Tesis sobre el tema "Grundvattenmodellering"
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Lorentzon, Martin. "Grundvattenmodellering i Badelundaåsen." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88903.
Texto completoOver an extended period of time there have been plans to establish a shared facility in Lennheden to extract groundwater from the Badelunda esker to provide drinking water for the cities of Borlänge and Falun. The city of Falun is dissatisfied with the quality of its drinking water and the city of Borlänge is concerned about the risk of contamination of its existing groundwater supply at its current location. To provide a basis for a decision on this issue, the company Midvatten AB has been commissioned to perform hydrogeological investigations in the area of Lennheden.
The purpose of this thesis is to design a functional groundwater model of the area between Lennheden, place of planned extraction, and Övre Tjärna, place of existing extraction, to get a better understanding of the groundwater situation in the area. A groundwater model enables simulations of different scenarios in risk assessment and contaminant transport. The aim of the thesis is that the model can be used as an aid in Midvatten’s investigations in Lennheden and that it also can be used in future projects in the area.
The model has been made in Processing Modflow 5.3 and encompasses an area of 19,5 × 11 km along the Badelunda esker and the river Dalälven between Djurmo and Frostbrunnsdalen. The model has 6 layers and a cell resolution of 50 × 50 meters and 50 × 100 meters. The physical parameters of the model are comprised from different hydrological and geological investigations in the area.
The Badelunda esker and the river Dalälven totally dominate the groundwater situation in the area. A large part of the work in the thesis has been focused on the calibration of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the esker and the vertical hydraulic conductivity in the riverbed of Dalälven. The calibration of the model implies a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 0,01 – 0,1 md-1 in the riverbed of Dalälven, depending on the riverbed thickness.
Between Bäsna and Övre Tjärna, simulated and observed groundwater levels correspond well. The transport time of the water in the esker, simulated in PMPATH, also corresponds well with estimated transport times. The model can be used for simpler studies of contaminant transport.
Simulation of the pumping test in Lennheden gives a good correspondence eastward in the esker from Lennheden to Övre Tjärna. Westward in the esker, from Lennheden to Bäsna, the draw down is sharper than observed. Possible reasons for the sharper draw down is an underestimation of the bulk of the esker and that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed is set too low between Lennheden and Bäsna.
In order to improve the model, the most important step should be to thoroughly investigate the river Dalälven with regards to vertical hydraulic conductivity in the riverbed and riverbed thickness.
Under en längre tid har det funnits planer på att upprätta en ny, gemensam vattentäkt för Borlänge och Falu kommun i Badelundaåsen i Lennheden nordväst om Borlänge stad. Falu kommun är missnöjd med vattenkvaliteten i sin ytvattentäkt och Borlänge är oroad över riskerna med att ha sin nuvarande vattentäkt i Badelundaåsen lokaliserad i nära anslutning till riksväg 70 och järnvägen. Beslut i frågan ska tas under 2006 och Midvatten AB har fått i uppdrag att genomföra geohydrologiska undersökningar i och runt Lennheden som underlag till beslutet.
Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att skapa en fungerande grundvattenmodell för området mellan Lennheden, plats för planerat vattenuttag, och Övre Tjärna, plats för befintligt vattenuttag, för att få en större förståelse för grundvattenmagasinet. En grundvattenmodell möjliggör simulering av olika scenarion så som föroreningstransport i grundvattnet och bestämning av skyddsområden. Målet är att modellen ska kunna användas som ett komplement i Midvattens undersökningar och även användas i framtida projekt i området.
Modellen är gjord i Processing Modflow 5.3 och omfattar ett 19,5 × 11 km stort område längs Badelundaåsen och Dalälven mellan Djurmo och Frostbrunnsdalen. Modellen består av 6 lager där cellernas upplösning är 50 × 50 meter och 50 × 100 meter. De fysiska parametrar som modellen är uppbyggd av är sammanställda från olika hydrologiska och geologiska undersökningar som har utförts i området de senaste 30 åren.
Badelundaåsen och Dalälven är de två komponenter som totalt dominerar grundvattensituationen i området. En stor del av arbetet har fokuserats på kalibreringen av den horisontella hydrauliska konduktiviteten i åsen och den vertikala hydrauliska konduktiviteten i Dalälvens botten. I modellen är den vertikala hydrauliska konduktiviteten i Dalälvens botten kalibrerad till intervallet 0,01 – 0,1 md-1 beroende på bottnens mäktighet.
På sträckan mellan Bäsna och Övre Tjärna så fungerar modellen bra. Simulerade och observerade grundvattennivåer stämmer väl överens. Även vattnets transporttider i åsen, simulerade i PMPATH, stämmer väl överens med uppskattade transporttider. Modellen kan användas för enklare studier av ämnestransport.
Vid simulering av provpumpningen i Lennheden så är överensstämmelsen god österut i åsen, från Lennheden till Övre Tjärna. Västerut i åsen, från Lennheden till Bäsna, är avsänkningen av grundvattennivån för kraftig. Möjliga orsaker till den för kraftiga avsänkningen är att åsens utbredning är underskattad och att Dalälvens botten har en för lågt ansatt vertikal hydraulisk konduktivitet längs sträckan Lennheden – Bäsna.
