Artículos de revistas:

1

Mashamba, Alethea y Elsbeth Robson. "Youth reproductive health services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Health & Place 8, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2002): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(02)00007-2.

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Mpofu, Busani. "Perpetual ‘Outcasts’? Squatters in peri-urban Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Afrika Focus 25, n.º 2 (25 de febrero de 2012): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02502005.

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After independence in 1980 Zimbabwe’s cities experienced a proliferation in the number of squatter camps. This was because of the failure of the urban economy to offer adequate housing and jobs, leaving peri-urban space as the only sanctuary for the urban poor to live in and eke out a living informally. The promotion of rural ‘growth points’ by the national government to promote rural development to discourage migration to urban areas failed. Yet, a poor policy response by the state to this negative outcome of rapid urbanisation that aims to reverse this rural-urban migration has led to unending confrontations between its various arms and squatters who continue to be regarded as encroachers. Focussing on Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and based on interviews, archival research, Council minutes and newspapers, this article critiques the state’s urban development policy vis-à-vis squatters and informality. It is argued that the persistence of a salient perception by government officials that all Africans belong to rural areas and have access to land they can fall back on in hard times serves as a vital lubricant to the state’s action of forcibly sending squatters to rural areas. This ignores the historical pattern of rapid urbanisation and the growth ofinformal economies supporting the livelihoods of thousands of people. I seek to add to the literature on low-cost housing shortages, urban squatters and peri-urbanism in Zimbabwe and on studies of informality in Third World cities in general.

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Nyakutombwa, Content P., Wilfred N. Nunu, Nicholas Mudonhi y Nomathemba Sibanda. "Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction with Healthcare Services Offered in Selected Public Hospitals in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Open Public Health Journal 14, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2021): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010181.

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Introduction: Patient satisfaction with health care services is vital in establishing gaps to be improved, notably in public health facilities utilised by the majority in Low and Middle-Income Countries. This study assessed factors that influenced patient satisfaction with United Bulawayo Hospitals and Mpilo Hospital services in Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 99 randomly selected respondents in two tertiary hospitals in Bulawayo. Chi-squared tests were employed to determine associations between different demographic characteristics and patient satisfaction with various services they received. Multiple Stepwise Linear regression was conducted to assess the strength of the association between different variables. Results: Most of the participants who took part in the study were males in both selected hospitals. It was generally observed that patients were satisfied with these facilities' services, symbolised by over 50% satisfaction. However, patients at Mpilo were overall more satisfied than those at United Bulawayo Hospitals. Variables “received speciality services,” “average waiting times,” and “drugs being issued on time” were significant contributors to different levels of satisfaction observed between Mpilo and United Bulawayo Hospitals. Conclusion: Generally, patients are satisfied with the services and interactions with the health service providers at United Bulawayo Hospitals and Mpilo Hospitals. However, patients at Mpilo were more satisfied than those at United Bulawayo Hospitals. There is generally a need to improve pharmaceutical services, outpatient services, and interaction with health service provider services to attain the highest levels of patient satisfaction.

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PALMIERE, ANDREW y MIRIAM GRANT. "Unequal Balance: HIV/AIDS and Health Care Programmes in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". South African Historical Journal 45, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2001): 154–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582470108671406.

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Ncube, Cynthia. "Prevalence and Associated Factors for Sick Leave Among Bulawayo City Health Employees, Zimbabwe, 2013". TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 7, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijmg.2015.07.02.art002.

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Sick leave is time spent away from work due to illness or injury. A preliminary review of sick leave records for 2012 for the 6 clinics in Nkulumane showed 3 clinics experienced higher sick leave incidents than the other 3 clinics. The study sought to establish the prevalence and associated factors for sick leave in the City of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. An analytic cross-sectional study was carried out among Bulawayo City Health employees working in 20 health facilities. A total of 144 respondents and 3 key informants were interviewed. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, key informant interview guide, and a checklist were used to collect data, which was analysed using Epi Info. The prevalence of sick leave was 34%. Employees who took sick leave less than six months ago were 4.3 times more likely to go on frequent sick leave than those who did not (POR 4.3, P-Value 0.002). Employees who reported good team climate were less likely to go on frequent sick leave (POR 0.29, P-Value 0.002). Feeling unappreciated at work was a risk factor for frequent sick leave (POR 2.61, P-Value 0.01). The cost of sick leave for the City of Bulawayo in 2012 was $US20 840. Periodic refresher meetings on conditions of service, training of managers and other employees on good teamwork, and production of a standard template for recording sick leave by clinics may assist in curbing frequent sick leave incidents.

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Chideme-Maradzika, J. "Health education promotion practice in Zimbabwe". Promotion & Education 7, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2000): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102538230000700309.

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Sidandi, Paul. "Rehabilitation psychiatry: description of a provincial setting in Zimbabwe". Psychiatric Bulletin 14, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1990): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.9.552.

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Psychiatric services in Zimbabwe are, by African standards, relatively sophisticated and are modelled on the British system. A new patient is assessed using the Maudsley history-taking format modified to suit local situations, and a mental state examination. A physical examination and routine investigations follow. X-ray facilities and basic laboratory work-up such as haematology and microscopy are available at Provincial level. EEG, ultrasonography, echoencephalography, CT scanning and serum anticonvulsant levels are available in Harare and Bulawayo.

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8

Khumalo, Njabulo Bruce y Nathan Mnjama. "The Effect of eHealth Information Systems on Health Information Management in Hospitals in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 14, n.º 2 (abril de 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.2019040102.

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EHealth information systems have brought about a lot of positives which include timeous reporting, efficient data analysis, better decision making, coordination and better work processes. Zimbabwe has also adopted the eHealth information systems and this study sought to establish the effects of eHealth information systems on the management of health information in hospitals in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The study applies a qualitative research methodology in which a case study research design and a purposive sampling technique were used. Document analysis and face to face interviews were held with a total of eleven research participants.

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Masuku, Mehluli y Patrick Ngulube. "Managing health records in the Bulawayo and Matabeleland South provinces hospitals, Zimbabwe". Information Development 36, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2019): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666919840698.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the management of health records in the Bulawayo and Matabeleland South provinces in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study were to understand how health records were being managed in the two hospitals, to establish the availability of, and analyse standard procedures and guidelines that informed both the National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ) and hospitals in managing health records. The study also sought to establish the level of professional training for health records management staff in hospitals under study. A qualitative case study design was employed and data was gathered through questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis. Data was analysed thematically based on the objectives of the study. The study revealed that the strategies for the management of health records in hospitals were inadequate. There were no documented health records management standards to guide the management of these records in hospitals. It was also established that the majority of health records personnel in hospitals did not possess records management qualifications. As a recommendation, the hospitals and NAZ should draft and implement health records management standards to provide guidance on the management of health records. Hospitals should employ staff with the requisite records management qualifications and offer them continuous training.

