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Vejlgaard, Henrik. "Fast Organizations". International Journal of Technology Diffusion 6, n.º 3 (julio de 2015): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2015070102.
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This study aims at finding out if households or organizations are faster in their acceptance of a technological innovation. The object of this study is digital terrestrial television (DTT), specifically the implementation of DTT in Denmark. The theoretical framework is diffusion of innovation theory. Three surveys were carried out for both households and organizations. Based on the surveys, the rate of adoption for households and for organizations could be established. It is clear that organizations accept new technology faster than households during the entire adoption process. An explanation may be that it is the employees in the organization who are the most open to technology innovations who set the agenda for the acceptance process. Danish culture can have had an influence on the findings. If that is the case the findings may be generalizable only to cultures that are similar to Danish culture.
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Firdaus, Nico Alvio Maiyendra y Ritna Wahyuni. "Website Designing As A Media For Promotion And Information On Karang Setio Batik(Perancangan Website Sebagai Media Promosi Dan Informasi Pada Batik Karang Setio)". Jurnal KomtekInfo 7, n.º 2 (18 de abril de 2020): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/komtekinfo.v7i2.72.
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Ads that will be created and displayed must have a good, unique appearance that can attract the attention of consumers and be dynamic in accordance with the fields managed by the company. Website as a medium of promotion and information has enormous benefits. First, consumers do not need to come directly to the store to see and choose the items they want to buy. Second, in terms of financial consumers can save costs incurred, if the store location is far away. The product ordering target is stronger, not only for certain regions. There is no promotion done by Karang Setio Batik Studio, either in the promotion of television advertising, radio or website, making this household industry less well known and visited by many people. And also in the transaction process is still manually with the opportunity to come to the store. Because it needs to be overcome by promoting and providing information using promotional media and website-based information, and also makes it easier to conduct transactions between stores and customers. And it can be concluded that the old system used is not effective and will cause the process carried out will take time and place so that makes employee performance less efficient and effective and results in reports that are not accurate and accurate. This research was conducted by applying a framework or research method that starts from identification of problems, problem analysis, set goals, study literature, collecting data, system design, system testing, and system implementation. By utilizing the development of technology and functions of internet promotion and website-based information as one of the marketing strategies in business development at Karang Karang Setio.
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Riddex, Louis y Uno Dellgar. "The Ice Storm in Eastern Canada 1998 KAMEDO-Report No. 74". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025589.
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AbstractThis is a report of the impact of the ice storm that struck eastern Canada on 04–09 January 1998. The storm deposited ice some 100 mm thick on the ground and on the electric power lines and eventually left 1.4 million households and much of the infrastructure without electrical power.Data were obtained through non-structured interviews of those involved. Most of the larger hospitals were equipped with emergency generating equipment and were able to provide most essential services. For most hospitals, non-emergency services were compromised. Many other medical facilities, including clinics had to be shut down, and smaller hospitals were forced to transfer some patients to larger institutions. In addition, hospitals experienced a marked increase in the number of emergency department visits including an increase in the number of persons with injuries, respiratory tract infections, or heart problems. A marked increase in carbon-monoxide intoxication was observed: 50 persons required the use of hyperbaric oxygen and six persons died of CO poisoning.Prehospital services not only experienced a marked increase in the number of emergency responses, but also were utilized to provide transportation of non-ill or injured persons, equipment, and supplies. Home care was interrupted and many patients dependent upon power had to be transported to hospitals. Many hospitals opened their buildings to provide shelter to the families of many of their employees and medical staff. This helped to keep staffing at a better level than if they had to find shelter and essential services elsewhere.The transmission and sharing of information was severely limited due in part to the loss of power and inability to access television. This led to the distribution of misleading or incorrect information.This storm was exemplary of our dependence upon electrical power and that we are not prepared to cope with the loss of electricity.
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Abe, Makoto. "A Household-Level Television Advertising Exposure Model". Journal of Marketing Research 34, n.º 3 (agosto de 1997): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151901.
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Wood, Julian. "Review & Booknote: Television and the Household". Media International Australia 79, n.º 1 (febrero de 1996): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9607900137.
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Abe, Makoto. "A Household-Level Television Advertising Exposure Model". Journal of Marketing Research 34, n.º 3 (agosto de 1997): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400308.
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The author proposes a household-level television advertising exposure model for media planning that is based on household exposure records. Consistent with the industry practice, managerial input of advertising for the model is gross rating points (GRP) for each “daypart” and week. Exposures of each household within each daypart during each week follow a Poisson process with a distinct rate, which is inferred from the household's past exposure history after accounting for the advertising intensity. Because exposure pattern is computed at the household-level, the model accounts for audience accumulation of dayparts combination, which has a considerable managerial importance in media planning. The model is shown to fit the observed exposure pattern well at both disaggregate and aggregate levels. Applications illustrate the effect of changing the level of GRP on reach and frequency and advertising efficacy of different day-parts. The author implements reallocation of the current level of GRP among dayparts using the “greedy algorithm” to improve reach.
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Muttaqiin, Ninnasi. "Analysis of Household Financial Management for Work from Home Affected Employees (Case Study on Employees of Insurance Industry Companies in Surabaya)". Accounting and Management Journal 4, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/amj.v4i2.1827.
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This study was conducted to examine the effect of work from home policy caused by coronavirus epidemic on household financial management of insurance industry employees in Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative method by conducting interviews. The variables used are household consumption, household savings, household investment, household insurance, and retirement planning. The sample selection using purposive sampling method, obtained seven sources who then provide answers to questions during in-depth interviews. The results showed that the work from home policy had a very significant effect on the condition of household financial management in the variables of household consumption, household savings, and household investment. On the other hand, work from home policy does not really affect household insurance management and retirement planning for employees of the insurance industry in Surabaya.
