Artículos de revistas: "Independent sensor networks"

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Mielke, A. M., S. M. Brennan, M. C. Smith, D. C. Torney, A. B. Maccabe y KarlinM JF. "Independent sensor networks". IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 8, n.º 2 (junio de 2005): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2005.1438842.

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Liu, Wei, Mao Lin y Chun Yan. "Formal Interoperability Models of Sensor Networks Based on Logical Workflow Nets". International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, n.º 05 (mayo de 2019): 671–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019400035.

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With the advent of Internet of things and cyber physical system, sensor networks become more and more important. To better accomplish a task, multiple sensors or even multiple sensor networks need to interoperate. Logical workflow nets and cooperative logical workflow nets are introduced to formally model and analyze interoperability of sensor networks. Independent feasibility and Interoperable feasibility are important properties for ensuring correct execution and interoperability of sensor networks. Complete path nets, possible path nets, cooperative complete path nets and cooperative possible path nets are presented to decide independent feasibility and interoperable feasibility of logical workflow nets and cooperative logical workflow nets denoting interoperability of sensor networks.

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Kallakunta, Suneela y Alluri Sreenivas. "Technical Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)". Oriental journal of computer science and technology 13, n.º 0203 (30 de enero de 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst13.0203.10.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new kind of wireless networks that are becoming very popular with a large number of civilian and military applications. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network that contains distributed independent sensor devices that are meant to monitor physical or environmental conditions. AWireless Sensor Network consists of a set of connected tiny sensor nodes, which communicate with each other we can also interchange information and data. These nodes obtain information on the environment such as temperature, pressure, or humidity and this information is stored in a base station. The latter sends the info to a wired network or activates an alarm or an action, depending on the type of data being monitored.

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Moungla, Hassine, Nora Touati y Ahmed Mehaoua. "Cost Efficient Deployment and Reliable Routing Modeling Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Dynamic Wireless Body Sensor Networks Topology". International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 4, n.º 4 (octubre de 2013): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2013100102.

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Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs), like any other sensor networks, suffer from limited energy and are highly distributed network, where its nodes organize by themselves and each of them has the flexibility of collecting and transmitting patient biomedical information to a sink. When a knowledge was sent to a sink from a path that doesn't have a definite basis, the routing is a crucial challenge in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks. Furthermore, reliability and routing delay are the considerable factors in these types of networks. More attention should be given to the energy routing issue and frequent topology's change in WBSNs. That increases the dynamics of network topology, and complicates the relay selection process in cooperative communications. Unreliable communication over the wireless channel complicates communication protocols and results in low data yield (Stathopoulos 2005). The deployment sensors step is a crucial and complex task due to several independent objectives and constraints. This paper presents a Min-Max multi-commodity flow model for WBSNs which allows preventing sensor node saturation and taking best action against reliability and the path loss, by imposing an equilibrium use of sensors during the routing process. This model is based on the authors' optimal sensors deployment method for WBSNs. Simulations results show that the algorithm balances the energy consumption of nodes effectively and maximize the network lifetime. It will meet the enhanced WBSNs requirements, including better delivery ratio, less reliable routing overhead.

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Milana N., Megha y M. Z. Kurian. "IoT Based Sensor Network for Agricultural Application". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, n.º 2 (2016): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.421612.

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A conventional sensor network is a radio network of sensor nodes with ability to sense physical parameters, store sensed data, carry out simple processing on data and forward the data through radio interface. The objective of such network is to push the data to a sink node which can then forward the data to server ( or cloud). However many real time applications includes sensors spread over long areas. As such they are treated as independent networks. Internet of Things is a new paradigm of connecting devices like microcontroller and smart objects to cloud. Using IoT services, we can now connect sensors to internet directly. In the proposed work more comprehensive state of art cloud extension of WSN through IoT has been focused, more focus on being towards bettering each of the current state of art building blocks including but not limited to sensor network, coordinator protocol, data analysis in sensor network, cloud services, IoT protocols and so on.