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10

Velempini, Eunice y Kim D. Travers. "Accessibility of Nutritious African Foods for an Adequate Diet in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Journal of Nutrition Education 29, n.º 3 (mayo de 1997): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(97)70176-6.

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11

Dlodlo, Riitta A., Paula I. Fujiwara, Zanele E. Hwalima, Stanley Mungofa y Anthony D. Harries. "Adult mortality in the cities of Bulawayo and Harare, Zimbabwe: 1979-2008". Journal of the International AIDS Society 14 (julio de 2011): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-14-s1-s2.

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12

Ngwenya, Solwayo. "Stillbirth rate and causes in a low-resource setting, Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Tropical Doctor 48, n.º 4 (8 de agosto de 2018): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475518789030.

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A global concern is to end preventable stillbirths by the year 2030. The objective of this study was to document the stillbirth rate and causes of stillbirths in a low-resource setting. This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out at Mpilo Central Hospital, a tertiary teaching referral government hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe during the period January to December 2016. There were 8801 live births and 268 stillbirths (rate: 30.5/1000). The majority(81.3%) were macerated. Pre-term labour, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and abruptio placenta accounted for 51.1%. In 29.9%, the cause could not be identified. A high proportion of macerated stillbirths were unexplained; hence this calls for a renewed focus on community-based approaches to reduce delays in seeking care. Investment in robust diagnostic means and further training of healthcare workers to improve case definition are both urgently required.

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13

Tsang, Eileen Yuk-ha, Shan Qiao, Jeffrey S. Wilkinson, Annis Lai-chu Fung, Freddy Lipeleke y Xiaoming Li. "Multilayered Stigma and Vulnerabilities for HIV Infection and Transmission: A Qualitative Study on Male Sex Workers in Zimbabwe". American Journal of Men's Health 13, n.º 1 (enero de 2019): 155798831882388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318823883.

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Male sex workers are marginalized in most societies due to intersectional stigma between prostitution and homosexuality. In Zimbabwe, a proliferation of male sex workers in major cities such as Harare and Bulawayo has been reported. However, there is a shortage of studies that explore their lives. The current qualitative study aims to describe the practices of sex work, life contexts, and HIV risks and vulnerabilities based on in-depth interviews among 15 male sex workers in Bulawayo. Our studies suggest that the stigma against male sex workers comes from diverse sectors including culture (“homosexuality is un-African, introduced by the Whites”), religion (“same sex is a sin before the God”), law and police (“homosexuality is illegal in Zimbabwe. Engaging in it can send one to prison”), media (“the media is hostile to sex workers particularly men as we are regarded as abnormal and unclean”), and their family (“should they get to know about it, they will disown me”). In this context, male sex workers were excluded from national HIV prevention and treatment programs. They had limited knowledge and many misconceptions about HIV. The stigma and discrimination from health-care providers also discouraged them from health seeking or HIV testing. The non-disclosure to female partners of convenience and sexual relations further increased their vulnerabilities to HIV infection and transmission. Current efforts to address the HIV epidemic should pay attention to male sex workers and tackle the intersecting stigma issues. male sex workers need support and tailored HIV prevention and treatment services to improve their HIV prevention practices, health, and well-being.

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Moyo, Idah y Margaret Macherera. "The experiences of sex workers accessing HIV care services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". African Health Sciences 21, n.º 2 (2 de agosto de 2021): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i2.14.

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Background: Although sub-Saharan African countries have rolled out massive HIV treatment and care programmes, there is little evidence of these having embraced key population groups particularly female sex workers. Due to the criminalisation of sex work in countries like Zimbabwe, research on HIV and its impact on this group is sparse. The absence of an enabling environment has hindered access to HIV care and treatment services for female sex workers. Objectives: To gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of female sex workers accessing HIV care and treatment services to enhance programming and planning for this key population group. Methods: This study was qualitative and phenomenological. Data saturation determined the sample size of 20 participants. Data was collected using in-depth interviews that were audio recorded, transcribed, and subjected to thematic content anal- ysis. Results: Our findings demonstrate varying dynamics between the private and public sector HIV care services for sex work- ers, with facilitators and barriers to access to care. Conclusion: Health workers need sensitization and training in the provision of differentiated care. For effective linkage to and retention in care an enabling environment is critical. Keywords: Linkage to care; retention in care; enabling environment; facilitators; barriers.

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MUPUNGA, I., S. L. LEBELO, P. MNGQAWA, J. P. RHEEDER y D. R. KATERERE. "Natural Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Peanuts and Peanut Butter from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Journal of Food Protection 77, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2014): 1814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-129.

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that may contaminate food and pose a health risk, especially in developing countries, where there is a lack of food security and quality is subsumed by food insufficiency. Aflatoxins are the most toxic known mycotoxins and are a significant risk factor for liver and kidney cancer, teratogenicity, undernutrition, and micronutrient malabsorption in both humans and animals. The main aim of the study was to determine the extent of fungal and aflatoxin contamination in peanuts and peanut butter being sold in both the formal and informal markets in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Eighteen peanut samples and 11 peanut butter samples were purchased from retail shops and the informal market. Fungal contamination was determined using standard mycology culture methods, while aflatoxin contamination was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection. Four of the six peanut samples tested for fungal contamination were infected with Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus, ranging from 3 to 20% of the kernels examined, while 27% (3 of 11) of the peanut butter samples were infected with A. flavus/parasiticus. Ninety-one percent (10 of 11) of the peanut butter samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (mean, 75.66 ng/g, and range, 6.1 to 247 ng/g), and aflatoxin B1 was the most prevalent (mean, 51.0 ng/g, and range, 3.7 to 191 ng/g). Three of the 18 peanut samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (range, 6.6 to 622 ng/g). The commercial peanut butter samples had very high aflatoxin levels, and manufacturers should be sensitized to the detrimental effects of aflatoxins and measures to reduce contamination.

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Makoni, Talent M., Pruthu Thekkur, Kudakwashe C. Takarinda, Sinokuthemba Xaba, Getrude Ncube, Nonhlahla Zwangobani, Julia Samuelson et al. "Linkage of voluntary medical male circumcision clients to adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services through Smart-LyncAges project in Zimbabwe: a cohort study". BMJ Open 10, n.º 5 (mayo de 2020): e033035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033035.

