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J. L., Ms Chithra. "The Paradox of Being Human and more than Human: Exploring the Class Struggle in Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2021): 4485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1539.
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The human history is an apologue. It tells the struggle-some tale of races, aiming for power and prestige or for mere survival. Marxism, discontent with the existing struggle between the haves and have-nots, envisages a classless society. Science fiction, in contrast, assumes a fictious world, not of humans alone, but of a macrocosm of living and non-living creatures including human, non-human or subhuman entities. When the divergent communities co-exist within the same planet, there arises a dissonance. Posthuman theory assumes that “the dividing line between human, non-human or the animal is highly permeable.” There is quite a good number of Science fictions that conjures up towards a posthuman future. Even though, seemingly divergent aspects, Marxian and Posthuman theory, both presumes a fictional world. The first surmises on an ideal utopia of class-less society of unique economic equality, the second foresees a futuristic world of humans- less than or more than ‘humans.’ Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain is a typical science fiction which tells the negative impact of genetic engineering. A few fortunate parents who could afford the expensive genetic engineering, was able to brought about a new generation of sleepless children with unique features. But those without any alterations, remained as sleepers. In the long run, the ordinary humans seemed to lose the race with the much productive individuals, who is having a bonus of sleeping hours and much more added advantages. The conflict results in a class struggle of ‘haves and have-nots’. Marxian view of the class struggle between the proletariat and the aristocrats can be analyzed on par with the classification of individuals purely based on their talents whether they inherited or purposefully custom-made. The present scrutiny rounds off the assertion that, there is no ultimate victory over the war of human and posthuman races.
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Muradian, Gaiane y Anna Karapetyan. "On Some Properties of Science Fiction Dystopian Narrative". Armenian Folia Anglistika 13, n.º 1-2 (17) (16 de octubre de 2017): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2017.13.1-2.007.
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Dystopia is a narrative form of fiction in general and of science fiction in particular. Using elements of science fiction discourse like time travel, space flight, advanced technologies, virtual reality, genetic engineering, etc. – dystopian narrative depicts future fictive societies presenting in peculiar prose style a future in which humanity has fallen into destruction, ruin and decline, in which human life and nature are wildly abused, exploited and destroyed, in which a totalitarian, highly centralized, and, therefore, oppressive social organization sacrifices individual expression, freedom of choice and idiosyncrasy of the society and its members. It is such critical and creative reflections of science fiction dystopian narrative that are focused on in the present case study with the aim of bringing out certain properties in terms of narrative types and devices, figurative discourse and cognitive notions through which science fiction dystopia expresses and conveys its overarching message, i.e. the warning to stop before it is too late to the reader.
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COGGON, JOHN. "Confrontations in “Genethics”: Rationalities, Challenges, and Methodological Responses". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000617.
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It was only a matter of time before the portmanteau term “genethics” would be coined and a whole field within bioethics delineated. The term can be dated back at least to 1984 and the work of James Nagle, who claims credit for inventing the word, which he takes “to incorporate the various ethical implications and dilemmas generated by genetic engineering with the technologies and applications that directly or indirectly affect the human species.” In Nagle’s phrase, “Genethic issues are instances where medical genetics and biotechnology generate ethical problems that warrant societal deliberation.” The great promises and terrific threats of developments in scientific understanding of genetics, and the power to enhance, modify, or profit from the knowledge science breeds, naturally offer a huge range of issues to vex moral philosophers and social theorists. Issues as diverse as embryo selection and the quest for immortality continue to tax analysts, who offer reasons as varied as the matters that might be dubbed “genethical” for or against the morality of things that are actually possible, logically possible, and even just tenuously probable science fiction.
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Burke, Lucy. "Hostile environments? Down’s syndrome and genetic screening in contemporary culture". Medical Humanities 47, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012066.
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This essay explores the complex entanglement of new reproductive technologies, genetics, health economics, rights-based discourses and ethical considerations of the value of human life with particular reference to representations of Down’s syndrome and the identification of trisomy 21. Prompted by the debates that have occurred in the wake of the adoption of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), the essay considers the representation of Down’s syndrome and prenatal testing in bioethical discourse, feminist writings on reproductive autonomy and disability studies and in a work of popular fiction, Yrsa Sigurdardóttir’s Someone To Look Over Me (2013), a novel set in Iceland during the post-2008 financial crisis. It argues that the conjunction of neo-utilitarian and neoliberal and biomedical models produce a hostile environment in which the concrete particularities of disabled people’s lives and experiences are placed under erasure for a ‘genetic fiction’ that imagines the life of the ‘not yet born’ infant with Down’s syndrome as depleted, diminished and burdensome. With close reference to the depiction of Down’s syndrome and learning disability in the novel, my reading explores the ways in which the generic conventions of crime fiction intersect with ideas about economics, politics and learning disability, to mediate an exploration of human value and social justice that troubles dominant deficit-led constructions of disability.
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ENDERSBY, JIM. "A visit to Biotopia: genre, genetics and gardening in the early twentieth century". British Journal for the History of Science 51, n.º 3 (20 de junio de 2018): 423–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708741800047x.
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AbstractThe early decades of the twentieth century were marked by widespread optimism about biology and its ability to improve the world. A major catalyst for this enthusiasm was new theories about inheritance and evolution (particularly Hugo de Vries's mutation theory and Mendel's newly rediscovered ideas). In Britain and the USA particularly, an astonishingly diverse variety of writers (from elite scientists to journalists and writers of fiction) took up the task of interpreting these new biological ideas, using a wide range of genres to help their fellow citizens make sense of biology's promise. From these miscellaneous writings a new and distinctive kind of utopianism emerged – the biotopia. Biotopias offered the dream of a perfect, post-natural world, or the nightmare of violated nature (often in the same text), but above all they conveyed a sense that biology was – for the first time – offering humanity unprecedented control over life. Biotopias often visualized the world as a garden perfected for human use, but this vision was tinged with gendered violence, as it became clear that realizing it entailed dispossessing, or even killing, ‘Mother Nature’. Biotopian themes are apparent in journalism, scientific reports and even textbooks, and these non-fiction sources shared many characteristics with intentionally prophetic or utopian fictions. Biotopian themes can be traced back and forth across the porous boundaries between popular and elite writing, showing how biology came to function as public culture. This analysis reveals not only how the historical significance of science is invariably determined outside the scientific world, but also that the ways in which biology was debated during this period continue to characterize today's debates over new biological breakthroughs.
