Artículos de revistas: "Hot Stamping"

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Wróbel, Ireneusz. "FEM simulation of hot forming stamping processes". Mechanik 90, n.º 7 (10 de julio de 2017): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.7.87.

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Presented is the methodology for the analysis of manufacturability stampings manufactured using hot stamping steel 22MnB5 using finite element simulation. The simulation was performed for the B-pillar – a typical part of the car body. Defined simulation parameters having a significant impact on the results. Simulation results were showed and commented. Conclusions and recommendations were formulated.

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2

Liu, Bo, Peng Liu y Zhen Tao Zhu. "Development of Hot Stamping Front Pillar Reinforcement". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.207.

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The development process of hot stamping front pillar reinforcement is introduced from hot stamping material selection, hot stamping parts simulation analysis and hot stamping die processing and debugging process of the problems.This paper discussed the development and application of existing process problems in hot stamping parts. There are some suggestions for application of hot stamping parts in the end.

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3

Naderi, Malek, Mostafa Ketabchi, Mahmoud Abbasi y Wolfgang Bleak. "Semi-hot Stamping as an Improved Process of Hot Stamping". Journal of Materials Science & Technology 27, n.º 4 (abril de 2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-0302(11)60076-5.

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4

Ma, Ming Tu, Yi Sheng Zhang, Lei Feng Song y Yi Lin Wang. "Research and Progress of Hot Stamping in China". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.151.

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This paper introduced the significance of hot stamping on developing lightweight technology and safety property enhancement in China Automotive industry, as well as the research status and progress and market prospect of hot stamping process, Materials and equipments. Key technology and focus of hot stamping are analyzed, direction of hot stamping further development were proposed. Hot stamping process, technology and equipments with completely independent intellectual property rights were developed surrounding energy saving, process stability, quality consistency, flexible distribution of components’ strength , high cost-effective production and so on, which is of important for development of hot stamping in China.

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5

Ma, Ning, Ke Su Liu, Quan Kun Liu y Yu Jie Ma. "Application Research of Hot Stamping Base on the Forming History". Advanced Materials Research 1095 (marzo de 2015): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.698.

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The hot stamping process and process parameters are investigated for a model of a B-pillar outer plate by numerical simulation. The feasibility of hot stamping forming process and its parameters are analyzed. The effectiveness of numerical simulation and the accuracy of hot stamping forming process and its parameters for B-pillar outer plate are proved by the hot stamping experiment and tensile tests. Three models are designed to analyze the effect of B-pillar in the vehicle side impact. It shows that hot stamping technology has the advantages in the field of lightweight and improving impact resistance. Through the research of the historical process of hot forming part, the residual strain characteristics of hot stamping parts is analyzed, the produce and mechanism of residual strain is explained, and the application method based on the forming history of hot stamping technology is provided.

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6

Ye, Yong Sheng, Zhong De Shan, Bao Yu Wang, Chao Jiang y Bai Liang Zhuang. "A Material Selection Criterion for Hot-Stamping Dies". Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (enero de 2014): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.25.

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Hot-stamping technology applies hot-stamping dies to the forming and quenching of austenitized high-strength steel plates to produce super-high-strength parts. To carry out these forming and quenching functions, the hot-stamping dies must be able to withstand shock and high-temperature friction under harsh working conditions, and hence high-quality die materials are necessary. However, since the material performance requirements of hot-stamping dies have not been standardized, and special die materials have not been developed, the choice of materials is based on improving the safety coefficient, which leads to material waste and increased costs. In this article, the performance of the hot-stamping process is analyzed to obtain the main resistance indices and a material selection formula for hot-stamping dies, enabling the selection of hot-stamping die materials to be quantified, and thereby establishing a scientific basis for the selection process.

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7

Liu, Shuang, Mujun Long, Songyuan Ai, Yan Zhao, Dengfu Chen, Yi Feng, Huamei Duan y Mingtu Ma. "Evolution of Phase Transition and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength Hot-Stamped Steel During Quenching Process". Metals 10, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010138.

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Hot stamping process is widely used in the manufacture of the high strength automotive steel, mainly including the stamping and quenching process of the hot-formed steel. In the hot stamping process, the steel is heated above the critical austenitizing temperature, and then it is rapidly stamped in the mold and the quenching phase transition occurs at the same time. The quenching operation in the hot stamping process has a significant influence on the phase transition and mechanical properties of the hot-stamping steel. A proper quenching technique is quite important to control the microstructure and properties of an ultra-high strength hot-stamping steel. In this paper, considering the factors of the austenitizing temperature, the austenitizing time and the cooling rate, a coupled model on the thermal homogenization and phase transition from austenite to martensite in quenching process was established for production of ultra-high strength hot-stamping steel. The temperature variation, the austenite decomposition and martensite formation during quenching process was simulated. At the same time, the microstructure and the properties of the ultra-high strength hot-stamping steel after quenching at different austenitizing temperature were experimental studied. The results show that under the conditions of low cooling rate, the final quenching microstructure of the ultra-high strength hot-stamping steel includes martensite, residual austenite, bainite and ferrite. With the increase of the cooling rate, bainite and ferrite gradually disappear. While austenitizing at 930 °C, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and strength-ductility product of the hot-stamping steel are 1770.1 MPa, 1128.2 MPa, 6.72% and 11.9 GPa%, respectively.

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8

Rolfe, Bernard, Amir Abdollahpoor, Xiang Jun Chen, Michael Pereira y Na Min Xiao. "Robustness of the Tailored Hot Stamping Process". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.177.

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The final mechanical properties of hot stamped components are affected by many process and material parameters due to the multidisciplinary nature of this thermal-mechanical-metallurgical process. The phase transformation, which depends on the temperature field and history, determines the final microstructure and consequently the final mechanical properties. Tailored hot stamping parts – where the cooling rates are locally chosen to achieve structures with graded properties – has been increasingly adopted in the automotive industry. Robustness of the final part properties is more critical than in the conventional hot stamping. In this paper, the robustness of a tailored hot stamping set-up is investigated. The results show that tailored hot stamping is very sensitive to tooling temperature, followed by latent heat radiation emissivity, and convection film coefficient. Traditional hot stamping has higher robustness compared to tailored hot stamping, with respect to the stamped component’s final material properties (i.e. phase fraction, hardness).