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Dr. P. Vijaykarthik, Naveen Ghorpade,. "An Efficient Mobile Sink based Data Collection Model for Clustered based Wireless Sensor Network". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 1836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1038.

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The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is considered to be a core component of tomorrow's real-time data communication networks, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Modern networks need low-latency and high-throughputs in real-time due to a heterogeneous network. The availability of low-latency real-time data access incurs energy costs from the sensor systems. Clustering helped in maintaining the scalability and energy usage of sensors. However, it incurs overhead of the independent cluster head and sensor device within the close range of the sump pump. Since it would take longer transmission and recovery time. This Mine Research Paper introduces an Accessible Mobile Sensor Dependent Data Collection (EMSDC) Model for Cluster Based WSN (CWSN). Experiments are carried out to verify the efficiency of EMSDC and to equate it with the existing versions. The findings of the Latency and Overhead benchmarks demonstrated a lot of progress over the state-of-the-art versions.

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Chauhan, Gargi, Usha Sharma, Seema Verma y G. N. Purohit. "TDMA Scheduling Algorithm Using Independent Sets in Network Graph". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, n.º 10 (25 de septiembre de 2013): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i10.1195.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a distributed wireless network consists of large amount of sensor nodes which gather useful information from a variety of environment and these sensor nodes communicate with each other in a multi-hop radio networks, with the end goal of handing their processed data to the data collector or access point (AP) [1,2]. WSNs have many issues such as self-configuration, fault-tolerance, adaptation, flexibility, energy efficiency, security, scalability, interference, architectural issues, mobility and delay tolerance [3]. Amongthese issues the most critical issue is to save energy and interference. The aim of this study is to construct the network graph which is conflict free and has minimum interference and minimum energy consumption. We have MAC Access protocols but TDMA protocol is more efficient than other protocols because TDMA can eliminate collisions and remove the need for a back-off [4]. A TDMA scheduling algorithm is constructed for the wireless sensor network, which is based on the creation of separate independent sets of the representing network graph. Independent sets are employed to minimize the time slots needed for the complete transmission of data packets in the network. An algorithm has been developed to implement it and there are three different steps in the implementation of this algorithm. In first phase, the minimum independent sets of the network are constructed. In second phase, the conflict graph of given network graph has been created. In third phase, time slots are assigned to all the transmissions according to the independent sets which were created in first phase, so that all the data packets are transmitted to the access point (AP) or data collector. The simulation results indicate that the TDMA scheduling algorithm reduce the interference and energy consumption in the network graph.

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Rajkumar, Dhamodharan Udaya Suriya, Krishna Prasad Karani, Rajendran Sathiyaraj y Pellakuri Vidyullatha. "Optimal shortest path selection using an evolutionary algorithm in wireless sensor networks". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2024): 6743. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i6.pp6743-6752.

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A wireless sensor network comprises of distributed independent devices, called sensors that monitor the physical conditions of the environment for various applications, such as tracking and observing environmental changes. Sensors have the ability to detect information, process it, and forward it to neighboring sensor nodes. Wireless sensor networks are facing many issues in terms of scalability, which necessitates numerous nodes and network range. The route chosen between the source node and the destination node with the shortest distance determines how well the network performs. In this paper, evolutionary algorithm based shortest path selection provides high end accessibility of path nodes for data transmission among source and destination. It employs the best fitness function methodology, which involves the replication of input, mutation, crossover, and mutation methods, to produce efficient outcomes that align with the best fitness function, thereby determining the shortest path. This is a probabilistic technique that receives input from learning models and provides the best results. The execution results are presented well compared with earlier methodologies in terms of path cost, function values, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and computation time.

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Preis, Ami, Andrew Whittle y Avi Ostfeld. "Multi-objective optimization for conjunctive placement of hydraulic and water quality sensors in water distribution systems". Water Supply 11, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2011): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.029.

