Artículos de revistas: "In situ TEM nanoindentation"

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Carlton, C. E. y P. J. Ferreira. "In situ TEM nanoindentation of nanoparticles". Micron 43, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2012): 1134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2012.03.002.

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2

Warren, Oden L., Zhiwei Shan, S. A. Syed Asif, Eric A. Stach, J. W. Morris y Andrew M. Minor. "In situ nanoindentation in the TEM". Materials Today 10, n.º 4 (abril de 2007): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70051-2.

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3

Minorl, A. M., E. A. Stach y J. W. Morris. "Quantitative In-Situ Nanoindentation of Thin Films in a Transmission Electron Microscope". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto de 2001): 912–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030634.

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A unique in situ nanoindentation stage has been built and developed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy in Berkeley, CA. By using piezoceramic actuators to finely position a 3-sided, boron-doped diamond indenter, we are able to image in real time the nanoindentation induced deformation of thin films. Recent work has included the force-calibration of the indenter, using silicon cantilevers to establish a relationship between the voltage applied to the piezoactuators, the displacement of the diamond tip, and the force generated.In this work, we present real time, in situ TEM observations of the plastic deformation of Al thin films grown on top of lithographically-prepared silicon substrates. The in situ nanoindentations require a unique sample geometry (see Figure 1) in which the indenter approaches the specimen normal to the electron beam. in order to meet this requirement, special wedge-shaped silicon samples were designed and microfabricated so that the tip of the wedge is sharp enough to be electron transparent.

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4

Liu, Dongdong, Zhenyu Zhang, Leilei Chen, Dong Wang, Junfeng Cui, Keke Chang y Dongming Guo. "An in situ TEM nanoindentation-induced new nanostructure in cadmium zinc telluride". Nanoscale 13, n.º 15 (2021): 7169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr00447f.

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5

Ma, X. G. y K. Komvopoulos. "In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy and Nanoindentation Studies of Phase Transformation and Pseudoelasticity of Shape-memory Titanium-nickel Films". Journal of Materials Research 20, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2005): 1808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0226.

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoindentation, both with in situ heating capability, and electrical resistivity measurements were used to investigate phase transformation phenomena and thermomechanical behavior of shape-memory titanium-nickel (TiNi) films. The mechanisms responsible for phase transformation in the nearly equiatomic TiNi films were revealed by heating and cooling the samples inside the TEM vacuum chamber. Insight into the deformation behavior of the TiNi films was obtained from the nanoindentation response at different temperatures. A transition from elastic-plastic to pseudoelastic deformation of the martensitic TiNi films was encountered during indentation and heating. In contrast to the traditional belief, the martensitic TiNi films exhibited a pseudoelastic behavior during nanoindentation within a specific temperature range. This unexpected behavior is interpreted in terms of the evolution of martensitic variants and changes in the mobility of the twinned structures in the martensitic TiNi films, observed with the TEM during in situ heating.

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6

Zhang, Zhenyu, Junfeng Cui, Keke Chang, Dongdong Liu, Guoxin Chen, Nan Jiang y Dongming Guo. "Deformation induced new pathways in silicon". Nanoscale 11, n.º 20 (2019): 9862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01478k.

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7

Liu, Y., H. Wang y X. Zhang. "In Situ TEM Nanoindentation Studies on Stress-Induced Phase Transformations in Metallic Materials". JOM 68, n.º 1 (30 de noviembre de 2015): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1707-y.

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8

Wang, Bo, Zhenyu Zhang, Junfeng Cui, Nan Jiang, Jilei Lyu, Guoxin Chen, Jia Wang et al. "In Situ TEM Study of Interaction between Dislocations and a Single Nanotwin under Nanoindentation". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, n.º 35 (23 de agosto de 2017): 29451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b11103.

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9

De Hosson, Jeff T. M., Wouter A. Soer, Andrew M. Minor, Zhiwei Shan, Eric A. Stach, S. A. Syed Asif y Oden L. Warren. "In situ TEM nanoindentation and dislocation-grain boundary interactions: a tribute to David Brandon". Journal of Materials Science 41, n.º 23 (diciembre de 2006): 7704–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0472-2.

