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1
Tang, Shiu-wai. "Reproduction has never been natural the social construction of reproduction in the age of new reproductive technologies /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22331888.
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Alghrani, Amel. "Human reproduction : regulating the third phase". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495743.
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Human reproduction has been aptly split into three distinct eras. The first of these is when sexual intercourse results in conception, followed by pregnancy and childbirth. The second era of human reproduction occurs via in vitro fertilisation (IVF), whereby the foetus is fertilised outside the woman, but is later implanted into a female host where it is gestated until birth. In the third phase, the foetus is fertilised and gestated entirely in vitro, outside the female host and in an artificial womb/incubator (ectogenesis). Reproductive technologies are marked by the rapidity in which they develop, and as the reproductive revolution shows no sign of relenting, science may be about to propel us into this third wave of reproduction.
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Wilson, Poe Emma. "Vitrification of day 5/6 human morulas/blastocysts: A 10 year retrospective study in a private assisted reproductive techniques [ART] clinic". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96876.
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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was designed to retrospectively evaluate the established embryo vitrification/warming programme currently implemented at Drs Aevitas Institute for Reproductive Medicine and to look at factors that might play a role in optimizing the pregnancy outcomes thereof. Vitrification is the achievement of a “state of suspended animation” wherein molecular translational motions are arrested without structural reorganization of the liquid. In embryo vitrification it involves placement of the embryo in a very small volume of vitrification medium that must be cooled at extremely high cooling rates. The vitrification medium contains cryoprotectants to prevent any cryoinjury from occurring to the embryo. This process was initially proposed to effectively manage supernumerary embryos, but it has also provided a viable method of reducing costs for additional embryo transfers as well as the reduction of the incidence of multiple births. Patients who are at risk of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS) can also have all of their embryos vitrified in advance to reduce the likelihood of adverse clinical symptoms if a pregnancy is established. Throughout the period in which vitrification has been in practice, there have been advances in technology as well as continual research being conducted to establish whether newly suggested techniques do, in fact, optimize the outcomes of vitrification. Focus has subsequently been applied to the carrier device used for vitrification, the day on which the embryos are vitrified and stored, as well as the number of embryos transferred in each respective cycle, all to ensure the most favourable outcome. This retrospective study confirmed the use of the Cryotop® as the most viable carrier device for successful survival and pregnancy outcomes. Transfer of day 5 vitrified embryos resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates compared to day 6 vitrified embryos. Results also indicated that the number of embryos transferred does indeed have a significant effect on the pregnancy outcome and consequently we can possibly argue against the implementation of single embryo transfer in the vitrification programme. Investigation into the effect of female age, specifically oocyte age, on each of these categories indicated that reduced age can be associated with optimal outcomes; however this could not be proven statistically in this cohort of patients. To further look at optimization of the vitrification/warming programme, a Literature Survey was conducted to ascertain the results after Assisted Hatching in frozen/warmed human embryos. Assisted Hatching has been proposed as a solution to Zona Pellucida hardening, which has been found to occur during vitrification. The need for further studies and a meta-analysis of the literature is confidently proposed, as well as a Prospective Study to evaluate the effect of Laser Assisted Hatching in the human blastocyst vitrification/warming programme at Drs Aevitas Institute for Reproductive Medicine.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ontwerp om die gevestigde embrio vitrifikasie/ontdooi program by Drs Aevitas Instituut vir Reproduktiewe Medisyne, retrospektief te evalueer en die faktore te optimaliseer wat swangerskap uitkomste kan beïnvloed. Vitrifikasie is die proses waardeur die molekulere aktiwiteit binne die embrio in ‘n staat van arres gehou word sonder om die strukture binne die sitplasma te versteur. Dit behels die plasing van ʼn embrio in 'n klein hoeveelheid vitrifikasie medium wat teen 'n hoë tempo afgekoel word. Die vitrifikasie medium bevat kriobeskermmiddels wat die embrio tydens die vitrifikasie proses teen moontlike skade beskerm. Hierdie proses is aanvanklik voorgestel om oortollige embrio’s doeltreffend te bestuur. Dit bied ʼn koste effektiewe metode vir embrio terugplasing, en verlaag die insidensie van veelvoudige swangerskap. Vitrifikasie bied pasiënte met ʼn hoë risiko vir ovariale hiperstimulasiesindroom (OHSS) ‘n alternatief om nadelige kliniese simptome te vermy indien ʼn swangerskap bereik word. Tegnologiese vordering en voortdurende navorsing ondersoek voortdurend nuwe tegnieke vitrifikasie uitkomste te optimaliseer. Fokus word geplaas op die draertoestel wat gebruik word vir vitrifikasie, die dag waarop die embrio's gevitrifiseer en gestoor word, sowel as die aantal embrio’s wat met elke vitrifikasie siklus teruggeplaas word. Hierdie retrospektiewe studie het bevestig dat die gebruik van die Cryotop® die mees suksesvolle toestel vir oorlewing en swangerskap uitkomste is. Die terugplasing van dag 5 gevitrifiseerde embrios het beduidende hoër swangerskapsyfers as dag 6 embrios tot gevolg gehad. Die resultate het ook aangedui dat die aantal embrio's wat teruggeplaas word 'n beduidende uitwerking op die swangerskapsyfer het. Daar kan dus moontlik teen die implementering van 'n enkel embrio-terugplasing neiging in die vitrifikasie program geargumenteer word. Resultate het ook getoon dat optimale uitkomste verwant is aan ʼn laer oösiet ouderdom, alhoewel dit nie in die groep pasiente statisties bewys kon word nie. 'n Literatuurstudie oor AH (Assisted Hatching) op gevitrifiseerde/ontdooide menslike embrio’s is uitgevoer om die vitrifikasie/ontdooi program verder te optimaliseer. AH bied ‘n oplossing vir Zona pellucida verharding, wat tydens vitrifikasie plaasvind. Verdere studies, 'n meta-analise van die literatuur, sowel as 'n prospektiewe studie om die effek van laser AH in gevitrifiseerde/ontdooide menslike blastosiste by Drs Aevitas Instituut vir reproduktiewe medisyne te evalueer, word voorgestel.
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Fasano, Giovanna. "Contribution of vitrification to human assisted reproduction". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209484.
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La cryopréservation, dans le domaine de la reproduction médicalement assistée, constitue depuis de nombreuses années une branche suscitant beaucoup d’intérêts et d’espoirs. En effet, de nombreuses équipes de recherche se sont attelées à mettre au point et à améliorer des protocoles permettant de conserver les gamètes, les embryons et les tissus reproducteurs.Malgré le fait que la cryopréservation soit une technique très attractive, elle peut avoir des effets délétères sur les cellules. Les protocoles expérimentaux visent donc à minimiser ces effets afin d’augmenter la survie et la compétence cellulaire après décongélation.
Les deux méthodes les plus utilisées, la congélation lente et la vitrification, présentent chacune des avantages et des inconvénients. En effet, la première ne permet pas d’éliminer la cristallisation intracellulaire. Quant à la seconde, elle empêche la formation de cristaux de glace mais pourrait provoquer une toxicité due à la forte concentration des cryoprotecteurs.
Cette thèse de doctorat propose plusieurs objectifs :
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Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kadva, Aban. "Melatonin and LH pulsatility in human reproduction". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272564.
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Orrmalm, Auran Alex. "Från pre-human till post-human : Embryots reproduktiva status i skärningspunkten mellan stat och medicin". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19571.
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The aim of the thesis is twofold: the first aim is to identify a number of reproductive logics that are used to construct Swedish regulation of embryo donation for reproductive use as either ethical or unethical in the governmental – and medical discussions – and to examine how these logics are interconnected with notions of gender and parenthood. The second aim is to identify a number of tensions that arise in the application of the governmental ethical logic on the embryo and embryo donation and discuss how these tensions can be solved with a feminist material approach. I argue that the terminology used to distinguish between genetic, biological, social and legal parenthood in my material is insufficient for understanding the value of the embryo outside its pre-human status. I therefore argue for an embryonic feminist bioethics that is attentive to the embryos post-human status, and for a reformulation of the parenthood terminology in line with what I call „reproductive ties‟.
