Artículos de revistas: "H2 Fuel Cell"

1

Livshits, V., A. Ulus y E. Peled. "High-power H2/Br2 fuel cell". Electrochemistry Communications 8, n.º 8 (agosto de 2006): 1358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.06.021.

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2

Li, Cong y Xun Cheng Wu. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Fuel Processor for Fuel Cell Vehicles". Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (febrero de 2011): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.715.

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Thermodynamic analysis was carried out for theoretical reaction of hydrogen produced from dimethyl ether (DME) auto-thermal reforming by using the minimum of GIBBS energy. The volume content of various gases were calculated at adiabatic condition as function of air to DME ratio (0.2~0.8), H2O to DME ratio (1~6) and pressure (0.1~0.6MPa). The result proves that the volume content of H2 decrease with the increasing of pressure. With the increasing of the H2O to DME ratio and the O2 to DME ratio the volume of H2 increases first then decreases. With the increasing of the H2O to DME ratio the volume of CH4 and CO decreases, the volume of CO2 increases. The model reliability was verified experimentally on self-designed equipment. The experiments data are closed to simulation results.

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3

Du, Zhemin, Congmin Liu, Junxiang Zhai, Xiuying Guo, Yalin Xiong, Wei Su y Guangli He. "A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles". Catalysts 11, n.º 3 (19 de marzo de 2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030393.

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Nowadays, we face a series of global challenges, including the growing depletion of fossil energy, environmental pollution, and global warming. The replacement of coal, petroleum, and natural gas by secondary energy resources is vital for sustainable development. Hydrogen (H2) energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century because of its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency. H2 fuel cell vehicles are commonly the end-point application of H2 energy. Owing to their zero carbon emission, they are gradually replacing traditional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. As the H2 fuel cell vehicle industry rapidly develops, H2 fuel supply, especially H2 quality, attracts increasing attention. Compared with H2 for industrial use, the H2 purity requirements for fuel cells are not high. Still, the impurity content is strictly controlled since even a low amount of some impurities may irreversibly damage fuel cells’ performance and running life. This paper reviews different versions of current standards concerning H2 for fuel cell vehicles in China and abroad. Furthermore, we analyze the causes and developing trends for the changes in these standards in detail. On the other hand, according to characteristics of H2 for fuel cell vehicles, standard H2 purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation and metal hydride separation, were analyzed, and the latest research progress was reviewed.

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4

Nagamori, Minako, Yoshihiro Hirata y Soichiro Sameshima. "Influence of Hydrogen Sulfide in Fuel on Electric Power of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell". Materials Science Forum 544-545 (mayo de 2007): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.997.

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Terminal voltage, electric power density and overpotential were measured for the solid oxide fuel cell with gadolinium-doped ceria electrolyte (Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9, GDC), 30 vol% Ni-GDC anode and Pt cathode using a H2 fuel or biogas (CH4 47, CO2 31, H2 19 vol %) at 1073 K. Addition of 1 ppm H2S in the 3vol % H2O-containing H2 fuel gave no change in the open circuit voltage (0.79 - 0.80 V) and the maximum power density (65 - 72 mW/cm2). Furthermore, no reaction between H2S and Ni in the anode was suggested by the thermodynamic calculation. On the other hand, the terminal voltage and electric power density decreased when 1 ppm H2S gas was mixed with the biogas. After the biogas with 1 ppm H2S flowed into the anode for 8 h, the electric power density decreased from 125 to 90 mW/cm2. The reduced electric power density was also recovered by passing 3 vol % H2O-containing H2 fuel for 2 h.

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5

Furukawa, Naoki, Yoshihiro Hirata, Soichiro Sameshima y Naoki Matsunaga. "Evaluation of Electric Power of SOFC Using Reformed Biogas". Materials Science Forum 761 (julio de 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.761.11.

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Biogas of about 60 % CH4 -40% CO2 composition is produced from waste food or drainage. Electrochemical reforming of CH4 with CO2 using a porous gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) cell is an attractive process to produce a H2-CO fuel used in solid oxide fuel cell. The supplied CO2 is converted to CO and O2- ions by the reaction with electrons at cathode (CO2 + 2e- → CO + O2-). The produced CO and O2- ions are transported to the anode through a porous mixed conductor GDC electrolyte. In the anode CH4 reacts with O2- ions to produce CO, H2 and electrons (CH4 + O2- → CO + 2H2 + 2e-). This process suppresses the carbon deposition from CH4. The formed H2 and CO fuels were supplied to a solid oxide fuel cell with dense GDC electrolyte (Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9). The open circuit voltage and maximum power density were measured for the reformed gas and for a pure H2 fuel. Little difference in the electric power was measured at 1073 K for both the fuels.

