Tesis: "Habitual aspect"

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Tescari, Neto Aquiles 1983. "AdvPs de aspecto habitual como modalizadores inerentes : um estudo translinguistico". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268920.

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Orientador: Sonia Maria Lazzarini Cyrino
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O estudo da modalização na literatura lingüística tem excluído do grupo dos advérbios modalizadores os que indicam aspecto habitual (como ¿normalmente¿ e ¿geralmente¿, em português; ¿usually¿ e ¿generally¿, em inglês; ¿tongchang¿, em chinês; ¿sinithos¿, em grego; etc.). Esta dissertação propõe, ao assumir a Teoria dos Especificadores Funcionais, uma abordagem formal de sintaxe adverbial (Cinque, 1999, 2004), que advérbios habituais constituem, nas línguas do mundo, um subgrupo de modalizadores de descomprometimento do falante, como os epistêmicos (¿provavelmente¿), os irrealis (¿talvez¿) e os aléticos de possibilidade (¿possivelmente¿), considerados os representantes dos AdvPs modais. AdvPs habituais, a exemplo dos outros AdvPs modalizadores, tornam a proposição indeterminada em relação a seu estatuto factual (definição de modalidade proposta em Narrog (2005)). Com base na agramaticalidade de sentenças envolvendo, no espaço IP, advérbios habituais e advérbios modalizadores tradicionais, propomos que os advérbios de aspecto habitual são modalizadores inerentes, por reagirem à presença dos outros modalizadores. Para tanto, formulamos a Condição (¿tau¿), que bloquearia as sentenças com itens funcionais de mesmo traço em um XP funcional (CP, IP ou DP estendidos). Evidência adicional para o reconhecimento dos advérbios habituais como modalizadores vem do comportamento também modalizador do núcleo de aspecto habitual, em línguas que o expressam morfofonologicamente, como o grego, o coreano e o basco. Nesse sentido, não apenas os adverbiais aspectuais habituais são modalizadores; o aspecto habitual como um todo instanciaria modalização
Abstract: The study of modality available in general Linguistics literature has excluded from the group of modal adverbs those which indicate habitual aspect, such as ¿normalmente¿ and ¿geralmente¿, in Portuguese; ¿usually¿ and ¿generally¿, in English; ¿tongchang¿, in Chinese; ¿sinithos¿ in Modern Greek, etc. By acknowledging the Funtional-Specifiers Theory, a formal approach to adverbial Syntax (Cinque, 1999, 2004), this thesis proposes the idea that habitual aspect adverbs are indeed modal ones, such as the epistemic (¿probably¿), irrealis (¿perhaps¿) and alethic of possibility (¿possibly¿) adverbs, usually considered as the representatives of modal AdvP classes. Habitual adverbs, as the traditional modal adverbs, make the proposition undetermined with respect to its factual status (Narrog (2005)¿s definition of modality). Based on the ungrammaticality of sentences which have habitual adverbs and traditional modal ones in the extended-IP space, we will propose that habitual aspect AdvPs are inherent modals: they cannot co-occur with another modal adverb, as a consequence of ¿_ (tau) Condition¿, which we have formulated to account for the ungrammatical sentences which have more than one functional item (Spec or Head) in the same functional XP domain (extended CP, IP or DP). Additional evidence for the modal status of habitual aspect adverbs comes from the moda behavior of the habitual aspect head in some languages which express morphophonologically the habitual aspect, such as Modern Greek, Korean and Basque. In this sense, Habitual Aspect as a whole, no only habitual aspect adverbs, would express modality in the languages of the world
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística

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2

Curtis, Hugh. "’she bes delighted with herself’ : Habitual marking in Irish English". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24115.

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The habitual aspect has been a feature of Irish English for centuries. How it has evolved may have had a lot to do with contact between Standard English and the Celtic language, Irish, spoken in Ireland. As time passes does the impact which these two languages have had on each other weaken? How has a major feature of Irish English, the habitual aspect, fared in the digital world? This essay executes some digital detective work and finds that habitual markers do be always there…

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Kasper, Christian Pierre. "Habitar a rua". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280488.

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Orientador: Laymert Garcia dos Santos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo da cultura material de moradores de rua na cidade de São Paulo sob uma dupla perspectiva: do habitar, enquanto modo de ocupação do espaço, criação de territórios e de uma tecnologia como forma ativa de relação com o meio urbano, caracterizada como bricolagem. O ponto de vista adotado encara os modos de existência dos moradores de rua como formas de vida possíveis, e não em termos de carência, remetida a uma suposta normalidade. Tomando o estado de constante exposição de si como traço distintivo da condição de quem mora nas ruas, seu enfoque está nas táticas mobilizadas para tornar a rua habitável, táticas que envolvem o questionamento prático das funcionalidades estabelecidas, tanto dos locais públicos ocupados quanto dos materiais descartados encontrados nas ruas da cidade
Abstract: This thesis presents a study of the material culture of homeless people in the city of São Paulo, following a double perspective: of dwelling, as a mode of space occupation and creation of territories, and of a technology, as an active form of relation to the urban milieu, characterized as bricolage. The point of view adopted contemplates the modes of existence of the street dwellers as possible forms of life, and not in terms of lack, refered to a supposed normality. Taking the state of constant self-exposure as the distinctive trait of the homeless condition, it focus on the tactics mobilized to make the street inhabitable, tactics which envolve the practical questioning of the functionality of both the occupied public places and the descarted materials found in the city¿s streets
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

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Wramsby, Margaretha. "Reproductive aspects of the protein C system in women /". Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4636-1/.

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Wong, Tung-kwong y 黃東光. "Aspects of habitual physical activity in Hong Kong primary school children". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220125.

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Wong, Tung-kwong. "Aspects of habitual physical activity in Hong Kong primary school children /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20263466.

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Ordway, Leonard L. "HABITAT USE BY DESERT MULE DEER (ASPECT, ELEVATION, SLOPE, ARIZONA)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291232.

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Kauffman, Jane B. "The relationship between habitual thoracic breathing and self reported stress levels". Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902484.

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This study addressed the location of the breathing movement and its relationship to stress levels. Sixty-three Ball State students voluntarily participated by completing the A-State and A-Trait forms of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Under the pretense that they would be questioned about music later, each participant also listened to preselected music for about 4 minutes in both seated and reclining positions. The participants were unaware that their breathing was being observed. During the listening portion of the study from behind a one-way mirror, 3 trained observers rated each breath as either thoracic or non-thoracic. The percentage of total breaths that were thoracic was calculated for each subject in both positions. Interrater reliability was determined inadequate for data of participants in the reclining position. The scores on the STAI and the percentage of thoracic breaths were the variables analyzed. A Pearson R correlation was then used to test the hypotheses. Null hypothesis 1, that there is no relationship between percentage of total breaths that are thoracic in a seated position and scores for AState, was upheld. Also, no relationship was found between percentage of total breaths that are thoracic in a seated position and scores for A-Trait, therefore, null hypothesis 2 was also upheld. This study also found that 71% of the participants breathing style is primarily thoracic. These findings and procedural effects on the outcome as well as implications for further research were discussed.
Fisher Institute for Wellness

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Said, Laila Refiana. "The influences of cognitive, experiential and habitual factors in online games playing". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0100.

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[Truncated abstract] Online games are an exciting new trend in the consumption of entertainment and provide the opportunity to examine selected antecedents of online game-playing based on studying the cognitive, experiential and habitual factors. This study was divided into two parts. The first part analysed the structural relations among research variables that might explain online game-playing using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. These analyses were conducted on a final sample of 218 online gamers. Specific issues examined were: If the variables of Perceived Game Performance, Satisfaction, Hedonic Responses, Flow and Habit Strength influence the Intention to Replay an online game. The importance of factors such as Hedonic Responses and Flow on Satisfaction in online game play. In addition to the SEM, analyses of the participants? reported past playing behaviour were conducted to test whether past game play was simply a matter of random frequency of past behaviour, or followed the specific pattern of the Negative Binomial Distribution (NBD). … The playing-time distribution was not significantly different to the Gamma distribution, in which the largest number of gamers plays for a short time (light gamers) and only a few gamers account for a large proportion of playing time (heavy gamers). Therefore, the reported time play followed a simple and predictable NBD pattern (Chisquare=. 390; p>.05). This study contributes to knowledge in the immediate field of online games and to the wider body of literature on consumer research. The findings demonstrate that gamers tend to act habitually in their playing behaviour. These findings support the argument that past behaviour (habit) is a better explanation of future behaviour than possible cognitive and affective explanations, especially for the apparent routinesed behaviour pattern on online games. The pattern of online game-playing is consistent with the finding of the NBD pattern in television viewing, in which the generalisability of the NBD model has been found in stable environments of repetitive behaviour. This supports the application of the NBD to areas beyond those of patterns in gambling and the purchase of consumer items. The findings have implications both for managerial and public policy decision-making.

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Leng, Yue. "Epidemiology of habitual sleep patterns in a prospective cohort : the EPIC-Norfolk study". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709102.

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Weibull, Henrik. "Bryophytes on boulders : diversity, habitat preferences and conservation aspects /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/99-3371261-6.pdf.

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Harwell, Heather D. "Landscape aspects of oyster reefs : fragmentation and habitat utilization /". Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/harwellh/heatherharwell.pdf.

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Barreto, Eccia Alécia. "A expressão do aspecto habitual : um estudo na fala e na escrita de Itabaiana/SE". Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5771.