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9

Tong, Chenpeng, Qi Rong, Victoria A. Yardley, Xuetao Li, Jiaming Luo, Guosen Zhu y Zhusheng Shi. "New Developments and Future Trends in Low-Temperature Hot Stamping Technologies: A Review". Metals 10, n.º 12 (8 de diciembre de 2020): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121652.

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Improvement of the hot stamping process is important for reducing processing costs and improving the productivity and tensile properties of final components. One major approach to this has been to conduct all or part of the process at lower temperatures. The present paper reviews the state of the art of hot stamping techniques and their applications, considering the following aspects: (1) conventional hot stamping and its advanced developments; (2) warm stamping approaches in which complete austenitisation is not attained during heating; (3) hot stamping with a lower forming temperature, i.e., low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS); (4) advanced medium-Mn steels with lower austenitisation temperatures and their applicability in LTHS. Prospects for the further development of LTHS technology and the work required to achieve this are discussed.

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10

Guo, Yi Hui, Ming Tu Ma, Yi Sheng Zhang, Dian Wu Zhou y Lei Feng Song. "Numerical Simulation of Hot Stamping of Front Bumper". Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (abril de 2014): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.715.

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LS-DYNA software was adopted to conduct research of numerical simulation on hot stamping of front bumper to calculate the temperature field distribution, stress field distribution, FLD figure and etc. of parts in the course of hot stamping so as to predict and analyze the formability of parts. ProCAST software was employed to conduct research of numerical simulation on solid quenching course concerning hot stamping to calculate temperature field distribution of tools and component of multiple stamping cycles; Based on the simulation,the hot stamping mould was developed,and the front bumper components of hot forming were stamped, Compared the test results with the simulation, both the results coincide basically with same variation trend .Results obtain from numerical simulation can provide significant reference value to hot stamping part design, formability predication and tools cooling channel system design.

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11

Yan, Li Jing. "Numerical Analysis of Hot Stamping Mold Cooling System Based on FLUENT". Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (enero de 2015): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.259.

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Cooling is very important in the process of hot stamping process of a link, directly affect the mechanical properties and service life of the forming parts. Mold cooling system is effective and reasonable, therefore, is the important indicators of the hot stamping process performance. This paper deeply analyzes the hot stamping process and heat transfer theory, summarizes the main factors affecting mold cooling system performance. At the same time, the fluid analysis software FLUENT is adopted to U artifacts a numerical simulation of the hot stamping process analysis of mold during the cooling process, the work piece temperature field change, for the hot stamping mold cooling system design to provide theoretical reference.

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12

Yang, Xu Jian, Wei Wei Wang, Hong Yun Zhao y Xiao Qi Ren. "Localization on Technologies and Equipments of Hot-Stamping". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.345.

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This paper introduces the process and main equipments of hot stamping. The equipments composition of hot stamping production line, the equipments’ performance features and key technical indices are described in detail. The parts’ microstructure and mechanical properties after hot stamping are presented. It has been proved by practical production that the key technical indices of the domestic hot stamping production line, which has completely independent intellectual property, has reached the level of advanced products in the developed countries while has obvious cost advantage.

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13

Yao, Yu, Jun Ping Meng, Li Ye Ma, Guo Qi Zhao y Li Ran Wang. "Study on Hot Stamping and Usibor 1500P". Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (mayo de 2013): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.419.

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Nowadays, automobile industry is under the pressure of market requirements of lightweight and energy-efficient. In order to follow the trend, automobile manufacturers have made their unremitting efforts in diverse aspects of materials research and development, designing and manufacturing. This thesis has explored the hot aspect, mechanical aspect, microscopic structure and the latest status of technical domain of hot stamping. The analysis is made on the main technology of hot stamping forming and its working process, and the application of hot stamping technology on automobile and advantages of this technology are expounded, respectively. This thesis has made a systematic introduction on the core technology of hot stamping and its pros and cons through testing the coating hot stamping steel plates, and pointed out the current status of its application as well as its future prospect.

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14

Maki, Seijiro, Atsushi Hamamoto, Shouichi Saito y Kenichiro Mori. "Hot Stamping and Press Quenching of Ultrahigh Strength Steel Sheet Using Resistance Heating". Key Engineering Materials 344 (julio de 2007): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.309.

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The feasibility of hot stamping and press quenching of ultrahigh strength steel sheet using resistance heating was investigated by demonstrating experiments. In the experiments, a rectangular blank of high strength steel sheet, SPFC980Y, 1.2mm thick, 20mm wide and 130mm long was used and it was resistance-heated with a pair of parallel electrodes placed 120mm away from each other, using an AC power supply with a function of input energy control. The relationship between input energy and heating temperature was examined and then hot stamping and press quenching performances were examined. The press quenching was also experimented in hot hat-shaped bending, and the influences of the heating temperature on spring-back and hardness property were investigated. The results of the experiments revealed that hot stamping and press quenching using resistance heating are highly feasible.

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15

Wu, Wenhua, Ping Hu y Guozhe Shen. "Thermomechanical-Phase Transformation Simulation of High-Strength Steel in Hot Stamping". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/982785.

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The thermomechanical-phase transformation coupled relationship of high-strength steel has important significance in forming the mechanism and numerical simulation of hot stamping. In this study a new numerical simulation module of hot stamping is proposed, which considers thermomechanical-transformation multifield coupled nonlinear and large deformation analysis. In terms of the general shell finite element and 3D tetrahedral finite element analysis methods related to temperature, a coupled heat transmission model for contact interfaces between blank and tools is proposed. Meanwhile, during the hot stamping process, the phase transformation latent heat is introduced into the analysis of temperature field. Next the thermomechanical-transformation coupled constitutive models of the hot stamping are considered. Static explicit finite element formulae are adopted and implemented to perform the full numerical simulations of the hot stamping process. The hot stamping process of typical U-shaped and B-pillar steel is simulated using the KMAS software, and a strong agreement comparison between temperature, equivalent stress, and fraction of martensite simulation and experimental results indicates the validity and efficiency of the hot stamping multifield coupled constitutive models and numerical simulation software KMAS. The temperature simulated results also provide the basic guide for the optimization designs of cooling channels in tools.

