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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Graphes de variation"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 21 de diciembre de 2024

Última modificación: 19 de julio de 2025

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1

Avanzi, Mathieu, and André Thibault. "Réflexions épistémologiques sur de nouveaux apports méthodologiques et empiriques à l’étude géolinguistique des français d’Amérique." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184602001.

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Après un bref tour d’horizon historique de la géolinguistique du français au Canada, nous présenterons dans le détail une nouvelle technique d’enquêtes en ligne (inspirée du « crowdsourcing » ou « production participative ») permettant de porter un regard neuf sur la différenciation diatopique du français au Canada, envisagée du point de vue des autoreprésentations. Nous enchaÎnerons avec une réflexion épistémologique portant sur les limites inhérentes à ce type d’approche (données élicitées vs. spontanées; données de production et d’autoreprésentation; paradoxe de l’observateur; variation diasituationnelle; problèmes de syntagmatique; distinction entre signification et désignation), puis présenterons brièvement le traitement cartographique effectué, pour aboutir au coeur de l’exposé : une série de cartes et de graphes élaborés à partir de nos enquêtes et illustrant différentes distributions aréales prototypiques (aires complémentaires, types locaux, aires périphériques et effet d’âge).

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2

Kaput, Jim. "Projects: SimCalc Project." Mathematics Teacher 96, no. 2 (2003): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.96.2.0158.

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The SimCalc Project, partially supported for almost ten years by the National Science Foundation, is a research project involving colleagues from several universities, many middle schools, and high schools. Its goal is to use innovative but affordable technology and instructional materials to democratize access to the mathematics of change and variation. It includes, for example, ideas underlying calculus, beginning in the middle school through algebra and onward into university calculus. SimCalc approaches involve a growing mix of visually editable graphs that control dynamic simulations, visualization and data-import tools, and curriculum materials that use these software capabilities, as well as such traditional ones as function graphers. These strategies address the basic ideas of rate, slope as rate, linear functions, simultaneous conditions, interpreting graphs and modeling word problems (including more realistic ones than those that appear in most textbooks), the idea of average, mixture problems, equations, signed numbers and areas, variables and variation, and so on. They also include such ideas as periodicity, velocity and position, and rate and totals connections, including the slope and area ideas underlying the fundamental theorem of calculus.

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3

Pierce, J. N. "Shock-Induced Behavior of Atomic Species in LPV Atmospheres." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 106 (1989): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100063168.

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A dynamic model of the LPV atmosphere which calculates the time-dependent variations of density, temperature, velocity, and composition with radius has been used to predict changes in absorption line profiles with phase. General results based on density variations are shown in figure 1. Similar graphs, based on concentrations of individual species, are presented for six metals: Fe, Si, Mg, Ca, Cr, and Ti. Those species which remain essentially proportional to the density (e.g., most neutral metals) exhibit the same type of variation. Ionized metals show more individual variations, including some doubling at certain phases, caused by enhanced ionization in the regions traversed by the upper shock. The basic variation predicted by this model has been observed for CO lines in Chi Cygni. (Hinkle, Hall, and Ridgway 1982, Ap. J. 252, 697)

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4

Sipayung, Murdoni, and Eddyanto Eddyanto. "Process and Characterization of Natural Rubber Modification (Sir-20) With Grafting Maleat Anhydride." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 5, no. 1 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v5i1.33141.

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Modification of natural rubber by Grafting method using monomer maleate anhydride is a technique of modification of natural rubber polymers that aims to change the physical and chemical sifak of natural rubber polymers. The grafting process is carried out by comparing the amount of MA that is graphed based on the type of peroxide, the variation of peroxide concentration and the variation of MA concentration. FTIR test results showed the appearance of peak absorption at the wave number of 1710-cm cluster C=O carbonyl from MA that is graphed in natural rubber.. Based on the comparison of ir analysis of peroxide concentration used i.e. (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1) molar ratio obtained the largest carbonyl index at DCP concentration of 0.05 mr similarly, the comparison of IR analysis results of MA concentration variations (3, 6, 9, 12) phr shows the largest carbonyl index that appears in the C=O absorption area is in the KA-g-MA sample with a MA variation of 12 phr with Carbonyl index = 45.81. The degree of MA grafting on natural rubber structures increases with increased MA concentration.

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5

Blanford, Yumiko F. "A Textual Approach to “Zhanguo Zonghengjia Shu”: Methods of Determining the Proximate Original Word Among Variants." Early China 16 (1991): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003862.

