Tesis sobre el tema "Glutatión peroxidasa"
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CARRILLO, NIETO OSCAR y VARA IGNACIO ARTURO DOMINGUEZ. "EFECTOS DE UN BOLO DE CRISTAL SOLUBLE CON SELENIO EN VARIABLES HEMÁTICAS, ACTIVIDAD DE GLUTATIÓN PEROXIDASA, CONCENTRACIÓN SÉRICA DE SELENIO Y CALIDAD SEMINAL DE MORUECOS SUFFOLK Y HAMPSHIRE". Tesis de maestría, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68548.
Texto completoMoreno, Achurra Ana Karina. "Revisión meta-analítica del efecto de selenio orgánico sobre la retención a nivel muscular y la actividad de glutatión peroxidasa en peces". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112230.
Texto completoEl selenio es un mineral traza esencial en la nutrición animal, y posee funciones importantes relacionadas con el sistema antioxidante del organismo. Actualmente los mercados se encuentran dirigidos a una producción más limpia y que implique menores costos para su obtención. Es por esto que surge la idea de suplementar las dietas de peces con selenio orgánico, ya que aumenta su absorción y retención, conllevando con ello un aumento en la biodisponibilidad del mineral. Para evaluar esto, se realizó un meta-análisis, el cual permitió contrastar los resultados obtenidos por siete autores en relación a la suplementación de selenio orgánico en la alimentación de peces y su efecto en la retención de este mismo a nivel muscular y la actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa a nivel plasmático y hepático. Los resultados obtenidos de los estudios fueron llevados a una métrica común mediante el cálculo del índice del tamaño del efecto. A partir de él, se obtuvo la estimación del efecto global (d·), con valores de 2,279, 1,085 y 1,884 para las variables, retención de selenio a nivel muscular, actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa a nivel plasmático y actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa a nivel hepático respectivamente, siendo este efecto alto en cada una de las variables. La homogeneidad calculada entre los estudios presentó valores de p-value iguales a 9,96·10-9, 8,9·10-1 y 7,88·10-3 para cada una de las variables respectivamente, presentando para cada variable heterogeneidad entre los resultados analizados. En tanto, la comparación realizada entre las fuentes de selenio (selenito de sodio y selenometionina), indicó que con un p-value 9,955·10-9 y 7,88·10-3 para retención a nivel muscular y actividad a nivel hepático respectivamente, existe diferencia significativa entre las fuentes, por lo que la selenometionina aumentaría la retención a nivel muscular y la actividad de la enzima a nivel hepático, mientras que con un p-value de 8,6·10-1 no se presenta diferencia entre las fuentes para actividad enzimática a nivel plasmático. Los estudios con mayor influencia en el cálculo del efecto global para cada una de las variables fueron los de Lorentzen et al. (1994) y Wang et al. (2004) para la variable retención a nivel muscular, Lorentzen et al. (1994) y Liu et al. (2010) para actividad enzimática a nivel plasmático y los estudios de Zhou et al. (2009) y Raider et al. (2010) para actividad enzimática a nivel hepático. Estos estudios son además, los que presentaron el mayor cambio en magnitud en la estimación del efecto global al removerlos del meta-análisis y graficar el efecto provocado por su ausencia en el análisis de sensibilidad.
Selenium is a trace mineral which is essential in animal nutrition and has important functions related to the antioxidant system of the organism. At present fish farming markets are oriented towards a cleaner production involving lower costs. Based on this, supplementing fish diets with organic selenium arose as a feasible idea since this mineral increases its absorption and retention, which leads to an increase in the bioavailability of the mineral. To evaluate this possibility, a meta-analysis was carried out to contrast the results obtained by seven authors in relation to supplementing fish feed with organic selenium and its effect on the retention of this mineral at the muscle level and on the activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme at plasma and hepatic levels. The results obtained from the above studies were transformed to a common metric by means of the effect size estimation. Based on it, an estimate of the global effect (d·) was obtained with values of 2.279, 1.085, and 1.884 for the variables selenium retention at muscle level, activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme at plasma level and activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme at hepatic level, respectively, this effect being high in each of the variables. Homogeneity calculated among the studies showed p-values of 9.96·10-9, 8.9·10-1 and 7.88·10-3 for each of the variables, respectively, thus presenting heterogeneity among the results analyzed for each variable. Meanwhile, the comparison among the sources of selenium, sodium selenite and selenomethionine indicated that with p-values of 9.955·10-9 and 7.88·10-3 for retention at muscle level and activity at hepatic level, respectively, there is a significant difference among the sources. Consequently, selenomethionine would increase retention at muscle level and the enzymatic activity at hepatic level, while with a p-value of 8.6·10-1 no difference exists among the sources for the enzymatic activity at plasma level. The studies with greater influence on the estimation of the global effect for each of the variables were those by Lorentzen et al. (1994) and Wang et al. (2004) for the variable retention at muscle level, those by Lorentzen et al. (1994) and Liu et al. (2010) for the enzymatic activity at plasma level, and those by Zhou et al. (2009) and Raider et al. (2010) for the enzymatic activity at hepatic level.
Libien-Jiménez, Yamel;#0000-0002-0012-1967 y Yamel Libien-Jiménez. "Efecto de la adición de selenio orgánico en la dieta de ovinos en finalización sobre la vida de anaquel de la carne". Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/59205.
Texto completoDrehmer, Rieger Eraci. "Estudio comparativo de aceite de oliva y maíz sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de rata". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/4181.
Texto completoDrehmer Rieger, E. (2007). Estudio comparativo de aceite de oliva y maíz sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de rata [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4181
Palancia
Ufer, Christoph. "Untersuchungen zur Expressionsregulation der Phospholipid-Hydroperoxid-Glutathion-Peroxidase". Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979803632.
Texto completoNascimento, Vanessa do. "Atividade de selenetos e selenóxidos como miméticos da enzima glutationa peroxidase". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95428.
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O presente trabalho apresenta a síntese de uma série de selenetos e selenóxidos com grande diversidade estrutural e a avaliação de seus potenciais para mimetizar a enzima glutationa peroxidase. Para este estudo empregou-se o método de Tomoda, o qual utiliza H2O2 como peróxido e PhSH como substituto da glutationa e acompanha-se a 305 nm a formação do PhSSPh (produto oxidado da reação). A estratégia sintética adotada permitiu a preparação de diversos compostos e, consequentemente, o estudo da relação de suas estruturas/atividades. Além disso, a partir de evidências cinéticas, foi proposto um novo ciclo catalítico para os mesmos, quando empregados na reação de oxidação de PhSH com H2O2. Os catalisadores de selênio sintetizados e empregados nesse estudo foram: Ebselen 1, benzil fenil seleneto 2, 1-(2-(benzil)benzilseleneto)pirrolidina 3, benzil fenil selenóxido 4, benzil(4-metóxifenil)selenóxido 5, benzil(3,5- bis(trifluorometil)fenil)selenóxido 6, (2-(benzil)fenilselenóxido)metanol 7, 1-(2- (benzil)benzilselenóxido)pirrolidina 8. Sabe-se que compostos orgânicos de selênio são catalisadores eficientes em uma variedade de reações de oxidação utilizando peróxidos, incluindo GPx like. Esta capacidade está intimamente associada à natureza eletrônica dos substituintes do catalisador. Sendo assim, com os compostos 2 - 8 em mãos, partiu-se para a investigação do uso dos mesmos, em quantidades catalíticas para obter-se a relação entre suas estruturas e atividades como miméticos da GPx, utilizando o Ebselen 1 como padrão. As atividades dos compostos foram apresentadas em termos de velocidades iniciais, a partir de um gráfico traçado pela Absorbância (em 305 nm) em função do Tempo. Os selenóxidos 4, 5 e 6 apresentaram atividade semelhante, concluindo-se que no mecanismo desse tipo de compostos como miméticos da GPx, os substituintes (doadores ou retiradores de elétrons) não causam grande influência na atividade catalítica. Porém, quando empregou-se os selenóxidos 7 e 8, houve um significativo aumento da velocidade de formação do produto (PhSSPh) em comparação com os outros selenóxidos. Esta diferença de atividade foi associada ao fato de que nos selenóxidos 7 8 os átomos de nitrogênio ou oxigênio podem quelar-se ao átomo de selênio. Com o intuito de determinar o mecanismo da reação, realizou-se alguns ensaios em quantidades estequiométricas, a fim de facilitar a observação da formação do PhSSPh. Foram preparadas soluções dos compostos 2 e 4 como ativadores de H2O2, na oxidação de PhSH, ambas em metanol. O mecanismo da reação de selenetos e selenóxidos como miméticos da GPx, utilizando-se PhSH como cofator, foi revisado. As evidências experimentais e cinéticas observadas sugeriram que durante a oxidação de PhSH pelos selenóxidos na presença de H2O2 uma nova espécie, presume-se que seja a perhidróxi selenona, foi formada. Esta espécie é um melhor agente oxidante do que o selenóxido. Isso se deve, pois nos ensaios realizados, a velocidade inicial de oxidação do PhSH frente ao H2O2, ativada por selenóxidos, foi 9000 vezes maior do na reação sem peróxido. Além disso, selenóxidos não foram reduzidos ao correspondente seleneto, como era descrito previamente, uma vez que isolou-se o mesmo depois de 30 minutos de reação.
Passaia, Gisele. "Análise funcional dos genes de glutationa peroxidase em arroz (Oriza sativa) e Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143442.
Texto completoReactive oxygen species (ROS) affect significantly cellular redox homeostasis. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the most studied ROS, is considered a key regulator in a number of physiological processes dependent of its concentration in the cell: at low concentrations acts as a signaling molecule involved in plant acclimation to stress, triggering tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses; on the other hand, at high concentrations can promote cell death. Gradients of ROS and phytohormones can influence the responses of local growth and consecutively can affect the cellular redox state. Several phytohormones affect redox signaling processes controlling cell growth and defense. The intracellular levels of H2O2 are controlled by the action of several enzymes like peroxidases and catalases. Among the peroxidases, the GPX family of proteins can be found in virtually all kingdoms and is being increasingly studied in plants. In rice, this family consists of five genes, while in Arabidopsis eight genes were identified. This study aimed to characterize functionally rice and Arabidopsis GPX genes. Arabidopsis thaliana nockout mutants for AtGPX1, AtGPX2, AtGPX3, AtGPX4, AtGPX6, and AtGPX7 AtGPX8 genes were obtained. In Arabidopsis, at least AtGPX2, AtGPX3 and AtGPX6 are necessary to hormone-dependent control of root achitecture formation. RNAi knockdown in rice of OsGPX1, and OsGPX3 OsGPX4 generated plants with shorter root and shoot lengths, and deficient panicle formation. An 80% gene expression reduction of the chloroplastic isoform (OsGPX4) was lethal, and impaired the regeneration of plants from rice calli, whereas the reduction of expression in 40% and 95% of OsGPX1 (GPX1s) and OsGPX3 (GPX3s), respectively, did not prevent plant regeneration. However, GPX1s plants were smaller and had fewer panicles and seed compared to NT (non-transformed) plants. Additionally, GPX3s plants showed reduced length of the shoot as roots and accumulation of H2O2 about twenty times greater than the plant NT. GPX participation during vegetative and reproductive development of rice plants and the hormone-dependent root arquitecture formation in Arabidopsis was demonstrated in this work. The data set obtained contributed to the understanding of the role of these enzymes in the redox homeostasis, as well as how the interaction with phytohormones in development processes and plant defense occurs.