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Wilkinson, Anne. "Genentic techniques in human reproduction : the ethical implications". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421360.
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Reece, C. "Aspects of reproduction in the European rabbit (O. cuniculus) L". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355356.
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Roberts, A. C. "The neurendocrine basis of seasonal reproduction in the Syrian hamster". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372300.
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Cornet, Bartolomé David. "Molecular determinants of human oocyte quality in assisted reproduction". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667566.
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Infertility, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sex, is a disease that affects 1 in 9 couples of reproductive age worldwide. Most of these couples will only achieve pregnancy through assisted reproduction techniques. In recent decades, many improvements have been made in this field, but no method has been able to achieve 100% success. There are many variables that could affect the outcome of assisted reproduction cycles, one of the most important is the quality of the woman's oocytes. Maternal age is the most important factor affecting women’s ability to conceive and give birth, since female reproductive aging is associated with reduced oocyte quality; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. It is also well established that as woman age increases, her ovarian reserve diminishes. However, the role of ovarian reserve in the decline of oocyte quality with age is currently unknown.
The developmental competence of an oocyte is its ability to sustain embryonic development until embryonic genome activation. It is determined by the transcripts (coding and non-coding RNAs) accumulated during oocyte maturation. The lack of transcription during final oocyte maturation suggests that regulation of the genes involved in this process occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Among the possible mechanisms, alternative splicing (AS) of the messenger RNA could be involved. Studying oocyte gene expression and the spliced mRNA isoforms might provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms driving early development, and might be a source of potential biomarkers of oocyte quality.
The main objective of this thesis is to explore new possibilities for the identification of oocyte quality biomarkers at the molecular level in order to better understand the oocyte and how its developmental competence can be improved. For this, the results of oocytes from women with different age and ovarian reserve have been compared. In addition, to identify non-invasive biomarkers for oocyte developmental competence, the evaluation of the association between the expression analysis of different aging markers in human cumulus cells (CCs), the age and ovarian reserve and the oocyte maturation rates was conducted. Finally, because many of the oocytes used were vitrified, the effect of vitrification on oocyte developmental competence was analysed by comparing the reproductive outcomes of fresh and vitrified oocytes from the same stimulation cycle.
The results suggest an important role for ncRNAs and alternative splicing in human oocyte biology. Age and ovarian reserve have been shown to independently affect the ncRNAs transcriptome of in vivo matured oocytes. These results might provide valuable information for the search of oocyte quality markers, and for the (re)interpretation of existing dataset. On the other hand, differences in transcribed splicing variants can also provide biomarkers of oocyte quality, since the profile of confirmed AS events could determine the specific transcriptome of the mature oocyte.
The expression of common somatic aging markers in CCs didn’t show a clear correlation between the analysed genes and age, suggesting that CCs of reproductively old women do not present the typical transcriptome of aged tissues. In addition, when looking at future clinical applications, these markers have not been found useful for the development of non-invasive markers for oocyte developmental competence, since no correlation was observed either with the ovarian reserve or the oocyte maturation rates.
Finally, this study showed that oocyte vitrification per se maintained the developmental potential of human oocytes within a reasonable biological range, clinically comparable to fresh oocytes. As a consequence, we established that the main reason for the reported lower clinical results in vitrified cycles has to be attributed to the loss of oocytes during the warming step. This has important repercussions in the clinical practice, as measures can be easily put in place to offset oocyte loss.La competencia de desarrollo ovocitaria se define como la capacidad del ovocito para mantener el desarrollo embrionario hasta que el embrión activa su propio genoma. Está determinada por los transcritos (ARN codificantes y no codificantes) acumulados durante la maduración de los ovocitos. La falta de transcripción durante la maduración final de los ovocitos sugiere que la regulación de los genes involucrados en este proceso ocurre a nivel postranscripcional. Entre los posibles mecanismos, el “splicing alternativo” del ARN mensajero, podría estar involucrado. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es explorar nuevas posibilidades para la identificación de biomarcadores de calidad de ovocitos a nivel molecular con el fin de comprender mejor el ovocito y cómo se puede mejorar su competencia de desarrollo. Además, para identificar biomarcadores no invasivos de la competencia de desarrollo de ovocitos, se ha evaluado la expresión de diferentes marcadores de envejecimiento somático en células de cúmulos humanos que rodean los ovocitos, y se ha correlacionado con la edad y la reserva ovárica de las mujeres y con las tasas de maduración de los ovocitos. Finalmente, debido a que muchos de los ovocitos utilizados estaban vitrificados, se ha analizado el efecto de la vitrificación sobre la competencia de desarrollo de los ovocitos comparando los resultados reproductivos de ovocitos frescos y vitrificados del mismo ciclo de estimulación. Los resultados sugieren que los ARNs no codificantes y el splicing alternativo representan un papel importante en el proceso de adquisición de la competencia de desarrollo en ovocitos humanos. Estos resultados pueden proporcionar información valiosa para la búsqueda de marcadores de calidad de ovocitos y para la (re)-interpretación de conjuntos de datos existentes. El estudio de la expresión de marcadores de envejecimiento somático en células de cúmulos humanos no ha mostrado una clara correlación entre los genes analizados y la edad, lo que sugiere que las células del cúmulo de mujeres de edad reproductiva avanzada no presentan el transcriptoma típico de los tejidos envejecidos. Finalmente, este estudio ha demostrado que la vitrificación de ovocitos mantiene per se el potencial de desarrollo de los ovocitos humanos dentro de un rango biológico razonable, clínicamente comparable a los ovocitos frescos.
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MacLennan, A. H. "The role of the hormone relaxin in human reproduction". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372418.
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Tang, Shiu-wai y 鄧紹偉. "Reproduction has never been natural: the social construction of reproduction in the age of new reproductivetechnologies". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225202.
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Ford, Christopher Colin. "Blinking in human communicative behaviour and its reproduction in artificial agents". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3197.
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A significant year-on-year rise in the creation and sales of personal and domestic robotic systems and the development of online embodied communicative agents (ECAs) has in parallel seen an increase in end-users from the public domain interacting with these systems. A number of these robotic/ECA systems are defined as social, whereby they are physically designed to resemble the bodily structure of a human and behaviorally designed to exist within human social surroundings. Their behavioural design is especially important with respect to communication as it is commonly stated that for any social robotic/ECA system to be truly useful within its role, it will need to be able to effectively communicate with its human users. Currently however, the act of a human user instructing a social robotic/ECA system to perform a task highlights many areas of contention in human communication understanding. Commonly, social robotic/ECA systems are embedded with either non-human-like communication interfaces or deficient imitative human communication interfaces, neither of which reach the levels of communicative interaction expected by human users, leading to communication difficulties which in turn create negative association with the social robotic/ECA system in its users. These communication issues lead to a strong requirement for the development of more effective imitative human communication behaviours within these systems. This thesis presents findings from our research into human non-verbal facial behaviour in communication. The objective of the work was to improve communication grounding between social robotic/ECA systems and their human users through the conceptual design of a computational system of human non-verbal facial behaviour (which in human-human communicative behaviour is shown to carry in the range of 55% of the intended semantic meaning of a transferred message) and the development of a highly accurate computational model of human blink behaviour and a computational model of physiological saccadic eye movement in human-human communication, enriching the human-like properties of the facial non-verbal communicative feedback expressed by the social robotic/ECA system. An enhanced level of interaction would likely be achieved, leading to increased empathic response from the user and an improved chance of a satisfactory communicative conclusion to a user’s task requirement instructions. The initial focus of the work was in the capture, transcription and analysis of common human non-verbal facial behavioural traits within human-human communication, linked to the expression of mental communicative states of understanding, uncertainty, misunderstanding and thought. Facial Non-Verbal behaviour data was collected and transcribed from twelve participants (six female) through a dialogue-based communicative interaction. A further focus was the analysis of blink co-occurrence with other traits of human-human communicative non-verbal facial behaviour and the capture of saccadic eye movement at common proxemic distances. From these data analysis tasks, the computational models of human blink behaviour and saccadic eye movement behaviour whilst listening / speaking within human-human communication were designed and then implemented within the LightHead social robotic system. Human-based studies on the perception of naïve users of the imitative probabilistic computational blink model performance on the LightHead robotic system are presented and the results discussed. The thesis concludes on the impact of the work along with suggestions for further studies towards the improvement of the important task of achieving seamless interactive communication between social robotic/ECA systems and their human users.