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When several versions of a text display variations, it is necessary, for a correct understanding of the text, to determine which variant best reflects the original. These variations can be categorized into graphic, lexical, vacant, and transpositional variations.The graphic variants display different graphs but represent a single word which is the proximate or most likely original. The variation is not significant since the word is known.To handle the other types of variation, one powerful method is to discover the transmission lineage for three or more versions of the text and detect alterations that were made in later versions. When the lineage method does not determine the proximate original, each variation must be approached independently. For lexical variation, the lectio difficilior is more often the proximate original than the lectio faciliior. A taboo character that was later avoided may also represent the proximate original, or the proximate original may be disguised as a dialectal word. For vacant variations, trends toward adding, deleting or altering certain words in a version of the text help to determine the proximate original. When transpositional variation creates differences in the meaning of the text and the lineage method is not of help, judgment must be applied through a careful examination of the context.These methods provide systematic solutions to textual problems that would otherwise require independent analysis.

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6

Alrawayati, Hawa Ahmed, and Ümit Tokeşer. "Spectral Integral Variation of Graph Theory." Asian Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research 32, no. 2 (2025): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.56557/ajomcor/2025/v32i29173.

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Spectral integral variation in graph theory explores the interplay between the spectral properties of graphs and their topological and geometrical characteristics. This study focuses on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of graph-related matrices, such as the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix, and their implications for understanding graph structure, connectivity, and dynamics. By examining integral variations, we establish a framework for analyzing how spectral properties change under perturbations, such as edge weight modifications and graph transformations. This paper discusses the significance of cographs as a specific class of graphs that exhibit robust spectral characteristics, highlighting their linear independence and absence of certain induced subgraphs. Applications in network design, clustering, and dynamic systems are presented, demonstrating the utility of spectral methods in real-world scenarios. This work aims to bridge discrete and continuous perspectives in graph theory, providing a comprehensive analysis of spectral variations and their implications for both theoretical research and practical applications.

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7

Chumchob, N. "Vectorial Total Variation-Based Regularization for Variational Image Registration." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 22, no. 11 (2013): 4551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2274749.

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8

Ghosh, Shamik, M. K. Sen, and Raibatak Sen Gupta. "A variation of zero-divisor graphs." Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications 35, no. 2 (2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.7151/dmgaa.1238.

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9

Chen, Siheng, Aliaksei Sandryhaila, Jose M. F. Moura, and Jelena Kovacevic. "Signal Recovery on Graphs: Variation Minimization." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 63, no. 17 (2015): 4609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2441042.

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10

Groß, Michael. "Variationen zum Thema Graphen." Chemie in unserer Zeit 48, no. 5 (2014): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.201490059.

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11

Dettlaff, Magda, Magdalena Lemańska, Gabriel Semanišin, and Rita Zuazua. "Some variations of perfect graphs." Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory 36, no. 3 (2016): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.7151/dmgt.1880.

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12

Alon, Noga, Lajos Rónyai, and Tibor Szabó. "Norm-Graphs: Variations and Applications." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 76, no. 2 (1999): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jctb.1999.1906.

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13

IRIMIA, Liviu Mihai, Cristian Valeriu PATRICHE, Georgeta Mihaela BUCUR, Hervé QUÉNOL, and Valeriu V. COTEA. "Spatial Distribution of Grapes Sugar Content and its Correlations with Climate Characteristics and Climate Suitability in the HuÈ™i (Romania) Wine Growing Region." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 1 (2015): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319673.

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Previous studies have analyzed mainly the spatial distribution of grapes quality parameters at the plot scale, and concluded that grapes sugar content is a variable parameter, with a less predictable spatio-temporal evolution. Our study aimed to identify a pattern of spatial variation of grapes sugar content at a regional scale, under the temperate continental climate of the Huşi (Romania) wine growing region. In order to do this, grapes sugar content was analyzed in relation to climate. The conditioning of grapes sugar content by climatic factors was analyzed based on regression models (Pearson correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, linear regression). Spatial variation of grapes sugars content was achieved by the regression â€“ kriging approach, using climate suitability as predictor. Spatial variation of obtainable wine types was achieved by classifying the spatial distribution of grapes sugar content, according to DOC wine production regulation for the Husi area. The study revealed that among climatic factors, the actual sunshine duration is the most influential one on grapes sugar content. Mapping grapes sugar content generated a coherent spatial distribution pattern at the vineyard scale, as it significantly correlates with terrain altitude. Based on grapes sugar content spatial variation, two areas with different potential for sugars accumulation into grapes were delineated. The outcomes reveal that grapes sugar content presents significant correlations with climate variables specific to vineyards and with climate suitability for wine production. Knowing these correlations allows revealing patterns that determine the spatial distribution of the grapes sugar content.

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14

Mazón, José M. "The total variation flow in metric graphs." Mathematics in Engineering 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mine.2023009.