Rocha, Anna Silvia Penteado Setti da. "Efeito do selenito de sodio na reparação ossea em tibias de ratos irradiados". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290156.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Sendo a radiação ionizante causador de efeitos deletérios no processo de reparação tecidual e o selenito de sódio um agente antioxidante, atuando contra os radicais livres no organismo, a realização deste trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito radioprotetor do selenito de sódio no processo de reparação óssea em tíbias de ratos fêmea (Rattus Norvergicus, Albinus, Wistar). A amostra, constituída por 100 ratos, foi dividida em quatro grupos experimentais: controle, irradiado, selênio e selênio/irradiado. Todos os animais foram submetidos a um ato cirúrgico que teve como finalidade a produção de um defeito ósseo nas tíbias direita e esquerda. Os animais dos grupos selênio e selênio/irradiado receberam dose única, via intraperitoneal, de 1 mg/Kg de peso corpóreo de selenito de sódio, sendo que nos animais do grupo selênio/irradiado, a dose foi injetada 15 horas antes destes serem irradiados. A irradiação para os grupos irradiado e selêniolirradiado foi realizada por um aparelho de Cobalto terapia (C06o) com dose simples de 8 Gy nos membros inferiores, após três dias do procedimento cirúrgico. Transcorridos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 45 dias, o processo de reparação óssea foi avaliado em cortes histológicos corados com Hematoxilina Eosina e Tricrômico de Mallory; pela análise ultra-estrutural por microscopia eletrônica de varredura; e quantitativa mente pela densidade volumétrica. Morfologicamente, observou-se que o grupo selênio/irradiado aos 7 dias apresentava-se mais atrasado que o grupo controle, entretanto aos 28 dias os Efeito do Selenito de Sódio na Reparação Óssea em Tíbias de Ratos Irradiados grupos controle, selênio e selênio/irradiado apresentavam um padrão de reparação óssea semelhante, o que também foi observado pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura, aos 45 dias. Quantitativamente, foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as médias de densidade volumétrica para os grupos selênio e selênio/irradiado aos 7, 14 e 28 dias e entre os grupos controle e selênio aos 14 dias. Assim, concluiu-se que o selenito de sódio, apesar de ter-se mostrado tóxico aos sete dias do processo de reparação tecidual, agiu como um eficaz radioprotetor na reparação óssea de tíbias de ratos
Abstract: Considering that the ionizing radiation may cause deleterious effects on the process of tissue repair and sodium selenite is an antioxidant agent, acting against the free radicals in the organism, this study aimed at evaluating the radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on the process of bone repair in tibiae of Wistar rats. The sample comprised 100 rats and was divided into four experimental groups: control, irradiated, selenium and selenium/irradiated. Ali animals were submitted to a surgical procedure for production of a bane defect in the right and left tibiae. The animals in the selenium and selenium/irradiated groups received a single dose of sodium selenite (1 mg/kg of body weight) via intraperitoneal injection; the animals in the selenium/irradiated group received the injection 15 hours before irradiation. The irradiation for the irradiated and selenium/irradiated groups was applied with a cobalt therapy machine (CO60) with simple dose at 8 Gy on the lower limbs, three days after surgery. After 7, 14, 21, 28 and 45 days, the process of one repair was morphologically evaluated by Hematoxylin Eosin and Mallory Trichrome staining; ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy; and quantitatively evaluated by the volumetric density. As to morphology, it was observed that the selenium/irradiated group at 7 days presented a Iate repair compared to the control group; however, at 28 days, the control, selenium and selenium/irradiated groups presented a similar pattern of bone repair, which was also revealed by scanning electron microscopy at 45 days. Quantitatively, there was a statistically significant difference between the means of volumetric density for the selenium and seleniumlírradiated groups at 7, 14 and 28 days and between the control and selenium groups at 14 days. Thus, it was concluded that sodium selenite, despite being toxic at the seventh day of tissue repair, was an effective radioprotective agent for bone repair in tibiae of rats
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
Schneider, Manuela. "Untersuchungen zur Funktion der Phospholipid-Hydroperoxid-Glutathion-Peroxidase anhand eines Knock-out-Mausmodells". Diss., kostenfrei, 2006. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8128/.
Texto completoGrünler, Nadine. "Untersuchungen zur Rolle der Glutathion-Peroxidase 4 als möglicher Redox-Sensor in Säugetierzellen". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-182722.
Texto completoCollao, Reyes Paulina Angélica. "Actividad enzimática de la glutation peroxidasa en corteza cerebral, hipocampo y amígdala de gatos con epilepsia inducida por ampa". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131453.
Texto completoLa Glutatión peroxidasa (GSHPx) es un enzima que forma parte de un sistema antioxidante, la cual reacciona en forma efectiva contra lípidos y otros hidroperóxidos contribuyendo a la protección de las células de mamíferos contra el daño oxidativo. Los mecanismos del daño neuronal inducido por la convulsión que acompaña a la epilepsia y los desórdenes relacionados no están completamente entendidos, pero el desarrollo de modelos experimentales animales han sido de gran ayuda en la dilucidación de algunos de los eventos celulares responsables (Jiang et al, 2000). A nivel del cerebro humano la GSHPx es la enzima que da cuenta de la mayor parte de la actividad enzimática capaz de reducir H2O2. Debido a lo anterior este estudio tuvo como objetivo, determinar en un modelo experimental de epilepsia en gatos, la actividad enzimática de la glutatión peroxidasa en tres estructuras cerebrales, las cuales presentan un bajo umbral a la epilepsia, tales como la corteza cerebral, hipocampo y amígdala. Para la realización de este estudio se trabajó con tres grupos de gatos adultos separados en: 1. grupo control, 2. grupo experimental de 24 horas y 3. grupo experimental de 5 días, a los cuales se les implantó una cánula y un electrodo en hipocampo derecho, a su vez electrodos en corteza cerebral, hipocampo izquierdo y ambas amígdalas. En los grupos experimentales de 24 horas y 5 días, se inyectó AMPA (-amino-3-hidroxi-5-metil-4 –isoxazolpropionato) como agente epileptogénico, a través de la cánula implantada en hipocampo derecho, por otro lado en el grupo control se realizó el mismo procedimiento inyectando solución salina (NaCl 0,9 %). Además se realizaron registros de los cambios electroencefalográficos y conductuales en el grupo control y los grupos experimental de 24 horas y 5 días. 2 El grupo control y el grupo experimental de 24 horas fueron sacrificados a las 24 horas y el grupo experimental de 5 días, fue sacrificado a los 5 días post-inyección de AMPA. Bajo anestesia profunda se extrajeron muestras de tejido de corteza cerebral, hipocampo y amígdala. Las muestras posteriormente fueron homogeneizadas para determinar la actividad enzimática de la GSHPx. Los resultados mostraron una variación en la actividad enzimática de la GSHPx, donde se observa una disminución de la actividad a las 24 horas tanto en cortezas cerebrales y amígdalas (p<0,05), con una recuperación hacia los niveles basales a los 5 días. El Hipocampo izquierdo tuvo un comportamiento similar a las estructuras anteriormente mencionadas, pero sin diferencias significativas. El Hipocampo derecho fue la única estructura que mostró un comportamiento totalmente diferente, donde la actividad de la GSPHx tendió a aumentar en el tiempo, sin diferencias estadísticas. Los resultados en la actividad enzimática de la GSHPx concuerda con los resultados electroencefalográficos en los cuales se observan postdescargas y espigas epilépticas, posterior a la inyección de AMPA, las cuales mostraron una disminución del fenómeno epiléptico desde las 24 horas en adelante. Estos resultados, sugieren un compromiso de la enzima en las etapas iniciales de un fenómeno epiléptico focalizado y restringido, en las estructuras estudiadas, pero aún se necesitan más estudios en los que se pueda observar el comportamiento de esta enzima, en las etapas inmediatamente posteriores a la generación del foco epiléptico.
Trevisan, Rafael. "Defesas celulares e sistema antioxidante em bivalves marinhos (Mytilus Edulis e Perna Perna) expostos a metais". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94207.
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As espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), metabólitos secundários do metabolismo do oxigênio, são moléculas geradas e reguladas constantemente pela célula. O aumento na sua produção pode levar a inúmeros processos patológicos, e para evitar esses efeitos tóxicos das ERO a célula conta com um complexo sistema de defesas celulares, incluindo defesas antioxidantes. Esse sistema é bem estudado e caracterizado em eucariotos mais complexos, como os mamíferos, e em eucariotos mais simples, como as leveduras, mas ainda pouco se sabe sobre esse sistema e sua regulação em invertebrados marinhos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o sistema antioxidante de bivalves marinhos em situação de estresse oxidativo, e propor possíveis mecanismos de modulação e regulação redox nesses modelos animais. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos: no primeiro, mexilhões azuis Mytilus edulis foram pré-expostos ao selênio (4µg/L) por 3 dias, e subseqüentemente expostos por mais 3 dias a cobre (56 µg/L). Neste experimento, objetivamos detectar se os efeitos oxidativos do cobre podem ser atenuados pela pré-exposição ao selênio. Vários parâmetros antioxidantes e de dano celular foram avaliados. Nesta primeira etapa, observou-se que o cobre causa oxidação de tióis protéicos (PSH) e inibição da enzima tioredoxina redutase (TrxR) na brânquia e induz danos no DNA em hemócitos. O selênio aumenta a atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase dependente de selênio (GPx-Se) e os níveis de glutationa (GSH). Quando os animais são pré-expostos a selênio e expostos em seguida ao cobre, a pré-exposição ao selênio é capaz de neutralizar os efeitos deletérios desse metal, revertendo a oxidação dos PSH, evitando a indução de danos no DNA e revertendo parcialmente a inibição da TrxR. No segundo experimento, mexilhões Perna perna foram expostos por até 21 dias ao zinco (10 µM), um metal conhecido por afetar o metabolismo da glutationa. A exposição aguda (2 dias) ao zinco causou consumo de GSH e inibição da GR, porém estes valores retornam aos níveis basais após 7 e 21 dias de exposição. Os animais expostos por 7 e 21 dias ao zinco demonstram uma amplificação do sistema antioxidante, com aumento na atividade de diversas enzimas auxiliares (TrxR, GR) ou de detoxificação de ERO (catalase, glutationa peroxidase total, superóxido dismutase). Apesar disso, essa amplificação não impediu um aumento nos níveis de peróxidos citosólicos e nos índices de peroxidação lipídica evidenciados após a exposição por 7 ou 21 dias. O conjunto de dados desses dois experimentos demonstram a importância do sistema antioxidante para esses animais em situações de estresse oxidativo. O aumento dos níveis de GSH e da atividade da GPx-Se parecem ser uma importante via de proteção contra os danos oxidativos em mexilhões M. edulis, mediados pelo cobre. Já com relação ao zinco, o restabelecimento do metabolismo da glutationa, o qual é afetado pelo zinco, é fundamental para as células branquiais de mexilhões P. perna, o qual responde ao insulto oxidativo com uma forte resposta adaptativa de amplificação das defesas antioxidantes celulares.
Silva, Fabiana Veiga da. "Avaliação da influência do polimorfismo Pro198Leu da Glutationa Peroxidase sobre o estresse oxidativo em população exposta ao chumbo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-09012009-154840/.
Texto completoGlutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) plays an important role in scavenger reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study was carried out to assess the effects of GPx-1 gene polymorphism (Pro198Leu) on malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein ratio in 84 subjects environmentally exposed to lead. Genotypes for the GPx-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length digestion. Lead in plasma (Pb_P) and lead in total blood (Pb_B) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The allele frequencies for T (which express the proline aminoacid) and C (which express the leucine aminoacid) were 0.73 e 0.27, respectively. The volunteers were divided in two groups, according to the presence or absence of C allele. No significant differences were found in Pb_P and Pb_B, as well as for the other oxidative biomarkers between the groups. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the GPx-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism do not affect individuals environmentally exposed to lead greater susceptible to oxidative damage induced for this metal.
Shank, Alba Maria Montana. "Effects of Stress on Several Immune and Health Responses of Weanling Calves". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34898.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Borchert, Astrid. "Kodierungsvielfalt der Phospholipid-Hydroperoxid-Glutathion -Peroxidase Untersuchungen zur Expressionsregulation des Enzyms in tierischen Geweben /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96896530X.
Texto completoSantos, Danúbia Bonfanti dos. "Efeitos do probucol sobre a enzima glutationa peroxidase e sua relação com a neuroproteção". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100904.
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O probucol é um composto antilipidêmico que apresenta propriedades anti-inflamatória e antioxidante em diferentes modelos experimentais de neurotoxicidade/neuropatologia. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de explorar o possível efeito protetor deste fármaco sobre o modelo experimental da doença de Alzheimer (DA), além de tentar elucidar seu mecanismo de proteção através de experimentos in vitro e in vivo. A DA é uma condição neurodegenerativa, caracterizada por perda cognitiva e alterações no comportamento, e o mecanismo de neurodegeneração na DA parece estar relacionado com o processo de estresse oxidativo. Inicialmente, foi avaliado o possível efeito protetor do probucol contra a neurotoxicidade induzida pela administração intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) do peptídeo B-amilóide 1-40 (AB1-40) em camundongos através de parâmetros comportamentais, bioquímicos e imuno-istoquímicos. A administração do AB1-40 resultou em danos na memória e aprendizado dos animais, bem como diminuição nos níveis de sinaptofisina e aumento na atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) hipocampal. O tratamento com probucol (10 mg/kg/dia, durante 2 semanas) atenuou os efeitos deletérios causados pelo peptídeo AB1-40, como danos cognitivos e bioquímicos (aumento da peroxidação lipídica e da atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase; e perda sináptica) no hipocampo dos animais. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o probucol pode aumentar a atividade da enzima antioxidante glutationa peroxidase (GPx), envolvida na detoxificação de peróxidos intracelulares. Assim, com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos do probucol sobre a atividade e expressão desta enzima ensaios in vitro e in vivo foram realizados. O probucol (10 µM) foi capaz de aumentar significativamente a atividade da GPx em cultura de células de neuroblastoma humano (SH-SY5Y), embora não tenha aumentado a quantidade dessa proteína. Além disso, o tratamento com probucol (3 e 10 µM) protegeu as células SH-SY5Y da citotoxicidade e da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) induzida por hidroperóxido orgânico. Da mesma forma, camundongos tratados com probucol (10 mg/kg/dia, durante 5 semanas) mostraram um aumento na atividade da GPx no fígado, rim, coração e hipocampo, mas os níveis da enzima não foram alterados nesses tecidos. Por fim, os estudos enzimáticos com a GPx-1 purificada mostraram que o probucol (10 e 30 nM) foi capaz de modular positivamente a atividade dessa enzima, aumentando a velocidade máxima (Vmax) quando foi utilizado um gradiente de concentração de glutationa (GSH) ou de tert-butilhidroperóxido (tBuOOH); enquanto que valores de KM não foram modificados. Em conjunto, os dados aqui apresentados mostram, pela primeira vez, que o probucol é capaz de aumentar diretamente a Vmax da GPx-1. Considerando que (i) o probucol mostrou um papel protetor em um modelo experimental da DA, que (ii) o composto preveniu a morte celular induzida por peróxidos e aumentou a atividade da GPx-1 in vitro e in vivo, e que (iii) esta enzima apresenta um importante papel na patofisiologia de condições neurodegenerativas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo apresenta um novo alvo e mecanismo de ação para um "antigo fármaco", onde a modulação da atividade da GPx pode representar uma importante estratégia terapêutica.