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6

Rowshanzamir, S. y M. Kazemeini. "A new immobilized-alkali H2/O2 fuel cell". Journal of Power Sources 88, n.º 2 (junio de 2000): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00371-2.

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7

Park, J. W., R. Wycisk y P. N. Pintauro. "Membranes for a Regenerative H2/Br2 Fuel Cell". ECS Transactions 50, n.º 2 (15 de marzo de 2013): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05002.1217ecst.

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8

Lee, Ji-Yong, Kyoung-Hoon Cha, Tae-Won Lim y Tak Hur. "Eco-efficiency of H2 and fuel cell buses". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, n.º 2 (enero de 2011): 1754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.074.

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9

Baradie, B., C. Poinsignon, J. Y. Sanchez, Y. Piffard, G. Vitter, N. Bestaoui, D. Foscallo, A. Denoyelle, D. Delabouglise y M. Vaujany. "Thermostable ionomeric filled membrane for H2/O2 fuel cell". Journal of Power Sources 74, n.º 1 (julio de 1998): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02816-4.

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10

Hong, Young-Jin y Seung M. Oh. "Fabrication of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) H2 sensors". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 32, n.º 1 (abril de 1996): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(96)80101-8.

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11

Khadke, Prashant Subhas y Ulrike Krewer. "Performance losses at H2/O2 alkaline membrane fuel cell". Electrochemistry Communications 51 (febrero de 2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.12.006.

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12

Rahman, Mahyudin Abdul y Eniya Dewi. "INOVASI TEKNOLOGI BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH BIOMASA KE ENERGI LISTRIK DENGAN TEKNOLOGI FUEL-CELL". Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 10, n.º 3 (14 de diciembre de 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i3.1478.

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Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43, Bacillus pumillus Asp-8 and co-culture of bothmicroorganism was inoculated and fermented by using molasses as by product ofsugar factory, sugar starch, and glycerol as by product of biodiesel into hydrogen gas(H2). Both producing double mutant bacteria as a facultative anaerobe and who wasobtained by classical mutagenetically treated in order to enhance H2 producing. Wehave obtained that E. aerogenes ADH-43 has highest ability for molasses fermentation,and the volume H2 reached 4,0 l H2/l molasses.The fermentation was carried out in 50ml vial bootle, 37 oC, pH 5.8 and 20 hrs. Optimization of molasses concentration wasperformed in order to study the inhibition, and finally, 2 % of molasses was found. Toenhance the yield and H2 flow rate, the fed-batch system was applied into 6 l StirredTank Fermentor (STR). Innitial volume 2 l of medium was fermented, 1 l fresh mediumwas added into reactor at 6 and 9 hrs of fermentation time. Finally the achieved volumeH2 was 6,5 l H2/l molasses, the remained molases was 0,2 %, and the fermentationtime could be prolonged 4 hrs compare to bacth fermentation. We have also found therelationship between the H2 evolution rate and the voltage of electrical formed whenwe connected into 7 stack of fuel-cell.

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13

Pethaiah, Sethu Sundar, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Arunkumar Jayakumar, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary y Gangadharan Sasikumar. "Methanol Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Using Polymer Electrolyte Membrane: A Mini-Review". Energies 13, n.º 22 (11 de noviembre de 2020): 5879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225879.

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Hydrogen (H2) has attained significant benefits as an energy carrier due to its gross calorific value (GCV) and inherently clean operation. Thus, hydrogen as a fuel can lead to global sustainability. Conventional H2 production is predominantly through fossil fuels, and electrolysis is now identified to be most promising for H2 generation. This review describes the recent state of the art and challenges on ultra-pure H2 production through methanol electrolysis that incorporate polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). It also discusses about the methanol electrochemical reforming catalysts as well as the impact of this process via PEM. The efficiency of H2 production depends on the different components of the PEM fuel cells, which are bipolar plates, current collector, and membrane electrode assembly. The efficiency also changes with the nature and type of the fuel, fuel/oxygen ratio, pressure, temperature, humidity, cell potential, and interfacial electronic level interaction between the redox levels of electrolyte and band gap edges of the semiconductor membranes. Diverse operating conditions such as concentration of methanol, cell temperature, catalyst loading, membrane thickness, and cell voltage that affect the performance are critically addressed. Comparison of various methanol electrolyzer systems are performed to validate the significance of methanol economy to match the future sustainable energy demands.