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<abstract><p>Our aim is to study the total variation flow in metric graphs. First, we define the functions of bounded variation in metric graphs and their total variation, we also give an integration by parts formula. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions and that the solutions reach the mean of the initial data in finite time. Moreover, we obtain explicit solutions.</p></abstract>

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15

Asri, Andarini, Annisa, and Ruslan L. "Performance Analysis of On-Grid Solar Power Plant under Various Irradiation and Load Condition." Jurnal Teknologi Elekterika 21, no. 2 (2024): 117–27. https://doi.org/10.31963/elekterika.v21i2.5106.

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This research aims to analyze the effect of irradiation and load variations on the performance of the 1 kWp on-grid solar power plant at Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic. The research was conducted for 7 days with component testing on May 8, 2024, irradiation variation testing on May 15-17 and June 5-6, 2024, and load variation testing on June 8, 2024. MATLAB GUI was used to theoretically calculate power, PV and GTI efficiency, Yf, Yr, PR, apparent power, and load reactive power. In addition, the MATLAB GUI also displays graphs of the effect of irradiation variations on the performance of solar power plants. PSIM simulation was used to compare the PV power generated with the same irradiation and temperature. The results show that irradiation greatly affects the performance of the solar power plant, where increasing irradiation increases the output power, PV and GTI efficiency, and export power to the grid, which results in an increase in Yf, Yr, and PR. PSIM simulations support these findings by showing a positive correlation between irradiation and PV output power. Load variation also affects the Pf value, where resistive (R) loads have the best Pf (1), while inductive-capacitive (LC) loads have the worst Pf (0.37) due to the high reactive power drawn. Thus, variations in load type affect power consumption and system performance.

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16

Shetty, Archana, Shubha H. V. Shubha H V, Vijaya Chowdappa, and Vivek T. G. Vivek T G. "A Study of Variation in Adult Thrombocytopenic Histograms A Graph Often Overlooked." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 2 (2020): A83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2665.

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17

Prasetyo, Teguh, Adey Tanauma, and As'ari . "Pola Variasi Reguler Medan Magnet Bumi Di Tondano." Jurnal MIPA 3, no. 1 (2014): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jm.3.1.2014.3903.

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Data variasi medan magnet bumi komponen horisontal diambil dari komputer akuisisi yang merekam data secara real time. Dibuat grafik data magnet bumi komponen horisontal versus waktu per hari. Dipilih grafik quite days dan dibandingkan dengan quiet days di Lerwick (Inggris). Dihitung nilai rata-rata dari Quiet days yang sama perbulan untuk dijadikan pola variasi reguler bulanan, sehingga dalam satu tahun dapat dibuat dua belas pola variasi reguler medan magnet bumi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa variasi reguler medan magnet bumi polanya teratur, nilai variasi tertinggi berkisar 39308,3– 39409,5 nT pada kisaran waktu 02:39–03:38 Universal Time. Pola variasi reguler medan magnet bumi digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menganalisis variasi harian medan magnet bumi. Pada tahun 2011 tercatat badai besar geomagnet sebanyak 11 kali yang nilai variasinya berkisar 71–20 nT dengan nilai K indeks sama dengan lima.Data variation of the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field was taken from the acquisition computer which records data in real time. Graphs describing the horizontal component data versus time were created daily. Graphs of quiet days were selected and compared with quiet days in Lerwick (England). Average value the same of quiet days were calculated in order to create monthly regular variation pattern, so that in one year there were twelve regular variation patterns of the earth 's magnetic field created. The results showed that the regular variations of the earth 's magnetic field is on a regular pattern, the value of the highest variation ranged 39308.3-39409.5 nT at around 2:39 to 3:38 Universal Time. Regular variation patterns of the earth 's magnetic field were used as references for analyzing the daily variation of the earth 's magnetic field. In 2011, the large geomagnetic storms were recorded 11 times, the value of the variation range 71–20 nT with the K index value equal to five.

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18

Arsini, Lorenzo, Barbara Caccia, Andrea Ciardiello, Stefano Giagu, and Carlo Mancini Terracciano. "Nearest Neighbours Graph Variational AutoEncoder." Algorithms 16, no. 3 (2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16030143.

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Graphs are versatile structures for the representation of many real-world data. Deep Learning on graphs is currently able to solve a wide range of problems with excellent results. However, both the generation of graphs and the handling of large graphs still remain open challenges. This work aims to introduce techniques for generating large graphs and test the approach on a complex problem such as the calculation of dose distribution in oncological radiotherapy applications. To this end, we introduced a pooling technique (ReNN-Pool) capable of sampling nodes that are spatially uniform without computational requirements in both model training and inference. By construction, the ReNN-Pool also allows the definition of a symmetric un-pooling operation to recover the original dimensionality of the graphs. We also present a Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) for generating graphs, based on the defined pooling and un-pooling operations, which employs convolutional graph layers in both encoding and decoding phases. The performance of the model was tested on both the realistic use case of a cylindrical graph dataset for a radiotherapy application and the standard benchmark dataset sprite. Compared to other graph pooling techniques, ReNN-Pool proved to improve both performance and computational requirements.