Den klart viktigaste åtgärden för att förbättra modellen skulle vara att grundligt undersöka Dalälven, särskilt längs sträckan Djurmo – Båtsta, med avseende på dess bottens vertikala hydrauliska konduktivitet och mäktighet.
Friberg, Emil. "Grundvattenmodellering av föroreningstransport : Ett uppdragsanpassat beräkningsverktyg." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210775.
Texto completoBachofner, Gran Clara. "Grundvattenmodellering inom Loddby före detta Sulfitmassabruk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382271.
Texto completoLoddby sulphite pulp factory was during its active days located next to Loddbyviken, approximately five kilometers north of Norrköping. Production of sulphite paper pulp was conducted between the years 1899 and 1977 within an area of 18,6 hectares. The former sulphite pulp factory is today considered polluted to the extent that it is entailing a great risk for human health and the environment, but to be able to decide what measures to take, the hydrogeological conditions in the area need to be clarified. The objective of this master’s thesis was to map the groundwater flow pattern within Loddby former sulphite pulp factory by developing a site-specific groundwater model with the groundwater flow model MODFLOW in the software Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). The master’s thesis also aimed at examining how the groundwater movement in the area is affected by fluctuations in the water level of Loddbyviken. A conceptual model was initially created to describe the hydrological system in a simplified way with regards to the geology, hydrology and climate within the area. The model domain was delimited by topographical water divides and hydrological boundaries, and was thereafter divided into three horizontal layers based on the main materials that have been identified during investigations within the area: filling material, clay and till. In GMS, the model domain was divided into a 5x5 meter grid and its borders were assigned appropriate boundary conditions. By interpolating the three model layers from scatter point data of known geology, the conceptual model could be described mathematically within the software. To increase the reliability of the model, the hydraulic conductivities of the materials were then calibrated against observed hydraulic head in several groundwater monitoring wells in the area. After the calibration, the hydraulic conductivities of the filling material, clay and till were 2,1ˑ10-4 m/s, 5,7ˑ10-7 m/s and 3,9ˑ10-5 m/s respectively. A sensitivity analysis was then performed in order to examine how the values of hydraulic conductivity and groundwater recharge would affect the model results. Simulations with the calibrated model showed that the groundwater generally moves from the western parts of the area towards Pjältån and Loddbyviken in the north and east. However, it moves around the areas where the impermeable bedrock is close to the ground surface. Changes in the water level of Loddbyviken proved to have some effect on the amount of water in the system, but they did not entail a greater influence on the groundwater movement pathways in the area. The sensitivity analysis showed that the model was very sensitive regarding the groundwater recharge and the hydraulic conductivity for the till. A very low conductivity of clay turned out to lead to some modeling difficulties and the conductivity of the filling material showed to only have a small effect on the result.
Edvinsson, Johan. "Grundvattenmodellering och föroreningstransport av PFOS i Bredåkradeltat." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118990.
Texto completoFrida, Hammar. "Norrvattens reservvattentäkt i Märsta : grundvattenmodellering av försök med konstgjord grundvattenbildning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225291.
Texto completoNorrvatten is a municipal council which produces and distributes water to the northeastern part of Stockholm. Norrvatten has four groundwater treatment plants that could work as backups in case one of their pipelines break or their current surface water resource, Mälaren, gets contaminated. Norrvatten has set a goal to be able to replace Mälaren for up to one month if needed. However, neither of their four backup groundwater resources, in the current state, would be able to meet that demand. Field studies and analysis of data from existing drilling wells showed that using infiltration as artificial groundwater recharge would be a suitable solution of the limited water supply. The groundwater supply in Märsta which is one of Norrvatten’s reserve water supplies was considered to be a good location to start the infiltration tests at. The purpose of this study is to serve as a forecast for future field studies of pumping and infiltrations tests. Groundwater modelling was used to see how the groundwater supply responds to potential infiltration and extractions by simulating different withdrawals and infiltration scenarios. The groundwater divide, groundwater recharge, soil and rock strata, material properties and groundwater flow were described in a conceptual model. A mathematical model was then created based on the conceptual model. The program used for simulating the different scenarios was Feflow 6.1. A generic soil strata with 6 layers was assigned to the model with a rock layer with low water permeability as the bottom layer. Height data was obtained from The Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority (Lantmäteriet) and used to create the surface of the ground. The surface of the rock layer was created from information about elevations of the rock above surface level and information from drilling wells of depth to rock surface. The boundary conditions assigned to the model were no flow across the whole outer boundary and a head-dependent flow boundary condition along the bottom of lake Fysingen. The model was calibrated with some measured ground water levels in the area. At first the calibration was performed assuming steady state and then for transient conditions with data from previous pumping tests. Three different scenarios were simulated in the model, chosen with the purpose to give a significant contribution to the total amount of water that Norrvatten requires during one month. The scenarios were; a withdrawal of 100L/s without infiltration, withdrawal and infiltration of 150L/s and withdrawal and infiltration of 300L/s. The simulated result showed that a withdrawal of 100 L/s during one month without infiltration would probably have a negative impact on the quality of the groundwater when it comes to chloride and hardness of the water. However, withdrawal with 150 L/s or 300 L/s during one month seem to be possible if infiltration by the same amount of water is carried out in suitable places within the model area.
Johansson, Emelie. "Tvådimensionell grundvattenmodellering av påverkansområdet inför tunnelkonstruktion i Glömstadalen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360379.