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16

Dong, Han, Cun Yu Wang, Ying Chen y Wen Quan Cao. "Warm Stamping of the 3rd Generation Sheet Steel for Automobiles". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.219.

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The advantages and disadvantages of the conventional hot stamping steel and the hot tamping technology were shortly reviewed. It was proposed that new type steel with relative low austenization temperature and air hardening ability should be designed and produced to overcome the surface oxidation and avoid the complexity of cooling system of the stamping dies. In this study, it was shown that the 3rd generation sheet steel with medium-Mn composition could be austenized and pressed at 700-750°C and air cooled into automobile parts with strength no less than 1.5GPa and ductility larger than 12%. This new steel and corresponding forming technology were called warm stamping technology, which overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional hot stamping steel. The fabrication trials of the automobile parts in the automobile industries were demonstrated with high strength and relative good ductility. It was concluded that the 3rd generation sheet steel and the warm stamping technology could be applied to replace the conventional hot stamping steel and conventional hot stamping technology in near future.

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17

Kumar, Manoj, Georg Kirov, Florian Grabner y Ermal Mukeli. "Sheet Forming Processes for AW-7xxx Alloys: Relevant Process Parameters". Materials Science Forum 879 (noviembre de 2016): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1036.

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High strength AW-7xxx sheet alloys are promising candidates to manufacture crash relevant parts, but their limited formability at room temperature presents a major challenge. Formability is controlled through heating rate, heat treatment temperature and time, quenching rate, forming temperature and strain rate. In the literature retrogression forming, W-temper forming, warm forming and hot stamping processes have been proposed to improve the formability of AW-7xxx alloys. Of these the greatest improvement in formability comes from W-temper forming and hot stamping. Considering the similarity to the conventional forming processes of cold stamping for aluminium and hot stamping for steel, the W-temper forming and hot stamping of aluminium are promising for AW-7xxx alloys.

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18

GIGAC, JURAJ y MÁRIA FIŠEROVÁ. "EFFECT OF SMOOTHING IN CALENDER AND HOT STAMPINGMACHINE ONTHE PROPERTIES OF COATED PAPERBOARDS FORPRINTED ELECTRONICS". WOOD RESEARCH 67(1) 2022 67, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2022): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.1.2640.

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The methods of coatedpaperboards smoothing witha hot stamping machine using asmooth metal die and a conventional calender were compared. The printing roughness required for printing electrical and electronic components was achieved by both smoothing methods. The printing roughness of the coated paperboards decreased after hot stamping by18to 42% and after calendering by 22 to 41% depending on the grade of coated paperboard. Thestiffness of coated paperboards decreased after hot stamping by only 4 to 21%, while by up to 38to 51% after calendering. The ratio of specific stiffness and printing roughness of coated paperboards after hot stamping ranged from 2.5 to 8.1 mN.μm-2and after calendering from 2.0to 6.7 mN.μm-2. The stiffness of the coated paperboards decreased less after hot stamping, and that only in the printed electronics area, while after calendering the stiffness decreased significantly more in the whole profile. It can be assumed that packaging made from coated paperboards smoothed by hot stamping will have a lower weight and thus lower costs than packaging from calendered coated paperboards.

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19

Okayasu, Mitsuhiro y Masaya Sato. "Hot-stamping technology for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic plates based on electrical resistance heating". Journal of Composite Materials 54, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2019): 1353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319877559.

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In the present work, a hot-stamping system for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) plates based on electrical resistance heating was developed, where CFRTP consisted of polyphenylene and polyacrylonitrile. With the hot-stamping process, a simple hat-shaped sample was made. The heating rate and maximum sample temperature varied depending on the electrical resistance of the CFRTP plate. Moreover, the contact conditions between the electrodes and the CFRTP plate also affected the sample temperature owing to their influence on the electrical resistance, which was determined by the amount of exposed carbon fiber (CF) on the sample surface. Temperature measurements performed using samples with various amounts of exposed CF (20%–95% CF) revealed that approximately 65% CF afforded the highest sample temperature and fastest heating rate. The CFRTP plate underwent non-uniform heating, especially during the early stages, e.g. less than 10 s. Sample heating to 150℃ resulted in permanent deformation of the hat-shaped CFRTP samples with less springback, whereas heating to higher temperatures above the melting point led to meandering of the samples. In contrast, CFRTP samples subjected to hot-stamping at lower temperatures, such as 110℃, exhibited rough surfaces. In addition to the sample temperature, the formability of CFRTP during hot-stamping was affected by the holding time. When hot-stamping was performed without a holding time, even at high temperatures of 150℃ and above, low-quality samples with dented surfaces and irregular sample thickness were obtained. The results of this study indicate that a temperature of 150℃ and a holding time of 10 s are optimal for fabricating high-quality hot-stamped CFRTP with smooth surfaces and uniform thickness.

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20

Gao, Mengdi, Qingyang Wang, Lei Li y Zhilin Ma. "Energy-Economizing Optimization of Magnesium Alloy Hot Stamping Process". Processes 8, n.º 2 (5 de febrero de 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020186.

