasa District- Manicaland Province: A Cases Of Samanga ‘A’Ward in Honde Valley". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, n.º 11 (27 de abril de 2016): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p539.
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Girl-child marriages in the developing countries of the world have caused a lot of suffering on the girl-children. According to Giddens (2009) issues of poverty, cultural practices, and political instability and gender inequalities have been noted as some of the major causes of girl-child marriages in developing countries. The situation has caused great concern to the communities of the global village because of the serious damages on the victims. Gage (2011) states that the status quo was exacerbated by the historical gender inequalities that continue to exist within families systems and place the girl-child an inferior citizen in her country. The girl-child remained vulnerable and segregated particularly, in educational advancement which is the key to self-empowerment, knowledge and skills development because of the high rate of girl-child marriage in the area. It appears there is little significant research on the matter in the developing countries. In order to establish some strategies to promote the girl-child’s life-skills a study was conducted in Samanga ‘A’ in Honde Valley in Manicaland Province- Zimbabwe. From a population of 1500 a sample size of 100 participants was selected using the cluster, systematic and purposive techniques because of their appropriateness to the two paradigms (Punch, 2009). Cluster technique was employed because the participants lived in different kraal-heads. The systematic technique was engaged because the participants were selected from every tenth household in each of the five kraal-heads. The purposive technique was used to select the influential participants such as local community leaders and the victims of early girl-child marriage. Marshall and Roseman (2006) support that purposive technique in qualitative study because the participants are powerful sources of information that is needed. Both qualitative and the quantitative paradigms were used in the study because some aspects of the study required simple response, while some of the questions demanded the participants’ in-depth knowledge on the problem (Newman, 2010). A case study methodology was adopted because of its ability to focus on a specific issue in a concerned area (Croll, 2010). Data were collected through the use of direct observation, questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions and interviews. The data were descriptively analysed. The research revealed that the prevalence of early girl-child marriage was perpetuated by the society’s cultural deprivation ideology which has since seen the girl-child discriminated in her efforts for self - empowerment through education. The study recommended that there is need for the government to enforce and implement gender-sensitive policies which aim at protecting the girl-child in-order to enhance economic, social, cultural and political transformation for sustainable development in the community.
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Banlanjo, Ngoran Mathew. "Cultural Pedogamy: Towards an Eco-Cultural Theory of Early (Child) Marriage". European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, n.º 6 (7 de diciembre de 2022): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.6.334.
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Early marriage, particularly (early) girl-child marriage, is prevalent in many indigenous ethnic and cultural communities around the world and in Cameroon. In spite of this, and despite the fact that studies have continued to be carried out on the phenomenon to elicit its causes and effects on individuals and practicing communities, no study has attempted to develop a psychological theory of the practice based on the practice itself. Most of the theories that have informed studies on early marriage practices have either been mainstream psychological theories; only one Africentric theory so far, namely the social ontogenetic theory of development, has made a contribution to explaining the practice from an African point of view. The theory of cultural pedogamy is developed from findings from the study titled “Early girl-child marriage: An exploration of its psychosocial practices and effect in four cultural communities in Cameroon.” The communities sampled included the Mbororo-Fulani communities of Sabga and Ndawara, the Moghamo cultural community, the Nwe Mundani, and the Lower Mboh. This study utilized the sequential exploratory design and data were collected from four cultural communities using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focused group discussions. Data collected from interviews were analyzed using the process of thematic analysis with the support of Atlas.ti version 5.2 software (Atlas Ti GMBH 2006). Findings from the study revealed that the practice of early marriage is deeply rooted in cultural beliefs, norms, values, perceptions and expectations as well as in socio-economic conditions and has psychosocial, socio-economic and educational limitations on the girl-child. Quantitative data revealed that of the 36 respondents in the sub-sample of child-wives and former child-wives, 44.4% were in forced early marriages; 52.8% were completely dependent on their husbands financially and materially; none of them was in a legally registered marriage; 88.6% did not know the legal age for marriage in Cameroon; 85.7% said their husbands did not treat them as equals; 63.3% reported that they lacked decision-making rights in their marital homes; 94.1% had attempted school but all of them were currently dropouts as none was schooling while in marriage; 74.2% had ended school before the age of 15 years; 85.6% of them were illiterate and all expressed the willingness to return to school if given the opportunity. Furthermore, a significant 94.1% of this sample perceived early marriage as a violation of the human rights of the girl-child and above 90.0% indicated that they lacked happiness and fulfillment in their marriages. The theory of cultural pedogamy argues that cultural pedogamy results largely from several endo-ethnic-cultural factors which include cognitive cultural factors (cultural belief systems, cultural norms and values, and culture-determined perceptions), and sociocultural factors (socio-cultural expectations, cultural practices and traditional/cultural institutions). These cultural factors have developed through a cognitive causal sequence. The interaction between the cognitive endo-ethnic-cultural factors and between the cognitive and non-cognitive factors determines the strength of the practice and its endurance over time.
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Mumford, Jeremy Ravi. "A Child Marriage in Early Colonial Cuzco". Journal of Family History 45, n.º 4 (8 de junio de 2020): 429–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199020928446.
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This article examines an arranged marriage between a seven-year-old Inka girl and an adult Spanish man, and the prosecution that followed. Historians of marriage in the early modern Hispanic world have found broad support for the principle of free consent, which underlay Catholic marriage law and prohibited child marriage. Child marriage was legally invalid and rare. Yet, in this case none of the participants, whether Spanish or indigenous, in favor or opposed to the marriage, considered child marriage to be wrong in itself. The marriage of a child provided members of two ruling castes (colonial elites and colonized Inkas) a shared space for family alliance.
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Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi. "Changing dynamics of early marriage in rural areas of northern Nigeria". Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 8, n.º 1 (9 de mayo de 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v8i1.3411.