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Simpson, Karen Lesley. "Expression of complement regulatory proteins in human development and reproduction". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294904.
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Batty, Lynne Patricia. "Assisted Reproductive Technology: The Aotearoa/New Zealand Policy Context: A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology in the University of Canterbury". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/912.
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The focus of this thesis is the current policy situation in relation to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Aotearoa/New Zealand. I explore how government policies (and lack of policy) have shaped access to ART. I also explore the policy initiatives of funding agencies, the National Ethics Committee on Assisted Human Reproduction (NECAHR), managers, healthcare professionals, and interest groups. My investigation into ART policy issues critically examines the various formal mechanisms and policies used to regulate and control ART in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Drawing on my analysis of policy-focused documents and material from in-depth interviews with key actors in the policy debate, I demonstrate how the ad hoc and contingent approach to ART developments, practices, funding, and access has contributed to inconsistent and inequitable access to ART services. I argue that the lack of an ART-specific policy organisation contributes to fragmented, and possibly discriminatory, policy decisions. I examine how the use of restrictive access criteria to manage the increasing demand for publicly funded ART services disadvantages certain groups wishing to use these services. By investigating the influence of rationing strategies on the allocation of resources and regulation of access, I provide some appreciation of the 'messy reality' of policy creation, interpretation, and implementation. I argue that the criteria used to limit access to public ART services obscure the use of social judgements and provider discretion. Likewise, they succeed in limiting publicly funded ART treatments to those who conform most effectively to the normative definition of family. My analysis of the ART policy discourse identifies silences and gaps in relation to specific ART practices, particularly the use of ART by Maori. I highlight the invisibility and marginalisation of Maori within the ART policy debate. After examining the broader issues concerning Maori access to health services, I explore how these may affect Maori using ART services to overcome infertility. I argue that the gathering of information about the utilisation of ART services is crucial for the accurate identification of the needs of Maori. It is also fundamental for effective monitoring of state health policy decisions and outcomes.
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Manners, Carole V. "Endometrial proteins and uterine receptivity during human and mouse embryo implantation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386172.
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Kuhanen, Jan. "Poverty, health, and reproduction in early colonial Uganda /". Joensuu : Joensuun yliopisto/Faculty of Humanities, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0601/2005419946.html.
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Lindgren, Karin E. "The Histidine-rich Glycoprotein in Reproduction". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300769.
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Infertility affects 15% of reproductive-aged couples. The milieu surrounding the growing embryo is of outmost importance, and should be optimised during in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Many biological processes, such as angiogenesis, coagulation, and immune processes need to be well regulated for a pregnancy to occur and progress normally. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a plasma protein that regulates components of these systems by building complexes with various ligands. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in HRG, denoted HRG C633T, seem to be of importance for IVF treatment outcomes. The aim of this thesis was to further investigate the proposed human fertility effects of the HRG C633T SNP. According to the findings of this thesis, the HRG C633T genotype is associated with primary recurrent miscarriage. Male HRG C633T genotype is associated with semen characteristics in infertile men, and pregnancy rates following IVF. However, the distribution of the HRG C633T SNP does not differ between infertile and fertile couples. We further examined the role of the region surrounding the HRG C633T SNP for regulation of endometrial angiogenesis and human embryo development. The region affects primary endometrial endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube-formation in vitro but does not appear to affect human embryo development. No effect of the HRG peptide was noted on the secretome of human embryos. However, early embryos secrete proteins into the surrounding culture media and the level of secretion of VEGF-A, IL-6, EMMPRIN and PlGF is greater in embryos of higher developmental stages. In conclusion, the HRG C633T genotype appears to play a role only if infertility is established. The region surrounding HRG C633T SNP is of relevance in vitro for regulation of human endometrial endothelial cell angiogenesis. To predict which embryos to transfer in IVF, we have highlighted a number of proteins of interest for further investigation.
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Ellender, Stacey. "Assisted reproduction defining and evaluating the multiple outcomes of technologically advanced interventions /". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3193097.
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Pillsworth, Elizabeth Grace. "Long-term romantic partner choice and sexual strategies in human evolution studies conducted in the United States and Ecuador /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679375151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sicchieri, Fernanda. "Comparação de dois meios para a criopreservação de sêmen quanto aos efeitos da suplementação lipídica e a ação antioxidante na viabilidade espermática em homens com parâmetros seminais alterados: estudo clínico randomizado". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-15012019-101854/.
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OBJETIVO: Comparar dois meios de congelamento para sêmen: o comercialmente disponível Meio de Congelamento TEST Yolk Buffer-Irvine Scientific - USA (TYB) e o crioprotetor sintético suplementado com fosfatidilcolina (PC) e antioxidante L-acetil-carnitina (ANTIOXPC - delineado pela Invitra Tecnologia de Reprodução Assistida - Brasil) em relação a motilidade progressiva (PR) e índice de fragmentação do DNA (IFD) em amostras de sêmen obtidas de homens com parâmetros seminais alterados. DESENHO: Ensaio clínico de nãoinferioridade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas amostras de sêmen com parâmetros seminais alterados (astenozoospermia) de 58 voluntários no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. As amostras de sêmen foram submetidas à análise antes e após a criopreservação. A motilidade dos espermatozoides foi avaliada pelo espermograma e a fragmentação do DNA espermático foi analisada pela técnica transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Antes da criopreservação, todas as amostras de sêmen foram divididas e randomizadas para receber os crioprotetores TYB ou ANTIOX-PC, congelados no período mínimo de 30 dias e descongelados. Uma análise exploratória dos dados foi realizada através de medidas de posição central e dispersão. O teste t pareado foi usado para comparar os grupos. Comparações entre os dois meios, ANTIOX-PC e TYB, e sêmen fresco foram realizadas através de contrastes ortogonais, utilizando o modelo de regressão linear de efeitos mistos. Este modelo foi implementado no programa SAS 9.3 considerando o PROC MIXED. RESULTADOS: A motilidade PR (P = 0,78) e o IFD (P = 0,06) não foram diferentes quando comparados os meios ANTIOX-PC (12,40 ± 11,49 e 13,33 ± 10,54) e o TYB (12,09 ± 11,11 e15,83 ± 11,04), respectivamente. Esses dados mostraram que o crioprotetor sintético delineado não foi inferior na proteção dos espermatozoides comparado com o meio TYB. Além disso, o ANTIOX-PC reteve taxas mais altas de motilidade total43,36 ± 26,77) do que o TYB (34,79 ± 22,86; P <0,0001) e reduziu significativamente as taxas de espermatozoides imóveis (56,64 ± 26,77; P <0,0001) em relação ao TYB (65.00 ± 23.00).CONCLUSÃO: O meio ANTIOX-PC não pode ser considerado menos efetivo que o TYB em relação à motilidade PR e ao IFD. Parâmetros cinéticos observados em espermatozoides pósdescongelamento do diluente ANTIOX-PC demonstraram o impacto positivo do tratamento com fosfolipídios/antioxidantes na criotolerância espermática humana na ausência de aditivos animais.OBJECTIVE: To compare two sperm freezing media: commercially available Freezing Medium TEST Yolk Buffer-Irvine Scientific - USA (TYB) and a synthetic cryoprotectant supplemented with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and antioxidante L-acetyl-carnitine (ANTIOXPC - designed by Invitra Assisted Reproduction Technology - Brazil) in relation to progressive motility and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in sêmen samples obtained from men with altered seminal parameters. DESIGN: Non-inferiority clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were included semen samples with altered seminal parameters (asthenospermia) from 58 volunteers at the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Semen samples were subjected to analysis both before and after cryopreservation. The sperm motility was evaluated by the spermogram and the sperm DNA fragmentation was analyzed by the transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling technique (TUNEL). Before cryopreservation, all semen samples were divided and randomized to receive the cryoprotectants TYB or ANTIOX-PC, frozen and thawed after 30 days. An exploratory data analysis was carried out through measures of central position and dispersion. The paired t-test was used to compare the groups. Comparisons between the two media ANTIOX-PC and TYB, and fresh semen were performed through orthogonal contrasts using the mixed effects linear regression model. This model was implemented in the SAS 9.3 program considering PROC MIXED. RESULTS: Progressive motility (P = 0.78) and DFI (P = 0.06) were not different when comparing ANTIOX-PC (12.40 ± 11.49; and 13,33 ± 10.54) and TYB (12.09 ± 11.11 and 15.83 ± 11.04), respectively. These data showed that the synthetic cryoprotectant designed was not inferior in sperm protection compared to the TYB medium. In addition, ANTIOX-PC retained higher rates of overall motility (43.36 ± 26.77)than TYB (34.79 ± 22.86; P<0,0001) and significantly reduced the immotile sperm rates (56.64 ± 26.77; P<0,0001) when compared with TYB (65.00 ± 23.00). CONCLUSION: ANTIOX-PC medium can not be considered less effective than TYB relative to progressive motility and IFD. Kinetic parameters observed in post-thaw sperm from ANTIOX-PC extender demonstrated the positive impact of the phospholipid/antioxidant treatment on human sperm cryotolerance in the absence of animal aditives.