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Kumar, Avinash y Rajeev Kumra. "Television viewing and conspicuous consumption of households: evidence from India". Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2021): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2020-3865.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of television viewing duration of a household on its annual category-level conspicuous consumption and also the enhanced level of this relationship for the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) households. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses formulation was guided by cultivation theory and the concept of compensatory consumption. The hypotheses were later examined by using ordinary least square (OLS) regression on the data from the large nationally representative India Human Development Survey, 2011 (IHDS-II) database. Findings Television viewing duration of the household exerts a positive effect on its annual category-level conspicuous consumption expenditure. The nature of this relationship is enhanced for the BoP households. The annual category-level conspicuous consumption for the BoP households increases by close to four percent for every hour increase in their television viewing duration while such increase for other households is close to one and a half percent only. Research limitations/implications Findings can be further strengthened by using time-lagged dependent variable taken at monthly intervals, as well as survey data linking household television viewing duration with desirability of conspicuous goods. Practical implications Managers can rely on television for reaching BoP consumers while being cognizant of the negative effects of promoting conspicuous consumption among them. They need to adopt a responsible marketing approach. Besides regulating television, policymakers need to work toward increased provisioning of educational and financial services for BoP households. They can leverage television for promoting beneficial behavior in BoP households. Originality/value The study empirically establishes the external validity of cultivation theory at the household level in an emerging economy by using a large nationally representative database. It also establishes the higher vulnerability of BoP households to increase category-level conspicuous consumption in response to television viewing. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to empirically examine the effect of television viewing duration of household on its annual category level conspicuous consumption.
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Wirth, Michael O. y Harry Bloch. "Household‐level demand for cable television: A probit analysis." Journal of Media Economics 2, n.º 2 (septiembre de 1989): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997768909358183.
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Pamungkas, Bambang Tri. "PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN RUMAH TANGGA DAN PERBEKALAN UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA YOGYAKARTA". Journal Competency of Business 4, n.º 2 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/jcob.v4i2.701.
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This study aims to determine whether there is a partial influence of work environment and motivation on the performance of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta Household Employees. To find out the influence of work environment and work motivation simultaneously on the performance of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta Household Employees.
The nature of this research is correlational. The variables of this study are the work environment and work motivation and employee performance. The population in this study were all Household Employees at the University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta with a population of 37, a population of less than 100, so that all populations were sampled by the census method. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%.
The results obtained by the work environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Household Section of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta University. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Household Section of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University in Yogyakarta. Employee performance is influenced by the work environment and work motivation by 29.3%, while the remaining 70.7% is influenced by other factors.
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Sanni, Tajudeen Adebayo. "Determinants of Level of household income utilization and decision making among the educated working married employees in Mbarara Municipality, Mbarara, Uganda". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, n.º 4 (16 de abril de 2021): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.9878.
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The study determines the level of household income utilization and decision-making among educated working married employees in the Mbarara Municipality, Mbarara, Uganda. The study was guided by Sen’s Cooperative Conflict Theory. The study employed a mixed design of quantitative and qualitative approach. It targeted working educated married employees from MMC with a study sample of 113 respondents consisting of 92 married, educated working employees. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants (21) like the LCs 1,(6) 2(6) and 3(6) mayor,(1) probation officer(1) and legal officers (1) that is in the 6 division in the municipality was interviewed. Qualitative data were analyzed using themes and quantitative data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
The study findings established that age, marital status, religion, educational qualification, years of marriage, monthly income influence the level of income utilization and decision-making among working educated married employees. In addition, patriarchal ideologies, community perceptions of decision making, gender roles, and religion also impacted their income utilization. The findings of this study also show that the level of household income utilization among the educated working married employees in Mbarara Municipality also varies based on the amounts earned by married employees and the difference between the husband and wife’s salaries.
The study concluded that household income utilization in general significantly influences the decision making process and affect the level of income utilization among educated working married employees. This is because the household is a huge contributor to the decision making process in the majority of employees’ homes in Mbarara Municipality. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should intensify effort by providing jobs for men and women to meet the financial obligation in their household.
Keywords: Gender Relations, Educated, Working Married Employees, Mbarara, Uganda
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Baran, Joseph, Jambunathan Ramanathan, Kathleen M. Riederer y Riad Khatib. "Stool Colonization With Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Healthcare Workers and Their Households". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501963.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of stool colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and their families.Design:Prospective assessment of fecal colonization with VRE.Setting:A 603-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital.Participants:Healthy volunteers recruited from hospital employees and their households were screened to exclude pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive disorders, and recent use of antimicrobials.Intervention:Self-obtained stool swabs were used to obtain cultures. Isolated enterococci were screened for vancomycin resistance and species were identified. Intra-household isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results:The participants (n = 228; age range, 28 days to 80 years) were from 137 households with and 91 without employees who had contact with patients.Enterococcusspecies were isolated from 127 stool specimens (55.7%). VRE were detected in 12 individuals, representing 6E. casseliflavus, 5E. faecium, and 1E. gallinarum. VRE were more commonly isolated in employees who had contact with patients (5 of 52 vs 0 of 40; relative risk [RR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.5 to 2.2;P= .07) and their household members (10 of 137 vs 2 of 91; RR, 3.3; CI95, 0.7 to 14.8;P= .13). In 2 households (2 adults in a physician's household and an adult plus a child in a nurse's household) PFGE analysis demonstrated identical intra-household strains of vancomycin-resistantE. faecium.Conclusions:VRE colonization was found in 5.3% of screened stools and was more prevalent in HCWs who had contact with patients and their households. Identical PFGE patterns between 2 employees who had contact with patients and their household members demonstrated probable intra-household spread. Although the mode of acquisition was uncertain, the association with employees who had contact with patients suggests possible occupational sources. These findings demonstrate the spread of VRE within the household and implicate occupational risk for its acquisition.