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Lavi, Shai. "Cloning International Law: The Science and Science Fiction of Human Cloning and Stem-Cell Patenting". Law, Culture and the Humanities 14, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2014): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872114522155.
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The article offers a critical appraisal of the rise of international governance in the field of genetics and reproductive technologies as “legal cloning.” It critically explores two of the dominant approaches to the homogenization of international law: the instrumentalist approach promoted by legal realists (law and science) and the deterministic approach advanced by legal surrealists (law and science fiction). As an alternative to both, the article offers an account of bio-technology’s modus operandi, and its power to “clone,” namely, to reduce human diversity – whether genetic, moral, or legal – not to identity but to a controlled and standardized uniformity. By examining three case studies of international law and transnational law – the UN declaration on human cloning, the recent restriction of the patenting of human embryonic stem cell research by the CJEU – along with Aldous Huxley’s classic novel Brave New World, the article unveils three different ways in which cloning operates in international law: international law versus cloning, international law as cloning, and the cloning of international law.
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Sansom, Clare. "Genetics, Bioethics and Space Travel: GATTACA". Biochemist 34, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03406034.
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It has been said that all stories set in the future say more about the concerns of the time in which they are written than they do about future possibilities. Long before the genome era, writers were investigating the possibility of changing the biological make-up of humans. Questions about human biology, identity and eugenics (from the Greek ‘well-born’) have been raised by writers ever since Plato; classic novels addressing these issues include H.G. Wells's The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896) and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1931). Eugenics in fiction passed out of fashion after the Second World War, but recent developments in genetics and genomics have brought these ideas into the foreground again.
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Zimmermann, Oliver, Kefei Li, Myron Zaczkiewicz, Matthias Graf, Zhongmin Liu y Jan Torzewski. "C-Reactive Protein in Human Atherogenesis: Facts and Fiction". Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/561428.
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The role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in atherosclerosis is controversially discussed. Whereas initial experimental studies suggested a pathogenic role for CRP in atherogenesis, more recent genetic data from Mendelian randomization trials failed to provide evidence for a causative role of CRP in cardiovascular disease. Also, experimental results from laboratories all over the world were indeed contradictory, partly because of species differences in CRP biology and partly because data were not accurately evaluated. Here we summarize the published data from experimental work with mainly human material in order to avoid confusion based on species differences in CRP biology. Experimental work needs to be reevaluated after reconsideration of some traditional rules in research: (1) in order to understand a molecule’s role in disease it may be helpful to be aware of its role in physiology; (2) it is necessary to define the disease entity that experimental CRP research deals with; (3) the scientific consensus is as follows: do not try to prove your hypothesis. Specific CRP inhibition followed by use of CRP inhibitors in controlled clinical trials may be the only way to prove or disprove a causative role for CRP in cardiovascular disease.
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Nwoye, Leonard. "Ethical issues in human cloning". International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, n.º 4 (5 de enero de 2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.54.
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Cloning, which for years has remained a fiction, has finally become a reality today. Genetic engineers can now clone animals to achieve a desired type of product with unique or specific genetic make-ups. Presently, actors in this field have produced cloned sheep, mice, monkeys, pigs and cows. This paper may not exhaust the list if it continues to outline the achievements of genetic engineers today. What is discussed in this research are not only the achievements of genetic engineers, rather the ethical problems surrounding them. How moral is it to clone a cow that will grow up abnormally and die in the shortest time? Also, human beings developed through cloning will experience identity problems, authenticity, freedom, autonomy, and the problem of uniqueness. These problems and more are what this research seeks to address using the methods of analysis, evaluation, and deduction.
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Isa, Noor Munirah y Muhammad Fakhruddin Hj Safian Shuri. "Ethical Concerns About Human Genetic Enhancement in the Malay Science Fiction Novels". Science and Engineering Ethics 24, n.º 1 (9 de marzo de 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9887-1.
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Воронов, Дамиан. "Review: Swaab, D. “We Are Our Brains: From the Womb to Alzheimer’s”, transl. by D. V. Silvestrov. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing House of Ivan Limbach, 2018. 544 p. ISBN978-5-89059-317-7". Вопросы богословия, n.º 1(1) (15 de junio de 2019): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-7491-2019-1-1-182-185.
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Книга из разряда non-fiction «Мы — это наш мозг. От матки до Альцгеймера» нидерландского нейробиолога Дика Свааба (род. 1944) в оригинальной форме и с нескрываемым чувством юмора знакомит читателя с такими областями научного знания, как анатомия и нейробиология, биохимия и нейрофизиология, генетика и психиатрия, начиная своё довольно пространное повествование от момента внутриутробного развития до финального опыта человека перед вступлением в вечность. The non-fiction book "We are our brain. From Womb to Alzheimer's" by the Dutch neurobiologist Dick Swaab (born 1944) introduces the reader to such fields of scientific knowledge as anatomy and neurobiology, biochemistry and neurophysiology, genetics and psychiatry in an original form and with an undisguised sense of humour, starting with a rather lengthy narrative from prenatal development to the final human experience before entering eternity.
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Cappel, Jared. "The Human Experience". After Dinner Conversation 2, n.º 2 (2021): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20212214.
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It is moral to take on debts for the benefit of your unborn child that will carry over to your unborn child after you are dead? What if taking on those debts are the best way to ensure your child has the best chance for a successful life? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a couple looking to have their first child goes to the medical clinic to discuss the cost of DNA selection packages for their yet-to-be-conceived child. How much do they want to fix the genetic lottery to help their child be smart, athletic, or driven? They have the budget to make minor improvements, but if they are willing to take out a loan they can do more. The problem is the unpaid debt carries to their unborn child if they die before it is paid in full. In the end, through the high pressure used-car-salesmanship of the company, they decide to leverage their child’s future and order the “Platinum” package.
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Virginás, Andrea. "Embodied Genetics in Science-Fiction, Big-Budget to Low-Budget: from Jeunet’s Alien: Resurrection (1997) to Piccinini’s Workshop (2011)". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 8, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2014): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausfm-2014-0031.