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14

Zhan, Zhipeng. "An amperometric H2 gas sensor based on ionic liquid for hydrogen fuel cell ships". E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102013.

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Hydrogen fuel cell ship is an important way to realize green shipping, and the safety of hydrogen fuel ship is primary issue that shall be concerned. H2 gas sensors can provide online monitoring of H2 concentration and it is an effective mean to insure safety of hydrogen fuel. In this study, an amperometric electrochemical H2 gas sensor based on room-temperature ionic liquid was developed, which was expected to be applicable to monitoring of H2 concentration in the hydrogen fuel cell ship. A threeelectrode H2 gas sensor was fabricated by using room-temperature ionic liquid N, N, N-trimethyl-Nbutanesulfonic acid ammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TMBSA][HSO4]) as electrolyte and using platinum black as catalyst. The H2 gas sensor not only had the advantages of the conventional aqueous electrolyte sensor, such as high sensitivity, fast response, and the linear relationship between the response current and the concentration of H2, but also overcame the problem that the conventional electrochemical gas sensor cannot be applied to high humidity environment. After storage in high-humidity environment (98% RH) for three weeks, the sensor had stable performances, with current signal drift less than 2.25%. The sensor has a good potential application prospect in ships with high temperature and humidity environment.

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15

Dekker, N. J. J. y G. Rietveld. "Highly Efficient Conversion of Ammonia in Electricity by Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, n.º 4 (27 de marzo de 2006): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349536.

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Hydrogen is the fuel for fuel cells with the highest cell voltage. A drawback for the use of hydrogen is the low energy density storage capacity, even at high pressures. Liquid fuels such as gasoline and methanol have a high energy density but lead to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2. Ammonia could be the ideal bridge fuel, having a high energy density at relative low pressure and no (local) CO2 emission. Ammonia as a fuel for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) appears to be very attractive, as shown by cell tests with electrolyte supported cells (ESC) as well as anode supported cells (ASC) with an active area of 81cm2. The cell voltage was measured as function of the electrical current, temperature, gas composition and ammonia (NH3) flow. With NH3 as fuel, electrical cell efficiencies up to 70% (LHV) can be achieved at 0.35A∕cm2 and 60% (LHV) at 0.6A∕cm2. The cell degradation during 3000 h of operation was comparable with H2 fueled measurements. Due to the high temperature and the catalytic active Ni∕YSZ anode, NH3 cracks at the anode into H2 and N2 with a conversion of >99.996%. The high NH3 conversion is partly due to the withdrawal of H2 by the electrochemical cell reaction. The remaining NH3 will be converted in the afterburner of the system. The NOx outlet concentration of the fuel cell is low, typically <0.5ppm at temperatures below 950°C and around 4ppm at 1000°C. A SOFC system fueled with ammonia is relative simple compared with a carbon containing fuel, since no humidification of the fuel is necessary. Moreover, the endothermic ammonia cracking reaction consumes part of the heat produced by the fuel cell, by which less cathode cooling air is required compared with H2 fueled systems. Therefore, the system for a NH3 fueled SOFC will have relatively low parasitic power losses and relative small heat exchangers for preheating the cathode air flow.

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16

Zhang, Ping, Yun-Hui Huang, Jin-Guang Cheng, Zong-Qiang Mao y John B. Goodenough. "Sr2CoMoO6 anode for solid oxide fuel cell running on H2 and CH4 fuels". Journal of Power Sources 196, n.º 4 (febrero de 2011): 1738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.10.007.

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17

González-Espasandín, Óscar, Teresa J. Leo, Miguel A. Raso y Emilio Navarro. "Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and H2 proton exchange membrane fuel (PEMFC/H2) cell performance under atmospheric flight conditions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". Renewable Energy 130 (enero de 2019): 762–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.105.

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18

Yoshida, Toshihiko, TaKemasa Hojo, Tetsuya Jozuka, Toshihiko Matsuda, Nemanja Danilovic, Adam Z. Weber y Toshiyuki Suzuki. "Influence of Proton Activity in H2/H2 Cells: Implications for Fuel-Cell Operation with Low Relative Humidities". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2021): 064509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0860.

