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1
Hsing, Yu. "A Study of the J-Curve for Seven Selected Latin American Countries". Global Economy Journal 8, n.º 4 (octubre de 2008): 1850150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1438.
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This study finds that there is evidence of a J-curve for Chile, Ecuador, and Uruguay and lack of support for a J-curve for Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Increased real income in the home country would improve the trade balance for Brazil and Ecuador and deteriorate the trade balance for Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay. Increased real income in the U.S. would improve the trade balance for Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay and deteriorate the trade balance for Brazil and Ecuador. Hence, the conventional wisdom to pursue real depreciation to improve the trade balance may not apply to some of these countries.
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Martín, Juan Carlos y Natalia Soledad Bustamante-Sánchez. "A cultural analysis of the secondary housing tourism in Vilcabamba, Ecuador". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, n.º 4 (5 de agosto de 2019): 604–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-05-2018-0028.
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PurposeThis study aims to determine the level of satisfaction of secondary housing tourists in Vilcabamba.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of satisfaction of this tourism segment in a destination is essential for the different economic agents when evaluating various policies. The analysis is based on the answers provided to 16 items in a questionnaire administered to a representative sample (281 respondents). The authors have used the fuzzy logic to reduce ambiguity in the answers associated to subjective views of human beings who express themselves linguistically. A method based on the degree of similarity to ideal solutions has been used to obtain a classification of relevant satisfaction items.FindingsThe results indicate that the ideal solutions segments are represented by multicultural characteristics of second home tourists and the number of years they have been visiting Vilcabamba. The authors find that foreign tourists are more satisfied than Ecuadorians. Analyzing the most critical factors, it is seen that accessibility to the destination, socio-cultural environment and quality of water achieve a high priority.Research limitations/implicationsSecond home tourists’ satisfaction has been studied with a limited set of 16 attributes, and some attributes also have a multidimensional nature, so a further study analyzing the scale will be needed in the future.Originality/valueThe present study fills an existing gap in the literature of secondary housing tourism where the existing previous research has been mainly focused on retirees’ secondary housing tourism. The study provides interesting insights into local and national authorities, as well as other economic agents, to designing strategies and planning processes of the destinations for secondary housing tourists.
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Edmonds, Eric V. y Norbert Schady. "Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2012): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.4.100.
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Poor women with children in Ecuador were selected at random for a cash transfer that is less than 20 percent of median child labor earnings. Poor families with children in school at the time of the award use the transfer to postpone the child's entry into the labor force. Students in families induced to take up the transfer by the experiment reduce paid employment by 78 percent and unpaid economic activity inside their home by 32 percent. Time in unpaid household services increases, but overall time spent working declines. (JEL I32, I38, J13, J22, J82, O12)
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Hey, Jeanne A. K. "Ecuadoran Foreign Policy Since 1979: Ideological Cycles or a Trend towards Neoliberalism?" Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 37, n.º 4 (1995): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166247.
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The end of the Cold War raises many questions about the role of Third World states in the emerging “New World Order.” During the “old” world order, however, Latin America played a crucial role in the US sphere of influence. This alone merits study of its recent foreign policy behavior, not only because the region is home to many of the newly industrializing states, but also because it will undoubtedly be an important player in regional and global politics into the 21st century (Brysk, 1992; Lowenthal, 1993). How will Latin Americans respond to a Hemisphere dominated by the United States? Will they resist or endorse the trend towards open markets and economies? This article investigates this question with regard to Ecuador, exploring whether Ecuador's foreign policymakers are in the process of shifting towards embrace of a US-dominated Hemisphere governed by free-market economic ideals or, rather, are developing policies in accordance with their own ideological predilections.
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Inga Bravo, Andrés Esteban, Mónica Alexandra Astudillo Sarmiento, Adrián Mauricio Pacheco Naranjo y Manuel Ismael Morocho Malla. "Frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en niñas y adolescentes de la casa de acogida “Miguel León” en el cantón Cuenca, Ecuador". Revista Médica del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga 12, n.º 3 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14410/2020.12.3.ao.27.