Abstract : Probucol is a lipid-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which plays protective effects in experimental models of neurotoxicity/neuropathology. The present study was aimed to explore the possible protective effect of this drug on experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and attempt to elucidate its mechanism of protection through in vitro and in vivo experiments. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and behavioral changes, and the mechanisms of neurodegeneration of this disease appear to be related to the process of oxidative stress. Initially, we evaluated the possible protective effect of probucol against the neurotoxicity induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of ?-amyloid peptide 1-40 (AB1-40) in mice through behavioral, biochemical and immunohistochemical parameters. The administration of AB1-40 resulted in damage to the memory and learning of animals, as well as decreased levels of synaptophysin and increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus. Treatment with probucol (10 mg/kg/day, for 2 weeks) attenuated the deleterious effects caused by the peptide AB1-40, such as cognitive impairment and biochemical changes (increased acetylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation and synaptic loss in the hippocampus). Previous studies have shown that probucol may increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), involved in the detoxification of intracellular peroxides. Thus, in order to investigate the effects of this phenolic compound on the expression and activity of the GPx in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. Probucol (10 µM) significantly increased GPx activity in in vitro experiments with cultured human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) without increasing the amount of this protein. Furthermore, treatment with probucol (3 and 10 µM) protected against SH-SY5Y cells cytotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by organic hydroperoxide. Similarly, mice treated with probucol (10 mg/kg/day, for 5 weeks) showed an increase in the GPx activity in liver, kidney, heart and hippocampus, but the enzyme levels were not altered in these tissues. Finally, the enzymatic studies with purified GPx-1 showed that probucol (10 and 30 nM) was able to positively modulate the activity of this enzyme by increasing the maximum velocity (Vmax) when a concentration gradient of glutathione (GSH) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) was used, while KM values were not modified. Taken together, these data show for the first time that probucol is capable of directly increasing the Vmax of GPx-1, and this event is probably related to the increased GPx-1 activity in cell culture and in mice. Taking into account that (i) probucol showed a neuroprotective role in an experimental model of AD, (ii) the compound prevented cell death induced by peroxides and increased the activity of GPx-1 in vitro and in vivo, and (ii) this enzyme has an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.. In this scenario, this study represents a new target and mechanism of action for an "old drug", where the modulation of its activity may represent an important therapeutic strategy.
Hille, Jan M. "Die Trinukleotid-Expansion des Gens für zelluläre Glutathion-Peroxidase bei Patienten mit sporadischer amyotropher Lateralsklerose". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969465327.
Texto completoWortmann, Markus [Verfasser] y Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Pohl. "Glutathion Peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) : ein Modulator der Tumorangiogenese und Endothelintegrität / Markus Wortmann. Betreuer: Ulrich Pohl". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079477101/34.
Texto completoHille, Jan Matthias. "Die Trinukleotid-Expansion des Gens für zelluläre Glutathion-Peroxidase bei Patienten mit sporadischer amyotropher Lateralsklerose". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14952.
Texto completoIn spite of intensive research efforts the ethiology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) remains unknown. Various indices indeed suggest an involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sALS. Thus a decreased activity of the cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX-1) in gyrus praecentrales of sALS patients could be detected, an enzym strongly participating in the clearence of free radicals. Additional studies uncovered a trinucleotid expansion of a GCG repeat in the 1st exon of the gene coding for GPX-1. Such trinucleotid expansions play a major role in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders like the Kennedy Syndrom and spinal-cerebellary ataxia. Goal of this work was to disclose a possible involvement of the GCG expansion in the pathogenesis of sALS. Through the successful establishment of the methodology consisting of a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) we could demonstrate a significant decrease of the genotype 4*5 in a group of 231 sALS patients, whereas the genotype 5*6 was overrepresented in the control group. Compared to hitherto publications we detected an increased occurrence of the 4*4 genotype in the control group. Besides an effective increased risk to contract sALS, the distribution of the GCG-repeat expansion could originate from another C/T polymorphism of GPX-1-gene leading to a substitution of proline with leucine. The leucine coding mutation occurs together with 5 GCG repeats, whereas the proline coding mutant correlates with 4 and 6 GCG-repeats.
Melo, Yugo Lima. "Peroxidase de glutationa mitocondrial de arroz à crucial para o crescimento por favorecer a fotossÃntese". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12121.
Texto completoO papel fisiolÃgico das peroxidases de glutationa (GPX) da mitocÃndria em plantas à muito pouco conhecido. Suas relaÃÃes com a fotossÃntese sÃo desconhecidas, ainda mais na presenÃa de estresse salino. Essa enzima possui grande importÃncia na remoÃÃo de H2O2 e hidroperÃxidos orgÃnicos, contribuindo na proteÃÃo oxidativa e na homeostase redox. Neste estudo, mutantes de arroz silenciados nos genes OsGPX1 ou OsGPX3, das proteÃnas mitocondriais, foram utilizados para entender os mecanismos fisiolÃgicos do papel dessa enzima no crescimento e fotossÃntese. Adicionalmente, estes processos foram estudados tambÃm em condiÃÃes de estresse salino para as plantas silenciadas em OsGPX1. Os resultados mostram, pela primeira vez, que a deficiÃncia de uma GPX mitocondrial à capaz de restringir o crescimento vegetal por deficiÃncia na fotossÃntese. Este efeito deve ser causado indiretamente por mudanÃas nas redes genÃticas e metabÃlicas desencadeadas por alteraÃÃes nos nÃveis de H2O2 (aumentado) e/ou glutationa reduzida (diminuÃda). à provÃvel que o estado redox alterado em mitocÃndrias pelo efeito da GPX possa aumentar a fotossÃntese atravÃs da comunicaÃÃo entre esta organela e cloroplastos por mecanismos ainda nÃo estabelecidos. AlÃm disso, o gene OsGPX1 mostrou ter papel significativo no controle do movimento estomÃtico, que à crucial para a eficiÃncia do uso da Ãgua sob condiÃÃo de estresse salino. As GPX mitocondriais tambÃm parecem estar envolvidas com a dissipaÃÃo do excesso de energia luminosa na forma de calor (NPQ) no aparato do fotossistema II e na rota da fotorrespiraÃÃo. Em conclusÃo, o gene OsGPX1, associado com seu produto proteico e mudanÃas desencadeadas nas redes metabÃlicas e gÃnicas, sÃo essenciais para o crescimento de arroz pelo aumento da fotossÃntese, especialmente a nÃvel de eficiÃncia de uso da luz envolvendo atividade do fotossistema II e eficiÃncia quÃntica do CO2 em condiÃÃes normais de crescimento. Adicionalmente, a GPX1 aparenta mostrar uma importÃncia menor para a resistÃncia ao estresse salino.
The physiological role of glutathione peroxidases (GPX) in plant mitochondria is little known. Their relations with the photosynthesis are unknown, even more in presence of salt stress. This enzyme have great importance in H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides scavenging, contributing in oxidative protection and redox homeostasis. In this study, silenced rice mutants in OsGPX1 and OsGPX3 genes, coding for the mitochondrial proteins, were used to better understand the physiological mechanisms of the role of this protein in growth and photosynthesis. Additionally, these processes were also studied in salt stress conditions with the plants silenced in OsGPX1. The results show, for the first time, that the lacking of a mitochondrial GPX is capable of restricting plant growth by impairment in photosynthesis. This response might be an indirect consequence of changes in gene and metabolic networks trigged by alterations in H2O2 (raised) and/or reduced glutathione (diminished). It is likely that the altered redox state in mitochondria by GPX effects can improve photosynthesis through cross-talk between this organelle and chloroplasts by yet unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, the OsGPX1 gene showed significant role in stomatal control, which is crucial to the water use efficiency under salt stress conditions. The mitochondrial GPX also seems to be involved with dissipation of excess light energy as heat (NPQ) in photosystem II apparatus and in photorespiratory pathway. In conclusion, the OsGPX1 gene, associated with it protein product and changes in gene and metabolic networks, are essential to rice growth by improvement of photosynthesis, especially at light use efficiency level involving photosystem II activity and CO2 quantum efficiency in normal and growth conditions. Additionally, GPX1 seems to be less important to salt stress tolerance.
Melo, Yugo Lima. "Peroxidase de glutationa mitocondrial de arroz é crucial para o crescimento por favorecer a fotossíntese". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15024.
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The physiological role of glutathione peroxidases (GPX) in plant mitochondria is little known. Their relations with the photosynthesis are unknown, even more in presence of salt stress. This enzyme have great importance in H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides scavenging, contributing in oxidative protection and redox homeostasis. In this study, silenced rice mutants in OsGPX1 and OsGPX3 genes, coding for the mitochondrial proteins, were used to better understand the physiological mechanisms of the role of this protein in growth and photosynthesis. Additionally, these processes were also studied in salt stress conditions with the plants silenced in OsGPX1. The results show, for the first time, that the lacking of a mitochondrial GPX is capable of restricting plant growth by impairment in photosynthesis. This response might be an indirect consequence of changes in gene and metabolic networks trigged by alterations in H2O2 (raised) and/or reduced glutathione (diminished). It is likely that the altered redox state in mitochondria by GPX effects can improve photosynthesis through cross-talk between this organelle and chloroplasts by yet unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, the OsGPX1 gene showed significant role in stomatal control, which is crucial to the water use efficiency under salt stress conditions. The mitochondrial GPX also seems to be involved with dissipation of excess light energy as heat (NPQ) in photosystem II apparatus and in photorespiratory pathway. In conclusion, the OsGPX1 gene, associated with it protein product and changes in gene and metabolic networks, are essential to rice growth by improvement of photosynthesis, especially at light use efficiency level involving photosystem II activity and CO2 quantum efficiency in normal and growth conditions. Additionally, GPX1 seems to be less important to salt stress tolerance.
O papel fisiológico das peroxidases de glutationa (GPX) da mitocôndria em plantas é muito pouco conhecido. Suas relações com a fotossíntese são desconhecidas, ainda mais na presença de estresse salino. Essa enzima possui grande importância na remoção de H2O2 e hidroperóxidos orgânicos, contribuindo na proteção oxidativa e na homeostase redox. Neste estudo, mutantes de arroz silenciados nos genes OsGPX1 ou OsGPX3, das proteínas mitocondriais, foram utilizados para entender os mecanismos fisiológicos do papel dessa enzima no crescimento e fotossíntese. Adicionalmente, estes processos foram estudados também em condições de estresse salino para as plantas silenciadas em OsGPX1. Os resultados mostram, pela primeira vez, que a deficiência de uma GPX mitocondrial é capaz de restringir o crescimento vegetal por deficiência na fotossíntese. Este efeito deve ser causado indiretamente por mudanças nas redes genéticas e metabólicas desencadeadas por alterações nos níveis de H2O2 (aumentado) e/ou glutationa reduzida (diminuída). É provável que o estado redox alterado em mitocôndrias pelo efeito da GPX possa aumentar a fotossíntese através da comunicação entre esta organela e cloroplastos por mecanismos ainda não estabelecidos. Além disso, o gene OsGPX1 mostrou ter papel significativo no controle do movimento estomático, que é crucial para a eficiência do uso da água sob condição de estresse salino. As GPX mitocondriais também parecem estar envolvidas com a dissipação do excesso de energia luminosa na forma de calor (NPQ) no aparato do fotossistema II e na rota da fotorrespiração. Em conclusão, o gene OsGPX1, associado com seu produto proteico e mudanças desencadeadas nas redes metabólicas e gênicas, são essenciais para o crescimento de arroz pelo aumento da fotossíntese, especialmente a nível de eficiência de uso da luz envolvendo atividade do fotossistema II e eficiência quântica do CO2 em condições normais de crescimento. Adicionalmente, a GPX1 aparenta mostrar uma importância menor para a resistência ao estresse salino.
Santos, Larissa Bezerra. "Polimorfismo Pro198Leu no gene que codifica para a glutationa peroxidase 1 e sua relação com o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio de uma população adulta residente no município de Fortaleza, Ceará". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-10092014-114419/.