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19

Khoshravan, Mohammad Reza, A. Khalili, and M. J. Razavi. "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Added Hole on the Stress Concentration of a Perforated Plate and Determining of Its Optimum Location." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.793.

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The aim of this work was to investigate Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) variations induced by adding of holes in a perforated base plate subjected to uniaxial tension load, using Finite Element Method (FEM). Analyses were applied in 2D for different diameters, orientation angels and distances of added holes from the base hole. A parametric model in ANSYS finite element software was used to calculate the SCFs and the differences between SCFs have been shown in various graphs. To investigate the variation of SCF in perforated base plate, two holes with the same diameter were located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis with different angles and distances from the base hole. The results showed that by adding holes with a proper diameter, orientation angles and distances from the base hole, the SCFs can be reduced. Using the obtained graphs and corresponding to the base hole diameter the most adequate diameter and its position was determined. Obtained results for special statuses had a good agreement with the graphs of Peterson’s stress concentration factors.

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20

Tognon, Manuel, Vincenzo Bonnici, Erik Garrison, Rosalba Giugno, and Luca Pinello. "GRAFIMO: Variant and haplotype aware motif scanning on pangenome graphs." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 9 (2021): e1009444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009444.

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Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that promote or reduce the expression of genes by binding short genomic DNA sequences known as transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). While several tools have been developed to scan for potential occurrences of TFBS in linear DNA sequences or reference genomes, no tool exists to find them in pangenome variation graphs (VGs). VGs are sequence-labelled graphs that can efficiently encode collections of genomes and their variants in a single, compact data structure. Because VGs can losslessly compress large pangenomes, TFBS scanning in VGs can efficiently capture how genomic variation affects the potential binding landscape of TFs in a population of individuals. Here we present GRAFIMO (GRAph-based Finding of Individual Motif Occurrences), a command-line tool for the scanning of known TF DNA motifs represented as Position Weight Matrices (PWMs) in VGs. GRAFIMO extends the standard PWM scanning procedure by considering variations and alternative haplotypes encoded in a VG. Using GRAFIMO on a VG based on individuals from the 1000 Genomes project we recover several potential binding sites that are enhanced, weakened or missed when scanning only the reference genome, and which could constitute individual-specific binding events. GRAFIMO is available as an open-source tool, under the MIT license, at https://github.com/pinellolab/GRAFIMO and https://github.com/InfOmics/GRAFIMO.

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21

Lee, Chuan-Min. "Algorithmic Aspects of Some Variations of Clique Transversal and Clique Independent Sets on Graphs." Algorithms 14, no. 1 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14010022.

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This paper studies the maximum-clique independence problem and some variations of the clique transversal problem such as the {k}-clique, maximum-clique, minus clique, signed clique, and k-fold clique transversal problems from algorithmic aspects for k-trees, suns, planar graphs, doubly chordal graphs, clique perfect graphs, total graphs, split graphs, line graphs, and dually chordal graphs. We give equations to compute the {k}-clique, minus clique, signed clique, and k-fold clique transversal numbers for suns, and show that the {k}-clique transversal problem is polynomial-time solvable for graphs whose clique transversal numbers equal their clique independence numbers. We also show the relationship between the signed and generalization clique problems and present NP-completeness results for the considered problems on k-trees with unbounded k, planar graphs, doubly chordal graphs, total graphs, split graphs, line graphs, and dually chordal graphs.

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22

MATSUI, Akinori. "Variations of Graphs in Riemannian Manifolds." Interdisciplinary Information Sciences 7, no. 1 (2001): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4036/iis.2001.45.

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23

Brandstädt, Andreas, and Raffaele Mosca. "On variations of P4-sparse graphs." Discrete Applied Mathematics 129, no. 2-3 (2003): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(03)00180-x.

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24

Yizheng, Fan. "On Spectral Integral Variations of Graphs." Linear and Multilinear Algebra 50, no. 2 (2002): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081080290019513.

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25

Olariu, Stephan. "All variations on perfectly orderable graphs." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 45, no. 2 (1988): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-8956(88)90066-4.

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26

Firmansah, Fery. "The Odd Harmonious Labeling on Variation of the Double Quadrilateral Windmill Graphs." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 18, no. 2 (2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v18i2.5648.

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A Graphis calledif it hasvertices and edqes. The graphis said to be an odd harmonious if there exists an injectionsuch that induced mappingis a bijection and is said to be an odd harmonious labeling of. In this paper, we construct the odd harmonious labeling on variation of the double quadrilateral windmill graph with . Moreover, we also give odd harmonious labeling construction for generalized variation of the double quadrilateral windmill graph withand . Keywords: Odd harmonious labeling, variation, double quadrilteral, windmill graph.