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19

Garbis, Panagiota y Andreas Jess. "Selective CO Methanation in H2-Rich Gas for Household Fuel Cell Applications". Energies 13, n.º 11 (3 de junio de 2020): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112844.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are often used for household applications, utilizing hydrogen produced from natural gas from the gas grid. The hydrogen is thereby produced by steam reforming of natural gas followed by a water gas shift (WGS) unit. The H2-rich gas contains besides CO2 small amounts of CO, which deactivates the catalyst used in the PEMFCs. Preferential oxidation has so far been a reliable process to reduce this concentration but valuable H2 is also partly converted. Selective CO methanation considered as an attractive alternative. However, CO2 methanation consuming the valuable H2 has to be minimized. The modelling of selective CO methanation in a household fuel cell system is presented. The simulation was conducted for single and two-stage adiabatic fixed bed reactors (in the latter case with intermediate cooling), and the best operating conditions to achieve the required residual CO content (100 ppm) were calculated. This was done by varying the gas inlet temperature as well as the mass of the catalyst. The feed gas represented a reformate gas downstream of a typical WGS reaction unit (0.5%–1% CO, 10%–25% CO2, and 5%–20% H2O (rest H2)).

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20

Korotkikh, Olga y Robert Farrauto. "Selective catalytic oxidation of CO in H2: fuel cell applications". Catalysis Today 62, n.º 2-3 (noviembre de 2000): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00426-0.

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21

Liu, Yan, Yawei Li, Yuanzhen Chen, Ting Qu, Chengyong Shu, Xiaodong Yang, Haiyan Zhu et al. "A CO2/H2 fuel cell: reducing CO2 while generating electricity". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, n.º 17 (2020): 8329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta02855j.

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22

Nguyen, T. V., H. Kreutzer, V. Yarlagadda, E. McFarland y N. Singh. "HER/HOR Catalysts for the H2-Br2 Fuel Cell System". ECS Transactions 53, n.º 7 (2 de mayo de 2013): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05307.0075ecst.

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23

Pijolat, C., G. Tournier y J. P. Viricelle. "CO detection in H2 reducing atmosphere with mini fuel cell". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 156, n.º 1 (agosto de 2011): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.04.034.

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24

Yamanaka, Ichiro. "Direct Synthesis of H2O2 by a H2/O2 Fuel Cell". Catalysis Surveys from Asia 12, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2008): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10563-008-9041-9.

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25

Otsuka, Kiyoshi, Kiyokazu Ishizuka y Ichiro Yamanaka. "Synthesis of cresols by applying H2O2 fuel cell reaction". Electrochimica Acta 37, n.º 13 (octubre de 1992): 2549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)87097-j.

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26

Zubkova, Marina, Alexander Stroganov, Alexander Chusov y Dmitry Molodtsov. "Hydrogenous Fuel as an Energy Material for Efficient Operation of Tandem System Based on Fuel Cells". Key Engineering Materials 723 (diciembre de 2016): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.616.

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This paper presents the results of relatively cheap hydrogenous fuel usage as an energy material for energy supply stand-alone environmentally friendly systems creation. Usage of fuel cells running on hydrogenous fuel is a promising direction in creation of stand-alone power supply systems in low-rise residential development. Presented thermodynamic calculations and material balance data for electric and thermal components assessment in considered ways to use convention products, performance enhancement in tandem system based on fuel cells with full heat regeneration. The total effective efficiency of the tandem installation including the fuel converter, separating system, high-temperature fuel cell, low-temperature fuel cell is higher than for each of the fuel cell elements separately. Distribution of H2 for LTFC and HTFC is determined in compliance with the conditions of the positive heat balance to compensate the heat used for the endoenergic reaction in the converter, input stream heating and heat losses. The total effective efficiency under making full use of recovered heat for considered tandem system depends on the efficiency of its constituent fuel cells. Energetically effective distribution of H2 on streams of high-temperature and low-temperature oxidation according to a position of observance of positive thermal balance on an external contour of tandem system, is reached by operation of HTFC electric efficiency in the range of 50 ÷ 55%.

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27

Wang, Jiang-Tao y Robert F. Savinell. "Simulation studies on the fuel electrode of a H2O2 polymer electrolyte fuel cell". Electrochimica Acta 37, n.º 15 (diciembre de 1992): 2737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)85201-u.

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28

Koizumi, Satoshi. "In-situ Observation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using Deuterium Gas". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5 de agosto de 2014): C1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086756.