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Abstract The article uses and revises to some extent Vivian Sobchack’s categorization of (basically) American science-fiction output as “optimistic big-budget,” “wondrous middle-ground” and “pessimistic low-budget” seen as such in relation to what Sobchack calls the “double view” of alien beings in filmic diegesis (Screening Space, 2001). The argument is advanced that based on how diegetic encounters are constructed between “genetically classical” human agents and beings only partially “genetically classical” and/or human (due to genetic diseases, mutations, splicing, and cloning), we may differentiate between various methods of visualization (nicknamed “the museum,” “the lookalike,” and “incest”) that are correlated to Sobchack’s mentioned categories, while also displaying changes in tone. Possibilities of revision appear thanks to the later timeframe (the late 1990s/2000s) and the different national-canonical belongings (American, Icelandic-German- Danish, Hungarian-German, Canadian-French-American, and Australian) that characterize filmic and artistic examples chosen for analysis as compared to Sobchack’s work in Screening Space.1
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Pausz, Thomas. "Making New Land: An Intertidal Aesthetics". Performance Philosophy 6, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2021.62328.
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Making New Land is an essay in theory-fiction set in a near future, where the oceans have disappeared. In these devastated landscapes, a first person narrator investigates unsolved biological enigmas on Earth and on Mars. In the footsteps of a fictional group of Anarcho-botanists called Sea for Space, the story alternates a melancholic longing for the beauty of intertidal and coastal lifeforms with futuristic visions of new species engineered by humans as new companions. The scenario explores archetypal figures of plant-human coexistence: from the botanical gaze to a nostalgic longing for connection, and from the hubris of genetical engineering to the dream of a post-humanism communion with the vegetal. The fictional story is interwoven with scholarly references and a critical discussions of artistic and literary works dealing with the fauna, flora and mythologies of the seaside, which form the outlines of an 'Intertidal Aesthetics'.
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Kalynych, Kateryna. "“University Novel” (Campus Novel / University Fiction): Genesis and Current Parameters of the Genre". Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, n.º 105 (28 de octubre de 2022): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2022.105.111.
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The theoretical paradigm of the genre in the aspect of genesis is considered on the example of the genre variety of the novel, which today is identified as the university novel (campus novel, university fiction). The matrix genre-creating features of the university novel are singled out: problematics, specifics of the plot and personosphere, time-space, ironic narrative, author’s idiostyle. The internal species formations of the campus novel genre are determined by the specific issues and genre specifics of the plot organization – the youth environment, the professor-teaching component of the personosphere, as well as detective, fantastic, etc. the nature of the intrigue. Under the influence of the stylistic practice of a specific direction (for example, realism or postmodernism), the university novel demonstrates the so-called genre metamorphism. The genesis of the genre is traced in the context of its form-content national specificity. On the example of modern campus novels by Ph. Roth “The Human Mark”, Z. Smith “About Beauty”, J. Aldecoa “The Riddle”, A. Orehudo “A moment of rest”, V. Shostak “One Hundred Days Without a Sun”, V. Kalyta “Arkharotsi”, Halyna Babych “Tyuti” and “Professor Shumeiko”, D. Berezina “Faculty” it is concluded that it is the plot that generates and preserves the genre potential of the university novel. The prospects for the functioning of this genre are indicated the appearance of its new fantastic and detective story versions, derived from the total impact of the latest technologies on society (the emergence of new diseases and adaptation to them, the threat of environmental disasters, etc.). Attention is focused on the distinct cultural transgression of the thematic multivariate genre core of the campus novel into such modern art forms as manga, comics, and movies. Taking into account the concept of the genre spiral of N. Kopystyanska, a conclusion is made regarding the genetic evolution of the student novel. Terminologically concretized as an independent genre in the age of postmodernism, this genre is distinguished by the author’s idiostyle and raises social and political problems of a certain country, without losing the established features of the novel. The direct impact of metamodernism on the university novel is predicted, which will generate its deformation and a new cultural format based on the genre-creating potential of the topic.
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Gruenwald, Oskar. "The Dystopian Imagination". Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 25, n.º 1 (2013): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2013251/21.
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This essay seeks to exploe the nature and effects of the new Post-Industrial Revolution as epitomized by the digital universe, the fusion of synthetic biology and cybenetics, and the promise of genetics, engendering new hopes of a techno-utopian future of material abundance, new virtual worids, human-like robots, and the ultimate conquest of nature. Central to this prefect is the quest for transcending human limitattons by changing human nature itself, consciously directing evolution toward a posthuman or transhuman stage. Less well understood is the utopia-dystopia syndrome illuminated by ttw dystopian imagination refracted in science-fiction literature in such famous twentieth-century dysopias as Yevgeny Zamyatin's We, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, and George Orwell's 1984, cautioning that utopias may lead to their opposite: dystopia, totalitarianism, dictatorship. The thrall of techno-utopia based on technology as a prosthetic god may lead to universal tyranny by those who wield political power. The essay concludes that what humanity needs is not some unattainable Utopia but rather to cherish and nurture its God-given gifts of reason, free will, conscience, moral responsibility, an immortal soul, and the remarkable capacity of compasston to become fully human.
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Michael, Mike y Simon Carter. "The Facts About Fictions And Vice Versa: Public Understanding of Human Genetics". Science as Culture 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505430020025483.
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BAHNG, AIMEE. "Specters of the Pacific: Salt Fish Drag and Atomic Hauntologies in the Era of Genetic Modification". Journal of American Studies 49, n.º 4 (9 de octubre de 2015): 663–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815001668.
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In part an examination of the speculative arena of genomics, particularly through the historical context of US nuclear detonations in the Pacific in the mid-twentieth century, this essay traces a rhetorical shift in scientific interest in “mutation” to “regeneration.” This shift marks how the financialization of scientific research brokers a profitable conversion of the devastations of the atomic age to the promissory therapies of the Human Genome Project. Against this backcloth, I turn to Larissa Lai's speculative fiction Salt Fish Girl, which resurrects these specters of the Pacific to haunt the HGP's projections and tether transpacific futurity to an irradiated past.
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Henderson, Antonia y Marla Anderson. "Pernicious Portrayals: The Impact of Children's Attachment to Animals of Fiction on Animals of Fact". Society & Animals 13, n.º 4 (2005): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853005774653645.