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27

Mulyani, Sri Wigati Mardi, Eha Renwi Astuti, Otty Ratna Wahyuni, et al. "Age-related mandibular condyle morphological variations: a panoramic radiography study at RSGMP Universitas Airlangga." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 7, no. 3 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v7i3.1081.

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Objectives: This research aims to find out the variations of the mandibular condyle shape based on age on panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: This study uses secondary data from 200 digital panoramic radiographs of patients at the dental hospital (RSGM) of Universitas Airlangga aged 20-65 years in 2019, 2020, and 2021, which have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data is presented in the form of tables and graphs with simple statistical calculations, and reliability tests were carried out with intraclass correlation (ICC) methods using SPSS. Results: There are variations of the condyle shape in five age groups, the age I (20-25 Years), age II (26-35 years), age III (36-45 years), age IV (46-55 years), age V (56-65 years). Conclusion: There are condyle shape variabilities in several age groups. In age I (20-25 years), age II (26-35 years), age III (36-45 years), and age IV (46-55 years) the most variation of the condyle shape is rounded, at age V (56-65 years) the most variation of the condyle shape is rounded and pointed. Furthermore, the morphology of the condylar structures may exhibit variances and are not consistently uniform.

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28

Anurag, Shyam Lal Yadav, and Ashok Kumar Singh. "Influence of Heat Source/Sink on Free Convection in Annular Porous Region." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 3 (2021): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390318.

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The significant interpretation of this model is to explore the influence of temperature-dependent heat source/sink on laminar free-convective flow in an annular porous region such as petroleum engineering, thermal technique and groundwater hydrology. For a unified solution of the Brinkman-Darcy model, the regulatory equations solved analytically by applying the variation of parameter technique in terms of Bessel's functions for the heat source and sink. Moreover, we have investigated the Variations of Darcy number, Heat source/sink and viscosity ratio in the presence of isothermal and constant heat flux sequentially. As a result, we received the critical value of the velocity for the radii ratio (R = 2.05 and 2.92) in both the cases of source and sink (S = 1.0 and Si = 0.1) respectively which is exhibited through the graphs. Further, the numerical outcomes present of the skin friction including volume flow with annular gap by the graphs as well as tables.

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Wijayanto, Sofian, and Sunyoto Sunyoto. "Variasi Komposisi Bentonit pada Cetakan Pasir Blok Silinder Mesin Pemotong Rumput." Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin 4, no. 1 (2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v4i1.24281.

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Purpose of this research is to find out how the influence of variation of bentonite composition on the sand mold to casting defect, hardness, and microstructure. Variations of bentonite composition used were 0%, 8%, and 16%. The data of the research were analyzed directly using graphs and micro photographs which were then drawn conclusions from the results of the study. Needle-hole defects are found in all variations of bentonite composition. The porosity defect was found only in the variation of 0% and 16% bentonite compositions. The highest hardness value was obtained from the 8% bentonite composition variation is 84.26 VHN and the lowest hardness value was obtained from 0% VHN bentonite composition variation is 68.02 VHN. The best microstructure is indicated by the variation of 8% bentonite composition as evidenced by the formation of Al and Si elements that are evenly distributed and closer to the grain.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh variasi komposisi bentonit pada cetakan pasir terhadap cacat coran, kekerasan dan struktur mikro. Variasi komposisi bentonit yang digunakan adalah 0%, 8% dan 16%. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara langsung menggunakan grafik dan foto mikro yang kemudian ditarik kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian tersebut. Cacat lubang jarum ditemukan di semua variasi komposisi bentonit. Sedangkan cacat porositas hanya ditemukan pada variasi komposisi bentonit 0% dan 16. nilai kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh dari variasi komposisi bentonit 8% sebesar 84.26 VHN dan nilai kekerasan terendah diperoleh dari variasi komposisi bentonit 0% sebesar 68.02 VHN. Struktur mikro terbaik ditunjukkan oleh variasi komposisi bentonit 8% dibuktikan dengan pembentukan unsur Al dan Si yang merata dan lebih merapat letak antar butirnya.

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Prabhakaran, Rahul, Giovanni Bertotti, Janos Urai, and David Smeulders. "Investigating spatial heterogeneity within fracture networks using hierarchical clustering and graph distance metrics." Solid Earth 12, no. 10 (2021): 2159–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2159-2021.