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Slettemeås, Dag. "Consuming Familiarity and Alterity in Domestic Space". Nordicom Review 35, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2014): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2014-0004.
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Abstract The present article addresses how stereotyped constructions of migrants’ television behaviour should be contrasted with empirical investigations into the perceptions and articulated practices of migrants themselves. In order to do this, the article explores how 20 migrant households in Norway make sense of television and TV-related activities in their everyday lives. The analysis, employing the domestication theoretical framework, reveals that TV consumption is a multi-faceted and situationally contingent phenomenon. The “practicing of television” goes beyond the mere viewing of programmes based on ethnic origin. Although transnational broadcasts are important, they are neither uncritically domesticated nor sufficient in creating a sense of stability and belonging for migrant families. Rather, it is television as a total experience that proves to be a crucial element in home construction. The domestication theory offers an analytical framework that allows for the dynamics of household relations to be properly articulated, including the embedding of television within household moral economies
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Thomas, Julian. "The Old New Television and the New: Digital Transitions at Home". Media International Australia 129, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2008): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900110.
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Over the past decade, a major policy and regulatory problem for governments in Australia and elsewhere has been the implementation of strategies to switch from analogue to digital television broadcasting systems. Despite extensive debate, the transition to digital broadcasting remains fraught. What seems to be a technical matter conceals a range of intractable social, economic and cultural policy decisions. This article explores some of the challenges of digital television through the prism of an earlier, and often overlooked, transformation of television, namely the consumer-driven uptake of what can be called the ‘new television technologies’ of the 1970s and 1980s. These earlier forms of new television help to highlight several arguments: that television was not a stable object prior to digital broadcasting; that the connections between television and broadcasting have been contingent and provisional; and that a remarkable degree of innovation, disruption and adaptation has occurred at the fringes of the broadcasting system, leading to the creation of new audiovisual economies on the boundaries of the household and the market. The article then considers some examples of the ways in which this ‘household sector’ is developing as a new policy problem.
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Crosbie, Tracey. "Household energy consumption and consumer electronics: The case of television". Energy Policy 36, n.º 6 (junio de 2008): 2191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.010.
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Tam, Greta, Zhe Huang y Emily Chan. "Household Preparedness and Preferred Communication Channels in Public Health Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Residents in an Asian Developed Urban City". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, n.º 8 (27 de julio de 2018): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081598.
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Disaster awareness and household preparedness are crucial for reducing the negative effects of a disaster. This study aims to examine the citizens’ preparedness level in the event of a general disaster or outbreak of infectious disease and to identify suitable channels for community disease surveillance and risk communication. We used a stratified random design to conduct a digit-dialed telephone survey in Hong Kong during February 2014. Level of disaster preparedness was examined according to the possession of disaster kit items. Associations between socio-demographic factors and good household preparedness were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Preferences for infectious disease surveillance were collected and analyzed. There were 1020 respondents. Over half of the respondents (59.2%) had good household preparedness. After adjustment, female respondents, having higher education and higher household income were significantly associated with good household preparedness. Television and telephone were the preferred channels to obtain and report infectious disease information, respectively. In conclusion, general and specific infectious-disease household preparedness levels in Hong Kong were generally good. Tailored preparedness programs targeted to specific communities are necessary for those lacking preparedness. Risk communication and public health surveillance should be conducted through television and telephone, respectively.
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León, Margarita. "Migration and Care Work in Spain: The Domestic Sector Revisited". Social Policy and Society 9, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2010): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000126.
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This paper explores the increasing significance of domestic workers in Spain, a country that has the highest figures of registered household employees in the EU, many of them female migrant workers. The paper focuses on how the domestic sector has grown in recent years along with mass migration flows. The growth of the household sector in Spain is situated within the context of the welfare and migration regimes. The household sector in Spain is currently absorbing a large part of the demand for childcare and elderly care provision. Although the domestic sector in Spain is more regulated than in many other countries, greater efforts to formalise and improve the labour and employment rights of household employees are needed to counterbalance occupational segregation and social inequality.
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Sharma, Sharan y Michael R. Elliott. "Detecting falsification in a television audience measurement panel survey". International Journal of Market Research 62, n.º 4 (16 de septiembre de 2019): 432–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785319874688.
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Case studies reporting real-world experiences with survey falsification are uncommon. In this article, we document the experience of a panel survey in India that produced TV viewing estimates (“TV ratings”) where external parties were illegitimately trying to influence respondents’ behavior. The usual method to detect possible falsifications was that of analysts poring through data to find suspicious viewing patterns. Here, we develop a method using multilevel models and illustrate its use in the detection of an actual incident. We report how the model-based method was used to direct on-ground investigations that ultimately supported our analytic inferences. The model-based method offers four advantages over the usual method. First, by approximating an interpenetrated sample, the model simultaneously controls for several household characteristics. Second, Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (EBLUPs) of random effects can be examined separately at both the household and interviewer level, thus suggesting where further investigation efforts should be directed. Third, the method is faster and more objective than the usual method. Fourth, the method is easily implemented and can provide regular quality control for survey organizations.