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AbstractThis paper argues that the lack of distinction between human and nonhuman animals in the fantastic world of children's literature and film results in distorted representations of intelligence, capabilities, and morality of nonhuman animals. From the perspective of attachment theory, the paper shows how humans internalize and sustain misrepresentations throughout adulthood and how these misrepresentations influence relationships with real animals. An ongoing search for the ideal "Walt Disney dog" of childhood jeopardizes relationships to companion animals. Trying to recreate the fantasy dog by genetic manipulation of a real animal's characteristics results in needless distress for companion animals. Because the companion does not meet expectations engendered by childhood stories, normal dog behaviour—chewing, digging, and barking—may result in relinquishing the dog for adoption and subsequent euthanasia. Shifting to the scientific realm, the paper discusses the on-going debate on the study of animals' human-like abilities, most salient in ape language programs. In closing, the paper discusses the disservice done to real animals as illusions of childhood and subsequent misunderstandings leave them judged by impossible, anthrocentric standards—which they rarely can fulfill.
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Cross, Emily S., Ruud Hortensius y Agnieszka Wykowska. "From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, n.º 1771 (11 de marzo de 2019): 20180024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0024.
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Amidst the fourth industrial revolution, social robots are resolutely moving from fiction to reality. With sophisticated artificial agents becoming ever more ubiquitous in daily life, researchers across different fields are grappling with the questions concerning how humans perceive and interact with these agents and the extent to which the human brain incorporates intelligent machines into our social milieu. This theme issue surveys and discusses the latest findings, current challenges and future directions in neuroscience- and psychology-inspired human–robot interaction (HRI). Critical questions are explored from a transdisciplinary perspective centred around four core topics in HRI: technical solutions for HRI, development and learning for HRI, robots as a tool to study social cognition, and moral and ethical implications of HRI. Integrating findings from diverse but complementary research fields, including social and cognitive neurosciences, psychology, artificial intelligence and robotics, the contributions showcase ways in which research from disciplines spanning biological sciences, social sciences and technology deepen our understanding of the potential and limits of robotic agents in human social life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction’.
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Schuster, Joshua. "The Future of the Extinction Plot". Humanimalia 6, n.º 2 (6 de marzo de 2015): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9911.
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Extinction narratives are typically divided into two streams: last human stories that usually depict apocalyptic ends for the planet, and last animal stories that cast a melancholy look at species finitude but view modernity continuing as usual. But as animal extinction rates are rising now across the planet, these narratives can no longer be seen as distinct. This essay discusses the convergence of these extinction plots in Octavia Butler’s Xenogenesis trilogy (also called Lilith’s Brood). Finished in 1989, this trilogy brings contemporary science on genetic modification and gene banking into the purview of a science fiction story about an alien species interested in mating with humans, a nearly extinct species due to nuclear war, in order to absorb their genetic material. Butler’s novel examines issues central to biopolitics and animal studies that appear specifically at the threshold of extinction events. This essay discusses the ways her novel calls upon the reader to think self-reflexively about how extinction and genetic knowledge intertwine in contemporary cultural and scientific debates about the decline of biodiversity.
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Loska, Krzysztof. "Posthumanistyczne echa, apokaliptyczne tony i zwierzęce odgłosy w filmach Bonga Joon-ho". Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 28, n.º 37 (31 de marzo de 2021): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/i.2020.37.09.
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The subject of the analysis in this article are three films by Bong Joon-ho: The Host (2006), Snowpiercer (2013) and Okja (2017), considered from the posthumanist perspective. A starting point is Donna Haraway’s suggestion that science-fiction stories should be treated as a tool for speculative thinking. Then, I point to the way the Korean film director demonstrates his critical reflection on the effects of climate change, deepening economic inequalities, the impact of global capitalism and the biopolitical model of the governance. The main aim is to seek out the possible strategies of resistance which enable humans to change their attitude to other species (Okja) and to ask a question about the scope of human freedom, the effects of our interference in the functioning of the biosphere (Snowpiercer) and the results of genetic modifications of animals.
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Belikova, Ksenia Michailovna. "Legal responsibility of a scholar for implementation of the results of his scientific activity in the area of reproductive and therapeutical genetic modification of human in the BRICS countries". Юридические исследования, n.º 4 (abril de 2020): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2020.4.33249.
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Based on the legal material of BRICS countries, this article conducts a scientific analysis on the question of legal responsibility of a scholar for implementation of the results of his scientific activity in the area of reproductive and therapeutical genetic modification of human. The relevance is substantiated by the impact upon legal and medical science, as well as the perceptions of peoples and experts (lawyers, medical personnel, sociologists, etc.) affected by new technologies, which currently allow doing what no one could ever imagine, unless in the films or books of science-fiction genre. The author examines different legal scenarios. The scientific novelty consists in the choice of countries – BRICS; the subject of research – legal responsibility for implementation of the results of his scientific activity in the area of reproductive and therapeutical genetic modification of human; analysis of the selected circle of questions in cross-disciplinary aspect, from the perspective of jurisprudence, medicine, and ethics). The conclusion is made that the approaches of national legislation are influenced by a range of problems that justify the corresponding legal regulation (for example, GMO in Brazil, prohibition of prenatal sex discernment in India, situation after He Jiankui’s experiment in China, etc.).
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S, Narendiran y Bhuvaneswari R. "The Uninhibited Evolution of the Human Persona: A Transhumanistic Study of Anil Menon’s The Beast with Nine Billion Feet". Space and Culture, India 8, n.º 3 (29 de noviembre de 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.vi0.740.
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Debates on intuition about transformed humankind in the future have led to the conception of transhumanism. It is a new philosophical movement to express the ideology that humanism will evolve by employing science and technology. Supporters of transhumanism believe that scientific aid in the evolution of humans will take them beyond the bounds of physical and mental limitations; eventually, it will make them immortals. The influence of transhumanism in literature has given birth to seminal works of art, particularly science fiction. Anil Menon’s The Beast with Nine Billion Feet is one such novel which sprang out the moral issues due to the rapid growth of science and technology affecting social, cultural, and political scenarios in India. The story is about genetic engineering and its impact on the socio-political problems. In addition to unfolding the threats and opportunities of transhumanism, the novel also touches on the issues of young adults like acquiring autonomy and finding their true identity. This study attempts to bring out the trepidation and chaos resultant of the period of transition and the multiple challenges and threats to the human race.