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ObjectivesWHO recommended strengthening the linkages between various HIV prevention programmes and adolescent sexual reproductive health (ASRH) services. The Smart-LyncAges project piloted in Bulawayo city and Mt Darwin district of Zimbabwe established a referral system to link the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) clients to ASRH services provided at youth centres. Since its inception in 2016, there has been no assessment of the performance of the referral system. Thus, we aimed to assess the proportion of young (10–24 years) VMMC clients getting ‘successfully linked’ to ASRH services and factors associated with ‘not being linked’.DesignThis was a cohort study using routinely collected secondary data.SettingAll three VMMC clinics of Mt Darwin district and Bulawayo province.Primary outcome measuresThe proportion of ‘successfully linked’ was summarised as the percentage with a 95% CI. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) using a generalised linear model was calculated as a measure of association between client characteristics and ‘not being linked’.ResultsOf 1773 young people registered for VMMC services, 1478 (83%) were referred for ASRH services as they had not registered for ASRH previously. Of those referred for ASRH services, the mean (SD) age of study participants was 13.7 (4.3) years and 427 (28.9%) were out of school. Of the referred, 463 (31.3%, 95% CI: 30.0 to 33.8) were ‘successfully linked’ to ASRH services and the median (IQR) duration for linkage was 6 (0–56) days. On adjusted analysis, receiving referral from Bulawayo circumcision clinic (aRR: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3 to 1.7)) and undergoing circumcision at outreach sites (aRR: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1 to 1.3)) were associated with ‘not being linked’ to ASRH services.ConclusionLinkage to ASRH services from VMMC is feasible as one-third VMMC clients were successfully linked. However, there is need to explore reasons for not accessing ASRH services and take corrective actions to improve the linkages.

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Nyemba, Anesu, Emmanuel Manzungu, Sijabuliso Masango y Simon Musasiwa. "The impact of water scarcity on environmental health in selected residential areas in Bulawayo City, Zimbabwe". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 35, n.º 13-14 (enero de 2010): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.028.

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Mangombe, Aveneni, Philip Owiti, Bernard Madzima, Sinokuthemba Xaba, Talent M. Makoni, Kudakwashe C. Takarinda, Collins Timire et al. "Does peer education go beyond giving reproductive health information? Cohort study in Bulawayo and Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe". BMJ Open 10, n.º 3 (marzo de 2020): e034436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034436.

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ObjectivePeer education is an intervention within the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC)–adolescent sexual reproductive health (ASRH) linkages project in Bulawayo and Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe since 2016. Little is known if results extend beyond increasing knowledge. We therefore assessed the extent of and factors affecting referral by peer educators and receipt of HIV testing services (HTS), contraception, management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and VMMC services by young people (10–24 years) counselled.DesignA cohort study involving all young people counselled by 95 peer educators during October–December 2018, through secondary analysis of routinely collected data.SettingAll ASRH and VMMC sites in Mt Darwin and Bulawayo.ParticipantsAll young people counselled by 95 peer educators.Outcome measuresCensor date for assessing receipt of services was 31 January 2019. Factors (clients’ age, gender, marital and schooling status, counselling type, location, and peer educators’ age and gender) affecting non-referral and non-receipt of services (dependent variables) were assessed by log-binomial regression. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were calculated.ResultsOf the 3370 counselled (66% men), 65% were referred for at least one service. 58% of men were referred for VMMC. Other services had 5%–13% referrals. Non-referral for HTS decreased with clients’ age (aRR: ~0.9) but was higher among group-counselled (aRR: 1.16). Counselling by men (aRR: 0.77) and rural location (aRR: 0.61) reduced risks of non-referral for VMMC, while age increased it (aRR ≥1.59). Receipt of services was high (64%–80%) except for STI referrals (39%). Group counselling and rural location (aRR: ~0.52) and male peer educators (aRR: 0.76) reduced the risk of non-receipt of VMMC. Rural location increased the risk of non-receipt of contraception (aRR: 3.18) while marriage reduced it (aRR: 0.20).ConclusionWe found varying levels of referral ranging from 5.1% (STIs) to 58.3% (VMMC) but high levels of receipt of services. Type of counselling, peer educators’ gender and location affected receipt of services. We recommend qualitative approaches to further understand reasons for non-referrals and non-receipt of services.

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Ngwenya, Solwayo. "Challenges in the surgical management of ectopic pregnancy in a low-resource setting: Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Tropical Doctor 47, n.º 4 (26 de marzo de 2017): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475517700810.

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Background Ectopic pregnancy contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in low-resourced countries with limited facilities for early diagnosis and treatment. It is a very challenging condition to diagnose. Patients may collapse and die while undergoing investigation. Aims To assess surgical treatment given to patients presenting at Mpilo Central Hospital, the challenges that are faced and the outcomes; and also to document how women survive this dangerous condition in a setting challenged by low resources. Results All the patients had prompt life-saving surgery within 48 h of admission despite the challenges faced. The survival rate was 100% during the period of the study. Conclusion It is possible to prevent maternal mortality in low-resource countries by maintaining basic clinical and surgical skills.

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Ngwenya, Bigboy, Jacques Oosthuizen, Martyn Cross y Kwasi Frimpong. "Emerging heat-related climate change influences; a public health challenge to health care practitioners and policy makers: Insight from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 27 (marzo de 2018): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.10.012.

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Bardgett, H. P., M. Dixon y N. J. Beeching. "Increase in hospital mortality from non-communicable disease and HIV-related conditions in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2000". Tropical Doctor 36, n.º 3 (julio de 2006): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947506777978217.

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Rusakaniko, Simbarashe, Elopy Nemele Sibanda, Takafira Mduluza, Paradzayi Tagwireyi, Zephaniah Dhlamini, Chiratidzo Ellen Ndhlovu, Precious Chandiwana et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Serological testing in frontline health workers in Zimbabwe". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, n.º 3 (31 de marzo de 2021): e0009254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009254.

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Background In order to protect health workers from SARS-CoV-2, there is need to characterise the different types of patient facing health workers. Our first aim was to determine both the infection status and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in health workers. Our second aim was to evaluate the occupational and demographic predictors of seropositivity to inform the country’s infection prevention and control (IPC) strategy. Methods and principal findings We invited 713 staff members at 24 out of 35 health facilities in the City of Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. Compliance to testing was defined as the willingness to uptake COVID-19 testing by answering a questionnaire and providing samples for both antibody testing and PCR testing. SARS-COV-2 antibodies were detected using a rapid diagnostic test kit and SAR-COV-2 infection was determined by real-time (RT)-PCR. Of the 713 participants, 635(89%) consented to answering the questionnaire and providing blood sample for antibody testing while 560 (78.5%) agreed to provide nasopharyngeal swabs for the PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing. Of the 635 people (aged 18–73) providing a blood sample 39.1% reported a history of past COVID-19 symptoms while 14.2% reported having current symptoms of COVID-19. The most-prevalent co-morbidity among this group was hypertension (22.0%) followed by asthma (7.0%) and diabetes (6.0%). The SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence was 8.9%. Of the 560 participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 participants (0.36%) were positive for SAR-CoV-2 infection by PCR testing. None of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive people were positive for SAR-CoV-2 infection by PCR testing. Conclusion and interpretation In addition to clinical staff, several patient-facing health workers were characterised within Zimbabwe’s health system and the seroprevalence data indicated that previous exposure to SAR-CoV-2 had occurred across the full spectrum of patient-facing staff with nurses and nurse aides having the highest seroprevalence. Our results highlight the need for including the various health workers in IPC strategies in health centres to ensure effective biosecurity and biosafety.