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10

Wall, M. A. y U. Dahmen. "Development of an In-Situ Nanoindentation Specimen Holder for the High Voltage Electron Microscope". Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (agosto de 1997): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600009855.

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Progress on the development of an in-situ nanoindentation specimen holder for the Kratos 1.5MeV HVEM located at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA, USA, is reported. There is currently considerable work being reported on the mechanical properties (i.e., hardness, delamination, wear, etc.) of single and multicomponent thin films, nanoclusters and fibers by techniques such as nanoindenting, ref. [1] are recent examples. However, with all of these tests there has not been direct, unambiguous observation of the response or evolution of the microstructure. With many of these reports, there has been little “post-mortem” TEM characterization and there has been no real attempts to simulate these dynamically in the TEM. For the case of nano-testing of the materials the interaction volumes are often on the scale of the natural sampling volume of the HVEM. It seems natural that post-mortem and in-situ TEM characterization techniques be applied.

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11

Ferreira, Paulo. "Are Dislocations Possible in Nanoparticles?" Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5 de agosto de 2014): C226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097733.

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The deformation behavior of nanoscale metals continues to be an exciting area for materials research. However, in the case of single crystal 0-D nanoscale metals, no deformation experiments, to our knowledge, have been performed at the nanoscale. The one experiment closest to the nanoscale was an in-situ TEM compression of ~200 nm Si nanoparticles. However, the particle tested was too large to extract relevant information at the nanoscale and the mechanical deformation of Si is also expected to be different from that of metals. For nanoparticles it is claimed there is a conspicuous lack of dislocations, regardless of the materials processing history, even after significant deformation. Therefore, it has been suggested that dislocations cannot exist or/ do not play a role on the deformation of 0-D nanomaterials. To address this issue of the role played by dislocations in the deformation of 0-D nanomaterials, nanoparticles with diameters <20nm were compressed in-situ under phase-contrast in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Two phase-contrast TEM experiments were done, one in a conventional TEM and the other in an aberration corrected TEM. Evidence for nucleation of dislocations and dislocation motion was observed during in-situ TEM nanoindentation, but upon unloading dislocations were no longer visible. A new model for explaining dislocation instability is introduced. In this model we consider the change in Gibbs free energy of an edge dislocation, as it moves through the nanoparticle, towards the surface. The nanoindentation experiments seem to confirm the model proposed.

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12

Lang, F. C., Y. M. Xing, J. Zhu y Y. R. Zhao. "Study of the Mechanical Properties of a Nanostructured Surface Layer on 316L Stainless Steel". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7517616.

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A nanostructured surface layer (NSSL) was generated on a 316L stainless steel plate through surface nanocrystallization (SNC). The grains of the surface layer were refined to nanoscale after SNC treatment. Moreover, the microstructure and mechanical properties of NSSL were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), through nanoindentation, and through reverse analysis of finite element method (FEM). TEM results showed that the grains in the NSSL measured 8 nm. In addition, these nanocrystalline grains took the form of random crystallographic orientation and were roughly equiaxed in shape. In situ SEM observations of the tensile process confirmed that the motions of the dislocations were determined from within the material and that the motions were blocked by the NSSL, thus improving overall yielding stress. Meanwhile, the nanohardness and the elastic modulus of the NSSL, as well as those of the matrix, were obtained with nanoindentation technology. The reverse analysis of FEM was conducted with MARC software, and the process of nanoindentation on the NSSL and the matrix was simulated. The plastic mechanical properties of NSSL can be derived from the simulation by comparing the results of the simulation and of actual nanoindentation.

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13

Fan, Xue y Dongfeng Diao. "The adhesion behavior of carbon coating studied by re-indentation during in situ TEM nanoindentation". Applied Surface Science 362 (enero de 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.196.