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Scott, Derek B. "In Search of Genetically Modified Music: Race and Musical Style in the Nineteenth Century". Nineteenth-Century Music Review 3, n.º 1 (junio de 2006): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147940980000032x.
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I should begin by declaring immediately my standpoint that there is no such thing as race. Race and, by extension, racism may have a social reality but they have no sound scientific grounding whatsoever. No convincing biological evidence has ever been produced that establishes the existence of different human races. DNA analysis offers little support to theories of genetic difference, and has revealed that even the most geographically separate social groups vary in only 6 to 8 per cent of their genes. Race does not present a medical problem when it comes to organ transplants. My research questions are, therefore: When and why did the idea of ‘race’ arise, and how did this fiction affect the production and consumption of music in the nineteenth century? In seeking answers, I make illustrative references to Liszt's Gypsy, Wagner's Jew, Celtic music, African-American music and American Indian music.
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Mazique, Rachel. "Science Fiction’s Imagined Futures and Powerful Protests: The Ethics of “Curing” Deafness in Ted Evans’s The End and Donna Williams’s “When the Dead Are Cured”". Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies: Volume 14, Issue 4 14, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2020): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2020.31.
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Contemporary Deaf literature and film of the science fiction (SF) genre such as Ted Evans’s The End and Donna Williams’s “When the Dead are Cured” imagine worlds where Sign Language Peoples (SLPs) are threatened with eradication. Employing schema criticism, the article shows how these social SF stories have the potential to transform harmful cognitive schemas that perpetuate eugenic drives, explaining how certain cognitive schemas uphold beliefs inherent to the ideology of ability (Bracher 2013; Siebers 2008). These SF texts question the ethics of genetic engineering and the desire to “cure” deafness; the intersection of disability and SF results in a subgenre of protest literature. Each protest story depicts eugenic ideologies that instantiate real-world SLPs’ activist claims to human and group rights. Further, these depictions of eugenic drives enable the activation of cognitive schemas that work against social injustices. SF as a mode of thought thus supports real-life protest against the state.
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Crowley, Dustin. "The Planet Already Turned Black". Extrapolation: Volume 62, Issue 1 62, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/extr.2021.4.
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In its depiction of alien invaders colonizing human bodies in Nigeria, Tade Thompson’s Wormwood Trilogy (2016-2019) at one level enacts a second contact narrative that recapitulates Africa’s history with European imperialism and slavery. At the same time, the biotechnological instruments of this new alien invasion signal a deepened and expanded colonization, one that takes place at the scale of both the planetary and the cellular, and that threatens to ensnare and enslave the entire human population within the machinations of Empire. As human bodies and minds become more thoroughly enmeshed in the bionetworks, surveillance, data collection, augmented realities, cyborg hybridizations, and genetic transformations wrought by the aliens, the global masses all become subject to imperial desire and power. Thus, I assert, Thompson configures the connective technologies of contemporary globalization as overt tools of colonialism: the networked subjectivities of surveillance capitalism are steeped in Black experiences of slavery and the colonial gaze, metastasizing the racist logic of imperialism through the mechanisms of Empire to encompass the whole planet. Thus the Wormwood narrative posits that Black experiences are always already implied by the imperialist resonances of the science fiction genre, highlighted here as foundational for everyone else to recognize their own relationship to the technologies of global capitalism—to see that we all inhabit a planet that already turned Black.
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Szewczyk, Matylda. "On gods, pixies and humans: Biohacking and the genetic imaginary". Technoetic Arts 20, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00086_1.
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The focal point of my article is the work of biohackers: mainly Josiah Zayner, whose activism as a biohacker, as an artist and a public figure offers an interesting lens through which one can explore the contemporary genetic imaginary and our changing and varied approach to genetic engineering. The framework for this description is set by an analysis of cultural representations of contemporary science and technology, both in documentaries and in works of fiction. In the article, I trace and analyse the ways in which biohackers’ activity is involved with the earlier ideas of cyberculture, most notably with the notion of biological life as information (possible to edit or ‘hack’) and to the image of a ‘hacker’. I recall the popular phrase of ‘playing god’, often quoted in relation to genetic imaginary, mainly as a warning against excessive interventions within nature. The phrase and the warning itself seem to have become insofar more important, as the scale of possible interventions had been raised by the advancement of genetic engineering. Finally, I discuss the relation of art and science in Zayner’s activity, within a broader context of relevant images of artists and scientists and their role within the changing realities of contemporary life. The article does not pretend to fully analyse or even describe the modalities and implication of biohackers’ activity. Its main goal is to shed more light on the current changes in collective imagination related to the rapid development of biotechnology and its cultural understanding. The public presence of biohackers, and especially Zayner’s activity, provides new visions of human agency in nature and of relation between art, science and social practice.
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Haker, Hille. "Habermas and the Question of Bioethics". European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 11, n.º 4 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v11i4.3037.
