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Tesis sobre el tema "Heat and Cool Island"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 14 de diciembre de 2024

Última modificación: 19 de julio de 2025

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1

Rasul, Azad Othman. "Remote sensing of surface urban cool and heat island dynamics in Erbil, Iraq, between 1992 and 2013." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38508.

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The variation between surface and air temperature within a city and its surrounding area is a result of variations in surface cover, thermal capacity and 3-dimensional geometry. This study examines the spatiotemporal formation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island (SUCI) and night-time Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect in Erbil, Iraq, as a case study for cities in semi-arid climates more generally. It furthermore quantifies the influence of rapid urban expansion on the urban heat/cool island effect over a 20 year period. Satellite images acquired by Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8 between 1992

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2

Olsen, Kerby Andrew. "EVALUATING URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN LOS ANGELES." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1427.

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Human interference with the Earth’s climate, through the release of greenhouse gasses (GHGs), is estimated to have already increased average statewide temperatures in California by 1.7° Fahrenheit (F), with a further 2.7°F of warming expected by mid-century. The negative impacts of increased temperatures may be especially acute in mid-latitude cities that currently enjoy a mild climate, such as Los Angeles (LA), which are projected to warm to a point that will significantly affect human health and well being. The built environment increases urban temperatures through building materials that re

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3

Souza, Ana Cristina Inacio de. "Avaliação comparativa da refletância solar de tintas para telhas com o uso de \"pigmento frio\" e convencional nas cores cinza claro e escuro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3153/tde-26022018-153059/.

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O uso de \"pigmento frio\" é uma alternativa para minimizar os efeitos de \"ilhas de calor\" em grandes cidades como São Paulo. Este tipo de pigmento proporciona o desenvolvimento de fórmulas de tinta para aplicação em coberturas com cores escuras, próximo ao preto, apresentando refletância solar (SR) maior. Neste estudo, foi formulado um grupo de tintas na cor cinza claro e outro na cor cinza escuro. O primeiro grupo de tintas foi preparado com adição de pigmento preto convencional, o negro de fumo que possui natureza orgânica e o segundo grupo de tintas foi preparado com adição de \"pigmento

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4

Iizawa, Isao. "Urban Heat Island Circulation." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123927.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第14712号<br>人博第448号<br>新制||人||110(附属図書館)<br>20||人博||448(吉田南総合図書館)<br>UT51-2009-D424<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科環境相関研究専攻<br>(主査)准教授酒井敏, 教授鎌田浩毅, 教授石川尚人<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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5

Stewart, Iain Douglas. "Redefining the urban heat island." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38069.

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The effect of urban development on local thermal climate is ostensibly well documented in scientific literature. Since the nineteenth century, observations of “urban-rural” air temperature differences (ΔTu-r), or urban heat island magnitudes, have been reported for hundreds of cities worldwide. The historical and geographical scope of the heat island literature is impressive. Over time, however, methodologists have raised concerns about the rigor and authenticity of that literature, especially regarding the definition, measurement, and reporting of heat island magnitudes. Indiscriminate u

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6

Thompson, Nicholas Kim. "Cool-water Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Waitaki Region, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8799.

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In the mid-Cenozoic, New Zealand underwent slow subsidence interspersed with unconformity development, however significant controversy exists around both the extent of submergence below sea level during this period of maximum drowning, as well as the causes of these unconformities. Detailed field observations, combined with extensive petrographic analyses, stable isotopes, cathodoluminescence, and thin section staining were used to develop lithofacies, depositional, and sequence stratigraphic models of the mid-Cenozoic succession in the Waitaki region, South Island, to address these controvers

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7

Zhang, Tianyao. "A study on the heat transfer and energy performance implications of cool roofs." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52977.

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In this study, we examined the effect of cool roofs on commercial and residential buildings in each climate zone, by looking at monitored case studies and DOE-2 simulations from various sources of literature; and using an online tool - the Cool Roof Calculator and a simple COP ratio model to validate the results of the case studies. It was found that the Cool Roof Calculator does not take building form into account, hence a sensitivity analysis was first conducted to rank the importance of various building parameters against one another. The analysis was conducted on the EPC n

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8

Blazer, Mark A. "Architectural strategies in reducing heat gain in the sub-tropical urban heat island." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002781.