Texto completoLandström, Carolin. "Hydraulisk och termisk grundvattenmodellering av ett geoenergilager i Stockholmsåsen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234325.
Texto completoHedenborg, Amanda. "Grundvattenmodellering och föroreningstransport från en rullstensås med artificiell grundvattenbildning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-159889.
Texto completoPalmgren, Rikard. "Numerisk grundvattenmodellering och föroreningsanalys av PFAS-ämnen i anslutning till nedlagd brandövningsverksamhet i Bodens kommun." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-399028.
Texto completoPoly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is the collective name for a large group of organic chemicals which in the past decade have gained global attention due to their frequent occurence within the aquatic environment, wildlife and humans. All PFAS that occur in the environment are man-made and have been industrially created and used for over 60 years. Due to their physical and chemical stability and surface active attributes, PFAS are coveted within an array of industrial and commercial products, such as film-forming fire foam to water, dirt and grease-repellent coatings. The many possibilities to use PFAS have led to environmental emissions, either through direct sources (~80%) like manufacturing and application of PFAS-containing products, or indirect sources (~20%), through decomposition and transport of precursors. Within the PFAS-family, perfluoroctanesulfonat (PFOS) and perfluoroctaneacid (PFOA) are the most well-known and studied chemicals which have gained particular attention due to their persistence and high frequency in the environment, in turn leading them to be easily detected in humans and animals globally. PFOS and PFOA have further shown bioaccumulative and toxic traits and have thus increased the regulatory interest in the chemicals in questions of environmental and human health. Measures have therefore been taken on national, regional and global levels to restrict the use and dispersion of selected PFAS-substances affiliated with negative effects. One of the contamination issues to have gained most attention in Sweden is the emission of film-forming fire foam from fire drill locations. The PFAS-containing foam has been used throughout the country for practicing extinguishing fires related to class B: liquid fires, and has been predominantly used by military, airports and industries. As a consequence from the multi decennial use and uncontrolled emissions, the PFAS concentration, mainly PFOS and PFOA, has been measured to be highest in connection with the exercise sites. The substances mobility and high water solubility has increased the risk for their transportation to nearby areas and they may through rainfall infiltrate the ground to potentially reach the groundwater where they risk contaminating nearby groundwater sources. In Sweden, contaminated PFAS-areas are a particularly debatable issue, as about 50% of Swedish drinking water comes from groundwater-related water sources and for that reason, they have increased the general concern for human exposure. Several examples of PFAS-rich drinking water in Swedish households have been found in municipalities as Botkyrka, Halmstad, Ronneby and Uppsala and have in some cases been so high that related water resources have been withdrawn. Even if the intake of drinking water containing large quantities of PFAS substances is not considered to give rise to acute health effects, awareness of the long-term effects of exposure to PFAS is still very limited. A number of experimental and epidemiological studies focusing on PFOS and PFOA, on the other hand, have documented that both high and low doses of the substances can cause a number of adverse health effects. More recently, regulations on legislation for PFAS have reduced the scope of application, preferably for PFOS, but in accordance with this, products such as PFOS-containing fire foams have been substituted with other PFAS which have continued to be used at fire drill locations in Sweden. Continuous emissions of PFAS at these sites are thus still an up-to-date and forthcoming issue, as the substances - together with already existing pollutants - will remain for a long time to come. There are therefore reasons to limit the use further, but due to the lack of data for most PFAS pollutants, there is currently no benchmark value issued by the EU for PFAS other than PFOS. However, the National Food Agency has issued limit values based on the presence of 11 PFAS substances (PFBS, PFHxS, 6:2 FTSA, PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFOA och PFOS) with an action threshold of 90 ng·L-1and a health-based limit value for 900 ng·L-1. The values should give an indication that levels of PFAS which are larger in scope than the recommendation are too high and that measures should be taken to minimize the risk of spreading and unhealthy exposure to humans. For this reason, fire drill locations using fire-containing foam containing PFAS in Sweden are a high priority for mapping PFAS distribution in the country and identifying potential areas that are at risk of being affected by the spread of the pollutants in soil and water. As a result, two closed fire drill locations in Boden municipality - as part of a nationwide survey - have been investigated with regard to the fire extinguishing foam that has historically been used and caused pollution in the area. The PFAS-based fire foam is assumed to have had historical application to two exercise sites that operated between 1940 – 1985 and 1987 – 2005, respectively. In 2016, an environmental technical soil survey was carried out with regard to the presumed PFAS occurrence for the area. The investigation was based on sampling of soil and groundwater at four and eight different points respectively, centered around the two fire drill locations, and the results showed that the current contamination in the area was clearly noticeable and that the levels were higher than the Swedish Food Agency's recommended action threshold. Findings of PFOS that exceeded SGI's preliminary target value in groundwater (45 ng·L-1) and in soil (10 µg/kgTS) were also measured in connection with the two fire drill sites, which increased the interest in broadening the mapping of the current pollution situation with the aim of creating a better understanding of the extent of the pollution and potential spreading potential. Because the knowledge of the groundwater flow direction is limited, a hydrogeological model over the fire drill location can lead to a better understanding of the groundwater flow direction and thus the possible spreading direction of the present PFAS substances. The model can also be used as a tool for calculating the time required for the potential of the pollutants to affect the nearest protection object and thereby estimate and prevent the risks for human exposure in the area at the conceivable start of construction work in the now discontinued area. The results from the groundwater modelling showed that the groundwater from the fire drill areas in the upper groundwater reservoir moves in a northwesterly to northeasterly direction, but also towards the Lule River. In the lower groundwater reservoir, the water moves to the northwest and towards the Lule River. The contamination transport showed that PFOS tends to move toward the Lule River in a southwesterly direction. The transport time of PFOS from the fire training sites to the Lule River was estimated with MODPATH to 6 and 7 years respectively for the calibrated model and area 13/24. Visualization of the PFOS plume with MT3DMS showed that it takes about 100 years for the substances to reach the Lule River.