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In order to visualize water distribution in an operating fuel cell, we combined two different methods using neutron as a probe, i.e., a combined method of small-angle & ultra-small-angle scattering (SANS) and radiography imaging. SANS observes water distribution in a membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA), whereas radiography observes bulk water appeared in a gas flow channel (so called "flooding"). The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) was specially designed suitable for small-angle neutron scattering by replacing materials with aluminum in order to decrease background scattering. We employed hydrogen gas (H2) and deuterated gas (D2) as a fuel for operation. With exchange of H2 and D2, we aim to perform a contrast variation as for polyelectrolyte film (Nafion). When D gas is used as a fuel, D2O is produced at the cathode and diffuses back to the film. Then the film, originally swollen by H2O, exhibits change of coherent scattering contrast. By changing a fuel gas from H2 to D2, SANS quantitatively detected decrease of scattering intensity at scattering maximum originating from the ion-channel in the electrolyte. After quantitative analyses on scattering intensity, which is related to water ratio (H2O/D2O) in the ion channel, we found that 30 wt% of the total water is replaced by D2O by changing the gas from H2 to D2. In a stationary state of fuel cell operation using D2, the scattering intensity rhythmically oscillates (respiration of fuel cell). The rhythmic oscillation found for the peak intensity is a non-equilibrium and non-linear phenomenon, in which "flooding" in a flow field is a feedback mechanism to slow down chemical reaction or water production by affecting mass transportation of air at the cathode. A valance between two diffusions, (i) back diffusion of D2O from the cathode to the electrolyte and (ii) diffusion of H2O supplied as humidity, determines a time interval of the respiration.

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29

Ibusuki, Yuta, Yoshihiro Hirata, Soichiro Sameshima y Naoki Matsunaga. "Influence of Composition of Gd-Doped Ceria Electrolyte on Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell". Materials Science Forum 724 (junio de 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.389.

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Cell performance was measured for four types of Ni (40 vol%)-Gd-doped ceria (GDC) anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with GDC electrolyte (40-120 μm thickness) of Ce1-xGdxO2-x/2 compositions (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) at 773-1073 K using a H2 fuel. (La0.8Sr0.2)(Co0.8Fe0.2)O3 cathode was printed on the GDC films. The open circuit voltage and maximum power density at 873-1073 K showed a maximum at x = 0.1. The maximum power density at x = 0.1 was 166 and 506 mW/cm2 at 873 and 1073 K, respectively. The excess oxygen vacancy at x = 0.1-0.2, which does not contribute to the oxide ion conductivity, reacts with a H2 fuel to form electrons (H2 + VO 2H+ + VO×, VO× VO + 2e-). This reaction reduces the cell performance.

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30

Abdullah, Aboubakr M., Takeyoshi Okajima, Ahmad M. Mohammad, Fusao Kitamura y Takeo Ohsaka. "Temperature gradients measurements within a segmented H2/air PEM fuel cell". Journal of Power Sources 172, n.º 1 (octubre de 2007): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.044.

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31

Mzoughi, Dhia, Nabila Khili, Hatem Allagui y Abdelkader Mami. "Control of Incoming H2/O2 Flows in a PEM Fuel Cell". American Journal of Applied Sciences 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2015): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2015.8.19.

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32

Romero, Tatiana, R. Rivera, O. Solorza y P. J. Sebastian. "Fabrication and testing of a H2–O2 fuel cell using MoxRuySez". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 23, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1998): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(98)00016-0.

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33

B. Arboleda Jr., Nelson y Hideaki Kasai. "First Principles Investigations on Fuel Cell Reactions: H2-Pt(111) Interactions". e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 6 (2008): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/ejssnt.2008.134.

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34

Milton, Ross D., Rong Cai, Sofiene Abdellaoui, Dónal Leech, Antonio L. De Lacey, Marcos Pita y Shelley D. Minteer. "Bioelectrochemical Haber-Bosch Process: An Ammonia-Producing H2 /N2 Fuel Cell". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, n.º 10 (3 de febrero de 2017): 2680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201612500.

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35

Milton, Ross D., Rong Cai, Sofiene Abdellaoui, Dónal Leech, Antonio L. De Lacey, Marcos Pita y Shelley D. Minteer. "Bioelectrochemical Haber-Bosch Process: An Ammonia-Producing H2 /N2 Fuel Cell". Angewandte Chemie 129, n.º 10 (3 de febrero de 2017): 2724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201612500.