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AbstractThe paper examines the changes that occurred over time between Christians and Muslim in rural settlements. The study collected data from focus group discussions (FGDs) with married literate adolescent girls and unmarried non-literate adolescent girls. Christian and Muslim faith leaders as well as a government official were interviewed. The study revealed the rising rate of early marriage among Christians who were hitherto known to the delayed marriage of girl-child above 18 years. These changes have been attributed to the rising rate of poverty. This is because most of the rural families in the areas surveyed regardless of their faith; are polygamous because of the nature of their occupation––subsistence farming which relied on manual labour from the family. Cultural beliefs are still adhered to in rural settlements, most parents viewed girl-child as a problem which if left unmarried, may bring shame to the family: teenage pregnancy out of wedlock which is regarded as a taboo. The paper concludes that there is a need for the cultural reorientation and awareness on how rural dwellers view girl-child. Also, it is pertinent to introduce poverty reduction projects in rural areas and the establishment of schools closer to the people as well as imparting sex education
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Chamdimba, Elita y Janne Paulsen Breimo. "Negotiating Identities and Power". Journal of Comparative Social Work 15, n.º 2 (11 de diciembre de 2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v15i2.313.
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Introduction: despite universal efforts, child marriages still occur worldwide. However, not all child marriage unions last, and little is known about how such marriages end. Most critically, there is little information on what happens to young mothers when child marriage unions dissolve. This paper explores the experiences of adolescent mothers who were in child marriages in the cultural context of central Malawi.
Methodology: using qualitative methods, data was collected in two districts in central Malawi. One focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with key community members (n=14) and three FGD, guided by an unstandardized interview guide, were conducted with adolescent mothers aged 15-22 years (n=15). The FGD with adolescent mothers were conducted in three groups, ranging from three to nine participants per group. In addition to this, a key informant interview was conducted with a community leader who is traditionally recognized as paramount chief (n=1). The data was analysed using a content analysis. The study applied the concept of ‘doing gender’ by West and Zimmerman (1987) in the analysis.
Results: what emerged from the data is that adolescent mothers embodied fragmented identities that are changing over time given the influence of life events. Amid different combinations of roles, several identities were observed: mother, wife, young, adolescent, girl, married, unmarried, victim of child marriage, survivor of child marriage, unemployed, employed, re-enrolled student, and school dropout. While these identities changed, gender did not, thus the changing identifications provided displays for ‘doing gender’ under a diverse set of subjectivities. Expressions of power at the micro-level were demonstrated by adolescent mothers through ‘resilience vs. perseverance’.
Conclusions: the study highlights that cultural sensitivity and responsiveness by traditional leaders, such as the chief, play a role in the empowering revisions of one’s identity by championing liberating life events through the termination of child marriage or access to girls’ education regardless of resistance.
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Agege, Emmanuel A., Ezekiel U. Nwose y Stella Odjimogho. "Parental perception of girl-child early marriage amongst the Urhobos in Nigeria". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, n.º 8 (23 de julio de 2018): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183049.
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Background: This study was on the parental perception of early marriage amongst the Urhobos in the Central District of Delta State. World Health Organization (2013) defined early marriage, or child marriage, as the marriage or union between two people in which one or both parties are younger than 18 years of age. The aims of this research were to assess the parents on four themes including concept of early marriage as well as perceptions on causes, consequences and strategies to mitigate the problems.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey adopted questionnaire that comprised 4-themes and a critical review. A total 360 out of 384 samples were drawn from 8-communities within the local governments in the Central senatorial district of Delta State. The percentages of responses from the respondents categorized on the Likert scale groups were determined.Results: The analysis shows disagreements among respondents’ perception. 60% are yet to acknowledge gender discrimination in the underlying practice of early marriage. 77% admitted that ignorance is a factor. There is also some strong agreement that early marriage was due to unexpected pregnancy. A total of 62.5% of respondents admitted that their daughter married the boys who impregnated them, and all the girls were forced into it by their parents.Conclusions: The observation lies credence that unexpected pregnancy is the highest cause of early marriage. It is hereby inferred that there appear to be ignorance leading parents to force their girls into early marriage because of premarital pregnancy.
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Ranmuthugala, M. E. P. "“Hush, Girl! Don’t Share Your Family Troubles with the Outside World”". KnowEx Social Sciences 1, n.º 1 (7 de julio de 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/27059901.2020.1107.
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Domestic abuse is a significant problem in Sri Lanka with government statistics showing that 17% of ever-married women between the ages of 15 to 49 have experienced some form of domestic abuse. However, this number could be higher in reality, given the prevalence of physical and emotional abuse in situations where partners live together without being married, in situations where the woman is under 15 years of age (Sri Lanka has a 2% child marriage rate), and due to low self-reportage. Although Sri Lankans can only be married after they reach 18 years of age, the war and economic conditions have resulted in a high number of child marriages in recent times. In this paper, I look at two main questions: What is the correlation between child marriage and the beginning of abuse? What is the correlation between pregnancy and the beginning of abuse? The paper draws from desk research. The paper looks only at physical abuse: It is acknowledged that the arena of emotional abuse was recognized only in 2005 after the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act was introduced in 2005 and that even now, such abuse is not given the prominence it deserves in conversations on domestic abuse. However, it was not possible in this research to examine emotional abuse due to time and resource constraints and also because even today the aspect of domestic physical abuse is also not accepted as a problem in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Domestic abuse; intimate partner violence; silencing women in intimate partnerships, child marriages, marital rape
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Bengesai, Annah V., Lateef B. Amusa y Felix Makonye. "The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 6 (9 de junio de 2021): e0252413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252413.
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Background The association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe. Methods We used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Results Our results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488). Conclusion These results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.
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Josephine, Bob-Manuel Benibo y Dr Azuonwu Goodluck. "The Causes of Early Marriage in the Different States of the Niger-Delta Region". Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, n.º 3 (29 de mayo de 2022): 109–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajhss.2022.v04i03.003.