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Clark, Thomas S., Gerhard K. Friedrich, Methembe Ndlovu, Torsten B. Neilands y Willi McFarland. "An Adolescent-targeted HIV Prevention Project Using African Professional Soccer Players as Role Models and Educators in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". AIDS and Behavior 10, S1 (22 de junio de 2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9140-4.

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Mlilo, Philani, Cowen Dziva, Vuyisile Precious Moyo, Nonhlanhla Lindelwe Ndondo, Zanele Ndlovu y Nkosinathi Muyambo. "“Growing up and growing old with HIV”: HIV+ adolescents’ experiences of disclosing statuses to romantic partners in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". African Journal of AIDS Research 19, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2020): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2020.1841011.

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Mutengu, Sherman, Zvikomborero Hoko y Fungai S. Makoni. "An assessment of the public health hazard potential of wastewater reuse for crop production. A case of Bulawayo city, Zimbabwe". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, n.º 15-18 (enero de 2007): 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.019.

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Ngwenya, Solwayo. "Factors associated with maternal mortality from sepsis in a low-resource setting: a five-year review at Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Tropical Doctor 50, n.º 1 (6 de noviembre de 2019): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475519884436.

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Sepsis remains a major cause of maternal deaths globally. It is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in women of reproductive age. It is important that such a major contributor is studied in low-resource settings. The aims of this study were to document the percentage of maternal deaths from sepsis among the total number of maternal deaths in a low-resource setting and to determine factors associated with maternal mortality from sepsis at Mpilo Central Hospital. This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out at Mpilo Central Hospital. Nearly one-third (29.3%) of maternal deaths were due to sepsis. The major factor associated with maternal mortality was post-abortal sepsis (41.7%).

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Gomera, Sheron. "Facing the truth". Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 10, n.º 2 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i2.4792.

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The purpose of the study was to explore the process of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disclosure to children living with perinatal HIV at Mpilo Opportunistic Clinic (OI) in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. The qualitative approach was used to study the topic and a phenomenological research design was used to describe the process of disclosure to children living with perinatal HIV. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data collected revealed that the HIV status disclosure to adolescents was difficult for caregivers, which caused the disclosure to be done later than recommended by the Ministry of Health and Child Care Zimbabwe. This had a significant negative impact on the psychological well-being of children who also struggled to disclose their status to others. The study revealed that the HIV counsellors lacked skills to counsel on psychological issues. The researcher recommended that psychologist be integrated in the formulation of an HIV manual and be employed at OI clinics to counsel children and caregivers. Keywords: Perinatal HIV, children, psychosocial, OI clinic.

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Simmons, D. "The role of ethnography in STI and HIV/AIDS education and promotion with traditional healers in Zimbabwe". Health Promotion International 26, n.º 4 (22 de febrero de 2011): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dar004.

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Hirai, Mitsuaki, Arnold Cole, Moreblessing Munyaka, Steven Mudhuviwa, Taurai Maja y Aidan Cronin. "Use of group maturity index to measure growth, performance, and sustainability of community health clubs in urban water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) program in Zimbabwe". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, n.º 4 (5 de octubre de 2020): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.023.

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Abstract Zimbabwe experienced an unprecedented cholera outbreak in 2008 and 2009. Reduced access to water, sanitation and hygiene, delayed community health education, and limited knowledge on cholera prevention were the major risk factors of this outbreak which were addressed by urban WASH interventions. Health and hygiene promotion through community health clubs (CHCs) is a cost-effective strategy to reduce the risk of cholera. In 2013, UNICEF Zimbabwe launched the Small Towns WASH Program (STWP) and used the CHC approach for hygiene promotion. To monitor the growth, performance, and sustainability of CHCs, STWP employed the Group Maturity Index, which measures the status of CHCs in five domains: objectives, governance, resources, group systems, and impacts. This study described the maturity status of CHCs as measured by GMI as a new monitoring tool and assessed if CHCs’ performances in GMI's output domains are associated with the impact domain. The results suggested that over 75% of CHCs had reached the managed stage or the mature stage by 2018. Three of the GMI's output domains were independently associated with the overall impact domain after controlling for potential confounders. CHCs and club members may experience overall positive impacts by developing their governance, resource, and group system domains.

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Mbanga, Joshua, Atida Sibanda, Sekai Rubayah, Fiona Buwerimwe y Kudakwashe Mambodza. "Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Isolates on Close Contact Surfaces and Health Care Workers in Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 27, n.º 2 (9 de julio de 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2018/42764.

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Siwela, A. H., C. B. Nyathi y Y. S. Naik. "A comparison of metal levels and antioxidant enzymes in freshwater snails, Lymnaea natalensis, exposed to sediment and water collected from Wright Dam and Lower Mguza Dam, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73, n.º 7 (octubre de 2010): 1728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.001.

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Alikali, Moses. "The attitudes and activities of pastors and faith leaders in Zimbabwe on the use of family planning methods among their members". Christian Journal for Global Health 4, n.º 2 (11 de julio de 2017): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i2.188.

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Background Faith leaders are important gatekeepers in disseminating reproductive health messages and influencing positive behavior change within communities. Faith leaders are seen as the most powerful, visible, and reachable form of authority, even trusted more than governments or non-profit organizations. In addition to providing counsel and advice aimed at enhancing health and wellbeing of the worshippers, faith leaders also play an important role in advocating and influencing what is taught in schools and what services are provided in healthcare facilities. Because of this influence, faith leaders often have an unparalleled opportunity—indeed, a moral obligation—to prioritize conversations about family planning, advocating, and closing the contraception gap. The overall objective of this study was to ascertain the attitude and activities of pastors and faith leaders in Zimbabwe on the use of family planning methods among their members. The result revealed that some faith leaders believed that spreading information about family planning education was the responsibility of the government and tended to avoid such responsibility. However, through training on family planning advocacy, much can be achieved. Methods Qualitative study methods were used to better understand the attitude and activities of pastors and faith leaders in Zimbabwe on the use of family planning methods among their members. The participants of this survey were drawn from 8 of 10 provinces in Zimbabwe, which include: Bulawayo, Harare, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, and Matabeleland North. Paper-based questionnaires were answered by 24 pastors and 26 faith leaders in Zimbabwe (Table 1) through personal face-to-face meetings, while interviews were conducted with a select few pastors and faith leaders. The samples were drawn from randomly selected churches in Zimbabwe. Data was analyzed using Epi info 7 and Microsoft Excel. Results Generally, the pastors and faith leaders understood the benefits of longer birth intervals for the health of their members and their children, and the need for them to be involved in family planning awareness. However, both seemed slow to incorporate family planning into their programs. The faith leaders indicated an interest in being a part of various forms of campaigns to promote family planning if they could be equipped with correct information on family planning. Many strongly believed family planning to be of great importance to them and their families in situations where their financial incomes were low, and that family planning could reduce the rate of abortion. A majority agreed family planning was in agreement with their religious beliefs. Some felt their members had basic information on family planning methods, but only 44 percent of the faith leaders actually counseled their members on family planning methods from time to time. Although many would like to be part of those who create awareness in their various places of worship, only 28 percent of them had the right information on family planning through training. Conclusion One major factor for the limited involvement of faith leaders in family planning awareness is their lack of correct information on family planning. The gap can be narrowed by organizing family planning advocacy training workshops. Networks such as Africa Christian Health Association Platform (ACHAP), the Islamic Medical Association of Zimbabwe (IMAZ), Zimbabwe Association of Church-Related Hospitals (ZACH), and Zimbabwe Council of Churches (ZCC) can also be leveraged to disseminate and accelerate the spread of family planning information.