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BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are two pathologies of great personal, social and economic im-pact; in many cases both have an early onset. Domestic violence can separate children and adolescents from their families; being sent, most of the times, to foster homes. Children and adolescents in foster homes tend to develop anxiety, depression and stress triggering lifelong emotional and mental difficulties. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in girls and female adolescents from “Miguel León” Shelter, Cuenca, during 2016, creating statistical data that will allow set-ting protection projects and future studies. METHODS: Descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study. The study population was stablished with 35 girls and adolescents, aged 5 to 18 years, from a foster home. For data collection, the SPENCE Child Anxiety Scale and the CDI Inventory were applied. Data was processed with Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 15.0. Data is presented in charts and graphics using frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The frequency of anxiety was 22.86% and the frequent of depression was 17.14%. The most pre-valent age range for both pathologies was 10 to 14 years old with 62.5% and 50% respectively. In both groups, diagnosed with anxiety and diagnosed with depression, the length of stay in the foster home was 0 to 6 months for the majority of the population ( 50 and 66.67% respectively). CONCLUSIÓN: The frequency of depression in girls aged 5 to 18 years, was 17.14%. The frequency of anxie-ty in girls aged from 5 to 18 years in the foster home was 22.86%, values lower than those found in other studies. The age range in which both diseases were most prevalent was, 10-14 years old. Both disorders were more prevalent the shorter the time spent in the foster home. KEYWORDS: Adolescent Health, Depression, Separation Anxiety, Child Protective Services, Anxiety, Foster Home Care.
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Baena, Verónica. "European franchise expansion into Latin America". Management Research Review 38, n.º 2 (16 de febrero de 2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-08-2013-0185.
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Purpose This study aims to enhance the knowledge that managers and scholars have on franchising expansion. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that although the body of literature on international management focusing on emerging markets is growing, the attention paid to the Latin American context continues to be limited. This is surprising given the substantive economic importance of the region with a population over 590 million, and a gross domestic product of approximately US$5 trillion. To cover this gap, the present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising into Latin America: geographical distance, cultural distance, political stability and economic development. The authors also controlled for the host country’s market potential, transparency, unemployment rate and efficiency of contract enforcement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach applied to a sample of 77 Spanish franchisors operating through 4,064 franchisee outlets across 21 Latin American countries in late 2012. They are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. Findings Results conclude that geographical distance between the host and home countries, as well as the level of host country’s political stability, economic development, market potential and transparency are able to drive the spread of international franchising across Latin American nations. Research limitations/implications This study provides readers with a general overview of the current state of global franchising diffusion overseas. Results obtained in this study are useful for understanding and predicting the demand for franchising in Latin American countries. Practical implications Economics reports argue that by 2050, the largest economies in the world will be China, the USA, India, Brazil and Mexico. This fact highlights the substantive importance of Latin America for foreign investors willing to expand their business abroad. In an attempt to give insights from the Latin American context, the present paper develops and tests a model that can be useful to franchisors willing to establish new outlets in the region. In addition, our findings offer guidance to firm managers seeking to target their franchises in Latin America. Franchisors may then use the results of this study as a starting point for identifying such regions whose characteristics best meet their needs of expansion. Originality/value This paper explores how market conditions may drive international diffusion of franchising into Latin American markets. The scant theoretical or empirical attention given to this topic has usually been examined from the USA and British base and focused on developed markets. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes the international spread of the Spanish franchise system into Latin America as a market for franchising expansion.
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Stevens, B., L. Pezzullo, L. Verdian, J. Tomlinson y S. Zegenhagen. "PM022 The Economic Burden of Heart Diseases in Ecuador". Global Heart 11, n.º 2 (junio de 2016): e74-e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.258.
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Lind, Amy. "Making Feminist Sense of Neoliberalism: The Institutionalization of Women’s Struggles for Survival in Ecuador and Bolivia". Journal of Developing Societies 18, n.º 2-3 (junio de 2002): 228–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x0201800210.
