Tesis sobre el tema "Guides d’onde"
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Starecki, Florent. "Epitaxie de LiYF4 dopé Pr3+ pour laser en guide d’onde". Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939199.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD thesis work is to develop visible compact laser sources based on rare earth doped fluoride waveguides. Firstly, the Judd-Ofelt theory for the praseodymium ion case had been investigated, and several interesting methods and results are shown. The main part of this work is about the growth of fluoride crystals, using the Czochralski technique to grow bulk crystals, and the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) to grow layers. This liquid phase epitaxy technique has been optimized to grow high quality fluoride layers. The first visible compact lasers were achieved from layers activated with Pr3+ and efficient infrared lasing was obtained using Tm3+. These results are promising for the integration of such waveguide lasers to more complex and integrated laser systems. These RGB devices could be pumped by GaN pumping sources to achieve efficient laser operation. Using the waveguide configuration, high repetition rates lasers in the infrared could be either achieved using Yb3+ or Tm3+ rare earths ions
Fevrier, Mickaël. "Couplage entre un guide d’onde diélectrique et un guide à plasmon de surface localisé : conception, fabrication et caractérisation". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112040/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work presents a theoretical, numerical and experimental study of the integration of a gold nanoparticle chain supporting "localized surface plasmon resonances" on a dielectric waveguide. The localized surface plasmon allows a sub-wavelength confinement of light which could lead to the achievement of ultra-compact optical components. However, the high level of optical losses restricts their application to short propagating distances unlike dielectric waveguides. A judicious combination of both types of guides should therefore allow taking profit of their respective advantages. Firstly, we have theoretically studied the properties of nanoparticles chains using an analytical model that we have developed following the coupled dipoles approximation. This has helped us to determine the shape and size of nanoparticles, which have been further used in a FDTD software, to simulate the coupling between the chain and the dielectric waveguide (SOI or Si3N4). Using this numerical study, we have deduced the geometries of structures to be fabricated. The realized structures have been characterized using a spectrally resolved transmission set-up, built during this thesis, and an optical near field measurement set-up (collaboration LNIO Troyes). For the first time, we have experimentally shown the properties of short nanoparticle chains integrated on a SOI waveguide as well as the existence of a coupled waveguide phenomenon between long nanoparticle chains and SOI waveguides. A record value has been obtained for the coupling constant at telecom wavelengths (near infrared). The light energy carried by the TE mode of the SOI waveguide can be completely transferred into the plasmonic waveguide via the first 4 or 5 nanoparticles of the chain, which means a distance of less than 600 nm. We have also studied the properties of Bragg gratings based on localized surface plasmon. Experimental results from spectrally resolved transmission measurements have been compared to theoretical results obtained from an analytical model based on the point dipole approximation in quasi-static regime, on one hand, and using the coupled mode theory, on the other hand. This work opens the way for applications to optical tweezers, sensors or spasers, which will benefit from the integration of metal nanoparticles in photonic circuits
Jamadi, Omar. "Spectroscopie de condensats polaritoniques dans des microcavités et guides d’onde à base de GaN et ZnO". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC031/document.
Texto completoThis manuscript is devoted to polariton condensates in two wide band gap semiconductors: GaN and ZnO. The first part of this work focuses on the study by optical spectroscopy of two planar microcavities (one of GaN, the other of ZnO) sharing the same structure and the same photonic properties. The strong coupling and polariton lasing regime have been observed from 5 K to 300 K in both microcavities. The realization of phase diagrams has pointed out the inconstant impact of resonances with LO phonons on the lowering of the laser threshold. The study of the GaN microcavity has been pushed to 350 K and we have demonstrated, for the first time at this temperature, the persistence of the strong coupling regime and the polariton laser under optimal excitation conditions. The second part of this work is focused on ZnO waveguides. Besides the observation of strong coupling regime from 5 K to 300 K, our study has highlighted a new lasing effect in this geometry: the horizontal polariton laser
Roblin, Matthieu. "Modélisation numérique et imagerie optique en champ proche par rétro-injection laser de guides d’onde plasmoniques". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2063.
Texto completoThis thesis is focused on the theoretical and experimental study of plasmonic waveguides operating at a wavelength of 1. 55µm. Such plasmonic waveguides are investigated for optical interconnections with sub-wavelength lateral confinement. Several computational codes have been developed as predictive tools for the design of structures but also for systematic comparisons with experimental measurements. First, a 2D model based on multilayer approach was used to identify and characterize plasmonic modes on planar waveguides. A mode solver was also developed to determine the eigenmodes in plasmonic waveguides with various transverse shapes. Finally, these two codes have been re-used to implemente the optical source in a numerical model based on Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach. This final model was used to simulate numerically plasmonic structures both in 2D or 3D. Two categories of plasmonic waveguides have been processed by electron beam lithography. A scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) based on laser feedback interferometry has been used to observe experimentally the optical properties in these structures. The first waveguiding structures were based on metallic stripes, with propagation length up to few hundred of µm but at low lateral confinement. The second series of waveguiding structures was based on DLSPP consisting of a sub-wavelength polymer ridge deposited on a gold layer. Such DLSPP optical waveguides allow sub-wavelength lateral light confinement and are investigated as efficient interconnection between highly integrated electronic devices and optical links
Cracowski, Jean-Marc. "Synthèse et caractérisation de (co)polymères halogénés pour l’optique linéaire : application à la réalisation d’un guide d’onde". Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1024.pdf.
Texto completoThere is a great potential for the use of polymeric materials for communication systems and considerable interest has been focused on polymer waveguides because of their fabrication process at low temperature, their tunable optical and mechanical properties, and mass production possibility. Among the polymeric materials developed as potential waveguides, fluorinated polymers are of particular interest because of their unique properties. This work reports the synthesis and the characterization of halogenated acrylic (co)polymers. New acrylic monomers, alpha, beta-difluoroacrylic acid and hexachloroisopropyl alpha-fluoroacrylate, have been synthesized and their polymerization has been studied. Several series of copolymers have been obtained from alpha-fluoroacrylates, alpha-trifluoromethacrylates and a fluorinated vinyl ether leading to materials with an high Tg (> 110 °C), a good thermal stability (Td > 300 °C) and a broad range of refractive indices, in agreement with the aimed application. Finally, a poly(2,2,2-trichloroethyl alpha-fluoroacrylate) waveguide has been realized and its properties in terms of optical absorption and process have been studied
Parment, Frédéric. "Guides d’onde Intégrés au Substrat (SIW) multicouches à haute performance pour des circuits millimétriques à faible coût". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT077/document.
Texto completoThe substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, introduced in the early 2000s, has presently trigged a huge interest from academia to industry with the focus on the design and development of low-loss, compact, integrated, self-packaged and low-cost microwave and millimeter-wave circuits, antennas and systems. However, the classical metallic waveguide technology, which offers better performances such as lower insertion loss and higher power handling, has still been used in the design of microwave and millimeter-wave systems, despite its higher cost and bulky structure. To offer a highly integrated, further loss-reduced, low-cost alternative to the conventional waveguide and also to allow a wide-spread use of the millimeter-wave spectrum, this thesis research introduces a new SIW structure called Air-Filled SIW (AFSIW). This new structure has been theoretically and experimentally studied in details with a substantial amount of results. At millimeter wave frequencies, compared to the SIW topologies, the proposed AFSIW scheme exhibits a substantially lower insertion loss (three times, for example) and a much higher average power handling capability (four times, for example). Numerous AFSIW passive components have been investigated designed and demonstrated, which take advantages of the well-established multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication process. Couplers, phase shifters, power dividers, antennas and filters have been modeled, designed, prototyped and measured based on the introduced technology. Their performances have theoretically and experimentally been compared with their SIW counterparts to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed technology
Geoffray, Fabien. "Étude et réalisation par échange d’ions sur verre de guides d’onde à fort confinement pour des applications non-linéaires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENT008/document.
Texto completoGlass integrated optics is a key enabling technology which applications range from opticaltelecommunications to sensors. The steady improvement of devices performances is sustainedby an increasing functions density and thus smaller waveguides supporting higher powerdensities. In this work we investigate the ultimate performances in terms of confinementand propagation length of the silver/sodium ion-exchanged waveguides fabricated on glasstechnology. In particular, a trade-off between these two features has been highlighted inthe case of nonlinear effects. We then demonstrate that the performances of silver/sodiumion-exchanged waveguides are mainly limited by optical losses introduced by metallic silveraggregates even for buried low-losses waveguides. Hence the waveguides exhibit a damagethreshold for high power densities. To overcome this limitation a major technology changehas been initiate and we present the first results obtained by thallium/sodium ion exchange
Férachou, Denis. "Application des fibres creuses à cristal photonique pour la réalisation de résonateurs micro-ondes et de guides d’onde térahertz". Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6c8250cd-a5a5-4db6-bc7c-1c9ffc8bbfbf/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4042.pdf.
Texto completoThe domain terahertz (THz) is a little studied frequency range. The difficulty to generate and detect in this domain has long prevented its development compared to the optical domain (> 100 THz) and microwaves (<100 GHz). The study proposed in this thesis concerns the terahertz waveguides based on structural adaptation of hollow core optical fibers composed of a photonic crystal. The low losses it is possible to achieve with this kind of optical fibers have been demonstrated. The interest of this adaptation is to find the same advantages of such structures in THz. An introductive chapter provides more detail on the THz domain and the constraints of this area. A state of the art of THz waveguides and the THz time domain spectroscopy setup developed for the study of waveguides are presented. The second chapter is devoted to models developed to explain the optical confinement in fibers based on photonic crystals and the adaptation of these crystals to microwave and THz domains. The last chapter deals with the optimization and realization of microwave resonators and waveguides THz based on adapted photonic bandgap crystals
Cao, Lei. "Optimisation de la détection térahertz (THz) par plasmons bidimensionnels (2D) dans des hétérostructures et de la propagation THz dans des guides d’onde planaires". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112014/document.