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36

Schmidt, V. M. "Oxidation of H2/CO in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell". ECS Proceedings Volumes 1995-23, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199523.0001pv.

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37

ALSALEH, M., S. GULTEKIN, A. ALZAKRI y H. CELIKER. "Performance of porous nickel electrode for alkaline H2/O2 fuel cell". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 19, n.º 8 (agosto de 1994): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(94)90160-0.

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38

Miachon, S. y P. Aldebert. "Internal hydration H2/O2 100 cm2 polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell". Journal of Power Sources 56, n.º 1 (julio de 1995): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(95)80005-2.

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39

Sapre, Shitanshu, Kapil Pareek, Rupesh Rohan y Pawan Kumar Singh. "H2 refueling assessment of composite storage tank for fuel cell vehicle". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, n.º 42 (septiembre de 2019): 23699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.07.044.

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40

Ono, Katsutoshi. "Method to Generate Electric Power and Hydrogen in the Absence Of External Energy". Journal of New Developments in Chemistry 2, n.º 1 (27 de septiembre de 2018): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-18-2224.

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This paper describes the theoretical foundations for the electric power and hydrogen generator that functions with zero energy input without violating the laws of thermodynamics. This generation system is a combined energy cycle consisting of the H2O=H2+1/2O2 reduction reaction performed by the water electrolytic cell and the H2+1/2O2=H2O oxidation reaction performed by the fuel cell. This electrolytic method differs from the conventional electrolytic scheme in that if a quasi-static process is assumed, so that the theoretical power requirement is only 17% of the total energy required. This method performs electrostatic-to-chemical energy conversion by electrostatic-induction potential-superposed electrolytic scheme. If this electrolytic cell that delivers the pure stoichiometric H2-O2 mixture is combined with a fuel cell to form an energy cycle, then this may lead to the concepts of a hydrogen redox electric power generator and a hydrogen redox hydrogen generator that use alkaline water electrolyte or solid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for both electrolytic cell and fuel cell. In the power generator, part of power delivered by the fuel cell is returned to the electrolytic cell, and the remainder represents the net power output. According to calculations based on data from the operational conditions for commercially available electrolytic cell and fuel cell, more than 70% of the power delivered from the fuel cell can be extracted outside the cycle as net power output without the use of any external source of energy.

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41

Lo Faro, Massimiliano, Sabrina Campagna Zignani y Antonino Salvatore Aricò. "Lanthanum Ferrites-Based Exsolved Perovskites as Fuel-Flexible Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". Materials 13, n.º 14 (20 de julio de 2020): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143231.

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Exsolved perovskites can be obtained from lanthanum ferrites, such as La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3, as result of Ni doping and thermal treatments. Ni can be simply added to the perovskite by an incipient wetness method. Thermal treatments that favor the exsolution process include calcination in air (e.g., 500 °C) and subsequent reduction in diluted H2 at 800 °C. These processes allow producing a two-phase material consisting of a Ruddlesden–Popper-type structure and a solid oxide solution e.g., α-Fe100-y-zCoyNizOx oxide. The formed electrocatalyst shows sufficient electronic conductivity under reducing environment at the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anode. Outstanding catalytic properties are observed for the direct oxidation of dry fuels in SOFCs, including H2, methane, syngas, methanol, glycerol, and propane. This anode electrocatalyst can be combined with a full density electrolyte based on Gadolinia-doped ceria or with La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 (LSGM) or BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ (BYCO) to form a complete perovskite structure-based cell. Moreover, the exsolved perovskite can be used as a coating layer or catalytic pre-layer of a conventional Ni-YSZ anode. Beside the excellent catalytic activity, this material also shows proper durability and tolerance to sulfur poisoning. Research challenges and future directions are discussed. A new approach combining an exsolved perovskite and an NiCu alloy to further enhance the fuel flexibility of the composite catalyst is also considered. In this review, the preparation methods, physicochemical characteristics, and surface properties of exsoluted fine nanoparticles encapsulated on the metal-depleted perovskite, electrochemical properties for the direct oxidation of dry fuels, and related electrooxidation mechanisms are examined and discussed.

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42

Uma, Thanganathan. "Single Cell Performances Based Glass Composite Membrane for Low Temperature H2/O2 Fuel Cells". International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology V5, n.º I2 (13 de diciembre de 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/2410-1869.2018.05.02.01.