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Hošková, Elena, Martin Richter y Iveta Zentková. "The Influence of Income on the Consumption Expenditures". Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe contribution aims to identify the influence of income on Slovak household expenditures. Analyses are querying from the household income and expenditures data in the Slovak Republic during the period 2004–2018. The data source is the Statistical Office of The Slovak Republic. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis are used. The analysis of the goods and services expenditures reveals the major share of the expenditures is expended for the non-durable goods. The non-durable goods expenditures of the pensioners are 72% of their total consumption expenditures. Expenditures of employees, self-employees and other households for the non-durable goods present more than a half of their total expenditures. The share of services expenditures is also considerable. It is varying above 30% for all households kinds. The income influence on the household expenditures is analyzed using Engel’s expenditures functions which are used as the basis for the income elasticities of household expenditures. The analysis results are pointing to the fact that the less elastic on the income change is the reaction of the Slovak household expenditures on non-durable goods. A significant reaction on the income change is observed in household durable goods expenditures.
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Abe, Makoto. "Audience Accumulation by Television Daypart Allocation Based on Household-Level Viewing Data". Journal of Advertising 25, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1996): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1996.10673510.
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Gore, Janice S. y Mary Celeste Kearney. "Guilty (P)leisures: Notes on Television Use in the Single-Person Household". Wide Angle 18, n.º 4 (1996): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wan.1996.0019.
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Wiecha, Jean L., Arthur M. Sobol, Karen E. Peterson y Steven L. Gortmaker. "Household Television Access: Associations With Screen Time, Reading, and Homework Among Youth". Ambulatory Pediatrics 1, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2001): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1367/1539-4409(2001)001<0244:htaaws>2.0.co;2.
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Overney, Laetitia. "Women and Money Management: Problematising Working-class Subjectivities in French Television Programmes During and after the Post-war Boom". Culture Unbound 11, n.º 3-4 (30 de enero de 2020): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.19v11a24.
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This article looks at French television during and after the post-war period to explore the relationships that programmes systematically established between home-making in social housing, housekeeping money management and women. It sheds light on the gendered dimensions of thrift and dwelling. French 1960’s Television reflected a range of urban transformations characteristic of the period: the development of high-rise estates, social housing, shopping centers. How should people inhabit these new environnements, new structures of dwelling and new services in order to keep up with regular household expenses such as paying rent, utility bills, buying food or covering child rearing costs? Since the 19th century, women had generally managed household budgets as part of the everyday domestic cultures. These heavy financial responsibilities were relayed by televised documentaries prompting questions about the types of in/appropriate activities and attitudes, knowledges and expertises shown on mainstream TV at the time. Television was constantly problematizing working-class subjectivities through women’s voice. On the one hand, television reports showed women always counting the money and thrifting in order to control the household comsumption and to avoid debts. In the documentaries I analyse, the women describe in detail their economic problems and moral economies they are conditioned to operate within. On the other hand, TV programmes were replete with the specialist home economics tips that were meant to spread normative representations of dwelling in order to educate housewives. Women’s activities are tied to the welfare state which is revealed in all its complexity, controlling with one hand the rationalisation of domestic budgets and practices, and, with the other, improving living conditions and protecting individuals against vulnerabilities.
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Herrin, Jeph, Charles B. Cangialose, Stephen J. Boccuzzi, William S. Weintraub y David J. Ballard. "Household Income Losses Associated With Ischaemic Heart Disease For US Employees". PharmacoEconomics 17, n.º 3 (marzo de 2000): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200017030-00008.
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Tucker, Larry A. y Marilyn Bagwell. "Relationship between Serum Cholesterol Levels and Television Viewing in 11,947 Employed Adults". American Journal of Health Promotion 6, n.º 6 (julio de 1992): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-6.6.437.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among high-, moderate-, and low-duration television viewers. The confounding effects of age, gender, income, body fat percentage, weekly exercise duration, and smoking were also examined. Design. A cross-sectional or correlational design was employed. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios were used to estimate risk of the television viewers regarding hypercholesterolemia. Setting. Participants were employees of over 55 corporations that had their employees screened as part of the ongoing risk-management program of Health Advancement Services (HAS), Inc. Subjects. Subjects were 11,947 employed adults. About 85% of the subjects eligible for participation completed the screenings and were used in the study. Measures. Serum cholesterol was assessed in a certified lab, and lifestyle information, including television viewing habits, was collected via a written questionnaire. Body fat was measured using skinfolds from three body sites. Results. High-duration television viewers were almost two times more likely to suffer from hypercholesterolemia as infrequent viewers, with and without control of multiple confounding factors. Moderate-duration viewers were at 1.5 times the risk of hypercholesterolemia compared to infrequent viewers. Neither television group was at greater risk of moderately elevated cholesterol levels (200–239) compared to the infrequent viewers with all of the potential confounders controlled. Conclusions. Cause-and-effect conclusions are not warranted; however, this study coupled with other investigations shows that excessive television viewing may be an important lifestyle factor linked to decreased health and functioning.
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Artemov, Viktor y Olga Novokhatskaya. "Everyday activity of rural employees in Siberia". Eastern European Countryside 20, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2014): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eec-2014-0009.
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Abstract The article presents the results of the fifth bi-seasonal survey conducted in 2004- 2005 within the framework of the longitudinal study of the time use, everyday activity and living conditions of the rural population. The study is conducted on a sample group of villages representative of the south of Siberia in rather different historical periods. The emphasis is made on changes that have taken place in the rural everyday life and on the use of time during the last two decades; in particular, in the beginning of the new century. It presents the results of the analysis of the time budgets of working women and working men and their answers to questions concerning the facts of reality, their assessments and values. In the early 2000s the working time of men increased, while their time spent on private plot production and housework decreased. Similar situation was observed in the case of women; however, the time spent on household production increased. More pronounced changes were observed among agricultural workers, especially men (increasing working time and decreasing time of housework, sleep and leisure). On the whole, there was a noticeable redistribution of time between work in the house and household production and work in the agricultural enterprise being the source of the material well-being of the rural family. The male-female difference in the total work load and leisure time has decreased.