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The children's rights throughout the globe are regarded very important. But forces and early weddings have become some of the ways children's rights are abused. This paper aimed to shed more light on why girl child are victims of forced and early marriages and the impacts and implications of such marriages on the child and society. The analyzes used the basis for Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Through hermeneutical, descriptive and analytical techniques, data collected from both main and secondary sources were evaluated. The results of this article are the damaging development of early and compelled marriages, Psychological and physical implications for the child; have adverse impacts on culture and the nation as a whole; that scriptural claims in protection are merely manipulative thoughts to cover up moral failures; and that whatever reason is provided for child marriage, the catastrophic impacts on the victims outweigh them and render child marriage unquestionably a social evil. The article concludes that early and forced marriages exist in Nigeria and need to be curbed, and subsequently proposes approaches to better enforce such legislation in order to efficiently curb forced and early marriages in Nigeria.
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Pohan, Masitah. "Legal Review of the Recognition of Outsidered Children Based on the Book of Civil Law". Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, n.º 2 (4 de mayo de 2021): 2193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1911.
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Legal review due to the recognition of out-of-wedlock children based on the Civil Code, where it is known that a child is a gift from God Almighty and if the child is born outside the marriage between a boy and a girl without acknowledgment by the parents, the child is not will have a legal relationship with his parents. This research is motivated by the importance of recognizing children born outside of marriage. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal consequences of an out-of-wedlock child if they received recognition from their parents, and to determine the impact on the outside child if they did not receive recognition. The research method used is normative legal research through literature study and using an analytical approach. Based on the results of the research, it is understood that children outside of marriage are children born outside of legal marriages, so with the recognition made by the parents, there will be a civil relationship between the child and the father and mother (Article 280 of the Civil Code).
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Bhowmik, Jahar, Raaj Kishore Biswas y Sorif Hossain. "Child Marriage and Adolescent Motherhood: A Nationwide Vulnerability for Women in Bangladesh". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 8 (12 de abril de 2021): 4030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084030.
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The persistently high prevalence of girl-child marriage and adolescent motherhood is a public health concern in Bangladesh. This study investigated the division-wise prevalence and the influence of education and religious affiliation on child marriage and adolescent motherhood among women in Bangladesh along with their consequences using 15,474 women aged 15–49 years from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18. Staggeringly, 82.5% women were married before 18, 43.1% were married before 15, and 61.8% gave birth before 18 years of age. Binary logistic regression models for the complex survey showed that girl-children with primary, secondary, and higher secondary or above education were 16% (95% CI: 0.69, 1.03), 32% (95% CI: 0.55, 0.84), and 87% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.17) less likely to get married <18 years of age, respectively, compared to the uneducated. Also, girl-children with secondary and higher education were 21 and 83% less likely to become adolescent mothers, respectively, than the uneducated. Women married during childhood (<18 years) and adolescent mothers were 36 and 55% less likely to continue studies after marriage, respectively, and expressed that they significantly preferred a late marriage. Policy interventions need to address culturally-laden social norms influenced by religious-related beliefs, especially in rural areas.
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Ingwani, Viola, Shamiso Iline Chingombe, Loveness Chindanya y Sarah Moyo. "Psycho-Social Effects of Teenage Pregnancy in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe". IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, n.º 1 (10 de mayo de 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n1.p11.
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<div><p><em>This qualitative research design focused on the psychological effects of teenage pregnancy in Masvingo Zimbabwe. In depth interviews were employed for data collection .The sample compromised five school girls with friends who dropped out of school due to teenage pregnancy, five girl child drop outs and three elders knowledgeable in Shona culture. The analysis was concerned with the attitudes of Shona society on teenage pregnancy and dropping out of school; in particular the girls’ family, the girls’ prospective in-laws, her school peers and the church. Findings revealed the trauma that the pregnant girl-child faces. It was noted that she suffers rejection, isolation, shame and low self esteem. Furthermore due to economic hardships the boys responsible for the pregnancy are not economically ready to start a family. Prospective in-laws discourage marriage because they feel that their boy children are not ready for marriage and are being taken advantage of. Recommendations were made that the family and the society should take a more supportive role when faced with pregnant teenagers.</em></p></div>
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Yagana Abba Sidi, Amina Garba Muhammad y James Audu Ngala. "Factors that contribute to girl’s dropout in some selected secondary school within Damaturu metropolis, Yobe state". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2021): 055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0036.
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A developing nation without or with low child-girls education is in danger. There is an adage which say whoever trained a girl has a plan for a future generations based on these Factors that contribute to girl dropout in some selected secondary schools, within Damaturu metropolis, was carried out, guided by six (6) objectives and six (6) research questions each. The subjects used in this study consist of teachers, parents and students from ten (10) secondary schools. Random sampling technique was used to select thirty respondents’ one parent, one teacher and one student from each school respectively. The instrument used for this study was questionnaire, frequency and percentage of the response were used to analyse the data collected. The research find out those factors such as poor economic status, broken home, death of bread winner and gender inequality causes girls dropout in secondary school. Other factors include unwanted pregnancy, early marriage hawking, negative behavior by parents, drunker and illiterate parents. Government should provide infrastructure and jobs which will enable parents to take care of their wards. Seminars and workshops should be organize to encourage parents and guidance, scholarships program may be put in place for girl child education and finally non-government organization to come on board to aid girl child education.
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Thapa, Taniya, Khagi Maya Pun, Krishna Bahadur Raut, Kalpana Silwal y Rajendra Kumar Chaudhary. "Awareness on Girl Child Abuse Among Mothers of A Selected Community". Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, n.º 213 (31 de octubre de 2018): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3758.
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Introduction: Girl Child Abuse is physically, emotionally, sexually abusing and neglecting the girl child by depriving her of universally accepted child rights. We aim to determine the awareness on girl child abuse among mothers so that necessary awareness programs could be recommended if found unsatisfactory.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Sundarbazar municipality of Lamjung district among randomly selecting 288 mothers who participated voluntarily in face to face interview that used structured questionnaire from 27th March to 23rd April, 2016. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferrential statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square and linear by linear association.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that majority of mothers 224 (77.8%) had average level of awareness regarding girl child abuse and only 21 (7.3%) had good level of awareness with mean score±SD of 45.94±9.94 (total score-76). Awareness of mother on girl child abuse was found significantly associated with age, ethnicity, educational status, type of family, age at marriage and number of children at P<0.05.