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9

Costa, Eduino Rodrigues da. "O CAMPO TERMO-HIGROMÉTRICO INTRA-URBANO E A FORMAÇÃO DE ILHAS DE CALOR E DE FRESCOR URBANAS EM SANTA MARIA/RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9313.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Urbanization and the changes imposed by man disturb the complex natural system, modifying the elements and characteristics of climate on a local scale. Considering the influence of urbanization as derived from the fact that the local climate and responsible for the generation of an urban environment specifically, this work was to analyze the field thermo-hygrometric and the formation of heat islands and urban cool in Santa Maria RS (Rio Grande do Sul, State of Southern of Brazil), relating these variables geourbans and geoecologycs

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10

Kim, Jun-Pill. "LAND-USE PLANNING AND THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253215365.

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11

Memon, Rizwan Ahmed. "Statistical analysis of urban heat island and modeling of heat generation within street canyon." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664445.

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12

Mavrogianni, A. "Modelling domestic space heating demand and heat wave vulnerability within the London urban heat island." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1352829/.

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The combined effect of climate change and the urban heat island phenomenon is likely to reduce the space heating needs and cold-related mortality risk of urban populations in mid latitude countries during winter; however, it is also expected to increase overheating and heat-related deaths during summer. Identifying the determinant factors for energy demand and thermal comfort across a city is hence a key requirement for energy efficient retrofit and public health strategies. The aim of this thesis was to assess the relative impact of urban warming, built form and fabric characteristics on dome

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13

Siu, Leong-wai, and 蕭亮煒. "Quantifying the urban heat island (UHI) intensity in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45692567.

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14

Yang, Joseph H. (Joseph Hansuk). "The curious case of urban heat island : a systems analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107347.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, System Design and Management Program, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-60).<br>This thesis provides insights into the urban heat island (UHI) effect using a model of the urban microclimate that integrates the urban geometry, anthropogenic heat emission and the rural weather condition. The study builds upon the Urban Weather Generator (UWG), a numerical simulation program previously developed at MIT, i

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15

Han, Yilong. "A Bio-inspired Solution to Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effects." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64310.

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Over the last decade, rapidly growing world energy consumption is leading to supply difficulties, exhaustion of fossil energy resources, and global environmental deterioration. More than one-third of energy expenditure is attributable to buildings. Urbanization is intensifying these trends with tighter spatial interrelationships among buildings. This is escalating building energy consumption due to the mutual impact of buildings on each other and, as a result, exacerbating Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. I sought solutions to this significant engineering issue from nature, and discovered a si

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16

Van, Tol Zachary Charles. "Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity Through Air Mass Persistence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103468.

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The bulk of synoptic weather type research related to urban climate focuses on human health impacts; however, recent studies have begun to quantify urban heat island (UHI) magnitudes by weather type, or air mass classification. This study presents an analysis of UHI intensity through synoptic-scale air mass persistence during the spring season for four UHI-prone United States cities. Historical daily weather types for Birmingham, Alabama; Charlotte, North Carolina; Louisville, Kentucky; and St. Louis, Missouri were extracted from the Spatial Synoptic Classification database for 40 years

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17

Cheung, Kei Wang. "An urban heat island study for building and urban design." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-urban-heat-island-study-for-building-and-urban-design(642cce92-6606-443c-9c26-6754e28f2d41).html.

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A lot of research has been conducted in the past decades on urban heat island (UHI) all over the world. Nevertheless, the UHI effect has not been included in weather data used by building services engineers to design buildings and size their heating and cooling plants. This research was carried out to investigate the UHI effect in Greater Manchester by setting up fixed point monitoring stations over the city. Woodford Met Office ground observation station was selected to be the rural reference point. A multiple regression model was developed to incorporate the heat island effect into the Manch

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18

Yang, Lina. "City ventilation of Hong Kong by thermal buoyancy." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841380.

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19

Jing, Cheng Tao. "Analysis of urban heat island effect of Macao by ARPS simulation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1939508.

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20

Mohd, Nasir Siti Diana Nabilah. "The influence of building configuration on the urban heat island effect." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20289/.

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The process of urbanisation has a major influence in determining the microclimate condition in urban areas through physical and social developments. With the estimation of 67 % world population will be living in the urban areas in 2050, modification of urban climate through urban heating will continually occur by adapting artificial urban surfaces to accommodate the demands from urban dwellers. This thesis highlighted the mitigation strategy by applying solar collector system embedded underneath road pavements, RPSC due to the concern of heat release from the ground road surfaces to the nearby

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21

Bassett, Richard. "Quantifying the influence of wind advection on the urban heat island." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8411/.