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Near real-time continuous monitoring systems have been proposed as a promising approach for enhancing drinking water utilities detect and respond efficiently to threats on water distribution systems. Water quality sensors are aimed at revealing contamination intrusions, while hydraulic pressure and flow sensors are utilized for estimating the hydraulic system state. To date optimization models for placing sensors in water distribution systems are targeting separately water quality and hydraulic sensor network goals. Deploying two independent sensor networks within one distribution system is expensive to install and maintain. It might thus be beneficial to consider mutual sensor locations having dual hydraulic and water quality monitoring capabilities (i.e. sensor nodes which collect both hydraulic and water quality data at the same locations). In this study a multi-objective sensor network placement model for conjunctive monitoring of hydraulic and water quality data is developed and demonstrated using the multi-objective non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm NSGA II methodology. Two water distribution systems of increasing complexity are explored showing tradeoffs between hydraulic and water quality sensor location objectives. The proposed method provides a new tool for sensor placements.

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Dai, Xuan, Lili Fang, Chuanfang Zhang y Houjun Sun. "An Impedance-Loaded Orthogonal Frequency-Coded SAW Sensor for Passive Wireless Sensor Networks". Sensors 20, n.º 7 (28 de marzo de 2020): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071876.

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A passive wireless impedance-loaded orthogonal frequency-coded (OFC) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for wireless sensor networks was proposed in this paper. One of the chips on OFC SAW tag is connected to an external sensor, which could cause a phase shift in the time response of the corresponding part on the SAW device. The phase shift corresponds to the sensed quantity, which could be temperature, strain, vibration, pressure, etc. The OFC SAW tag is isolated by a proper package from the direct effect of the measurand on the device’s response which could avoid the multiple measurands coupling. The simultaneous work of multiple sensors is guaranteed by orthogonal frequency coding. By processing the response based on an extended matched filter algorithm, sensing information of the specific coded OFC device can be extracted from the superimposed response of multiple independent encoded sensors. Compared to previous methods, the proposed method can produce a more flexible passive (battery-free) wireless sensor suitable for large-scale wireless sensor networks. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the sensor.

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Chen, Xue Dong y Bao Peng. "A Security Localization Method in Wireless Sensor Networks". Advanced Materials Research 186 (enero de 2011): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.193.

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In this paper, we address wireless sensor network localization problems that have high reliability in an environment where physical node destruction is possible. We propose a range-independent location algorithm called security location based on genetic algorithm (GASL) that allows sensors to passively determine their location with high reliability, without increasing the number of reference points, or the complexity of the hardware of each reference point or node. In GASL, sensors determine their location based on the optimization of select function by the reliability by aim at some reference point process location compute confirm and remainder energy and distance of node to reference point. By combining the communication range constraints imposed by the physical medium with computationally efficient cryptographic primitives that secure the beacon transmissions. We show that GASL is robust against diversified known attacks and mostly unknown attacks on WSN, such as the wormhole attack, the sybil attack, and inject misdate attack, etc. Finally, our performance evaluation shows that GASL leads to significant improvement in location accuracy and security compared with state of the art range independent location schemes.

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Sugimoto, Tatsuya, Nobuhito Taniguchi, Ryoto Yoshikura, Hiroshi Kawaguchi y Shintaro Izumi. "Evaluation of Patients’ Levels of Walking Independence Using Inertial Sensors and Neural Networks in an Acute-Care Hospital". Bioengineering 11, n.º 6 (26 de mayo de 2024): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060544.

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This study aimed to evaluate walking independence in acute-care hospital patients using neural networks based on acceleration and angular velocity from two walking tests. Forty patients underwent the 10-meter walk test and the Timed Up-and-Go test at normal speed, with or without a cane. Physiotherapists divided the patients into two groups: 24 patients who were monitored or independent while walking with a cane or without aids in the ward, and 16 patients who were not. To classify these groups, the Transformer model analyzes the left gait cycle data from eight inertial sensors. The accuracy using all the sensor data was 0.836. When sensor data from the right ankle, right wrist, and left wrist were excluded, the accuracy decreased the most. When analyzing the data from these three sensors alone, the accuracy was 0.795. Further reducing the number of sensors to only the right ankle and wrist resulted in an accuracy of 0.736. This study demonstrates the potential of a neural network-based analysis of inertial sensor data for clinically assessing a patient’s level of walking independence.