Conclusions: The mothers had average level of awareness regarding girl child abuse; however, significant proportion of mothers still lacks good level of awareness. A nationwide study of such kind using qualitative tools as well as conducting awareness raising activities focusing on girl child abuse and sexual abuse in girl child is recommended.
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Rahyu, Putri y Ahmad Muzhaffar. "Perempuan dan Pernikahan Anak Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam". Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 21, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2022): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2022.211.41-51.
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Pernikahan anak merupakan pernikahan yang dilaksanakan oleh anak di bawah umur baik itu dari pihak laki-laki, perempuan maupun keduanya. Pernikahan anak marak terjadi di kalangan para remaja yang bisa disebabkan oleh pergaulan bebas ataupun adanya pemaksaan dari orang tua. Artikel ini membahas tentang kedudukan perempuan dalam pernikahan anak yang dianalisis menggunakan kesetaraan gender dari kaca mata hukum Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif yaitu analisis secara lebih detail bagaimana pernikahan anak dalam al-Qur’an dan Hadis serta menghubungkan faktor-faktor apa saja yang terjadi dalam kehidupan rumah tangga bagi pasangan yang menikah di usia dini. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat dua konsep perempuan dalam nas, yaitu, konsep kesetaraan yaitu yang berkaitan dengan masalah-masalah ibadah, dan konsep yang bersifat ketidaksetaraan yang berkenaan dengan masalah rumah tangga seperti perkawinan. Pernikahan anak tidak dibenarkan karena mengandung nilai ketidaksetaraan terhadap perempuan dengan menganalisis dari berbagai dampak yang terjadi pada si anak]. [Child marriage is a marriage held by the minors, a boy, a girl or both. It is quite common among teenagers due to promiscuity or coercion from parents. This article discusses the position of women/girl because of early marriage by using gender equality from the Islamic law point of view. By using a normative approach, the analysis thoroughly examine how child marriage is according to the Qur'an and Hadith and the problems that they get because of early marriage. The research finds there are two concepts of women in the text : the concept of equality related to worship and the concept of inequality with regard to household problems such as marriage. A child marriage is not justified because it has the value of inequality against women and various impacts that occur on the child.]
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Arnab, Ahnaf Tahmid y Md Sanwar Siraj. "Child Marriage in Bangladesh: Policy and Ethics". Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 11, n.º 1 (17 de septiembre de 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v11i1.49193.
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Bangladesh is a Muslim-majority society with more than 163 million people. Most Bangladeshis hold the ideals of Islamic norms and values which is manifest in all sorts of socio-cultural behaviour. In reference to such values, the tradition of legitimizing child marriage in Bangladesh is the issue that needs to be addressed in a holistic yet rigorous approach. Currently Bangladesh ranks 4th in the world and 1st in Asia in terms of child marriage. Recently the Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 has been abolished and it has been replaced by the Act of 2017 preserving article 2 of the previous statute, the legal age for marriage for a boy 21 and for a girl 18. This Act adds article 19 which legalizes minors (below 18 years of age) to be married off with the consent of the parents/guardians at the presence of a magistrate under “special circumstances” deemed with securing the best interest for them. The law artfully coincides with the Muslim Marriage Law which allows participants of 15 years and above to get legally married and as such contradicts the international law and the Act of 2017 itself. In the West intimate relationships including extra-marital cohabitation before reaching 18 years of age are culturally accepted. In contrast, such extra-marital and intimate relationships are strictly prohibited in Muslim-majority societies, which are dearly adhered in Bangladeshi Muslim culture. This study examines how the religious cultural and socio-economic realities influence child marriage practice in Bangladesh. Along with secondary documents, we interviewed 22 individuals including the Deputy Commissioner, the District Women and Children Affairs Officer, elected Union Parishad Chairman and Members, Social Workers, married couples and their parents/guardians at Manikganj district. In addition, we also conducted a mass survey with 62 randomly selected participants, and a voluntary online survey where the opinion of another 53 young students were collected to find broad opinion. We also collected stories of how marriages take place at the rural, urban and sub-urban areas in Bangladesh. The study has revealed that Bangladeshis does not support marriage at early ages but socio-economic reality often pushes poor into getting their children married at early ages. Many view that the special provision may encourage child marriage in the country. This study suggests that the government of Bangladesh should redefine public policy in regard to finding a middle ground between Islamic ethics and international values by exploring isomorphic mimicry and other socio-culturally accepted measures with a view to abolishing child marriage successfully.
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Scharff, David E. "Changing family and marital structure in China". Proceedings of the Wuhan Conference on Women 3, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v3n2.2020.244.
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The author summarises factors that have played on changing roles and configurations in Chinese marriages and families in the last seventy years, including the one-child policy, periods of national trauma, and the recent stresses on families as China becomes more urban, individualistic, and entrepreneurial. He gives two family vignettes, one a couple that faces the strain of different expectations for their marriage, and the other a family with a history of trauma, alcoholism, and a school refusing adolescent girl, illustrating how couples and families experience the strains on modern Chinese families.
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Azmi, Raia, Md Uzzal Chowdhury, Hasna Hena Sara, Subas Chandra Biswas, Sairana Ahsan, Syeda Seama Mowri, Rafia Sultana, Tanvir Hasan y Sabina Faiz Rashid. "Factors Influencing Choices for Early Marriage in Urban Informal Settlements of Bangladesh". Progress in Development Studies 21, n.º 3 (julio de 2021): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14649934211023003.