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Since the early 1980s, community-based women’s organizations have emerged throughout Ecuador and Bolivia in response to persistent poverty, economic crisis, neoliberal-development policies and related political and cultural crises. In Ecuador, women and men currently face an unprecedented financial crisis, the “dollarization,” and the new 1998 Constitution. In Bolivia, various sectors of women have addressed the harsh economic measures implemented since 1985, growing tensions surrounding migration, rising home-lessness and poverty rates, and the “War on Drugs.” In both countries, women have been among the first to make connections among everyday life and development policies. In this article I examine the contradictions organized women face as they struggle for economic and political empowerment in the context of neoliberal development. I argue that development policies that rely upon women’s unpaid labor sometimes contribute to institutionalizing women’s struggles for survival rather than merely empowering them, as they hope to do, through their community participation.
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García, Juan Lata, Francisco Jurado y Víctor Larco. "Review and resource assessment, solar energy in different region in Ecuador". E3S Web of Conferences 80 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198001003.
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Environmental pollution caused by the generation of electricity through fossil fuels leads several countries to adopt strategies for the exploitation of renewable energy sources. In this work, the current energy situation of Ecuador and the incorporation of photovoltaic generators in the national system is reviewed. The document is completed with the evaluation of the energy potential for an average load in the four regions of Ecuador. The selection of the locations of the system under study is chosen through the solar atlas and the meteorological data for a year. The technical dimensioning and economic analysis is achieved through the Homer software. The results show that the insular region reaches the lowest value of levelized cost of energy (COE) $0.529, an autonomy of 22.7 hours and unmet electric load 0.06% per year.
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Arrieta, Marco Vivar y Juan Pablo Haro Altamirano. "Estudio De La Demanda Para La Implementación De Una Empresa De Acopio Y Comercialización De Productos Frescos A Domicilio, Riobamba-Ecuador". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, n.º 16 (30 de junio de 2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n16p246.
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This paper focuses on studying the demand for the implementation of a company that deals with the processing and marketing of fresh products “home delivery” in Riobamba. Through a general diagnosis, it was determined that the demand considers that the acquisition of products is a waste of time. It could be devoted to other priorities or productive activities, such that they can be an alternative. The universe comprising of 24086 families was considered, being the economic level of medium to high and delimiting technical recommendations for the attention of 4% of the population. The potential clients, therefore, are 963 families. The sample was determined for 275 surveys and served to demonstrate the behavior of consumers. Based on secondary information and quantitative research, surveys were designed, applied, and systematized. As a result, 88% of people cook at home while 44% of mother takes charge of buying the products. The frequency of product acquisition is 44% weekly and 25% biweekly. 35% buy its products in the establishments of its preference due to good service, 30% acquires its products by variety, 91% express that they would pay for this service an additional 10% of the total cost of the basket. The purpose of this study was to verify the characteristics of the consumer and expose the alternative of acquiring quality fresh products and fair prices for Riobamba families. It also aims to offer at the same time the added worth of home delivery.
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Quizhpe P, Arturo, Martyna Gassowski, Lorena Encalada T y Francoise Barten. "Differences in antibiotic use and knowledge between adolescent and adult mothers in Ecuador". F1000Research 2 (8 de julio de 2013): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-108.v2.
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Objectives: To investigate the differences in antibiotic use and knowledge between adolescent and adult mothers of children under the age of 5 years in Ecuador.Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in four health centers and hospitals. Mothers of children under five years, seeking medical attention their child's upper respiratory tract infection (URI), were included. The data was collected through interviews, using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the topics knowledge of antibiotic treatment, risk and resistance. Results: 777 mothers were included in the study, of which 15.8% were adolescent and 84.1% adult mothers. There were significant differences in the social and economic characteristics of the mothers (p ≤ 0.05), with adolescent mothers being more likely to have an incomplete high school education and lack of basic services in their home. Significant differences between these groups were found in adherence to treatment, knowledge about risks associated with antibiotic use, and having heard of antibiotic resistance. Among the adult mothers, 83.5% reported correct adherence, 28.5% were knowledgeable about risks associated with antibiotic use, and 29.3% had heard of antibiotic resistance. Among the adolescent mothers, these numbers were 75.4%, 15.0%, and 19.8%, respectively.Conclusions: To develop successful interventions, it is crucial to understand the factors causing differences in antibiotic use and knowledge between mothers.
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Esquivel García, Reniel, Borisse Javier Bello Sabando y Miguel Giancarlo Ormaza Cevallos. "El comercio informal y su influencia en los emprendedores de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí". ECA Sinergia 10, n.º 3 (17 de septiembre de 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/eca_sinergia.v10i3.1487.