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In The Future of Human Nature, Jürgen Habermas raises the question of whether the embryonic genetic diagnosis and genetic modification threatens the foundations of the species ethics that underlies current understandings of morality. While morality, in the normative sense, is based on moral interactions enabling communicative action, justification, and reciprocal respect, the reification involved in the new technologies may preclude individuals to uphold a sense of the undisposability (Unverfügbarkeit) of human life and the inviolability (Unantastbarkeit) of human beings that is necessary for their own identity as well as for reciprocal relations. Engaging with liberal bioethics and Catholic approaches to bioethics, the article clarifies how Habermas’ position offers a radical critique of liberal autonomy while maintaining its postmetaphysical stance. The essay argues that Habermas’ approach may guide the question of rights of future generations regarding germline gene editing. But it calls for a different turn in the conversation between philosophy and theology, namely one that emphasizes the necessary attention to rights violations and injustices as a common, postmetaphysical starting point for critical theory and critical theology alike. In 2001, Jürgen Habermas published a short book on questions of biomedicine that took many by surprise.[1] To some of his students, the turn to a substantive position invoking the need to comment on a species ethics rather than outlining a public moral framework was seen as the departure from the “path of deontological virtue,”[2] and at the same time a departure from postmetaphysical reason. Habermas’ motivation to address the developments in biomedicine had certainly been sparked by the intense debate in Germany, the European Union, and internationally on human cloning, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, embryonic stem cell research, and human enhancement. He turned to a strand of critical theory that had been pushed to the background by the younger Frankfurt School in favor of cultural theory and social critique, even though it had been an important element of its initial working programs. The relationship of instrumental reason and critical theory, examined, among others, by Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse and taken up in Habermas’ own Knowledge and Interest and Theory of Communicative Action became ever-more actual with the development of the life sciences, human genome analysis, and genetic engineering of human offspring. Today, some of the fictional scenarios discussed at the end of the last century as “science fiction” have become reality: in 2018, the first “germline gene-edited” children were born in China.[3] Furthermore, the UK’s permission to create so-called “three-parent” children may create a legal and political pathway to hereditary germline interventions summarized under the name of “gene editing.”In this article, I want to explore Habermas’ “substantial” argument in the hope that (moral) philosophy and (moral) theology become allies in their struggle against an ever-more reifying lifeworld, which may create a “moral void” that would, at least from today’s perspective, be “unbearable” (73), and for upholding the conditions of human dignity, freedom, and justice. I will contextualize Habermas’ concerns in the broader discourse of bioethics, because only by doing this, his concerns are rescued from some misinterpretations.[1] Jürgen Habermas, The Future of Human Nature (Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2003).[2] Ibid., 125, fn. 58. 8[3] Up to the present, no scientific publication of the exact procedure exists, but it is known that the scientist, Jiankui He, circumvented the existing national regulatory framework and may have misled the prospective parents about existing alternatives and the unprecedented nature of his conduct. Yuanwu Ma, Lianfeng Zhang, and Chuan Qin, "The First Genetically Gene‐Edited Babies: It's “Irresponsible and Too Early”," Animal Models and Experimental Medicine (2019); Matthias Braun, Meacham, Darian, "The Trust Game: Crispr for Human Germline Editing Unsettles Scientists and Society," EMBO reports 20, no. 2 (2019).
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Golovko, Vyacheslav M. "The “Idea of Human” Literary Category: Epistemological Potential". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 464 (2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/3.
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The “idea of human” (“type of attitude to the world”) is considered as a relevant category of the conceptual apparatus of the modern science of literature. The aim of the work is to analyze the theoretical and methodological potential of this category on the basis of large typological units of the literary process, marked with the concepts of “historical and literary era”, “artistic and cognitive cycle”, “literary direction”, “big style”, “artistic method”. The research used the methods of a typological and complex study of literary works, which in the synthesis of literary criticism and philosophy determine the strategy of searches in the field of theoretical and methodological content of the “idea of human” category as the foundation of the literary and philosophical anthropology of cultural and historical eras. The historical and genetic links between the worldview aesthetic principles and the artistic practice of literary trends are problematized. The logic of the research reveals the concept “object – knowledge”, fundamental for epistemology, in the aspects of the structuring of the knowledge of the methodological semantics of the “idea of human” category and of the functioning of the definitions “generalized idea of human”, “type of attitude to the world”, “concept of human and reality”, “whole of human”, “human as a value”. The article shows that the “idea of human” as a philosophical and aesthetic interpretation of the nature and essence of human at a certain stage in the development of artistic consciousness, worked out by the whole culture (R.R. Moskvina, G.V. Mokronosov) and defining integrity and logical consistency of the artistic system, is a synergistically functional semantic core of the historical and cultural era, and this core contains the dialectical potential of “negation of the negation”. As a variable, the historical “idea of human”, in the perspective of the stage development of artistic consciousness, undergoes dramatic changes and is realized in the logic of the successive change of historical and cultural epochs and their philosophical paradigms, in the constant alternation of “realistic” and “mystical”, materialistic and idealistic methods of cognition and images of human and the world (D.I. Chizhevsky, A.M. Panchenko, and others). The conclusions are substantiated that the successive development of literary trends, creative methods and their axiological systems is conditioned by the dynamics of “types of attitude to the world”; that the functioning of the “idea of human” category in literary discourse is focused on argumentation of the ontological nature of fiction, on the identification of philosophical and aesthetic principles that determine the systematic nature and the successive change of artistic and cognitive cycles; that the evolution of the “idea of human” within the framework of one artistic and cognitive cycle is fixed by the dynamics of genre systems since, in the correlations of method, genre and style, “the idea of human” acts as a factor in genre formation.
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Filip, Loredana. "Genetic enhancement, TED talks and the sense of wonder". Medical Humanities 47, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012051.
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TED talks are an emergent and hybrid genre (Ludewig) and have become a highly successful disseminator and populariser of scientific knowledge (Sugimoto et al). The popular appeal of TED may also stem from the promise to deliver life-changing insights in a short amount of time. Besides, TED talks may rely on a science fictional ‘sense of wonder’ (Sawyer) in their representations of new technologies. CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome-editing technology that has captured the imagination of scientists. Science’s 2015 Breakthrough of the Year, CRISPR became the focus of ethical debates because of its potential to engineer the human. Rather than its therapeutic use, it is the potential for enhancement that gains traction in media. For these reasons, scientists have called for “a global pause in any clinical applications of the CRISPR technology in human embryos” (Doudna). TED talks actively shape the discourse on genetics at a global level. Embedded in the American culture of self-help and self-improvement, TED talks produce genetic stories that may favour an optimistic representation of genetic engineering. This paper aims to pursue the following questions: how do TED’s formal elements affect the representation of the genome? And how do they influence contemporary constructions of identity? By focusing on two playlists—‘How does DNA work?’ and ‘Get into your genes’ – this paper investigates the emergence of at least three formal features that inform these stories. These three recurring elements—conceptual breakthroughs, a sense of awe, and prophetic statements—also animate a sense of wonder and rely on the notion of ‘vision’ to define the human. In the end, TED talks aim to anticipate or even shape the future. This article argues that we need to pay close attention to how they set out to shape our ‘genetic future’.
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Johansen, Maria. "“THIS IS THE TIME. AND THIS IS THE RECORD OF THE TIME”". K&K - Kultur og Klasse 38, n.º 110 (29 de diciembre de 2010): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v38i110.15773.