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This study explores factors that shape parents’ decisions as to whether or not to arrange an early marriage of a girl child in the context of urban informal settlements in Bangladesh. The article draws on data from a larger mixed methods study conducted in two informal urban settlements of Bangladesh, and the analysis was guided by the theory of social exchange. The study found the following factors leading to early marriage: endemic poverty, high dowry costs for older girls, parents’ lack of wider social networks, adolescents dropping out of school, crime and insecurity, love affairs between adolescents and community pressure. Collaboration between government and non-government programmes to improve education, implementation of supportive laws, and greater formal economic opportunities for residents, including adolescents, in urban informal settlements, are critical to prevent early marriage in these environments.
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Tolasa, Megersa Regassa. "Females’ Voice through Oral Poetry among Limmuu Oromo, Ethiopia". Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 4, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/72.
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This article discusses about the role of Oromo oral poetry in helping girls[1] and women[2]to express their idea in their social life. It also aims to illustrate the talent of girls and women in creating and poeticizing oral poetry to display their opinion on social occurrences such as marriage ceremony, birth rite and at work place. During data collection, ethnographic methods such as observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interview were employed. I interpreted data collected from the field through these methods. The analyzed data shows that oral poetry has a crucial role to help girls and women to express their idea in pre and post marriage respectively. Before marriage, it helps girls to display their feeling, thought and emotion concerning their future life and their friend’s social life. By using oral poetry, they advise their friends and show their devotion for each other. In post marriage, through oral poetry, women pray Waaqaa (Oromo God) for a woman who unable to bear child. The paper concludes that, oral poetry helps girls and women to express their opinion in every aspect of their life such as marriage, spiritual, and reproduction issues. Therefore, it helps them to make their voice heard in the community and enhances their creativity.[1] Is durba in Oromo and are unmarried virgin girl.[2] Is dubartii in Oromo and are married women.
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Umar, Masyithah. "Marriage and Divorce: How the Two Manifest within the Banjarise Community in Indonesia". Journal of Social Sciences Research, n.º 63 (24 de marzo de 2020): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.63.245.251.
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Currently, divorce rate in most big cities of Indonesia display an alarming trajectory that warrants close examination of the factors leading to it. With Islamic religious courts presiding over most of the divorce cases, which account for the largest portion of all legal cases in the country, this study examines the causal factors of divorce particularly in Bajarmasin city in South Kalimantan province. The study uses a qualitative research method. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation study techniques. Findings indicate that there is little and sometimes no public awareness and understanding of the legal procedure of settling marriage deputes as many skip other available services like the Marriage and Divorce Advisory Board and directly seek divorce rulings from religious courts. It has also been established that domestic violence, secret marriages (Siri), early marriages and infidelity among other factors, are the main causes of the divorce. It has been established most of the couples seeking divorce ignore or are either ignorant about the roles and existence of the Marriage and Divorce Advisory Board which is formality tasked with the role counseling marriages couples with varying disputes and grievances. It is concluded that public awareness of proper channels and procedures of settling marriage disputes, women empowerment, increasing and promoting girl child education, strengthening family incomes, legal counseling on marriage law and a brief orientation on the dangers / impacts of secretary and early marriages could in the long-run curb the rampant divorce rates in the country and of course in Banjarmasin.
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Tyagi, Dr Nisha. "Roots of Truants of Girl Students in Government Primary Schools of Rajasthan (A Case Study of District Kota)". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 1, n.º 4 (28 de octubre de 2021): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc1401.
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The core aims of the present research study were to study the factors affecting the educational development of the girl students and the scale of absentees of girls at primary level in the Government schools of District Kota, Rajasthan. This research was based on both primary and secondary data. The interview schedules were constructed for collecting data. The primary data was collected from teachers, parents, out of schoolgirls, administrators and focus groups. The secondary data was collected from government agencies, civil society organizations, existing research studies, newspapers, magazines and reports. The data was collected through random sampling method. Here some of the major reasons of girls’ absenteeism at primary school level in rural areas of Kota: 1. Unfavourable attitude of parents. 2. Involvement of girl children in domestic activities. 3. Poverty of parents. 4. Gender discrimination. 5. Early marriage and pregnancy. 6. Violence against girls in schools. 7. Funding. 8. Child-domestic labour. 9. Lack of government schools. 10. Lack of encouragement.
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Rani, Ety y Wardatul Akmam. "Incidence of Early Marriage Induced Girl Dropouts at Secondary Level: A Study of Bharsho Village in Naogaon District". Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS) 2, n.º 2 (22 de junio de 2022): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v2i2.463.
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In this study, efforts have been made to explore the incidence of early marriage-induced dropout among girls at the secondary level of education. This study has three objectives. There are: to find different factors that affected girls’ dropout; to investigate the extent to which child marriage functioned as a reason for girls’ dropout; To relate the findings of the study to Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs. Social survey and case study methods have been applied for data collection. Data have been collected from 131 respondents with informed consent. The research area of this study was Bharsho village under the district of Naogaon in Bangladesh. In this study, the socio-economic condition of respondents’ parents and father-in-law was poor. A majority of the respondents’ main reason for dropping out was early marriage. Early marriage was a very significant factor that affects girls’ dropouts. This study shows a strong relationship between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, early marriage, and girls’ dropout.
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Annie y Sachin Kumar Sharma. "Impacts of poverty and education on the prevalence of girl child marriage in India, and early marriage implications". Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 10, n.º 11 (2021): 752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.01116.2.
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Efevbera, Yvette, Jacqueline Bhabha, Paul E. Farmer y Günther Fink. "Girl child marriage as a risk factor for early childhood development and stunting". Social Science & Medicine 185 (julio de 2017): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.027.
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Azimi, Khadijeh. "The trend of girl child marriage in Iran based on national census data". Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 28, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 1820655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2020.1820655.
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Binazzi, Alice. "Migrations and girl child rights in Europe. An anthropological perspective for agenda 2030 SDG5 implementation". Collectivus, Revista de Ciencias Sociales 6, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15648/coll.2.2019.2.