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El comercio informal es una de las vías que permite generar empleo a familias de escasos recursos económicos, es un factor dinamizador de la pequeña económica doméstica y contribuye a la satisfacción de necesidades de los clientes y la población en general, así como a la elevación de la calidad de vida en las personas de menos ingresos. Esta modalidad de microempresa existe en Ecuador en toda su extensión y por su puesto en el cantón de Portoviejo de la provincia de Manabí. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la incidencia del comercio informal en los hogares de los emprendedores que prestan servicios diversos en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. En el estudio realizado se utilizaron varias técnicas como son: encuestas, la observación y entrevistas. Los resultados permitieron conocer que el nivel de impacto que causan los pequeños negocios en los hogares es positivo y que a través de este medio de trabajo activan la economía de su familia y contribuyen en una pequeña proporción a generar empleo a terceras personas. También se demostró que aún es insuficiente el nivel de ingresos que reciben para mantener la educación de sus hijos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: comercio informal, empleo, emprendedores, comercio minorista, economía.
ABSTRACT
Informal trade allows employment to families with limited economic resources and therefore its promotion boosts the economy and raises the quality of life for people with less income. This type of company characterizes Ecuador and within it the Canton of Portoviejo in the province of Manabí. The objective of this paper is to determine the incidence of informal commerce in the homes of entrepreneurs who provide diverse services at the Technical University of Manabí. The survey used surveys, observation and interviews to establish that the level of impact caused by small businesses in households is positive and that through this means of work they activate the economy and contribute in a small proportion to generate employment for third parties, although the level of income is still insufficient to maintain the education of their children.
KEY WORDS: informal trade, employment, entrepreneurs, retail trade, economics
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Clairand, Jean-Michel, Carlos Álvarez-Bel, Javier Rodríguez-García y Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy on the Long-Term Planning of an Isolated Microgrid". Energies 13, n.º 13 (3 de julio de 2020): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133455.
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Isolated microgrids, such as islands, rely on fossil fuels for electricity generation and include vehicle fleets, which poses significant environmental challenges. To address this, distributed energy resources based on renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) have been deployed in several places. However, they present operational and planning concerns. Hence, the aim of this paper is to propose a two-level microgrid problem. The first problem considers an EV charging strategy that minimizes charging costs and maximizes the renewable energy use. The second level evaluates the impact of this charging strategy on the power generation planning of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador. This planning model is simulated in HOMER Energy. The results demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of investing in additional photovoltaic (PV) generation and in the EV charging strategy. Investing in PV and smart charging for EVs could reduce the N P C by 13.58%, but a reduction in the N P C of the EV charging strategy would result in up to 3.12%.
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González-Castro, José Luis, Silvia Ubillos Landa, Alicia Puente Martínez y Maria Vera Perea. "The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Sociocultural Adjustment on Migrants’ Self-reported Mental Well-Being in Spain: A 14 Month Follow-Up Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 4 (13 de febrero de 2020): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041206.
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The analysis of mental and psychological health is a relevant public issue in modern societies. Migration is a process that may have a lasting impact on a person’s mental well-being. In this study, perceived health, emotional intelligence, sociocultural adjustment and the participants’ perceived general situation, not only economical, were analyzed to attest their impact on psychological distress as a measure of mental well-being. Sixty-three migrants from Romania and Ecuador were contacted twice during a 14 month period in a middle-sized Spanish city. Attrition analyses show no significant differences in perceived psychological distress between those who participated only one time or who participated in both waves. Less psychological distress is related to less attention to one’s feelings and higher mood repair in both data waves. Stronger behavioral adjustment is also linked to less distress. Less distress in time 1 led to better perceived health, sociocultural adjustment and a perception of a better general situation in Spain in comparison to their home country in time 2. In general, more attention to negative feelings triggered more perceived psychological distress, whereas mood repair elicited less psychological distress, in time 2. The relevance of understanding the impact of emotional intelligence to health promotion programs with migrants is discussed.
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Jamieson, Ross W. "Bolts of Cloth and Sherds of Pottery: Impressions of Caste in the Material Culture of the Seventeenth Century Audiencia of Quito". Americas 60, n.º 3 (enero de 2004): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2004.0016.