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Sheltami, Tarek. "One-Tier versus Two-Tier Wireless Sensor Networks: Coverage Problem". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/360681.

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This paper tackles the coverage problem in homogenous and heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. The homogenous sensor network consists of sensor nodes and relays; however, the heterogeneous sensor network consists of sensor nodes, super nodes, and satellite nodes. In the latter network, super nodes and satellite nodes are utilized to demonstrate different scenarios. Super nodes consume huge amount of energy, compared to sensor nodes. To address this problem, the aim of this paper is to find the baseline when super nodes are used efficiently, despite the inherited high power consumption. Wolfram Mathematica is used to compare random independent deployment circular analytical model against a much simpler square analytical model. The achieved results showed that the simple square model is very close to circular model whenK-coverage is≤2.

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Li, Chun Yuan, Xiao Tong Zhang, Yue Qi, Li Wen He, Hong Song Chen y Xue Ying Zhang. "A New Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (agosto de 2013): 1622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1622.

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Security is critically important for hierarchical wireless sensor networks. Due to the limited resources of the sensor nodes, the traditional key management schemes are not suitable for wireless sensor network. In this paper, a new key management scheme for hierarchical wireless sensor network is proposed, which would be effectively against cluster node capture by supporting multiple keying mechanisms. The security of network is independent on a single key. Compared with the LEAP protocol, our scheme has lower consumption and higher scalability.

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Mani, Sathishkumar, Parasuram Chandrasekaran Kishoreraja, Christeena Joseph, Reji Manoharan y Prasannavenkatesan Theerthagiri. "Hybrid intrusion detection model for hierarchical wireless sensor network using federated learning". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 14, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2025): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v14.i1.pp492-499.

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<p class="Abstract">The applications of wireless sensor networks are vast and popular in today’s technology world. These networks consist of small, independent sensors that are capable of measuring various physical quantities. Deployment of wireless sensor networks increased due to immense applications which are susceptible to different types of attacks in an unprotected and open region. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a vital part in any secured environment for any network. IDS using federated learning have the potential to achieve better classification accuracy. Usually, all the data is stored in centralized server in order to communicate between the systems. On the other hand, federated learning is a distributed learning technique that does not transfer data but trains models locally and transfers the parameters to the centralized server. The proposed research uses a hybrid IDS for wireless sensor networks using federating learning. The detection takes place in real-time through detailed analysis of attacks at different levels in a decentralized manner. Hybrid IDS are designed for node level, cluster level and the base station where federated learning acts as a client and aggregated server.</p>

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Song, Xiaoli, Yunzhan Gong, Dahai Jin, Qiangyi Li y Hengchang Jing. "Coverage Hole Recovery Algorithm Based on Molecule Model in Heterogeneous WSNs". International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 12, n.º 4 (29 de junio de 2017): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2017.4.2896.

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In diverse application fields, the increasing requisitions of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have more and more research dedicated to the question of sensor nodes’ deployment in recent years. For deployment of sensor nodes, some key points that should be taken into consideration are the coverage area to be monitored, energy consumed of nodes, connectivity, amount of deployed sensors and lifetime of the WSNs. This paper analyzes the wireless sensor network nodes deployment optimization problem. Wireless sensor nodes deployment determines the nodes’ capability and lifetime. For node deployment in heterogeneous sensor networks based on different probability sensing models of heterogeneous nodes, the author refers to the organic small molecule model and proposes a molecule sensing model of heterogeneous nodes in this paper. DSmT is an extension of the classical theory of evidence, which can combine with any type of trust function of an independent source, mainly concentrating on combined uncertainty, high conflict, and inaccurate source of evidence. Referring to the data fusion model, the changes in the network coverage ratio after using the new sensing model and data fusion algorithm are studied. According to the research results, the nodes deployment scheme of heterogeneous sensor networks based on the organic small molecule model is proposed in this paper. The simulation model is established by MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of the algorithm, the network coverage, and detection efficiency of nodes are improved, the lifetime of the network is prolonged, energy consumption and the number of deployment nodes are reduced, and the scope of perceiving is expanded. As a result, the coverage hole recovery algorithm can improve the detection performance of the network in the initial deployment phase and coverage hole recovery phase.