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THIS IS THE TIME. AND THIS IS THE RECORD OF TIMEToday’s extensive use of databases for storing identifying biometric and genetic information raises several questions on the relations between bodies, tech nology, information, power, human rights and personal integrity. While an individualistic understanding of the human being is inadequate as a way of approaching this complex of problems, we are also confronted with the challenge not to dissolve the subject, thus overlooking the fragility of our condition and the ways in which our bodies are being encroached. The present article attempts to meet this double challenge.Starting with the short story Fantomina: or Love in a Maze, written by Eliza Haywood during the early 18th century, and with a discussion on some relations between fiction, power and surveillance, the article investigates contemporary ways in which bodies are being inscribed in laws and captured in the trap of scription when used as proofs of identity. The article analyzes questions of identification in their historical complexity, as well as the patterns that are played out by powers of recording, operating with some continuity over the past centuries.It is also suggested that so-called bodily freedoms and rights, as well as integrity, could gain in critical significance by considering the “betweenness” – the inter-est of Hannah Arendt – and the ways in which our existence presupposes the other (understood as both the world and the others conditioning us). Opposing the individualistic tradition, the law understood as a boundary does not, thus, enclose independent individuals in sovereign possession of themselves beyond time and space; instead, the boundary gains its significance in relation to an opaque who in continuous becoming.
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Suddendorf, Thomas, Donna Rose Addis y Michael C. Corballis. "Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, n.º 1521 (12 de mayo de 2009): 1317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0301.
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Episodic memory, enabling conscious recollection of past episodes, can be distinguished from semantic memory, which stores enduring facts about the world. Episodic memory shares a core neural network with the simulation of future episodes, enabling mental time travel into both the past and the future. The notion that there might be something distinctly human about mental time travel has provoked ingenious attempts to demonstrate episodic memory or future simulation in non-human animals, but we argue that they have not yet established a capacity comparable to the human faculty. The evolution of the capacity to simulate possible future events, based on episodic memory, enhanced fitness by enabling action in preparation of different possible scenarios that increased present or future survival and reproduction chances. Human language may have evolved in the first instance for the sharing of past and planned future events, and, indeed, fictional ones, further enhancing fitness in social settings.
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Brooke, M. H. "Fiction: Human errors". Neurology 65, n.º 5 (12 de septiembre de 2005): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000175076.13759.94.
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Drux, Rudolf. "Vom Leben aus der Retorte". Rhetorik 37, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhet.2018.004.
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Abstract Since 1987, the year of birth of the first child conceived outside the womb, experiments with human life have been leading to an intense public debate about the benefits, chances and risks of research in reproductive medicine. For what had formerly existed in fictional worlds only, be it the alchemical mind game, the homunculus- recipe of Paracelsus or the breeding centre of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, was now happening in reality. With in vitro fertilization becoming a feasible alternative to creating offspring, the literary forms of representation for those technologies changed, too. This will be analysed in three exemplary 1980s novels with regard to topical focus, modifications in genre poetics and specific rhetoricity. It becomes apparent that in the age of human reproductive technology, the old motif of life from the lab has long lost its fictitious status and now manifests itself in diverse, sometimes bizarre ways as a part of social reality. As a result, authors now focus on the specific ethical and social problems of reproductive medicine. However, for fictional elaboration and rhetorical ornamentation of dystopias, bio-genetics and nanotechnology are mostly consulted because these sciences offer means of seemingly creating perfected and custom-made descendants.
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KORR, HUBERT y CHRISTOPH SCHMITZ. "Facts and Fictions Regarding Post-natal Neurogenesis in the Developing Human Cerebral Cortex". Journal of Theoretical Biology 200, n.º 3 (octubre de 1999): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1999.0992.
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Prus, Elena. "Artistic Anthropology from the Perspective of Transhumanist Ethics". Intertext, n.º 1/2 (57/58) (octubre de 2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2021.1.04.
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Japanese-born British Kazuo Ishiguro is a fiction writer rewarded with the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2017, whose polymorph opera is appreciated for the literary quality of books. The memory, the identity, the nostalgia, the self-illusion and the capacity of individual to overpass own limits are topics constituting Ishiguro personal brand. The literary approach was often an anticipation of ontological realities, a view of the future. Never Let Me Go (2005) is a novel about the ethics matters arisen by the problem of cloning bioengineering in formulas of artistic anthropology. The novel was catalogued differently: as dystopic story with fantastic elements about an alternative universe created by the genetic engineering and as a love story disguised in alternative story. Inscribing in the bloodline of Huxley, the innovation of Ishiguro consisted in the fact that he has represented “the cloning kitchen” from a totally different perspective than that of previous novelists – the one of cloned beings, whose true mission is to become living donors of organs for transplantation. There is however in this tensioned atmosphere human elements: the pupils practice arts and fell in love, proving a sensitive capacity of the soul. The artistic conflict consist in the confrontation between humanists and representatives of medical industry, the last taking the control. Ishiguro’s novels do not give solutions, “the clones’ nation” does not try to protest or to escape. The global matters the novel arises inscribes in treating the science as a continuation of the metaphysics, as updating of the spirit by transforming experimentally the living, as delegation of the moral.
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Zubov, Artem A. "Mutual Adaptation as a Guarantee of the Future: Octavia Butler’s Works". Literature of the Americas, n.º 13 (2022): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-13-295-313.
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The article investigates works by Octavia E. Butler (1947 –2006), an African-American writer who had a significant impact on the development of science fiction in the USA and the world. The paper provides an overview of Butler’s works and reveals the relationship between the problems and language / style of her prose, the latter being determined by the former. The first part of the paper examines the main topics of Butler’s works and focuses on the problem of survival. Being a disappearing minority, Butler’s heroines are usually isolated from others and, consequently, in order to survive they have to adapt to the circumstances, since resistance is impossible. However, for Butler the survival of an individual is less important than the preservation of the humankind. For Butler’s heroines it is the reproduction of the genetic and/or cultural memory of mankind that make the future possible and guarantee the survival. In the second part of the paper Butler’s works are analyzed in the context of Afrofuturism and it is pointed out that although Butler has much in common with other representatives of this movement, she deals with the projects for building an ideal society in a different way: Butler is skeptical about utopia as a project of a conflict-free society. The final part of the paper examines Butler’s language and style, noting that for her language serves as an impersonal, objective tool of analysis of human behavior. A special attention is paid to Butler’s latest novel Fledgling (2005), in which language serves both as a tool for expression and a topical issue.