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14

Carlton, C. y PJ Ferreira. "Are Dislocations Present in Nanoparticles?: Fourier Filtering of Images Obtained From In-Situ TEM Nanoindentation". Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S2 (julio de 2009): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609096585.

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15

TOCHIGI, Eita, Atsutomo NAKAMURA, Naoya SHIBATA y Yuichi IKUHARA. "OS1414-276 Dynamic observations of Mechanical twinning in α-alumina by in-situ TEM nanoindentation". Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2015 (2015): _OS1414–27—_OS1414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2015._os1414-27.

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16

Bobji, M. S., J. B. Pethica y B. J. Inkson. "Indentation mechanics of Cu–Be quantified by an in situ transmission electron microscopy mechanical probe". Journal of Materials Research 20, n.º 10 (octubre de 2005): 2726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0332.

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In situ transmission electron microscopy was used to study, in real time, the sub-surface deformation taking place in Cu–Be alloy during nanoindentation. A twinned region of the material was indented with a sharp tungsten tip in a specially developed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holder. A flexible hinge-based force sensor was used to measure the force on the indenter, and the force–displacement curve for the tip was obtained by tracking the tip in the sequential images of a TEM video of the indentation process. Step-like structures ∼50 nm in size resulting from the tip surface roughness were observed to generate clusters of dislocations in the sample when they come in contact with the softer Cu–Be. With this setup, the forces and the mean pressure associated with such an individual deformation event in a nanostructured TEM sample were measured.

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17

Lee, Joon Hwan, Xinghang Zhang y Haiyan Wang. "Direct observation of twin deformation in YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films by in situ nanoindentation in TEM". Journal of Applied Physics 109, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2011): 083510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3569625.

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18

Sarkar, Rajdeep, Chandan Mondal, Deepak Kumar, Sabyasachi Saha, Atul Kumar y Partha Ghosal. "Structure-property Characterisation at Nanoscale using In-situ TEM and SEM". Defence Science Journal 66, n.º 4 (28 de junio de 2016): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.10213.

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<p>In-situ electron microscopy is an emerging technique for real time visualisation of micro-structural changes of a specimen under some applied constraints inside microscope. In this study, in-situ nanoindentation experimentation on a carbon nanocoil inside transmission electron microscope has been reported. The elastic modulus of the carbon nanocoil is found to be 177 GPa. Similar experiments are also carried out on carbon nanotubes, but force response of carbon nanotubes is beyond the limit of sensors presently available. The present study also reports the in-situ dissolution behavior of the secondary phases of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy under high vacuum condition in scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the temperature range of 350 °C to 400 °C. We report for the first time using in-situ SEM technique that dissolution of the MgZn2-base phase present as eutectic and divorced eutectic forms could start at a temperature as low as 300 °C, although the usual homogenisation temperature of such alloys is always > 450 °C. Furthermore, the kinetics of dissolution of such phases, particularly when present in fine eutectic phase mixture, is significantly faster than what is observed under atmospheric pressure. It has been found that modification of surface composition under high vacuum condition plays a key role in the low temperature dissolution processes. It has further been found that the dissolution process does not start with the thinning of the IDC phase as proposed for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, rather it occurs by a combination of ‘spheroidisation’ and thinning process called ‘the thinning, discontinuation, and full dissolution’ (TDFD) mechanism. Results of the in-stu experiments under high vacuum are compared with the ex-situ dissolution experiments under normal atmospheric pressure.</p>

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19

de Knoop, Ludvig y Marc Legros. "Absorption of crystal/amorphous interfacial dislocations during in situ TEM nanoindentation of an Al thin film on Si". Scripta Materialia 74 (marzo de 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.10.003.

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20

Miao, Bin, Shun Kondo, Eita Tochigi, Jiake Wei, Bin Feng, Naoya Shibata y Yuichi Ikuhara. "The core structure of 60° mixed basal dislocation in alumina (α-Al2O3) introduced by in situ TEM nanoindentation". Scripta Materialia 163 (abril de 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.01.011.