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Meyer, Denny H. "Testing for the significance of changes in television ratings". South African Journal of Business Management 21, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 1990): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i3.916.
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South African television ratings are obtained from the AMPS meter panel. This panel must be viewed as a complex non random sample. For such samples the effective sample size differs from the actual sample size. It has been found that, when equal weights are assigned to strata, the most reliable estimate for effective sample size can be obtained by considering every household as a sample cluster. This estimate of effective sample size can be incorporated directly into a test for significant rating change. For convenience this test is implemented graphically.
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Wahid, Sara, Aazadi Fateh Muhammad y Fateh Muhammad Burfat. "Gender Portrayals In Pakistani Television Commercials". Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 10, n.º 1 (8 de marzo de 2015): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v10i1.238.
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This study is aimed to investigate the gender portrayals in Pakistani television commercials that run on Pakistani television channels. The research is mainly a content analysis, intends to examine the gender representation of male and female in Pakistani television commercials. For this purpose the commercials have been closely investigated considering the male and female role portrayals, demographic focus and main voice over/ narrators. Twenty-five commercials were randomly selected from four broad categories of household products, beauty products, telecommunications and edibles. These four product categories represent those television advertisements that have been given greater exposure (in terms of space allocated / air time) on Pakistani television channels and also enlist in top ten product category in the year 2008. The aforementioned top ten product category list was prepared by Gallup Pakistan and accessed from the Aurora purple book (Pakistani advertising magazine) published by Dawn group of newspapers in 2008. (Gallup Pakistan) The research framework attempts to familiarize the readers with the gender representation in Pakistani television commercials, their similarities and differences in comparison with the existing literature from various countries.
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Swaffield, Jo, Carolyn Snell, Becky Tunstall y Jonathan Bradshaw. "An Evaluation of the Living Wage: Identifying Pathways Out of In-Work Poverty". Social Policy and Society 17, n.º 3 (8 de mayo de 2017): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000136.
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This article reports the results of a case study on the introduction of the living wage. Three employers in the City of York became living wage employers. Using data derived from a sample survey of their employees and qualitative interviews, this article explores what impact the receipt of the living wage had on poverty and deprivation. It found that not all living wage employees were income poor or deprived, although those on living wage rates were more likely to be poor and deprived than those on even higher wages. The more important determinant of the employees’ living standards was the household they lived in, and there were a high proportion of living wage employees living in multi-unit households. Also important were the number of earners in the household and the hours worked by the living wage employee. Lone parent families and single people appeared to be most vulnerable to poverty and deprivation. In addition, whether the employee took up their entitlement to in-work benefits was critical and, using benefit checks by welfare rights experts, it was found that some were not.
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Best, Simon, Alistair Soyode, Michael Muller-Camen y Andrew Boff. "The complex concept of sustainable of diversity management". Human Resource Management International Digest 23, n.º 5 (13 de julio de 2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-06-2015-0105.
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Purpose – Explores the notion of sustainable diversity-management practices. Design/methodology/approach – Summarizes research into the sustainability of diversity management across four countries and provides examples of efforts to maintain high levels of diversity. Findings – Looks at the activities of Africa House, an organization that develops business links with Africa, and of Bright Entertainment Network (BEN) Television, which is a television station that caters primarily for ethnic minorities. Social implications – Highlights the complexity of diversity and so the difficulty of legislating in this area. Originality/value – Explains that employees can also stifle attempts to engage in sustainable diversity management policies. A lack of understanding of local laws or language, or through limited social contacts, can prevent full participation by employees.
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Petkova, Lesia, Ivan Zagoruiko y Dmytro Palamarchuk. "Model of impact of household assets on labor price: European experience". Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 6, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2019): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v6i2.297.
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This article deals with existing models of household behavior, based on the assumption of the possibility of employees to determine their own level of consumption and employment, depending on a given wage rate and accumulated assets. An alternative view is offered that the wage rate accepted by employees can be expressed through financial assets and employment. Based on this assumption, the model "financial assets – labor price" was developed, determining the impact of the volume of financial assets of households and the level of employment on the wage rate, the minimum acceptable for workers.
The model was tested in twelve European countries. The calculations confirmed the basic hypothesis of the study, namely the dependence of the level of wages on the volume of available assets and employment.
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Fullerton, Jami A. y Alice Kendrick. "Portrayal of Men and Women in U.S. Spanish-Language Television Commercials". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77, n.º 1 (marzo de 2000): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700110.
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While numerous studies have analyzed women's portrayals in U.S. general market television as well as depiction of both sexes in several foreign countries, no data have been published regarding gender depictions targeted to the growing U.S. Hispanic market via Spanish-language television. A content analysis of 162 prime-time commercials from a Spanish-language television affiliate in a major U.S. market revealed depiction of women is most likely to be in traditional sex-stereotypical roles. In only a few cases was a male character cast as a parent or performer of household chores, and never as a homemaker. Some of the commercials appeared to be “re-treads” of general market creative edited for the Hispanic market.
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Buchler, Sandra, Michele Haynes y Janeen Baxter. "Casual employment in Australia". Journal of Sociology 45, n.º 3 (20 de agosto de 2009): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783309335648.
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This article uses data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) 2001 survey to examine whether there is a difference in financial well-being between casual and permanent employees. The study examines two measures of financial difficulty and one measure of financial satisfaction and finds that casual employees fare worse than permanent employees on all three measures. The results indicate that casual employees are less likely to afford basic costs of living, such as bills and mortgage/rent, and have higher levels of financial difficulty as well as lower levels of financial satisfaction. The article concludes that casual employment imposes significant financial strains on employees.