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Norris, Margot. "The Human Animal in Fiction". Parallax 12, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13534640500448684.
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Thiboutot, Christian. "Kieslowski, fiction, and human science." Humanistic Psychologist 44, n.º 4 (2016): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/hum0000037.
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Abbas, Abbas. "THE REALITY OF AMERICAN NATION SLAVERY IN THE NOVEL INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF A SLAVE GIRL BY HARRIET ANN JACOBS". JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA 8, n.º 1 (22 de mayo de 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/jib.v8i1.9672.
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This article discusses the social facts experienced by Americans in literature, especially novel. Literary work as a social documentation imagined by the author is a reflection of the values of a nation or ethnicity. The main objective of research is to trace the reality of slavery that occurred in America as a social fact in literary works. This research is useful in strengthening the sociological aspects of literary works as well as proving that literary works save a social reality at the time so that readers are able to judge literary works not merely as fiction, but also as social documentation. The writer in this study uses one of the literary research methods, namely Genetic Structuralism Approach. This method emphasizes three main aspects, namely literary work, the background of the author's life, and social reality. Novel Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl written by Harriet Ann Jacobs in 1858 was used as primary research data, then a number of references about the author's social background and the reality of slavery in the history of the American nation became secondary data. Primary and secondary research data obtained through literature study. Based on the results of this study found the events of slavery in the history of the American nation. Slavery was the act of white Americans forcibly employing black Negroes on the lands of plantation and agricultural also mining areas. Slavery is a valuable lesson for Americans in protecting human rights today as well as a historic lesson in building the American national spirit, namely freedom, independence, and democracy. The reality of slavery is reflected in the novel Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl as well as the life experience of its author, Harriet Ann Jacobs.
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Kaminka, Gal A., Rachel Spokoini-Stern, Yaniv Amir, Noa Agmon y Ido Bachelet. "Molecular Robots Obeying Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics". Artificial Life 23, n.º 3 (agosto de 2017): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00235.
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Asimov's three laws of robotics, which were shaped in the literary work of Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) and others, define a crucial code of behavior that fictional autonomous robots must obey as a condition for their integration into human society. While, general implementation of these laws in robots is widely considered impractical, limited-scope versions have been demonstrated and have proven useful in spurring scientific debate on aspects of safety and autonomy in robots and intelligent systems. In this work, we use Asimov's laws to examine these notions in molecular robots fabricated from DNA origami. We successfully programmed these robots to obey, by means of interactions between individual robots in a large population, an appropriately scoped variant of Asimov's laws, and even emulate the key scenario from Asimov's story “Runaround,” in which a fictional robot gets into trouble despite adhering to the laws. Our findings show that abstract, complex notions can be encoded and implemented at the molecular scale, when we understand robots on this scale on the basis of their interactions.
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Halft, Stefan. "Clones as Epistemic Objects". Contributions to the History of Concepts 9, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2014): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2014.090205.
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The creation of life has always spurred literary and cinematic productivity. Due to scientific progress in the fields of microbiology and genetics, countless novels and films today reflect the idea of human cloning more than other ideas. While the clone is often seen as the epitome of the posthuman, contemporary texts and films tend to modify the concept and (re)humanize the clone. It can be said that fictional literature and films play a pivotal role in the construction, modification, and circulation of concepts. Based on a cognitive linguistic concept of concept, the clone will be analyzed as an epistemic object. Focusing on conceptual processes of the configuration of knowledge, this article will show how the process of conceptualization works in literary texts and films and describe the techniques by which categories and concepts are constantly modified. Thus, it will be argued that literature and film play an active part in shaping a society's stock of knowledge.
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MURRAY, MICHAEL F. "Consumer Genetics: Science or Fiction?" Internal Medicine News 43, n.º 14 (septiembre de 2010): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(10)70754-x.
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Salmon, Catherine y Don Symons. "Slash fiction and human mating psychology". Journal of Sex Research 41, n.º 1 (febrero de 2004): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552217.
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Mirenayat, Sayyed Ali, Ida Baizura Bahar, Rosli Talif y Manimangai Mani. "Beyond Human Boundaries: Variations of Human Transformation in Science Fiction". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2017): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0704.04.
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Science Fiction is a literary genre of technological changes in human and his life; and is full of imaginative and futuristic concepts and ideas. One of the most significant aspects of Science Fiction is human transformation. This paper will present, firstly, an overview on the history of Science Fiction and some of the most significant sci-fi stories, and will also explore the elements of human transformation in them. Later, it will explain the term of transhumanism as a movement which follows several transformation goals to reach immortality and superiority of human through advanced technology. Next, the views by a number of prominent transhumanists will be outlined and discussed. Finally, three main steps of transhumanism, namely transhuman, posthuman, and cyborg, will be described in details through notable scholars’ views in which transhuman will be defined as a transcended version of human, posthuman as a less or non-biological being, and cyborg as a machine human. In total, this is a conceptual paper on an emerging trend in literary theory development which aims to engage critically in an overview of the transformative process of human by technology in Science Fiction beyond its current status.
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Wong, Jason Shun. "Design and fiction". Interactions 25, n.º 6 (25 de octubre de 2018): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3274568.
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Sterling, Bruce. "COVER STORYDesign fiction". Interactions 16, n.º 3 (mayo de 2009): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1516016.1516021.
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Keshavjee, Shaf. "Human organ repair centers: Fact or fiction?" JTCVS Open 3 (septiembre de 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xjon.2020.05.001.
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Rao, E. M. "Human Resource Management Fact, Fiction and Fallacy". Paradigm 2, n.º 1 (julio de 1998): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890719980103.
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HRM took its birth in the precincts of Harvard Business School in the early 80s as an offshoot of organisational behaviour. It propagates unitarism, individualism, strong cultures, teamwork, flexibility, commitment and the take-over of personnel function by line managers, and seeks to present a revolutionary recipe with a ‘cure-all’ flavour. HRM influenced employers, academics and students in varying degrees. The undue emphasis of OB theory and deemphasis of personnel/IR practice led to a host of dysfunctional consequences. Upcoming managers are the worst hit in terms of translating their knowledge into skills required to handle complex problems lying in store for them. The shallowness of HR assumptions, the inherent contradictions among its concepts and the wide gulf between its precept and practice-all these have reduced it to ‘fiction.’