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21

Jo, Ara, Gil Ho Gu, Hong Chul Moon, Sung Hyun Han, Sang Ho Oh, Chan Gyung Park y Jin Kon Kim. "In situ TEM observation of phase transition of the nanoscopic patterns on baroplastic block copolymer films during nanoindentation". Nanoscale 5, n.º 10 (2013): 4351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00447c.

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22

Ohmura, Takahito, A. Minor, Kaneaki Tsuzaki y J. W. Morris. "Indentation-Induced Deformation Behavior in Martensitic Steel Observed through In Situ Nanoindentation in a Transmission Electron Microscopy". Materials Science Forum 503-504 (enero de 2006): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.239.

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Deformation behavior in the vicinity of grain boundary in Fe-0.4wt%C tempered martensitic steel were studied through in-situ nanoindentation in a TEM. Two types of boundaries were imaged in the dislocated martensitic structure: a low-angle lath boundary and a high-angle block boundary. In the case of a low-angle grain boundary, the dislocations induced by the indenter piled up against the boundary. As the indenter penetrated further, a critical stress appears to have been reached and a high density of dislocations was suddenly emitted on the far side of the grain boundary into the adjacent grain. In the case of the high-angle grain boundary, the numerous dislocations that were produced by the indentation were simply absorbed into the boundary, with no indication of pile-up or the transmission of strain.

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23

Rzepiejewska-Malyska, K. A., W. M. Mook, M. Parlinska-Wojtan, J. Hejduk y J. Michler. "In situ scanning electron microscopy indentation studies on multilayer nitride films: Methodology and deformation mechanisms". Journal of Materials Research 24, n.º 3 (marzo de 2009): 1208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0139.

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Systematic studies of the deformation mechanisms of multilayer transition metal nitride coatings TiN/CrN, TiN/NbN, and NbN/CrN, and corresponding reference coatings of TiN, NbN, and CrN deposited by a direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering process onto silicon 〈100〉 have been performed. Mechanical characterization was conducted using a combination of microindentation and nanoindentation in the load range 30 to 150 mN and 0.5 to 3.5 mN, respectively. For both load ranges, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in situ indentation was used to observe the indentation process including any pileup, sink-in, and fracture mechanisms specific to each coating. The coatings’ microstructure, both before and after indentation, was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was possible to both correlate the indentation load–displacement response to surface roughness effects and fracture modes (substrate and film cracking) and observe deformation mechanisms within the coatings.

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24

Thilly, Ludovic, Vanessa Vidal y Florence Lecouturier. "Plasticity Mechanisms in Multi-Scale Copper-Based Nanocomposite Wires". Materials Science Forum 539-543 (marzo de 2007): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.814.

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Copper-based high strength nanofilamentary wires reinforced by Nb nanofilaments are prepared by severe plastic deformation (repeated hot extrusion, cold drawing and bundling steps) for the winding of high pulsed magnets. The effects of microstructure refinement on the plasticity mechanisms were studied via nanoindentation, in-situ deformation in TEM and under neutron beam: all results evidence size effects in each nanostructured phase of the nanocomposite wires, i.e. single dislocation regime in the finest regions of the Cu matrix and whisker-like behaviour in the Nb nanofilaments. The macroscopic high yield stress is thus the results of the combination of the different elastic-plastic regimes of each phase that include size effects.

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25

Ohmura, T., A. M. Minor, E. A. Stach y J. W. Morris. "Dislocation–grain boundary interactions in martensitic steel observed through in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope". Journal of Materials Research 19, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2004): 3626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0474.

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Dislocation–interface interactions in Fe–0.4 wt% C tempered martensitic steel were studied through in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Two types of boundaries were imaged in the dislocated martensitic structure: a low-angle (probable) lath boundary and a coherent, high-angle (probable) block boundary. In the case of a low-angle grain boundary, the dislocations induced by the indenter piled up against the boundary. As the indenter penetrated further, a critical stress appeared to have been reached, and a high density of dislocations was suddenly emitted on the far side of the grain boundary into the adjacent grain. In the case of the high-angle grain boundary, the numerous dislocations that were produced by the indentation were simply absorbed into the boundary, with no indication of pileup or the transmission of strain. This surprising observation is interpreted on the basis of the crystallography of the block boundary.