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International legal standards for children’s rights and Girl Child Rights, strengthened by the global commitment of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and its SDG5 on gender equality set, as a priority, the elimination of all forms of violence against girl children and girl adolescents. Among them, harmful traditional practices, including child, forced and early marriage and female genital mutilations (FGMs), tend to re-produce, increasingly, in European countries, in connection to migration processes and the extensión of habitats of meaning, therefore, representing a new challenge for States, receiving significant migration flows. In this framework, our anthropology of implementation work, by a gendered qualitative approach, aims at shedding light on this topic, proposing the case of France, in comparison to the on-going debate in other European countries and reflecting on the role of institutions and the close relationship between culture and legislation for implementation.
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Fafard St-Germain, Andrée-Anne, Russell S. Kirby y Marcelo L. Urquia. "Reproductive health among married and unmarried mothers aged less than 18, 18–19, and 20–24 years in the United States, 2014–2019: A population-based cross-sectional study". PLOS Medicine 19, n.º 3 (10 de marzo de 2022): e1003929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003929.
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Background Studies in low- and middle-income regions suggest that child marriage (<18 years) is a risk factor for poor reproductive outcomes among women. However, in high-income-country contexts where childbearing before age 18 occurs predominantly outside marriage, it is unknown whether marriage is adversely associated with reproductive health among mothers below age 18. This study examined the joint associations of marriage and adolescent maternal age group (<18, 18–19, and 20–24 years) with reproductive, maternal, and infant health indicators in the United States. Methods and findings Birth registrations with US resident mothers aged ≤24 years with complete information on marital status were drawn from the 2014 to 2019 Natality Public Use Files (n = 5,669,824). Odds ratios for the interaction between marital status and maternal age group were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for covariates such as maternal race/ethnicity and nativity status, federal program participation, and paternal age. Marriage prevalence was 3.6%, 13.2%, and 34.1% among births to mothers aged <18, 18–19, and 20–24 years, respectively. Age gradients in the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were present for most indicators, and many gradients differed by marital status. Among births to mothers aged <18 years, marriage was associated with greater adjusted odds of prior pregnancy termination (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.52–1.77, p < 0.001), repeat birth (AOR 2.84, 95% CI 2.68–3.00, p < 0.001), maternal smoking (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15–1.35, p < 0.001), and infant morbidity (AOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14, p = 0.03), but weaker or reverse associations existed among births to older mothers. For all maternal age groups, marriage was associated with lower adjusted odds of late or no prenatal care initiation, sexually transmitted infection, and no breastfeeding at hospital discharge, but these beneficial associations were weaker among births to mothers aged <18 and 18–19 years. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional nature and lack of information on marriage timing relative to prior pregnancy events. Conclusions Marriage among mothers below age 18 is associated with both adverse and favorable reproductive, maternal, and infant health indicators. Heterogeneity exists in the relationship between marriage and reproductive health across adolescent maternal age groups, suggesting girl child marriages must be examined separately from marriages at older ages.
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Tyagi, Dr Nisha. "Causes & Effects Of Absentees Of Girl Students In Government Primary Schools Of Rajasthan". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 1, n.º 3 (julio de 2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc1315.
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The major objectives of the present research study were to analyse the factors affecting the educational development of the girl students and the magnitude of absentees of girls at primary level in the Government school of Rajasthan. India. An attempt was made to address the phenomenon of absenteeism in Government schools in the present context. This research was based on both primary and secondary data. The Structured Questionnaire were constructed for collecting data. The primary data was collected from teachers, parents, out of schoolgirls, administrators and focus groups. The secondary data was collected from government agencies, civil society organizations, existing research studies, newspapers, magazines and reports. The data was collected through random sampling method. Here some of the major reasons of girls’ absenteeism at primary school level in rural areas: 1. Unfavourable attitude of parents. 2. Involvement of girl children in domestic activities. 3. Poverty of parents. 4. Gender discrimination. 5. Early marriage and pregnancy. 6. Violence against girls in schools. 7. Funding. 8. Child-domestic labour. 9. Lack of government schools. 10. Lack of encouragement.
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Purnamasari, Ika. "Analysis of Child Rights Violation: Forced Marriage Underage and Collaborative Practice". Jurnal Kesehatan 10, n.º 1 (26 de junio de 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46815/jkanwvol8.v10i1.111.
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Children's rights are part of human rights that must be guaranteed, protected and fulfilled by parents, family, community, state, government and local government. This article discussed the analysis of a case of violation of children's rights in the form of forced marriage to a child. The case description is an 11-years old girl forced to marry a 50-years old man. The child was bleeding and frightened and then the child was admitted to a hospital. The question that arises based on the description of the case is "How is the collaborative practice in handling the child while in hospital treatment in terms of the Child Protection and Patient Safety Law?". The analytical method used in this case description was a literature study that focuses on reviewing legal aspects, patient safety and collaborative practice in handling the case. The results of the analysis show that in this case there has been a violation of the Child Protection Law, the child must receive safety during treatment and receive collaboration from multi-disciplinary professions. Every child has the right to grow and develop according to his/her age safely and in accordance with his dignity as a human being.
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Envuladu, EA, RJ Umaru, NO Iorapuu, IA Osagie, EO Okoh y AI Zoakah. "Determinants and effect of girl child marriage: a cross sectional study of school girls in Plateau State, Nigeria". International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research 5, n.º 3 (3 de octubre de 2016): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14194/ijmbr.5.3.3.
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Rosyid, Moh. "PERKAWINAN DINI DAN PERCERAIAN: Studi Kasus Perempuan Samin di Kudus Jawa Tengah". Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender 20, n.º 1 (15 de julio de 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/marwah.v20i1.9656.
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This paper is a qualitative research based on observation and interview among Samin community in Kudus. The purpose of this study is presenting unregistered marriage among Samin community. Samin community is the descendants and followers of Ki Samin Surosentiko, renowned for his nonconformity against the Dutch since 1840s. Following the teaching, Samin people do not registered their marriage and thus they do not feel necessary to obey the government regulation on the minimum age of marriage. The marriage among Samin community will be performed once a girl and a boy perceived to be ready. There are three stages of maturity: adam timur, adam brahi and wong sikep kukuh wali adam. This understanding may lead to child marriage and among its negative impact is divorce. The consequences of unregistered marriage go further to dispute of marital property, right of guardianship, and even conflict between relatives. Nowadays, some Samin people try to find a way to register their marriage in order to get a marriage certificate from the Office of Civil Administration of Kudus. The government needs to pay more attention to the phenomena.