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Min, Deulle y Su Jeong Lee. "Factors Associated With the Presenteeism of Single-Person Household Employees in Korea". Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 63, n.º 9 (28 de abril de 2021): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002247.
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VAN DER GOOT, MARGOT, JOHANNES W. J. BEENTJES y MARTINE VAN SELM. "Meanings of television in older adults' lives: an analysis of change and continuity in television viewing". Ageing and Society 32, n.º 1 (24 de febrero de 2011): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1100016x.
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ABSTRACTTelevision viewing is an important leisure activity for older adults. The aim of the current study is to provide insight into the meanings of television in older adults' lives, by analysing change and continuity in their television viewing. A qualitative study was conducted that included in-depth interviews on television viewing among a diverse sample of Dutch people aged 65 years and older (N=86). The interview study shows that television has a variety of meanings for older adults. The meanings of television viewing changed in response to changes in everyday life, but this did not happen unidirectionally. Retirement, physical changes and changes in household composition led to increases as well as decreases in television viewing. Watching more television was experienced in both positive and negative ways. After a loss in the interpersonal sphere, television viewing can play a valuable role in adaptation processes, but it was also experienced as an activity that needs to be avoided. With regard to television content we found that some programmes gained importance when people age, whereas other programmes became less important or attractive. These changes in television viewing occurred for only part of the sample and some interviewees experienced continuity in the status of viewing and in their content preferences. The results are discussed in the context of recent literature on leisure constraints, leisure as coping, and adaptation strategies.
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De Coninck, David, Koen Matthijs, Marlies Debrael, Rozane De Cock y Leen D'Haenens. "Unpacking Attitudes on Immigrants and Refugees: A Focus on Household Composition and News Media Consumption". Media and Communication 7, n.º 1 (5 de febrero de 2019): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1599.
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This study examines how household composition and news media consumption and trust are related to attitudes towards two minority groups—immigrants and refugees—in a representative sample of the adult population (n = 6000) in Belgium, Sweden, France, and the Netherlands. We find that Swedes hold the most positive attitudes towards both groups, while the French are found to be most negative. The Belgians and Dutch hold moderate attitudes. There is also evidence that attitudes on refugees are more negative than attitudes on immigrants in Sweden and France, but not in Belgium and the Netherlands. Using structural equation modeling, we find that household composition is not directly related to attitudes, but indirect effects through socio-economic status and media consumption indicate that singles hold more negative attitudes than couples. Public television consumption, popular online news consumption, and trust in media are positively related to attitudes, whereas commercial television consumption is negatively associated with them.
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Sinyolo, Sikhulumile, Catherine Ndinda, Conrad Murendo, Sithembile A. Sinyolo y Mudzunga Neluheni. "Access to Information Technologies and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables in South Africa: Evidence from Nationally Representative Data". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 13 (7 de julio de 2020): 4880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134880.
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Extensive evidence indicates that fruit and vegetable (F+V) consumption leads to reduced chances of diet related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the F+V consumption levels remain low. This paper investigates the extent to which access to information technologies improves F+V consumption in South Africa. A nationally representative sample of 20,908 households was analysed using the Poisson and logit regression models. The study results indicated that most households do not consume sufficient F+V per day. Only 26% of the household heads consumed F+V at least five times a day. Access to mobile phones, radio, television, and internet was associated with increasing frequency of F+V consumption, and higher chances that a household would consume the minimum recommended levels. The association between the communication technologies and F+V consumption varied. Television access had the highest association with both foods, while internet was only significantly associated with vegetable consumption. Several demographic and socio-economic factors played a key role in shaping F+V consumption patterns. The results show that there is scope to disseminate nutrition awareness and education programs, through mobile phones, internet, radio and television in South Africa. The interventions to promote F+V consumption should be tailored according to the different socio-economic profiles of the population.
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Doak, Colleen, Linda Adair, Margaret Bentley, Zhai Fengying y Barry Popkin. "The underweight/overweight household: an exploration of household sociodemographic and dietary factors in China". Public Health Nutrition 5, n.º 1a (febrero de 2002): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001296.
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AbstractObjective:The goal of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the nutrition transition is related to households having an underweight and an overweight member simultaneously (under/over households and under/over pairs).Design:The 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was used to test the association between being an under/over household and household characteristics related to the nutrition transition. Sociodemographic and diet patterns were tested for the main age combination of the under/over pairs.Setting:In China, 8.1% of all households were found to have underweight and overweight members within the same household.Subjects:Results are from the 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey and are based on a sample of 13814 persons from 3340 households.Results:The under/over household was more urban, had a higher income and was more likely to have assets such as a television, a motor vehicle and a washing machine, even after controlling for sociodemographic confounders. The under/over household had a diet that was higher in fat and protein compared with the underweight and normal weight households. There were no significant differences between the under/over and overweight households, with many of the associations near unity. Comparisions of the under/over subgroups by age of the under/over pairs showed some differences by income and occupation, but not for diet.Conclusions:It is imperative, as more individuals become exposed to the diet and lifestyle patterns of the nutrition transition, to find effective public health programmes that can simultaneously promote a healthy lifestyle, improve diet quality and address both undernutrition and chronic disease.
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Ćitić, Tatjana. "Artificial intelligence in media systems: Radio and television". Socioloski pregled 54, n.º 4 (2020): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-29621.