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Laver, Susan M. L., Bart Van Der Borne y Gerjo Kok. "Using Theory to Design an Intervention for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Farm Workers in Rural Zimbabwe". International Quarterly of Community Health Education 25, n.º 1 (abril de 2005): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xj50-mjr8-7k77-rq57.

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A variety of primary prevention strategies are used in HIV prevention programs in Africa. However, these are often developed through intuition and the theoretical basis for many interventions is limited to the knowledge /attitude model. This Article illustrates how research findings from a base-line survey are combined with Paulo Freire's social change theory and the Ecological Model for Health Promotion to develop a participatory intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention in farm workers in Zimbabwe. The article addresses the need to focus attention on the process of change at the interpersonal level, organizational and policy levels of the community. Dialogue is central to the range of strategies proposed for the intervention. The effect will be measured through process and outcome evaluation.

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Laver, Susan M. L., Bart Van Der Borne y Gerjo Kok. "Using Theory to Design an Intervention for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Farm Workers in Rural Zimbabwe". International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, n.º 4 (enero de 1995): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fkmx-me0c-3ptn-03x3.

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A variety of primary prevention strategies are used in HIV prevention programs in Africa. However, these are often developed through intuition and the theoretical basis for many interventions is limited to the knowledge/attitude model. This article illustrates how research findings from a base-line survey are combined with Paulo Freire's social change theory and the Ecological Model for Health Promotion to develop a participatory intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention in farm workers in Zimbabwe. The article addresses the need to focus attention on the process of change at the interpersonal level, organizational and policy levels of the community. Dialogue is central to the range of strategies proposed for the intervention. The effect will be measured through process and outcome evaluation.

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Shoko, Evans y Maheshvari Naidu. "Mapping the role of health professionals in peace promotion within an urban complex emergency: the case of Chegutu, Zimbabwe". Medicine, Conflict and Survival 36, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2020): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2020.1832725.

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Ajuwon, Grace A., Nancy Kamau, Alison Kinyengyere y Masimba Muziringa. "Consumer Health Information Literacy Promotion Program in Public and Community Libraries in Africa: Experience from Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zimbabwe". Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet 21, n.º 4 (2 de octubre de 2017): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15398285.2017.1376180.

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Mattew, Nyanshanu, Chireshe Rumbidzai, Jidong Dung, Nyashanu Wendy y Ekpenyong Mandu Stephen. "Exploring enablers of sexually transmitted infections among illegal gold miners in the midlands region of Zimbabwe". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, n.º 4 (24 de marzo de 2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211106.

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Background: Sub-Saharan Africa faces by far the highest rate of HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Illegal mineworkers are considered at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Men are generally not receptive to health promotion messages.Methods: This study explored the enablers of sexually transmitted infections. The study utilized a qualitative approach. A total of 40 participants were recruited. Semi structured interviews were used to collect data. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Zimbabwe, like any other country in the sub-Saharan region of Africa, has been affected by the epidemic of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, because of poor sexual health education.Results: The study found that the enablers of STIs included poor sexual health knowledge, substance misuse, prolonged stay from family, stigma, lack of entertainment, cultural status, and poor sexual health services.Conclusions: STIs among illegal gold miners is a public health concern that needs urgent attention in many developing countries.

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Hunt, Jenny, Katherine Bristowe, Sybille Chidyamatare y Richard Harding. "‘So isolation comes in, discrimination and you find many people dying quietly without any family support’: Accessing palliative care for key populations – an in-depth qualitative study". Palliative Medicine 33, n.º 6 (12 de marzo de 2019): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216319835398.

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Background: Ensuring palliative care for all under a new global health policy must include key populations, that is, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people, and sex workers. Accessibility and quality of care have not been investigated in lower and middle-income countries where civil rights are the weakest. Aim: To examine the accessibility to, and experiences of, palliative care for key populations in Zimbabwe. Design: Qualitative study using thematic analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups. Setting/participants: A total of 60 key population adults and 12 healthcare providers and representatives of palliative care and key population support organisations were interviewed in four sites (Harare, Bulawayo, Mutare and Masvingo/Beitbridge). Results: Participants described unmet needs and barriers to accessing even basic elements of palliative care. Discrimination by healthcare providers was common, exacerbated by the politico-legal-economic environment. Two dominant themes emerged: (a) minimal understanding of, and negligible access to, palliative care significantly increased the risk of painful, undignified deaths and (b) discriminatory beliefs and practices from healthcare providers, family members and the community negatively affected those living with life-limiting illness, and their wishes at the end of life. Enacted stigma from healthcare providers was a potent obstacle to quality care. Conclusion: Discrimination from healthcare providers and lack of referrals to palliative care services increase the risk of morbidity, mortality and transmission of infectious diseases. Untreated conditions, exclusion from services, and minimal family and social support create unnecessary suffering. Public health programmes addressing other sexually taboo subjects may provide guidance.

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Laver, Susan M., Bart Van Den Borne, Gerjo Kok y Godfrey Woelk. "Was the Intervention Implemented as Intended?: A Process Evaluation of an AIDS Prevention Intervention in Rural Zimbabwe". International Quarterly of Community Health Education 16, n.º 1 (abril de 1996): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/emcn-h455-ykaq-tgx6.

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End-point evaluations are still the most commonly used method of assessing the success or failure of interventions. This article describes how a process evaluation was used to measure “what happened” during an HIV/AIDS prevention program for farm workers in Zimbabwe. The intervention was developed according to the Paulo Freirian theory of Social Change and the Ecological Model for health promotion. The stages of the intervention were cyclical; in the first stage innovative methods were used to encourage appraisal of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS through activities which raised critical thinking and dialogue. In the next phase, emphasis was placed on developing cognitive and attitude change in the target group. Self-protective behavior was encouraged through condom use and an increase in self-efficacy with respect to negotiating safe sex, especially among women. In the last stage of the intervention, efforts were made to create a climate for maintenance of behavior and socially responsible action within the community. The process evaluation provided valuable insight into factors which, when aggregated, provided an overview of a program whose successes and failures may well have been determined by issues outside the scope of the intervention. The effect of seasonal fluctuations of labor, income, and farming activity on program activity, patterns of STD, and condom demand were marked. This leads back to the researchers' initial question: “Was the intervention implemented as planned?” and the answer—only partially.