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This study aims at identifying the traits and the contexts that characterize the habitual aspect occurrence in a sample of speech and writing Itabaiana/SE community in order to contribute to the aspectual descriptive model and support Portuguese language teaching. We begin with a compositional point of view, predicting the interaction between grammatical and lexical components for its expression. In addition, we propose a guided approach by American cognitive functionalism (BYBEE, 2010; GIVON, 2011) combined with the notion of aspectual gradience proposed by Bybee et al. (1994). We understand that linguistic phenomena are derived from cognitive processes and human communication occurs on the basis of experiments involving participants and non-homogeneous contexts (BYBEE, 2010). In order to investigate the traits and contexts that influence the use of habitual aspect within the samples, we controlled the linguistic factors as well as formal, cognitive and discursive character: I) aspectual modifier (presence or absence); II) aspectual traits: durativity [+ / - durative], dynamism [+ / - dynamic], homogeneity [+ /- homogeneous]; III) Vendler s actional classes + cognition + (activity, status, accomplishments, achievements and cognitive); IV) tense - imperfect, past perfect; and other tenses that proved to be relevant to compose the habitual aspect; V) verb: Simple or periphrastic; VI) gradations of modality: degree 1, degree 2, degree 3 and degree 4; VII) specification of reiteration: (+ / - specifiable); VIII) type of textual sequence: narrative, opinionated, descriptive texts and essays; VIX) discourse topic: intertopic level, inter-clausal level and intratopic level; X) agentivity: active and passive subjects. For the study proposed by us, we take the corpus of analysis the following databases: Itabaiana / SE s Intellectual Speakers (ARAUJO; BARRETO; FREITAG, 2012) and Itabaiana / SE s Narrative and Opinionated Texts Writing Database (ARAUJO; PEIXOTO; FREITAG, 2012), which are linked to the Group of Studies in Language, Interaction and Society (GELINS). Data were subjected to statistical analysis, from which we noted that arrangements traits are more prototypical to the expression of habitual aspect in Itabaiana / SE, what may present a proposal for gradience. Thus, 396 contexts of habituation were analyzed. The quantitative data suggest that there were changes in trajectories, which require stages with a reduced stability of the system as there are overlapping forms (PP and IP) that can perform the same function: the expression of habitual aspect. The quantitative results suggest a continuum of shapes PP and PI for the expression of habituation. Besides presenting some peculiarities, stative aspectual modifier + verb + PP update the habitual aspect, in which the situation is seen as unique and durative, uninterrupted in its duration, but being repeated indefinitely, taking into account that its last limits are not visible. Furthermore, the structures with action verbs + PI or aspectual modifier + nonstative verb + PI also update the habitual aspect, therefore, the situation is not perceived as unique, but as repeating indefinitely. Moreover, through Vendler s (1957) decomposition of aspectual classes, developed by Bertinetto (2001), we conclude that stative verbs promote the emergence of habitual aspect in interaction with PP due to its trait [- dynamic] and the presence of aspectual modifier. In contrast, action verbs promote the interaction with PI aspect and, in some cases, with the presence of an aspectual modifier because they share the trait [+ dynamic].
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os traços e contextos que caracterizam a ocorrência do aspecto habitual, em uma amostra de fala e escrita da comunidade de Itabaiana/SE, a fim de contribuir para o modelo descritivo aspectual e subsidiar aplicações para o ensino de língua portuguesa. Partimos de uma visão composicional de aspecto, prevendo a interação entre componentes gramaticais e lexicais para a sua expressão. Propomos uma abordagem guiada pelo funcionalismo cognitivista norte-americano (BYBEE, 2010; GIVÓN, 2011), articulada com a noção de gradiência aspectual, proposta por Bybee et al. (1994). Assumimos a perspectiva de que os fenômenos linguísticos derivam de processos cognitivos e que a comunicação humana ocorre em função das experiências, que envolvem participantes e contextos não homogêneos (BYBEE, 2010). Para investigarmos os traços e contextos que influenciam o uso do aspecto habitual, dentro das amostras, controlamos os fatores linguísticos, de caráter formal, cognitivo e discursivo: i) modificador aspectual (presença ou ausência); ii) traços aspectuais: duratividade [+/ - durativo], dinamismo [+ / - dinâmico], homogeneidade [+ / -homogêneo]; iii) classes acionais de Vendler + cognição (atividade, estado, accomplishments, achievements e cognitivo); iv) tempo verbal pretérito imperfeito, pretérito perfeito; e outros tempos verbais que se mostraram relevantes para compor o aspecto habitual; v) forma verbal: simples ou perifrástica; vi) gradações de modalidade: grau1, grau 2, grau 3 e grau 4; vii) especificação da reiteração: (+ / - especificável); viii) tipo de sequência textual: narrativo, opinativo, dissertativo e descritivo; vix) tópico discursivo: nível intertópico, nível inter-oracional e nível intratópico; x) agentividade: sujeito ativo e sujeito passivo. Para o estudo que propomos, tomamos como corpus de análise os bancos de dados Falantes Cultos de Itabaiana/SE (ARAUJO; BARRETO; FREITAG, 2012) e Banco de Dados de Escrita Textos Narrativos e Opinativos (ARAUJO; PEIXOTO; FREITAG, 2012), da comunidade de Itabaiana/SE, vinculados ao Grupo de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Sociedade (GELINS). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, a partir da qual evidenciamos quais arranjos de traços são mais prototípicos para a expressão do aspecto habitual na comunidade de Itabaiana/SE, podendo apresentar uma proposta de gradiência. Foram analisados 396 contextos de habitualidade. Os dados quantitativos sugerem as trajetórias de mudança que pressupõem estágios de menor estabilidade do sistema, na medida em que ocorre a sobreposição de formas (PP e PI) para o desempenho de uma mesma função: a expressão do aspecto habitual. Os resultados quantitativos sugerem um continuum das formas de PP e PI quanto à expressão da habitualidade. Além de apresentar algumas especificidades, como, por exemplo, modificador aspectual + verbo estativo + PP atualizam o aspecto habitual, em que a situação é vista como única e durativa, sem interrupções no seu tempo de duração, mas se repetindo indeterminadamente, já que os limites finais não são visíveis. Também as estruturas com verbos de atividade + PI ou modificador aspectual + verbo não estativo + PI também atualizam o aspecto habitual, fazendo com que a situação seja percebida não como única, mas como se repetindo indeterminadamente. Além disso, por meio da decomposição das classes aspectuais de Vendler (1957) elaborada por Bertinetto (2001), concluímos que os verbos estativos favorecem a emergência do aspecto habitual em interação com PP devido ao seu traço [ dinâmico] e pela presença do modificador aspectual. Em contrapartida, verbos de atividade favorecem o aspecto habitual em interação com PI e, em alguns casos, com a presença de um modificador aspectual, por compartilharem o traço [+ dinâmico].

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Ibbotson, Anton Trevor. "Some aspects of fish habitat relationships in southern English chalk streams". Thesis, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281671.

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Silveira, Julio Cezar Fernandes da. "Aspectos genéticos e ambientais da atividade física habitual e da aptidão física relacionada à saúde". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93605.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2010
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O presente estudo buscou estimar os efeitos genéticos e ambientais no nível de atividade física habitual e na aptidão física relacionada à saúde por meio do estudo de diferentes expressões fenotípicas em crianças e adolescentes gêmeos. A amostra foi do tipo intencional não probabilística, formada por 52 pares de gêmeos, sendo 25 do sexo masculino (MZ= 10; DZ= 15) e 28 do feminino (MZ= 14; DZ= 13) com idades de 7 a 17 anos. As variáveis estudadas foram: zigotia (dermatóglifos; questionário); antropometria (massa corporal; estatura) e composição corporal (DEXA); aptidão física relacionada à saúde: abdominal modificado; barra modificada; sentar e alcançar modificado e vai-e-vem de 20 metros (FITNESSGRAM); análise sangüínea (triglicerídeos; colesterol; glicose); atividade física (acelerometria). Inicialmente realizou-se o cálculo do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para os gêmeos MZ e para os DZ em cada fenótipo. Posteriormente foram calculados os efeitos genéticos (h2), do envolvimento comum (c2) e do envolvimento único (e2), por meio de equações específicas. Por fim, foi utilizada a correlação linear de Pearson para relacionar a atividade física com os componentes sangüíneos. Os resultados indicaram para os fenótipos da atividade física predominância dos efeitos genéticos (80%) na atividade física relacionada a escola e/ou trabalho # AFET, e na atividade física relacionada ao lazer # AFRL (78%) e uma equivalência destes efeitos e do envolvimento comum na atividade física total # AFT (h2= 44%;c2= 44%). Nos fenótipos da aptidão física verificou-se predominância moderada dos efeitos genéticos na força/ resistência abdominal (44,8%); na flexibilidade (48%); e na capacidade cardiorrespiratória (48%) sendo estes efeitos elevados na força/ resistência de tronco (72%). Nos fenótipos da composição corporal, houve predominância dos efeitos genéticos no IMC (48%); e do envolvimento comum na massa magra (88%) e no tecido adiposo (68%). Nos fenótipos sanguíneos houve predominância moderada dos efeitos genéticos no colesterol total e glicose (46%) e moderada/ elevada no colesterol LDL (58%). As correlações entre AFT e variáveis sanguíneas nos gêmeos MZ mostraram-se negativas para o CT; LDL; TGL e GLI e positiva para HDL, sendo estatisticamente significante para os primeiros três componentes. Nos gêmeos DZ as correlações não foram significantes, e se mostraram positivas para CT; LDL; GLI e TGL, sendo negativa para HDL. Os efeitos genéticos foram moderados ou elevados para os fenótipos da atividade física habitual; para os fenótipos sangüíneos, e, para os fenótipos da aptidão física relacionada à saúde, exceção a composição corporal onde houve predominância dos efeitos do envolvimento comum.

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Conlin, Barbara E. "Aspects of habitat selection by a tropical serpulid polychaete spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas)". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61991.

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Papazoglou, Fotini. "Aspects of habitat selection in the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus in Sussex". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360490.

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18

Schultz, Andrew Alan. "Selected Aspects of the Natural History and Culture of Gila Chub". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194678.