Texto completoIn the THz frequency gap between electronics and optics, the development of compact, tunable, less costly and room temperature operating sources, detectors, amplifiers and passive devices is growing. Electronic devices based on two dimensional (2D) plasmons in heterostructures open up the possibility of tunable emission and detection of THz radiation. For short distance THz transmission, the increased radiation loss as well as other types of loss (dielectric and ohmic loss) may handicap the applications of conventional planar waveguides well studied in the microwave band. Reevaluation of their propagation properties and comprehension of the physical nature of each kind of loss are necessary.This work is divided into two main sections. The first part deals with the optimization of THz resonant detection by quasi 2D plasmons-polaritons (PP) in the quantum wells (QW) among four heterostructures: III-V (AlGaN/GaN, InAlN/GaN, AlGaAs/GaAs) and IV-IV (SiGe/Si/SiGe). With the aid of metallic grating coupler, both ANSOFT HFSS and an indigenously developed program are used to investigate quantitatively the influences of structural parameters (grating period, metal strip width and thickness of barrier layer) and natural properties of 2D plasmons (electron concentration and mobility) on the PP resonances (frequency and amplitude) up to 5 THz. Transmission spectra of sample AlGaN/GaN have been measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in 0.6-1.8 THz for various metal widths and at different temperatures to compare with the simulated results. At last, two types of modulated 2D electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs are analyzed. One is the natural electron variation below and between metal fingers due to the difference between the barrier height at the interface metal/semiconductor and Fermi level pinning at the interface air/semiconductor. The other type is the forced modulated 2DEG by biasing voltage on metal fingers. These two parametric studies allow us to analyze and tune the frequency and amplitude of the THz detection. The second part separately studies the dispersions and attenuations of four waveguides (CPW, Microstrip, Stripline and Slotline) with the variation of geometric dimensions and properties of dielectric and metal by ANSOFT HFSS and CST MWS. Their performances are compared until 1 THz based on the same characteristic impedance. The advantages and the limitations of each waveguide are outlined and an optimal THz transmission line is proposed. Furthermore, preliminary measured attenuation of CPW in the frequency range 340-500 GHz are demonstrated and compared with numerical results. The design of transitions for adapting experimental probes by HFSS and the de-embedding method for extracting scattering and attenuation parameters of CPW by ADS are also presented
Oukraou, Hassan. "Gradually detuned coupled waveguides for quantum-like robust light transfer and splitting". Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CSUP0007.
Texto completoThe propagation of optical waves in coupled waveguides can be described by the coupled-mode theory. This formalism is mathematically analogous to the one for the quantum dynamics of the population of coupled atomic states, which is described by the Schrödinger equation within the so called Rotating Wave Approximation (RWA). This analogy has been pointed out in recent years. It was applied to coupled waveguide systems with constant effective refractive indices, which are fully analogous to resonant coupled quantum systems. This work extends this kind of studies to optical systems possessing an additional control parameter: the longitudinal modulation of the waveguide propagation constants. This approach is analogous to quantum systems with time dependent non-resonant excitation. As the population transfer between atomic states can be controlled by means of the Rabi frequencies and the laser frequency detunings, the light transfer between coupled waveguides can be controlled by means of the coupling constants and the propagation constants.Several such analogies are studied and exploited in this thesis for the demonstration of robust (broadband) adiabatic light transfer and splitting. The first system is based on the recently introduced quantum process known as two-state STImulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (two-state STIRAP). This is implemented for the first time in classical optics with a set of two evanescently coupled waveguides with proper longitudinal modulation of the mode propagation constants and of the coupling coefficient between them. A broadband 50:50 beam splitter based on two-state STIRAP is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The experiments are performed using reconfigurable and tuneable waveguide structures that are optically induced by a lateral illumination technique of a nonlinear photorefractive crystal. This experimental platform provides versatile guiding structures that can be erased and reconfigured to test various systems depending on the considered analogy.A second quantum analogy based on the process of Rapid Adiabatic Passage (RAP) is theoretically studied and experimentally implemented for a set of two waveguides for which the longitudinally varying detuning crosses zero at half propagation distance. The modulation of the detuning and of the coupling constant provide a very robust and highly achromatic mechanism for full light transfer between the waveguides (broadband directional coupler). This is analogous to the RAP-based robust inversion of two-level quantum systems.The above RAP-like transfer applies to systems containing only two waveguides. It is also shown theoretically and numerically that the same functionality can be obtained in systems containing N waveguides with N>2. This relies on a technique called adiabatic elimination. It consists in the formal elimination of the N-2 internal waveguide(s) who reduces the system to an effective two-waveguide system where RAP can be applied. This is relevant because it permits a light transfer between the outer waveguides without excitation of the middle one(s). In contrast to the already known technique based on the conventional STIRAP process, the technique studied here works in a symmetric way and for an odd and even total number of guides N. Adiabatic elimination is achieved by a strong detuning between the two outer waveguides and the remaining one(s). It can be concluded that the analogies of all the classical optical systems studied in this work with corresponding non-resonant quantum systems and processes give powerful tools to design new broadband photonic structures. Moreover, the present studies can pave the way for dealing with future novel functionalities in nonlinear optical waveguide systems, which involve in a natural way a spatial light-intensity-dependent variation of the waveguide propagation constants and detuning
Zhang, Jingwen. "Système antennaire millimétrique actif bas coût basé sur la technologie guide d’onde intégré au substrat creux pour application de télécommunication satellite". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT002.
Texto completoWaveguide technology and printed circuit board (PCB) technology are two milestones in the engineering history of microwave technology. Waveguides are at the origin of different types of passive devices such as antennas or filters while PCB technology has made it possible to integrate today's active components such as amplifiers or mixers on very small volumes. Passive components based on waveguide technology have advantages such as low insertion losses, high power handling capability and auto-blind. Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology proposed in the early 2000s reduced the size of volume waveguides by combining two technologies: metallic waveguides and PCBs. It allows for relatively low insertion losses, auto-blind and small dimensions. The introduction of SIW technology simplifies the integration of passive waveguide-based devices with active PCB-based devices. To further optimize its performance, SIW technology has evolved with the introduction in 2014 of the air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW). The cavity placed inside the AFSIW significantly reduces dielectric losses. Since 2014, this technology has been applied to the design of various passive devices such as filters, antennas or phase shifters.These devices are individually designed on a single plane and their connections to each other to design a system, such as a radio frequency transmitter or receiver which requires the association of several components, is also done on the same plane. However, the multilayer structure of AFSIW offers new possibilities for designing these systems using its lower and upper layers. Components can be stacked and connected using vertical transitions. The work of this thesis exploits the multilayer structure of AFSIW to “verticalize” a system. The use of the lower and upper layers is studied on the one hand for the connection of the different components of a system and on the other hand for the design of components individually.For connecting different components, most of the transitions between SIW, AFSIW and various microstrip lines are made on the same plane but this significantly increases the circuit length. On the contrary, the transition between the AFSIW cavity and the micro strip line proposed in this thesis can be used to achieve the superposition of passive and active components on the vertical plane using the substrate of the upper layer of the AFSIW allowing to reduce the occupied volume.For designing individual components, the bottom and top layers of AFSIW are useful for making multi-cavity components such as high-order filters. The coupling between each cavity of a filter classically taking place on the same plane, as the order of the filter increases, its length also increases. The transition between stacked cavities proposed in this thesis offers another possibility for the design of such components in the case where the allocated horizontal space is insufficient.The overall objective of this thesis is to provide a new possibility for the spatial organization of a radio frequency transceiver. In order to provide a proof of concept, the design of an antenna is also proposed in this thesis leading to a system comprising the assembly: antenna, filter and amplifier. Each component is located on a different layer and the filter's resonant cavities are also positioned on different layers. Compared to the state of the art where the components are connected on the same horizontal plane, the results obtained demonstrate the possibility of connecting components vertically. These two approaches to connecting components (exploiting both the horizontal and vertical plane) thus offer more degrees of freedom for optimal use of 3D space, which is particularly critical for spatial communications due to occupied volume constraints at satellite level
Faure, Cédric. "Contrôle de la diffusion par des façades : cas des métasurfaces et des guides d'ondes ouverts inhomogènes". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1033/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to develop a scheme for controling the propagation of acoustic waves using heteregenous surfaces. Its results can be applied in the field of urban acoustic. The thesis is composed of two sections, each of them employing a different method. The first section focuses on controling the direction of a reflected wave, using a metasurface. The second concentrates on the influence of an inconsistent treatment to the side of an open waveguide on the wave joint and competitive effects of absorption, confinement and radiation. Part one provides experimental evidence that it is possible to conceal an object placed on a wall from an audible acoustic wave. To prove it, the thinest possible metasurface was constructed with Helmholtz resonators. The experimental results were compared to a numerical study realized with finite elements. This work was made in both temporal and frequency domains, allowing to point out the wide frequency characteristics of the metasurface. The numerical and experimental results show that the direction of a reflected wave can, indeed, be controled. Part two analyse the impact of a heterogeneous wall on the spreadinf of an acoustic wave in a street. Due to radiation losses, the street produces complex ways of propagation. The presence of a porous material on a waveguide‘ side deeply disrupt the spatial location of these waves, making them more or less fleeting. In particular, depending on the position of the material in the street, certain waves will be more confined to the inside of the street, radiating less towards the open external environment. They are consequently, less cushioned
Dieudonné, Belto. "Guides d’onde en verres et vitrocéramiques fluorés dopés terre rare élaborés par PVD pour l’émission dans le visible et la conversion de fréquence". Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1023/document.