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26

Aldosari, Mohammad A., Khaled Bin Bandar Alsaud, Ali Othman, Mohammed Al-Hindawi, Nadimul Haque Faisal, Rehan Ahmed, Feven Mattwes Michael, Mohan Raj Krishnan y Edreese Asharaeh. "Microwave Irradiation Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced-(Graphene Oxide-(Polystyrene-Polymethyl Methacrylate))/Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposites and Their Anti-Microbial Activity". Polymers 12, n.º 5 (18 de mayo de 2020): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051155.

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Herein, we report a facile process for the preparation of styrene and methyl-methacrylate copolymer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles ((R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs)) by using (i) microwave irradiation (MWI) to obtain R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs and (ii) the in situ bulk polymerization technique to produce RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA). Various characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, DSC, and TGA analysis, were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. The Berkovich nanoindentation method was employed to determine the hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the MWI-produced nanocomposites were found to have enhanced morphological, structural, and thermal properties compared with those of the nanocomposites prepared by the in situ method. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposites against the E. coli HB 101 K-12 was investigated, whereby an inhibition zone of 3 mm (RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA) and 27 mm (R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs) was achieved. This indicates that the MWI-prepared nanocomposite has stronger antibacterial activity than the in situ-prepared nanocomposite.

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27

Carpick, Robert W., Rodrigo A. Bernal, Polun Chen, J. David Schall, Judith A. Harrison y Yeau-Ren Jeng. "Influence of Chemical Bonding on the Variability of Diamond-Like Carbon Nanoscale Adhesion: An In-Situ TEM/Nanoindentation and Molecular Dynamics Study". Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S1 (agosto de 2018): 1822–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618009595.

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28

Bao, Junfeng, Yueguang Yu, Bowen Liu, Chengchang Jia y Chao Wu. "In Situ Ternary Boride: Effects on Densification Process and Mechanical Properties of WC-Co Composite Coating". Materials 13, n.º 8 (24 de abril de 2020): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081995.

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New coatings resistant to corrosion in high-temperature molten zinc aluminum were prepared by supersonic flame spraying of various composite powders. These composite powders were prepared by mixing, granulation, and heat treatment of various proportions of Mo–B4C powder and WC and Co powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF–STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and mechanical analysis were used to study the effects of Mo–B4C on the microstructure, phase, porosity, bonding strength, and elastic modulus of the composite powder and coating. Results show that the addition of an appropriate quantity of Mo–B4C reacts with Co to form ternary borides CoMo2B2 and CoMoB. Ternary boride forms a perfect continuous interface, improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance property of the coating. When the amount of Mo–B4C added was 35.2%, the mechanical properties of the prepared coating reached optimal values: minimum porosity of 0.31 ± 0.15%, coating bonding strength of 77.81 ± 1.77 MPa, nanoindentation hardness of 20.12 ± 1.85 GPa, Young’s modulus of 281.52 ± 30.22 GPa, and fracture toughness of 6.38 ± 0.45 MPa·m1/2.

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29

Li, Fan, Cuiyin Ye, Yanhui Huang, Xianmiao Liu y Benhua Fei. "Incorporation of In Situ Synthesized Nano-Copper Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Chinese Fir: A Preliminary Study". Polymers 13, n.º 6 (12 de marzo de 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060876.