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I studied habitat preferences of Gila chub in a canyon-bound system (Bonita Creek) and a marsh system (Cienega Creek). Gila chub in Bonita Creek, frequently occurred in a broader range of habitat types and conditions than Gila chub in Cienega Creek. Gila chub in Cienega Creek were highly pool oriented. In contrast, Gila chub in Bonita Creek generally preferred, or used in proportion, swifter shallower habitat types. Segregation between size classes in relation to habitat variables was noted, but was less than expected. I studied other life-history characteristics as well and found reproduction commencing in February, peaking in spring, and dropping off as summer begins. Spawning in the fall is suggested by the presence of small YOY and gonad development. I also evaluated methods to spawn and rear Gila chub. Following initial spawning, Gila chub spawned consistently in the laboratory without hormonal, chemical, photoperiod, or drastic temperature and substrate manipulation, during all times of the year. Spawns were noted at temperatures ranging from about 15 to 26°C but spawning above 24°C occurred infrequently. Larval Gila chub fed a commercial diet grew the same or slightly better than those fed thawed Artemia sp. nauplii, and significantly better than those fed chicken Gallus domesticus egg-yolk powder, but survived significantly better when fed Artemia. Despite the latter, observations suggest Artemia nauplii may be difficult for first-feeding larval Gila chub to handle. Thawed chironomid sp. larvae clearly outperformed prepared commercial feeds for small and large juvenile Gila chub with respect to growth. Growth of larval Gila chub was highest at 28ºC and lowest at 32ºC, while survival of larval Gila chub was highest at 24ºC and lowest at 20ºC. Spinal deformities were common (about 47%) for larval Gila chub reared at 32ºC but generally uncommon for those reared at lower temperatures. Water temperatures from 20-28ºC appear suitable for rearing larval Gila chub, with temperatures from 24-28ºC more optimal. Water temperatures from 20-29ºC appear suitable for rearing juvenile Gila chub. My data strongly support increasing rearing density having a negative effect on growth and survival (larval only) of Gila chub. Although populations of Gila chub share many natural history traits, my data suggests habitat use can vary among systems. It is possible unique preferences and strategies exist between different populations of Gila chub. Thus managers should be cautious about applying information based on one population to others. The future of Gila chub may someday depend in part on hatchery propagation to provide specimens for restocking formerly occupied habitats and establishing refuge populations. Information from my study can aid future efforts to successfully spawn and rear Gila chub and related species.

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Anjos, Daniela Dias dos 1979. "A profissão docente em questão : gênero de atividade, gênero de discurso e habitus". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251019.

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Orientador: Ana Luiza Bustamante Smolka
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Doutorado
Psicologia Educacional
Doutora em Educação

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Hastie, Gordon Drummond. "Fine-scale aspects of habitat use and behaviour by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU145531.

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This study explored habitat use and behaviour in a population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within the Moray Firth, Scotland between 1997 and 1999. The spatial patterns of use and the surface and diving behaviour of dolphins were studied with respect to key habitat variables in an intensively used region within the populations range. This is a relatively small, coastal channel that is topographically variable in relation to surrounding waters. The study describes the development and application of a land-based technique to study the fine-scale spatial distribution of dolphins and showed that their distribution was significantly related to water depth and the gradient of the seabed; dolphins were sighted most frequently in the deepest regions with the steepest seabed slopes. There was a clear monthly pattern in the use of the area between May and September with sighting frequency peaking during July. The presence of dolphins was not, however, significantly related to tidal or diurnal cycles. Using passive acoustic localisation techniques, the diving behaviour of dolphins was studied and showed that, within the deepest regions of the study area, dolphins used the full water column and consistently dived to depths of around 50 metres, close to the seabed. However the majority of their time appeared to be spent within the surface layers of the water column. In addition, by localising calls that have been associated with feeding (Janik, 2000), it appeared that certain forms of feeding behaviour occurred primarily at depths of between 30 and 40 metres.

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21

Xie, Yujing y 谢玉静. "Habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization: the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes, processes andconsequences at landscape level". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662302.

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Landscape modification, especially those human-dominated changes, has been widely considered as one of the key drivers inducing the degradation of environment and ecosystem. The consequent habitat loss and fragmentation, which are closely related to ecological process, have attracted much scholarly attention. However, very few studies have systematically examined their causes and consequences at the landscape level. Integrating human activities into consideration in a holistic way remains poorly understood in particular. This thesis reports a systematic study of habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization. This research distinguishes itself from previous works in its investigation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes and consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation, and its endeavor to disentangle habitat fragmentation from simple habitat loss in terms of their processes and effects. The Shenzhen River cross-border watershed, shared by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen, is used as a case to illustrate how these ideas can work in practice. The study period spans from 1988 to 2008.The main contents of the study include analysis of the processes and causes of habitat loss and fragmentation, and dynamic consequences on water quality and ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation at spatial and temporal scales. Various methods are employed, mainly including conventional and newly developed landscape metrics (such as the Urbanization Isolation Effect (UIE) and Habitat Isolation Degree (HID)), a spatial statistical approach based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, spatio-temporal analyses and cross-border comparison. Major findings of the research are highlighted as follows. First, habitat loss and fragmentation show great spatial heterogeneity as well as temporal variation due to extensive and rapid urban sprawl in the study area. Second, by adopting the GWR model, it is found that human-related factors have played a significant role in determining not only the “amount” but also the “location” of habitat loss. Third, by using two new landscape metrics, namely the UIE and HID, both the extent (urban sprawl) and intensity (population density) of urbanization are suggested to have significant influences in habitat isolation. Fourth, water quality in the watershed is recognized to be closely correlated with habitat loss and fragmentation, and the correlations show major discrepancies between the Hong Kong and the Shenzhen sides. Moreover, by proposing a compound indicator (NP/MPS) for measuring habitat fragmentation (independent of simple habitat loss), it is found that habitat loss has exerted a bigger influence on water quality degradation than habitat fragmentation. Fifth, by integrating habitat connectivity into the evaluation of ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation, both the habitat size and connectivity are recognized to be important in explaining the degradation of ecosystem services value. Habitat size has played a dominant role in the overall change of ecosystem services value, whereas the role of connectivity (fragmentation) is more critical when the “stepping stones” sites are lost. The study provides a new framework to examine the habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization at the landscape level. The efforts show great effectiveness in providing sound and useful information for future landscape planning, biodiversity conservation and watershed management.
published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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22

Cornejo, Campos Pamela Camila. ""Violencia contra la mujer en Chile : análisis del delito de maltrato habitual de la Ley No. 20.066"". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/157396.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
Históricamente, las mujeres hemos sido sometidas a distintas vulneraciones en nuestros derechos, ya sea de forma sistémica, ya sea dentro de nuestras relaciones privadas. Esto guarda relación con una estructura sociocultural que legitima la desigualdad de poder, el patriarcado. El presente trabajo pretende realizar un análisis del delito de Maltrato Habitual, introducido por la ley N°20.066 a nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y el cómo el Derecho Penal ha hecho frente a las exigencias de los instrumentos internacionales orientados a prevenir y erradicar estas diferencias de poder; sumado a las críticas y aportes que un estudio con enfoque de género puede realizar a la materia. Nos enfocamos en la comparación con el antecedente directo de la tipificación de esta figura en Chile, el caso español. Criticamos la relegación tanto en dicho ordenamiento jurídico como en nuestro caso del fenómeno de la Violencia Contra la Mujer a un espacio intrafamiliar, toda vez que las causas en las que se genera este fenómeno sostienen por sí mismo un tratamiento diferenciado que haga caso al clima de violencia vivenciado por las mujeres y las evidentes consecuencias de dicha situación. Además, se apreciarán las dificultades probatorias y resultados estadísticos de la aplicación de esta figura en el ordenamiento jurídico interno, a fin de evidenciar las falencias que encontramos en la figura típica y las deudas que se mantienen en cuanto a la protección de la integridad de las víctimas y el cumplimiento de los objetivos tanto de la ley N°20.066 como de los instrumentos internacionales relativos a la materia.

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23

McCluskie, Meg L. y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Environmentally sustainable grasshopper control in an ecologically protected habitat". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/273.

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Scientific literature indicates potential for using plant extracts to control arthropod pests thereby decreasing the amount of synthetic chemicals introduced into the ecosystem. The research presented below tested several control candidates in a field settig to determine if selected oils can be used to control grasshopper infestations. Two field studies tested the effects of five plant extract oils on grasshopper pests in southern Alberta: Rosmarinus officinalis, Cedrus deodorata, Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, and Azadirachta indica. Grasshopper abundance increased in the first study in all plots and decreased in the second study in all plots. A third study was conducted in a greenhouse where grasshoppers were treated with two concentrations of cedarwood and rosemary oil and were monitored for eight days for mortality and behavioural effects. A non-target study was conducted in order to determine if control candidates would negatively affect other beneficial arthropods. Cedarwood, neem oil and carbaryl bait were tested on the mortality of Carabidae and Phalangiidae using pitfall trap sampling.
viii, 98 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm.

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24

Figueira, Etelvina Maria de Almeida Paula. "Aspectos da tolerância salina em Pisum sativum L.: influência da nutrição azotada". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/947.