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Reducing the mass of vehicles is an effective way to improve energy efficiency and mileage. Therefore, hot stamping is developed to manufacture lightweight materials used for vehicle production, such as magnesium and aluminum alloys. However, in comparison with traditional cold stamping, hot stamping is a high-energy-consumption process, because it requires heating sheet materials to a certain temperature before forming. Moreover, the process parameters of hot stamping considerably influence the product forming quality and energy consumption. In this work, the energy-economizing indices of hot stamping are established with multiobjective consideration of energy consumption and product forming quality to find a pathway by which to obtain optimal hot stamping process parameters. An energy consumption index is quantified by the developed models, and forming quality indices are calculated using a finite element model. Response surface models between the process parameters and energy-economizing indices are established by combining the Latin hypercube design and response surface methodology. The multiobjective problem is solved using a multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to obtain the Pareto frontier. ZK60 magnesium alloy hot stamping is applied as a case study to obtain an optimal combination of parameters, and compromise solutions are compared through stamping trials and numerical simulations. The obtained results may be used for guiding process optimization regarding energy saving and the method of manufacturing parameters selection.

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Zhao, Pengjing, Qi Wu, Yo-Lun Yang y Zhanghua Chen. "Process Optimization of the Hot Stamping of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets Based on Response Surface Methodology". Materials 16, n.º 5 (24 de febrero de 2023): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051867.

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Hot stamping is an important manufacturing process for sheet metal parts. However, it is easy to produce defects such as thinning and cracking in the drawing area during the stamping process. In this paper, the finite element solver ABAQUS/Explicit was used to establish the numerical model of the magnesium alloy hot-stamping process. The stamping speed (2~10 mm/s), the blank-holder force (3~7 kN), and the friction coefficient (0.12~0.18) were selected as the influencing factors. Taking the maximum thinning rate obtained through simulation as the optimization objective, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the influencing factors in sheet hot stamping at a forming temperature of 200 °C. The results showed that the maximum thinning rate of sheet metal was most influenced by the blank-holder force, and the interaction between the stamping speed and the blank-holder force/friction coefficient had a great influence on the maximum thinning rate. The optimal value of the maximum thinning rate of the hot-stamped sheet was 7.37%. Through the experimental verification for the hot-stamping process scheme, the maximum relative error between the simulation and the experimental results was 8.72%. This proves the accuracy of the established finite element model and the response surface model. This research provides a feasible optimization scheme for the analysis of the hot-stamping process of magnesium alloys.

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Lee, In-Kyu, Sung-Yun Lee, Byung-Min Kim y Sang-Kon Lee. "Development of concurrent stamping-piercing trimless hot stamping process". Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 31, n.º 4 (abril de 2017): 1885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0336-5.

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23

Mori, Ken-Ichiro, Tomoyoshi Maeno y Yuzo Yanagita. "Deep Drawability and Bendability in Hot Stamping of Ultra-High Strength Steel Parts". Key Engineering Materials 716 (octubre de 2016): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.262.

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The deep drawability and bendability in hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel parts were examined. Although the cold drawability is greatly influenced by the blank shape, the limiting drawing depths for the square and circular blanks were equal for hot stamping because of small flow stress. In hot hat-shaped bending using draw-and form-type tools, the effect of the blankholder force generated with the draw-type tools on the springback was small, and the seizure for the form-type tools was smaller than that of the draw-type tools. Since both edges in contact with the electrodes are not heated for resistance heating, cracks were caused at the edges for resistance heating in the transversal directions in hot stamping of an S-rail with form-type tools, and thus it is required to control deformation of the non-heating zones.

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Bao, Jun, Zhong Wen Xing y Yu Ying Yang. "Hot Stamping Processing Experiments of Quenchable Boron Steel". Materials Science Forum 575-578 (abril de 2008): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.299.

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The quenchable boron steel is a novel type of ultra high strength steel used for automotive parts so as to reduce the weight of the whole automobile. The hot stamping processing experiments for bending parts were studied. The influence of the hot stamping processing parameters, such as the heating temperature, the heat holding time and the cooling water flow velocity, on the mechanics properties and microstructure of the hot stamping parts is obtained. And then the optimal ranges of these parameters are determined, which provides a basis for the control of the hot stamping process applied in complicated shape parts’ production.

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Bao, Li y Hong Jun Zhang. "The Research and Development of Hot Stamping Forming Technology and Production Line in View of High Strength Steel Plate". Applied Mechanics and Materials 422 (septiembre de 2013): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.422.75.

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Steel hot stamping is a kind of new forming technology that advanced high strength steel plate will be heated to austenitic temperature then stamping quickly, quenching in pressure stage through the mould and obtaining the cool speed required, thus obtaining the martensite which owns the intensity of around 1500 MPa of ultra high strength. Hot stamping technology of ultra high strength steel plate is one of the important ways which reduces body weight and improves shock resisitance and crashworthiness. Based on the analysis of hot stamping technology and the research present situation, comparing the key equipments and the core technology of the steel plate with each other. The key problem of high strength steel plate hot stamping area is discussed , present situation and the prospect is pointed out.

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26

You, Kang Ho y Heung-Kyu Kim. "A Study on the Effect of Process and Material Variables on the Hot Stamping Formability of Automotive Body Parts". Metals 11, n.º 7 (26 de junio de 2021): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071029.

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Hot stamping is a method capable of manufacturing high-strength automotive body parts by inducing a martensitic phase transformation through forming and die quenching after heating a metal sheet into a high temperature austenite phase. However, it is not easy to solve various formability problems occurring in the hot stamping process due to the complexity of the process and material behavior during high temperature forming. In this study, fracture-related forming limits and martensite phase ratio were selected as criteria for evaluating hot stamping formability. First, a hot stamping test was performed on a T-type part that simplified the B-pillar, an automotive body part, and the fracture behavior according to the temperature and thickness of the sheet blank was investigated. Additionally, forming analysis was performed on the hot stamping process of mass-produced B-pillar parts by varying the temperature of the sheet blank, the thickness of the sheet blank, the die-blank friction coefficient, and the strain-rate sensitivity of material among various process and material variables. Based on the analysis results, the effect of each process and material variable on the hot stamping formability of B-pillar parts was quantitatively analyzed. By utilizing the results of this study, it will be possible to solve the formability problem that occurs in the mass-production hot stamping process for automotive body parts and improve the quality of parts in the future.