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Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, modified using nano-copper with varying contents (0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%), was manufactured to improve the mechanical properties of Chinese fir. The morphology, chemical, micromechanical and micromechanical properties of the samples were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoindentation (NI) and traditional mechanical testing. The TEM and AFM results indicated that the in situ synthesized nano-copper particles were well-dispersed, and spherical, with a diameter of about 70 nm in PF resin. From the FTIR chemical changes detected by FTIR inferred that the nano-copper modified PF resin penetrated into the Chinese fir cell walls and interacted with the acetyl groups of hemicellulose by forming a crosslinked structure. Accordingly, the micro-mechanical properties of the Chinese fir cell walls were enhanced after treatment with nano-copper modified PF resin. The filling of the PF-1-Cu resin (1 wt% nano-copper) in the wood resulted in 13.7% and 22.2% increases in the elastic modulus (MOE) and hardness, respectively, of the cell walls. Besides, the impact toughness and compressive strength of the Chinese fir impregnated with PF-1-Cu resin were 21.8% and 8.2% higher than that of the PF-0-Cu resin. Therefore, in situ synthesized nano-copper-modified PF resin is a powerful treatment method for Chinese fir due to improved diffusive properties and reinforcement of the mechanical properties.

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30

Calvié, E., L. Joly-Pottuz, C. Esnouf, T. Douillard, L. Gremillard, A. Malchère, J. Chevalier y K. Masenelli-Varlot. "Evidence for the formation of distorted nanodomains involved in the phase transformation of stabilized zirconia by coupling convergent beam electron diffraction and in situ TEM nanoindentation". Acta Materialia 61, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.047.

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31

Zschech, Ehrenfried, Kong Boon Yeap, Christoph Sander, Uwe Mühle y Valeriy Sukharev. "Multi-scale materials data for 3D TSV stack performance simulation and model validation". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (1 de enero de 2013): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-tha31.

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Within a DFM type of methodology, the application of physics-based models for a multi-scale simulation of mechanical stress in 3D TSV-stacked products was proposed in [1]. Highly accurate multi-scale materials data are needed as input for this approach of simulation and for model validation. This paper focuses on the set of materials data for wafer-level and package-level structures, needed to feed a materials database that comprises the input parameters for simulation. Particularly the generation of materials data such as (local and effective) Young's modulus, Poisson ratio and (effective) coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) on several scales will be described. The nanoindentation method was developed further to measure local and effective elastic modulus values and Poisson ratio for micro-bump, TSV and BEoL stacks. TCAD simulations show significant influence of the copper microstructure on the charge carrier mobility in transistors [2]. To consider the orientation dependence of elastic properties of copper, nanoindentation with extremely low penetration depths was applied. A high-resolution in-situ technique was developed to determine “composite CTE” values for BEoL stacks. A free-standing cantilever containing the region of interest was extracted using the FIB technique, and imaged in a SEM at several temperatures. For model validation and calibration, local stress measurements are needed to determine the effect of the TSV/package-induced stress on the transistor performance. Due to the high resolution needed, the only direct technique to measure strain in transistor channels is TEM. For the first time, the strain in transistor channels will be reported as a function of the distance from the TSV, based on Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED) data.

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32

Biswal, Ramesh Chandra y Koushik Biswas. "Synthesis and Property Study of Multi-Doped LaGaO₃ for SOFC Application". Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (diciembre de 2013): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.196.

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. La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8 (LSGM) acts as a promising electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at intermediate temperature although its single phase synthesis is comparably difficult. However, phase purity is influenced by the amount and type of the transition metals doped and with the addition of transition metals both bulk and grain boundary conductivities are increased. In this work, Co is doped at Ga site of LSGM by Pechini method. The powders are then calcined, sintered and subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo-mechanical (TMA), nanoindentation test and impedance analysis. As observed from XRD single phase La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15 Co0.05O2.8 (LSGMC) is found at 1400°C and getting its single phase is easier than synthesizing single phase LSGM. As found from Rietveld analysis, the synthesized LSGMC is having orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm space group. TEM images show the spherical particles with size ~35 nm. Density of the sintered pellet as measured by Archimedes principle is found to be 98% at 1400°C, 8h. Thermal expansion co-efficient of the sintered pellet is found to be 12.2 ×10-6/°C, which is nearly same as of LSGM and nearly matches with other SOFC components. Hardness and Youngs modulus of the material as found from the Nanoindentation test are found as 13.14 ±0.9 GPa and 204.5±5.7 GPa respectively, which are suitable for SOFC application. The diffused semicircle observed in Nyquist plot simulated as (RQ)(RQ) circuit and the ionic conductivity is found to be higher than LSGM at equivalent temperature.