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Chilunjika, Alouis y Sharon R. T. Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika. "Dynamics surrounding the Implementation of the Primary Health Care Approach in Zimbabwe’s Rural Areas: The Case of Mt Darwin District". International Journal of Clinical Inventions and Medical Science 3, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijcims-0301.162.

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This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service delivery in Zimbabwe’s rural areas from 2009 to 2012. The approach was launched in response to the Alma-Alta Declaration in 1978 which sought to end the inequalities in health care provision around the globe and was first adopted and implemented in 1982 in Zimbabwe. The approach almost collapsed due to the economic meltdown in the past decade but the period 2009 to 2013 marked a new economic paradigm in Zimbabwe which saw the economy being dollarized which subsequently led to the revival and the resuscitation of the health sector. It is therefore to explore the progress and the dynamics surrounding the implementation of the PHC at Mt Darwin Hospital in light of the dollarized economy. The study explores the dynamics surrounding the implementation of PHC at Mt Darwin District Hospital by particular attention to the following key elements: promotion of nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs. Qualitative techniques such as face to face interviews with key informants and documentary research were used to generate data. The research findings revealed that PHC is a powerful tool in delivering health services in Mt Darwin. However, lack of material, financial and human resources have hindered the proper implementation of the PHC approach in Mt Darwin district. The study recommends multi sectoral collaboration in solving health related issues.

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Waterkeyn, Juliet Anne y Anthony James Waterkeyn. "Creating a culture of health: hygiene behaviour change in community health clubs through knowledge and positive peer pressure". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2013): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.109.

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Understanding the mechanisms that trigger behaviour change to overcome risky hygiene is critical to improving family health. Research in an integrated health promotion programme in 382 Community Health Clubs (CHCs) in three districts of Zimbabwe showed clearly the value members attached to gaining ‘knowledge’, which was their strongest motivation for joining CHCs. In these rural areas, where only 38% had completed primary school, randomly sampled CHCs ranked the ‘Need for Knowledge’ second highest after ‘Safety’. A survey of 880 CHC members showed that an average of 80% of CHC members who had ‘full knowledge of diarrhoea’, also practised ten recommended hygiene practices (P > 0.001), compared to 17% who had ‘some knowledge’, and 6% who had safe hygiene, but ‘no knowledge’. In the control group only 50% with ‘full knowledge’ of diarrhoea, also practised safe hygiene, 30% fewer than the CHCs. Therefore, thorough training is needed to ensure a critical mass have ‘full knowledge’. This justifies the CHC Model with 24 weekly sessions reinforcing key messages over a six month period. Positive peer pressure through shared knowledge, understanding and experience, combines to change group values ensuring that even uninformed individuals adopt safe hygiene practices through the adoption of a ‘Culture of Health’.

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Ncube, France, Artwell Kanda, Maude Chahwanda, Margaret Macherera y Bigboy Ngwenya. "Predictors of hand hygiene behaviours among primary and secondary school children in a rural district setting in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional epidemiologic study". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, n.º 4 (22 de octubre de 2020): 851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.126.

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Abstract Hand hygiene is one of the most effective and efficient ways of controlling faecal–oral diseases. However, little is known about the predictors of hand hygiene behaviours among school children. A predesigned checklist guide was used to observe hygiene behaviours of 460 pupils from four rural schools in Shamva South district, Zimbabwe. A pretested questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic data of the observed school children. Membership of a Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) club, age, gender and the level of education were associated with hand hygiene practices (p < 0.05). The findings indicated that investing in hand hygiene behaviour change processes among school children using the promotion, formation, resuscitation and empowerment of WASH clubs in schools is important in disease prevention among communities in developing countries.

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Abrams, Amber Louise, Torkel Falkenberg, Christa Rautenbach, Mosa Moshabela, Busisiwe Shezi, Suné van Ellewee y Renee Street. "Legislative landscape for traditional health practitioners in Southern African development community countries: a scoping review". BMJ Open 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): e029958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029958.

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Background and objectivesGlobally, contemporary legislation surrounding traditional health practitioners (THPs) is limited. This is also true for the member states of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The main aim of this study is to map and review THP-related legislation among SADC countries. In order to limit the scope of the review, the emphasis is on defining THPs in terms of legal documents.MethodsThis scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews methods. Two independent reviewers reviewed applicable legal definitions of THPs by searching the Southern African Legal Information Institute (SAFLII) database in April 2018 for legislation and bills. To identify additional legislation applicable in countries not listed on SAFLII and/or further relevant SADC legislation, the search engines, Google and PubMed, were used in August 2018 and results were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Full texts of available policy and legal documents were screened to identify policies and legislation relating to the regulation of THPs. Legislation was deemed relevant if it was a draft of or promulgated legislation relating to THPs.ResultsFour of 14 Southern African countries have legislation relating to THPs. Three countries, namely South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe, have acknowledged the roles and importance of THPs in healthcare delivery by creating a council to register and formalise practices, although they have not operationalised nor registered and defined THPs. In contrast, Tanzania has established a definition couched in terms that acknowledge the context-specific and situational knowledge of THPs, while also outlining methods and the importance of local recognition. Tanzanian legislation; thus, provides a definition of THP that specifically operationalises THPs, whereas legislation in South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe allocates the power to a council to decide or recognise who a THP is; this council can prescribe procedures to be followed for the registration of a THP.ConclusionsThis review highlights the differences and similarities between the various policies and legislation pertaining to THPs in SADC countries. Legislation regarding THPs is available in four of the 14 SADC countries. While South Africa, Tanzania, Namibia and Zimbabwe have legislation that provides guidance as to THP recognition, registration and practices, THPs continue to be loosely defined in most of these countries. Not having an exact definition for THPs may hamper the promotion and inclusion of THPs in national health systems, but it may also be something that is unavoidable given the tensions between lived practices and rigid legalistic frameworks.

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Curry, Robert L. "A Financial and Management System for the Health Sector by Norman Reynolds Harare, Zimbabwe Promotion Council, 061986. Pp. 23. - A National Financial and Management System for the Education Sector by Norman Reynolds and Mary Chirume Harare, Zimbabwe Promotion Council, 051986. Pp. 18. - Mobilization of Personal Savings in Zimbabwe Through Financial Development by Detlef Radke et al. Berlin, German Development Institute, 1986. Pp. xxii+108." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1987): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010004.

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Solfiah, Yeni Solfiah, Devi Risma, Hukmi y Rita Kurnia. "Early Childhood Disaster Management Media Through Picture Story Books". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2020): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.10.