Hansson, Anton. "Modellering av föroreningspridning från dagvatten till grundvatten : En studie av Norrvattens reservvattentäkt i Hammarbymagasinet, Upplands Väsby kommun." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284340.
Texto completoThe aim of the study was to investigate how stormwater infiltration effected the groundwater quality in an aquifer placed north of Stockholm and used as an emergency water supply by the local federation Norrvatten. Therefore, it is essential that stormwater infiltration do not endanger the ability of the aquifer to be used as water supply. The studied infiltration plant contains of two pipes and is placed around 2,5 km away from the extraction wells used by Norrvatten. The contaminants that was studied were lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury, PFAS, oil, PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and benso(a)pyrene. For each contaminant, a limit of the concentration in the groundwater was set based on Swedish environmental norms (MKN), regulations of drinking water or internal limits by Norrvatten. The first step in the process was to estimate the pollution concentration in the stormwater reaching the infiltration plant. This was made by using the database of the company StormTac which contains of several measurements from different land uses. The pollution concentration was estimated in different ways, in one case the pre-defined standard concentrations were used. Then a generator was used that picked one measurement from the database and then 500 simulations were performed. Also, the measurements were transformed into a normal distribution. From both these methods the 90-percentile was calculated and used to estimate the pollution concentrations. This contributes to a more conservative way of estimating the concentrations than using the standard concentrations defined in the database. The transportation through the vadose zone was calculated using a one-dimensional analytic equation which included advection, dispersion, and sorption. The sorption was based on Kd- and KOC-values from literature. This calculation aimed to estimate the time it takes for the contaminants to reach the groundwater level and when the concentration there was stabilized. Another analytical model was used to estimate the further spreading in the groundwater zone. This model included mixture with fresh groundwater upstream. The model calculates the maximum concentration that can occur at a distance downstream from the infiltration. The concentration at 20, 50, 100 and 200 meters downstream was calculated with this model and compared with the defined concentration limits. The last step in modelling the spreading of pollution was particle tracking in a groundwater model in the software FeFlow from DHI. Particles were released at the place of infiltration and then forward particle tracking were made using Random-Walk, in the model advection and dispersion was included. From the results approximate travel times to the wells could be decided. From the results in the study the concentration of oil gives most rise to concern. The concentration heavily exceeds the limit in groundwater at all the four distances. However, purification with oil separator has not been included in the study and the concentration in the infiltrated stormwater most probably considerably lower than the used value. Some local quality problems appear for lead, mercury, PAH and benso(a)pyrene at a maximum distance of 100 meter downstream of the infiltration plant. Of course, attention must also be payed to other sources of contamination which has not been included in this work
Inkapööl, Julia. "Framtagande av platsspecifik grundvattenmodell samt modellering av klorerade lösningsmedels spridning i grundvatten kring industritomt : – Utvärdering av nuvarande samt framtida föroreningssituation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328633.
Texto completoHargelius, Malcolm. "Modellering och analys av grundvattenflödet i en byggnads grundläggning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339539.
Texto completoMost of Sweden’s older buildings constructed in clay rich areas are founded on wood poles. The poles are used to build the constructions in areas with soils without satisfying stability, such e.g. clay soils, where the poles are used as the “stable ground” where the building are founded upon. One of the problems with wood poles are that to prevent the wood from rotting the poles must be covered with water, to make an oxygen free environment. The problems start first when the water levels start to decrease due to dewatering or if the water is contaminated with bacteria from e.g. leaky sewer pipes. The contamination leads to decomposing of the wood, which affect the stability of the poles negatively. To prevent the leaky aquifers many houses, have water supply by wells where water is added to the aquifer to keep the water at stable levels. In Uppsala, Sweden an apartment building founded on wood poles have this problems with a contaminated and leaky aquifer. The reason to the contamination was an old sewer pipe that start leaking due to subsidence of the clay below the house. The dewatering of the aquifer was detected in 2016 when the water supply to the aquifer increased from 10th of cubic meters per year to 10th of cubic meters per day. In an attempt to find out what the reason to the high discharge from the aquifer a groundwater model was constructed to modelling the groundwater flows below the building. To modeling this problem the software Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) and MODFLOW was used. By construct a 3D grid of cells in the same dimensions as the building divided in to three different layers it was possible to simulating the groundwater flow through the aquifer. The way we did it was by knowing that as part of the foundation there was “channels” filled with gavel above the poles. The hypothesis was that the water was flowing through this high hydraulic conductivity “gravel channels” and there for we used the model to performed calculations of the hydraulic conductivity in the channels and the areas around the channels. The results told us that there were high conductivity zones in the south west part of the building. After the calculation of the conductivity, a test was performed, where the water supply where turned off and the decrease of the water levels was measured. By using this calculated hydraulic conductivity and the observed levels from the water supply test we let the model calculate the change of water level during the whole-time series. The results told us that there was a possible groundwater flow to the sought west and that some sort of threshold in the channel prevented the water to sink below a curtain limit of 7.65 meter.