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Doutoramento em Biologia
Os habitats salinos são caracterizados pela presença de quantidades de sais solúveis que são prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento da maioria das plantas. Cerca de 7% da superfície total de terra contém solos afectados pela salinidade. A tolerância salina das plantas baseia-se na manutenção de baixas concentrações citoplasmáticas, uma vez que o seu metabolismo é afectado pela presença de iões de Na+ e Cl- em excesso. Os mecanismos que as plantas utilizam para manterem as concentrações iónicas baixas no citoplasma são diversos. Existe consenso sobre quais as características fisiológicas a abordar para a obtenção de maior tolerância salina, o transporte iónico e a sua compartimentação, a síntese de solutos compatíveis, a protecção dos efeitos nocivos induzidos por condições oxidativas e os processos metabólicos considerados mais sensíveis, são frequentemente referidos A maioria das leguminosas é bastante sensível ao sal, tendência que aumenta se estiverem dependentes da fixação simbiótica de azoto atmosférico. É , geralmente, aceite que o estabelecimento e a fixação de N2 são os processos mais afectados pela salinidade. A maioria das tentativas de aumentar a tolerância salina em leguminosas não resultaram em variedades com uma tolerância salina demarcada, talvez porque os mecanismos subjacentes à tolerância salina ainda não estejam completamente compreendidos. A idealização deste trabalho teve como principais preocupações a constatação da existência de variabilidade genotípica na tolerância à salinidade em Pisum sativum e a avaliação da vulnerabilidade salina da simbiose (capítulo II); a obtenção e a selecção de genótipos de Rhizobium que sejam capazes de estabelecer uma simbiose efectiva sob condições salinas (capítulo III); a percepção da influência da nutrição azotada na tolerância salina de Pisum sativum ao longo do seu desenvolvimento, bem como a identificação dos mecanismos subjacentes a essa tolerância (capítulo IV); e a análise dos efeitos da salinidade e da nutrição azotada na composição proteica da semente (capítulo V). A avaliação da tolerância salina de quatro cultivares de Pisum sativum (‘Resal’, ‘Tristar’, ‘Combi’ e ‘Rauel’) evidenciou diferenças entre elas. ‘Resal’ aparece como a cultivar mais indicada para o cultivo sob condições salinas. A presença de 90 mM NaCl não afectou significativamente o seu crescimento vegetativo. No entanto, 90 mM NaCl provocou uma redução elevada no número de nódulos. Com o int uito de aumentar a obtenção de azoto simbioticamente fixado sob condições salinas, procedeu-se ao isolamento e à selecção de Rhizobium em diversos locais. Os isolados de S. Bernardo, Costa Nova e Vagos evidenciaram sensibilidade salina, uma vez que o crescimento in vitro a 100 mM NaCl provocou inibições de crescimento superiores a 70 %. Apenas os isolados provenientes de um local que durante parte do ano está sujeito a “stress” hídrico (Elvas) evidenciaram tolerância ao sal. Em alguns isolados de Elvas, o crescimento diminui menos de 30% em meio suplementado com 700 mM NaCl em comparação com o controlo,. A avaliação da eficiência de simbiose entre alguns isolados ou estirpes de Rhizobium e Pisum sativum abriu boas perspectivas para o estabelecimento de uma simbiose efectiva sob condições de salinidade moderada, devido à obtenção de três isolados que, simultaneamente, toleraram salinidades de 400 mM e propiciaram o maior crescimento da parte aérea. A forma de azoto disponibilizada influenciou o crescimento e a tolerância salina de Pisum sativum. A produtividade foi o parâmetro que melhor evidenciou essa influência. As plantas dependentes do nitrato foram as que demonstraram menor diminuição da produtividade. As diferenças de tolerância observadas só conseguem ser explicadas pela existência simultânea de mais do que um mecanismo, cujas intensidades parecem variar ao longo do tempo. À osmoregulação, conseguida parcialmente pela acumulação de Na+, Cl- e K+, associa-se a exclusão de Na+ da parte aérea. Embora a síntese proteica seja reconhecida como uma actividade celular sensível ao sódio, com excepção das plantas dependentes da fixação simbiótica de N2, a salinidade provocou o aumento do conteúdo proteico nas sementes. Facto que não será alheio à manutenção de baixas concentrações de Na + e Cl- neste órgão. Os perfis dos polipeptídicos mais abundantes não foram muito influenciados pelas condições de crescimento impostas. Contudo, a salinidade induziu o aparecimento de novos polipeptídeos que poderão conferir a este órgão maior tolerância ao aumento de níveis de Na+ e Cl- detectados nas plantas a crescer sob 90 mM NaCl. Em conclusão, este trabalho facultou o melhor conhecimento das respostas de Pisum sativum à salinidade, bem como de alguns factores que condicionam estas respostas. Os resultados permitem afirmar que, sob condições controladas, é possível o cultivo de Pisum sativum ‘Resal’ sob salinidade moderada (90 mM) sem grande diminuição de produtividade, desde que às plantas sejam fornecidos níveis adequados de azoto na forma de nitrato. Todavia, este trabalho também suscitou algumas questões: será que o estudo da tolerância salina de outras cultivares de Pisum sativum poderá dilatar o intervalo de tolerância da espécie? Será que a selecção de novos isolados de Rhizobium poderá permitir o aumento da eficiência de nodulação em Pisum sativum ? Quais os solutos orgânicos que as células de Pisum sativum acumulam de modo a ajustarem osmoticamente o citoplasma? Qual o gradiente de concentração de sódio e cloro através do tonoplasto em cada um dos órgãos da planta? Qual a resposta das plantas, sob stress salino a uma nutrição mista de azoto diatómico fixado simbioticamente e de menores níveis de nitrato?
Saline habitats are those containing soluble salts concentrations that impair glicophytes growth. Nearly 10% of the total land surface is covered with different types of salt affected soils. Plants maintain low cytoplasmic sodium ion concentrations as a mean to achieve salt tolerance, once the excess of Na+ and Cl- ions affect their metabolism. Plants usually, rely on different mechanisms to maintain low cytoplasmic ion concentrations. There as been reasonable consensus on which physiological characteristics must be improved, to achieve salt tolerance. The attention is focused on ion transport and compartimentation, synthesis of compatible solutes, protection against deleterious oxidative effects, and metabolic processes that are salt sensitive. Most of legume plants are quite sensitive to salt, and this sensitivity is even grater when relying on dinitrogen fixation. Usually, nodule establishment and N2 fixation are considered the most salt sensitive phase in the symbiotic process. Most of reported attempts to enhance legume salt tolerance didn’t result in salt tolerant varieties, probably because the mechanisms that afford salt tolerance are difficult to understand. The main purposes of the present work are: the existence of genotipic difference among Pisum sativum and simbyosis salt sensitivity evaluation (chapter II); Rhizobium isolation and screening for N2 fixation efficiency under saline conditions (chapter III); nitrogen nutrition influence on Pisum sativum growth under salt stress and the mechanisms on which they rely to achieve salt tolerance (chapter IV); and salinity and nitrogen nutrition effects on seed protein composition (chapter V). The salt tolerance evaluation of four Pisum sativum cultivars resulted in significant differences among them. ‘Resal’ showed the highest tolerance with no significant vegetative growth reduction up to 90 mM NaCl in the soil. Rhizobium isolation and screening in different Portuguese locations was performed with the purpose to improve N2 fixation under salt conditions. Costa Nova, S. Bernardo and Vagos isolates showed saline sensitivity, since in vitro growth at 100 mM NaCl was reduced more than 70%. Only Rhizobium isolates from a water stressed site (Elvas), showed salt tolerance, growing under 700 mM NaCl. The symbiosis evaluation between Pisum sativum and Rhizobium isolates showed the possibility of an effective symbiosis under salt conditions. The molecular nitrogen form made available to plants influenced Pisum sativum growth and salt tolerance, and especially productivity. Nitrate dependent plants productivity was less affected by salinity. The observed salt tolerance differences can only be explained by more than one mechanism acting together, whose intensities changed during plant growth. The osmotic regulation was achieved, at least partially, by Na+, K+ and Cl- accumulation, and by Na+ shoot exclusion. Although, protein synthesis is generally considered a salt sensitive process, salinity caused increased protein seed content, exception being made by N2 fixation dependent plants. The maintenance of low seed Na+ and Cl- concentrations would account, to some extent, to this result. Protein SDS -PAGE separation revealed that growth conditions didn’t affect considerably seed polypeptides. Nevertheless, salinity induced new polypeptides which may, some how, improve seed salt tolerance. This work made possible a better knowledge of Pisum sativum responses to salinity and of factors that influenced those responses. Under mild salt conditions (90 mM NaCl) Pisum sativum ‘Resal’ can be grown without significant productivity reductions if, supplied with nitrate. But this work also raised some questions: the saline tolerance evaluation of other Pisum sativum cultivars could expand the species saline tolerance? Rhizobium isolation and screening in other sites could increase nodulation and N2 fixation efficiency under salinity? Which compatible solutes does Pisum sativum accumulate in the cytoplasm? Which is the Na+ and Cl- gradient concentration through tonoplast in each plant organ? How does plant respond to a mixed nitrate and N2 fixation nitrogen nutrition?

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25

González, Gamboa Jaime. "Estudio sobre la libertad como habitar común". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110969.

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Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Filosofía
[...] esta tesis no pretende una búsqueda del origen como un trascendental que mezcla divinidad, razón y teleología para proveer de un sentido eterno, único, inmutable y por tanto estable para comprender y aprehender la idea de libertad; sin embargo pretende rescatar un comienzo distinto, evocador del fantasma de Nietzsche2, uno que se cierne en lo “bajo, irrisorio e irónico” que es un golpe a la vanidad humana. Esta crueldad sería necesaria porque permite ver al descubierto el principio parricida de la historia, en la medida que la sobreprotección de una razón que busca el alero de dios para no enfrentar la verdad de la apariencia, que está anquilosada en el resplandor del origen, encuentra su oposición “natural” en la genealogía3 que insiste en (a propósito de Nietzsche) las meticulosidades y azares de los comienzos, para prestar una atención escrupulosa a su irrisoria mezquindad.

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26

Frantz, Mack Wilson. "Is spot mapping missing important aspects of golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) breeding habitat?" Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536671.

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The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is an imperiled migratory songbird that nests in young forest habitats of eastern North America. As such, this species has recently been the focus of an intensive multi-year, range-wide, breeding ecology study. A major focus of this research involved spot-mapping color banded males to examine relationships between nesting success and territory-scale habitat variables. I compared differences in space and habitat use of individual male Golden-winged Warblers that were monitored using both spot mapping and radio telemetry. An individual's telemetry delineated use area was on average 3.6 times larger than its spot-mapped territory. Almost half (46%) of all telemetry locations were located outside their respective male's spot-mapped territory. Number of saplings was higher in telemetry use areas (22.49 ± 2.14) than spot-mapped territories (11.80 ± 1.86). Although the exact motive for extra-territorial movements is unknown, foraging and/or suggestive observations of extra-pair copulation are likely motivating factors. The results of my study suggest Golden-winged Warblers are seeking resources outside their spot-mapped delineated territories. Furthermore, Golden-winged Warblers were found to have more telemetry locations in mature forest than found through spot-mapping. Ultimately, spot mapping alone does not accurately reflect Golden-winged Warbler space use and habitat needs.

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27

Downie, Iain Stuart. "Aspects of habitat selection and the influence of boundaries on some upland invertebrate communities". Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5281/.