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43

Wiebe, Wilhelm, Thomas v. Unwerth y Sven Schmitz. "Hydrogen pump for hydrogen recirculation in fuel cell vehicles". E3S Web of Conferences 155 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015501001.

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A promising alternative to fossil-fuelled vehicles are battery-powered vehicles and fuel cell (FC) vehicles. The major differences between fuel cell and battery-powered vehicles are the range and refuelling times of each vehicle type. With a hydrogen (Hed vehicles are the range and refuelling times of each vehicle type. With a hydrogen (H2) fuelling time of approx. 5 minutes it is possible to cover a distance of up to 800 km with a fuel cell vehicle. These properties make a fuel cell vehicle comparable to a fossil fuel powered vehicle. Furthermore, due to short fuelling times and long range capabilities, fuel cell vehicles are more suitable for long-distance, trucking and agriculture than battery-powered vehicles. The aim of current research is to increase the profitability of fuel cells by reducing costs and improving performance. To ensure a high performance of the fuel cell stack, more hydrogen is supplied to the stack than is needed for the reaction. Therefore, unused hydrogen is pumped back to the anode inlet of the FC-stack using a jet pump or a recirculation blower. In this study, the application of an electrochemical compressor or hydrogen pump (HP) for hydrogen recirculation is suggested. The hydrogen pump is an innovative H2 transport technology with the additional functions of compression and purification in the recirculation system. Hydrogen pumps are very efficient compared to mechanical compressors due to the almost isothermal conditions they operate under. Furthermore, due to the modular design, hydrogen compressors can utilize a minimal amount of space in vehicles.

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44

O’Brien, Julie S. y Javier B. Giorgi. "Solid oxide fuel cell with NiCo–YSZ cermet anode for oxidation of CO/H2 fuel mixtures". Journal of Power Sources 200 (febrero de 2012): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.080.

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45

Palma, Vincenzo, Antonio Ricca y Paolo Ciambelli. "Fuel cell feed system based on H2 production by a compact multi-fuel catalytic ATR reactor". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.124.

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46

Thimmappa, Ravikumar, Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli Devendrachari, Shahid Shafi, Stefan Freunberger y Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl. "Proton conducting hollow graphene oxide cylinder as molecular fuel barrier for tubular H2-air fuel cell". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, n.º 47 (diciembre de 2016): 22305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.057.

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47

Herlambang, Yusuf Dewantoro y Anis Roihatin. "Teknologi Pembangkit Listrik Energi Baru Terbarukan Menggunakan Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Skala Kecil". Eksergi 15, n.º 1 (14 de junio de 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v15i1.1464.

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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisa unjuk kerja paling baik PEM Fuel Cell terhadap pengaruh laju aliran gas hidrogen dan oksigen. Metode yang digunakan dari studi literatur dan pengumpulan data untuk mendesain alat, disertai bimbingan dengan dosen agar hasilnya maksimal. Setelah itu, barulah diadakan pengadaan bahan untuk proses pembuatan alat agar dapat diuji. Pada pengujian elektroliser dilakukan variasi konsentrasi KOH dan arus input, sedangkan pada pengujian fuel cell dilakukan variasi laju aliran gas H2 dan O2 serta beban menggunakan lampu LED dioda. Dari hasil pengujian dan perhitungan elektroliser jumlah produksi gas hidrogen paling tinggi pada konsentrasi 2M dengan arus 20A sebesar 189,3 ml dan efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 93,5% . Dari data tersebut digunakan untuk menguji fuel cell. Pada fuel cell efisiensi tertinggi dan unjuk kerja paling bagus ada pada pemberian input gas H2 0,81 ml/s dan O2 0,45 ml/s dengan nilai efisiensi 4,25% dan nilai SFC 0,7 kg/kWh.</p>

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48

Modjtahedi, Ali, Nader Hedayat y Steven S. C. Chuang. "The direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell with H2 and H2O feeds". Solid State Ionics 268 (diciembre de 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2014.09.014.

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49

Li, W., M. Gong y X. Liu. "H2 Oxidation on Doped Yttrium Chromites Anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell". ECS Transactions 57, n.º 1 (6 de octubre de 2013): 1479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05701.1479ecst.

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50

Uma, T. y M. Nogami. "A Novel Glass Membrane for Low Temperature H2/O2 Fuel Cell Electrolytes". Fuel Cells 7, n.º 4 (agosto de 2007): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200700006.

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