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Silva, Aline Bomfim. "Criopreservação de sêmen humano em meio Test Yolk Buffer ou meio sintético suplementado com fosfolipídio e antioxidante: ensaio clínico controlado". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-23032018-121409/.
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OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia de um meio de criopreservação sintético para sêmen humano contendo fosfolipídios e antioxidantes (ANTIOX-PL, Invitra/Supera Parque de Inovação e Tecnologia de Ribeirão Preto) em comparação com o meio convencional à base de gema de ovo (TEST-yolk buffer, Irvine Scientific), mensurada pelos parâmetros in vitro de motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides e índice de fragmentação do DNA espermático. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico de não-inferioridade. Foram recrutados 63 homens (julho de 2015 a outubro de 2016), com idade entre 18 a 50 anos, amostra seminal com volume >= 1,5 mL, concentração de espermatozoides >= 15 x 106/mL e motilidade progressiva >= 32%. O sêmen foi dividido em duas alíquotas com volumes iguais, randomizadas aleatoriamente nos grupos estudo (ANTIOX-PC) e controle (TEST-yolk buffer) para receberem os meios de criopreservação. A avaliação dos desfechos foi cega para atribuição de grupo, verificados antes do congelamento e após o descongelamento. Os dados foram comparados pelo teste t pareado pelo SAS versão 9.3; ?=0,05. RESULTADOS: A motilidade progressiva (p=0.83) e o índice de fragmentação do DNA (p=0.32) analisados nas amostras de sêmen congeladas com o meio A (ANTIOXPL) não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação às que foram congeladas com o meio B (TEST-yolk buffer). A concentração (p=0.02), a concentração total (p=0.02), o percentual de espermatozoides I (p<0.01) e a vitalidade (p<0.01) foram superiores nas amostras congeladas com o meio B (TEST-yolk buffer). A motilidade não progressiva (p<0.01) e a motilidade total (p<0.01) foram superiores nas amostras congeladas com o meio A (ANTIOX-PC). E a morfologia (p=0.07) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os meios de criopreservação. CONCLUSÕES: Em relação aos desfechos primários analisados, motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides e índice de fragmentação do DNA espermático, a nova formulação proposta neste projeto de pesquisa, ANTIOX-PC, mostrou-se não inferior ao meio convencional, TEST-yolk buffer.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a synthetic cryopreservation medium for human semen containing phospholipids and antioxidants (ANTIOX-PC, Invitra / Supera Parque de Inovação e Tecnologia de Ribeirão Preto) compared to conventional egg yolk medium (TEST-yolk buffer, Irvine Scientific), measured by the in vitro parameters of progressive sperm motility and sperm DNA fragmentation index. METHODS: Non-inferiority clinical trial. 63 men (July 2015 to October 2016), aged 18 to 50 years, seminal sample with volume >= 1,5 mL, spermatozoa >= 15 x 106/mL and progressive motility >= 32% were recruited. The semen was divided into two aliquots with equal volumes, randomly randomized in the study (ANTIOX-PC) and control (TEST-yolk buffer) groups to receive cryopreservation media. The evaluation of the outcomes was blind to group assignment, verified before freezing and after thawing. The data were compared by the t-test paired by SAS version 9.3; ? = 0.05. RESULTS: Progressive motility (p=0.83) and DNA fragmentation index (p=0.32) analyzed in the semen samples frozen with medium A (ANTIOX-PL) showed no significant difference in relation to those frozen with the medium B (TEST-yolk buffer). The concentration (p=0.02), the total concentration (p=0.02), the percentage of immobile spermatozoa (p<0.01) and vitality (p<0.01) were higher in the samples frozen with medium B TEST-yolk buffer). Nonprogressive motility (p<0.01) and total motility (p <0.01) were higher in samples frozen with medium A (ANTIOX-PC). And the morphology (p=0.07) showed no significant difference between the cryopreservation media. CONCLUSIONS: The new formulation proposed in this research project, ANTIOX-PC, was not inferior to the conventional medium, TEST-yolk buffer, in relation to the primary endpoints analyzed, sperm motile spermatozoa and sperm DNA fragmentation index.
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Stelmach, Aleksandra. "Field-making and sense-making : foetal programming, risk and human reproduction". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52697/.
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Hales, J. M. "Studies on the introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt with particular reference to reproduction". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372820.
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Tinnerholm, Ljungberg Helena. "Omöjliga familjen : Ideologi och fantasi i svensk reproduktionspolitik". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-122219.
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The relationship between the state and the people is a central theme in political theory. Discussions in this field have often centered on how a people can come to constitute a state. Less attention, however, has been directed toward the state’s role in constituting and recreating its people. This book examines the Swedish state’s role in forming the people by regulating the use of reproductive techniques: insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and donations of sperm and eggs. The study focuses on how the issue of assisted reproduction was handled and problematized in Swedish policymaking between 1981 and 2005. What problem representations dominated the political debates and decision-making processes surrounding assisted reproduction? How was conflict expressed within the field of reproductive politics (i.e., what aspects caused conflict or political disagreement)? How did collective fantasies play into the political treatment of reproductive technologies? Using historical government and Riksdag material, four major policy debates have been analyzed, from the first legal regulation of assisted reproduction in Sweden in the 1980s up until the inclusion of lesbian couples as beneficiaries of gamete donation. Theoretically, the study is inspired by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s political discourse theory, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and the “logics approach” developed by Jason Glynos and David Howarth. This combination of perspectives allows for a dual focus on both the form of political articulations and their affective force. Thus, the analysis tries to capture what was taken for granted within the discourse on reproduction (social logics), what arose as points of political conflict or contention (political logics), as well as the affective underpinnings of these social constructions and struggles (fantasmatic logics). The main result of the study is that even though the period saw a quite revolutionary development of new reproductive technologies, the reproduction policies under study took on much more moderate and hesitant character. Throughout the analyzed period there was a more or less consensual view that new reproductive technologies should only be allowed if they did not go against the “child’s best interest.” At the same time, there was significant political conflict over what constituted this interest. Moreover, the reforms that were made never fully embraced the radical implications of the new technologies. Rather, they clung on to previously established patterns of what a “real” family looked like. Thus, every move to allow a new technology or include another category of people as legitimate users of that technology was contingent upon the articulation of a discursive equivalence with previously naturalized methods of reproduction, ultimately taking the heterosexual, nuclear family as an implicit model. Finally, I argue that the production of “sense” in this terrain of radical undecidability was dependent on the mobilization of a series of collective fantasies about “natural life processes,” “nature’s imperfections,” “a humanist view of mankind,” “the stable, original nuclear family”, and so on.
