Literatura académica sobre el tema "Gnagare"

ABSTRACT Aim Dental surgeons must be aware of the most appropriate endodontic treatments and how to properly conduct them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dental surgeons in Burkina Faso in terms of endodontic treatment procedures. Materials and methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed during the regular annual conference of the National Board of Dental Surgeons of Burkina Faso, held on February 27 and 28, 2015 in Ouagadougou, through a questionnaire. Results A total of 33 practitioners took part (52.4% of the dental surgeons of Burkina Faso) in the study. The majority of them (90.9%) used sodium hypochlorite as their preferred irrigation solution. Nearly half of the dental surgeons (48.5%) did not know how to use a permeabilization file, and most did not make use of nickel–titanium (NiTi) mechanized instruments (78.8%) or rubber dams (93.9%). Approximately two-thirds of participants did not perform file-in-place radiography (66.7%) or control radiography of the canal obturation (63.6%). The adjusted single-cone technique was the most commonly used (87.9%). Conclusion This study highlights that the majority of dental surgeons in Burkina Faso are not using the currently recommended endodontic procedures to perform obturations. Clinical significance Dental surgeons in Burkina Faso must commit to regularly upgrading their knowledge and techniques. How to cite this article Kaboré WAD, Chevalier V, Gnagne- Koffi Y, Ouédraogo CDW, Ndiaye D, Faye B. A Survey of Endodontic Practices among Dentists in Burkina Faso. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):641-646.

It is often challenging to create a new enrichment program for any animal. This is especially true with the additional challenge that I wanted to use only naturalistic enrichment, and I’m working with animals some of which are nocturnal. Even with a many hurdles, a little bit of enrichment can do a big difference and make a big difference in activity levels of the animals. Eskilstuna parkens zoo have a house called the MUSeum housing four kinds of rodents. Rodents are generally much more active at night and spend much of the day sleeping out of sight of the public. One of the goals of starting an enrichment program was to increase the animal’s activity throughout the day to provide an improved guest experience. Many of the guests would stop briefly at the exhibit only seeing the empty exhibit, unaware of that there were animals there. Before starting an enrichment program, I wanted to determine how the rodent was spending their time. By observing the animals’ behaviour for 15 minutes a day at various times throughout the day, for a total of 15 observations, I was able to construct an activity budget for their behaviour. The results obtained were, as expected, that the rodents spent a lot of time resting. By enrichment both with food and the temperature we were able to take the activity to another level, and several new behaviours were observed.