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Aspects of the distribution and ecology of some surface-dwelling invertebrates were examined on different high-altitude vegetation types in the north Pennines, England. The influence of the boundary between habitats on the invertebrate community was also investigated, and the effects of habitat heterogeneity on invertebrate distribution were discussed. Spiders and carabids were sampled from the dominant vegetation types on the plateaux of three mountain summits (Cross Fell, Littie Dun Fell and Great Dun Fell) in 1991 using pitfall traps. Multivariate methods were used to classify and ordinate the sites based on their fauna and to assess the influence of the local environmental variation on the species distribution. Three spider assemblages were recognised based on their common species composition; two short Festuca grassland assemblages and a Nardus/Eriophorum assemblage associated with greater vegetation density. The results suggest that variation in the vegetation structure is the major factor influencing spider distribution on the summit plateaux, with slope and soil depth also contributing. The carabids appeared too widely distributed to assign to any specific vegetation types. The influence of the interface between different vegetation types on the spider and carabid fauna was sampled using pitfall traps in 1992-3. At the boundary between two highly contrasting habitats (sheep pastures and conifer plantations) an edge effect was found in both groups, where species richness was elevated. The major contribution to this increase was the mixing of both pasture and plantation species, species specific to the interface were few. The edge effect at this interface was narrower but larger in spiders than in carabids. At the boundary between two more similar habitats (grazed and ungrazed upland grassland) the edge effect was much reduced, species richness was not elevated, and the level of overlap between habitats was much wider. Edge permeability, structural similarity and altitude were considered the most important factors for the differences between boundaries studied. It is inferred that in the high altitude invertebrate community most species are widespread crossing boundaries between vegetation types regularly, though some species may have affinities to particular habitats for different aspects of their ecology. The implications that this study has for understanding the effects and impacts of habitat heterogeneity at the landscape level are discussed, such as invertebrate movement patterns, population dynamics and management aspects.

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28

McNay, Robert Scott. "Forest crowns, snow interception and management of black-tailed deer winter habitat". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24855.

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The phenomenon of snow interception by forest stands is examined. Interception relationships extracted from literature are evaluated for their applicability to the silvicultural and climatic conditions of south coastal British Columbia. Hypotheses tested address: 1) the prediction of snow interception, 2) comparisons of heterogeneity in snow interception between second-growth and old-growth forests, and 3) how interception and interception efficiency vary depending on forest crown completeness and storm size. General relationships regarding snow interception under continental conditions were found to hold in coastal conditions', but relationships between crown completeness and interception were weak. Storm size and melt are identified as confounding factors in making predictions about snow interception based on stand crown completeness. Several approaches to modelling snow interception are discussed. Particular reference is made to the effect of interception on energetic costs of locomotion for deer. Management of coastal forests for the interception of snow should focus on maximizing crown completeness and crown surface area. Further research is required concerning the relationships used in the simulation models. Emphasis should be placed on deer response to snowpacks, the influence of melt on snowpack development, and the influence of canopy closure on spatial distribution of snowpacks.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

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29

Manuello, Pascale. "Eco-logiques de la santé : consommations biologiques, pratiques et représentations de la santé, l'exemple du bio-habitat". Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20020.

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L'objet de cette thèse porte sur la dynamique des représentations de la santé et de l'environnement au coeur de l'espace domestique, celui du bio-habitat aussi appelé "habitat sain". Avec la thématique de l'habitat comme métaphore corporelle et spatiale émerge toute une interrogation du milieu et de la mentalité bio avec ses paratiques privilégiées en matière de thérapeutique, ses choix et ses lieux de consommation mais aussi d'échanges. Le bio-habitat s'avère un objet privilégié pour rendre compte des représentations sociales du milieu biologique ainsi que de son imaginaire spécifique de la Nature imprégnant le champ de la santé du champ écologique. La thèse a pour axes d'investigation: les représenations du corps et de l'environnement naturel, les représentations des pollutions, la détermination sociale des acteurs (professions, formations, trajectoires)
What are the environmental representations and the practices of health in the organic inhabitation also called the "healthy house"? The organic inhabitation belongs to the organic sociality. The organic consumation reveals the emergence of an organic social field with ils favorite places and practices, its social representations and its specific images of Nature. We chose to study the organic inhabitation to report the alternative practices of the organic sociality in order to show the social senses of an organic consumation mixing ecology and health. The eco-logics of health or a "healthy environment"- this expresion seemed to us to be the best suited to illustrate the recurrent principles that rules behaviors, practices and representations - could participate in the reorganization of the symbolical relationships with the body and with nature. The eco-logics of health also shows the ideological part of the organic mentality

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30

Suassuna, Rodrigo Figueiredo. "O habitus dos policiais militares do Distrito Federal". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2008. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2078.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2008.
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A presente dissertação tem como tema as práticas policiais, mais precisamente, o habitus dos policiais militares do Distrito Federal (DF). No trabalho, habitus é entendido como a composição social dos indivíduos biológicos, ou seja, o resultado da incorporação pelo indivíduo policial militar das necessidades objetivas de sua vida social. Busca-se a compreensão das distinções e classificações que compõem o habitus dos policiais militares, bem como as funções que essas distinções desempenham como sentido orientador da ação e como padronização da auto-restrição individual. Além disso, trata-se das necessidades práticas que estruturam cada uma dessas distinções. Dentre as distinções do habitus policial militar, enfatizou-se aquelas considerações de risco, este entendido como a representação das perdas e danos que decorrem de determinada ação individual. Inicialmente, a dissertação trata da questão do risco de ocorrência de crimes, conforme consideração pelos policiais militares do DF. Outro conteúdo com que o conceito de risco aparece no habitus desses agentes refere-se ao risco de danos físicos e perda da vida. Com relação ao risco de ocorrência criminal, o estudo concluiu que a prisão de criminosos é uma função central desempenhada pelos policiais militares, segundo as classificações de seu habitus. Para o cumprimento de tal função, o habitus dos agentes da lei mostra disposição para a individualização e a objetivação do elemento suspeito. A ênfase sobre a prisão de criminosos e, conseqüentemente, o padrão cultural de suspeição policial são distinções formadas a partir de necessidades práticas inter-relacionadas e que se ligam ao uso da autoridade coercitiva pelos policiais militares. Além disso, acrescenta-se como conclusão a observação de que a definição de crime no habitus policial militar é mais abrangente do que a que se estabelece no interior do sistema de justiça penal. A abrangência das definições de crime e de suspeito tem como origem, em parte, o desajuste dos policiais militares à diversidade moral própria da vida urbana. Tem-se ainda que as categorias normativas do habitus policial militar que se relacionam à proteção física do policial e à responsabilização das ações policiais favorecem a efetividade do autocontrole individual. Finalmente, conclui-se que as possibilidades de ocorrências fisicamente danosas no trabalho policial militar são incorporadas pelos policiais como consideração de risco à própria vida e à integridade física.

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31

Garst, David Walter. "Distribution, Habitat Analysis, and Conservation of the Timber Rattlesnake in Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33597.

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The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a forest dwelling terrestrial pit viper that utilizes several types of habitat within the forest environment. One type of habitat crucial to the species' survival in mountainous regions and at more northern latitudes is basking habitat, which typically is an exposed rocky area used by gravid females for gestation, and by other timber rattlesnakes for shedding, mating, and digesting. Understanding the range of the timber rattlesnake in Virginia will enable biologists and land managers to better manage the landscape in a way conducive to the survival and persistence of timber rattlesnakes. To improve our ability to identify and locate areas potentially containing timber rattlesnake basking habitat, I used 5 landscape-level habitat variables with logistic regression and geographic information systems (GIS) to model and map areas of western Virginia potentially containing timber rattlesnake basking habitat. Models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and were crossvalidated using the methods of Fielding and Bell (1997). Aspect, slope, elevation, landform index, and percentage of forest cover values were derived using GIS for 217 known basking sites in western Virginia. I then used data derived for the 217 known basking sites to create 22 a priori models. The best model used the variables of aspect, slope, landform index and percentage of forest cover. When I crossvalidated the top model, the kappa value, a measure of the proportion of specific agreement, and was 0.804. During field tests the predictive model was used to find timber rattlesnakes at 3 of 15 (20%) of the test sites in the Goshen Wildlife Management Area in southwestern Virginia. My predictive model has proven to be an effective tool that could be used by biologists and land managers to locate and protect timber rattlesnake basking habitat. The historic and current ranges for the timber rattlesnake in Virginia were determined using literature records, database records, place names, personal interviews, and site surveys. Historically, the timber rattlesnake ranged over the entire state. Currently, the timber rattlesnake is restricted to the mountainous regions of Virginia (not including the coastal plain population of the timber rattlesnake). The biology of Crotalus horridus and regulations and management practices used by other states within the range of the species were used to create a set of management recommendations to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. These recommendations include implementing (1) a no-take regulation, (2) enhanced public education, and (3) protection of critical habitat and location of new populations.
Master of Science

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32

Haysom, Susan L. "Aspects of the ecology of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) in plantation forests in Scotland". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1915.

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Aspects of the ecology of black grouse (Tetrao Tetrix), a species of international conservation concern, in commercial plantation forests were investigated between 1996 - 1998 at three study areas in Scotland. The aim was to identify the species' habitat and area requirements in first and second rotation forestry. The distribution of males was assessed using lek surveys and studied at two spatial scales in the mixed rotation forest landscape of Cowal, Argyll and at two spatial and temporal scales in highland Perthshire - a less afforested region. In addition, a radio-tracking study was undertaken to examine the habitat selection of broods in two first rotation plantations in north Perthshire. Pre-thicket forestry formed a preferred habitat but, in terms of lek distribution, black grouse did not differentiate between first and second rotation pre-thicket habitat patches. Patch size, the total amount of forestry in the area, the proportion that was pre-thicket stock and its level of fragmentation, however, were all correlated with the probability of a location holding a lek and the number of males attending it. Lek isolation reduced the number of males in attendance and increased the likelihood of the lek declining over time. Brood habitat preferences differed from those of adult birds. Broods selected habitats that were 'open' enough to support a rich ground flora and presumably an adequate invertebrate fauna but also 'closed' enough to provide cover, representing a compromise between foraging potential and predation risk. Brood roost sites differed by having shorter trees but a higher degree of cover 1-1.5 metres above the ground. Results from the different study areas and age classes are compared and contrasted and the implications of the research findings for 'black grouse friendly' forestry management are discussed. Finally, suggestions for further work are made.

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Richard, Emmanuelle. "Réponse des communautés de Coléoptères carabiques à la conversion en futaie régulière de chêne : aspects écologiques et méthodologiques". Paris, ENGREF, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENGR0006.