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Yu, Hai Yan, Li Bao, You Zhi Deng y Wei Cao. "Forming Response of Ultra High Strength Steel Sheet to Stamping Speed during Hot Forming". Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (noviembre de 2010): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.123.

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Stamping speed is an important parameter in sheet metal forming especially in hot forming. In this study, hot forming of a U-shaped part made of ultra high strength boron steel (22MnB5) sheet is simulated with solid elements. The mechanical properties of 22MnB5 steel sheet and the key process parameters are introduced in detail. Emphasis is laid on the forming response of the boron steel sheet to stamping speeds of 3.25m/s, 0.325m/s and 0.0325m/s. The mechanism of stamping speed acting on hot formability and temperature field of the stamped part is analyzed. It is demonstrated that stamping speed affects both formability and the heat transferred from blank to tools and to environment during hot forming. And the coupling effect of material properties, the heat produced during plastic deformation and heat boundary condition decides the formability and temperature field. An appropriate stamping speed is more important for hot forming than that for common cold forming.

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Shihomatsu, Andre, Sergio Tonini Button y Iris Bento da Silva. "Tribological Behavior of Laser Textured Hot Stamping Dies". Advances in Tribology 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8106410.

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Hot stamping of high strength steels has been continuously developed in the automotive industry to improve mechanical properties and surface quality of stamped components. One of the main challenges faced by researchers and technicians is to improve stamping dies lifetime by reducing the wear caused by high pressures and temperatures present during the process. This paper analyzes the laser texturing of hot stamping dies and discusses how different surfaces textures influence the lubrication and wear mechanisms. To this purpose, experimental tests and numerical simulation were carried out to define the die region to be texturized and to characterize the textured surface topography before and after hot stamping tests with a 3D surface profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that laser texturing influences the lubrication at the interface die-hot sheet and improves die lifetime. In this work, the best texture presented dimples with the highest diameter, depth, and spacing, with the surface topography and dimples morphology practically preserved after the hot stamping tests.

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29

SENUMA, Takehide, Hideaki MAGOME, Kazuhiro HAGA, Takahiro FUJIOKA, Yoshito TAKEMOTO y Ken-ichi SHIMIZU. "Highly Efficient Hot Stamping Technology". Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 51, n.º 594 (2010): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.51.680.

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30

Karbasian, H. y A. E. Tekkaya. "A review on hot stamping". Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210, n.º 15 (noviembre de 2010): 2103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.07.019.

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31

Han, Xianhong, Yaoyao Zhong, Pensen Xin, Zhenshan Cui y Jun Chen. "Research on one-step quenching and partitioning treatment and its application in hot stamping process". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, n.º 11 (3 de diciembre de 2015): 1972–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415616062.

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Hot stamping process has been regarded as one of the most attractive processes to produce high-strength parts with merits of low-forming load and small springback. However, the elongation of the hot-stamped parts is small, so the ability of crash resistance is limited. Recently, a novel hot stamping process integrated with quenching and partitioning treatment has been presented to improve the elongation of the final parts. In this article, the quenching and partitioning hot stamping process is further studied using the boron steel B1500HS, and the feasibility is verified by a series of quenching and partitioning tests followed by mechanical tests and microstructure observations. Moreover, an experimental tool for quenching and partitioning hot stamping process is first proposed in this article, where both air cooling device and heating system are designed, and a U-channel part is produced. Finally, in order to illustrate the active role of high elongation that the quenching and partitioning hot stamping process archived, numerical simulation of crash test for a B-pillar sample is conducted using finite element analysis software LS-DYNA.

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32

Li, Guang Ying, Ming Tu Ma, Xin Ping Mao y Chang Xu Zhao. "New Process of Hot Stamping in Combination with Q-P-T Treatment for Higher Strength-Ductility Auto-Parts". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.223.

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Hot stamping has been developed into a sophisticated stage with standardized technology and typical product USIBOR1500. Most of the hot stamped components from 22MnB5 blanks possess high strength-ductility with TS⋅El product from 10 to 15 GPa%. To meet the further requirement of automakers on body lightening, energy saving and impact safety, the new HFQPT process is proposed, i.e. Hot Stamping in combination with Quenching-Partitioning-Tempering treatment, for higher strength-ductility auto parts with TS⋅El product 20∼30 GPa%. Based on the key technology of AHSS in retained austenite RA and TRIP effect, the Q-P-T treatment is integrated to hot stamping process to obtain retained austenite on the martensite matrix to improve ductility of hot stamped ultra-high-strength components. A low temperature P-T furnace is added to the hot stamping line followed the hot pressing machine to perform Partitioning-Tempering treatment immediately after Hot Press Forming and Quenching, named as HFQPT process. The blank steels for new hot stamping process HFQPT line can be further developed on the basis of low alloyed TRIP assisted steels, Q-P steels and Q-P-T steels, and produced in traditional hot strip mill HSM or in compact steel production CSP line through thin slab casting & direct rolling to deliver ultra-thin-hot-strip (thickness t = 1.2 ∼2.0 mm).

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33

Ma, Zheng, Hongchao Ji, Xiaomin Huang, Wenchao Xiao y Xuefeng Tang. "Research on High Temperature Stamping Forming Performance and Process Parameters Optimization of 7075 Aluminum Alloy". Materials 14, n.º 19 (22 de septiembre de 2021): 5485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195485.

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The stress strain curve of 7075 aluminum alloy in the temperature range of 310 °C to 410 °C was obtained by Gleeble-3800. By Nakazima test, the isothermal thermoforming limit diagrams of 7075 aluminum alloy at different deformation temperatures and stamping speeds were acquired. Moreover, the parameters of automotive S-rail hot stamping process were optimized by GA-BP neural network. The results show that the forming limit curve of 7075 aluminum alloy increases as the deformation temperature and stamping speed increase. The predicted optimal parameters for hot stamping of automotive S-rails by GA-BP neural network are: stamping speed is 50 mm/s, friction coefficient between die and blank is 0.1, and blank holder force is 5 kN. The maximum thinning rate at this process parameter is 9.37%, which provided a reference for 7075 aluminum alloy automotive S-rail hot stamping.