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Dvir, Efi, Mark Shifrin y Omer Gurewitz. "Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Data Gathering in Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks". Mathematics 12, n.º 13 (4 de julio de 2024): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12132102.

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This study introduces a novel approach to data gathering in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) utilizing cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In addressing the challenges of efficient data collection in resource-constrained WSNs, we propose and examine a decentralized, autonomous communication framework where sensors function as individual agents. These agents employ an extended version of the Q-learning algorithm, tailored for a multi-agent setting, enabling independent learning and adaptation of their data transmission strategies. We introduce therein a specialized ϵ-p-greedy exploration method which is well suited for MAS settings. The key objective of our approach is the maximization of report flow, aligning with specific applicative goals for these networks. Our model operates under varying energy constraints and dynamic environments, with each sensor making decisions based on interactions within the network, devoid of explicit inter-sensor communication. The focus is on optimizing the frequency and efficiency of data report delivery to a central collection point, taking into account the unique attributes of each sensor. Notably, our findings present a surprising result: despite the known challenges of Q-learning in MARL, such as non-stationarity and the lack of guaranteed convergence to optimality due to multi-agent related pathologies, the cooperative nature of the MARL protocol in our study obtains high network performance. We present simulations and analyze key aspects contributing to coordination in various scenarios. A noteworthy feature of our system is its perpetual learning capability, which fosters network adaptiveness in response to changes such as sensor malfunctions or new sensor integrations. This dynamic adaptability ensures sustained and effective resource utilization, even as network conditions evolve. Our research lays grounds for learning-based WSNs and offers vital insights into the application of MARL in real-world EH-WSN scenarios, underscoring its effectiveness in navigating the intricate challenges of large-scale, resource-limited sensor networks.

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Lim, Jihun, Dooho Keum y Young-Bae Ko. "A Stepwise and Hybrid Trust Evaluation Scheme for Tactical Wireless Sensor Networks". Sensors 20, n.º 4 (18 de febrero de 2020): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041108.

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In tactical wireless sensor networks, tactical sensors are increasingly expected to be exploited for information collection in battlefields or dangerous areas on behalf of soldiers. The main function of these networks is to use sensors to measure radiation, nuclear, and biochemical values for the safety of allies and also to monitor and carry out reconnaissance of enemies. These tactical sensors require a network traffic flow that sends various types of measured information to the gateway, which needs high reliability. To ensure reliability, it must be able to detect malicious nodes that perform packet-dropping attacks to disrupt the network traffic flow, and energy-constrained sensors require energy-efficient methods to detect them. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a stepwise and hybrid trust evaluation scheme for locating malicious nodes that perform packet-dropping attacks in a tree-based network. Sensors send a query to the gateway by observing the traffic patterns of their child nodes. Moreover, depending on the situation, the gateway detects malicious nodes by choosing between gateway-assisted trust evaluation and gateway-independent trust evaluation. We implemented and evaluated the proposed scheme with the OPNET simulator, and the results showed that a higher packet delivery ratio can be achieved with significantly lower energy consumption.

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Liu, Zhixiong y Wei Zhou. "Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Path Coverage in Sensor Networks". Sensors 23, n.º 11 (24 de mayo de 2023): 5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115026.

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Path coverage attracts many interests in some scenarios, such as object tracing in sensor networks. However, the problem of how to conserve the constrained energy of sensors is rarely considered in existing research. This paper studies two problems in the energy conservation of sensor networks that have not been addressed before. The first problem is called the least movement of nodes on path coverage. It first proves the problem as NP-hard, and then uses curve disjunction to separate each path into some discrete points, and ultimately moves nodes to new positions under some heuristic regulations. The utilized curve disjunction technique makes the proposed mechanism unrestricted by the linear path. The second problem is called the largest lifetime on path coverage. It first separates all nodes into independent partitions by utilizing the method of largest weighted bipartite matching, and then schedules these partitions to cover all paths in the network by turns. We eventually analyze the energy cost of the two proposed mechanisms, and evaluate the effects of some parameters on performance through extensive experiments, respectively.