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Pour évaluer l’impact à court et moyen terme de la conversion d’anciens taillis-sous-futaie matures (exTSF) en futaie régulière de chêne (FR), sur les communautés de carabiques, nous avons comparé, entre stades sylvicoles, les communautés piégées sur un plan d’échantillonnage de 68 placettes en forêt domaniale de Montargis. Une méthode statistique originale sous forme de modèle paramétrique multi-espèces a permis (i) de tester et caractériser, avec une même approche, les patrons de réponse de la communauté, des espèces et de groupes écologiques basés sur l’habitat préférentiel et la capacité de vol des espèces, (ii) d’identifier le niveau hiérarchique qui résume le mieux la réponse des espèces. Bien qu’à l’échelle de 20 ans, la coupe de régénération perturbe les communautés et pénalise notamment les espèces forestières, la succession décalée au cours de la première moitié du cycle sylvicole de FR permet aux espèces d’atteindre, dans l’un des stades, leurs niveaux d’abondance d’exTSF
The thesis aims at evaluating short and mid-term impacts, on carabid communities, of converting mature stands previously managed as coppice-with-standards (exCWS) into even-aged high oak forest (EHF). On 68 plots in the Montargis state forest, we trapped and compared carabid communities in exCWS and in 5 stages of the first 100 years of an EHF silvicultural cycle. An original statistical method, the multi-species parametric model, allowed us to use one and the same approach (i) to test and characterize the response patterns at the levels of species, community and ecological groups based on habitat preference and flight ability, (ii) to identify which community level best sums up the species response. Regeneration felling disturbed carabid communities and particularly penalized the forest species for up to 20 years. However, thanks to a relay succession, species reached or exceeded their exCWS level of abundance within the first half of the EHF silvicultural cycle

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De, Paula Fernanda Cristina 1984. "Constituições do habitar = reassentamento do Jd. São Marcos para o Jd. Real". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287263.

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Orientador: Daniel Joseph Hogan
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O município de Cubatão (SP) ainda lida com as conseqüências de sua expressiva industrialização. Dentre elas, associado ao conjunto significativo de impactos ambientais, está o problema habitacional: praticamente, metade das famílias do município vive em habitações precárias. Uma das medidas que vêm sendo tomadas, nesta década, para a resolução deste problema é o reassentamento urbano. Em Cubatão, esta política remove a população da área de risco e promove a mudança das famílias para conjuntos habitacionais construídos especificamente para estes moradores; oferecendo moradia fisicamente mais estável, junto a bairros consolidados. O último reassentamento concretizado neste município foi o das famílias do Jd. São Marcos para o Jd. Real. Do ponto de vista dos moradores, o reassentamento implica uma reestruturação da vida, na medida em que muda o espaço em que está a casa. A qualidade desta reestruturação é que responde à eficácia e justiça desta política pública do ponto de vista da população envolvida. Clarificar o devir e os fatores envolvidos deve ajudar na reflexão das conseqüências do reassentamento para os moradores, auxiliando na reflexão e planejamento desta política pública. A reestruturação se dá no cotidiano, nas pequenas ou nas fundamentais atividades que centramos na casa; em outras palavras, o cerne da reestruturação da vida em função do reassentamento está na articulação entre espaço, indivíduo e o modo como habitamos. A partir desta constatação, trazemos o habitar como categoria para apreender as conseqüências do reassentamento. Apoiados nas formulações sobre sentido do habitar de Heidegger, que auxiliam a refletir sobre a articulação entre espaço, indivíduo e morar, discutimos sobre o papel da casa, do bairro, da articulação entre lugares privados e públicos e da apropriação do espaço como fenômenos que compõe o habitar e que entram em xeque frente ao reassentamento
Abstract: The City of Cubatão (SP) still deals with the consequences of its expressive industrialization. Among them, associated with a set of significant environmental impacts, is the habitation problem: almost half of the families in the city live in precarious residences. The urban resettlement is one of the measures that are being taken in this decade to solve this problem. In Cubatão, this policy removes the population in risk areas and promotes the displacement of the families to habitation sets constructed specifically for these residents; providing housing physically more stable, within consolidated neighborhood. The last resettlement achieved in this city involved the families of Jd. São Marcos to Jd. Real. From the residents' perspective, the resettlement implies restructuring of life, in as much as it changes the space of the house. The quality of this restructuring direct responds to the efficiency and justice of this public policy from the residents' perspective subjected to this. Clarify the destiny and the factors involved should help in the reflection of resettlements' consequences to residents, helping the studies and planning of such public policy. The restructuring happens in daily life, in small or fundamental activities that we concentrate in the house; in other words, the heart of the restructuring of life in the light of resettlement is in the articulation between space, individual and the way that we live. From this observation, we bring 'dwelling' as a category to embrace the consequences of resettlement. Supported in formulations on "dwelling" discussed by Heidegger and his aid to reflect the articulation between space, individual and settlement we discuss the role of home, neighborhood, articulation between private and public places and space appropriation as phenomena that compose the dwelling and confront the resettlement focus
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia

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35

Souza, Ana Carmita Bezerra de. "O currÃculo cultural da sÃrie malhaÃÃo: desvelando aspectos pedagÃgicos endereÃados Ã juventude". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=839.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O estudo do currÃculo cultural evidencia que a formaÃÃo humana nÃo acontece apenas nas tradicionais instituiÃÃes de educaÃÃo. Desde meados do sÃculo XX a indÃstria cultural participa efetivamente na elaboraÃÃo das identidades e subjetividades, e, assim, soma-se a outras instÃncias sociais (famÃlia, igreja, e escola). TelevisÃo, rÃdio, imprensa, indÃstria fonogrÃfica, publicidade e Internet oferecem artefatos culturais que atuam de maneira incisiva na educaÃÃo dos sujeitos contemporÃneos. Nesta pesquisa objetivei analisar a sÃrie MalhaÃÃo, exibida pela Rede Globo de TelevisÃo hÃ quase 12 anos, considerando-a operadora de um currÃculo cultural, com temÃticas e prÃticas pedagÃgicas que colaboram na constituiÃÃo do habitus juvenil. Verifiquei apresentaÃÃes de sexualidade e gÃnero; demonstraÃÃo de um conceito de beleza humana; caracterizaÃÃo das relaÃÃes Ãtnicas; uso da puniÃÃo como estratÃgia pedagÃgica; e a inserÃÃo do enredo na estrutura social e econÃmica. Adotei um mÃtodo do tipo etnogrÃfico virtual e tomei a praxiologia de Bourdieu como principal referencial â o que implicou fazer emergir da prÃtica dos sujeitos as categorias analÃticas e conceituais. Devido Ã amplitude das temÃticas, adotei uma postura teÃrica multirreferenciada. Para as anÃlises foram utilizadas imagens, falas e fatos da narrativa que colaborassem no esclarecimento dos temas selecionados. Em sÃntese, a MalhaÃÃo, exibe um projeto pedagÃgico velado, que objetiva a formaÃÃo do jovem consumidor, heterossexual, domesticado e que para ser belo necessita ser branco, novo e esbelto â fatos que caracterizam o currÃculo cultural como um caso tÃpico da semiformaÃÃo, que, para Adorno consiste na alienaÃÃo das consciÃncias, provocada pelas mercadorias da indÃstria cultural.

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Teixeira, Lucas Nunes. "O efeito da heterogeneidade de habitats nas interações alimentares e agonísticas da ictiofauna". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/167661.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Flroianópolis, 2016.
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As interações ecológicas de peixes podem modular a diversidade e assegurar a estabilidade de comunidades biológicas em rios tropicais. Apesar dessa importância, pouco se sabe sobre como essas interações ecológicas estão relacionadas com o ambiente em que ocorrem, e como a heterogeneidade de habitats pode afetar essas interações. Visto isso, o presente estudo pretendeu investigar a variação na estrutura das interações alimentares e agonísticas que peixes realizam em um rio tropical de águas claras, através de filmagens remotas subaquáticas em três habitats (Lago, Planta e Rocha), com diferentes características ambientais, do rio Olho d'água, localizado no município de Jardim, MS. Cada amostra consistiu na filmagem por 15 min de uma área de 2 m², previamente delimitada com trena. Em laboratório, foram analisados os 10 min centrais contínuos de cada vídeo, onde foi registrado o número de mordidas de cada peixe no substrato e coluna d?água, estimado o tamanho de cada indivíduo de peixe que interagiu e o número de perseguições realizadas por cada indivíduo. O número de mordidas no substrato e o tamanho do indivíduo foram utilizados para calcular a pressão alimentar que cada peixe exerceu no substrato. Para verificar como diferiu a estrutura da pressão alimentar entre os habitats, foi utilizado um escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (nMDS) e uma análise de similaridade (ANOSIM). Também foi investigado o papel da biomassa e abundância das espécies (obtidos através de censos visuais) na pressão alimentar e interações agonísticas (respectivamente) através de uma regressão linear. Os resultados demonstram haver diferenças na estrutura de ambas as interações entre os habitats. A pressão alimentar foi maior no habitat de Rocha, se comparado com os outros dois habitats, isso se deve especialmente a pressão alimentar exercida por peixes pastejadores que raspam o perifíton e detritos nesse habitat. O maior número de perseguições foi realizado no habitat de Lago, sendo o número de perseguições intraespecíficas maior que interespecíficas em todos os habitats, e essas perseguições foram realizadas, principalmente, pelas espécies mais abundantes em cada habitat. Este estudo mostra a importância de se entender interações de peixes em rios tropicais considerando a heterogeneidade desse ecossistema juntamente aos aspectos biológicos das espécies.