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34

Jiang, Binghe, Jianghua Huang, Hongping Ma, Huijun Zhao y Hongchao Ji. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters in 6016 Aluminum Alloy Hot Stamping Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis". Materials 15, n.º 23 (24 de noviembre de 2022): 8350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238350.

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The hot stamping technology of aluminum alloy is of great significance for realizing the light weight of the automobile body, and the proper process parameters are important conditions to obtain excellent aluminum alloy parts. In this paper, the thermal deformation behavior of 6016 aluminum alloy at a high temperature is experimentally studied to provide a theoretical basis for a finite element model. With the help of blank stamping finite element software, a numerical model of a 6016 aluminum alloy automobile windshield beam during hot stamping was established. The finite element model was verified by a forming experiment. Then, the effect of the process parameters, including blank holder force, die gap, forming temperature, friction coefficient, and stamping speed on aluminum alloy formability were investigated using Taguchi design, grey relational analysis (GRA), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stamping tests were arranged at temperatures between 480 and 570 °C, blank holder force between 20 and 50 kN, stamping speed between 50 and 200 mm/s, die gap between 1.05 t and 1.20 t (t is the thickness of the sheet), and friction coefficient between 0.15 and 0.60. It was found that the significant factors affecting the forming quality of the hot-stamped parts were blank holder force and stamping speed, with influence significance of 28.64% and 34.09%, respectively. The optimal parameters for hot stamping of the automobile windshield beam by the above analysis are that the die gap is 1.05 t, the blank temperature is 540 °C, the coefficient of friction is 0.15, stamping speed is 200 mm/s, and blank holder force is 50 kN. The optimized maximum thickening rate is 4.87% and the maximum thinning rate is 9.00%. The optimization method used in this paper and the results of the process parameter optimization provide reference values for the optimization of hot stamping forming.

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35

He, Bin, Liang Ying, Ping Hu, Yang Yu, Xi Zhao y Li Wen Zhang. "Investigation of Mechanical Property and Springback Behavior with Hot Stamping RCP Process". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.186.

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With the current development of hot stamping technology, quality products have been striving for not only uniformity in hardness but also a minimum of springback. Considering the fact that the uniformity distribution of hardness and the randomness distribution of the springback are inevitable in hot stamping process due to many complex factors such as contact sequence, contact clearance, scale and initial stamping temperature, a new method named RCP method was proposed to improve the hardness and springback of hot stamping product in this paper. The cooling rate control before stamping is applied based on CCT curves through a rapid air cooling device which can provide cooling rate of 60°C/s. Three parameters included initial stamping temperature, contacting pressure and dwelling time have been investigated in this paper. According to the experiment results, the hardness deviation is markedly decreased and the springback can be controlled within the threshold value ±0.5mm.

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36

Yang, Bing, Ding Zhang, Zun Hui Chang, Rui Ge, Zi Jian Wang y Yi Sheng Zhang. "Optimized Design and Numerical Simulation of B-Pillar Reinforcement Panel by Hot Stamping Steel". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.309.

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In a certain vehicle of Dongfeng Passenger Vehicle Company (DFPV), a new design of integrated hot stamping B-pillar reinforcement panel is introduced to replace the original design of two cold stamping parts connecting by spot-weld. A further light-weight design by thickness thinning is also attempted. All the schemes are validated by hot stamping process simulation and vehicle side impact simulation. The results show that by using hot-stamping steel of the same thickness as the original design, the performance of anti-vehicle side impact is improved; and an equivalent anti-side impact performance can be achieved by appropriate thickness reduction, while the weight of the part is lightened.

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37

Kong, Ling, Yan Peng y Caiyi Liu. "Research on the Re-Deformation Characteristics of Hot Stamping of Boron Steel Parts with Tailored Properties". Metals 10, n.º 9 (24 de agosto de 2020): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091136.

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Traditional hot-stamping products have super-high strength, but their plasticity is usually low and their integrated mechanical properties are not excellent. Functionally graded property structures, a relatively novel configuration with a higher material utilization rate, have increasingly captured the attention of researchers. Hot stamping parts with tailored properties display the characteristics of local high strength and high plasticity, which can make up for the limitations of conventional hot stamping and optimize the crash safety performance of vehicles. This new idea provides a means of personalized control in the hot-stamping process. In this paper, a new strategy of local induction heating and press hardening was used for the hot stamping of boron steel parts with tailored properties, of which the microstructure from the hard zone to the soft zone shows a gradient distribution consisting of a martensite phase, multiphase and initial phase, with the hardness ranging from 550 HV to 180 HV. The re-deformation characteristics of hot stamping parts with tailored properties have been studied through the uniaxial tensile test, in cooperation with digital image correlation (DIC) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The experiments show that there are easily observable strain distribution characteristics in the re-deformation of hot stamping parts with tailored properties. In the process of tensile deformation, the initial phase zone takes the role of deformation and energy absorption, with the maximum strain before necking reaching 0.32. The local misorientation of this zone was high, and a large number of low angle grain boundaries were formed, while the proportion of small angle grain boundaries increased from 13.5% to 63.3%, and the average grain size decreased from 8.15 μm to 3.43 μm. Meanwhile, the martensite zone takes on the role of anti-collision protection, with a maximum strain of only 0.006, and its local misorientation is mostly unchanged. The re-deformation experimental results show that the hot stamping of boron steel parts with tailored properties meets the functional requirements of a hard zone for anti-collision and a soft zone for energy absorption, suitable for automobile safety parts.

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38

Wang, Chao, Bin Zhu, Yi Sheng Zhang, Jie Shi y Han Dong. "Hot-Stamping Process Simulation and Optimize Research for Collision Beam of Automobile Door". Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (febrero de 2011): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.3.