Texto completoThe project joins in the development of miniaturized laser sources RGB for display and videoprojection, frequency conversion in solar cells.Fluoride glasses ZLAG ( ZrF4-LaF3-AlF3-GaF3) co-doped with rare earths were studied. This glass has a low phonon energy, a strong solubility of the rare earth ions and can be fabricated as thin films by PVD. It is also the precursor of transparent glass-ceramics. Similar emissions in both co-doped bulk and waveguides have been observed ; blue, orange, red emission for Pr3+-Yb3+ and blue, red emission for Tm3+-Yb3+. The RGB emission in bulk Tm3+-Er3+-Yb3+ tri-doped glass seems promising. Furthermore, the absorption cross section of Pr3+ and Yb3+ ions has been increased by 30% with the ceraming process.An energy transfer efficiency (ETE) of 92% has been obtained for co-doped glass with 0,5Pr3+-10Yb3+ for the conversion process of a blue photon into two infrared one
Girault, Pauline. "Micro-résonateurs intégrés pour des applications capteurs". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S144/document.
Texto completoMicro-resonators have become key element for integrated optical sensor because they offer the advantage of significantly minimizing the device size, which allows an easily integration on lab-on-chip and greatly reduces the amount of molecules to be detected. Moreover, micro-resonators are extremely sensitive to the effective index variation induced by the presence of molecules in the detection medium. The thesis focuses on two different materials: polymers and porous silicon. Firstly, polymers, easily implementable with a low cost fabrication, are used to validate the simulation tools developed for the study of micro-resonators characteristics in order to perform sensing application based on the detection by evanescence. Then, porous silicon is investigated in order to operate another type of detection, the detection by volume. The molecules to be detected and present in the medium detection infiltrate into the material and interact directly with the light. Using simulation tools and by adapting the photolithographic process used for polymers micro-resonators fabrication, the first micro-resonators based on porous silicon ridge waveguides are obtained and characterized. The work contained in this thesis demonstrate experimentally the possibility of sensing concentrations of glucose with a sensitivity of 600 nm/RIU, using volume detection, which is higher than the state of the art, for domains using the sensing and analysis of molecules (health, food industries, security and environment)
Colliard, Léo. "Structuration de fibres optiques par laser femtoseconde". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5047.
Texto completoIn a technological context of designing embedded photonic systems, structuring and functionalizing optical fibers on arbitrary scales appears as a major challenge. Among the existing technological platforms used for photonic components fabrication, femtosecond direct-laser-writing, via its capacity to locally and permanently modify transparent media at sub-micro scale, emerges as a suitable candidate for optical fiber structuring. To answer this stake, the aim of this thesis is twofold. First, a direct-laser-writing platform is developed to design meters-long distributed microstructures inside silica optical fibers. Second, another platform is settled to study laser-induced heating accumulation processes in nanoparticles-doped optical fibers in order to engineer the backscattering properties of such optical fibers.This manuscript sets forth, in the first instance, the involved physical phenomena during laser-glass interaction before describing the development for laser-writing platforms. Secondly, the design of distributed meters-long structure is approached through the study of the photoinduced refractive index modification inside various photosensitive optical fibers. The laser-written waveguides and their characteristics are featured as well as the evolution of these characteristics regarding the chemical composition of the fiber. Finally, the laser-induced heating mechanisms in the lanthanum nanoparticles-doped fiber are discussed. The behavior of these nanoparticles and the modification of their characteristics under laser irradiation pave the way to a local and reversible engineering of the backscattering properties of optical fibers
Kaïna, Nadège. "Métamatériaux localement résonants : cristaux photoniques et phononiques sub-longueur d'onde". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC113.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the control of the wave propagation at deep sub-wavelength scales in locally resonant metamaterials. Those composite media are composed of small resonators arranged on spatial scales much smaller than their typical wavelength at resonance. They are hence generally considered as homogeneous media and described with effective parameters. We here prove that, going beyond those homogenization approaches, the properties of most metamaterials can be reinterpreted at the light of a microscopic approach. The latter evidences that the wave propagation in metamaterials only results from phenomenon analog to what happens in photonic/phononic crystals: namely interferences and multiple scattering. We hence demonstrate that concepts developed for wave manipulation in photonic/phononic crystals can be transposed in metamaterials while taking advantage of the latter sub-wavelength spatial organization. For instance, locally modifying the medium, at the scale of the unit celé, creates cavities and waveguides confining and guiding waves on dimensions that are independent of the wavelength. We further study the possibility offered by those waveguides to both mold and slow down the flow of waves. We finally highlight the importance of the spatial subwavelength structuration of metamaterials due to the presence of multiple scattering. We prove that a so-called single negative metamaterial (presenting only one negative effective property) can be turned into a double negative one (hence presenting a negative index of refraction), simply by smartly organizing the building blocks of the metamaterial, at scales much smaller than the wavelength
Chateiller, Quentin. "Couplage cohérent de nanocavités optiques hydrides actives". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/CHATEILLER_Quentin_va2.pdf.
Texto completoIn a time where computing resources and telecommunications requirements are exploding all around the world, the microelectronics industry has undertook over the past decade a major turnaround in their course to keep answering to the emerging technological needs of our societies. One of the ways undertaken is based on integrated photonics, which in particular requires the development of robust and energy efficient light sources at the nanoscale, with advanced optical functionalities. In this thesis, we propose a new concept of laser source emitting at 1550 nm, based on a system composed with two identical active optical nanocavities made of photonic crystal, coupled evanescently to a common waveguide. The coupling phase is then directly controlled by their relative distance. This system is fabricated by bonding a heterostructure of quantum wells in III-V semiconductor on an optical silicon circuit, followed by an electronic lithography and an ICP etching. In the context of an identical pumping, we thus demonstrated theoretically and experimentally the existence of two symmetrical and anti-symmetrical coupled modes, characterized by a splitting both in losses and in energy. The existence of a dark mode has also been predicted, which blocks the emission in the waveguide at particular coupling phases. More generally, the emission characteristics of this system allow us to assimilate it to a single effective cavity, whose the laser properties are modulated by the coupling phase. These can in particular be improved near the dark mode. The general exploration of this system finally opens the way to many other studies, based for instance on the variation of the pumping configuration and / or the coupling configuration of these cavities. In this context, other effects were observed, such as a directional emission in the waveguide, and the cancelling of this emission related to the presence of an exceptional point
Khlifi, Soumaya. "Nanomatériaux hybrides luminescents à clusters de métaux de transition : synthèse, mise en forme et modulation des propriétés optiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S091.
Texto completoPhotoluminescent materials are playing a major role in applications related to photonics, optoelectronics or lighting. Combining them with polymers allows the design of easy-to-shape-functional materials with enhanced application versatility. Related to this, hybrid materials composed of an organic polymer matrix containing strongly luminescent octahedral metal clusters were prepared. Octahedral metal clusters have several advantages: a deep luminescence in the red and the near-IR region, a high quantum yield, a large Stokes shift and no photobleaching or photoblinking effects. As organic host matrices, PMMA and PDMS were used because of their optical and mechanical properties in addition to their thermal stability. However, a prerequisite for realizing hybrid materials is to homogeneously introduce the ceramic inorganic emitter in the organic polymer to avoid segregation-phase phenomena. For this purpose, several integration approaches were developed to prepare new hybrid materials. Meanwhile, spectroscopic analysis were performed on these hybrids demonstrating their huge potential. Actually, these hybrids were used to design a self-erasable inkless light-imprinting material when the hybrid is combined with an organic fluorophore, and 1D- and 2D-waveguides. The 1D-waveguides can be applied for integrated photonics while 2D-waveguides combined with liquid-crystals lead to a new luminescent PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) material for Luminescent Solar Concentrator technology
Gacemi, Djamal Eddine. "Étude expérimentale et simulation des modes électromagnétiques se propageant sur des guides d’ondes métalliques de petites dimensions aux fréquences THz". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112413.
Texto completoFocusing optical energy into a small spot diameter much smaller than the diffraction limit has long been a very interesting topic in photonics. In Terahertz (with a wavelength of about 300 microns) this challenge is particularly important to meet the growing interest in high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy of materials whose size is smaller than the wavelength in free space. In my thesis, I studied the confinement of surface waves at THz frequencies on metal structures with sub-wavelength dimensions . I experimentally measured the confinement of the electric field and calculated the dispersion relation of the surface mode on a metal structure deposited on a low permittivity dielectric substrate. These measurements are obtained using a guided-wave time domain spectroscopy set-up, developed during my PhD. The measurement is made by a near-field freely positionable electro-optical probe. These experimental results are supplemented by numerical simulations obtained by finite element analysis software Comsol Multiphysics. The experimental results show a confinement of λ/20 of the EM surface mode on a sub-wavelength dimension rectangular metal wire
Wen, Yida. "Étude d'un système d'éclairage surfacique à géométrie planaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112181.