Försöksdjursverksamhet är en viktig del inom läkemedelsutveckling och annan forskning, men svårigheterna i att övervaka djurens hälsa och aktivitet utan att stressa dem gör att en hel del studier får opålitliga resultat. Idag sker mycket av övervakningen antingen manuellt av personal som tittar till djuren, eller med automatiska metoder som innefattar något stressande moment. TrackPaw är ett svenskt startup-företag som vill ändra på detta. De utvecklar en sensorplattform som ska ligga på burens botten och mäta djurens aktivitet utan att störa dem. Detta arbete har som mål att med produktutvecklingsmetoder, materialval, beräkningar och CAD-modellering utveckla ett koncept för ett hölje till TrackPaws plattform med syfte att möjliggöra vidare utveckling av deras produkt. Kund- samt myndighetskrav sammanställdes och översattes till mätbara egenskaper i form av en målspecifikation. Konceptprocessen utfördes genom att en problemformulering utarbetades för att sedan brytas ner till delproblem. Lösningar till dessa delproblem söktes sedan internt och externt. Lösningarna sattes ihop i en konceptkombinationstabell ur vilken genererades ett antal koncept. Kriterier för ett lyckat koncept arbetades fram med problembeskrivningen och kravspecen som utgångspunkt. Valet av koncept gjordes sedan med hjälp av en matris, i vilken koncepten poängsattes mot varandra efter hur väl de levde upp till kriterierna. Det valda konceptet detaljutveklades sedan genom materialval, beräkningar och CAD-modellering. Resultatet blev ett hölje bestående av fyra delar; en toppskiva med en tunnare sektion i mitten som ska leda rörelseinformation till plattformens sensorer, en botten som rymmer plattformens komponenter, en monteringsplatta som separerar komponenterna från ytterväggarna och en packning som tätar konstruktionen. Nästa steg som bör tas är att producera höljet för att utföra ytterligare tester och säkerställa dess funktion. Av resultatet dras slutsatsen att höljet bör fylla sitt syfte och tillåta TrackPaw att gå vidare med utvecklandet av plattformen.
Animal testing plays an important part in the development of new medication and in other research, but the dificulties in monitoring the health and activity of the animals without stressing them leads quite a few studies to have unreliable results. Today, a lot of the monitoring is being done manually by personnel looking in on the animals or through automated methods that still induce some stress. TrackPaw is a Swedish start-up who are developing a platform which will change all that by being placed in the bottom of the homing cages and monitoring the animals without causing stress. The goal of this project is to, through product development methods, materials selection, calculations and CAD-modeling, develop a concept for a housing for TrackPaw's sensor platform. The purpose being to allow TrackPaw to continue the development of their product. Client and regulatory requirements were compiled and translated to measurable qualities in the form of goal specifications. The concept development process began by the development of a problem definition which was then broken down into a problem list. Solutions to these problems were sought internally and externally. The solutions were entered into a concept combination table out of which a number of complete concepts were generated. Criteria for a successful concept were created using the goal specifications and problem definition as a starting point. The concept choice was made using a decision matrix where the generated concepts were given points, relative to each other, on how well they met the criteria. The chosen concept was developed in further detail using material choice, calculations and CAD-modeling. The resulting concept is a casing consisting of four parts; a platform with a thinner section in the middle to transfer movement information to the platform's sensors, a bottom which houses the platform's components, a middle platform for mounting components on, separating them from the walls and a gasket to seal the casing. The next step in the development of the platform is to manufacture the casing and perform further testing and evaluation of its function. From the results a conclusion can be drawn that the housing should fill its purpose of allowing TrackPaw to continue the development of their platform.

Senescens, in common language aging, remains one of the most poorly understood phenomena in biology. However, one thing we do know for sure, is that all individuals will age, and that all who are now young and fertile will eventually get old, and lose their ability to be as susceptible to changes in the environment as they were before. The question is why certain species and individuals become much older than others. With this master thesis, I aim to investigate what evolutionary and physiological factors cause the naked mole rat to become so much older than other similar sized rodents. The study is based on a synthesis of scientific articles and scientific books, and the results showed that eusociality, fossoriality, stress resilience, high H₂O₂ consumption, and high levels of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase may be potential factors in why the naked mole rat becomes so much older than other similar sized rodents. To completely understand the factors that influence the senescence of the naked mole rat is difficult, as the phenomenon of senescence is still a bit of a mystery in biology. But with further research and further studies about the topic, one may in the future be able to understand which factors completely affect the slow senescens of the naked mole rat, and then also get important information to another researches about senescence.
Senescens, i vardagligt språk åldrande, är fortfarande ett av de minst förstådda fenomenen inom biologin. En sak vi vet säkert är dock att alla individer åldras, och att alla som nu är unga och fertila, kommer med tiden att åldras och förlora sin förmåga att vara lika mottagbara för förändringar i miljön som tidigare. Frågan är dock varför just vissa arter och individer blir så mycket äldre än andra. Med denna litteraturstudie på magisternivå vill jag undersöka vilka potentiella evolutionära och fysiologiska faktorer som gör att just nakenråttan blir så mycket äldre än andra jämnstora gnagare. Studien är baserad på en sammanställning av vetenskapliga artiklar och vetenskapliga böcker, och resultaten visade att eusocialitet, fossorialitet, stresstålighet, hög H₂O₂ förbrukning, och höga halter av koppar och zink superoxiddismutas kan vara potentiella faktorer till varför nakenråttan blir så mycket äldre än andra jämstora gnagare. Att fullt förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar nakenråttans senescens är svårt eftersom just fenomenet senescens fortfarande är lite av ett mysterium inom biologin. Men med vidare forskning och ytterligare studier inom området, så kanske man i framtiden kan förstå vilka faktorer som helt påverkar nakenråttans långsamma åldrande, och då även få viktig information med sig till annan forsning om just senescensen.