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People use domestic material culture to create an image of themselves that they project to others who live in, or visit, their homes. This was as true in the Spanish colonial city as it is in any city today. If, therefore, we wish to investigate status and ethnicity in the Spanish colonies, domestic material culture is an excellent source of information on how people imagined their own place, and that of others, in society. The first step toward this is the reconstruction of the material culture of urban colonial houses. There are two main bodies of evidence available to accomplish this. The first is descriptions of household goods in the notarial archives of the colonies, and the second is the physical remains of household refuse found in archaeological contexts in cities. Each body of evidence can make unique contributions to our understanding of social relations in the colonial city, but each also has unique limitations. I use the interplay between colonial notarial documents and archaeological remains to help define the role of material culture in the study of caste relations in Cuenca, Ecuador. The Spanish colonial régimen de castas was a system that categorized people by caste, using a complex mixture of legal status, ethnicity, racial (or physical) categorization, and economic roles.
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Erazo-garzón, Lenín Xavier. "LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA URBE HACIA LAS CIUDADES INTELIGENTES". UDA AKADEM, n.º 1 (13 de junio de 2018): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/udaakadem.vi1.131.
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En el siglo XXI, debido a la creciente concentración de la población en los núcleos urbanos, las ciudades se enfrentan a grandes retos de sostenibilidad de la sociedad a largo plazo, a fin de convertirse en verdaderos polos de desarrollo económico, social y cultural. Como respuesta a esta problemática, las iniciativas estratégicas de ciudad inteligente (Smart City) se han expandido por todo el mundo y el Ecuador no ha sido la excepción. Tanto el gobierno central como los gobiernos seccionales están emprendiendo importantes proyectos en el marco de la ciudad inteligente; sin embargo, dentro de la sociedad ecuatoriana, este concepto aún resulta poco conocido y familiar.Frente a esta circunstancia, este trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito clarificar la visión del concepto de ciudad inteligente, mediante una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica y comercial, que responde a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué es una ciudad inteligente? ¿Es un concepto que ha surgido recientemente? y de no ser así ¿Cómo ha evolucionado este concepto? ¿Qué áreas o sistemas del entorno urbano abarca el concepto de ciudad inteligente? ¿Qué servicios puede prestar? entre las más importantes.
Palabras clave: ciudad inteligente, ciudad ubicua, entorno urbano, inteligencia urbana, internet de las cosas, sensores, domótica
AbstractDue to the increasing concentration of population in urban areas in the XXI century, cities are facing major sustainable challenges of society in the long term so as to become real centers of economic, social and cultural development. In response to this problem, strategic initiatives of a Smart City have expanded worldwide, and Ecuador is not an exception. Both the central government and regional governments are undertaking major projects in the framework of the smart city; however, this concept is still little known and unfamiliar within the Ecuadorian society. Given this circumstance, this research paper aims to clarify the perspective of the smart city concept through a bibliographic review of the scientific and commercial literature, which answers the following questions among the most important ones: What is a smart city? Is it a concept that has emerged recently? And if not, how this concept has evolved? What areas or systems of the urban environment encompass the concept of smart city? What services can it provide?Keywords: Smart City, Ubiquitous City, Urban Environment, Urban Intelligence, Internet of Things, Sensors, Home Automation
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Hidalgo-Leon, Ruben, Fernando Amoroso, Jaqueline Litardo, Javier Urquizo, Miguel Torres, Pritpal Singh y Guillermo Soriano. "Impact of the Reduction of Diesel Fuel Subsidy in the Design of an Off-Grid Hybrid Power System: A Case Study of the Bellavista Community in Ecuador". Energies 14, n.º 6 (20 de marzo de 2021): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061730.