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Djabour, Djamal, Wided Abidi y Tahar Ezzedine. "Fuzzy independent circular zones protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 39, n.º 3 (2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijahuc.2022.121122.

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Ezzedine, Tahar, Wided Abidi y Djamal Djabour. "Fuzzy independent circular zones protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 39, n.º 3 (2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijahuc.2022.10045377.

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LEE, Euisin, Soochang PARK, Hosung PARK y Sang-Ha KIM. "Independent Grid Structure-Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks". IEICE Transactions on Communications E96.B, n.º 1 (2013): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e96.b.309.

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MAO, Ying-Chi. "A Location-Independent Connected Coverage Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks". Journal of Software 18, n.º 7 (2007): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/jos181672.

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Delicato, Fl�via Coimbra, Paulo F. Pires, Luci Pirmez y Luiz Fernando Rust da Costa Carmo. "A Service Approach for Architecting Application Independent Wireless Sensor Networks". Cluster Computing 8, n.º 2-3 (julio de 2005): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-005-6186-4.

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Chang, Ruijiang, Zhe Chen y Fuliang Yin. "Distributed parameterized topology-independent noise reduction in acoustic sensor networks". Applied Acoustics 213 (octubre de 2023): 109649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109649.

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Wu, Xiaofeng, Zhuangqi Chen, Yi Zhong, Hui Zhu y Pingjian Zhang. "End-to-end data collection strategy using mobile sink in wireless sensor networks". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, n.º 3 (marzo de 2022): 155013292210779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501329221077932.

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Several data collection algorithms, which are based on the combination of using mobile sinks and multiple-hop forwarding, have been proposed to prolong the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks. However, most approaches treat the collection point selection and touring path planning as two independent problems, which leads to a sub-optimal solution for data collection. This article proposed an ant colony optimization based end-to-end data collection strategy to perform the collection point selection and the touring path planning simultaneously. The proposed algorithm first constructs a data-forwarding tree, and then heuristically selects collection points and plans a touring path at the same time. The performance evaluation shows that the end-to-end strategy can improve the network lifetime of wireless sensor network compared to other approaches, especially in the unbalanced distribution scenario of sensors. The end-to-end strategy is also capable of being integrated with other methods.

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Bernardo, John Benedict Lazaro, Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn, Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Bipun Man Pati y Ukesh Thapa. "Robust Human Activity Recognition for Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Smartphone Sensors: A Position-Independent Approach". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 22 (13 de noviembre de 2024): 10461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142210461.

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This study explores Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using smartphone sensors to address the challenges posed by position-dependent datasets. We propose a position-independent system that leverages data from accelerometers, gyroscopes, linear accelerometers, and gravity sensors collected from smartphones placed either on the chest or in the left/right leg pocket. The performance of traditional machine learning algorithms (Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), and XGBoost) is compared against deep learning models (Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN), and Transformer models) under two sensor configurations. Our findings highlight that the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) model consistently outperforms other models, particularly in the four-sensor non-overlapping configuration, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.70%. Deep learning models such as LSTM, GRU, and Transformer also demonstrate strong performance, showcasing their effectiveness in capturing temporal dependencies in HAR tasks. Traditional machine learning models, including RF and XGBoost, provide reasonable performance but do not match the accuracy of deep learning models. Additionally, incorporating data from linear accelerometers and gravity sensors led to slight improvements over using accelerometer and gyroscope data alone. This research enhances the recognition of passenger behaviors for intelligent transportation systems, contributing to more efficient congestion management and emergency response strategies.

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Alanis, Alma Y., Jesus G. Alvarez, Oscar D. Sanchez, Hannia M. Hernandez y Arturo Valdivia-G. "Fault-Tolerant Closed-Loop Controller Using Online Fault Detection by Neural Networks". Machines 12, n.º 12 (25 de noviembre de 2024): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12120844.