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The development of radio and television is accompanied by technological innovations in the field of business, production, storage and placement of the content. This paper is focused on the application of digital technology which has brought revolutionary possibilities to the media systems in the optimization and integration of work processes, maximum use of resources, time saving, as well as easier exploitation of archived materials and the content placement on digital platforms. The basic thesis of the paper is that the application of artificial intelligence in modern radio-television systems may have positive effects on more efficient business operations, as well as product quality, integration and efficiency of employees' work with the aim of improving the quality of reporting and creating a new user experience in content consumption.
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Erdei, Ildiko. "A new life on the small screen and around it: The beginnings of television in socialist Yugoslavia (1955–1970)". Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2016): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i2.6.
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Ever since television became institutionalized in socialist Yugoslavia in the late 1950’s, it was closely associated with the idea of a „new life“ in socialist society. As a new technology, as a modern object in the socialist household, and as a medium which enabled the transmission of desirable content for creating socialist citizens and shaping models of socialist „culturality“ and entertainment, television represents a prime terrain for studying the transformations of culture and society in the latter half of the 20th century in Yugoslavia, as well as in the rest of Europe and the world. The paper is mostly based a number of key sources, memoirs, which speak of the history of television in Yugoslavia from the point of view of creators and a wider circle of experts who were involved in it. In this paper I will attempt to shed some light on the dynamics of the process of introducing television into Yugoslavian society, the perplexities, confusions and tensions which this new technology – simultaneously the product and the mediator of modernity – brought with it. Special attention is given to the relationship between television as technology and television as a medium of mass communication, which permanently marked the beginnings of television in Yugoslavia with the tension between „tech“ and „programming“, as well as to the role of television in everyday life.
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Sabarofek, Margareth Sylvia y Magriet Ester Sawaki. "PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, BUDAYA KERJA DAN PERILAKU INDIVIDU TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI: STUDI KASUS PADA PT. TELEVISI MANDIRI PAPUA". Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis 12, n.º 2 (29 de enero de 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrmb.2017.122.289.
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ABSTRACTThis study aims: to analyze the influence of individual characteristics, work culture and individual behavior to employee performance in PT. Papua Independent Television: and to analyze the dominant factor influencing the performance of employees at PT. Papua Independent Television. The method of analysis used in this research is statistical integral multiples regression model analysis using. The result of analysis that: the first problem showed that the simultaneous behavior of employees, work culture and employee characteristics of strong and significant influence on the performance of employees; the second problem shows that partially dominant culture influence the performances ofemployees and thus concluded that the partially dominant culture and the most significant effect onperformance.Keywords: Individual characteristics, work culture, individual behavior, and performance.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik individu, budaya kerja dan perilaku individu terhadap kinerja pegawai; dan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada PT. Televisi Mandiri Papua. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik integral model multiples regression analysis.Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa secara simultan perilaku pegawai, budaya kerja dankarakteristik pegawai berpengaruh kuat dan signifkan terhadap kinerja pegawai, serta menunjukkansecara parsial budaya kerja berpengaruh dominan dan paling signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai.
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SWAGLER, ROGER, ANNE SWEANEY y JULIA MARLOWE. "Children's participation in household tasks as portrayed by national television advertisements in the U.S.A." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 13, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1989): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.1989.tb00023.x.
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Gorin, Amy, Hollie Raynor, Kim Chula-Maguire y Rena Wing. "Decreasing household television time: a pilot study of a combined behavioral and environmental intervention". Behavioral Interventions 21, n.º 4 (2006): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bin.221.
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Cebulla, Andreas. "The social orientations and ideologies of UK finance employees at the onset of the Global Financial Crisis". Capital & Class 41, n.º 2 (23 de noviembre de 2016): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816816678574.
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Debates about the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 have pointed at institutional and individual-behavioural factors as its causes. Using the British Household Panel Survey, this article highlights marked differences in perceptions of societal and economic fairness among financial services employees in investment or management positions in the United Kingdom and the general working population at the brink of the Global Financial Crisis. Panel data analysis suggests that financial services and occupations did not necessarily attract employees with pro-market attitudes, but that employment in these institutions and occupations made it more likely that employees came to display these perceptions, contributing to the construction of a distinct attitudinal profile of finance employees.
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Purwaningsih, Vitriyani Tri. "Can Assets Determine Family Happiness?" Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences 5, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2021): Layouting. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jerss.v5i2.12455.
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Ownership of assets can be assessed as the success of individual achievement in his life goals. It certainly can make individuals feel satisfied with the efforts they have made. Life satisfaction is one of the dimensions used by BPS to measure happiness. Thus, this study will analyze the effect of asset ownership on happiness. The data used in this study are data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5 of 2014. Analysis of the model in this study uses logistic regression for analysis in Java and outside Java Island. This study found that ownership of assets (jewelry, savings, vehicles, receivables), health, gender of the head of the household, type of residential, mobile phone, television, and access to the internet have a significant effect on household happiness. At the same time, other assets (houses/other buildings, land), number of household members, type of floor, and residential area (urban, rural) have no effect in determining of happiness of the household. The finding in this study also states that the probability of household happiness will be higher outside Java Island.
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Plowman, D. H., J. Taplin y J. Henstridge. "Determining the Minimum Wage: A Household Expenditure Approach". Economic and Labour Relations Review 7, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1996): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469600700206.
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The establishment of a minimum wage, a wage below which no employer can pay able bodied full-time employees, is a common feature in most industrialised societies. In many of these societies the minimum wage is determined by government fiat. In Australia, the prevailing method of minimum wage determination has been by way of industrial tribunals. In their minimum wage role both governments and industrial tribunals need to determine minimum wage criteria as well as mechanisms for operationalising the criteria This paper proposes ‘reasonable living’ needs criteria for minimum wage determination. By analysing the Household Expenditure Survey it also suggests the amount which would constitute a ‘reasonable living’ minimum wage for labourers in Australia.