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Hot-stamping molding for ultra-high-strength steel have some similarities with traditional cold-stamping molding in the aspects of molding process and die design. But due to the effect of temperature variation of blank, hot-stamping have some differences in ultra-high-strength products design, material selection and forming process design. Some special forming defects, such as local thinning, cracking and wrinkling, could appear in hot-stamping process due to these differences. In order to obtain uniform phase structure and get high-quality products, it is very important to be able to predict and control the blank temperature and the consistence of blank cooling rate. The thermo-mechanical characteristics of hot-stamping are studied with the material of ADVANCE1500 (22SiMnTiB). Based on the results of simulations and experiments, conclusion are drawn that the complexity of the product and the blank which contacts with die asynchronously causes the uneven distribution of the blank temperature. This is the key factor that leads to the poor mobility of the blank material and local thinning, cracking, wrinkling and other defects in forming process. Proper clearance between punch and die can reduce the probability of defects which could contribute to the improvement of hot-stamping process.

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39

Lei, Cheng Xi, Zhong Wen Xing y Hong Ya Fu. "Effect of Dies Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Hot Stamping Square-Cup Part for Ultra High Strength Steel". Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (agosto de 2010): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.390.

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The numerical simulation of hot-stamping process was carried out for UHSS square-cup parts, and the influence of dies temperature on the hot-stamping process was anlysised. Besides, through the microstructure analysis and mechanical properties testing of the formed parts, effects of dies temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-stamping square-cup parts were obtained. The experiment and simulation results showed that the mechanical properties of the UHSS are strongly dependent on the temperature, so the dies temperature is one of the most important parameters that have to be taken into account in designing the hot-forming dies and the hot-forming process.

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40

Zhao, Feng, Wei Guo, Wei Li, Huajie Mao, Hongxu Yan y Jingwen Deng. "A Study on Hot Stamping Formability of Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites". Polymers 14, n.º 22 (15 de noviembre de 2022): 4935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224935.

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In this study, hot stamping tests on continuous glass fiber (GF)-reinforced thermoplastic (PP) composites were conducted under different process parameters using a self-designed hemispherical hot stamping die with a heating system. The effects of parameters such as preheating temperature, stamping depth, and stamping speed on the formability of the fabricated parts were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results show that the suitable stamping depth should be less than 15 mm, the stamping speed should be less than 150 mm/min, and the preheating temperature should be about 200 °C. From the edge of the formed parts to their pole area, a thin-thick-thin characteristic in thickness was observed. Under the same preheating temperature, the influence of stamping depth on the thickness variation of the formed parts was more significant than the stamping speed. The primary defects of the formed parts were cracking, wrinkling, delamination, and fiber exposure. Resin poverty often occurred in the defect area of the formed parts and increased with stamping depth and stamping speed.

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41

Meng, Qing Lei, Bao Yu Wang, Lei Fu, Jing Zhou y Jian Guo Lin. "The Influence of Process Parameters during Hot Stamping of AA6111 Aluminum Alloy Sheet". Advanced Materials Research 572 (octubre de 2012): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.255.

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The AA6111 aluminum alloy sheet is widely used in auto-body manufacture. It can make use of good plasticity under high temperature to form more complex parts by using the hot stamping. The influence of process parameters in hot stamping of AA6111 aluminum alloy sheet is investigated through numerical simulation in this paper, including blank holding force (BHF), friction coefficient, stamping velocity and initial forming temperature. Finally forming defects of numerical simulation are verified through the hot stamping experiments. The results show that it can effectively avoid wrinkling and fracture by controlling the BHF, good lubricant is in favor of forming and numerical simulation can accurately predict forming defects to guide the production.

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42

Maeno, T., Y. Ohtsuka, A. Talebi-Anaraki y R. Watanabe. "Prevention of peeling of Al-Si coated layer in hot stamping using corner thickening by planar compression". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1270, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1270/1/012032.

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Hot-stamped products are widely used for the body in white of an automobile to enable lightweight design and improve crashworthiness. Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel sheets are applied to prevent oxide scale and adhere to a painting in hot stamping. To strengthen the bent member, corner thickening by planar compression in hot stamping was applied. However, the Al-Si coating layer peels off by large deformation due to corner thickening. The effect of corner thickening on the peeling of the Al-Si coating layer was investigated in hat-shaped bending. The coating layer on the outer corner was cracked by tensile deformation and the peel of the coating layer was observed above 5% in the thickening ratio. Deformability of the coating layer without crack was investigated in V-shaped bending. The sidewall angle was changed to taper to prevent peeling failure. In addition, to improve the elongation of the coating layer during hot stamping, the heating temperature was increased. The peeling and crack of the coating layer were reduced by heating at 1050 °C for 4 min.

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43

Zamri, Mohd Fawzi y Ahmad Razlan Yusoff. "Heuristic optimisation of cooling channel design in the hot stamping die for hot stamping process". Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies 1, n.º 1-2 (3 de abril de 2015): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2374068x.2015.1111698.

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44

Men, Chang Feng, Wen Wen Du y Cui Hong Han. "Research on the Numerical Simulation of Hot Stamping for High Strength Steel". Advanced Materials Research 898 (febrero de 2014): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.136.

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In order to research on the hot stamping property of high strength steel, the stamping forming of USIBOR1500P is simulated by the nonlinear finite element software Dynaform and Ansys/ls-dyna. The initial data simulated on USIBOR1500P is obtained by the hot tensile test. The simulation results show that the martensite weight percentage and Vickers hardness are in inverse proportion to stamping speed and initial die temperature.

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45

Sun, Shao Li, Zi Jian Wang, Xiao Chun Yao, Yi Lin Wang y Yi Sheng Zhang. "The Process Optimization to Prevent the Local Wrinkles of Hot Stamping Parts and the Design of Tools". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.301.

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During the process of hot stamping, due to the deformations of sheet metals are mainly bending and shallow drawing, as well as to prevent the temperature strikingly drop caused by the local contact of sheet metal and die, the hot stamping tool usually does not set up blank-holder. And this leads to the occurrence of local wrinkles in some types of hot stamping parts, which affect the quality of the parts. Through the hot stamping tool design and process test of a car ́s B pillar, it discovered that the local wrinkle in the part ́s big end is more severe. As a result the program was modified by taking advantage of the forming principle of the counter punch to improve the design of upper tool (die), which eliminated the local wrinkle in the big end and improved the contact cooling efficiency, consequently ensured the hot forming parts ́ quality and reduced the production rhythm.