Adrian, Lindqvist. "Koppling av grundvattenmodell och jordmodell med en geoteknisk sättningsmodell." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294150.
Texto completoFrom a construction engineering point of view groundwater drawdown in a confined aquifer can result in ground subsidence that can damage buildings and constructions. The connection between hydrogeology and soil mechanics is clear, however when estimating ground settlement as a result of groundwater drawdown the estimations are often rough. This is due to that settlement is traditionally calculated with methods that only allow calculations in single points where geotechnical data is estimated. Areas between these points are often left out of the calculations. Groundwater drawdown is seldom simulated with acknowledged software programs like Modflow when estimating groundwater lowering and the affected area.This study combines a groundwater model simulated in Modflow and a soil strata model, interpolated with Kriging, with settlement calculations. This ends up as a an integrated soil settlement model which has the purpose to generate overview maps over areas that are sensitive to settlement as a result of ground water lowering. The integrated model is programmed in Octave for this study. The model is then tested with a case study that uses data from a real construction project in the area of Mälardalen. A hypothetical case of ground water lowering is simulated for the case study. Fundamental hydro-geological theory is used to estimate loads and effective stresses from the lowering of the water table.The result from the integrated model has been validated against calculations of settlement in the software Geosuite Settlement which is an acknowledged method for settlement calculations. This shows that the integrated model calculates settlement with great precision. The modeled initial ground water table is compared with a kriginginterpolated groundwater table which is based on data from ground water pipes in the area. Based on the comparison the initial ground water conditions simulated in Modflow are accepted. This simulated ground water model has the soil model and also a water balance integrated.The results from the case study show that unexpectedly large ground settlements can occur even far from the source of the ground water lowering.For the case study three different soil models are used, both in the ground water model and in the integrated model. The soil models differ in a way that they are based on different amounts of data from which the kriging interpolation is done. The purpose for this is to investigate what effects this might have on the ground water model and the integrated model respectively. The results from these different simulations show insignificantly small differences.
Thelander, Frida. "Modellering av grundvattennivåni samband med tunnelbyggnation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-450033.
Texto completoSvenska kraftnät excavates a 13.4 km long tunnel in the rock below Stockholm. Whencompleted, it will strengthen and replace parts of Stockholm’s electricity grid. When theleakage to the tunnel was high, the groundwater level did not drop as much as expected.When the groundwater drops, it is where and how much that is the problem and notthe actual leakage to the tunnel. The purpose of the report was to investigate toolsfor forecasting groundwater subsidence and to try to understand which the importantparameters are for creating a reliable model. It was also investigated why the groundwaterlevel in the moraine above the rock tunnel drops over a large area. A model was set upwith several layers in the soil and rock with different conductivity. Weaker zones werealso added to the bedrock to provide higher conductivity locally along them. The modelwas also given several areas with special features to mimic reality. A groundwater surfacewas first modeled in a reference model that was calibrated using groundwater wells in thearea. The tunnel was then added to the model using measured leakage to calculate a newgroundwater surface. The groundwater surface from the reference model was comparedwith that from the model with the tunnel to obtain the groundwater lowering. The modelshowed a large local reduction of the groundwater level where there was more stable rock,while where weaker zones crossed the tunnel the reduction was more spread out along theweaker zone.There are several ways to adress problems with. To be able to use analytical equations,large simplifications are required, which can be good in an initial stage to get a betterpicture of the problem relatively easily. However, to get a more detailed view of theproblem, other models are required. In a model, many parameters are required and somemay be more important than others. In this report, certain parts of the geology werejudged to be most important, such as where there are thick soil layers, the conductivity ofthe rock and where the weaker zones are in the bedrock. The reason why the groundwaterlevel around Svenska kraftnät’s tunnel falls over a large area may be the zones of weaknessin the rock.
Eriksson, Stefan. "Jämförande studie av två parameterskattningsmetoder i ett grundvattenmagasin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-199768.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to establish a groundwater model of the Enköping eskerusing MODFLOW simulation and then estimate groundwater parameters with themodel-independent program PEST. In parallel, a pump test evaluation of theseparameters where type curves are fitted to a previously performed pump test of theaquifer is done to estimate the aquifer parameters. Eventually, these two methods arecompared. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the groundwater model is performed totry to locate additional measurement points.The groundwater model was built for the Enköping esker in and around Enköping. Theesker is located in the north-south direction and just south of Enköpings central partswhere Enköpingsån crosses the esker. There is uncertainty regarding the water balanceof the aquifer and where the esker recharges its water from. Enköping esker serves asthe main water source in Enköping city and this is why it is considered important toinvestigate.The groundwater model was constructed primarily by using already collected data fromgeotechnical, geophysical and hydrogeological studies conducted in the area as well asdata from the SGU and SMHI. The data on the area's composition and structure as wellas its external conditions is taken to create a numerical model in MODFLOW.The results show consistent outcomes between parameter estimates made withMODFLOW/PEST and the pump test evaluation.The results made with MODFLOW makes it possible to do further analysis. Resultsshow large model uncertainties around Enköpingsån and the esker is dependent onwater supplied from either the groundwater aquifer’s lateral parts or Enköpingsån. Thesensitivity analysis also suggests that further studies of the hydrogeological conditionsshould be concentrated to Enköpingsån’s sediments and its water penetration capacity.