Abstract : Ecological interactions of fishes can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in tropical rivers. Despite previous efforts to describe among-habitat variation in freshwater fish diversity and abundance, the relation between ecological interactions and habitat heterogeneity remains poorly understood. To investigate the among-habitat variation in fish feeding pressure on the benthos and agonistic interactions between fishes, we recorded remote underwater videos in three habitats (Lake, Plant and Rock), with different environmental characteristics, on the Olho d'água river, Jardim city, MS - Brazil. Each sample consisted in a recording of a 2m² area during 15 minutes with the central 10 minutes of each video analyzed in the laboratory. For each individual fish in each video, we recorded the number of bites taken in the water column and on the substrate, the number of chases given and received, and its total body length (estimated visually). The number of bites and the size of each individual was used to calculate the feeding pressure on the substratum. We performed a non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) and similarity analyses (ANOSIM) to test how feeding pressure changes according to the habitat. We also investigated the relationship between these ecological interactions and fish abundance/biomass obtained in each habitat through underwater visual surveys. We found differences in the structure of both interactions among habitats. Fish feeding pressure was higher in the Rock habitat, mostly due to the presence of grazer fishes that scrape this substratum in search of periphyton and detritus. The intensity of chases was higher in the Lake habitat and the intensity of intraspecific chases higher than interspecific in all the habitats and mostly performed by the most abundant species. With this study we show the importance of understanding interactions in tropical rivers according to different aspects such as habitat complexity, biotic traits and species life-history.

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37

Dôrr, Álamos Anneliese. "Adolescentes consumidores habituales de marihuana y su vivencia de la temporalidad". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115194.

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doctora en psicología
La presente investigación cualitativa estudia la vivencia del tiempo en los jóvenes consumidores abusivos de marihuana, dado el alto consumo en la adolescencia, etapa decisiva en la configuración del proyecto futuro. Nuestro objetivo es ver cómo se evidencia en su biografía la relación entre el pasado y los proyectos futuros, a través de metas y acciones, así como su capacidad de anticiparse. Nuestro concepto rector es la capacidad de “anticipación” desarrollado por Jean Sutter (1956), psiquiatra francés de orientación fenomenológica. Si bien para ello se revisó lo que nos dice la psicología al respecto, nos apoyamos fuertemente en la filosofía, en especial en la corriente fenomenológica, pues ésta nos entrega una reflexión muy acabada y profunda de la vivencia del tiempo en el ser humano, resaltando la preeminencia que tiene el futuro dentro de la dimensión de la temporalidad (pasado-presente-futuro). La información se obtuvo del análisis de autobiografías de jóvenes consumidores a través del método fenomenológicohermenéutico desarrollado por Linseth, basado en Ricoeur. Los resultados revelan, que en las biografías la dimensión temporal del pasado se caracteriza por descripciones pobres. El presente es donde más se explayan, describiendo sus gustos y cómo se visualizan, pero mostrando falta de claridad en sus intereses. En el futuro vemos ausencia de referencias, como si éste no estuviese ligado al pretérito, como si no existiese conciencia sobre el hecho de que las posibilidades que se abren o cierran en el futuro son dependientes de lo que se hace en el presente. Por lo tanto se analizó la vivencia de la temporalidad a través del concepto de anticipación de Sutter y de la concepción filosófica fenomenológica (Heidegger, Ortega y Ricoeur) sobre temporalidad que contemplan al futuro como categoría esencial y determinante de la vida. Nosotros pensamos que es de interés conocer e investigar cómo se manifiesta esta capacidad en los jóvenes escolares que consumen habitualmente marihuana, dado que dicha sustancia tiene efectos en el lóbulo prefrontal y en el hipocampo, zonas cerebrales relacionadas con la capacidad de planificar las tareas (función ejecutiva) y con la memoria. Por último, se espera con esta investigación aportar al estudio y comprensión del fenómeno de la temporalidad como categoría existencial fundamental del ser humano, y a su vez que se conozca, comprenda y se pueda hacer uso de los conceptos de temporalidad y anticipación, que por lo general se manejan solo en el plano teórico y poco en el clínico

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38

Schmechel, Frances A. "Aspects of habitat selection, population dynamics, and breeding biology in the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis)". Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1814.

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In the late 1980s the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis) (CIO) was estimated at less than 110 individuals. Endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, it was feared to be declining and, based on existing productivity estimates, in danger of extinction within 50-70 years. These declines were thought to be caused by numerous changes since the arrival of humans, including the introduction of several terrestrial predators, the establishment of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) which changes dune profiles, and increased disturbance along the coastline. The New Zealand Department of Conservation has undertaken recovery planning and conservation management to increase CIO numbers since the late 1980s. Recovery planning raised some key research questions concerning the population dynamics, habitat selection, and breeding biology of Chatham Island oystercatcher (CIO), and the critical factors currently limiting the population. The objectives of this study were to collect and interpret data on: 1) population size, trends, and distribution across the Chathams, 2) basic breeding parameters, 3) recruitment and mortality rates, 4) habitat selection at the general, territorial and nest-site levels, 5) habitat factors that are correlated with territory quality, and 6) cues that elicit territorial behaviour in CIO.

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39

Day, Susan Marie. "Aspects of Newfoundland black bear, Ursus americanus hamiltoni, food habits and habitat use in human-influenced environments". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23689.pdf.

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Chamberland, Paul Eric Pierre. "Black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat ecology as related to aspects of forest management in southern New Brunswick". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ54525.pdf.

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41

Kam, Wai-keung y 甘偉強. "Health behaviour, habitual physical activity and health related fitness level of pre-service student teachers in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960947.

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42

LAGE, Alexandre Ramos Bastos. "Efeitos da fragmentação de habitat sobre a comunidade de mamíferos do médio Araguaia: aspectos teóricos, descritivos e conservacionistas". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2562.

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Os efeitos da fragmentação de habitat vêm sendo cada vez mais reconhecidos como a principal causa de perda de espécies da atualidade e, portanto, um grande número de pesquisas tem buscado avaliar as respostas dos organismos a este processo que é predominantemente resultado da ação antrópica sobre áreas de vegetação nativa. O processo de fragmentação de habitat ocorre em nível de paisagem, porém a manipulação experimental de paisagens inteiras é bastante difícil e muitas vezes impossível. Desta forma, a geração de dados através de estudos observacionais em grandes escalas espaciais e temporais, tem se tornado cada vez mais importante para que sejam confrontadas as previsões de modelos teóricos, e para geração de dados que possam subsidiar ações conservacionistas em nível local, ou serem sintetizadas juntamente com estudos em outras regiões, para o estabelecimento de padrões aplicáveis a um grande número de paisagens fragmentadas. Devido à necessidade de grandes áreas de vida, o grupo dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte é um dos mais afetados pela perda de vegetação nativa de uma paisagem. Este trabalho buscou caracterizar a comunidade de mamíferos presente na paisagem fragmentada do município de São Miguel do Araguaia, Goiás. Utilizando exclusivamente o método de armadilhamento fotográfico, foram amostrados 12 fragmentos florestais com áreas variando de 13 a 4.317 hectares. Foram obtidos 682 registros fotográficos de mamíferos silvestres de médio e grande porte e um total de 22 espécies foram detectadas na região. Espécies de grande porte e com grande área de vida foram encontradas até nos menores fragmentos, indicando que estas espécies se deslocam pela paisagem e utilizam os fragmentos conjuntamente, o que demonstra a importância da manutenção até dos menores fragmentos, que podem servir como fonte temporária de recursos e como elementos que ampliam a conectividade da paisagem. O armadilhamento fotográfico se mostrou um método bastante eficiente na detecção de espécies de mamíferos em fragmentos florestais, onde transectos lineares ou a busca por vestígios podem ser bastante dificultadas pelo denso sub‐bosque existente no interior dos fragmentos, e pelo fato de o acúmulo da serrapilheira impedir a impressão e a visualização de rastros de espécies. OBS: A dissertação tem 2 capítulos c/ resumo. O texto acima é o resumo do capítulo 1.

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Maalouf, Maguy. "Socialisation et espace pluridimensionnel d'interactions : habitat et cadre de vie des enfants du Liban". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/maalouf_m.

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Cette recherche s'intéresse aux relations spécifiques qui existent entre l'enfant et son cadre de vie, notamment son habitat. A travers ce rapport transactionnel, l'attention est portée aux expressions de l'imaginaire et aux formes symboliques du vécu des enfants dans des habitats différents, au Liban. Cette étude tente de déterminer l'impact de la demeure et son rôle dans la socialisation des sujets. Le "chez soi" introduit l'enfant dans un réseau de liens non seulement physiques mais également sociaux et affectifs. Le rapport au chez soi, ainsi qu'à ses extensions, est analysé à partir des concepts d'attachements, d'aspirations et de besoins. Par une approche pluridisciplinaire des moyens d'investigation, de multiples dimensions de la socialisation sont mises en lumière, notamment les notions d'hospitalité et d'appropriation ainsi que les sentiments de sécurité. Les résultats montrent le rôle majeur de l'environnement résidentiel tant social que physique dans la socialisation et dans la construction de l'identité du lieu.

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Herrera, Carrasco Jacqueline Paulina. "Cuerpos "orientalizados" : tribus urbanas y el habitar visual del malestar". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112795.

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Licenciada en teoría e historia del arte
Mi propósito es documentar un devenir, un hecho en tránsito. No justifico la clasificación de tales “tipos” estéticos. Sería una pérdida de tiempo dada la naturaleza tránsfuga del performer -inconsciente de serlo, al menos en el sentido de la necesidad de la voluntad de hacer una acción problemática devenir en Arte-. Por lo tanto, me detengo en la descripción del contexto donde se desarrolla esta acción, problematizando el habitar y la carne como muestra de una sensibilidad. La representatividad del grupo elegido en este caso, se trata de saber qué nos dicen ellos que los otros no, y la respuesta está en usar el cuerpo como símbolo del malestar, ocupando una visualidad moderna como signo de su malestar. Así entonces, mi primera revisión será en base a la Adolescencia Social, y el Habitar como problema.

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Shakouri, Reza. "Habitat résidentiel durable en Iran : savoirs-faire traditionnels et les technologies nouvelles à Yazd". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29013.