Texto completoSelenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral for humans which exerts its function in the body in selenoproteins, among which we highlight the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), important in the antioxidant defense system. There are seven known GPx isoforms and the GPx 1 (cytosolic) is the most abundant. As the activity of this enzyme is strongly correlated with selenium blood concentration this parameter is usually used as an indicator of the mineral metabolic balance. Selenium concentration in food depends on the location where they were grown and directly reflects the soil mineral content. Food in the North and Northeast are richer in selenium when compared to other Brazilian regions. Inadequate consumption of Se causes a decrease in GPx activity, what affects the antioxidant protection. Furthermore, studies have shown that the Pro198Leu polymorphism at GPx1 gene of can also decrease the activity of GPx. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and nutritional selenium status in an adult population living in Fortaleza/Ceará/Brazil. The study population consisted of 176 individuals (79 men and 97 women) with a mean age of 30.4 ± 8.9 years. The body composition was assessed by anthropometry and the food intake assessment was done using three 24-hour records. The selenium Se concentration was measured in plasma and erythrocyte and GPx activity was measured in erythrocytes. The Pro198Leu polymorphism at GPx 1 gene was determined by Real Time PCR. We found concentrations of 62.6 µg/L for Se plasma and 101.5 µg/L for erythrocyte. There was no correlation observed between these two markers. The average selenium intake was 76.88 µg/day and it showed positively related to the energy and protein consumption. Separating by gender, men selenium plasma concentration and selenium consumption were significantly higher than for women (p < 0.05). The GPx activity was 38.6 U/g Hb. The Pro198Leu polymorphism at GPx 1 gene frequency were 96 (54.5%) subjects with Pro/Pro, 67 (38.1%) subjects Pro/Leu and 13 (7.4%) individuals Leu/Leu. The rate found was in Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium. There were no statistically significant differences in selenium concentrations between groups according to the genotype. However, for GPx activity we found difference between the group Pro/Pro and Pro/Leu (p< 0.05). We also found positive correlation between Se erythrocyte concentration and GPx activity in Pro/Pro group (p<0.05). Thus, we conclude that the selenium nutritional status of the population studied was adequate and that Pro198Leu polymorphism showed influence on the activity of GPx, which was lower in individuals with the variant allele in their genotype.
Soares, Margarete de Sá. "Avaliação nutricional relativa ao selênio de indivíduos adultos da cidade de Manaus-Amazonas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-04072018-163514/.
Texto completoSelenium (Se) is an essential mineral for the human body, with function on the immune system, thyroid glands and other ones. It is an important nutrient in protecting cells against the effects of free radicals because it is part of glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPX). Selenium intake depends on the mineral concentration in aliments which varies based on the mineral content in soils. Thus, this study had as main objective to evaluate the nutritional status related to selenium on adults in Manaus-AM because it is considered as a region of high selenium soil content region. Casuistic: This study was transversal type based in a non-probabilistic convenience sample. The population consisted of 124 volunteers (both genders) aged from 20 to 59 years. Inclusion criteria: To not be an elite athlete or alcoholic, do not have chronic non-communicable diseases and do not use vitamin-mineral supplements and/or anti-inflammatory pills. People who did not submit the requested forms and questionnaires (registration form and/or alimentation) and/or did not attend for blood collection were not included. Blood collection was fasting from 8 to 12 hours for determining selenium in plasma and erythrocytes and the activity of GPX in erythrocytes. Food intake and anthropometric measures were also evaluated. Anthropometric results showed that 60,0% were overweight, macronutrient distribution was within the recommended by DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Average selenium intake was above recommended (72±48,0 µg/day), mean plasmatic selenium concentration was 111,4 ± 37,0 µg/L, for erythrocytes selenium was 211 ± 62,4 µg/L and activity of GPX average was 73 ± 21,9 U/g Hb. No correlation between concentration of Se in plasma and erythrocyte, however, there was positive correlation between GPX activity and Se concentration in erythrocytes (r=0,393). Finally, we conclude that most of the people that were evaluated, citizens of Manaus city, were considered as deficient, although they consumed adequate quantities of this mineral. However, none of them showed biochemical deficiency parameters, most within normality, but with a percentage of them showing toxicity risk.
Sudati, Jessie Haigert. "Toxicologia e farmacologia in vitro de novos compostos orgânicos de selênio e telúrio com atividade tipo tiol peroxidase". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11104.
Texto completoGlutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) is a well-known selenoenzyme that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and some organic hydroperoxides by glutathione (GSH) and protects lipid membranes and other cellular components against oxidative stress, which is related to many diseases and this enzyme is regarded as one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in living organisms. Because the natural GPx has some shortcomings (e.g. instability and poor availability), scientists have paid more attention to its artificial imitation. Synthetic organoselenium and organotellurium compounds have emerged as excellent candidates to act as GPx mimics. Thus, in this study, several aminoacids derivatives containing selenium or tellurium were tested in order to evaluate their in vitro (i) GPx mimic properties (or GPx like activity) according to the model reaction (H202 + 2PhSH → PhSSPh + 2H20); (ii) catalytic properties, (iii) reactivity with low molecular weight thiols (reduced glutathione, captopril and dithiothreitol) and (iv) their effect against lipid peroxidation have been performed. All compounds tested in this study showed ability to imitate de antioxidant enzyme GPx, but this property showed a dependence on the aminoacid residue and steric effect. Compounds C, D and 7g derivatives were found as the best catalysts in reducing peroxides, in comparison with other compounds tested. These results suggest that aminoacids derivatives compounds containing selenium or tellurium used in this work can be considered promising GPx mimetics.
A Glutationa Peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) é uma selenoenzima que catalisa a redução do peróxido de hidrogênio e hidroperóxidos orgânicos na presença de glutationa (GSH). Sua ação catalítica evita, desta forma, a oxidação dos lipídios constituintes da membrana, bem como de outros componentes celulares. Sabe-se que a produção excessiva de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) está relacionada ao surgimento de muitas doenças, e a enzima GPx é considerada uma das mais importantes enzimas antioxidantes presentes nos organismos vivos, sendo necessária para auxiliar na proteção contra estas patologias. No entanto, a enzima GPx possui algumas desvantagens tais como, instabilidade e pouca viabilidade no que diz respeito a uma possível administração oral ou endovenosa, por isso, surgiu o interesse na síntese de compostos que possam mimetizar o mecanismo de ação dessa enzima. Dados da literatura têm demonstrado que os compostos orgânicos sintéticos de selênio (Se) e telúrio (Te) são excelentes miméticos da enzima GPx. Assim, neste estudo, uma série de compostos orgânicos derivados de aminoácidos contendo Se e Te na estrutura foram testados com a finalidade de avaliação in vitro da (i) atividade mimética da GPx (ou tipo GPx, isto é, GPx like activity ) de acordo com a reação H2O2 + 2PhSH PhSSPh + 2H2O; (ii) propriedades catalíticas destes compostos, (iii) reatividade e possível oxidação dos compostos tiólicos de baixo peso molecular (glutationa reduzida, captopril e ditiotreitol) e o (iv) efeito contra a peroxidação lipídica. Todos os compostos utilizados neste trabalho demonstraram atividade mimética à GPx; porém, essa propriedade apresentou uma dependência em relação ao resíduo de aminoácido presente na estrutura do composto, bem como influência estérica. Os disselenetos C, D e os derivados do telureto 7g foram os mais eficazes na redução de peróxidos quando comparados aos demais compostos utilizados neste estudo. Portanto, estes resultados sugerem que os compostos orgânicos derivados de aminoácidos contendo Se ou Te podem ser considerados miméticos importantes da GPx.
BARROS, Lawrence de Oliveira. "Efeito da adição dos antioxidantes glutationa peroxidase e cisteína ao diluidor de congelação do sêmen equino". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5727.
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The cryopreservation of equine semen represents an important applied reproductive biotechnology of this species. When exposed to low temperatures, spermatozoa suffer structural modifications, occurring oxidative stress when there is imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (- ROS) and the amount of antioxidants present in seminal plasma. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the addition of different concentrations of the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and cysteine in equine frozen semen medium. Five Quarter Horse stallions, with proven fertility were used. Semen samples were collected with artificial vagina and diluted in Botu Crio added with antixodants: G1= Control (without antioxidants); G2= 0.5 mM of N-Acetil-Cysteine; G3= 1 mM of N-Acetil-Cysteine; G4 = 1 U of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and G5= U of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Semen samples were packed straws (0.5 mL; 150 x 106 concentration of spermatozoa/straw), frozen in automated method and stored in liquid Nitrogen (– 196 °C). Semen samples were thawed (37 °C per 30 seconds) and submitted to sperm analyses (kinematic, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and potential of mitocondrial membrane), immediately after thawing (T0) and after 60 minutes (T60). Semen samples supplemented with GPx 5 U and cysteine 0.5 mM did not show difference (P>0.05) on the percentage of sperms with high percentage of potential of mitocondrial membrane, as well as with intact acrosome and plasma membrane between T0 and T60 times. Frozen samples with cisteine 1 mM showed high (P<0.05) of gametes with intact acrosome than those of GPx 1 and 5 U and cisteine 0.5mM. Spermatozoa with higher percentage of potential of mitocondrial membrane was founded in T60 (P<0.05) in stallion 5 than stallions 1 and 2. The sperm kinematic evidenced a high values of VCL and VAP (P<0.05) in control samples, in T0 than T60. In general, the stallion 4 presented high values (P<0.05) of kinematic parameters than other stallions. It can be concluded that addition of cysteine (1mM) in equine frozen semen medium preserved better the acrosome integrity and that the individual response of each stallion influence significantly the results of the sperm analysis.
A criopreservação de sêmen equino representa uma importante biotécnica aplicada ao manejo reprodutivo desta espécie. Quando exposto a baixas temperaturas, os espermatozoides sofrem modificações estruturais, ocorrendo estresse oxidativo quando há desequilíbrio entre a produção de ROS e a quantidade de substâncias antioxidantes presentes no plasma seminal. Objetivando-se analisar o efeito da adição de diferentes concentrações de glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e cisteína ao diluidor de congelação do sêmen de eqüinos, foram utilizados cinco garanhões da raça Quarto-de-Milha, com fertilidade comprovada. Amostras de sêmen foram colhidas com vagina artificial e diluídas em Botu Crio, acrescido de antioxidantes: G1= Controle (Sem antioxidantes); G2= 0,5 mM de N-Acetil-Cisteina; G3= 1 mM de N-Acetil-Cisteina; G4 = 1 U de Glutationa Peroxidase (GPx) e G5= 5 U de Glutationa Peroxidase (GPx). A seguir, as amostras de sêmen foram envasadas em palheta (0,5 mL; na concentração de 150 x 106 espermatozóides/palheta), congeladas utilizando o método automatizado e armazenadas em botijão criogênico à – 196°C. As amostras foram descongeladas (37 °C por 30 segundos) e submetidas às análises espermáticas (cinética, integridade de membrana plasmática, integridade de acrossoma e potencial de membrana mitocondrial), imediatamente após a descongelação (T0) e após 60 minutos (T60). Amostras de sêmen suplementadas com GPx 5 U e cisteína 0,5 mM não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05) na porcentagem de espermatozóides com alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial, assim como com acrossomas e membrana plasmática íntegras, entre os tempos T0 e T60. Amostras congeladas com cisteína 1 mM apresentaram maior (P<0,05) porcentual de gametas com acrossomas íntegros do que os de GPx 1 e 5 U e cisteína 0,5 mM. Espermatozoides com alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial foram encontrados no T60 em maior (P<0,05) porcentual no garanhão 5 em relação aos garanhões 1 e 2. A cinética espermática evidenciou maiores (P<0,05) valores de VCL e VAP nas amostras controle, no T0 do que no T60. De maneira geral, o cavalo 4 apresentou maiores (P<0,05) valores cinéticos que os demais animais. Conclui-se que a adição de cisteína 1mM preservou melhor a integridade de acrossoma espermático, e que a resposta individual de cada garanhão influencia significativamente os resultados dos parâmetros analisados.
Júnior, Airton da Cunha Martins. "Avaliação dos polimorfismos do Ácido Delta-aminolevulínico desidratase (ALAD) e Glutationa peroxidase (GPx) sobre estresse oxidativo em trabalhadores ocupacionalmente expostos ao chumbo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-30102014-114216/.