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Abstract. Rock fractures organize as networks, exhibiting natural variation in their spatial arrangements. Therefore, identifying, quantifying, and comparing variations in spatial arrangements within network geometries are of interest when explicit fracture representations or discrete fracture network models are chosen to capture the influence of fractures on bulk rock behaviour. Treating fracture networks as spatial graphs, we introduce a novel approach to quantify spatial variation. The method combines graph similarity measures with hierarchical clustering and is applied to investigate the spatial variation within large-scale 2-D fracture networks digitized from the well-known Lilstock limestone pavements, Bristol Channel, UK. We consider three large, fractured regions, comprising nearly 300 000 fractures spread over 14 200 m2 from the Lilstock pavements. Using a moving-window sampling approach, we first subsample the large networks into subgraphs. Four graph similarity measures – fingerprint distance, D-measure, Network Laplacian spectral descriptor (NetLSD), and portrait divergence – that encapsulate topological relationships and geometry of fracture networks are then used to compute pair-wise subgraph distances serving as input for the statistical hierarchical clustering technique. In the form of hierarchical dendrograms and derived spatial variation maps, the results indicate spatial autocorrelation with localized spatial clusters that gradually vary over distances of tens of metres with visually discernable and quantifiable boundaries. Fractures within the identified clusters exhibit differences in fracture orientations and topology. The comparison of graph similarity-derived clusters with fracture persistence measures indicates an intra-network spatial variation that is not immediately obvious from the ubiquitous fracture intensity and density maps. The proposed method provides a quantitative way to identify spatial variations in fracture networks, guiding stochastic and geostatistical approaches to fracture network modelling.

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31

Orogat, Abdelghny, and Ahmed El-Roby. "Maestro: Automatic Generation of Comprehensive Benchmarks for Question Answering Over Knowledge Graphs." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 1, no. 2 (2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3589322.

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Recently, there has been an upsurge in the number of knowledge graphs (KG) that can only be accessed by experts. Non-expert users lack an adequate understanding of the queried knowledge graph's vocabulary and structure, as well as the syntax of the structured query language used to express the user's information needs. To increase the user base of these KGs, a set of Question Answering (QA) systems that use natural language to query these knowledge graphs have been introduced. However, finding a benchmark that accurately evaluates the quality of a QA system is a difficult task due to (1) the high degree of variation in the fine-grained properties among the existing benchmarks, (2) the static nature of the existing benchmarks versus the evolving nature of KGs, and (3) the limited number of KGs targeted by existing benchmarks, which hinders the usability of QA systems in real-world deployment over KGs that are different from those that were used in the evaluation of the QA systems. In this paper, we introduce Maestro, a benchmark generation system for question answering over knowledge graphs. Maestro can generate a new benchmark for any KG given the KG and, optionally, a text corpus that covers this KG. The benchmark generated by Maestro is guaranteed to cover all the properties of the natural language questions and queries that were encountered in the literature as long as the targeted KG includes these properties. Maestro also generates high-quality natural language questions with various utterances that are on par with manually-generated ones to better evaluate QA systems.

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32

Wang, Yaya, Xiangguang He, Zhiqun Zhang, and Wei Gao. "Avoiding Certain Graphs for a Variation of Toughness." Mathematical Sciences Letters 3, no. 3 (2014): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/msl/030317.

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33

Fernandez, Bastien, and Anthony Quas. "The variation of invariant graphs in forced systems." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 28, no. 8 (2018): 083101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5026551.

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34

Ellenberg, Jordan S., Chris Hall, and Emmanuel Kowalski. "Expander graphs, gonality, and variation of Galois representations." Duke Mathematical Journal 161, no. 7 (2012): 1233–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00127094-1593272.

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35

Manstavicius, M. "Hausdorff-Besicovitch Dimension of Graphs and p-Variation." Lithuanian Mathematical Journal 45, no. 3 (2005): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10986-005-0031-6.

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36

Abu-Rahma, Mohamed H., and Mohab Anis. "A Statistical Design-Oriented Delay Variation Model Accounting for Within-Die Variations." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 27, no. 11 (2008): 1983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2008.2006096.

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37

Arifin, Samsul, Indra Bayu Muktyas, and Jeremy Matthew Mandei. "Graph coloring program for variation of exam scheduling modeling at Binus University based on Welsh and Powell algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2279, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2279/1/012005.

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Abstract In this article, we will design a computer program to solve graph colouring and to visualize the variation of exam scheduling modelling at Binus University in graphs based on the Welch and Powell Algorithm. A vertex colouring of graph G = (V, E) is an F: V → N mapping where the adjacent vertex are different colours in N, i.e. if the edge (u, v) are in E, then F (u) is not equal to F (v). The formulation of problems regarding computer programs based on a small experiment and variations in modelling exams is carried out in graph form using the Visual Basic Application.

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38

He, Ya Feng, Qing Yu, and You Ming Wang. "Topological Synthesis of Planetary Gear Trains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.43.