Andersson, Magnus. "Ökad grundvattenbildning genom pumpning av salt grundvatten från berggrunden på Gotland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391650.
Texto completoBecause of an increased shortage and an increased demand of fresh water on Gotland, the possibility to pump saline groundwater and thereby locally lower the saltwater interface and increase recharge was investigated. With the saltwater interface further down in the bedrock, deeper wells could be drilled and extraction of more fresh water would therefore be possible. To examine the concept, a groundwater model was created to simulate the idea on a region of the peninsula Sudret on the southern part of the island of Gotland, Sweden. To be able to simulate the idea of pumping groundwater in an aquifer with a mix of saline and fresh groundwater of variable density, a model was built using the groundwater modelling program GMS in combination with the modules/program codes MODFLOW, MT3DMS and SEAWAT. With these modules, the model can handle the complex situation with extraction by pumping from groundwater of variable density and changes of salt concentration over time. A three dimensional geological model over the area produced by SGU was used as a foundation for building the model. Since no site specific surveys considering groundwater levels and flow/dispersion parameters have been previously undertaken in the study area, the parameters of the model were chosen according to literature and findings from similar projects conducted in the past. First, a model was developed to simulate a stable saltwater interface without pumps. Parameters were changed until a groundwater level close to the surface of the model was given and the saltwater interface ended up around the transition between limestone and sandstone. When the model generated desirable results, it was further developed to include the extraction of saltwater by pumping. Results from the project showed that the concept of lowering the saltwater interface by pumping works, with an increased recharge corresponding to 55 % of the extracted saltwater volume. Because of a lack of site specific parameters, the results should not be seen as more than an indication that the concept works. Furthermore, geohydrological measures should be made to provide local parameters regarding flow and dispersion for more reliable future models. To gain a greater understanding of how well the concept would work in reality, further development should be undertaken to include fresh groundwater extraction to assess how that would affect the position of the saltwater interface.
Uhlin, Amanda, and Isabelle Hajek. "Assessment of the water storage potential at Lake Mjölhatteträsk on Storsudret, Gotland." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273294.
Texto completoGotland har under de senaste åren lidit utav vattenbrist under somrarna och på grund av klimatförändringarna är det möjligt att vattenbristen kan komma att öka i framtiden. För att hitta en lösning har Svenska Miljöinstitutet (IVL) och region Gotland fått i uppgift att anlägga en testbädd på Storsudret på södra Gotland, där olika hållbara lösningar ska testas. En möjlig lösning är att höja vattennivån i sjön Mjölhatteträsk på Storsudret för att på så vis kunna lagra mer vatten. Den här masteruppsatsen har fokuserat på hur sjöns vattenbalans ser ut för att förstå om det är möjligt att lagra mer vatten i sjön och hur stora områden som skulle bli översvämmade vid en ökning av vattennivån. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av en kombination av fältstudier med geofysiska mätningar, hydrauliska tester, vattendjupmätningar och flödesmätningar tillsammans med digitala databaser från Lantmäteriet och Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning (SGU) samt modellering med verktygen MIKE SHE och MIKE HYDRO River som skapats av DHI och även GIS. Resultatet för den här masteruppsatsen visade att det finns ett mycket tunt jordlager med eventuellt högt ler och silt innehåll väster om sjön. Vid botten av sjön finns ett tjockt lerlager som minskar den hydrauliska förbindelsen mellan sjön och omgivningen. Potentialen att lagra och utvinna vatten i sandlagret i väst är därmed liten. Däremot finns det potential att producera tillräckligt med vatten i sjön för att kunna uppfylla vattenbehovet på Storsudret, enligt modellen skapad i MIKE SHE. Detta skulle innebära en dam vid en föreslagen punkt vid utflödet som har en höjd på 0.12 m.
Bjälkefur, Seroka Sofia. "Föroreningsspridning runt en deponi i Uppsala : Dataanalys och modellering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377903.
Texto completoLandfills are globally the most common waste treatment method but in Sweden the method is since 2001 used only for waste that cannot be reused in any way. Before 2001, almost any type of waste could be landfilled. Today a landfill is used as a final storage and old landfills are capped to minimize infiltration and contaminant transport. A capping consists of several layers which together seal and drain the landfill surface. Storing waste in a capped landfill is considered an environmentally hazardous activity, therefore it is of great interest to monitor the surrounding groundwater during and after capping to make sure that any contaminant concentrations decreases. At Hovgården waste treatment plant in Uppsala, Sweden, a landfill used since 1971 was capped during 2018. Elevated contaminant concentrations have been measured in two monitoring wells close to the landfill after the capping procedure started. The aim of this master thesis was to increase the understanding of trends in contaminant concentrations and to investigate how capping affects groundwater levels and concentrations. Concentration data were compiled and statistical tools in R were used to analyze trends. Additionally, a groundwater model of the area was created in MODFLOW and MT3DMS. The model was used to simulate different steady state scenarios with and without chloride transport. Twelve of 33 analyzed substances and parameters show a statistically significant increase. These are alkalinity, electrical conductance, sulphate, chloride, calcium, sodium, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, strontium, barium and nitrate. Six show a decrease, these are pH, cadmium, zinc, mercury, lead and arsenic. The groundwater model indicates that the groundwater flow in the landfill is directed towards the rest of the waste treatment plant except for two places where leakage occurs: the southwest and southeast corners of the landfill. The capping results in lower groundwater levels and an altered groundwater divide, which will reduce the contaminant leakage, particularly in the southwest part. Model simulations with varying recharge and chloride concentrations showed that the increase in chloride levels cannot be explained with only decreased infiltration combined with increased concentrations. Therefore, the explanation is assumed to be other physical processes and possibly chemical reactions due to or at the same time as the capping. The model parameters that effected the simulated concentrations to the greatest extent are the conductances in drains, and the hydraulic conductivity of the till soil.