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Balut, Michelle D., Claudia Der-Martirosian y Aram Dobalian. "Determinants of Workforce Preparedness during Pandemics Among Healthcare Workers at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (enero de 2021): 215013272110047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211004738.
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Objective: An infectious disease outbreak can place a significant burden on healthcare systems, however, our understanding of the broader healthcare workforce’s preparedness during a pandemic is limited. This study examines factors that influence perceived workforce preparedness at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) during a pandemic. Methods: The VA Preparedness Survey was a random, anonymous, web-based survey fielded nationwide October to December 2018. Multivariate statistical analyses examined the effects of study relevant factors (sociodemographic, work-related, general health, and household-related characteristics of VA employees) on perceptions of workforce preparedness, including institutional readiness and understanding of individual roles during a pandemic. Results: Four thousand and twenty-six VA employees responded. Overall, 55% were confident in their VA medical facility’s ability to respond; 49% understood their role; and 68% reported their role to be important during a pandemic. After controlling for study-relevant factors, household preparedness, having plans that address the health care needs of family members, and higher self-reported health status were associated with all 3 workforce preparedness variables. Clinical staff (compared to non-clinical staff) were less likely (OR:0.80, 95% CI:0.68-0.94, P < .01) to have confidence in their medical facility’s ability to respond but more likely (OR:1.77, 95% CI:1.49-2.10, P < .001) to believe their role was important. Employees who have been at the VA longer (OR:1.07, 95% CI:1.01-1.14, P < .05) or have experienced a disaster while working at the VA (OR:1.29, 95% CI:1.04-1.59, P < .05) were more likely to understand their role during a pandemic. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest the need for identifying ways to increase VA employees’ confidence in their medical facility’s ability to respond to a pandemic; develop trainings to improve understanding of their different yet critical roles, for both clinical and non-clinical staff, during a pandemic; create different workforce trainings for newly hired employees; and identify ways to improve household preparedness for a pandemic outbreak.
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Ramsey, Phil y Christian Herzog. "The end of the television licence fee? Applying the German household levy model to the United Kingdom". European Journal of Communication 33, n.º 4 (27 de mayo de 2018): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323118775300.
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While the United Kingdom (UK) government has renewed the BBC Royal Charter until 2027 and confirmed that the television licence fee will last for this period, a medium-term shift from the television licence fee to a household levy is still a policy option. Drawing on the German experience, we discuss the probable difficulties, possible benefits and the overall implications of such a shift in the UK. The article employs a comparative media policy analysis. After a brief history of public service broadcasting funding in the UK, we provide an outline of the recent German public service media funding reform. We point out the difficulties from the German model to predict the future total revenues and elaborate on the suitability of it in the UK context, contrasting the possibilities of policy transfer and policy failure.
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Akanda, Md Abdus Salam. "Demand for Institutional Delivery in Bangladesh: An Application of Household Production Function". Dhaka University Journal of Science 60, n.º 1 (14 de abril de 2012): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10337.
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Maternal and child health issues continue to be at the forefront of national and global health policies. Notwithstanding the national and global policy initiatives, maternal mortality continues to be on the ascendancy in developing countries. This paper investigates the determinants of institutional delivery among a cross section of Bangladeshi women. For appropriate policy targeting, it is imperative to investigate the factors that promote institutional delivery and those that retard it. Using discrete choice model, and controlling for other covariates, we found that, women from the richest income quintile, and those that have access to health information via television delivered at appropriate health institutions. Besides, place of residence, mothers education, wanted pregnancy, utilization of antenatal care services and number of health workers visiting time inter alia were found to be significant predictors of the demand for institutional and supervised delivery. The policy implication of this finding is that health education via television is more effective than print media. Secondly, government policies meant to create jobs and increase income levels are envisaged as proper policy instrument to induce the utilization of appropriate health services including institutional delivery. Thirdly, information, education and communication (IEC) programs are urgently needed to inform women about the cause and potential risk of maternal health complications as well as the significance of institutional delivery. Finally, the use of health inputs such as antenatal care during pregnancy should be encouraged.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10337 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 53-59 2012 (January)
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Cortes, Taísa Rodrigues, Michael Maia Schlussel, Ana Beatriz Franco-Sena, Fernanda Rebelo y Gilberto Kac. "Television viewing and abdominal obesity in women according to smoking status: results from a large cross-sectional population-based study in Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 16, n.º 1 (marzo de 2013): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2013000100013.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between television viewing and abdominal obesity (AO) in Brazilian women, according to smoking status. METHODS: Data of 13,262 adult women (18-49 years) from the 2006's Demographic Health Survey, a cross-sectional household study with complex probabilistic sample and national representativeness, were analyzed. AO, defined as waist circumference ≥ 80.0 cm, was the outcome. Television viewing frequency (≥ 5 times/week, 1-4 times/week, < 1 time/week) was the main exposure variable, and smoking status (yes or no) the main co-variable. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models separately for smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: A statistically significant interaction term was observed between smoking status and television viewing (p < 0.05). Prevalence of AO among smokers who reported television viewing ≥ 5 times/week amounted to 59.0%, higher than the 35.0% for those with < 1 time/week television viewing (p-value = 0.020). The values for non-smokers were 55.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Smokers with television viewing ≥ 5 times/week were 1.7 times (95% CI: 1.1 - 2.5) more likely to pre-sent AO, compared to those who reported a frequency < 1 time/week. There was no significant association among non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Television viewing ≥ 5 times/week may increase the prevalence of AO among women who smoke. More detailed information on media use, as hours per day, may offer better estimates.