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Application of topological graphs to analyze and synthesize planetary gear trains (PGTs) is an effective approach in searching for innovative planetary trains. Two topological graphs of basic structure and three fundamental units of PGTs are established as the basis of topological synthesis. Then combination system of PGTs are summarized based on stratify-cation, which can be classified as four basic type including series, parallel, separate and close. Several kinds of compound combination are also discussed. The variation law of topological graphs are analyzed and sorted as diversification including evolution, regression, decay and recovery and inversion transforming graphs to PGTs. Finally graph library based on variation law is presented as a simple and practical way to create a great number of new PGTs.

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39

Fan, Yi-Zheng. "On spectral integral variations of mixed graphs." Linear Algebra and its Applications 374 (November 2003): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3795(03)00575-5.

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40

Yizheng, Fan. "Spectral Integral Variations of Degree Maximal Graphs." Linear and Multilinear Algebra 51, no. 2 (2003): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0308108021000023480.

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41

Lee, Chuan-Min, and Maw-Shang Chang. "Variations of Y-dominating functions on graphs." Discrete Mathematics 308, no. 18 (2008): 4185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2007.08.080.

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42

Sudja Rizki Maulana. "ANALISIS PENGARUH FEEDING PADA PROSES GRINDING JOURNAL TERHADAP NILAI KUALITAS CAMSHAFT TYPE 2TNV70 PASCA IQT." KALPIKA 19, no. 2 (2023): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.61488/kalpika.v19i2.47.

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Research in the field of machining in testing the level of roughness needs to be done to get good results in themachining process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in feeding on thesurface grinding process on the surface roughness and hardness of S45C carbon steel that has gone throughprocesses including induction, quenching and tempering and to compare which feeding variation has thelowest level of roughness. The research method used is an experimental method in the form of giving avariety of feeding which is tested on 4 samples in the surface grinding process. The number of variationsgiven is 0.2mm/min, 0.4mm/min, 0.8mm/min, 1.2mm/min. The test results obtained are in the form ofroughness values and hardness values on specimens that have been previously tested. The results showedthat there was a change in the roughness value that occurred during the grinding process by applying a0.2mm/min feeding variation resulting in an average value of 1.33683333µ, a feeding variation of0.4mm/min producing an average value of 1.27068333µ, a feeding variation of 0.8mm/min producing anaverage value of 1.27068333µ. the average value is 1.29633333µ, the variation of feeding 1.2mm/minproduces an average value of 1.39458333µ and there is no significant change in the surface hardness valuein the surface grinding process. The tools used in this study were the Mitutoyo SV2100 rougness tester todetermine the roughness value, and the Sonohard SH22 hardness tester to determine the hardness value. Thedata that has been obtained are then analyzed using descriptive statistics where the data are presented in theform of tables and graphs. after grinding. This shows that there is an effect of giving different variations offeeding the surface grinding process to the surface roughness value.

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43

Firmansah, Fery. "Pelabelan Harmonis Ganjil pada Graf Bunga Double Quadrilateral." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 20, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.20.1.2020.27278.

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Graf harmonis ganjil adalah graf yang memenuhi sifat-sifat pelabelan harmonis ganjil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kelas graf baru yang merupakan graf harmonis ganjil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu konstruksi definisi, formulasi fungsi pelabelan dan pembuktian teorema. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah konstruksi graf bunga double quadrilateral dengan dan graf bunga variasi double quadrilateral dengan yang merupakan pengembangan dari graf double quadrilateral dan graf variasi double quadrilateral . Lebih lanjut telah dibuktikan bahwa graf dan adalah graf harmonis ganjil.Kata Kunci: graf double quadrilateral, graf bunga, graf harmonis ganjil, pelabelan graf Odd Harmonious Labelling on The Flower Double Quadrilateral Graphs ABSTRACTOdd harmonious graphs are graphs that have odd harmonious labeling properties. The purpose of this study is to get a new class of graphs which are odd harmonious graphs. The research method used consists of several stages, namely construction of definitions, formulation of labeling functions and proof of theorems. The results of this study is to get a graph construction will be given, namely the flower quadrilateral graphs with and the flower variation of quadrilateral graphs with , which are the development of double quadrilateral graphs and variation double quadrilateral graphs . It has further been proven that and are odd harmonious graphs.Keywords: double quadrilateral graph, flower graph, labeling graph, odd harmonious graph

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44

Aniculaesi, Mircea, Anghel Stanciu, and Irina Lungu. "The Effect of the Portland and Eco-Cement Stabilization on the Physical and Mechanical Behaviour of the Bahlui Clay." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.361.