Hummel, Angelica. "Skattning av den integrerade hydrauliska konduktivitetens variation kring Tunåsens infiltrationsanläggning : En utredning av påverkan från möjliga osäkerheter i befintlig information." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224381.
Texto completoSkattning av den integrerade hydrauliska konduktivitetens variation kring Tunåsens infiltrationsanläggning - En utredning av påverkan från möjliga osäkerheter i befintlig information I Sverige utgörs nästan hälften av den totala dricksvattenvolymen av grundvatten. Den största delen av grundvattnet utvinns ur rullstensåsar, vilka i vissa fall tillåter mycket stora uttag. Trots detta är grundvattenvolymen på vissa håll inte tillräcklig. Detta har lett till att den naturliga grundvattenmängden i sex procent av landets grundvattentäkter kompletteras genom konstgjord infiltration. I Uppsala sker konstgjord infiltration på fyra platser, där Tunåsens infiltrationsanläggning belägen på Uppsalaåsen är den största. För Tunåsen såväl som för andra områden där konstgjord infiltration används, är det av stor betydelse att det infiltrerade vattnet har en tillräckligt lång transporttid mellan infiltrations- och uttagspunkt för att möjliggöra att det får grundvattenliknande egenskaper innan det pumpas upp. Ett sätt att uppskatta denna transporttid är genom att modellera grundvattenflödet i området mellan infiltrationsanläggningen och den eller de grundvattentäkter där vattnet pumpas upp. Till följd av att grundvattenströmningen i rullstensåsar ofta är komplex, ställer dock en modellering av ett sådant område stora krav på både kvalitet och upplösning hos den information från vilken modellen byggs upp. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att dokumentera variationen i en skattad integrerad horisontell hydraulisk konduktivitet och utvärdera hur denna påverkades av osäkerheter relaterade till den idag befintliga informationen för området mellan Tunåsens infiltrationsanläggning och Storvads respektive Galgbackens grundvattentäkt. Detta gjordes som en förstudie till Uppsala vatten och avfall ABs kommande arbete med upprättandet av en noggrann modell över hela Uppsala- och Vattholmaåsen. Arbetet började med en litteraturstudie och en informationsinsamling, genom vilka den idag tillgängliga informationen sammanställdes. Utifrån den sammanställda informationen beräknades sedan värden på hydraulisk konduktivitet baserat på beskrivningarna i de upprättade lagerföljderna och baserat på information från tidigare utförda siktanalyser. De beräknade värdena jämfördes därefter med värden framtagna genom en överslagsberäkning baserad på information om grundvattenflöde och hydraulisk gradient. Sammanställningen av befintlig information visade på att de mest betydande osäkerheterna var relaterade till jordlagerdata, där de kunde kopplas till såväl användandet av olika beskrivningssätt i lagerföljderna som till brister i informationen om verklig kornstorleksfördelning. Skattningarna av integrerad horisontell hydraulisk konduktivitet resulterade i störst variation när de baserades på jordlagerföljderna, då det högsta värdet i många fall var 107 gånger så stort som det lägsta. De beräkningar som utfördes på siktanalyser visade på en mer begränsad variation, vilket även var fallet för överslagsberäkningarna. Utan mätningar på den verkliga hydrauliska konduktiviteten går det dock inte att säkert avgöra hur mycket de funna osäkerheterna påverkar variationen. Inför utvecklingen av den kommande modellen är det därför nödvändigt att komplettera den idag befintliga informationen med ny data, till exempel genom att provpumpningar utförs.
Jarmander, Anna. "Modellering av grundvattendynamiken och transport av löst organisk kol i Uppsalaåsen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447876.