Texto completoLead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal which signs of intoxication vary greatly when considering the interindividual differences. One of the main mechanism of toxicity of Pb is due to inhibition of the enzyme acid delta aminolevulinic dehydratase (ALAD) in the hematopoietic system. Pb also plays an important role in the redox state of unbalance, since it is known that it has the potential of increasing the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, few studies have evaluated these parameters in Brazilian population occupationally exposed. Thus, the present study aims to study the correlation between the concentrations of Pb in the blood (B-Pb) of workers of battery factories and the activities of ALAD and GPx enzymes associated with genetic polymorphisms in ALAD and GPx. Then, blood samples of 278 workers exposed to Pb were collected. Pb was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer ELAN DRCII). The genotyping of genetic polymorphisms of ALAD and GPx was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and activity of ALAD and GPx enzymes in the blood was determined by spectrophotometry UV / VIS. The mean concentration of B-Pb was 22.81 ± 14.73 mg / dL. Negative correlation was found between B-Pb and ALAD activity (rs -0.24 p < 0.01) and B-Pb and GPx activity (rs -0.27 p < 0.05). There was also a negative correlation between the percentage of inhibition of ALAD and GPx activity (rs -0.21 p < 0.01). Considering the genetic polymorphisms, no association between ALAD genotypes (? -0.19 P < 0.05) and GPx (CT genotype: ? -1.37 P > 0.05, TT genotype : ? -8.37 P > 0.05 ) and the concentration of B-Pb. No association between rs1800668 polymorphism and GPx activity (CT genotype: ? -0.016 P > 0.05, TT genotype : ? -0.004 P > 0.05). However an association was found between ALAD 1-1 rs1800435 genotype and ALAD enzyme activity (? 3.5 P < 0.05). Accordingly, the results of this study show that the ALAD 1-1 genotype of rs1800435 polymorphism in ALAD gene is associated with increased activity of ALAD enzyme in individuals exposed to Pb. Furthermore the rs1800668 polymorphism located in a gene encoding the enzyme GPx does not modulate the activity of this enzyme in individuals exposed to the metal. Both polymorphisms of ALAD and GPx genes seem to have no influence in the concentrations of B-Pb in the population studied.
Grünler, Nadine [Verfasser] y Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann. "Untersuchungen zur Rolle der Glutathion-Peroxidase 4 als möglicher Redox-Sensor in Säugetierzellen / Nadine Grünler. Betreuer: Ulrich Hoffmann". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072376504/34.
Texto completoAlmondes, Kaluce Gonçalves de Sousa. "Influência dos polimorfismos Pro198Leu, -602A/G e Arg5Pro na atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase e no estado nutricional de indivíduos adultos com relação ao selênio". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-26082015-164222/.
Texto completoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status relative to Se of adult individuals relating it to polymorphisms in the GPx enzyme gene and its influence on the enzyme and the redox balance. We selected 343 students of the Federal University of Piauí between 20 and 50 years, of both genders, selected according to inclusion criteria, such as the absence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) among others. Venous blood was collected for analysis of Se, genotyping of SNP of GPx1 (Pro198Leu, -602A / G and Arg5Pro), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px and SOD) erythrocyte, malondialdehyde (MDA) and absorption capacity of plasma oxygen radicals (ORAC). The analysis of Se was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry through hydride generation, genotyping by real time PCR in Step One Plus, enzymes in automatic biochemical analyzer by the use of commercial kits, MDA analysis was conducted in high-performance liquid chromatography and ORAC in a microplate reader. Statistical analysis was obtained using the software R version 3.0.2. Comparison tests were performed with two and more than three averages between the genetic variables and the evaluation parameters from Se and redox balance. Linear regression analysis and generalized linear were carried out to identify the influence of genetic variables, anthropometric, lipid profile and lifestyle on the sanguine Se and the variables of the redox balance. Data were considered significant for p less than 5%. The average age of participants was 24.4±5.0 years and 57.7% were female. Among the participants, 95.7% were allele carriers Leu of SNP Pro198Leu and G of -602A/G, and they did not have minimal amounts of Se plasma to optimize the activity of GPx. The GPx activity was significantly lower and that of ORAC was higher in subjects with the Leu/Leu genotype compared to Pro/Pro of SNP Pro198Leu. Individuals with the Arg/Pro genotype had GPx activity significantly higher than those with genotype Arg/Arg of SNP Arg5Pro. There was no significant difference between the means of MDA and SOD of the genotypes of the three SNP. The genetic variables, anthropometric measurements, lipid profile and lifestyle showed influence on markers of redox balance by changing the antioxidant profile of the participants. Individuals are deficient in Se, and those with the Leu allele of SNP Pro198Leu present in their bodies highest concentration of ORAC, probably to protect against free radicals. The variant allele of the SNP Arg5Pro proved to be beneficial to the nutritional status of the Se.
Trevisan, Rafael. "Mecanismos de defesas celulares relacionados a defesas antioxidantes e de biotransformação em mexilhões perna perna e ostras crassostrea gigas expostas a agentes oxidantes e eletrofílicos". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129525.
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Com o aumento nos níveis de contaminação ambiental em nível global, organismos aquáticos estão sujeitos à ação tóxica de diversos xenobióticos, necessitando de eficientes sistemas de defesas para garantir sua sobrevivência. Neste trabalho, os bivalves Crassostreagigas (ostra do Pacífico) e Perna perna (mexilhão marrom) foram utilizados como organismos modelo para o estudo dos sistemas de defesas antioxidantes e de biotransfomação. Em um primeiro trabalho,as vias de biotransformação de fase II e do ácido mercaptúrico foram estudadas em ostras C. gigas expostas ao agente eletrofílico 1-cloro-2,4-dinitrobenzeno (CDNB). Os dados apontam que a brânquia possui um robusto sistema de biotransformação, atuando como importante ponto de entrada para o CDNB e conjugando-o rapidamente com glutationa. A hemolinfa atuou como um transportador de metabólitos pelo organismo, permitindo que outros tecidos auxiliassem no processo de biotransformação e excreção, enquanto que a glândula digestiva atuou como um tecido auxiliar na metabolização. O derivado final da via do ácido mercaptúrico foi detectado como principal metabólito na água domar, comprovando sua excreção. Um segundo trabalho investigou o papel das enzimas antioxidantes glutationa redutase e tiorredoxina redutase em C. gigas e P. perna expostos a agentes oxidantes(hidroperóxido de cumeno e menadiona). Através de uma exposição aguda destes organismos a ZnCl2 ou CDNB, foi possível diminuir significativamente a atividade dessas enzimas, e consequentemente, afetando os sistemas de degradação de peróxidos dependentes das enzimas glutationa peroxidase e peroxirredoxina. Foi observada uma menor capacidade de degradação de peróxidos in vivo e maior mortalidade induzida por exposição ao peróxido de cumeno ou amenadiona. Estes resultados reforçam a ideia de uma maior susceptibilidade de organismos com um sistema antioxidante menos eficiente. O último estudo investigou a toxicidade de um contaminante emergente, nanopartículas de óxido de zinco (ZnONP), sobre ostras C.gigas. Neste trabalho foi observado que as ZnONP se agregam quando em água do mar, passando da escala nanométrica para micrométrica. Além disso, foi detectada uma alta taxa de liberação de zinco iônico na água do mar. A exposição de ostras a ZnONP por até 48 h causou acúmulo de zinco inicialmente na brânquia (24 e 48 h), seguido da glândula digestiva (48 h). Análises de microscopia eletrônica sugerem a presença de vesículas endocíticas contendo ZnONP em ambos os tecidos. Análises de marcadores antioxidantes e de estresse oxidativo apontam para um moderado efeito oxidativo das ZnONP no citosol, principalmente na brânquia após 48 h, causando peroxidação lipídica, oxidação de proteínas e inibição da glutationa redutase. Porém, tanto as análises ultraestruturais quanto as bioquímicas apontam para fortes distúrbios mitocondriais, com alterações estruturais e oxidação de proteínas na brânquia e glândula digestiva. De modo geral, os estudos apontam que em bivalves: (i) ataques eletrofílicos podem ocorrer de maneira indiscriminada pelo organismo na ausência de um sistema de biotransformação íntegro na brânquia, (ii) danos oxidativos podem ser acumulados na ausência de um eficiente sistema antioxidante, afetando a sobrevivência do organismo e (iii) a mitocôndria de bivalves é susceptível a eventos oxidativos induzidos por ZnONP.
Abstract: With the increasing level of global environmental contamination, aquatic species are subjected to the effects of different xenobiotics, relying on efficient cellular defenses systems to provide their survival. In this study, bivalves Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) and Pernaperna (brown mussel) were used as model organisms to study the antioxidant and biotransformation systems. In a first study, the phase II biotransformation and mercapturic acid pathways were investigated inoysters C. gigas exposed to the electrophilic agent 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Data suggest that gill hold a robust biotransformation system, acting as an important site for CDNB uptake and quickly conjugating it with glutathione. The hemolymph allowed the transport of metabolites across the organism, allowing other tissues to aid on biotransformation and excretion processes. The digestive gland participated as a metabolizing ancillary tissue. The final product, mercapturic acid, was found as main metabolite in water, confirming its excretion by the organism. A second study investigated the role of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase inC. gigas and P. perna exposed to oxidative agents (cumene hydroperoxide and menadione). Using an acute exposure to ZnCl2 orCDNB, enzymatic activity was considerably decreased, thus affecting the peroxide detoxification system of glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin. These inhibitions jeopardized in vivo peroxide detoxification ability, inducing higher mortality on a further exposure to cumene hydroperoxide or menadione. These data reinforce the idea of a higher susceptibility in organisms with a less effective antioxidant system. The last study partially characterized the toxicity of an emerging contaminant, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP), to C. gigas. It was observed that ZnONP aggregate in seawater, changing from a nanometric to micrometric scale. Besides, it was detected a strong release of ionic zinc to seawater. Oysters exposure to ZnONP for up to 48 h caused zinc accumulation initially in gill (24 and 48 h), followed by digestive gland (48 h). Electron microscopy analysis suggests the presence of endocytic vesicles containing ZnONP in both tissues. Analysis of antioxidant and oxidative stress markers points to a moderate oxidant effect of ZnONP in the cytosol, especially in gills after 48 h, causing lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and glutathione reductase inhibition. Nevertheless, both ultrastructural and biochemical analyses highlight a mitochondrial disturbance pattern, with structural alterations and protein oxidation in gill and digestive gland. In general, these studies allowed the conclusion that in bivalves, (i) electrophilic attacks can occur indiscriminately in the absence of a robust phase IIbiotransformation pathway in the gill, (ii) that oxidative damage can be accumulated in the absence of an effective antioxidant system, affecting animal survival, and (iii) bivalve mitochondria can be very susceptible to ZnONP.
Ren, Bin. "Crystallographic studies on redox enzymes containing the thioredoxin fold /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3302-2/.
Texto completoMitozo, Péricles Arruda. "Comparação entre sistemas de degradação de peróxidos em fatias de hipocampo de ratos, glioma de ratos (C6) e neuroblastoma de camundongos (N2a)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94508.
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Estudo comparativo das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes catalase, glutationa peroxidase e peroxirredoxina em fatias de hipocampo de ratos, células de glioma de ratos (C6) e células de neuroblastoma de camundongos (N2a) expostas aos peróxidos de hidrogênio (H2O2) e cumeno (CuOOH).
Donadio, Janaina Lombello Santos. "Polimorfismos nos genes da enzima glutationa peroxidase e biomarcadores do estado nutricional relativo ao selênio em população adulta de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-09022012-154027/.
Texto completoIn the majority of non-communicable chronic diseases (NTCD), considered today a serious public health problem, the oxidative stress contributes much to its complications. The main antioxidant system in mammals is the glutathione peroxidase. Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes genes and risk for such diseases. However, as there are very few data in the literature on the distribution of different polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes with the brazilian population, this study proposes to correlate polymorphisms of glutathione peroxidase with biomarkers of selenium nutritional status in a healthy population. The study was conducted with 124 individuais of both genders, aged between 20 to 50 years, without Iiver disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The participants answered a questionnaire of personal information; the food consumption was assessed by three feeding records; the markers of selenium nutritional status were: concentration of erythrocytes, plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity; the polymorphisms have been identified by Real Time PCR. The averages of selenium intake were of 41.1 ug/d, for plasma selenium concentrations 54.13 ug/L, for erythrocyte selenium concentrations 56.14 ug/L and for erythrocites GPx activity 40.15 U/gHb. There was a positive moderately correlation between plasma selenium and erythrocyte selenium (r = 0.604 ). Separating the variables between genders, the average ofthe activity ofthe GPx was higher for women (F = 43.5 U/g Hb and M = 34.84 U/g Hb, p<0.05 ). Separating the averages of biochemical markers between different genotypes, there was only a significant difference in erythrocyte selenium and GPx activity in Arg5Pro (GPxl gene), and for plasma and erythrocyte selenium in Pro126Leu (GPx2 gene). For the other SNPs, statistical differences were only observed when means were separated by the gender, and the correlations were influenced by both genotypes and by gender.
Costa, Nara Aline [UNESP]. "Associação entre a concentração de selênio, o polimorfismo Pro198Leu da glutationa peroxidase 1 e a mortalidade em pacientes com choque séptico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113875.