Texto completoAn auto-embedded 3D holographic system requires the development of a surface lighting integrateddevice to generate a coherent, directional and uniform lighting beam. Up to now, the realization of this type ofsystem is based on the conventional optical components such as lenses and mirrors. The objective of this thesis isto propose an ultra-compact solution by using the nanotechnologies, in order to realize coherent, directional and uniform light emitting at 633 nm on a large surface in replacing the bulky optical components by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). In the beginning of the thesis, we present the automotive applications of optics and photonics, and then introduce to the integrated planar structure, which is expected to illuminate the holographic system. We present then our interest of developing silicon nitride waveguides-based PICs, which can be operated in the visible range, as required for the mentioned application. The realized research work on the Si₃N₄ waveguides for the light propagation at 633 nm are then detailed. At first, we introduce the theoretical methods for the analysis of the guided modes and present the calculated indexes of the 1D and 2D modes, which are used to design the single-mode rectangular waveguide. At last, we present exhaustively our theoretical study and simulation work to define some targeted PICs, as the 1 × N beam splitter and the bent waveguides. Then weintroduce the fabrication of the predetermined SiO₂ cladded Si₃N₄ waveguide samples, which have a cross-section size about 250 nm × 300 nm. We present main processes of the fabrication in cleanroom, including the deposition of the dielectric layers by using PECVD, the electron beam lithography (EBL) and the reactive ionicetching (RIE). The fabrication of waveguides has been evaluated and analyzed, in order to optimize the fabrication process. Finally, we present the waveguide’s characterization set-up and the measurement results ofthe optical losses. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the coupling effect from a guidedphotonic mode to a plasmonic mode supported by a guiding structure, which consists of a metallic nanoparticle(Au or Ag) chain deposited on top of the Si₃N₄ rectangular waveguide. The state of the art and the theoretical study are firstly introduced. Then we present the numerical simulation results of the coupling efficiency as a function of nanoparticle’s sizes and operation wavelength in this photonic-plasmonic coupled waveguide system
Le, Camus Arthur. "Conception et élaboration de composants photoniques pour l'infrarouge moyen inscrits par impulsions ultra brèves". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66425.
Texto completoL’infrarouge moyen présente un grand intérêt pour de nombreuses applications dans des domaines variés comme la médecine, la biologie, l’environnement ou encore l’astronomie. Il y a donc un besoin de sources et de dispositifs fonctionnant dans cette bande de longueur d’onde s’étendant approximativement de 2 à 20 µm. L’élaboration de ces dispositifs passe par le développement de matériaux transparents dans l’infrarouge moyen puis par la fonctionnalisation optique de ces matériaux. Dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, nous nous proposons d’étudier la fabrication de composants dans un verre d’oxyde de métaux lourds (baryum, gallium, germanium : BGG), dont l’intérêt est la combinaison d’une bonne transmission jusque dans l’IR moyen (de ~350 nm à ~5 µm) et de bonnes résistances mécanique et chimique. La technique utilisée pour la fonctionnalisation optique de ce verre est l’inscription directe par impulsions ultra courtes. Cette dernière permet de modifier localement – et de manière permanente – un matériau par la focalisation d’impulsions d’une durée de l’ordre de quelques dizaines ou centaines de femto secondes, générant des intensités lumineuses très importantes et permettant l’absorption non-linéaire d’une partie de l’énergie du faisceau laser. Le caractère non linéaire de l’interaction permet l’inscription de structures tridimensionnelles dans le volume du matériau. Grâce à cette technique, on peut notamment fabriquer des guides d’onde, des canaux de microfluidique et des motifs fluorescents pour ne citer que quelques exemples. Nous rapportons dans cette thèse une étude détaillée de l’inscription par laser femtoseconde dans différents types de verres BGG. Nous montrons qu’il est possible d’avoir un changement d’indice positif élevé, permettant la formation de composants à base de guides d’onde pour l’IR moyen. En particulier, nous présentons des résultats de mesures sur des guides d’onde et des coupleurs dans l’IR moyen, inscrits dans un verre BGG et dans la silice. Un autre type verre, dérivé des BGG et dopé en ions argents, est également étudié dans le cadre de l’inscription par laser femtoseconde. Comme il a été observé dans d’autres types de verres d’oxydes, les ions argent modifient l’interaction laser matière et apportent des propriétés spécifiques à l’argent : fluorescence, génération de seconde harmonique et résonance de plasmons de surface.
The mid-infrared region is of great interest for many applications in various fields such as medicine, biology, environment and astronomy. Therefore, there is a need for developing sources and devices operating in this wavelength region, spanning approximately from 2 to20 µm. The development of these devices involves the development of mid-IR transparent materials and then the optical functionalization of these materials. In the framework of this PhD thesis, we propose to study the fabrication of components in glass of heavy metaloxides (barium, gallium, germanium: BGG), whose interest is the combination of a good transmission (from ~350 nm to ~5 µm) and good mechanical and chemical resistances. The technique used for the optical functionalization of this glass is direct inscription by ultra-short pulses. This technique allows a local and permanent modification of a material by focusing pulses of a duration of a few tens or hundreds of femtoseconds, generating very high light intensities and allowing the non-linear absorption of the laser beam energy. The non-linear nature of the interaction allows the inscription of three-dimensional structures in the bulk. Thanks to this technique, we can produce waveguides, microfluidic channels and fluorescent patterns, to name but a few examples. In this thesis, we report a detailed study of femtosecond laser inscription in different types of BGG glasses. We show that it is possible to have a high positive index change, allowing the formation of waveguide-based components for mid-IR. In particular, we present measurements results on waveguides and couplers in the mid-IR, embedded in BGG glass and fused silica. Another type of glass derived from BGG and doped with silver ions is also studied with the femtosecond laser inscription. As observed in other types of oxide glasses, silver ions modify the laser-matter interaction and provide silver-specific properties such as fluorescence, second harmonic generation and surface plasmons resonance.
Kaya, Serkan. "Photo-thermal control of surface plasmon mode propagation at telecom wavelengths". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS058/document.
Texto completoSurface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is the promising versatile platform proposed for guiding electromagnetic waves at nanoscale dimensions. In this context dynamic control of SPPs prop- agation is of paramount importance. Thermo-optical (TO) effect is considered as an efficient technique for performing active control of plasmonic devices. Among the thermo-optical based plasmonic devices demonstrated so far TO coefficient is dominantly provided by a dielectric material on top of the metal sustaining the SPP mode, however, the role of TO properties of the metal has been rarely investigated for plasmonic applications especially at the telecom frequency ranges. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to investigate in detail the impact of thermo-optical properties of metals onto various SPP modes at telecom wavelengths.First, we report on photo-thermal modulation of thin film SPP mode traveling at gold/air interface excited at telecom wavelengths. We start by investigating the photo-thermally in- duced modulation of SPPs propagation mediated by the temperature dependent ohmic losses in the gold film. Then we extract the thermo-plasmonic coefficient of the SPP mode from the accurately measured SPPs signal depth of modulation by which we could compute the thermo-optical coefficients (TOCs) of gold at telecom wavelength. Lastly, we demonstrate a pulsed photo-thermal excitation of the SPPs in the nanosecond regime.Secondly, we investigate the thermo-optical dynamics of polymer loaded surface plasmon waveguide (PLSPPW) based devices photo-thermally excited in the nanosecond regime. First, we demonstrate thermo-absorption of PLSPPW modes mediated by the temperature-dependent ohmic losses of the metal and the thermally controlled field distribution of the plasmon mode within the metal. Next, we consider the thermo-optical response of a PLSPPW based racetrack shaped resonator coupled to a straight bus waveguide and evaluate the photo-thermal activation through heating and cooling times. We conclude that nanosecond excitation combined to high thermal diffusivity materials opens the way to high speed thermo-optical plasmonic devices.Finally, we report on the photo-thermal modulation of SPPs propagation along litho- graphically fabricated gold nanowires sustaining highly confined plasmonic mode at telecom wavelengths. First, we investigate telecommunication characterization of the nanowires by ap- plying high bit rate signal transmission, 10 Gbit/s, through fiber-to-fiber confocal detection setup. Next, we demonstrate and evaluate the photo-thermal modulation of SPPs propagation along the nanowires where we discuss qualitatively TO effects due to light-induced modula- tions on nanowires and show the impact of the incident beam polarization on the photo-thermal modulation
Elsawy, Mahmoud Mohamed Reda Ahmed. "Modelling and improvement of complex nonlinear plasmonic waveguides". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0238.
Texto completoThe main goal of this PhD is to develop the semi-analytical and the numerical tools that allow us to study complicated and realistic nonlinear plasmonic waveguides which can be fabricated and characterized experimentally.First, we present a full study of an improved version of the one-dimensional nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguide, by adding two linear dielectric buffer layers between the isotropic nonlinear core and the two metal claddings. These additional layers reduce the overall losses and allow the losses to decrease with the power for some configurations unlike the usual slot. Furthermore, the main plasmonic modes can exhibit nonlinear spatial modal transitions towards new families of modes that can be controlled with the power.Second, we propose and study new one-dimensional nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguides with metamaterial regions either in the nonlinear core or in the linear claddings. For the metamaterial nonlinear core, we developed semi-analytical and fully numerical methods in order to study the nonlinear stationary solutions propagating in this anisotropic nonlinear waveguide. We have demonstrated both analytically and numerically that the anisotropic nonlinear core can be designed in order to achieve strong nonlinear effects at low power.For the structures with metamaterial linear claddings, the figure of merit can be extremely enhanced by more than 50 times compared with the simple one. Finally, we present the full derivation of a new nonlinear full vectorial finite element method based on the fixed power algorithm in order to quantify rigorously the nonlinear characteristics of realistic two-dimensional nonlinear plasmonic structures
Al-Aridhee, Tahseen. "Numerical study of optical properties of single and periodic nanostructures : from nanoantennas to enhanced transmission metamaterials". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2004/document.