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Le Bourhis, E. y G. Patriarche. "TEM-nanoindentation studies of semiconducting structures". Micron 38, n.º 4 (junio de 2007): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2006.06.007.

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34

Wasmer, Kilian, Cédric Pouvreau, Jean-Marc Breguet, Johann Michler, Daniel Schulz y Jacques Henri Giovanola. "Nanoindentation cracking in gallium arsenide: Part I. In situ SEM nanoindentation". Journal of Materials Research 28, n.º 20 (22 de octubre de 2013): 2785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.252.

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35

Nili, Hussein, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Madhu Bhaskaran y Sharath Sriram. "In situ nanoindentation: Probing nanoscale multifunctionality". Progress in Materials Science 58, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.08.001.

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36

Nowak, Julia D., Karolina A. Rzepiejewska-Malyska, Ryan C. Major, Oden L. Warren y Johann Michler. "In-situ nanoindentation in the SEM". Materials Today 12 (2010): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70144-9.

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37

Huang, Mingyuan y Julia R. Greer. "Measuring Graphene Piezoreisistance via In-Situ Nanoindentation". ECS Transactions 35, n.º 3 (16 de diciembre de 2019): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3569914.

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38

Wo, P. C., A. H. W. Ngan y Y. L. Chiu. "TEM measurement of nanoindentation plastic zones in Ni3Al". Scripta Materialia 55, n.º 6 (septiembre de 2006): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.05.019.

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39

Bhattacharyya, D., N. Mara, P. Dickerson, R. Hoagland y A. Misra. "TEM Characterization of Nanoindentation in Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers". Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S2 (agosto de 2008): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608087278.

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40

Minor, A. M., J. W. Morris y E. A. Stach. "Quantitative in situ nanoindentation in an electron microscope". Applied Physics Letters 79, n.º 11 (10 de septiembre de 2001): 1625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1400768.

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41

Nanda Kumar, A. K., C. K. Sasidharan Nair, M. D. Kannan y S. Jayakumar. "TEM and nanoindentation studies on sputtered Ti40Ni60 thin films". Materials Chemistry and Physics 97, n.º 2-3 (junio de 2006): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.08.020.

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42

Pouvreau, Cédric, Kilian Wasmer, Haïcha Hessler-Wyser, Jean-Daniel Ganière, Jean-Marc Breguet, Johann Michler, Daniel Schulz y Jacques Henri Giovanola. "Nanoindentation cracking in gallium arsenide: Part II. TEM investigation". Journal of Materials Research 28, n.º 20 (22 de octubre de 2013): 2799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.275.

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43

Huang, Hu, Hongwei Zhao, Jie Mi, Jie Yang, Shunguang Wan, Lixia Xu y Zhichao Ma. "A novel and compact nanoindentation device for in situ nanoindentation tests inside the scanning electron microscope". AIP Advances 2, n.º 1 (marzo de 2012): 012104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3676691.

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44

Kitasako, Y., A. Sadr, H. Hamba, M. Ikeda y J. Tagami. "Gum Containing Calcium Fluoride Reinforces Enamel Subsurface Lesions in situ". Journal of Dental Research 91, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2012): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512439716.

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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chewing gum containing phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) and a low concentration of fluoride (F) on the hardness of enamel subsurface lesions, utilizing a double-blind, randomized, and controlled in situ model. Fifteen individuals wore removable lingual appliances with 3 bovine-enamel insets containing subsurface demineralized lesions. Three times a day for 14 days, they chewed one of the 3 chewing gums (placebo, POs-Ca, POs-Ca+F). After the treatment period, cross-sectional mineral content, nanoindentation hardness, and fluoride ion mapping by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were evaluated. Although there were no statistical differences in overall mineral content and hardness recovery rates between POs-Ca and POs-Ca+F subsurface lesions (p > 0.05), nanoindentation at 1-μm distance increments from the surface showed statistical differences in hardness recovery rate between POs-Ca and POs-Ca+F in the superficial 20-μm region (p < 0.05). Fluoride mapping revealed distribution of the ion up to 20 μm from the surface in the POs-Ca+F group. Nanoindentation and TOF-SIMS results highlighted the benefits of bioavailability of fluoride ion on reinforcement of the superficial zone of subsurface lesions in situ (NCT01377493).