Texto completoO estresse oxidativo, é reconhecido como característica fundamental no choque séptico. Além disso, em pacientes com resposta inflamatória sistêmica, a concentração de selênio no plasma diminui independentemente do seu estado nutricional. No entanto, o papel fisiopatológico da concentração de selênio em pacientes com choque séptico permanece desconhecido. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação da concentração de selênio no plasma e eritrócito com a atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx1), o polimorfismo Pro198Leu da GPx1 e a mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e hospitalar em pacientes com choque séptico. Trata-se de um estudo clínico observacional e prospectivo realizado em três unidades de terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário. Foram avaliados 110 pacientes consecutivos, maiores de 18 anos (57,6 ± 15,9 anos; 63,6% homens), com choque séptico na admissão ou durante sua internação na UTI, entre Janeiro a Agosto de 2012. No momento da coleta dos pacientes, foram registrados os dados demográficos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nas primeiras 72 horas após a admissão do paciente ou dentro de 72 horas do diagnóstico de choque séptico para determinação do estado nutricional de selênio, concentração de grupos carbonila, atividade da GPx1 e a genotipagem do polimorfismo Pro198Leu. Em relação ao estado nutricional de selênio, somente a concentração de selênio no eritrócito foi menor nos pacientes que evoluíram ao óbito durante a internação na UTI e hospitalar. A frequência dos genótipos para o polimorfismo Pro198Leu foram 55%, 38% e 7% para os alelos Pro/Pro, Pro/Leu e Leu/Leu, respectivamente. A atividade da GPx1 foi diferente entre os grupos e maior no genótipo Leu/Leu. No modelo de regressão de Cox, a concentração de selênio no eritrócito foi associada com a mortalidade na UTI (HR:0,965; 95%CI:0,943-0,988; p: 0,002) e hospitalar ...
The oxidative stress is recognized as a key feature of septic shock. In addition, in patients with systemic inflammatory response, plasma selenium concentration falls independently of selenium status. However, the pathophysiologic role of selenium concentration in patients with septic shock remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of erythrocyte and plasma selenium concentration with glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity, GPx1 polymorphisms and with intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality in septic shock patients. This is an prospective, observational clinical study held in three intensive care units in a university hospital. A total of 110 consecutive patients older than 18 y (57,6 ± 15,9 y; 63,6% males) with septic shock on admission or septic shock during their ICU stay who were admitted to the ICU between January and August 2012 were evaluated. At the time of the patients’ enrollment, demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were taken within the first 72 h of the patient’s admission or within 72 h of the septic shock diagnosis for determination of selenium status, protein carbonyl concentration, GPx1 activity and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism genotyping. Regarding selenium status, only erythrocyte selenium concentration was lower in septic patients who died in ICU and hospital. The genotype frequencies for GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism were 55%, 38% and 7% for Pro/Pro, Pro/Leu and Leu/Leu, respectively. GPx1 activity was different between groups and was higher in the Leu/Leu genotype. In the Cox regression models, erythrocyte selenium concentration was associated with ICU (HR:0.965; 95%CI:0.943-0.988; p: 0.002) and hospital mortality (HR: 0.968; 95%CI: 0.948-0.989; p: 0.003) in patients with septic shock even after adjustment for age, gender and APACHE II. Erythrocyte selenium concentration was a predictor of ICU and hospital mortality in patients with septic ...
Costa, Nara Aline. "Associação entre a concentração de selênio, o polimorfismo Pro198Leu da glutationa peroxidase 1 e a mortalidade em pacientes com choque séptico /". Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113875.
Texto completoCoorientador: Ana Lúcia Gut
Banca: Marcelo Macedo Rogero
Banca: Paula Schmidt Azevedo Gaiolla
Resumo: O estresse oxidativo, é reconhecido como característica fundamental no choque séptico. Além disso, em pacientes com resposta inflamatória sistêmica, a concentração de selênio no plasma diminui independentemente do seu estado nutricional. No entanto, o papel fisiopatológico da concentração de selênio em pacientes com choque séptico permanece desconhecido. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação da concentração de selênio no plasma e eritrócito com a atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx1), o polimorfismo Pro198Leu da GPx1 e a mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e hospitalar em pacientes com choque séptico. Trata-se de um estudo clínico observacional e prospectivo realizado em três unidades de terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário. Foram avaliados 110 pacientes consecutivos, maiores de 18 anos (57,6 ± 15,9 anos; 63,6% homens), com choque séptico na admissão ou durante sua internação na UTI, entre Janeiro a Agosto de 2012. No momento da coleta dos pacientes, foram registrados os dados demográficos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nas primeiras 72 horas após a admissão do paciente ou dentro de 72 horas do diagnóstico de choque séptico para determinação do estado nutricional de selênio, concentração de grupos carbonila, atividade da GPx1 e a genotipagem do polimorfismo Pro198Leu. Em relação ao estado nutricional de selênio, somente a concentração de selênio no eritrócito foi menor nos pacientes que evoluíram ao óbito durante a internação na UTI e hospitalar. A frequência dos genótipos para o polimorfismo Pro198Leu foram 55%, 38% e 7% para os alelos Pro/Pro, Pro/Leu e Leu/Leu, respectivamente. A atividade da GPx1 foi diferente entre os grupos e maior no genótipo Leu/Leu. No modelo de regressão de Cox, a concentração de selênio no eritrócito foi associada com a mortalidade na UTI (HR:0,965; 95%CI:0,943-0,988; p: 0,002) e hospitalar ...
Abstract: The oxidative stress is recognized as a key feature of septic shock. In addition, in patients with systemic inflammatory response, plasma selenium concentration falls independently of selenium status. However, the pathophysiologic role of selenium concentration in patients with septic shock remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of erythrocyte and plasma selenium concentration with glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity, GPx1 polymorphisms and with intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality in septic shock patients. This is an prospective, observational clinical study held in three intensive care units in a university hospital. A total of 110 consecutive patients older than 18 y (57,6 ± 15,9 y; 63,6% males) with septic shock on admission or septic shock during their ICU stay who were admitted to the ICU between January and August 2012 were evaluated. At the time of the patients' enrollment, demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were taken within the first 72 h of the patient's admission or within 72 h of the septic shock diagnosis for determination of selenium status, protein carbonyl concentration, GPx1 activity and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism genotyping. Regarding selenium status, only erythrocyte selenium concentration was lower in septic patients who died in ICU and hospital. The genotype frequencies for GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism were 55%, 38% and 7% for Pro/Pro, Pro/Leu and Leu/Leu, respectively. GPx1 activity was different between groups and was higher in the Leu/Leu genotype. In the Cox regression models, erythrocyte selenium concentration was associated with ICU (HR:0.965; 95%CI:0.943-0.988; p: 0.002) and hospital mortality (HR: 0.968; 95%CI: 0.948-0.989; p: 0.003) in patients with septic shock even after adjustment for age, gender and APACHE II. Erythrocyte selenium concentration was a predictor of ICU and hospital mortality in patients with septic ...
Mestre
Paiva, Fernanda Alves de. "Avaliação de fontes de selênio para ovinos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-29112006-101006/.
Texto completoThis research was carried out at FZEA/USP to compare the utilization of organic selenium (Se) sources to sodium selenite in lambs diet, through analyses of tissues Se concentrations, liver glutathione peroxidase activity, metabolic balance of Se and bioavailability assay. Forty Suffolk lambs were used and submitted to three sources and three levels of supplementary Se for 84 days. Treatments were: treatment 1: no supplement; treatments 2, 3 and 4: 0.2, 0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg of supplementary sodium selenite-selenium; treatments 5, 6 and 7: 0.2, 0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg of supplementary selenoyeast-selenium; treatments 8, 9 and 10: 0.2, 0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg of supplementary selenomethionine-selenium. Blood samples were taken to Se serum dosage and in the end of the experiment the animals were killed and samples of liver, muscle and kidney were taken to Se concentrations dosage and glutathione peroxidase activity (liver). In the last five days of the experiment, a Se metabolic balance was realized. Bioavailability was calculated by Slope Ration Assay, using liver, muscle and kidney Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity as parameters. Se sources did not affect Se intake, apparent absorption and retention, glutathione peroxidase activity and Se concentrations in liver, kidney and serum; however, selenium concentrations in muscle of animals supplied with organic sources were higher than in other animals (P<0.0001). Se bioavailability in muscle was higher when organic Se sources were used. Using organic Se sources provides higher accumulation of Se in lambs muscle which would provide higher Se intake to consumers of sheep meat.
Wiencierz, Anne Maria. "Entwicklung eines Dual-Luciferase-Reportergen-Assays zum Nachweis der Induktion antioxidativer Enzyme durch Nahrungsbestandteile". Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2790/.
Texto completoThe induction of antioxidative enzymes might be an opportunity to elevate the cellular antioxidative capacity and, thus, to prevent oxidative stress associated diseases (e. g. cardio-vascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, atherosclerosis). Based on this idea the dual luciferase reporter gene (DLR) assay was developed to demonstrate the induction of three antioxidative enzymes: catalase (CAT), cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1). In the course of the development three mammalian cell lines (CaCo2, IEC-18, V79) were tested for their ability to serve as a model cell line. The line V79 was chosen due to the transfection efficiency. To give consideration to a high-throughput several parameters were studied (e. g. format of the cultural plates, amount of DNA, kinetics of the luciferases) and the DLR assay was successfully established in 96 well plates. Subsequently, L-carnitine, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium ascorbate, paraquat, quercetin, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and trolox were tested in non-cytotoxic concentrations for the activation of the rat CAT, human GPX1 and human SOD1 promoter. The maximally tolerable concentrations were determined by resazurin test in advance. Three out of these ten compounds were identified as potent inducers of GPX1 and SOD1. Stimulation of reporter gene construct transient transfected V79 cells for 24 hours with 100 µM paraquat caused a duplication of the relative GPX1 promoter activity and a 1.6-/1.7-fold increase of the relative SOD1 promoter activity. The incubation with 20 µM gen-istein or 10 µM quercetin resulted in duplication to triplication of both, the relative GPX1 and SOD1 promoter activity. In contrast, the rat CAT promoter was activated by 50 µM H2O2 (1.5-fold). Consequently, genistein, quercetin, and H2O2 are considered to be suitable reference substances for this DLR assay. To further characterize the inducing potential of the tested compounds all of them should be tested in different concentrations. Furthermore, for the routinely performed DLR assay it is recommended to use stably transfected cells to eliminate transfection caused variations.
Canata, Diego Mena. "Perfil redox da classificação clínica de polipose nasal". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143816.
Texto completoIntroduction: Nasal polyposis (NP) is considered a chronic inflammatory condition of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of etiology is not very clear. There are few data on epithelial changes in nasal polyposis and its relation to the action of free radicals. Many diseases are linked to damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNSs) and occur from an imbalance between them and antioxidants, whichever is greater activity of reactive species, what we call oxidative stress. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate oxidative stress in polyps surgically removed in 3 groups of patients with nasal polyposis, in order to elucidate possible differences in redox profile in these groups. Methods: Fifty nine patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis were divided into three groups: a control group, an asthma group (NP with asthma) and a Widal group (NP with asthma and aspirin intolerance) in which patients had an association of NP, asthma and aspirin intolerance. Measurement and main results: In this work enzymatic defenses (superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxide consumption, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) and non-enzymatic defenses (total glutathione, measurement of nitrites and nitrates, vitamin C and E) were analyzed. Also the measurement of damage in lipids (malondialdehyde) and proteins (carbonyl) was conducted. In the asthma group, hydrogen peroxide consumption, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, and vitamin E levels were significantly lower than in the control group. The Widal group showed significant higher glutathione levels, nitrite and nitrate levels than found in the control group. No differences were found among the groups regarding carbonyl level, polyp size, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase activities. Conclusions: The redox classification of the groups of NP was partly achieved. Polyps of patients with asthma have changes in enzymatic defense pathways related to hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation while polyps of patients with Widal triad present changes in nitric oxide and glutathione.
Freitas, Andressa Sausen de. "Avaliação do Disseleneto de Difenila e análogos como substratos da tioredoxina redutase". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4428.
Texto completoDesde que o ebselen, um composto orgânico de selênio, foi utilizado com relativo sucesso no tratamento de condições neuropatológicas associadas ao estresse oxidativo, há um empenho para o entendimento preciso de seu mecanismo de ação e de outros compostos orgânicos de selênio. Embora o mecanismo de ação destes compostos tenha sido relacionado com suas capacidades de mimetizar a enzima glutationa peroxidase (GPx), estudos têm demonstrado que o ebselen serve como substrato para a tioredoxina redutase (TrxR) de mamíferos, o que pode ser outro componente de sua ação farmacológica, uma vez que o sistema da TrxR tem um importante papel na defesa celular protegendo as células de processos oxidativos, por meio da redução de hidroperóxidos. Contudo, há uma escassez de informações sobre a capacidade de outros compostos orgânicos de selênio atuarem como substrato para a TrxR de mamíferos. Assim, no presente estudo testamos a hipótese de que o ebselen, o disseleneto de difenila e seus análogos (disseleneto de 4,4-bistrifluormetildifenila, disseleneto de 4,4-bismetoxidifenila, disseleneto de 4,4-biscarboxidifenila, disseleneto de 4,4-bisclorodifenila e disseleneto de 2,4,6-hexametildifenila) também poderiam servir como substratos para a TrxR hepática e cerebral de ratos. O disseleneto de difenila, disseleneto de bismetoxidifenila e disseleneto de bisclorodifenila (em concentrações de 10, 15 e 20μM) estimularam a oxidação do NADPH na presença de TrxR hepática e cerebral. No entanto, ebselen e disseleneto de bistrifluormetildifenila que demonstraram ser substrato para a TrxR hepática, não serviram como substrato para a TrxR cerebral, o que pode ser explicado pelas diferenças de expressão das isoformas de TrxR, bem como pela existência de variantes de splices alternativos em diferentes tecidos e células. Os resultados aqui apresentados também sugerem que o disseleneto de difenila apresenta propriedades hepato e neuroprotetoras por fazer uso das duas vias, aqui estudadas, para degradação de peróxidos, ou seja, por servir como substrato para a TrxR e por atuar como mimético da glutationa peroxidase. No entanto, as propriedades neuroprotetoras do ebselen podem ser devido à atividade mimética à glutationa peroxidase, uma vez que este composto não provou ser um bom substrato para a TrxR cerebral. Também o disseleneto de bismetoxidifenila não demonstrou atividade mimética à GPx, porém foi um bom substrato para a TrxR, logo nossos estudos indicam uma dissociação entre as duas vias para degradação de peróxido de hidrogênio, ou seja, disselenetos que são bons substratos para a TrxR não são necessariamente miméticos à GPx e vice-versa.