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This paper presents an online model-free sensor fault-tolerant control scheme capable of tolerating the most common faults affecting an induction motor. This approach involves using neural networks for fault detection to provide the controller with sufficient information to counteract adverse consequences due to sensor faults, such as degradation in performance, reliability, and even failures in the control system. The proposed approach does not consider the knowledge of the nominal model of the system or when the fault may occur. Therefore, a high-order recurrent neural network trained online by the Extended Kalman Filter is used to obtain a mathematical model of the system. The obtained model is used to synthesize a discrete-time sliding mode control. Then, the fault-detection and -isolation stage is performed by independent neural networks, which have as input the signal from the current sensor and the position sensor, respectively. In this way, the neural classifiers continuously monitor the sensors, showing the ability to know the sensor status. The combination of controller and fault detection maintains the operation of the motor during the time of the fault occurrence, whether due to sensor disconnection, degradation, or connection failure. In fact, the MLP neural network achieves an accuracy between 95% and 99% and shows an AUC of 97% to 99%, and this neural network correctly classifies true positives with acceptable performance. The Recall value is high, between 97% and 99%, and the F1 score confirms a good performance. In contrast, the CNN shows a higher accuracy, between 96% and 99% in accuracy and 98% to 99% in AUC. In addition, its Recall and F1 reflect a better balance and capacity to handle complex data, demonstrating its superiority to MLP in fault classification. Therefore, neural networks are a promising approach in areas such as fault-tolerant control.

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Yin, Fengmei. "Practice of Air Environment Quality Monitoring Data Visualization Technology Based on Adaptive Wireless Sensor Networks". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (27 de febrero de 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4160186.

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This paper begins by outlining the evolution and current state of traditional wireless sensor networks, followed by an examination of the principle and architecture of wireless sensor networks, as well as the challenges that traditional wireless sensor networks face in environmental monitoring. This paper designs and develops a data visualization system for wireless sensor networks based on the visualization system and the advantages of other visualization systems, after analyzing and comparing the current visualization systems for monitoring wireless sensor networks. A real-time monitoring system for urban air quality based on wireless sensor network is designed to solve the problem that the traditional method of combining manual sampling with laboratory analysis for air quality monitoring is expensive and cannot carry out real-time online monitoring for multiple points at the same time. The system’s implementation is based primarily on air quality monitoring data collected in the Shenyang area for visual display and analysis. The air quality monitoring system proposed in this paper has a complete structure and independent modules and is simple to use. The dynamic adaptability of the monitoring system is greatly improved by utilizing the self-adaptability and self-organization of wireless sensor networks, which brings great convenience to air quality monitoring.

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Preeti Sharma, Preety Sharma and Rakesh Kumar. "Relay Node Based Fault Recovery Technique in IEEE 802.15.4 based WBAN". International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, n.º 07 (20 de febrero de 2022): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst051236.

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Wireless sensor networks comprises of many individual nodes which interconnect to form a system that operates as one. These sensor nodes play the main task of sensing the environmental conditions and maybe control them too. A WBAN consist of portable, miniaturized, and independent sensor nodes for monitoring body function for health, sporting, emergency and entertainment, applications. It provides long term health monitoring of patients under natural physiological states without constraining their normal activities. In body sensor networks it allows communication between implanted devices and remote monitoring.The proposed algorithm reduces the chances the chances of fault in the network. The proposed and existing algorithms are implemented in NS2 and results are analyzed in terms of certain parameters

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Younis, Ossama, Sonia Fahmy y Paolo Santi. "An Architecture for Robust Sensor Network Communications". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 1, n.º 3-4 (1 de julio de 2005): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320500330786.