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Briedis, Hassanah 1947. "The language of reproductionthe worm and the womb in William Blake's virgins, harlots and "breeding women", 1789-1794 : a Hallidayan discourse analysis /". Monash University, English Dept, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7819.
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Briedis, Hassanah 1947. "The language of reproduction : the worm and the womb in William Blake's virgins, harlots and "breeding women", 1789-1794 : a Hallidayan discourse analysis". Monash University, English Dept, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8255.
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Seif, Mourad W. "Progress in immuno-histochemical analysis of the endometrial cycle". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257445.
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Thanoi, Samur. "A morphometric study of human uterine tubes and bitch oviducts". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324451.
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Yasue, Eriko. "The practice and the reproduction of tourist landscapes in contemporary Japan". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/c378032a-9e53-0723-66b9-489012209ca5/48/.
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My thesis explores the ways in which Japanese landscape and modern tourism mutually constitute and influence each other. It argues that the reproduction of tourist landscapes is the dynamic relationship between place-images, discourses, and embodied practices enacted in sites. Based on a case study of Asuke, a popular destination in Japan, this research analyses the formation and the practices of tourist landscapes in the context of contemporary Japanese domestic tourism. My analysis considers tourist landscape as a social-cultural construction where shifting social values, meanings and sensibilities are inscribed. It looks at the changing ideologies of societies and the shifting interpretations of place in modern Japan. In particular, the thesis highlights the 'practice' dimension of tourist landscapes in order to investigate how constructed visibility and materiality are used and accepted by contemporary Japanese. Furthermore, I foreground the crucial role of individuals/social groups in the process of development and popularisation of the modern idea of landscape in Japan with the assistance of tourism. By using visual ethnography and interviews, the empirical study of Asuke confirms that the tourist landscape is simultaneously shaped and re-shaped both by visual and textual representations and embodied practices in actual sites. The reproduction of tourist landscapes in Asuke is intimately linked with the sense of ‘Japaneseness'. Such constructed landscapes in Asuke are repeatedly practiced by different social actors through their mobility and visibility. Furthermore, exploring the actual landscape experiences through photography reveals the fluidity of relations between different social positions - the gazer and the gazed. Through attention to the changing forms of representation of 'Japanese landscape' and practices of modern tourism, this thesis explores the potential of the modern notion of landscape to examine the social construction of difference in a non-western society.
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Tneh, Shao Heung. "Feasibility Study on Implementing IVF Hardware to Achieve Human Reproduction in Space". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76571.
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NOTARSTEFANO, VALENTINA. "Development of new molecular tools for the characterization of human Granulosa cells: new implications for the research on human infertility". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252927.
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Nella routine della riproduzione assistita, la selezione degli ovociti si basa sulle loro caratteristiche
morfologiche, nonostante la scarsa correlazione tra tali parametri e la competenza dell’ovocita. Pertanto,
la ricerca si sta concentrando sull’identificazione di marker che possano supportare l’attuale metodica di
valutazione, in particolare studiando le cellule della Granulosa (GCs), che svolgono compiti fondamentali
all’interno del microambiente del follicolo: produzione di estradiolo e progesterone, regolazione
dell’avanzamento della meiosi e dell’attività trascrizionale dell’ovocita, produzione di nutrienti essenziali
per l’ovocita, e accumulo di metaboliti secreti. Pertanto, la progressione degli step della follicologenesi
dipende strettamente dalla comunicazione bidirezionale tra ovocita e le cellule somatiche che lo
circondano.
Lo studio delle GCs ha messo in luce molti aspetti circa le funzionalità ovariche, la follicologenesi, e i
meccanismi con cui fattori endogeni ed esogeni possono alterare questi delicati processi.
In questo senso, lo scopo principale del presente PhD è stato quello di caratterizzare le GCs, applicando
per la prima volta la tecnica Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM), in modo da
sviluppare un nuovo metodo per valutare la qualità degli ovociti umani. Questo potrebbe rappresentare
uno strumento nuovo, affidabile e oggettivo per la valutazione della qualità degli ovociti nella routine
della riproduzione assistita.
Oltre al tema principale, sono state applicate le tecniche FTIRM, Raman Microspectroscopy e qPCR per
studiare i meccanismi di intaccamento del metabolismo, della composizione biochimica e dell’attività
cellulare causati da fattori endogeni ed esogeni, in particolare l’invecchiamento riproduttivo,
l’endometriosi ovarica e inquinanti plastici.
Le informazioni ottenute su queste cellule contribuiscono alla comprensione dei meccanismi di
danneggiamento della follicologenesi, tramite un approccio multidisciplinare che ha visto l’accoppiamento
di analisi spettroscopiche e qPCR. Grazie ai risultati ottenuti, è stato proposto un approccio innovativo
per l’analisi della qualità degli ovociti tramite caratteristiche spettrali delle GCs, suggerendo la possibilità
di un’applicazione dell’FTIRM come strumento diagnostico di facile utilizzo nella routine di riproduzione
assistita.In assisted reproductive routine, oocyte selection is based on its morphological features, which seem not to be related to its intrinsic competence. Hence, several efforts have been made to identify markers to be added to the actual evaluation, in particular focusing on the crucial roles of Granulosa cells (GCs) in the follicular microenvironment: production of estradiol and progesterone, regulation of the meiosis steps and the transcriptional activity in the oocyte, production of essential nutrients for the oocyte, and accumulation of secreted metabolites. Hence, the progression through the steps of folliculogenesis heavily relies upon bi-directional interactions between germ cells and the surrounding somatic cells. The study of GCs has shown to be determining to highlight particular features of ovarian mechanisms and folliculogenesis, and also to identify the endogenous and exogenous factors that can impair these delicate processes. In this sense, the main aim of the PhD project was to characterize GCs, applying for the first time Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM) to develop a method for evaluating the quality of human oocytes. This could represent a new, reliable and objective tool for oocyte quality assessment in assisted reproduction routine. Besides this main topic, the impairment induced by endogenous and exogenous factors on the biochemical composition, metabolism and cellular activity of GCs was also investigated by FTIRM, Raman Microspectroscopy and qPCR, shedding new light on the mechanisms governing folliculogenesis. In particular, the research was focused on the impairment determined by reproductive aging, ovarian endometriosis, and plastic pollutants. The information obtained on GCs contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of impairment of folliculogenesis, by a multidisciplinary approach made of spectroscopic analysis and qPCR. Thanks to the results, an innovative approach to evaluate oocyte quality by spectral features of GCs was proposed, suggesting the possibility to apply FTIRM as a clinical feasible diagnostic tool in assisted reproduction routine.
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Stephenson, Matthew. "Assessing the quality of low frequency audio reproduction in critical listening spaces". Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/28319/.
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The quality of low frequency audio reproduction in small spaces has always been problematic. For some time, methods have been suggested in order to optimise this reproduction. Many such methods have been based upon objective metrics which remain unproven from a subjective perspective. Whilst perception has been studied, this thesis identifies a research gap for more thorough testing. A series of listening tests has been conducted, with virtual rooms auralised and presented over headphones in order to isolate specific modal parameters and allow efficient collection of subjective response from many listening environments. The work presented searches for optimal values and perceptual thresholds of three parameters - modal spacing, density and decay. Results show that optimal spacings and densities may only be defined where assumptions are made which are not valid in realistic listening spaces. Thresholds of modal decay1 have been defined, which are considered valid re- gardless of stimuli or replay level. These are around 0.2 seconds for frequencies above 100Hz, and increase sharply below this point to around 0.85 seconds at 32Hz. Through the testing of these parameters, it is shown that whilst discrimination between two rooms is usually a simple task, this does not reveal the underlying repro- duction quality. The perceived quality of the room response is of great importance, and new experiments assess this quality using a paired comparison method which provides a simpler subjective task than direct scaling methods. A set of descriptors is elicited which can be used to evaluate low frequency audio. These descriptors - articulation, resonance and bass energy - are used to assess the impact of three room parameters on perceived reproduction quality. Room response metrics are also eva- luated for perceived quality. Results reveal that modal decay is a primary indicator of quality, with shorter decays producing rooms with a higher perceived quality of reproduction.