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This paper presents a technical, economic, and environmental analysis and optimization of the impact of the reduction of diesel fuel subsidy in the design of an off-grid hybrid power system (OHPS). The OHPS includes a diesel generator, battery energy storage system (BESS), and a solar power system (SPS). This impact will focus on the electricity production levels of each of the OHPS components according to the increase of the fuel price and the SPS size. The Bellavista community in Ecuador was selected as the case study for this work. In this South American country, the government has begun a gradual increase in the diesel fuel price until it reaches international prices. Fifteen scenarios of OHPSs were simulated, in Homer Pro software, considering three SPS sizes and varying the diesel fuel price in five values. The annual load profile for the simulations was built based on the information of a previous study in this community. The results showed that for lower fuel prices (USD$0.26/L and USD$0.35/L), the OHPSs worked mostly with their diesel generators with reduced use of their BESSs. However, there was a higher penetration of the power delivered from the SPSs and BESSs, with higher fuel prices (USD$0.44/L, USD$0.53/L, and USD$0.62/L). These OHPSs considerably reduced their CO2 emissions compared with the standalone diesel generator scenario.
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Rivadeneira, W. Merino. "Agreement Against Cancer: A Citizen Proposal to Fight Cancer and Influence in Public Policies". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 de octubre de 2018): 164s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.40900.
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Background and context: The Constitution of Ecuador provides the right to free and specialized attention. The state has fallen short due various reasons: limited political support, weak infrastructure and limited resources, inadequate cancer information system, lack of integration and coordination of efforts to control the disease, scarce research, lack of monitoring and evaluation of interventions and social inequity. Agreement Against Cancer was born aiming to improve disease control and priority attention with a comprehensive approach: health promotion and prevention, early detection, adequate treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care: it adheres 18 organizations who have worked in the promotion and defense of the rights of cancer patients. Aim: Raise the national debate around cancer and influence in public policies to combat this catastrophic disease. Strategy/Tactics: 1) Social mobilization to awaken interest in the disease: 2) Proposal of a bill to fight cancer and include the issue in the public agenda Program/Policy process: Acc decided to act on 3 axis: Social: strategy to fight cancer was established: 1. Creation of National Cancer Control Council 2. Investigation 3. Prevention 4. Integral attention: timely diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, palliative care, access to blood products, emotional health 5. Education 6. Labor security 7. Mobility: transparent, prehospital care, hostels and home 8. Family surroundings 9. Infrastructure 10. Economic fund Communication: This proposal was taken to the 8 presidential candidates in 2017. Emphasis was placed on digital communication. A public relations campaign mobilized the media, stakeholders and opinion makers. The problem was risen at a national level and citizens demanded a response from the authorities, private company and other actors in society. However, this social demand needed a channel to introduce it to the government´s agenda. Political: it was decided the construction of a bill, that required the submission of citizen signatures to reach the National Assembly. A campaign was launched to collect a minimum of 35,000. Outcomes: • Approximately 150,000 citizens signed; more than 5000 volunteers mobilized. • Concert for Life, participation of more than 10,000 people. • Support of 8 presidential candidates. • Bill proposed to the National Assembly. Validation of 111,157 signatures. The bill meets all the requirements necessary by the law and is awaiting its analysis. What was learned: 1. Cancer management from the legal, political and social point of view. 2. Reality of cancer patients. 3. Collaborative network. 4. Public–private articulation to promote citizen initiatives. 5. Social mobilization supported by new technologies. 6. Use of volunteers and training. 7. Citizen participation mechanisms and their empowerment. 8. Structuring process of a bill.
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Stone, Lindsay. "Food for Thought: How Food and Economics Intersect in Rural Ecuador". Elements 13, n.º 2 (10 de junio de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/eurj.v13i2.9955.
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Dietary trends can have large implications on public health. there is a strong physiological connection between food consumption and one’s well-being. Thus nutrition is an important factor in a nation’s overall health. many factors contribute to how and why an individual eats certain foods. In ecuador, historical, socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral, and environmental factors influence the different diets, and thereby, the nutritional conditions, of different ethnic, and regional geographic populations. discrepancies among these groups are particularly noticeable in sierra, Ecuador’s the highland region. This paper examines the prevalence of malnutrition across Ecuador. Specifically, it considers how the Ecuadorian diet took shape, and how different sub-cuisines contribute to malnutrition. While all regions are considered, a focus is placed primarily on the Sierra, given that levels of malnutrition are noticeably higher in this region, and that this highland area is home to large rural and indigenous communities who are most significantly impacted by the area’s nutritional conditions.