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Although the urban heat island (UHI) is well studied, the dynamic nature (i.e. with wind) receives little attention. The concept, urban heat advection (UHA), can warm air temperatures in surrounding rural areas. This may lead to a misinterpretation of local climate and bias in long-term climate records. Using observational analysis and numerical modelling this thesis investigates these limitations by spatially quantifying UHA. A methodology to separate UHA from the background air temperature was applied to a high-density urban observation network in the city of Birmingham, UK demonstrating mea

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22

Chen, Bao-Liang. "Capture solar energy and reduce heat-island effect from asphalt pavement." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-121508-154718/.

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23

Jkaoua, Zineb. "Méthodologie participative pour une rénovation urbaine durable : influence du microclimat sur le confort des usagers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0160.

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Le changement climatique devient de plus en plus préoccupant. En effet, parmi ses conséquences, nous subissons des vagues de chaleur estivale plus fréquentes, plus longues et plus intenses. Ces épisodes de chaleur entraînent des répercussions considérables en milieu urbain. Ils rendent les activités quotidiennes dans les espaces de vie extérieurs et intérieurs extrêmement inconfortables, engendrent des conséquences néfastes sur la santé publique parfois létale et augmentent la demande énergétique pour la climatisation des bâtiments. Ces constats soulignent l'importance de la transition vers de

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24

Liu, Bin. "Numerical simulation of urban heat island effect of Macau by ARPS program." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182915.

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25

Shen, Tianfeng. "Evaluation of urban heat island situation in developed cities of Zhejiang province." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30441/.

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The rapid and unsustainable urbanization process causes a serious existing thermal environmental problem that aggravates climatic change and generates a higher temperature in urban area than in rural area. Based on literature review, this is the first research that uses field measurement methodology to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect in Hangzhou and Ningbo cities of Zhejiang Province. This study aims to investigate reciprocal interaction of UHI effect with urban building energy based on the air temperature and relative humidity measurement in research area. There are three main

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26

Li, Yuxi. "Singapore’s Building Greenery: A Strategy to Respond to Urban Heat Island Effect." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608748.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project<br>Climate is an important factor for regional planners whenever they make decisions that concern the future shape and functions of a city. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of green infrastructure as a strategy to alleviate urban heat island effect in coastal cities. Taking Singapore as an example, the tropical climate of this country makes it hot and humid throughout the year. Therefore, the main climate issue of Singapore is the urban heat island effect, which raises temperatures in urban areas as opposed to surroundin

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27

Barron-Gafford, Greg A., Rebecca L. Minor, Nathan A. Allen, Alex D. Cronin, Adria E. Brooks, and Mitchell A. Pavao-Zuckerman. "The Photovoltaic Heat Island Effect: Larger solar power plants increase local temperatures." NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621943.

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While photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy production has surged, concerns remain about whether or not PV power plants induce a "heat island" (PVHI) effect, much like the increase in ambient temperatures relative to wildlands generates an Urban Heat Island effect in cities. Transitions to PV plants alter the way that incoming energy is reflected back to the atmosphere or absorbed, stored, and reradiated because PV plants change the albedo, vegetation, and structure of the terrain. Prior work on the PVHI has been mostly theoretical or based upon simulated models. Furthermore, past empirical work

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28

Chun, Bum Seok. "Three-Dimensional City Determinants of the Urban Heat Island: A Statistical Approach." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324656659.

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29

Awino, Hellen Rose Anyango. "Design-integrated Urban Heat Island analysis tool and workflow : development and application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123577.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019<br>"June 2019." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 106-108).<br>The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a well-studied phenomenon broadly attributed to human activities that transform open terrain into cityscapes. Among global 21st-century concerns, projected trends in population growth, urbanization, and regional climate change could exacerbate the warming in cities and intensify the UHI effect. Yet, microclimate analysis essential to assessing UHI intensity is

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30

BALIELLO, ANDREA. "The role of road pavements in the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2961015.

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The thesis aims at proposing a comprehensive study concerning the role of road pavements with respect to the phenomenon of the urban heat island that are generated within the anthropized areas, i.e. all the dynamics that determine a sensible increase of the urban temperatures with respect to that recorded in the surrounding rural environments. More specifically, the core of the research concerns an extensive experimental activity aimed at evaluating different construction solutions to obtain thermal-optimized road pavements. Such solutions consist of clear or colored road pavements made with n

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31

PREVIATI, ALBERTO. "The subsurface urban heat island in Milan – Anthropogenic heat sources and city-scale modeling of present and future scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/366244.