Souza, Fernando Nogueira de. "Avaliação do estresse oxidativo sob a resposta imune de bovinos infectados pelo vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-18082010-180041/.
Texto completoAbundant observations of multiple pathogenic interactions between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the pathogenesis of some retroviruses have drawn attention to role of ROS on disease progression and/or persistence of infection. Therefore, the role of the oxidative stress resulted from the modulation of the antioxidant system in dairy cows naturally infected with BLV has not been studied yet. So, the present study tries to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress in dairy cows naturally infected with BLV associated or not with the persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Thus, the oxidative stress was evaluated by the malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione content, and by the activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and also total antioxidant activity. The immune response was also evaluated by the quantification of lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte proliferation, polymorfonuclear leukocytes phagocytosis and intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, and cell death. The results of the present work point out to an involvement of oxidative stress in dairy cows naturally infected with BLV, given by a lower glutathione peroxidase activity and also a tendency towards lower superoxide dismutase activity, but it can be not associated with PL. Futhermore, the oxidative stress markers and also the total antioxidant status was not altered in infected animals. The present study also showed a lower lymphocyte proliferarion and apoptosis rates of CD5+ cells, strengthen by a higher B cells (CD21+) counts and also by a significant augment of CD5+ and CD11b+ positive cells that are often co-expressed by the infected cells. Although, no significant difference was observed in T cells counts. Moreover, the phagocytosis rates and the intracellular hydrogen peroxide production by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes are not altered in BLV infected dairy cows.
Pinto, Milena Barcza Stockler. "Efeitos da suplementação com castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) como fonte de selênio para pacientes em hemodiálise". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-24012017-115520/.
Texto completoHemodialysis (HD) patients may undergo oxidative damage which causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Uremic toxins, HD treatment and the decrease in antioxidant system are known to result in the ROS generation. Selenium (Se) has a role as an antioxidant and studies report Se deficiency in these patients. Considering the importance of the antioxidant activity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HD, the aim of this work was evaluate the effect of Brazilian nuts (main food source) supplementation on levels of Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in HD patients. A total of 81 HD patients (52.0 ± 15.2 years old, average time on dialysis was 82.3 ± 91.4 months and BMI of 24.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2) from RenalCor and RenalVida Clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. The patients received one nut (≈ 5g), average of 290 µg Se, each day during three months. The Se concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation (HITACHI®, Z-500). The levels of GSH-Px were measured by using RANDOX® commercial kits. The Se levels in plasma (18.8 ± 17.4 µg/L) and erythrocyte (72.4 ± 37.9 µg/L) before supplementation were below the normal range (60-120 µg/L for plasma and 90-190 µg/L for erythrocyte) and after nut supplementation, the plasma levels increased to 104.0 ± 65.0 µg/L and erythrocytes to 244.1 ± 119.5 µg/L (p<0.0001). The activity of GSH-Px also increased after supplementation from 46.6 ± 14.9 U/ gHb to 55.9 ± 23.6 U/gHb (p<0.0001). Before supplementation, 11% of patients had activity of GSH-Px below the normal range (27.5 - 73.6 U/gHb) and, after supplementation, all patients showed activity of GSH-Px within the normal range. The data revealed that the investigated patients had erythrocyte and plasma Se levels below the normal values and the consumption of just one Brazil nut each day (5g) was effective to increase on Se concentration and GSH-Px activity of the patients in HD, thus contributing to improve the antioxidant condition of these patients.
Prestes, Alessandro de Souza. "Avaliação do potencial antioxidante de beta-selenoaminas". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11210.
Texto completoThe antioxidant properties of selenium organic compounds have been largely investigated in the last decades, especially because the oxidative stress is directly related to various chronic-degenerative deseases. However, a few studies verify the action of nucleophlilic or electrophilic radicals on the protective activity of selenium compounds. In this work, it was evaluated the influence of different substituent radicals on the antioxidant activities of β-selenoamines. The capacity of β-selenoaminas in mimicry the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and/or be substrate to the hepatic thioredoxinereductase (TrxR) enzyme were also investigated in experimental modelsin vitro.In DPPH assay, the β-selenoamines tested did not show antioxidant activity when compared to acorbic acid (AA). However, similar to compound (PhSe)2, the β-selenoamines with p-methoxy and tosylradicals were effective in preventing the lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2SO4. The compounds with other radicals did not exhibit the same activity. The β-selenoamine with the substituent group p-methoxy also showed mimetic activity to GPx and was reduced by hepatic TrxR. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed among these parameters to β-selenoamines, which was not found in the results obtained with (PhSe)2. The data of this work show the influence of different substituent radicals on activity of organic selenium compounds and point the use of β-selenoaminas as pharmacological promissor compounds in in vivo experimental models.
As propriedades antioxidantes de compostos orgânicos de selênio têm sido amplamente investigadas nas últimas décadas, especialmente pelo fato do estresse oxidativo estar diretamente relacionado a uma grande variedade de doenças crônico-degenerativas. Contudo, poucos estudos têm verificado a ação exercida por radicais nucleofílicos ou eletrofílicos na atividade protetora de compostos de selênio. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência de diferentes radicais substituintes sobre a atividade antioxidante de β-selenoaminas. A capacidade das β-selenoaminas em mimetizar a atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e/ou serem substratos para a enzima tiorredoxina redutase hepática (TrxR) também foram investigadas em modelos experimentais in vitro. No ensaio de DPPH , as β-selenoaminas testadas não apresentaram atividade antioxidante quando comparadas ao ácido ascórbico (AA). Contudo, assim como o composto disseleneto de difenila (PhSe)2, as β-selenoaminas com grupos p-metóxi e tosil na estrutura foram efetivas em prevenir a peroxidação lipídica induzida por Fe2SO4. Os compostos com outros radicais não apresentaram a mesma atividade. A β-selenoamina com o grupo substituinte p-metóxi também apresentou atividade mimética à GPx e foi reduzida pela TrxR hepática. Além disso, uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre estes parâmetros para as β-selenoaminas; o que não foi observado quando considerados os resultados obtidos com o composto (PhSe)2. Os dados do presente trabalho mostram a influência de diferentes radicais substituintes na atividade de compostos orgânicos de selênio, bem como, aponta o uso de β-selenoaminas como compostos promissores farmacologicamente em modelos experimentais in vivo.
Cominetti, Cristiane. "Efeitos da suplementação com castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) sobre o estresse oxidativo em mulheres obesas e sua relação com o polimorfismo Pro198Leu no gene da glutationa peroxidase 1". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-31052010-140506/.
Texto completoObese subjects present high oxidative stress levels when compared to those with normal weight. This characteristic can be attributed to several factors, mainly the low intake of antioxidant compounds. Another aspect to be taken into account is the presence of polimorphisms in genes of antioxidant enzymes, such as the Pro198Leu in the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) gene. The objectives of this work were to study the relations among obesity, oxidative stress markers, and the GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, and to verify the responses of these parameters to the intake of Brazil nuts as a selenium (Se) source. Thirty seven women in reproductive age have participated in the study. They did not present diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, intake of vitamins and minerals supplements, medicines for weight loss or for cholesterol levels management, and smoking habit. The following biochemical markers were determined: plasma, erythrocyte and nails Se concentrations; total erythrocyte GPx activity, urine 8-isoprostanes concentration; plasma TBARS concentration; DNA damage; serum lipid profile; and genotyping of the polymorphism. Each unit of Brazil nut was estimated to provide ≈ 290 µg of Se. In the pre-supplementation phase, 100% of the subjects presented Se deficiency. The erythrocyte (60.5±22.6 x 205.9±42.0 µg/L; p=0.000) and plasma (55.7±13.3 x 132.5±34.9 µg/L; p=0.000) concentrations of this mineral had presented a significant raise in the post-supplementation phase. The same profile was observed for the GPx activity (36.6±17.1 x 53.6±20.4 U/gHb; p=0.000) and for the plasma TBARS (5.0±3.7 x 7.6±3.3 µmol/L; p=0.000) concentrations. There were no significant changes in the urinary 8-isoprostanes (25.1±14.2 x 21.8±15.6 ng/mmol creat.) concentration. The same pattern was observed in relation to the DNA damage levels (77.3±21.6 x 72.2±28.1 µm). Regarding the serum lipid profile, it was not found significant changes in the total cholesterol (171.0±28.8 x 175.5±26.6 mg/dL) concentrations, LDL-c (114.0±29.6 x 109.3±22.8 mg/dL), VLDL-c (19.6±9.4 x 21.7±8.3 mg/dL) and triglycerides (110.3±87.9 x 108.6±41.5 mg/dL). However, there was a significant increase in the HDL-c (37.6±13.6 x 44.5±13.4 mg/dL; p<0.00001) concentrations after the Brazil nuts intake. This increase also had promoted a significant reduction in the Castelli I (5.0±1.8 x 4.2±1.1; p<0.0002) and II (3.4±1.7 x 2.7±1.0; p<0.0004) indexes, which are predictors of cardiovascular risk. The genotype frequency was 48.7% for Pro/Pro, 37.8% for Pro/Leu, and 13.5% for Leu/Leu. Se levels and GPx activity were not significantly different between the genotypes, in both pre and post-supplementation phases. However, there was a positive correlation between Se erythrocyte concentrations and GPx activity in both phases only in the Pro/Pro group. The results from the comet assay were significantly different between the genotypes and showed that subjects who were Pro/Pro presented a reduction in the levels of DNA damage after the Brazil nuts intake, which did not happen in those Pro/Leu and Leu/Leu grouped. Moreover, the Leu/Leu group showed higher damage levels when compared to that Pro/Pro. The changes in the plasma TBARS levels and in the serum lipid profile were unrelated to the genotypes. The urinary 8-isoprostanes concentrations also did not present any change regarding the genotypes. The data suggest a beneficial effect of the Brazil nut intake as a source of Se and possibly of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acid. The influence of the GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism on the blood Se concentration and GPx activity could be demonstrated. It could be concluded that there is an interaction between that polymorphism and the Se status, as well as the antioxidant levels.
Vieira, Suzana Maria de Souza. "Estudo da associação entre polimorfismo em genes relacionados ao metabolismo da glutationa e a suscetibilidade a complicações microvasculares no diabete melito tipo 1". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-22062009-194802/.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION: glycemic control, diabetes duration, systemic hypertension and dyslipidemia have been implicated as main risk factors for the development of diabetic microangiopathy, however there is evidence suggesting that genetic predisposition plays a role in the susceptibility to microvascular complications. Based on underlying pathogenesis, polymorphisms of several genes belonging to multiple pathways have been investigated, like the genes related to mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced damage. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic complication has been increasingly demonstrated and genes coding enzymes involved in antioxidant defense are candidates to confer susceptibility or protection against these complications. Glutathione is one the most important endogen antioxidants, however, the association between polymorphisms in genes related to glutathione metabolism and diabetic complications has not been deeply investigated. OBJECTIVES: to study the association between polymorphisms in three genes which code enzymes related to glutathione metabolism and the development of nephropathy and retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients: the polymorphism -129 C/T of GCLC, the number of trinucleotide GCG repeats at exon 1 of GPX1 and the polymorphism -65 T/C of GPX3. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: 299 type 1 diabetic patients (139 male and 160 female) with at least 15 years from diagnosis and poor glycemic control were studied. The patients were divided in two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic complications: with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN), advanced DN, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 5 and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). RESULTS: The allelic distribution of the three studied polymorphisms was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The presence of at least one T allele of GCLC 129 C/T was an independent risk factor for advanced DN (OR = 2.82 ; CI 95% = 1.13 -7.05; p = 0.026), for DN (OR = 3.64; CI 95% = 1.27 10.36; p = 0.016) and for CKD stages 3 to 5 (OR = 5.74; CI 95% = 2.17 15.1; p < 0.001) and the presence of at least one C allele of GPX3 -65 T/C was an independent risk factor for advanced DN (OR = 2.62; IC 95% = 1.19 -5.72, p = 0.022) in the studied population. There were no associations between GCG trinucleotide repeats of GPX1 and diabetic complications. The haplotype CC_TT, composed by GCLC and GPX3 wild type alleles, was negatively related to advanced DN (OR = 0.32, CI 95% = 0.15 0.66; p = 0.002) and CKD (OR = 0.25; CI 95% = 0.11 0.55; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: the presence of at least one T allele of -129C/T polymorphism of GCLC and one C allele of -65 T/C polymorphism of GPX3, both associated to a lower transcriptional activity of its genes, conferred risk for renal complications in the studied population.