Texto completoThe release of the rst report by Faraday in 1857 set the foundation of the production of metal nanoparticlesand their unexpected optical properties (coloring). More recently, controlling and guiding light via plasmonicresonance in nanostructures enable a lot of applications affecting everyday life that involves light. Plasmonresonance of metallic structures is a key phenomenon that allows unique optical properties through the interactionof light with the free electrons of the metal. The excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance(LSPR) leads to turn-on large local enhancements of electromagnetic energy as within antennas or to routelight as waveguide to desired region with high transmission through the excitation of Propagating SurfacePlasmon (PSP). During this thesis, we have developed an existing algorithm in order to calculate the opticalresponse of NPs of any shape. We have especially determined the localized energy enhancement factor interm of optical response of nano-antenna. This anisotropic (polarization dependent) NPs type can feature, atplasmon resonance, scattering efciency factor higher than 25. Moreover, an important systematic study hasbeen performed in order to optimize design of such NPs.Concerning the PSP that are involved in the enhanced transmission through Annular Aperture Arrays (AAAs),we systematically study the properties of the excitation of the peculiar Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) guidedmode inside such nano-apertures. A complete numerical study is performed to correctly design the structurebefore it is experimentally characterized. For reasons associated to fabrication constraints and efciency,a slanted AAA made in perfectly conducting metal is proposed and studied. We numerically and analyticallydemonstrate some intrinsic properties of the structure showing a transmission coefcient of at least 50%ofan un-polarized incident beam independently of the illumination configuration (polarization, angle, and planeof incidence). At the TEM peak transmission, the laminar flow of the energy through the structure can exhibitgiant deviation over very small distances ( ). The results presented in this thesis could be considered as animportant contribution to the understanding of the enhanced transmission phenomenon based on the excitationof guided modes
Jaafar, Abdallah. "Développement de matériaux poreux pour des applications de détection en optique intégrée dans le moyen infrarouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS043.
Texto completoIntegrated sensors based on guided optical devices can efficiently and selectively detect pollutant molecules present in water, air, and environment. The porous structure allows the targeted molecules to penetrate into the pores, leads to volume detection. This characteristic greatly enhances the sensitivity and the ability to detect a very small number of molecules. In this study, two mid-infrared (mid-IR) transparent materials were investigated for the evelopment of integrated optical waveguides: porous silicon (PSi) and porous germanium (PGe). PSi is produced by electrochemical anodization and can be used up to a wavelength of 8 µm. PSi-based planar and ridge waveguides were developed from lightly or heavily P-doped silicon substrates. The effect of thermal oxidation treatment on the optical properties of the waveguides was investigated. Transduction tests were carried out to detect carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the mid-IR at around 4.3 µm wavelength. On the other hand, PGe is produced using bipolar electrochemical etching, extending the detection range to a wavelength of 14 µm. This material offers a considerable advantage for the development of an integrated optical sensor, as most polluting molecules have an absorption band in the mid-IR spectral range. Thin and homogeneous PGe layers were obtained. An initial test for the fabrication of a Bragg mirror was also conducted
Rassem, Nadège. "Etude du guidage et du confinement de la lumière dans les guides optiques nanostructurés : application au filtrage spectral ultra-sélectif". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0015.
Texto completoA CRIGF (Cavity Resonator Integrated Grating Filter) is a nanophotonic spectral filter with a narrow bandwidth (less than a nanometer) using a relatively focused beam. This structure, introduced recently (2010), is composed of a guided mode resonance grating filter (or resonant grating, or coupler grating) inserted between two Bragg gratings. Guided mode resonance gratings are known to exhibit very narrow peaks in their reflection spectrum (or transmission), due to the excitation of one guided mode of the structure via one diffraction order. This resonance phenomenon corresponds to an anomaly of Wood. But their major limitation remains their very low angular tolerance, and the CRIGF allows to overpass this problem.In literature, the numerical modeling of CRIGF was done only by FDTD with an important calculations time. We have used RCWA to model numerically the CRIGF by bringing a possibility of research of the eigen-modes. We have mainly shown thanks to calculations the extraordinary angular behavior of the CRIGF is very different from that of infinite gratings. We have proved thanks to the coupled modes theory extended to four modes that this large angular tolerance is due to an additional coupling that did not occur in infinite gratings.With an approach based on the Fabry-Perot cavity, we confirmed that the CRIGF behaves as a lossy Fabry-Perot cavity, which allowed us to define simple design rules such as the control of the spectral width and tuning the centering wavelength
Gallezot, Matthieu. "Simulation numérique du contrôle non-destructif des guides d’ondes enfouis". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0040/document.
Texto completoVarious elements of civil engineering structures are elongated and partially embedded in a solid medium. Guided waves can be used for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of such elements. The latteris therefore considered as an open waveguide, in which most of waves are attenuated by leakage losses into the surrounding medium. Furthermore, the problem is difficult to solve numerically because of its unboundedness. In aprevious thesis, it has been shown that the semi-analytical finite-element method (SAFE) and perfectly matched layers(PML) can be coupled for the numerical computation of modes. It yields three types of modes: trapped modes,leaky modes and PML modes. Only trapped and leaky modes are useful for the post-processing of dispersion curves. PML modes are non-intrinsic to the physics. The major aim of this thesis is to obtain the propagated and diffracted fields, based on modal superpositions on the numerical modes. First, we show that the three types of modes belong to the modal basis. To guarantee the uniqueness of the solutions an orthogonality relationship is derived on the section including the PML. The forced response can then be obtained very efficiently with a modal expansion at any point of the waveguide. Modal expansions are also used to build transparent boundaries at the cross-sections of a small finite-element domain enclosing a defect, thereby yielding the diffracted field. Throughout this work, we study whether solutions can be obtained with modal expansions on leaky modes only, which enables to reduce the computational cost. Besides, solutions are obtained at high frequencies (which are of interest for NDE) and in tridimensional waveguides, which demonstrates the generality of the methods. The second objective of this thesis is to propose an imaging method to locate defects. The topological imaging method is applied to a waveguide configuration. The general theoretical framework is recalled, based on constrained optimization theory. The image can be quickly computed thanks to the modal formalism. The case of a damaged waveguide is then simulated to assess the influence on image quality of the emitted field characteristics (monomodal, dispersive or multimodal)and of the measurement configuration
Lehmann, Lucien. "Apport des structures ridge pour la détection et l’interférométrie à conversion de fréquence MIR en régime de comptage de photons". Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0069/document.
Texto completoLow flux detection in the mid infrared (MIR) is strongly penalized by thermal radiation from the environment. The main solution to this problem is to cryogenize as much of the detection chain as possible.This method is reaching its limits for some applications, including high-resolution imaging in astronomy using interferometric methods. An alternative solution is to use the non-linear process of sum frequency generation to convert this mid infrared radiation to wave length domains where detectors are no longer limited by the radiation from environment and operate efficiently in photon counting regime.The work over these three years is part of more than a decade of research into up-conversion detection and interferometry. It is the expansion of the these works of L. Szemendera and P. Darré. The first one laid the fondation of the up-conversion interferometry in the MIR and the second one demonstrated the possibility of using this technique on the sky at 1550 nm by benefiting from the ridge waveguide technology.Thus, this thesis constitutes the fruitful junction of these earlier works, made possible by a collaboration with the Femto-ST Institute. The use of their PPLN ridge waveguides has enabled us to place ourselves at the state of the art for up-conversion detection in the MIR (3,5 μm) with experimental demonstrations both in the laboratory and on the sky (C2PU). Integrated into a up-conversion interferometer at these same wave lengths, it has also significantly improved the performance and repeatability of this technique,in particular in the case of a spectrally broadband source. At the same time, our collaboration with the CHARA telescope array gave us the opportunity to study the problems raised by a future implementation of the instrument on this site
Vu, Thi Mai. "Etude des couches minces du système ternaire Ge-Se-Te et fabrication de composants d'optique intégrée IR, briques de base de micro-capteurs optiques de gaz". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20098/document.
Texto completoIn a context where the needs for gas sensors are increasingly important, especially for environmental metrology, it is proposed in this work to achieve straight waveguides, spirals, Y-junctions, ..., elements essential for the fabrication of infrared optical micro-sensors. The realization of these elements, by stacking and etching of amorphous thin films from the Ge-Se-Te ternary system, first required the study of this system. Ge-Se-Te thin films of very different compositions were deposited by thermal co-evaporation and characterized in terms of uniformity, thermal stability, optical band gap and refractive index. The evolution of the film properties with the composition was then used to highlight a particularly attractive area of compositions in the Ge-Se-Te system: in this domain, corresponding to compositions rich in Se (more than 55 atomic %) and containing between 20 and 30 atomic % in Ge, the layers are indeed single-phase, characterized by high glass transition temperatures, high thermal stability, and a transparency window extending from 1 to about 16 microns. In this composition region, two of them were selected, Ge25Te10Se65 and Ge25Te20Se55, and used to realize different integrated optics circuits. The simplest elements, which are channel waveguides, were made by depositing successively two layers (Ge25Te10Se65 then Ge25Te20Se55) on a silicon substrate, and then by modifying the geometry of the higher refractive index top layer by ion beam etching, so as to obtain a two-dimensional confinement of light. Propagation losses of these straight waveguides were estimated at 1 dB.cm-1 at the 1.55 µm wavelength. Other more complex elements were then fabricated: S-bent waveguides for which the guiding properties were obtained whatever the curvature radius, operational spiral waveguides, Y-junctions able of a satisfactory division of the light intensity, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers at the output of which the light was successfully recombined
Salemeh, Elie. "Periodic structures : transmission invariance and symmetry effects". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1010.