Texto completoI Uppsala är Uppsalaåsen central för vattenförsörjningen då den förser staden med rent dricksvatten året om. De senaste åren har det observerats en oroväckande ökande trend av halten löst organisk kol (DOC) i grundvattnet. Med ett ökande dricksvattenbehov finns det även planer på att öka den konstgjorda grundvattenbildningen vilket riskerat att öka halterna ännu mer. Examensarbetets syfte var att återskapa grundvattendynamiken med en modell och öka förståelsen för transport av organisk kol i Uppsalaåsen och därefter prediktera möjliga konsekvenser av ökad infiltration. Projektet ämnade dessutom att undersöka om det i framtiden finns en risk att gränsvärdet för organiskt kol i Uppsalas dricksvatten överskrids. I projektet användes modellkoden MODFLOW tillsammans med GMS för att skapa en förenklad, tredimensionell grundvattenmodell. Modelldomänet var en avgränsad del av Uppsalaåsen från Tunåsens infiltrationsanläggning till Galgbackens uttagsområde. Inledningsvis upprättades en konceptuell modell i GMS som sedan konverterades till en numerisk steady-state modell. Modellen kalibrerades efter uppmätta grundvattennivåer och efter tidigare känd transporttid för sträckan Tunåsen – Galbacken. Därefter utfördes simuleringar för fyra scenarion, 0, A, B och C, med varierande infiltration och uttag. För varje scenario utfördes sedan simuleringar med tre olika koncentrationer av halten löst organiskt material i infiltrationsvattnet; 7, 15 och 30 mg/L. I modellen togs det ej hänsyn till någon nedbrytning av DOC, tillskillnad från den nedbrytning på 50 % som har observerats i åsen. Resultatet visade att det är möjligt att återskapa den grundvattendynamik som observerats inom modelldomänet med en förenklad modell. För de olika scenariona visade resultaten att transporttiden minskar med ökad infiltration och ett ökat uttag. I förhållande till scenario 0 visade resultaten på en procentuell minskning av transporttiden på 24, 28 och 60 % för respektive scenario A, B och C. Den kortaste transporttiden erhölls således i scenario C på 183 dagar, jämfört med 293 dagar i scenario 0. Resultaten som erhölls visade även att transporttiden är den dominerande faktorn som påverkar det organiska materialets transportsträcka. Slutligen visade resultatet att det finns en risk att halten av organiskt material överstiger Livsmedelverkets gränsvärde för dricksvatten om koncentrationen av DOC i infiltrationsvattnet är hög i kombination med en kort transporttid.
Sigfridson, Marcus. "Skyddsinfiltrationens influensområde för en fallstudie : - modellering och osäkerheter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390702.
Texto completoTo evaluate the area of influence due to artificial infiltration several analytical models are available. Some of the parameters taken into account by these models are the hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient, but with these models some assumptions, which in reality cannot be fulfilled, are made. An alternative approach to evaluate the area of influence is therefore with numerical models, which in a greater extent account for the site-specific conditions. Due to this, numerical models are more time consuming and require more input data. This project aims to investigate the most effective approaches to evaluate the area of influence due to artificial infiltration for a case study in Bromsten, located 15 kilometers northwest of Stockholm. Two numerical models, with different background data due to the extent of site knowledge, were developed to represent the site's geological settings and groundwater properties to simulate the groundwaterlevels with and without infiltration. Moreover the area of influence were calculated with four analytical models. All of the models were then applied on four different scenarios, in which the data resolution and the site knowledge increased. Site-specific data was added as a result of geological surveys and hydrogeological tests. The study also aims to answer which data is most important in order to determine the area of influence with analytical and numerical models and what differences there are between the analytical solutions compared with the numerical solutions. Among the methods investigated, constructing a more complex model with data from scenario 4, the scenario with the greatest data supply, resulted in the most reliable results and was therefore the best method and the method to choose for this case-study. Other results indicated that the numerical models first of all are sensitive to the conductivity and that the more simpel numerical model is sensitive to the storage coefficient as well. The last result shows that this model does not reach the steady state conditions as observed in field, which highlights the importance of goetechnical investigation for the numerical models. Moreover none of the numerical models were sensitive to the specific yield. Among the analytical models the storage coefficient was the most important followed by the conductivity. For one of the analytical models (Sichardts formula) the conductivity was the most sensitive parameter. The thickness of the aquifer had no significant impact on the analytical models.
Thufvesson, Retzner Anders. "Påverkan av bergstunnel på ovanförliggande jordlager : Modellering av geologi, grundvattenmagasin och Kista Science City VA-tunnel." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381052.
Texto completoTo determine leakage into rock tunnels one can choose between a range of analytical models. Common to all analytical models is their inability to reflect complex hydrogeological settings and only taking into account hydraulic conductivity, dimensions of the tunnel and tunnel depth. In Stockholm, Sweden, a rock tunnel built in 2017 currently exceeds maximum allowed leakage which was derived from an analytical model. A model is developed to represent the site’s hydrogeological settings. The model is used to simulate groundwater levels with and without representation of the tunnel, the area of influence being the difference between the two. A Voronoi-cell unstructured grid is implemented in MODFLOW-USG to improve representation of complex geology and increase numerical stability. Geology is modeled using soil depth, bed rock surface and geotechnical investigations. Rock hydraulic conductivity is derived from a well archive. A second model is developed to represent geological fault zones and a connecting tunnel. The model verifies the positive relationship between magnitude of leakage and size of the zone of impact. Results also show an improved approximation of the zone of impact as compared to an earlier approximation derived from a simple water balance. The numerical models predicts a larger zone of impacts in some areas and a smaller zone of impact in other areas. Furthermore, the numerical model shows that a change in leakage of 0,01 l/min and m tunnel can alter the size of the zone of impact by about 19%. By comparing some of the most well-known analytical models to predict leakage it is found that the approximation can differ by a factor 3 using identical parameter values. To reflect the uncertainty in predicted leakage the author recommends simulating a numerical model with varying magnitudes of leakage. This will help in risk assessment and identify a site specific relationship between magnitude of leakage and area of influence.