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The research program developed by the authors and presented in this paper designate the Bahlui clay Romania fitting the clays with specific behaviour such as the Addis Ababa clay, London clay, Dharwad clay, New Yorkshire clay, Ankara clay and Weald clay. Its behaviour is mainly characterized by high swells and shrinkages at moisture variations. The utilization of the Bahlui clay as good foundation soil or material for compacted soil cushion required the determination of the parameters characterizing its behaviour during moisture variation: swell-shrinkage, compressibility and respectively shear strength. The research experiments to define the physical and mechanical behaviour of the Bahlui clay were performed on both natural and remoulded samples with 2.5÷10% mix from the dry soil mass with Portland with/or eco-cement. The paper presents graphs and tables displaying the Portland/eco-cement stabilization influence on the main physical and mechanical indices characterizing the Bahlui clay behaviour during moisture variations as well as conclusions its usage.

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45

Ketney, Otto, Ecaterina Lengyel, Ovidiu Tita, and Anca Țifrea. "Content Variation of Iron and Copper in Wine Obtained from Wine Vineyards Recas." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 17, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2013-0004.

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Abstract Wine grapes are brought to the center in baskets, plastic containers, wooden bene, or more modern like metal bene. From picking and transport can be transmitted to grapes, the iron or copper from all equipment on metal and after will be transmitted also to wines produced. It must therefore control of how was made the insulation of protective metal bene to avoid contact the metal with grapes. The aim of this work involves evaluating the content of iron and copper in wines and vineyards of Recas. The results indicated that the values determined by methods Photocolorimeters were within normal limits and revealed that the level of iron and copper in samples analyzed were not influenced by the process or storage conditions.

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46

Alfuraidan, Monther Rashed, and Mohamed Amine Khamsi. "Ekeland variational principle on weighted graphs." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 147, no. 12 (2019): 5313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/proc/14642.

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47

Maryam, Afeefa, M. Tariq Rahim, and F. Hussain. "Properties of Cubic Fuzzy Competition Graphs with Applications." Ars Combinatoria 160, no. 1 (2024): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.61091/ars-160-13.

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This study extends the concept of competition graphs to cubic fuzzy competition graphs by introducing additional variations including cubic fuzzy out-neighbourhoods, cubic fuzzy in-neighbourhoods, open neighbourhood cubic fuzzy graphs, closed neighbourhood cubic fuzzy graphs, cubic fuzzy (k) neighbourhood graphs and cubic fuzzy [k]-neighbourhood graphs. These variations provide further insights into the relationships and competition within the graph structure, each with its own defined characteristics and examples. These cubic fuzzy CMGs are further classified as cubic fuzzy k-competition graphs that show competition in the k th order between components, p -competition cubic fuzzy graphs that concentrate on competition in terms of membership degrees, and m -step cubic fuzzy competition graphs that analyze competition in terms of steps. Further, some related results about independent strong vertices and edges have been obtained for these cubic fuzzy competition graph classes. Finally, the proposed concept of cubic fuzzy competition graphs is supported by a numerical example. This example showcases how the framework of cubic fuzzy competition graphs can be practically applied to the predator-prey model to illustrate the representation and analysis of ambiguous information within the graph structures.

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48

Da Silva, Kévin, Nicolas Pons, Magali Berland, Florian Plaza Oñate, Mathieu Almeida, and Pierre Peterlongo. "StrainFLAIR: strain-level profiling of metagenomic samples using variation graphs." PeerJ 9 (August 23, 2021): e11884. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11884.

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Current studies are shifting from the use of single linear references to representation of multiple genomes organised in pangenome graphs or variation graphs. Meanwhile, in metagenomic samples, resolving strain-level abundances is a major step in microbiome studies, as associations between strain variants and phenotype are of great interest for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We developed StrainFLAIR with the aim of showing the feasibility of using variation graphs for indexing highly similar genomic sequences up to the strain level, and for characterizing a set of unknown sequenced genomes by querying this graph. On simulated data composed of mixtures of strains from the same bacterial species Escherichia coli, results show that StrainFLAIR was able to distinguish and estimate the abundances of close strains, as well as to highlight the presence of a new strain close to a referenced one and to estimate its abundance. On a real dataset composed of a mix of several bacterial species and several strains for the same species, results show that in a more complex configuration StrainFLAIR correctly estimates the abundance of each strain. Hence, results demonstrated how graph representation of multiple close genomes can be used as a reference to characterize a sample at the strain level.

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49

Su, Sheng-Huang, and Min-Sheng Lin. "Counting independent sets and its variation in cocomparability graphs." Applied Mathematical Sciences 8 (2014): 2525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2014.43173.

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50

Rowe, Will P. M., and Martyn D. Winn. "Indexed variation graphs for efficient and accurate resistome profiling." Bioinformatics 34, no. 21 (2018): 3601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty387.

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