Texto completoA characteristic of the localized regime in a disordered medium is the insensitivity of the transmitted speckle tothe incident wave. In optics, the image on a screen of the transmitted field through an opaque disordered medium- the speckle - remains the same regardless of the lighting conditions. This remarkable phenomenon can beexplained by analyzing the eigenmodes of transmission of the studied material. The localized regime ischaracterized by the predominance of a single mode, with the transmission of all other modes being significantlyweaker. The pattern of the transmitted field is then determined by this single mode, regardless of the source. Asimilar phenomenon is possible in an ordered, periodic medium, when the wave propagated in the medium ismainly carried by a single Bloch mode. The wave propagated in the periodic medium is then gradually "frozen",presenting the same pattern, regardless of the source that generated it. The presented work aims to characterizeand to observe experimentally this phenomenon in the case of propagation in a periodic waveguide. It also aims tocharacterize this phenomenon in the case of transmission through a diffraction grating. Finally, we are interestedin the effects of symmetry when an opaque barrier is placed in a periodic waveguide, specifically focusing on thetransmission enhancement induced by symmetry
Voineau, Florian. "Systèmes communicants haut-débit et bas coûts par guide d’ondes en plastique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0178/document.
Texto completoIn a world willfully transitioning to the Digital Age, the thirst for connectivity demands high-speed communication links at low cost. In this context, affordable plastic waveguides have been proposed as a disruptive propagation channel in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. Benefiting from multi gigahertz (GHz) bandwidths and mmW capabilities of advanced CMOS technologies as well as relaxed assembly tolerances requirements, cost-effective communication systems based on plastic waveguides could offer multi gigabits per second (Gb/s) data rates over several meters distances.In this work, the design of plastic waveguide channels is first discussed using both a theoretical approach and Electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Although low attenuation promises have been confirmed, some limitations are also highlighted, especially as regards confinement ability and robustness to external contacts. Solutions involving foam coating are briefly investigated and an innovative plastic waveguide design demonstrating improved characteristics is introduced.System-level topics are then explored in order to build a communication system using the previously presented channel. A new architecture, which combines Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and frequency multiplexing, is found to be much more suitable. The transition from the circuit to the plastic waveguide has also been identified as a potential bandwidth bottleneck. Consequently, a wideband microstrip to WR-12 transition has been designed. Another limitation concerning the demodulation of QPSK mmW signals is investigated and an original topology using the non-linearities of Injection Locked Oscillators (ILO) has been developed.Finally, the design of a mmW transmitter in an advanced silicon technology node (CMOS 28 nm FD-SOI) is described. Major contributions include the introduction of high-performance integrated hybrid couplers and the realization of a wide locking range synchronization circuit enabling low phase-noise operation when locked on the fifth harmonic of a reference signal. Measurements on modulated signals have validated the transmitter high data-rate capability of several Gb/s
Gromovyi, Maksym. "Génération de seconde harmonique dans des guides d’ondes à base de nitrure d’éléments III". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4018/document.
Texto completoThis work is dedicated to the study of the second harmonic generation (SHG) in III-Nitride waveguides. One of the main goals of this work, was to identify the origins of the propagation losses in GaN waveguides, and to strongly reduce them in waveguides presenting some phase matching possibilities, in order to improve the SHG efficiency. We have made a very important progress in this direction, and fabricated by hetero-epitaxy GaN planar waveguides on sapphire substrates with propagation losses below 1dB/cm in the visible spectral region. These low-loss waveguides were used for the demonstration of an efficient second harmonic generation process using modal phase matching. We obtained 2% of power conversion from the near-infrared to the visible spectral regions with a normalized efficiency of 0.15%W-1cm-2. The obtained propagation losses and conversion efficiency are the best-reported results so far for GaN planar waveguides. In addition, we have studied epitaxial III-nitride waveguides on Si substrates, which are very challenging to fabricate, but opens new interesting opportunities. The first one is the possibility to etch selectively the nitrides or the Si. The selective chemical etching was used to develop a platform allowing the fabrication of suspended objects such as micro-disks, waveguides and micro-disks coupled to a waveguide. This platform has allowed the first demonstration of doubly resonant SHG using phase matching between the whispering gallery modes of a micro-disk. Although all the experiments we performed were done in a limited spectral region, the numerical study presented in this manuscript demonstrates the large adaptability of this platform based on the possibility of varying the composition of AlGaN waveguides from pure GaN to pure AlN. The second opportunity of epitaxial III-nitrides layers on Si is the possibility to combine them with report technologies to obtain III-nitride waveguides on SiO2. Our numerical results reveal the full potential of AlGaN waveguides by demonstrating that using different mode combinations and playing with waveguides composition and geometry, it is possible to obtain a second harmonic signal in the ultraviolet, the visible or the near-infrared spectral regions. These results also demonstrate, that to further improve the SHG efficiency, one has to fabricate ridge waveguides presenting a perfect optical isolation from the Si substrate and a polarity inversion precisely positioned in the core of the waveguide. In these structures one could benefit simultaneously from the power confinement, the modal phase matching and an optimized overlap of the interacting modes. In this case, we calculate that the conversion efficiencies could be as high as 100%W-1cm-2. Both ridge waveguides and polarity inversion were tested in this work. The quality of the ridges was quite encouraging, but their nonlinear performance remained limited mainly because of the high propagation losses due to the coupling with the absorbing substrate and to the roughness of the surface of the epitaxial inverted layers. The structures fabricated using the report technique, haven’t been tested, as they were broken during their fabrication. Getting fully optimized waveguides requires further progresses in realizing thicker optical buffer layers and/or adapting the report technique to these materials
Billy, Juliette. "Propagation quantique d’ondes de matière guidées : laser à atomes et localisation d’Anderson". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112023.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the study of the quantum transport of matter waves, obtained from a Bose-Einstein condensate, in connection with electronic transport in solids. Indeed, cold atoms, which allow a very good control on the parameters of the system, are used nowadays to revisit fundamental problems of condensed matter physics. In this thesis, we study in particular the propagation of a condensate released into a one-dimensional optical guide in presence of a disorder created by laser speckle. This study leads to the first direct observation of the 1D Anderson localization of matter waves. This phenomenon, emblematic of the effect of disorder on the propagation of waves and initially predicted in condensed matter physics to explain the metal-insulator transition, has indeed been reported with different types of classical waves but had never been directly observed with matter waves. This work paves the way to more complex quantum transport experiments. In parallel, we study a new type of matter wave: the guided atom laser. This atom laser is propagating with a high de Broglie wavelength and offers the opportunity to control independently both its energy and flux. It is therefore well suited for studying quantum transport phenomena. We present in this thesis the characterization of its spectral width, performed via the measure of the transmission of the atom laser through a thick optical barrier
Aït, Oukaci Kosseila. "Domaines magnétiques périodiques pour la propagation guidée d’ondes de spin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0100.
Texto completoThe International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has identified spin wave devices as an alternative to CMOS technology for logic devices. The interest of these emerging devices lies in the scalability needed to process the ever-increasing amount of data generated by our information and communication society while maintaining low power consumption. However, standard devices suffer from drawbacks related to miniaturization and do not offer the possibility to enter the field of fully reprogrammable logic devices. The objective of my thesis is to establish a new path towards scalable and reprogrammable logic devices. This path is based on the stabilization of rectilinear periodic magnetic domains whose orientation can be configured to open or close the transmission channel. This channel will be formed in a low-damping material for spin wave propagation over micron distances. On one hand, magnetic domains of the Weak Stripes type have been obtained in the Co₄₀Fe₄₀B₂₀ alloy. We have shown that these domains are easily orientable, which will allow to easily open or close the transmission channel of spin waves. We show that a damping lower than 7×10⁻³ can be obtained. Magnetic microscopy allowed us to determine the angle of magnetization in the stripes, its spatial distribution as well as its variation under magnetic field. In addition, we show for the first time the surface configuration of these Weak Stripes, a configuration in accordance with the micromagnetic simulations. On the other hand, Strong Stripes magnetic domains are obtained in the [Co/Ni]n multilayers. Their properties are close to those observed in other materials such as Co epitaxial films. A damping coefficient lower than 8.8 ×10⁻³ is obtained, among the smallest for perpendicular magnetization systems. The study of their microscopic magnetic properties shows that the orientation of straight domains is more difficult to obtain because of a stripe/bubble transformation which has not yet been documented in the literature
Nauleau, Pierre. "Vers la mesure d’ondes circonférentielles guidées par la coque corticale du col du fémur". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066499.
Texto completoThis thesis is part of the long-term development of an ultrasonic device of prediction of the fracture risk of the hip. We hypothesize that estimations of the thickness and elastic properties of the cortical shell could enhance the prediction of the risk. Analysis of the waves guided by the shell could yield these estimates. A method, in non-destructive testing, based on the decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) was developed to characterize empty metallic tubes. The goal of this thesis is to adapt this method to the specific features of the femoral neck. Several phantoms were built in order to decouple the problems due to the bone characteristics. First, an empty bone phantom of circular cross-section was used to optimize the experimental conditions to measure circumferential guided wave backscattered signals despite adverse material properties of bone. Second, the simulation study of bone phantoms of circular cross section filled with a marrow-mimicking fluid led to the development of a filtering method to eliminate contributions of reflections on the cavity walls. Finally, the analysis of the radiated guided waves enables us to extend the method to shells of any shape, in particular to an elliptical shell. These thesis works result in several tools to characterize waveguides of any shape, with constant thickness, the cavity being empty or filled with a fluid. This represents a significant step towards the ultrasonic characterization of the femoral neck
Mazzamurro, Aurélien. "Étude du couplage piézo-magnétique dans les guides d’ondes électro-acoustiques hyperfréquences : application aux capteurs de champ magnétique". Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0008.