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45

Parlinska-Wojtan, M., A. Karimi, O. Coddet, T. Cselle y M. Morstein. "Characterization of thermally treated TiAlSiN coatings by TEM and nanoindentation". Surface and Coatings Technology 188-189 (noviembre de 2004): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.060.

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46

Egeland, G. W., K. Wheeler, P. Peralta, K. J. McClellan, S. A. Maloy y G. M. Bond. "Plastic deformation in zirconium nitride observed by nanoindentation and TEM". Journal of Nuclear Materials 416, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2011): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.002.

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47

Rzepiejewska-Malyska, K. A., G. Buerki, J. Michler, R. C. Major, E. Cyrankowski, S. A. S. Asif y O. L. Warren. "In situ mechanical observations during nanoindentation inside a high-resolution scanning electron microscope". Journal of Materials Research 23, n.º 7 (julio de 2008): 1973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0240.

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In nanoindentation, the occurrence of cracks, pileup, sink-in, or film delamination adds additional complexity to the analysis of the load–displacement curves. Many techniques and analysis methods have been used to extract both qualitative and quantitative information from the indentation test both during and after the test. Much of this information is obtained indirectly or may even be overlooked by current testing methods (e.g., cracks that open only during the loading cycle of the test may go unnoticed from a typical residual indentation analysis). Here we report on the development of a miniature depth-sensing nanoindentation instrument and its integration into a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Real-time observation of the nanoindentation test via scanning electron microscopy allows for visualization and detection of certain events such as crack initiation, pileup, or sink-in, and other material deformation phenomena. Initial results from aluminum 〈100〉 and a thin gold film (∼225 nm) are presented.

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48

Alipour Skandani, A., R. Ctvrtlik y M. Al-Haik. "A Novel In-Situ Nanoindentation Characterization of Phase Transforming Materials". MRS Proceedings 1754 (2015): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.198.

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ABSTRACTMaterials with different allotropes can undergo one or more phase transformations based on the changes in the thermodynamic states. Each phase is stable in a certain temperature/pressure range and can possess different physical and mechanical properties compared to the other phases. The majority of material characterizations have been carried out for materials under equilibrium conditions where the material is stabilized in a certain phase and a lesser portion is devoted for onset of transformation. Alternatively, in situ measurements can be utilized to characterize materials while undergoing phase transformation. However, most of the in situ methods are aimed at measuring the physical properties such as dielectric constant, thermal/electrical conductivity and optical properties. Changes in material dimensions associated with phase transformation, makes direct measurement of the mechanical properties very challenging if not impossible. In this study a novel non-isothermal nanoindentation technique is introduced to directly measure the mechanical properties such as stiffness and creep compliance of a material at the phase transformation point. Single crystal ferroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS) was synthetized and tested with this method using a temperature controlled nanoindentation instrument. The results reveal that the material, at the transformation point, exhibits structural instabilities such as negative stiffness and negative creep compliance which is in agreement with the findings of published works on the composites with ferroelectric inclusions.

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49

Lujan-Regalado, Irene, Antony Kirubanandham, Jason J. Williams y Nikhilesh Chawla. "Nucleation and Growth of Tin Hillocks by In Situ Nanoindentation". Journal of Electronic Materials 48, n.º 1 (24 de septiembre de 2018): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6669-8.

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50

Fale, Sandeep, Ajay Likhite y Jatin Bhatt. "Nanoindentation studies of ex situ AlN/Al metal matrix nanocomposites". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 615 (diciembre de 2014): S392—S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.239.

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