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Maisarah, Afrizal, Zulfahmi, Fizal Mauliza y Faisal Murni. "Minimum Marriage Age: Study of Fiqh of Four Madhabs". Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 1, n.º 2 (3 de octubre de 2019): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v1i2.46.
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Fiqh of four madhab (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hambali) permit the marriage of minors, so that parents tend to marry their children at an underage. This ppinion is criticized in modern times who want a minimum age of marriage. The question arises how the interpretation of the four madhab (Islamic jurisprudence) of thought is used and are there other arguments that can be used in reinterpreting the existence of a minimum age of marriage. This study uses some methods, firstly, to examine the verses and hadith to find out whether there are cues about the minimum age of marriage or not. Secondly, to reinterpret using the ta‘liliyyah method and the termiyyah of the arguments used by the religious and contemporary scholars. The result shows that the madhab declares Surah al-Thalaq as the proposition regarding the ability of marriages of young children. According to the author, the logic is incorrect because there is no need to iddah for virgin women contained in Surah al-Ahzhab verse 49; The religious scholars also use it as the proposition of the Prophet's marriage hadith. with ‘Aisha r.a when she was a child, even though this incident occurred in Mecca before the Muslim period and before the hadith about the guardian's obligation to ask permission for a girl or widow. This study also finds other verses that can be used as arguments in limiting the age of marriage, namely Surat al-Nisa 'verses 5-6 and 9, the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud and maslahah to be achieved from a marriage, which explicitly states that both adult and maturity both physically and mentally as a condition of marriage.
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Dualle, Ali Omar, Kennedy Onkware y Ferdinand Nabiswa. "Effects of Socio-Cultural Practices on Humanitarian Response for Girl-Child Education among South Sudanese Girls in Kakuma Camp, Kenya". International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 9, n.º 11 (7 de noviembre de 2022): 7322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i011.01.
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Gender disparity pervades global society due to socio-cultural practices that tend to disfavor girls. Despite previous humanitarian responses, girl-child education still has numerous constraints due to socio-cultural practices. This situation exacerbates doubly during humanitarian emergencies. South Sudanese girls are often denied the same educational opportunities as boys in Kakuma Camp due to cultural attitudes and poverty. The general objective of the study was to investigate the socio-cultural practices affecting humanitarian response towards girl-child education among South Sudanese of Kakuma camp, Kenya. the study was underpinned by a conceptual framework anchored on two theories, namely, socio-cultural theory and theory of Change. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design and evaluative research design. The study was conducted in Kakuma refugee camp, located in Northwestern Kenya. The target population included girls in schools within the refugee camp. The study also targeted other education stakeholders including teachers, members of the school board of management (BOM), parents, girls who dropped out of school, Humanitarian agencies implementing education in the camps and Government officials. The total sample size for the study was 451. The study employed several sampling techniques including stratified proportionate sampling, simple random sampling, convenience sampling, snowball sampling and purposive sampling. Analysis of the data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 24) for descriptive statistics to generate frequencies and percentages. The data was presented in form of tables. The study found out that, child/early marriage, boys being preferred to girls and domestic chores were socio-cultural practices that were highly practiced Based on the conclusion the study recommends that the government should strengthen child protection services and policies to protect girls from harmful socio-cultural practices that would affect their education.
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Alua, M. A., J. Agalga y M. Akamba. "THE JOURNEY SO FAR IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF GIRLS AND PERFORMANCE IN GHANA: THE CASE OF KASSENA-NANKANA EAST MUNICIPALITY". UDS International Journal of Development 9, n.º 1 (16 de agosto de 2022): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47740/544.udsijd6i.
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Empowering the girl child has long been the goal of many countries especially countries hard hit by gender disparity in education. Ghana, just like other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, has implemented policies to help address gender disparity in education. This study sought to assess factors that limit female enrolment and performance despite policies and programmes put in place to solve gender disparity in education. Using a quantitative research approach, questionnaires were administered to 1,070 students and 170 teachers. Secondary data on enrolment and performance were also acquired from the Kassena-Nankana East Municipal office of the Ghana Education Service. The study revealed that though enrolment in senior high schools increased for both boys and girls from 2010/2011 to 2019/2020 academic years, girls still lagged behind boys in enrolment and performed inversely in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination. Poor parental control, peer pressure, teenage pregnancy, poverty, early marriage and betrothal, and gender roles, still have significant effects on female enrolment. Access to money for upkeep affects the concentration of girls in school while policies and programmes put in place to help address gender disparity, are riddled with limitations. The way forward is to ensure that policies meet their goals as well as encouraging girls to take education serious through initiatives such as rewarding brilliant students and enhancing mentorship in schools. Keywords: Girl child, Enrolment, Performance, Senior high school, Challenges.
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Lawore, Olanike. "Diaspora and Syncretism: Marriage Rites in Yorùbá Homeland and Abroad". Yoruba Studies Review 4, n.º 1 (21 de diciembre de 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v4i1.130026.
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The marriage institution is as old as the human race and is valued for companionship and procreation. The Yorùbá race accords great importance to this institution and has a distinctive manner of contracting its nuptials which underscores the sacredness it attaches to marriage. The importance attached to this union is evident in parents’ preparation even before the girl-child is born, including contracting a marriage proposal on her behalf. This marks the beginning of a long process that will eventually culminate in future marriage. As Yorùbá people are found all over the globe, the marital rites are transferred from the original soil to the diaspora, the result of which is the syncretic practices that are associated with marital practices abroad. This essay therefore engages in a comparative exercise, identifying marital rites in the diaspora that have maintained close ties with homeland and those that have diverged from them.