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Indonesia is a country that has a high potential for natural disasters. Picture story book is a form of disaster management learning that can help children from an early age to prepare for a natural disaster. The aims of this study to develop story books as a disaster management learning media, to improve knowledge and skills of children and teacher about the understanding, principles, and actions of rescue when facing the natural disasters, to increase the teacher’s learning quality in disaster management. Developmental research approach is used to execute the study. A total of 48 children aged 5-6 years have to carry out pre-test and post-test. Pre-test data shows that children's knowledge about disaster management with an average of 47.92% and its improved at post-test with 76,88%. Five theme of story books involves floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, lands and forest fires is the product. Dissemination of five story books are proper for children and improve their understanding of disaster management. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Management Disaster, Storybooks Reference: Abulnour, A. H. (2013). Towards efficient disaster management in Egypt. Housing and Building National Research Center. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.07.004 Adiyoyoso, W. (2018). Manajemen Bencana. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11428813 Batič, J. (2019). Reading Picture Books in Preschool and Lower Grades of Primary School. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, (November), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.554 Bosschaart, A., van der Schee, J., Kuiper, W., & Schoonenboom, J. (2016). Evaluating a flood- risk education program in the Netherlands. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 50, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.07.002 Codreanu, T. A., Celenza, A., & Jacobs, I. (2014). Does disaster education of teenagers translate into better survival knowledge, knowledge of skills, and adaptive behavioral change? A systematic literature review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 29(6), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X14001083 Delicado, A., Rowland, J., Fonseca, S., & Nunes, A. (2017). Children in Disaster Risk Reduction in Portugal : Policies , Education , and ( Non ) Participation. 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-017-0138-5 Demiroz, F., & Haase, T. W. (2019). The concept of resilience: a bibliometric analysis of the emergency and disaster management literature. Local Government Studies, 45(3), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2018.1541796 Efthymis, L., Michael, S., Alexia, G., Panagiotis, P., Vassiliki, A., Kate, V., & Spyros, P. (2014). Disaster Data Centre — An Innovative Educational Tool for Disaster Reduction through Education in Schools. (September), 35–40. Faber, M. H., Giuliani, L., Revez, A., Jayasena, S., Sparf, J., & Mendez, J. M. (2014). Interdisciplinary Approach to Disaster Resilience Education and Research. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18(September), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212- 5671(14)00981-2 Frankenberg, E., Gillespie, T., Preston, S., Sikoki, B., & Thomas, D. (2011). Mortality, the family and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Economic Journal, 121(554), 162–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02446.x Fujioka, T., & Sakakibara, Y. (2018). School education for disaster risk reduction in Japan after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJET). Terrae Didatica, 14(3), 313– 319. https://doi.org/10.20396/td.v14i3.8653531 Guha-Sapir, D., Van Panhuis, W. G., & Lagoutte, J. (2007). Short communication: Patterns of chronic and acute diseases after natural disasters - A study from the International Committee of the Red Cross field hospital in Banda Aceh after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 12(11), 1338–1341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 3156.2007.01932.x Haggstrom, M. (2020). The art of read-aloud, body language and identity construction: A multimodal interactional analysis of interaction between parent, child and picture book. International Journal of Language Studies, 14(1), 117–140. Halim, L., Abd Rahman, N., Zamri, R., & Mohtar, L. (2018). The roles of parents in cultivating children’s interest towards science learning and careers. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(2), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.05.001 Hamele, M., Gist, R. E., & Kissoon, N. (2019). P ro v i s i o n o f C a re f o r C r i t i c a l l y I l l C h i l d ren i n Disasters. 35, 659–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2019.06.003 Justice, L. M., & Piasta, S. (2011). Developing children’s print knowledge through adult-child storybook reading interactions: Print referencing as an instructional practice. In Handbook of early literacy research (In S. B. N). Kitagawa, K. (2016). Situating preparedness education within public pedagogy. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 1366(November), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2016.1200660 Kousky, C. (2016). Impacts of natural disasters on children. Future of Children, 26(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2016.0004 Latif, M., Zukhairina, Zubaidah, R., & Afandi, M. (2013). Orientasi Baru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Teori dan Aplikasi). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lin, R. (2012). A Study of Curriculum Innovation Teaching and Creative Thinking for Picture Book Creation. IERI Procedia, Vol. 2, pp. 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ieri.2012.06.047 Lopez, Y., Hayden, J., Cologon, K., & Hadley, F. (2012). Child participation and disaster risk reduction. International Journal of Early Years Education, 20(3), 300–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2012.716712 Manjale, N. B., & Abel, C. (2017). Significance and adequacy of instructional media as perceived by primary school pupils and teachers in. 4(6), 151–157. Masuda, K., & Yamauchi, C. (2017). The effects of female education on adolescent pregnancy and child health: evidence from Uganda’s Universal Primary Education for fully treated cohorts. GRIPS Discussion Paper - National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, (17/01), 49-pp. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/07f5/ebe91e3ac20179daae7d885ea50f8154f94e.pdf Mateo, R. M. (2015). Contrastive Multimodal Analysis of two Spanish translations of a picture book. 212, 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.338 McKenney, S., & Reeves, T. (2012). Conducting educational design research. London: Routledge. Meng, L., & Muñoz, M. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching: a comparative study of elementary school teachers from China and the USA. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. Mudavanhu, Chipo Muzenda Manyena, B., & Collins, A. E. (2016). Disaster risk reduction knowledge among children in Muzarabani District, Zimbabwe. Natural Hazards, 84(2), 911–931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2465-z Mutch, C. (2014). International Journal of Educational Development The role of schools in disaster settings : Learning from the 2010 – 2011 New Zealand earthquakes. International Journal of Educational Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.008 Ozturk, M. B., Sendogdu, M. C., Seker, E., & Tekinsen, H. K. (2011). Parents with children in preschool children ’ s picture book review elections. 15, 1906–1910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.025 Peek, L. (2008). Children and Disasters: Understanding Vulnerability, Developing Capacities, and Promoting Resilience - An Introduction. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1– 29. Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. (2007). An introduction to educational design research. Enschede: The Netherlands: SLO. Pramitasari, M., Yetti, E., & Hapidin. (2018). Pengembangan Media Sliding Book Untuk Media Pengenalan Sains Kehidupan (Life Science) Kelautan untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 281–290. Proulx, K., & Aboud, F. (2019). Disaster risk reduction in early childhood education: Effects on preschool quality and child outcomes. International Journal of Educational Development, 66(October 2017), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.01.007 Pyle, A., & Danniels, E. (2016). Using a picture book to gain assent in research with young children. 4430(March). https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2015.1100175 Raj, A., & Kasi, S. (2015). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Psychosocial disaster preparedness for school children by teachers. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 12, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.12.007 Raynaudo, G., & Peralta, O. (2019). Children learning a concept with a book and an e-book: a comparison with matched instruction. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 34(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0370-4 Sawyer, B., Atkins-burnett, S., Sandilos, L., Hammer, C. S., Lopez, L., Blair, C., ... Hammer, C. S. (2018). Variations in Classroom Language Environments of Preschool Children Who Are Low Income and Linguistically Diverse. Early Education and Development, 29(3), 398– 416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2017.1408373 Simcock, G., & Heron-delaney, M. (2016). 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Gona, Philimon N., Clara M. Gona, Vasco Chikwasha, Clara Haruzivishe, Chabila C. Mapoma y Sowmya R. Rao. "Intersection of HIV and Anemia in women of reproductive age: a 10-year analysis of three Zimbabwe demographic health surveys, 2005–2015". BMC Public Health 21, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10033-8.