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趙志昂 y Chi-ngong Philip Chiu. "Investigation on the spermatozoa-zona binding inhibitory factors from human follicular fluid". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222407.
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Chiu, Chi-ngong Philip. "Investigation on the spermatozoa-zona binding inhibitory factors from human follicular fluid /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21415249.
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Taqi, Sarah M. A. M. "Reproduction of Observed Trajectories Using a Two-Link Robot". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308031627.
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Nieminen, Sanni. "Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Medically Assisted Reproduction in the Context of the European Convention on Human Rights : Legal and Social Perspectives". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153905.
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Mwethera, Peter Gichuhi. "Studies on monkey fertilin β : a protein active in sperm-egg recognition". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294583.
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Rossi, Andrea da Silveira. "Demanda e barreiras para o acesso a serviços de reprodução assistida de pessoas vivendo com HIV no Brasil : perspectivas de gestores, profissionais e usuários". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309017.
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Orientadores: Eliana Amaral, Maria Yolanda MakuchTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T13:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossi_AndreadaSilveira_D.pdf: 2215950 bytes, checksum: c190d83a71722140f11b48daa634163e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Objetivo: Identificar quais Serviços de Reprodução Assistida (SRA) e Serviços de Assistência Especializada em HIV e Aids (SAE) do Sistema de Saúde Pública do Brasil, que oferecem atendimento a pessoas vivendo com HIV com desejo reprodutivo e descrever as vivências, informações adquiridas e barreiras encontradas pelos gestores de programas, profissionais de saúde e usuários, relacionados a essa demanda. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal através de entrevistas telefônicas com 69 gestores dos programas de saúde da mulher (PSM) e 69 de DST/Aids, estaduais e municipais associado a estudo de casos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais e usuários soropositivos de um serviço de reprodução assistida (SRA) e um serviço de atenção especializada em HIV/Aids (SAE) por região geográfica do país. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos e análise temática do conteúdo para os dados qualitativos. Resultados: Foram realizadas 64 entrevistas com gestores dos PSM, sendo identificado apenas um SRA universitário que atendia casais soropositivos. Nas 63 entrevistas realizadas com gestores dos Programas de DST/Aids, constatou-se que 64% dos SAE estaduais e 73% dos municipais ofereciam orientação reprodutiva. As dificuldades relatadas pelos gestores para não oferecimento de apoio à reprodução incluíram falta de decisão política, de recursos humanos e financeiros. Nas entrevistas com os profissionais dos seis SAE visitados, foi observado que o foco dos atendimentos era na prevenção, principalmente através do uso do preservativo. A falta de encaminhamentos apropriados e a desatualização do conhecimento científico foram frequentes nos relatos dos profissionais dos serviços. A dificuldade em falar sobre o desejo reprodutivo nas consultas foi observada nas falas dos profissionais e também dos usuários. Para os últimos, isso esteve associado ao medo da discriminação e do preconceito. Entretanto, através da 47 entrevistas realizadas com usuários, o desejo de ter filhos foi vivenciado de maneira natural e expresso independentemente de se ter ou não parceiro fixo, mas, para aqueles que possuem parceiros fixos, o fato de não ter filhos da atual união pareceu aumentar a intenção reprodutiva. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a existência de demanda reprimida para reprodução de casais vivendo com HIV, a falta de aconselhamento reprodutivo nos SAE e de investimento em SRA que atenda a essa população, havendo um único SRA universitário no país que oferece esse tipo de atendimento. A falta de integração entre os vários setores sugere a ausência de políticas públicas voltadas para o aconselhamento reprodutivo e a necessidade de diretrizes nacionais específicas voltadas para a redução da transmissão do HIV durante todo o contexto reprodutivo
Abstract: Objective: To identify assisted reproductive services(ARS) and specialized HIV/AIDS services within the Brazilian public health system that provide care to people living with HIV who desire a child and describe the experience, the information, and the barriers encountered by program managers, healthcare professionals and users with respect to this demand. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study in which 69 women's healthcare program managers and 69 STD/AIDS program managers at both state and municipal level were interviewed by telephone, in association with a case study conducted through semistructured interviews with professionals and users of one ARS service and one HIV/AIDS service in each geographical region of the country. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and thematic content analysis of the qualitative data were performed. Results: Sixty-four interviews were conducted with women's healthcare program managers. Only one university ARS provided care to seropositive couples. Of the 63 interviews carried out with STD/AIDS program managers, 64% of the state and 73% of the municipal HIV/AIDS services were found to offer reproductive counseling. The difficulties offered by managers as reasons for not providing reproductive support included a lack of political decision and of human and financial resources. At the six HIV/AIDS services the professionals revealed that the focus of consultations was on the prevention, lack of appropriate referrals and outdated scientific knowledge were frequently reported. Difficulty in discussing reproductive issues was perceived in the interviews with the professionals and also with the users. In the latter case, this was associated with a fear of discrimination and prejudice. Nevertheless, as shown in the 47 interviews conducted with users, the desire to have a child was experienced as a natural part of life and was expressed irrespective of whether the individual had a steady partner or not; however, in the former case, the fact of not having a child with the individual's current partner appeared to increase the desire for a child. Conclusion: These findings suggest the existence of a repressed demand for reproduction of PLWHA and lack of reproductive counseling was observed at all HIV/Aids specialized services, as well as investment in ART services to be provided to HIV-positive couples, based on the finding that only one university ART service in the country offers this type of care. Lack of integration between the various sectors suggests an absence of public policies on reproductive counseling and a need for specific national guidelines aimed at reducing HIV transmission within the whole context of reproduction
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Tocoginecologia
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Hardeberg, Jon. "Acquisition et reproduction d'images couleur : approches colorimétrique et multispectrale". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005657.
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Le but de ce travail est de développer des méthodes spécifiques pour l'acquisition et la reproduction d'images numériques de très haute qualité colorimétrique. Pour parvenir à ce but, il est nécessaire de maîtriser toute la chaîne du traitement de l'information couleur. La première partie de cette étude porte plus spécifiquement sur le problème de la caractérisation colorimétrique des scanners et des imprimantes, en nous référant à un espace colorimétrique indépendant : l'espace CIELAB. L'algorithme proposé pour la caractérisation colorimétrique d'un scanner est le suivant : une mire de couleurs standardisée est d'abord numérisée, puis la réponse RVB du scanner est comparée avec les valeurs colorimétriques CIELAB de chaque échantillon de la mire. A partir de ce jeu de données, nous modélisons la réponse du scanner par une méthode de régression polynomiale d'ordre 3. Une des originalités de notre approche est d'optimiser directement dans l'espace CIELAB, sans passer par l'intermédiaire de l'espace CIEXYZ : l'erreur ainsi minimisée correspond assez bien à l'erreur visuelle. Nous avons ensuite elaboré une méthode originale pour la caractérisation colorimétrique d'une imprimante couleur. Elle met en oeuvre des techniques de géométrie algorithmique 3D permettant la conversion de tout point de couleur spécifié dans l'espace colorimétrique CIELAB, en un point dans l'espace de couleurs CMJ propre à l'imprimante. Elle prend aussi en compte le problème des couleurs non imprimables. Nous construisons deux structures tridimensionnelles partitionnant l'espace en deux ensembles de tétraèdres, la structure interne et la structure externe. La structure interne couvre l'ensemble des couleurs reproductibles par l'imprimante, appelé color gamut, et l'union des deux structures couvre entièrement le domaine de définition de l'espace CIELAB. Ces structures nous permettent de déterminer facilement si une couleur est à l'intérieur où à l'extérieur du solide des couleurs, d'appliquer tout type de procédé de gamut mapping si nécessaire, et puis de calculer par interpolation tétraédrique non-uniforme les valeurs CMJ correspondantes. Nous établissons ainsi le modèle inverse de l'imprimante. Dans une deuxième partie, pour atteindre une précision et une fidélité des couleurs encore plus grandes, nous avons mené une étude sur l'acquisition d'images multispectrales à l'aide d'une caméra numérique professionnelle et d'un ensemble de filtres chromatiques sélectionnés. Ainsi nous pouvons reconstruire en chaque pixel la réflectance spectrale du point de la surface de l'objet imagé en ce pixel. Dans cette étude nous proposons plus particulièrement des méthodes nouvelles pour la caractérisation spectrale du système d'acquisition d'images, ainsi que pour la sélection d'un ensemble de filtres. Cette sélection est optimisée pour un ensemble donné : caméra, illuminant, et réflectances spectrales. Nous atteignons ainsi une très bonne qualité spectrale et colorimétrique. En particulier nous démontrons que l'estimation des couleurs d'une scène sous n'importe quel illuminant est nettement meilleure en utilisant des images multispectrales, qu'avec une approche classique basée sur des images couleur.