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Rester sur la voie d'un développement basé sur la croissance économique ou bien changer en s'orientant vers le nouveau paradigme du développement durable ? Comment cette question qui se pose désormais à l'échelle mondiale interroge-t-elle spécifiquement la société iranienne ? Cette recherche essaye de produire une base de connaissances qui permettra d'instruire des démarches de projet sur des connaissances plus fiables. Il entend suivre le principe qui veut qu'à la question d'un développement global on tente de répondre d'abord à un niveau local. Après une étude globale sur le paradigme de développement durable cette recherche se concentre sur l'échelle architecturale en s'intéressant aux savoirs-faire techniques appliqués dans des maisons. La ville désertique de Yazd, héritière d'un patrimoine bâti fort, fournit notre corpus de recherche et là nous avons étudié les savoirs-faire et les technologies appliqués dans l'habitat traditionnel et contemporain. A partir des critères que nous avons déduits pour la durabilité de l'application des matériaux dans un bâtiment, nous argumentons autour des choix stratégiques en matière de matériaux de construction. Cela forme notre hypothèse centrale de recherche et constitue le sujet principal de notre enquête in-situ à Yazd. Afin de pouvoir argumenter l'hypothèse centrale de différents points de vue pour la rapprocher à l'échelle du projet, la recherche sort dans un deuxième temps du cadre de Yazd pour étudier des expériences poursuivies dans des contextes similaires en Algérie, en Égypte, en Inde, au Maroc et en Arizona
To catch up with the development, should continue an economic growth model or change turn towards a new sustainable model of development? How this global question should be addressed in the Iranian society? The main research's aim is to provide a base of knowledge, which enable to instruct the steps of a project on reliable sources of knowledge and information, concerning in particular of these two models of development in the residential sector. After a general study on the sustainable model development, this research concentrates on the architectural scale of technical expertise in the construction of the houses. The desert city of Yazd, with a valuable built heritage, provides our corpus of research. The contemporary and traditional habitat was studied with the emphasis on the relationship between habitat and the society of Yazd. After deducting 30 criteria for "the sustainability of the application of materials in a building", our discussion focuses on the strategic choices in terms of construction materials. That makes our central hypothesis of research and constitutes the principal subject of our social-technical survey in Yazd. Our study expands its focus even beyond Yazd to learn experiments followed through similar contexts in Algeria, Egypt, India, Morocco and Arizona. Finally, the research presents five criteria for a sustainable habitat

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46

Lassarre, Dominique. "Psychologie domestique. Etude des conduites de choix et d'aménagement du logement et d'intégration dans le quartier". Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL086.

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La thèse comporte trois parties. La première est consacrée à l'exposé des modèles théoriques qui rendent compte des conduites relatives au logement. Ils ont évolué dans leur logique et leurs applications. On peut les regrouper en trois catégories: modèles déterministes, cognitivistes et interactionnistes. L'objectif est de mettre ces divers modèles à l'épreuve des faits constatés sur le terrain. La seconde partie relate une recherche menée par l'auteur en deux vagues d'enquête à un an d'intervalle dans deux quartiers neufs d'une ville nouvelle emménagés simultanément. Les réactions des habitants sont étudiées en fonction de trois variables: le type de quartier (sa proximité au centre-ville), le type de logement (appartement ou maison) et le statut d'occupation (location ou propriété). La troisième partie est un bilan des recherches empiriques sur trois thèmes de la psychologie domestique: le choix et l'aménagement du logement et l'intégration des habitants dans le quartier. Confrontés aux données empiriques, les différents modèles théoriques révèlent leur complémentarité et leurs limites
The theoretical framework of housing psychology is rather eclectic. Different models can be classified in three main categories: determinist, cognitivists and interactionist models. This categorization reflects historical as well as logical developments. The purpose of the work is to compare the efficiency of these models to explain empirical data. The author exposes a longitudinal study in which 120 families of identical economic level were interviewed twice. The survey was carried out in two areas, built and first occupied at the same time, with different planning and distance to the town center. There were two types of housing (semi-detached houses and apartments) for rent or for purchase in both areas. The results of this study are compared with many other researches on different aspects of housing: choice, decoration and fittings behaviours and neighborhood integration. Confronted to empirical data complementarity and limits of the different theoretical models came into sight

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47

Thapa, Vivek. "Habitat Fragmentation by Land-Use Change: One-Horned Rhinoceros in Nepal and Red-Cockaded Woodpecker in Texas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33207/.

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This research focuses on the spatial analysis of the habitat of two vulnerable species, the one-horn rhinoceros in the grasslands of southern Nepal, and the red-cockaded woodpecker in the Piney woods of southeast Texas, in the USA. A study sites relevant for biodiversity conservation was selected in each country: Chitwan National Park in Nepal, and areas near the Big Thicket National Preserve in Texas. Land-use differs in the two study areas: the first is still undergoing agrarian development while the second is in a technological phase and undergoing urbanization processes. Satellite remote sensing images were used to derive land-cover maps by supervised classification. These maps were then processed by Geographic Information Systems methods to apply habitat models based on basic resources (food and cover) and obtain habitat suitability maps. Several landscape metrics were computed to quantify the habitat characteristics especially the composition and configuration of suitable habitat patches. Sensitivity analyses were performed as the nominal values of some of the model parameters were arbitrary. Development potential probability models were used to hypothesize changes in land-use of the second study site. Various scenarios were employed to examine the impact of development on the habitat of red-cockaded woodpecker. The method derived in this study would prove beneficial to guide management and conservation of wildlife habitats.

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48

Mondragón, Dávila Mery Raquel. "Control y tolerancia al estrés en universitarios usuarios habituales de cannabis". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9481.

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Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de indagar la capacidad de Control y Tolerancia al Estrés en un grupo de universitarios peruanos que reportan consumo habitual de cannabis. Se evaluaron las características del consumo y, a través del psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach, su capacidad para hacer frente a demandas internas y externas, en relación a un grupo comparativo de no consumidores. Contrastes con el estadístico U de Mann Whitney revelaron una mayor puntuación D en el grupo de usuarios que, por vincularse a la elevación de expresiones afectivas menos moduladas (CF + C), pierde funcionalidad. El consumo se asoció a mayores indicadores de sufrimiento emocional, mayor distanciamiento afectivo e interpersonal, y dificultad para el manejo de situaciones complejas, lo que se replicó en análisis comparativos al interior del grupo de estudio. Las dificultades en torno a la afectividad y las relaciones interpersonales merman la eficacia de los recursos y apuntan a una frágil organización psicológica en la que el consumo de marihuana funciona como vía para lidiar con estados afectivos displacenteros, sentimientos de inadecuación social, y la percepción de limitado control sobre sí mismo. Se discute la importancia de contemplar la vivencia subjetiva de los usuarios y las funciones de su uso, a la vez que se reconoce el alto costo emocional que supone mantener ese estilo de vida. Finalmente, se aborda la utilidad de estos resultados en la creación de medidas de prevención e intervención que contribuyan a empoderar al sujeto y suministren estrategias alternas de regulación y afrontamiento.
This research aims to investigate the Tolerance and Stress Control in a group of peruvian university students that report regular cannabis use. The characteristics of marihuana consumption were evaluated and, through the Rorschach inkblot test, user’s ability to cope with sources of tension, in contrast to a comparative group of non-users. Contrasts with the Mann Whitney U statistic revealed a higher D score in the study group, which, when linked to the elevation of less modulated affective expressions (CF + C), loses functionality. Marihuana use was associated with higher indicators of emotional distress, greater affective and interpersonal distance, and difficulty in handling complex situations, all of which was replicated in comparative analyzes within the study group. Difficulties with regard to affectivity and interpersonal relationships undermine the effectiveness of resources and point to a fragile psychological organization in which cannabis consumption functions as a way to cope with unpleasant affective states, feelings of social inadequacy and the perception of little self-agency. We discussed the importance of taking into account the subjective experience of users and the functions of consumption, while recognizing the high emotional cost of maintaining that lifestyle. These results are useful to structure prevention and intervention programs that contribute to empower the subject and provide regulatory and coping strategies to deal with sources of tension.
Tesis

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Hiner, Stephen W. "Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716.

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Bioassessment is the concept of evaluating the ecological condition of habitats by surveying the resident assemblages of living organisms. Conducting bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates is still evolving and continues to be refined. There are strongly divided opinions about study design, sampling methods, laboratory analyses, and data analysis. Two issues that are currently being debated about study design for bioassessment in streams were examined here: 1) what habitats within streams should be sampled; 2) and is it necessary to identify organisms to the species level? The influence of habitat sampling design and level of taxonomic identification on the interpretation of ecological conditions of ten small streams in western Virginia was examined. Cattle watering and grazing heavily affected five of these streams (impaired sites). The other five streams, with no recent cattle activity or other impact by man, were considered to be reference sites because they were minimally impaired and represented best attainable conditions. Inferential and non-inferential statistical analyses concluded that multiple habitat sampling design was more effective than a single habitat design (riffle only) at distinguishing impaired conditions, regardless of taxonomic level. It appeared that sampling design (riffle habitat versus multiple habitats) is more important than taxonomic identification level for distinguishing reference and impaired ecological conditions in this bioassessment study. All levels of taxonomic resolution, which were studied, showed that the macroinvertebrate assemblages at the reference and impaired sites were very different and the assemblages at the impaired sites were adversely affected by perturbation. This study supported the sampling of multiple habitats and identification to the family level as a design for best determining the ecological condition of streams in bioassessment.
Master of Science

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50

Bonin, Joël. "Effect of forest age on woodland amphibians and the habitat and status of stream salamanders in southwestern Québec". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22462.

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I studied two aspects of the ecology of amphibians in southwestern Quebec, an area characterized by a mosaic of small forests interspersed by cultivated land and by the presence of rare species at the northern limits of their distribution. One aim was to determine how forest age after clearcutting affected woodland amphibians. Path analysis was used to compare different causal effects of forest age on Plethodon cinereus density in 22 deciduous forests of 30, 60 and $>$90 years old. Repopulation of Plethodon followed forest litter recovery, 30 to 60 years after clearcutting. However, the effect of forest age was overridden by that of microtopography and soil texture. Rana sylvatica seemed also sensitive to clearcutting while Bufo americanus, Ambystoma maculatum and A. laterale seemed much less sensitive.
A second aim was to determine the status and habitat of stream salamanders at the northern edge of the Adirondacks. Sixty stream sections were sampled. Eurycea bislineata was widespread (in 47 sites) and abundant, especially where rocks were numerous on the shore. The distributions of Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (8 sites) and, to a lesser extent, of Desmognathus fuscus (11 sites) were positively correlated with altitude and the presence of forest. It is proposed that these locations might offer the temperate and oxygenated waters needed by these species during winter and summer. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Tesis sobre el tema "Habitual aspect"

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