Texto completoThin-film piezo-electro-magneto-elastic heterostructures stand out as promising candidates in the field of spatially resolved, low-intensity magnetic field detection at room temperature. Thus, this thesis focuses on the study of piezomagnetic coupling in microwave electro-acoustic waveguides based on nanostructured thin films with uniaxial anisotropy, deposited on piezoelectric substrates. Firstly, the investigated structures consist in a TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack deposited on a ST-X90° Quartz substrate, to exploit the horizontal transverse mode presenting the highest sensitivity. The possibility to induce, via the magnetic field, an acoustic mode conversion, potentially usable in the design of ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors, is also demonstrated. In addition, this study validated the developed theoretical piezo-magnetic model, by measuring the phase velocity variations of the guided elastic waves as a function of the intensity and direction of the applied magnetic field. Then, two measurement concepts are proposed in order to improve the resolution of the sensor measurement, which depends essentially on the transit time of the elastic wave in the magneto-elastic layer: the acoustic time domain reflectometry and the exploitation of a cavity mode located in the magneto-elastic layer. Finally, the optimization of the uniaxial anisotropy/magnetostriction couple of the TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack is addressed, as it plays a major role in the sensitivity and dynamics of the studied sensors
Mazzamurro, Aurélien. "Étude du couplage piézo-magnétique dans les guides d’ondes électro-acoustiques hyperfréquences : application aux capteurs de champ magnétique". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0008.
Texto completoThin-film piezo-electro-magneto-elastic heterostructures stand out as promising candidates in the field of spatially resolved, low-intensity magnetic field detection at room temperature. Thus, this thesis focuses on the study of piezomagnetic coupling in microwave electro-acoustic waveguides based on nanostructured thin films with uniaxial anisotropy, deposited on piezoelectric substrates. Firstly, the investigated structures consist in a TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack deposited on a ST-X90° Quartz substrate, to exploit the horizontal transverse mode presenting the highest sensitivity. The possibility to induce, via the magnetic field, an acoustic mode conversion, potentially usable in the design of ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors, is also demonstrated. In addition, this study validated the developed theoretical piezo-magnetic model, by measuring the phase velocity variations of the guided elastic waves as a function of the intensity and direction of the applied magnetic field. Then, two measurement concepts are proposed in order to improve the resolution of the sensor measurement, which depends essentially on the transit time of the elastic wave in the magneto-elastic layer: the acoustic time domain reflectometry and the exploitation of a cavity mode located in the magneto-elastic layer. Finally, the optimization of the uniaxial anisotropy/magnetostriction couple of the TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack is addressed, as it plays a major role in the sensitivity and dynamics of the studied sensors
Barras, Jordan. "Prédiction modale du rayonnement d’ondes élastiques guidées par une source quelconque dans une structure fine - application au contrôle non destructif". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG020.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the modelling of the propagation of elastic guided waves (GW) in thin plate like structures for their non-destructive testing (NDT). These waves are generated by any ultrasonic transducer positioned on the surface of the piece - for example, a PZT ceramic or an EMAT. A semianalytical model, the so-called GW modal pencil model, has been developed. It is based on the geometrical acoustic approximation, which makes it particularly efficient from a numerical point-of-view and able to simulate GW propagation over long distances faster than with conventional numerical models. The displacement field is then predicted only at the points of interest. The pencil model can be used to generically deal with multiple reflections of GW on plate edges. It also takes into account plates made of either metallic (isotropic) or composite (anisotropic) materials. The plate can be curved and have continuously variable mechanical properties. The waveforms are obtained in the form of their modal decomposition, which greatly eases their interpretation. Finally, comparisons with a finite element model allow the pencil approach to be validated
Beauvais, Romain. "Effets non linéaires acoustiques et couplages fluide-structure dans les guides d’ondes : application à des conduites de compresseurs alternatifs". Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1015.
Texto completoIn the oil, chemical and gas industries, the manufacturing processes induce the use of pipelines subjected to gases at high pressure and temperature. The gas is transported by reciprocating compressors connected to these pipelines, whose normal operation generates the propagation of acoustic waves causing structural vibrations by coupling between the gas column and the piping system. Understanding the behavior and controlling the level of these vibrations is a major challenge because of their impact on the safety of the installations. However, the increase in the rotational speeds of new compressors has accentuated the generation of non-linear acoustic phenomena that can occur locally at section discontinuities (orifice, expansiona areas) or along the propagation in long pipes. A one-dimensional numerical model of non-linear propagation in a pipe network with cross-section discontinuities is developed in the time domain. This model is based on the choice of a FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) scheme adapted to weakly non-linear propagation with viscothermic losses in wave guides.In the meantime, a study is carried out on the vibroacoustic coupling between the fluid and a bent pipe. The propagation of plane acoustical waves generates the appearance of localized forces at the bends of a pipe. Vibrations are then induced by the unbalancing of these forces. The measurement of modal parameters (mode shapes, frequency and damping) is carried out by means of vibration tests at strategic points on the pipe. Then an inverse method is proposed in order to estimate the internal pressure field, based on non-intrusive acceleration measurements
Enderlin, Alexandre. "Contrôle cohérent des excitations électroniques d’une boîte quantique unique". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066170.
Texto completoNeradovskiy, Maxim. "Guides d’ondes dans un cristal de niobate de lithium périodiquement polarisé : fabrication et étude par des techniques de microscopie à sonde locale". Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4035/document.
Texto completoThe investigation of influence of the soft proton exchange (SPE) optical waveguide (WG) creation onperiodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) has been done. It has been shown that the WG fabricationprocess can induce the formation of needle like nanodomains, which can be responsible for thedegradation of the nonlinear response of the WG created in PPLN crystals. The domain structure (DS)evolution has been studied in congruent lithium niobate (LN) crystals with surface layers modified bythree different proton exchange techniques. The significant decrease of the nucleation threshold fieldand qualitative change of domain rays nucleation and growth have been revealed. The formation of abroad domain boundary and dendrite domain structure as a result of nanodomains merging in front ofthe moving rays has been demonstrated. The formation of DS in LN with SPE by irradiation of coveredby electron resist polar surface of LN has been investigated. Formation of domains with arbitrary shapesas a result of discrete switching has been revealed. Finally, it has been demonstrated that electron beamirradiation of lithium niobate crystals with surface resist layer can produce high quality periodical domainpatterns after channel waveguide fabrication. Nonlinear characterizations show that the conversionefficiencies and the phase matching spectra conform to theoretical predictions, indicating that thiscombination presents a great interest for device fabrication. Second harmonic generation withnormalized nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 48%/(W cm2) has been achieved in such waveguides
Foucaud, Simon. "Propagation d'ondes dans un guide inhomogène : application à la cochlée". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0027/document.
Texto completoThe cochlea is the organ of hearing for humans and mammals. It is often modelled as an inhomogeneous waveguide. A travelling wave propagates along the fluid structure coupled waveguide. The mechanical impedance of the structure is varying and provides a frequency place relation. The asymptotic method Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin allows to solve for the basilar membrane vibration. The evanescents modes are taken into account to provide a better representation compared to the numerical models. As a second step, the finite elements method is used to solve for the transversal modes while the WKB Approximation deals with the longitudinal propagation. The first flexural mode of the basilar membrane is shown. The second propagative mode reveals a shearing motion of the tectorial membrane which can help stimulating the hair cells. An over-size artificial cochlea is designed and built. Thanks to an acoustic black hole, used as a anechoic end, travelling waves are observed on this device. Reflected waves are attenuated and the interferences with incident waves reduced. Mode coupling could be applied not only to evanescent modes but also to propagatives ones. Perspectives for the adaptation of the WKB method to fluid structure inhomogeneous waveguides, and particularly to the immersed acoustic black hole, seem to be very promising
Henrot, Fabien. "Composants à hauts facteurs de forme pour les résonateurs acousto-électriques et les dispositifs électro-optiques sur substrats mono-cristallins". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2032/document.
Texto completoOver the past decades, minutiarization and compacity have become a focus subject for companies specialisedin the manufacturing of radio-frequency components. Active components are typically manuafctured onsilicon wafers with well-known structuring methods. Passive ones are often manufactured on single cristalsuch as Quartz or Lithium Niobate, especially for acoustic wave generation or lightwave guiding. Theguiding of optical or acoustical waves leads to the manufacturing of sensors or filters which can be usedfor telecommunications or for the industry. Improvement in waveguiding allows for less power-consuming andmore compact devices but a 3D-structuring is usually required. This technology readness is high leveled forsilicon structuring but not for single crystals such as Lithium Niobate. This work presents the development andthe manufacturing of high aspect ratio three-dimensionnal structures in single-crystals using precise sawing.These structures show an optical waveguiding capability which allow the improvements of electro-opticmodulators or filters. Combined with a periodic reversing of Lithium Niobate polarization, these structuresallows for bulk acoustic wave generation leading to high electromechanical coupling and equivalent phasevelocity resonant modes. In non-linear optic field, this kind of structures lead to the improvement of secondharmonic generation e_ciency by reducing the cross section of waveguide. The manufactured devices in theframework of this project can actuelly be used in several domains of physic
Saghir, Adnan. "Contribution à la caractérisation des structures rayonnantes. Application aux études en champ proche de rayonnement électromagnétique". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952974.