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Tremellen, Kelton Paul. "The immunoregulatory role of seminal plasma in early murine and human pregnancy /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht789.pdf.
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Amanze, Stanley Otitoaja. "Technologised Parenthood: An Ethical Implacation of Human Reproductive Cloning". Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2916.
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Science and technology has been the bedrock of human growth and dynamism. Man has over the years distinguished his existence from all other beings by his ability to champion and fashion his existence. Among his tools is biotechnology which actually attenuates the fears of aging and death.
Human reproductive cloning stands out as one of the means through which biotechnology plans to achieve this perfect existence for man. Technological advancements in the field of biotechnology are now in the threshold of human procreation.
Human reproductive cloning is seen as an assisted method of reproduction which creates a newborn that is genetically identical to another human being.Human reproductive cloning as a technology and as a means of reproduction is not without its pros and cons. In as much as the technology promises to mention but a few, hope for the infertile couples and single parents, as well as the hope of reproduction without passing on hereditary diseases; it at the same time beeps some flashes of worry. Hence, the inherent threat to the notion of parenthood which does not smack of compromise, coupled with other ethical implications are reasons one may proffer not to have this technology.
Technologised parenthood stands out as an implication of human reproductive cloning and as such it considers issues in human sexuality i.e. the place of human sexuality in reproduction and then the nature of the family which is the playground of human existence. This thesis focuses on this implication of human reproductive cloning while making a critical exposition of the concept of human reproductive cloning.
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Oyawoye, Oluseye Adelani. "The role of ovarian follicular antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in human female reproduction". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445946/.
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Infertility affects about 15% of couples and in many cases the aetiology is easily identified. Aetiological diagnosis is more difficult in about 15% of females, when infertility is related to less clearly identifiable factors such as luteal phase deficiency and endometriosis. It has been suggested that oxidative stress may interfere with female fertility, analogous to the situation in males, and may play a role in some cases of unexplained fertility. This study was designed to evaluate the role of follicular fluid oxidative stress in female reproduction. Follicular fluid total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and TAC loss, indirect measures of oxidative stress, were related to early reproductive outcome, specifically oocyte recovery, fertilisation, and subsequent embryo viability after 3 days in culture. Follicular TAC was assayed in a pilot study using two methods - the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay - to determine the optimum assay for TAC. Good correlation was observed between the assays. The FRAP assay methodology was robust, easier, cheaper and quicker to perform, and was therefore used to determine follicular fluid TAC in the rest of the study. Follicular fluid TAC was unrelated to the presence of an oocyte in the source follicle. Oocytes from follicles with lower TAC tended to fail to fertilise, whereas oocytes from follicles that exhibited mid-range and higher TAC were fertilisation competent. Furthermore, high follicular TAC at oocyte retrieval was associated with embryo non-viability, whereas mid-range follicular TAC values were associated with embryo viability after 3 days. Outside of the IVF setting, in women undergoing natural menstrual cycles (i.e. no exposure to hormonal preparations), follicular TAC was similar in sub-fertile women and in fertile controls. Follicular fluid proteins were estimated by Bradford assay because of the contribution of their sulphydryl group to antioxidant activity. Follicular fluid sulphydryl content was also correlated with TAC. The total follicular protein concentration was relatively consistent (37.5 6.1 mg/ml). Sulphydryl content of follicular fluid corresponded to about 40% of TAC values. No correlation existed between protein and TAC, indicating that variations in TAC values were not just due to changes in protein. Follicular total protein concentration had no influence on reproductive outcome. Follicular fluid cell density varied widely between patients and between different follicles from the same patient. There was no correlation between follicular fluid cell density and TAC. These results suggest that the role of oxygen free radicals and antioxidants in female reproduction are complex. A lesser ability to defend against free radicals within the follicle is detrimental to oocyte fertilisation, at least in the IVF setting. It is possible such oocytes suffer free radical damage during their development, which compromises fertilisation competence. Excessive TAC however impairs subsequent embryo viability, suggesting that free radicals are also required for some oocyte maturation processes which influence subsequent developmental competence, which if excessively quenched impair viability. The use of exogenous antioxidants to improve fertility in women cannot yet be justified.
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Sepinwall, Amy J. "Determining parental obligations to unborn children using a social contract theory". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30114.
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I use a brand of social contract theory derived from David Gauthier to delimit precisely what might be permissible in the methods of conception and gestation of a child. More specifically, Gauthier posits a rule that is supposed to govern behavior among individuals prior to but in anticipation of the rise of social interaction. I argue that this rule can be appropriately applied to the interactions between a parent and her unborn child. I review other social contract models in an effort to show that Gauthier's is preferable to these. I also address other accounts concerned with parental obligations to the unborn, to see how these fare against Gauthier's. I conclude that, because of its breadth of applicability, as well as its plausibility, Gauthier's model is a powerful force for guiding us through these issues.
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Gustafsson, Lidström Charlotte. "Local Immune regulation in human pregnancy : with focus on decidual macrophages". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk immunologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9985.
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During pregnancy, the woman carries a fetus partly foreign to her immune system, because of the expression of paternal antigens. Despite this, the fetus is normally tolerated and not rejected, as is often the case with organs in allogeneic transplantations. Systemic changes in maternal blood occur during pregnancy but, perhaps of greater importance, are changes in tissues locally in the uterus. The pregnant uterine endometrium, the decidua, is infiltrated by large numbers of leukocytes, mainly natural killer (NK) cells but also macrophages and T lymphocytes. Further, various cytokines are known to be secreted at the fetomaternal interface. However, the functions of these cells and the cytokine networks are not fully understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the local immune balance in normal human pregnancy decidua, both in the early phase of pregnancy and at parturition. First trimester decidual mononuclear cells, NK cells and macrophages were all shown to secrete IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10, as detected by ELISPOT. The secretion was not mirrored in blood from the same subjects. A significantly larger number of decidual macrophages secreted IL-10 than did their blood counterparts, indicating potential regulatory functions of this cell type. Further examination of early pregnancy decidual macrophages by microarray revealed 120 genes being differentially regulated at the transcriptional level in decidual compared to blood monocytes/macrophages. Several genes were associated with alternative activation/M2 polarization of macrophages, including CCL-18, CD209, IGF-1, MRC-1 and FN-1. Genes connected to immune regulation and tissue remodelling were common, in line with the potential functions for this cell type in utero. In addition, some molecules not previously connected to decidual macrophages, such as TREM-2, A2M and PGDS, were found to be upregulated, gaining new insights into the regulatory functions of decidual macrophages. Term decidual mononuclear cells spontaneously secrete IFN-γ, TNF, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. No differences were seen between tissues obtained before and after the onset of labour, indicating that decidual mononuclear cells are not the main cell population responsible for plausible cytokine regulation in the process of labour induction. Placental and fetal membranes as well as cells in the maternal systemic circulation may instead contribute to a possible shift in immune balance prior to pregnancy termination. In conclusion, decidual leukocytes, including NK cells and macrophages, are potential producers of both Th1-like/pro-inflammatory and Th2-like/anti-inflammatory cytokines in early pregnancy as well as at parturition. Decidual macrophages are of a specialized phenotype with effector functions contributing to a proper invasion of the placenta and to immunological protection of the semi-allogeneic fetus. This thesis adds new knowledge on local immune balance during normal human pregnancy, however, the clinical significance of the presented data needs to be clarified.