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Abstract Background Women of reproductive age 15–49 are at a high risk of iron-deficiency anemia, which in turn may contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality. Common causes of anemia include poor nutrition, infections, malaria, HIV, and treatments for HIV. We conducted a secondary analysis to study the prevalence of and associated risk factors for anemia in women to elucidate the intersection of HIV and anemia using data from 3 cycles of Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) conducted in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Methods DHS design comprises of a two-stage cluster-sampling to monitor and evaluate indicators for population health. A field hemoglobin test was conducted in eligible women. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL in pregnant women; < 12.0 in nonpregnant women. Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analysis accounting for complex survey design were used to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with anemia. Results Prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) of anemia was 37.8(35.9–39.7), 28.2(26.9–29.5), 27.8(26.5–29.1) in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Approximately 9.4, 7.2, and 6.1%, of women had moderate anemia; (Hgb 7–9.9) while 1.0, 0.7, and 0.6% of women had severe anemia (Hgb < 7 g/dL)), in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Risk factors associated with anemia included HIV (HIV+: 2005: OR (95% CI) = 2.40(2.03–2.74), 2010: 2.35(1.99–2.77), and 2015: 2.48(2.18–2.83)]; Residence in 2005 and 2010 [(2005: 1.33(1.08–1.65), 2010: 1.26(1.03–1.53)]; Pregnant or breastfeeding women [2005: 1.31(1.16–1.47), 2010: 1.23(1.09–1.34)]; not taking iron supplementation [2005: 1.17(1.03–1.33), 2010: 1.23(1.09–1.40), and2015: 1.24(1.08–1.42)]. Masvingo, Matebeleland South, and Bulawayo provinces had the highest burden of anemia across the three DHS Cycles. Manicaland and Mashonaland East had the lowest burden. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in Zimbabwe declined between 2005 and 2015 but provinces of Matebeleland South and Bulawayo were hot spots with little or no change HIV positive women had higher prevalence than HIV negative women. The multidimensional causes and drivers of anemia in women require an integrated approach to help ameliorate anemia and its negative health effects on the women’s health. Prevention strategies such as promoting iron-rich food and food fortification, providing universal iron supplementation targeting lowveld provinces and women with HIV, pregnant or breastfeeding are required.

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Mpofu, Busani. "Perpetual ‘Outcasts’? Squatters in peri-urban Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Afrika Focus 25, n.º 2 (14 de septiembre de 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v25i2.4946.

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After independence in 1980 Zimbabwe’s cities experienced a proliferation in the number of squatter camps. This was because of the failure of the urban economy to offer adequate housing and jobs, leaving peri-urban space as the only sanctuary for the urban poor to live in and eke out a living informally. The promotion of rural ‘growth points’ by the national government to promote rural development to discourage migration to urban areas failed. Yet, a poor policy response by the state to this negative outcome of rapid urbanisation that aims to reverse this rural-urban migration has led to unending confrontations between its various arms and squatters who continue to be regarded as encroachers. Focussing on Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and based on interviews, archival research, Council minutes and newspapers, this article critiques the state’s urban development policy vis-à-vis squatters and informality. It is argued that the persist- ence of a salient perception by government officials that all Africans belong to rural areas and have access to land they can fall back on in hard times serves as a vital lubricant to the state’s action of forcibly sending squatters to rural areas. This ignores the historical pattern of rapid urbanisation and the growth of informal economies supporting the livelihoods of thousands of people. I seek to add to the literature on low-cost housing shortages, urban squatters and peri-urbanism in Zim- babwe and on studies of informality in Third World cities in general. Key words: squatters, outcasts, informality, institutional weaknesses, peri-urban Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

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Chaibva, C. N., J. H. Roos y V. J. Ehlers. "Adolescent mothers’ non-utilisation of antenatal care services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe". Curationis 32, n.º 3 (9 de septiembre de 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v32i3.1219.

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Adolescent pregnancies are high risk obstetric occurrences. Antenatal care (ANC) provides opportunities to recognise and treat obstetric complications, enhancing the pregnancy outcomes for mothers and babies. The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing adolescents' non-utilisation of ANC services in Bulawayo. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to contextualise the study. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive research design was adopted, using structured interviews to collect data. Purposive, non-probability sampling was used to conduct structured interviews with 80 adolescent mothers from the postnatal wards who had delivered their babies without attending ANC. Factors influencing these adolescent mothers’ non-utilisation of ANC services included socio-economic issues, individuals' perceptions about ANC, limited knowledge about ANC, policies and structural barriers. However, these adolescents knew that delivering their babies with skilled attendance could enhance the outcomes for the mothers and babies, would help secure documents to facilitate the acquisition of their children's birth certificates, and that obstetric complications required the services of skilled midwives/doctors. Policy-related issues, such as requiring national identity cards from pregnant adolescents (or from their spouses) prohibited some of them from utilising ANC services. There is a need to improve adolescents’ reproductive health outreach (including ANC) programmes and to offer free ANC services in Zimbabwe. Restrictive policies, such as the required identity cards of the pregnant adolescents (or their husbands), impacted negatively on the accessibility of ANC services and should be addressed as a matter of urgency in Bulawayo.

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Sophonie, N. y MN Monique. "Towards a pro-health food-selection model for gatekeepers in Bulawayo high-density suburbs in Zimbabwe". Journal of Social Development in Africa 25, n.º 1 (7 de mayo de 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsda.v25i1.54283.

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Van Deventer, Claire y Anne Wright. "The psychosocial impact of caregiving on the family caregivers of chronically ill AIDS and/or HIV patients in home-based care: A qualitative study in Zimbabwe". Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 18, n.º 1 (5 de diciembre de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.718.

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Background: The family caregiver has a pivotal role to play in the management of the chronically ill HIV and/or AIDS patients. The wellbeing of caregivers is therefore crucial because impairment of their physical or mental health could impact negatively on the management of their HIV-positive family member. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the psychosocial impact of caregiving on the family caregiver of the chronically ill HIV and/or AIDS patients in home-based care.Method: Unstructured interviews were conducted with 11 caregivers recruited at an adult HIV clinic at United Bulawayo Hospitals, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Relevant demographic information was collected from each participant. The interviews were then transcribed and analysed.Results: Caregivers’ biggest challenge was meeting care costs such as food, transport and medical costs. Certain conditions relating to the care-recipient’s health and family issues, such as abandonment of the ill patient as well as that of orphans, added to the burden of care. Carers also had to deal with their own health and physical problems. All the above resulted in a spectrum of emotions such as helplessness, sadness, anxiety and anger. Despite this, caregivers also reported on the positive aspects regarding their caregiving role.Conclusion: There were both negative and positive psychosocial experiences by caregivers of HIV and/or AIDS patients. The study highlighted practical areas where support could be provided.

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