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Le risorse sotterranee sono essenziali per l’approvvigionamento idrico ed energetico nelle aree urbane. Tuttavia, le attività umane modificano l’assetto naturale del sottosuolo alterandone le condizioni chimico-fisiche, tra cui il regime termico. L'effetto isola di calore nel sottosuolo (SUHI) è stato osservato in diverse città del mondo con temperature da 2 a 8°C più calde rispetto alle aree suburbane, e trend di riscaldamento sono riconducibili al cambiamento climatico e all’urbanizzazione. Infatti, le città ben sviluppate sono anche più colpite a causa della sovrapposizione di fonti di calo

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32

Alexandri, Eleftheria. "Investigations into mitigating the heat island effect through green roofs and green walls." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55418/.

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This thesis investigates the thermal effect of green roofs and green walls on the built environment and investigates whether they could be used in existing cities so as mitigate the heat island effect. In order to estimate this for various climates, a prognostic, micro-scale, two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model has been developed. In the first chapter the aim, objectives and methodology of the research are established. In the second chapter a literature review of the causes and the consequences of the heat island effect is made, as well as a critique on the use of urban parks for miti

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33

Kiletico, Micah J. "Integrating Recycled Glass Cullet in Asphalt Roof Shingles to Mitigate Heat Island Effect." Thesis, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43477.

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CIVINS<br>As an approach to mitigate the harmful effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI), the use of glass cullet in the production of asphalt roof shingles has the potential to be employed as a cool roof strategy. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of recycled glass increases solar reflectance index (SRI) without affecting the performance of asphalt roof shingles. In order to evaluate the feasibility of recycled glass for alternative uses, the engineering properties of glass cullet were investigated and compared to conventional aggregates used in the pr

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34

Sobstyl, Jacob Michael. "Urban physics : molecular approach to city texture analysis for controlling Urban Heat Island." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104324.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-135).<br>Defined as intensification of urban air temperatures when compared to their rural surroundings common to cause negative externalities ranging from imperiling human health and comfort to amplifying energy costs and air pollution, Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been known to pose a severe burden on the 4.2 billion of people living in cities. With urban population expected to magnify by

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35

Sullivan, JoAnn. "Characterization of an Urban Heat Island (UHI) in the Tampa Region of Florida." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1784.

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Numerous research studies have been conducted on the modification of weather and local climate by the urban environment. In studying the urban environment effects, researchers have investigated the urban heat island (UHI), anthropogenic cloud condensation nuclei, anthropogenic heat emissions and other factors. Many of these studies used data sampling networks, while other studies relied solely on computer modeling. This research has taken an approach between the sampling network studies (which were often limited in spatial density) and the pure computer model studies (which lacked the benefits

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36

Yang, Bo. "Spatio-temporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island and Heat Wave Evolution using Time-series Remote Sensing Images: Method and Applications." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1552398782461458.

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37

Bäckström, Erika. "The surface energy balance and climate in an urban park and its surroundings." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88838.

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<p>På grund av världens växande befolkning och urbaniseringen blir problem relaterade till fenomenet urbana värmeöar mer och mer påtagliga. Eftersom urbana parker kan minska påfrestningen skapad av urbana värmeöar kan de vara ett kraftfullt verktyg vid klimatdesign i städer. Temperaturen nära en yta bestäms av energiutbytet mellan ytan och luften ovanför och det är därför nödvändigt att man förstår energibalansen vid markytan för att kunna hantera parkernas mikroklimat. Syftet med det här arbetet var att studera skillnaderna mellan energibalansen för olika ytor i parken och i dess omgivning oc

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38

Zonato, Andrea. "Evaluating the urban heat island for cities of Emilia-Romagna region through numerical simulations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10913/.

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Lo scopo di questo studio è la comprensione della dinamica dello strato limite urbano per città dell’Emilia Romagna tramite simulazioni numeriche. In particolare, l’attenzione è posta sull’ effetto isola di calore, ovvero sulla differenza di temperatura dell’aria in prossimità del suolo fra zone rurali e urbane dovuta all’urbanizzazione. Le simulazioni sono state effettuate con il modello alla mesoscala "Weather Research and Forecasting" (WRF), accoppiato con le parametrizzazioni urbane "Building Effect Parametrization" (BEP) e "Building Energy Model" (BEM), che agiscono a vari livelli

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39

Stewart, Iain Douglas. "The spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban heat island effect in Regina, Saskatchewan." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0017/MQ30560.pdf.