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Kok, Tuckweng. "Early events in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk79.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, 1998.Copy of author's previously published article on back end-paper. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-158).
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Bull, Rowena Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Mechanisms of replication and genomic diversity in human caliciviruses". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40657.
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Norovirus (NoV) and Sapovirus (SaV) are major causes of outbreak gastroenteritis worldwide. NoV and SaV are highly infectious, have multiple transmission routes and have a short incubation period, thereby facilitating rapid intercontinental spread of new variants. Consequently, a treatment would be advantageous for controlling them. However, currently little is known about the replication cycle and evolution of human NoV or SaV as neither are culturable. NoV and SaV are RNA viruses of the Caliciviridae family and have great genetic diversity which is thought to facilitate irnmune evasion. Consequently variants of NoV GI1.4 arose in 1996, 2002, 2004 and in 2006 and resulted in pandemics. Therefore, in this study, the role of the two main mechanisms associated with generating viral diversity; recombination, and point mutation were investigated for NoV and SaV. Physiological and kinetic properties of three NoV RdRps (genotypes, Gll.b, Gll.4, Gll.7) and two SaV RdRps (genogroups GI, GII) were also investigated. RNA recombination is a significant driving force in viral evolution. Increased awareness of recombination within the Calicivirus genus Norovirus (NoV) has led to a rise in the identification of NoV recombinants and they are now reported at high frequency. Despite this no classification system exists for recombinant NoVs As a result, there is duplication in reporting novel recombinants and the precise number of novel NoV recombinant types is unknown. Therefore, in order to elucidate thero!e of recombination in NoV evolution, 121 NoV nucleotide sequences, compiled from the GenBank database and published literature, were analysed for recombination events. NoV recombinants and their recombination breakpoint were identified using three methods: phylogenetic analysis, Simplot analysis and the Maximum Chi-Squared method. In total 19 unique NoV recombinant types were identified in circulation across the globe and they had a common recombination point near the ORF1/2 overlap. Recombination at the ORF1/0RF2 overlap could have important implications in NoV evolution as it enables a virus to swap its antigenic determinates (capsid) and thereby avoid immune clearance in an analogous manner to antigenic shift in influenza virus. This study also examined the role of NoV and SaV replication in generating viral diversity by comparing the physiological, kinetic and biochemical properties of five genotypically distinct RdRps from two different genera of the Caliciviridae. Genetically diverse HuCV RdRps were expressed in Escherichia coli and characterised in an in vitro assay designed for this study. The results indicated that despite high sequence variation between the five enzymes (between 6% and 71% amino acid difference) they shared similar physiological properties. Though there was some variation in their template usage and kinetic properties. SaV was able to perform primer dependent replication on homopolymeric A RNA whereas the NoV RdRps were not. Additionally, NoV RdRps had a higher incorporation rate and were more kinetically efficient than the two SaV RdRps. The incorporation fidelity of the five enzymes was similar (between 2.2x10-5 to 8.9x10-4 ), although interestingly the most prevalent strain, Gll.4, had the lowest fidelity of the caliciviruses. Therefore, suggesting that RdRp fidelity has an important role in NoV evolution. Overall, this study illustrated that NoV and SaV generate genetic diversity in a similar fashion to other RNA viruses, that is, a delicate combination of recombination, point mutation and replication efficiency. Understanding the mechanisms involved in viral replication and genomic diversity of the calicivirus RdRps is essential if a successful control strategy for the human caliciviruses is going to be developed.
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Levchenko, Anna, Inna Savitska, А. О. Левченко y І. М. Савіцька. "The current challenges of reproduction of the human capital in the agricultural sector of Ukraine". Thesis, Ексклюзив-Систем, 2016. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/3637.
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Silas, Fenni. "Understanding Grade 10 Life Sciences teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching topics on human reproduction". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020305.
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This study was conducted in order to understand Grade 10 Life Science teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching human reproduction topics in the Ohangwena political region in the northern part of Namibia. It also explored how the culture of the majority of the inhabitants of Ohangwena region who are Oshiwambo speaking impacts the teaching of human reproduction topics. The study was prompted by the fact that the Grade 10 Life Science syllabus requires learners to learn details of human reproduction although in Oshiwambo culture such things are not discussed openly. And this section has proven to be one of the poorly answered sections in the Grade 10 national examinations. A total of thirty five (35) Grade 10 Life Science teachers participated in this study. It is a qualitative case study underpinned by an interpretive paradigm. The unit of analysis for this study was teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching the topic of human reproduction. Data were generated through document analysis, questionnaires and tape recorded semi-structured interviews. Such data were analysed inductively by sorting them into categories and then into emerging themes. Categories included teachers’ views and experiences of being taught and teaching human reproduction, how culture influenced the manner in which teaching and learning of human reproduction takes place as stated in the socio-cultural theory, and how teachers of different gender perceived and experienced the teaching of human reproduction according to the feminist standpoint theory. The emerging themes were colour coded and then developed into analytical statements. Data triangulation, member checking, and follow up interviews ensured data validity and trustworthiness. This study revealed that the cultural belief of the Owambo people that prohibits adults to talk to children about things related to sex because it encourages them to practice sex is still strong among individuals in the community including teachers themselves. As a result, teachers are not comfortable with teaching human reproduction topics. From the findings, it is recommended that teachers should be empowered to teach Life Science, specifically human reproduction topics, with confidence. Furthermore, parents should be made aware of the importance of including human reproduction topics in the school curriculum so that they can motivate their children to study it with an open mind.
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Mahmood, Tariq. "The future of human reproduction : a 21st century phenomenon : a legal, theological and philosophical analysis". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-future-of-human-reproduction-a-21st-century-phenomenon-a-legal-theological-and-philosophical-analysis(cd9ae627-43ea-450a-a74a-e753ee6fb8db).html.
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This thesis seeks to examine various reproductive technologies whether old or new and draws conclusion from the legal, theological and philosophical perspective. My analysis starts by considering and is centred upon the Islamic perspective. The advancement of science and technology has brought many complex challenges to the modern world. I will argue that Islam is not a stagnant religion but a religion for all ages and all times. Islam has a solution to complex medical problems through the means of ‘Fatwa’s’ (Islamic legal ruling). The spirit of Islam should be the guiding force in assessing whether a certain treatment or advancement in medicine is permissible or not. It is important for medical practitioners to be religiously and culturally aware of the issues and the conundrum that many couples face when deciding whether a certain treatment is permissible within Islam or not. English Law has seen a change in the mind set of the judiciary but still when it comes to the question of surrogacy it seems that there are numerous logistical difficulties. In a world of social media it seems that a lot more agreements are done via the Internet without the individual couple considering the legal implications but rather using raw emotion to make decisions, which may ultimately be detrimental to them and the child. In my analysis from the Legal Perspective, I argue that the Judiciary needs to react more quickly to the advancement of new reproductive technologies. The Philosophical analysis considers the various reproductive technologies, in light of the bioethical principles. IVF is considered to be the least problematic option within my analysis, whereas surrogacy is the most problematic. It may be a matter of time as generations pass; moral attitudes may change the way we think on the question of surrogacy. The western world is coming to terms with gay marriages and a time may come where surrogacy can be a simple solution without the emotional attachment.