Nishimura, Luciana Sigueta. "Polimorfismo PRO198LEU no gene para a enzima antioxidante dependente de selênio glutationa peroxidase 1 e risco de câncer epidermóide da cavidade oral e orofaringe". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-31012011-102550/.
Texto completoSelenium is an essential micronutrient that presents antioxidant activity through selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). PRO198LEU polymorphism in this gene has been associated with increased risk for some cancer types such as breast and lung cancers. Currently head and neck cancer is a major public health problem in the world and in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between GPX1 PRO198LEU polymorphism and risk of oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. GPX1 PRO198LEU polymorphism genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP method (Polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism) and DNA sequencing in 175 patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (case group) from the Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Genome Project, and in 203 cancer-free individuals, hospitalized in the wards of Heliopolis Hospital (control group). The frequency of reference and polymorphic allele was 0.72 and 0.28, respectively, in both groups. The genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in case and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) on the distribution of genotype for the GPX1 PRO198LEU polymorphism between cases (50% PRO/PRO, 43% PRO/LEU and 7% LEU/ LEU) and controls (51% PRO/PRO, 43% PRO/LEU and 6% LEU/LEU) and there was no association between this polymorphism and risk for oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (odds ratio = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1,53; p = 0.51; polymorphic homozygotes and heterozygotes combined compared with reference homozygotes). Furthermore, the use of tobacco or alcohol intake did not change the lack of association between the GPX1 PRO198LEU polymorphism and cancer risk (use of tobacco greater than 20 pack years: odds ratio = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1,70, p = 0.49; alcohol intake greater than 80g etanol/day: Odds ratio = 0.80, CI = 0.46 to 1.39, p = 0.26). We conclude that this polymorphism does not increase the risk of oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer.
Cappelli, Ana Paula Gameiro 1984. "Modulação da secreção de insulina por estresse oxidativo induzido em ilhotas pancreáticas de animais submetidos à desnutrição protéica". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314195.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A desnutrição protéica promove redução da secreção de insulina devida inúmeras alterações moleculares nas células B pancreáticas. Recentemente foi demonstrado que o estado redox pode modular a secreção de insulina em condições fisiológicas. No entanto, a correlação entre as alterações no estado redox e na secreção de insulina em ratos submetidos à desnutrição protéica não é conhecida. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o impacto do estresse oxidativo na secreção de insulina em ilhotas de ratos desnutridos. Ratos machos Wistar foram tratados com dieta normoprotéica (NP-17%) ou hipoprotéica (LP-6%) por 60 dias. Após isolamento das ilhotas, foi medida atividade e o conteúdo protéico das enzimas antioxidantes SOD, GPx e a CAT. Para a secreção estática de insulina, as ilhotas foram pré-incubadas em 5.6 mM de glicose (GLI) com ou sem H2O2, na ausência ou presença de n-acetil cisteína (NAC) e posteriormente incubadas em diferentes concentrações de GLI. Observamos aumento da atividade da SOD (21.18±2.1-30.5.±2 µmoles/min/mg proteína NP-LP respectivamente), redução na CAT (9±1.2-5.22±0.73 µmoles/min/mg proteína NP-LP respectivamente) e nenhuma alteração na GPx em ilhotas de ratos desnutrido comparada com ilhotas de ratos controle. Apesar de observarmos tendência de aumento no conteúdo protéico das enzimas antioxidantes em LP, não houve diferença significativa de nenhuma das enzimas. A secreção de insulina de ratos LP que ficaram expostas a 33mM de glicose na incubação, retornou a níveis basais (GLI 2.8 mM) quando préincubado com 100 µM de H2O2, enquanto para as ilhotas de ratos controle foi necessário a adição de 300 ?M de H2O2 na pré-incubação para retornar aos níveis basais. Na presença de 10 mM de NAC + 150 µM de H2O2, durante a pré-incubação, e posterior incubação em 33 mM de glicose, observou-se redução significante da secreção de NP e aumento em LP. Estes resultados sugerem que as ilhotas pancreáticas de ratos desnutridos pré tratadas com H2O2 e posteriormente expostas a altas concentrações de glicose, são mais sensíveis ao H2O2 possivelmente devido à capacidade reduzida de detoxificação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROS).
Abstract: Protein malnutrition induces pacreatic B-cells molecular alterations, reducing insulin secretion. It has been recently demonstrated that redox status may control insulin secretion under physiological conditions. However, protein malnutrition effects in redox modulation of insulin secretion is unknown. Thus, our aim was to evaluate oxidative stress impact upon insulin secretion in isolated islets from protein undernourished rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with normoproteic diet (NP-17%) or with a low protein diet (LP-6%) for sixty days. After islets isolation, it was measured antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT activities and protein content. For insulin secretion measurement, islets were pre-incubated with glucose 5.6 (GLI) mM with or without H2O2 at the presence and absence of N-acetyl-cisteyne (NAC) and after that islets were incubated with diferent GLI concentration. SOD and CAT activities were significant increased (21.18±2.1-30.5.±2 µmoles/min/mg protein for NP-LP respectively) and decreased (9±1.2-5.22±0.73 µmoles/min/mg protein for NP-LP respectively) respectively, whereas GPX did not show any alteration. Despite a tendency of increase in the LP protein content of antioxidant enzymes, no significant differences were observed. When incubated with glucose 33mM, LP insulin secretion returned to baseline values (GLI 2.8 mM) when it was pre-incubated with H2O2 100 µM, whereas NP islets returned to baseline levels when pre-incubated with H2O2 300 ?M. When islets were pre-incubated with NAC 10 mM + H2O2 150 µM and further incubated with glucose 33 mM, insulin secretion was reduced in NP, whereas in LP it was increased. Taken together, these datasuggest that pancreatic islets from undernourished rats when pre-treated with H2O2 and thereafter challenged with high glucose concentrations are more sensitive to H2O2, probably due to their lower capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Coutinho, Fabio Gonçalves. "Avaliação do dano oxidativo e atividade do sistema antioxidante enzimático no sangue do cordão umbilical e saliva de recém-nascidos pré-termo com fatores de risco para sepse neonatal precoce". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-06042018-131250/.
Texto completoObjectives: To determine the concentration of the Lipid Peroxidation Marker: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Antioxidant Markers: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAT); in umbilical cord blood and non-stimulated saliva in the first 24 and 48 hours of life in Pre-Term Newborns (PTN) with and without maternal risk factors for early neonatal sepsis. Casuistic / Methodology: Twenty - one PTN born at the Maternity Hospital and from the Neonatal Service of the Municipal Hospital of Barueri, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Preterm infants were classified into two groups: Group 1 - Preterm infants of mothers with maternal risk factors for neonatal sepsis and Group 2 - Preterm infants of mothers without maternal risk factors for sepsis. Blood samples from umbilical cord and non-stimulated saliva were collected in the first 24 and 48 hours of life for dosage of MDA, SOD, CAT, GPX. Results: In the sample, there was a prevalence of female, preterm infants suitable for gestational age. Regarding the need for oxygen (61.9%) they used. The diagnosis of presumed sepsis was made in 9.5%. There was only statistical difference in the GPX variable in group 1. Conclusion: The data from this study point to an increase in GPX concentration in the umbilical vein blood of the PTNB group of mothers with maternal risk factors for early neonatal sepsis. No statistical significance in the comparison of saliva and umbilical cord blood. There was no statistically significant difference in the MDA, SOD, and CAT variables between the two groups in both saliva of 24 and 48 hours of life and in umbilical cord blood. The measurement of GPX umbilical cord blood may be a possible diagnostic tool to more quickly identify the suspicion of early neonatal sepsis of the PTN from a mother with maternal risk factor for early neonatal sepsis without producing greater stress to the patient
Conrad, Marcus. "Etablierung von Mausstämmen defizient für die Selenoproteine mitochondriale Thioredoxin-Reduktase und Phospholipid-Hydroperoxid-Glutathion-Peroxidase (PHGPx) und Charakterisierung einer Spermienkern-spezifischen Form der PHGPx". Diss., lmu, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-1357.
Texto completoDe, Oliveira Bouvière Jessica. "Rôle de la sélénoprotéine P et de la glutathion peroxydase 3 dans le phénotype des macrophages et la régénération musculaire". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1167/document.
Texto completoMacrophages can go through transitions between pro and anti-inflammatory states, one process called polarization skewing. Molecules secreted by macrophages are able to induce different metabolic profiles. Transcriptomic analyses of human pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages identified new molecules with a secretory peptide. Selenoproteins were one of the most expressed in anti-inflammatory macrophages. Thus, we evaluate the respective roles of selenoproteins on macrophage polarization parameters in inflammation and their implication in regenerative processes. Once established that cytokines largely spur macrophage transitions we used IFN-gamma and IL10 to explore these different inflammatory profiles in vitro. Bone marrow derived macrophages from WT and selenoproteins KO models were polarized with both cytokines to obtain a pro and anti-inflammatory phenotype, respectively. Our results showed that without selenoproteins, macrophages had impairment of their capacity to switch from one activation state to another as compared with the control, emphasizing the importance of these molecules to control macrophage transitional states. The cardiotoxin injury model was use to in vivo examine the macrophages capability to switch their phenotype during skeletal muscle regeneration. Three days after an injury pro is replaced by anti-inflammatory population, as has already been shown by flow cytometry analysis. However, macrophages from selenoproteins KO presented three-fold increase of pro-inflammatory macrophages while anti-inflammatory population decreased, indicating that they did not acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In addition, we evaluate the macrophage function in absence of selenoproteins. After polarization with cytokines, experiments demonstrated that WT anti-inflammatory macrophages promoted myoblast fusion, whereas selenoproteins KO were not able to sustain their fusion. In conclusion, selenoproteins modulate macrophage polarization implicating their ability to acquire different phenotypes in vitro and in vivo as well as their effects on myoblast fusion
Saudrais, Élodie. "Mécanismes de neuroprotection liés au glutathion dans la barrière sang - liquide céphalorachidien choroïdienne au cours du développement périnatal". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1026/document.
Texto completoMore than 50 % of intellectual or sensory-motor deficits in children are due to perinatal exposure to oxidative stress or toxicants. Understanding brain protection mechanisms during development is crucial to design therapeutic strategies to address these disabilitating disorders. The choroid plexuses, forming an interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have a high detoxifying capacity, suggesting their involvement in neuroprotection. The nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway can modulate the expression of several genes encoding for antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. We studied the ability of several choroidal enzyme families to protect the brain fluid environment during the postnatal period in rat and explored whether this protection can be enhanced by Nrf2 pathway. We focused on glutathione transferases (Gsts), which conjugate toxic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), which detoxify reactive oxygen species. Gst and Gpx specific activities were high during the postnatal period in choroid plexuses compared to the cerebral cortex, and their neuroprotective functions were efficient. The Nrf2 factor is expressed in choroid plexuses during the perinatal period. Treatment of rat pups with Nrf2 activator dimethylfumarate induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased Gst activities in choroid plexus tissues. The dimethylfumarate treatment resulted in a large decrease of the blood-to-CSF permeability of a prototypical Gst substrate. These data substantiate the early neuroprotective functions of choroid plexuses, which can be enhanced upon treatment with clinically used pharmacological compounds
Pinto, Sheila Serra Vieira. "Estudo complementar da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase eritrocitária do marsupial brasileiro Didelphis marsupialis". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-15042009-145222/.
Texto completoIt is known that erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase specific activity of Didelphis marsupialis is about 15-20 times higher than human red cells. In order to investigate whether this hyperactivity is extended or not to other red cell enzymes, it was proposed to ascertain the activity of the glycolytic enzymes as well as other related to the redox metabolism of the opossum erythrocyte. Some biochemical, hematological and immunological data were also assayed as well. That being so, the following red cell enzymes were assayed: hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, diphosphoglycerate mutase, monophosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metahemoglobin reductase, superoxide dismutase, aspartate amino-transferase, adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase and acetylcholinesterase . Although most of the enzymatic activities disclosed to be similar to humans, some enzymes exhibited high activities as the hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glutathione-S-transferase, about three to four times in relation to human. However the glutathione peroxidase presented overwhelming activity, at the order of ten-twelve times the human enzyme, perhaps working together the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase hyperactivity at the order of ten-fifteen times already described in the marsupial erythrocytes