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40

Golden, Jay S. "Engineering for sustainable development : an examination of the urban heat island and its mitigation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445579.

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41

Huidong, Li [Verfasser]. "Urban Heat Island and its Influencing Mechanism In the City of Berlin / Li Huidong." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176639722/34.

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42

LI, YUXI. "Capstone Poster:-Singapore’s Building Greenery: A Strategy to Respond to Urban Heat Island Effect." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609229.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project<br>Climate is an important factor for regional planners whenever they make decisions that concern the future shape and functions of a city. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of green infrastructure as a strategy to alleviate urban heat island effect in coastal cities. Taking Singapore as an example, the tropical climate of this country makes it hot and humid throughout the year. Therefore, the main climate issue of Singapore is the urban heat island effect, which raises temperatures in urban areas as opposed to surroundin

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43

Ridha, Suaad. "Urban heat Island mitigation strategies in an arid climate. In outdoor thermal comfort reacheable." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0006/document.

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De nombreuses études au cours des dernières décennies ont porté sur l'effet l’îlot de chaleur urbain (ICU). Les efforts initiaux visant à comprendre les facteurs qui influent sur l’ICU ont contribué à la mise en place de solutions et de stratégies d'atténuation adaptées. Les stratégies d'atténuation comprennent généralement l'augmentation de l'albédo urbain (réflectivité au rayonnement solaire) et l'évapotranspiration. Les augmentations d'albedo sont obtenues grâce à des technologies de toiture et de pavage ayant un albédo élevé. Une augmentation de l'évapotranspiration est obtenue par une com

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44

Deilami, Kaveh. "Modelling the urban heat island intensities of alternative urban growth management policies in Brisbane." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107656/1/Kaveh_Deilami_Thesis.pdf.

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When urban areas experience higher temperature than their surrounding rural areas, this phenomenon is called the urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI contributes to global warming. Urban planning policy plays a significant role in controlling the UHI. This study examines the UHI effects of urban planning policy scenarios for Brisbane, including: a) business as usual; b) transit oriented development; c) infill development; d) motorway oriented development; and e) sprawl development. The findings show Infill development will be effective but will generate pockets of extreme UHI. Sprawl developmen

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45

Plank, Jack R. "Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Cool-Down Phase Optimization Through Quasi-Steady Computational Analysis, and the Effect of Auxiliary Heat Removal Systems." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618934609976051.

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46

Dhami, Ishwar. "Urban tree phenology a comparative study between New York City and Ithaca, New York /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5841.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 49 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-45).

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47

Suen, Kwun-chiu, and 孫冠超. "A study of urban heat island effect using ground-level stationary observation stations in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194573.

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The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon in which the urban temperature is higher than that of the non-urban areas. Previous studies from other countries showed that an UHI phenomenon exists in urbanized cities. In Hong Kong, instead of only few study using fixed stationary stations on UHI analysis, past effort have been concentrated on using traverse and remote sensing method to study the UHI. This dissertation therefore describes the annual, seasonal and diurnal UHI variability in Hong Kong based on hourly data of temperatures, wind speed and relative humidity from five selected fixed sta

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48

Russ, Jennifer Lynn. "a garden in the sky." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9924.

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We live in an increasingly urbanized world as people migrate to cities for employment and cultural benefits. Growing and dense urban populations contribute heavily to water pollution and energy waste contributing to global biodiversity extinction. At the same time, contemporary urban areas deliver diminishing returns to residents as cities become cramped, unhealthy, and unattractive. The rooftops of urban buildings offer exciting opportunities for remedying these trends. New rooftop designs highlight the need for more plant life and green space in urban areas, improve energy efficiency, and of

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49

BELL, JULIANNE. "Characteristics of the Urban Heat Island in Greater Cincinnati, Ohio: June 25, 2002 to June 24, 2003." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085763113.

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50

Higginbotham, Gerald Ernest. "Influence of protein level and degradability on performance of lactating cows during hot and cool environmental temperatures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184265.

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One hundred and twenty lactating Holstein cows in mid-lactation were offered diets varying in protein level and degradability at two locations during hot and moderate weather. Treatments were: (1) High protein (19%), high degradability (65%); (2) High protein (19%), medium degradability (40%); (3) Medium protein (15.5%), high degradability (65%); (4) Medium protein (15.5%), medium degradability (40%). Diets were individually fed during hot weather at the University of Arizona Dairy Farm and contained 38.4% alfalfa hay, 12.4% cottonseed hulls, 9.8% whole cottonseed, and 39.4% concentrate (dry m

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