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Yazbak, Mahmoud. "MINOR MARRIAGES AND KHIYĀR AL-BULŪGH IN OTTOMAN PALESTINE: A NOTE ON WOMEN'S STRATEGIES IN A PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY". Islamic Law and Society 9, n.º 3 (2002): 386–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851902320901206.
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AbstractSharī'a court records (sijills) are legal documents that summarize discussions that took place in the courtroom. They also contain a wealth of detail on various aspects of Muslim society. Drawing on different sijills from nineteenth-century Palestine and fatwās of Khayr al-Dīn al-Ramlī, I examine the phenomenon of child marriage and the practice of khiyār al-bulūgh, literally "option of puberty". If a natural guardian contracts a marriage for a minor child, male or female, the child may not subsequently have the contract annulled. Whereas a boy enjoys the right to divorce his wife through the mechanism of talāq as soon as he reaches his majority, a girl who reaches her majority must approach the court if she wants to dissolve a marriage (faskh), and she may do so only if she was married while a minor by a non-natural guardian. In this case, she may exercise her right of khiyār al-bulūgh immediately upon reaching her legal majority, i.e., at the onset of her first menstruation. But she must make a public declaration of the occurrence of menstruation so that the persons who hear the declaration may serve as witnesses on her behalf.
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Raj Paudel, Deepak. "Attitude on Premarital Sex, Marriage and Family Size among Adolescents in Pokhara Valley". Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, n.º 1 (24 de noviembre de 2019): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.58.
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This is a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to assess the attitude on premarital sex, marriage and family size among school going adolescents in Pokhara valley in 2006. The study included 400 students carried out from 170 from 8 government schools and 230 from 8 private schools of the classes X, XI, and XII of the Pokhara valley. The self administered questionnaire prepared in Nepali method was applied for collecting information from randomly selected students in each selected school. Out of total, 57.5 % students were boys and 91% were in age group of 15-18 years. About two-fifths (41%) of the students did not agree with the statement that “premarital sex is not good”. This attitude was higher in boys than girls (46% versus 34%) and in government school students than private school students (57% versus 33%). More than half (62%) students preferred arranged marriage, and it comprised 73% of girls and 53% of boys. Almost all of the students (97%) were of the opinion that a couple should not have more than two children. Of total, 85% of the students’ preferred to have one son. The preference of a son is slightly higher in girls (87%) than in boys (84%). About half of the students (53%) were aware that biologically male is responsible for the sex of the child. This knowledge was higher in the boys (54%) and those studying in government school (58%) than girl students (51%) and private school students (50%). This concludes that male were more liberal towards premarital sex, self arranged marriage, sex preference than girls.
Key words: Attitude, Premarital Sex, Marriage, Adolescents, Family Size
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Nebechukwu, Diamond Preye y Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe. "actors Affecting Girl-Child Education among the Kambari of Niger State, Nigeria: A Sociological Perspective". Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 18, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/0202/81(0220).
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This study examined factors that adversely affect girl-child education among the Kambari. Marx Weber’s social action theory, patriarchy and sex role theories provided the theoretical framework. Empirical data were drawn from a household survey among 1,598 respondents, comprising a pair of adult males (385) and their sons (385) and adult females (414) and their daughters (414). A multi-staged sampling technic was employed to select sample units. Two structured questionnaires were employed for the household survey. Twelve case-studies of girl-children, fourteen in-depth interviews and fifteen FGDs were also conducted among different groups. The data were subjected to descriptive, logistic regression and content analyses. The burden of domestic work, unintended teenage pregnancy, poor academic performance, parental ignorance, child-betrothal and early marriage, son preference adversely affected the girl-child’s access to education. The logistic regression shows that the odds of exhibiting discriminatory practice towards girl-child education are about 6 times higher among adult males compared to the females, 4.2 times higher among participants with no formal education, 4 times higher among adherents of traditional religion and 3 times among Muslims. Further, respondents with rigid conception of gender role are more likely to exhibit discriminatory gender practices as well as those with negative childhood experience, those from homes where men dominate in decision-making and those from homes with non-valuation of women’s participation in decision-making. A holistic approach should be adopted at all levels of government, religious and traditional institutions to address the marginalization of Kambari girl-children in accessing formal education.
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G, Bhuvaneswari y Binu D. Sahayam. "A Study on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Gendered Digital Divide and Sustainable Development Goals". ECS Transactions 107, n.º 1 (24 de abril de 2022): 10603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.10603ecst.
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The aim of the study is to understand the gendered digital divide gap that has proliferated during this COVID-19 pandemic. The poorest and most disadvantaged children are particularly vulnerable, as they risk missing out on learning and failing to return to school. Girl children from low socioeconomic status endure the most discrimination from society. Reasons such as dropping out of school after puberty or for family reasons, doing household chores, caring for the elderly and siblings, being subjected to various forms of abuse and harassment, being forced into child marriage, and participating in labour activities are all common, but they have increased during this lockdown. Gender disparities and inequalities obstruct progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): despite measured strategies and solutions, progress toward Goal 5 to "achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls" remains restricted. The researcher conducted a review study by collecting around 25 research articles gender inequalities faced by the girl child during this pandemic in rural India. The researched aimed to study the present socioeconomic situation of the girl children in rural areas, to analyze the existing factors associated with the gendered gap digital divide in rural areas, and focus on bridging the gaps in achieving sustainable developmental goals. Based on the findings of the review, the researcher believes that every child's contribution, regardless of gender or background, is critical, and identified specific gaps remaining. As a result, resolving this issue requires a multi-sectoral approach.
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Titus, Adesegun Benedict, Adekunle Babatunde Dada y Emmanuel O. Adu. "Effects of Social Habits and Girl-child Marriage on Students Academic Performance in Social Studies". Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology 7, n.º 4 (octubre de 2016): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09766634.2016.11885723.
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Oladeji, David. "Sociocultural Factors Influencing Girl-Child Education in the Context of Marriage in Ilorin Environs, Nigeria". Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 51, n.º 6 (15 de julio de 2010): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10502551003652074.
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