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46

Lu, Hong Zhou, Shi Qi Zhang, Bian Jian, Hardy Mohrbacher y Ai Min Guo. "Solutions for Hydrogen-Induced Delayed Fracture in Hot Stamping". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.32.

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One of the main targets in automotive industry is to reduce the weight of vehicle as well as increase the safety. To accomplish this goal, press-hardening steel and hot stamping parts have been used in car body. However, the possibility of hydrogen-induced delayed fracture (HDF) of hot stamping parts exits, which will decrease the car’s passive safety. A solution has been presented to reduce the sensitivity of HDF and improve hydrogen-induced delayed fracture resistance (HDFR) by Niobium micro-alloying technology. Traditional press-hardening steel 22MnB5 and new steel 22MnBNb2, 22MnBNb5 and 22MnBNb7 were studied, and it is shown that the appropriate addition of Nb is beneficial to the improvement of the delayed fracture resistance of the hot stamping steel, which indicates that Niobium micro-alloying technology is an effective solution to the HDF in hot stamping steels.

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47

Wieland, Michael y Marion Merklein. "Characterization of Heat Transfer Coefficients of Tool Materials and Tool Coatings for Hot Stamping of Boron-Manganese Steels". Key Engineering Materials 438 (mayo de 2010): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.438.81.

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One characteristic of hot stamping of ultra high strength steels is the high wear rate of the used tools which leads to shorter tool life. Coatings improving wear resistance can increase the lifetime of the used tools but process relevant data such as the heat transfer capability of coated tool steels are missing. Within this paper the heat transfer capabilities of coated tool steels for the hot stamping processes are determined. Therefore different coating systems based on AlCrN are applied on the tool steels and the pressure dependent heat transfer coefficient is determined using process relevant conditions. As semi-finished blank the hot stamping steel 22MnB5 with an aluminum-silicon pre-coating is used. With respect to a finite element analysis of the forming operation of the hot stamping process the heat transfer coefficient represents an important input data for the process layout.

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48

Lin, Tao, Hong-Wu Song, Shi-Hong Zhang, Ming Cheng y Wei-Jie Liu. "Cooling Systems Design in Hot Stamping Tools by a Thermal-Fluid-Mechanical Coupled Approach". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (1 de enero de 2014): 545727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/545727.

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Hot stamping tools with cooling systems are the key facilities for hot stamping process of Ultrahigh strength steels (UHSS) in automotive industry. Hot stamping tools have significant influence on the final microstructure and properties of the hot stamped parts. In serials production, the tools should be rapidly cooled by cooling water. Hence, design of hot stamping tools with cooling systems is important not only for workpieces of good quality but also for the tools with good cooling performance and long life. In this paper, a new multifield simulation method was proposed for the design of hot stamping tools with cooling system. The deformation of the tools was also analyzed by this method. Based on MpCCI (Mesh-based parallel Code Coupling Interface), thermal-fluid simulation and thermal-fluid-mechanical coupled simulation were performed. Subsequently, the geometrical parameters of the cooling system are investigated for the design. The results show that, both the distance between the ducts and the distance between the ducts and the tools loaded contour have significant influence on the quenching effect. And better quenching effect can be achieved with the shorter distance from the tool surface and with smaller distance between ducts. It is also shown that, thermal expansion is the main reason for deformation of the hot forming tools, which causes the distortion of the cooling ducts, and the stress concentration at corner of the ducts.

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49

Huang, Guang Sheng, Li Fei Wang, Fu Sheng Pan y Ming Tu Ma. "The Formability and Hot Stamping of Magnesium Alloy Sheets". Advanced Materials Research 1063 (diciembre de 2014): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.215.

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Mg alloy is a potential material to be used in automobile, especially in the stamping products. Through texture weakening, temperature increasing, strain rate decreasing, blank holder force controlling, lubrication choosing and so on, the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy is improved so that the cold stamping on some simple products can be conducted. However, on the complicated products, hot stamping should be considered. Temperature has an important effect on the formability of Mg alloy sheet. As the temperature increasing, the strength of Mg alloys sheet decreases while the formability increases. Hot stamping process is an effective way to broaden the using of Mg alloys.

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50

Schwingenschlögl, Patrik, Jennifer Tenner y Marion Merklein. "Tribological Behavior of Different Tool Steels and Surface Properties under Hot Stamping Conditions". Key Engineering Materials 767 (abril de 2018): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.767.212.

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Hot stamping is a well-established technology for producing safety relevant components. The use of hot stamped components in modern car bodies offers the possibility of improving the crash performance while reducing the fuel consumption by using thinner sheet thicknesses. Hot stamped components are mainly produced out of the boron-manganese-steel 22MnB5. To avoid oxide scale formation during the heat treatment and the subsequent forming process AlSi coatings are applied on the workpiece surface. Due to the high forming temperatures, the use of lubricants is not suitable for the hot stamping process. Consequently, high friction and severe wear occur during the forming process and affect the resulting quality of hot stamped parts as well as the tool wear. In order to improve the part quality and increase the efficiency of industrial hot stamping applications, measures for reducing the tribological load during the forming have to be found. Within this study, the tool-sided impact on the tribological conditions is analyzed. Three different hot working tool steels were characterized based on strip drawing experiments under hot stamping conditions. Based on these investigations the tool steel characteristics hardness, thermal conductivity as well as chemical composition have been identified as possible influencing factors on the tribological conditions. Furthermore, the influence of the surface finish on the tribological performance was investigated by analyzing tool surfaces with three different roughness values and two PVD coatings. The experiments indicate a significant reduction of friction and wear due to application of PVD coatings while the tool roughness did not affect the tribological behavior under hot stamping conditions.

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