Texto completoTran, Thi Thanh Van. "Vitrocéramiques nano-structurées SiO2-SnO2 sous forme de monolithes et de guides d’ondes planaires élaborés par voie sol-gel : caractérisation structurale et activation par des ions de terres rares". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10040/document.
Texto completoThe obtention of efficient and compact light sources based on silica doped with rare earth (RE) ions demands high emission yields, which require a good dispersion of RE ions. Glass-ceramics, associating a glass with nanocrystals (NCs), allow such a dispersion and still assure adequate optical transparency. In addition, the NCs have broad absorption bands and can transfer their energy to the RE ions, thus improving the emission efficiency. In this work, silica-based ceramics containing SnO2 NCs were prepared as thin films and bulk by the sol-gel technique. The optical and structural properties of the thin films were compared with those of monoliths. Several parameters, such as the maximum concentration of tin, the temperature of crystallization and of densification, differ according to the morphology of the materials. The interaction between the silica matrix and SnO2 NCs was studied by combining several analytical techniques such as vibrational spectroscopies, XRD,TEM, porosimetry BET…The addition of tin retards the densification of the matrix, leaving a residual porosity. The luminescence of Er3+ and Eu3+ (emission bandwidths, lifetimes) clearly shows the existence of two types of host sites, one crystalline and the other amorphous. Finally, the SnO2 NCs promote the dispersion of the RE ions, leading to longer lifetimes and an energy transfer between crystal and RE
Mokhtari, Cerine. "Développement d’une station de mesure hyperfréquence sous pointes nano-robotisée et automatisée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN053.
Texto completoIn the general context of the European nanoelectronics industry, it is necessary to develop new on-wafer characterisation techniques and instruments for precise and fine validation of circuits designed for high-frequency (HF) applications. To advance the miniaturisation of HF devices, new metrological issues related to dimensional and electrical characterization must be addressed. A universal instrument for the characterization of RF devices consists of a vector network analyzer (VNA), a measurement station equipped with a pair of ground-signal-ground (GSG) microwave probes aligned manually or automatically using a microscope or a camera system on calibration substrates and devices under test (DUT). Conventional RF test structures require to adapt to the probe tip geometry. The positioning of the probe on the CPW test structure generates misalignment measurement errors that affect the reproducibility of the measurement. In addition, nanodevices have extreme impedances compared to the VNA's reference impedance of 50 Ω, resulting in poor measurement sensitivity and accuracy.To meet this challenge, a new fully automated and robotic on-wafer probing station was designed and built from scratch. The measurement probes as well as the chuck hosting the device under test are mounted on SmarAct® piezoelectric nanopositioners. The vision of the probe-to-DUT contact is provided by a high-resolution microscope camera. A Keysight® Streamline vector network analyzer was integrated into the station to obtain a compact solution close to the probes and thus reduce the non-systematic errors inherent in environmental variations. Finally, a program for driving the probes and chuck based on image recognition was developed with the LabVIEWTM software
Krishna, Aditya. "Topological Imaging of Tubular Structures using Ultrasonic guided waves". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0111.
Texto completoTubular structures are widely used in a variety of industries such as Aerospace, Oil and Gas, Nuclear, etc. Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of these structures plays a crucial role during it’s life cycle. In order to test large structures with limited accessibility, guided wave testing was developed as a viable solution. Due to the nature of these waves, they are able to propagate over large distances without losing much of their energy. However, they are also complex in that their velocity is frequency dependent i.e. they are dispersive. Conventionally, guided wave testing require costly finite element simulations. This thesis offers an alternative to such simulations with a quick and robust method to simulate guided wave propagation in tubular structures.Based on these calculations, the aim of this work is to obtain the 3d topological image of multilayered isotropic tubular structures using ultrasonic guided waves to locate defects. A mathematical model has been proposed where the wave equation is converted to an ordinary differential equation with respect to radius 'r' using the Fourier and Laplace transforms for the spatial and temporal variables respectively. The partial wave solution, expressed as a combination of Bessel’s functions, allows for the creation of a fast robust semi-analytical algorithm to compute the Green function in tubular structures. A model to approximate numerical defects is then developed. The defect response is considered as the cumulative response of secondary sources, aiming to negate the incident and diffracted stress field present within it. Next, the numerical model is validated with experimental measurements.Finally, the technique of Topological Imaging is introduced. This method of imaging is based on the idea of performing a correlation between two wave fields for defect localization. The versatility and flexibility of the numerical tool in conjunction with the method of imaging is then successfully demonstrated by localising and imaging a multitude of numerical and experimental defects with dimensions as low as 1=40th of the wavelength
Böhm, Julian. "Phénomènes de transport originaux dans des expériences micro-ondes via la mise en forme spatiale et spectrale". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4048/document.
Texto completoTransport of waves plays an important role in modern communication systems like Wi-Fi or optical fibres. Typical problems in such systems concern security against possible intruders, energy consumption, time efficiency and the possibility of mode filtering. Microwave experiments are suited to study this kind of problems, because they offer a good control of the experimental parameters. Thus we can implement the method of wave shaping to investigate atypical transport phenomena, which address the mentioned problems. Wave front shaping solely based on the transmission together with the Wigner-Smith time delay formalism allows me to establish special scattering states in situ. These scattering states avoid a pre-selected region, focus on a specific spot or follow trajectories of classical particles, so called particle-like scattering states. Mode filtering is induced inside a waveguide with wavy boundaries and position dependent loss. The boundary profiles are chosen in such a way that the two propagating modes describe an encircling of an exceptional point in the Bloch picture. The asymmetric mode filtering is found due to the appearing non-adiabatic transitions. Another part of my work deals with Grover’s quantum search. I put such a search into practice in a two-dimensional graphene-lattice using coupled resonators, which form a tight-binding analogue. In this proof of principle experiment we search for different resonators attached to the graphene-lattice. Furthermore, the scaling behaviour of the quantum search is quantified for a linear chain of resonators
Aulanier, Florian. "Tomographie acoustique océanique en guide d'ondes : de l'utilisation des temps à celle des angles". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU031/document.
Texto completoIn the ocean, temperature changes induce sound-speed perturbations. Ocean acoustic tomography uses the fluctuations of recorded acoustic signals, to map those sound-speed perturbations. To this end, sound-speed perturbations are classically related to the acoustic-wave travel-times measured on the records. This study suggests an alternative method to perform acoustic thermometry based on acoustic-wave propagation directions. It allows imaging a shallow-water waveguide (~100 m), at small scale (1 to 10 km), with high spatial resolution (10 m in range, 2 m in depth). In this context, wideband (~1.5 kHz) low frequency (~1 kHz) acoustic waves propagates along multiple paths similar to spatially « fat » geometrical rays. Using a pair of arrays (source/receiver) and the double-beamforming processing to separate acoustic signals coming from different paths and measure their: travel-time (TT), directions-of-arrival (DOA) and directions-of-departure (DOD). Under the hypothesis of small perturbations, TP, DOA and DOD variations are linearly related to sound-speed perturbations in an analytical way. This formulation based on Born's diffraction physics at the first order uses kernel functions called: the time-angle sensitivity kernels (T-A-SK). The T-A-SK model is then combined to classical inversion methods to retrieve sound-speed perturbations from TT, DOA and DOD variations. The methods developed here have been validated on simulated data, and applied on real small-scale data coming from the ultrasonic tank of the ISTerre, Grenoble
Abdoulatuf, Antoisse. "Modélisation et simulation de la propagation d'ondes guidées dans des milieux élastiques en présence d'incertitudes : Application à la caractérisation ultrasonore". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1011/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we are interested in the modeling and simulation of the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the cortical bone. Precisely, we have studied and analyzed the Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) technique for the evaluation of the quality of bone tissue. It is an emerging technique those the application to bone tissue arouses particular interest in the scientific community. Since bone tissue is a living tissue, it is subject to aging and various pathologies, such osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteoporomalacia, or the so-called Paget disease. To assist in therapeutic follow-up of the bone, monitoring of quality of bone tissue is essential. In this context, methods based on QUS technique are deemed to be interesting, due of their non-invasive, inexpensive, portable and non-ionizing characteristics. However, use the ultrasound in the context of characterization of bone tissue, requires a deep understanding of the different physical phenomena involved in their propagation. In this perspective, our work is developed in the modeling theme dedicated to the propagation of ultrasonic waves in multidimensional, heterogeneous, anisotropic waveguides, constituted of materials whose heterogeneity can be qualified as random. One of the originalities of this thesis concerns the study of the reflection and transmission coefficients and the dispersion curves in the presence of uncertainties in the material properties. In a first part, we study the reflection/transmission phenomena via a two-dimensional tri-layer model taking into account the soft tissues and the random heterogeneity of the bone tissue. We analyzed the impact of these characteristics on the reflection and transmission coefficients. A gradient of material properties is introduced, and its effect on the coefficients of interest is examined. The modal aspect of the waves is explored, by studying the dispersion of Lamb waves. The results obtained in a two-dimensional geometrical configuration made it possible to discuss the influence of the various parameters, in terms of mechanical and/or geometric properties, on the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the cortical tissue. In a second part, the proposed model is extended for a cylindrical geometric configuration. The discussion is carried out in order to analyze the influence of the three-dimensional geometry of the bone on the phenomena of propagation