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Node clustering in sensor networks increases scalability, robustness, and energy-efficiency. In hostile environments, unexpected failures or attacks on cluster heads (through which communication takes place) may partition the network or degrade application performance. We propose REED (Robust Energy-Efficient Distributed clustering), for clustering sensors deployed in hostile environments in an interleaved manner with low complexity. Our primary objective is to construct a k-fault-tolerant (i.e., k-connected) clustered network, where k is a constant determined by the application. Fault tolerance is achieved by selecting k independent sets of cluster heads (i.e., cluster head overlays) on top of the physical network, so that each node can quickly switch to other cluster heads in case of failures. The independent cluster head overlays also give multiple vertex-disjoint routing paths for load balancing and security. Network lifetime is prolonged by selecting cluster heads with high residual energy and low communication cost, and periodically re-clustering the network. We prove that REED asymptotically achieves k-connectivity if certain conditions on node density are met. We also discuss inter-cluster routing and MAC layer considerations, and investigate REED clustering properties via extensive simulations.

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Cheng, Yongyang, Shuai Zhao, Bo Cheng, Xiwei Chen y Junliang Chen. "Modeling and Deploying IoT-Aware Business Process Applications in Sensor Networks". Sensors 19, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010111.

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The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is an important part of the next generation of information. Wireless sensor networks are composed of independent distributed smart sensor nodes and gateways. These discrete sensors constantly gather external physical information, such as temperature, sound, and vibration. Owing to the diversity of sensor devices and the complexity of the sensor sensing environment, the direct modeling of an IoT-aware business process application is particularly difficult. In addition, how to effectively deploy those designed applications to discrete servers in the heterogeneous sensor networks is also a pressing problem. In this paper, we propose a resource-oriented modeling approach and a dynamic consistent hashing (DCH)-based deploying algorithm to solve the above problems. Initially, we extended the graphic and machine-readable model of Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) 2.0 specification, making it able to support the direct modeling of an IoT-aware business process application. Furthermore, we proposed the DCH-based deploying algorithm to solve the problem of dynamic load balancing and access efficiency in the distributed execution environment. Finally, we designed an actual extended BPMN plugin in Eclipse. The approach presented in this paper has been validated to be effective.

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33

Wang, Ping y Shi Wu Xu. "Design of a Simple Self-Organizing and Multi-Hop Routing Algorithm Based on ZigBee Node". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (noviembre de 2011): 1393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1393.

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This paper briefly described the basic sensor network node architecture, point introduces the hardware design of the ZigBee Sensor nodes based on ATmega128L and CC2420, Power consumption of design node is low, smaller, higher integration, open to independent wireless communication module, multilayer, reducing the interference. And based on this hardware platform, Designed a self-organization Routing Protocol .Through networking experiments, verify the feasibility of the protocol. The protocol is very suitable for small-scale wireless sensor networks.

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34

Dilip Charaan, R. M., P. R. Therasa y P. Malathi. "A REVIEW ON DESCENDANTS OF LEACH PROTOCOL - A PRAGMATIC APPROACH". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, n.º 03 (31 de marzo de 2022): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14444.

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A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a Wireless Networks comprising of spatially disseminated independent sensors to screen physical or natural circumstances. The battery power in these sensor nodes assumes a significant part in expanding the life expectancy of the nodes. Hierarchical routing protocols are the most popular protocols to limit the energy utilization when compared to Flat Routing. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a traditional Cluster based routing protocol for WSNs having great execution, energy productivity, and successful in elongating the lifetime of the network life time by consuming a little level of the complete disseminated energy in the framework. This paper reviews the condition of craft of various progressed, enhanced routing protocols that have been created from the LEACH. This paper features a portion of the downsides and issues of LEACH how these issues are vanquished by the relatives of LEACH. Appraisal of descendants of LEACH routing protocols in advised with regards to versatility, self-association, and conveyance of nodes, network control, Hop count, energy proficiency, and utilization of data.

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35

Firdous, Sadia, Nargis Bibi, Madiha Wahid y Samah Alhazmi. "Efficient Clustering Based Routing for Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Network-Assisted Internet of Things". Electronics 11, n.º 23 (27 de noviembre de 2022): 3922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233922.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a huge part in arising innovations like smart applications, the Internet of Things, and numerous self-designed, independent applications. Energy exhaustion and efficient energy consumption are principal issues in wireless sensor networks. Energy is a significant and valuable asset of sensor nodes; early energy depletion ultimately leads to a shorter network lifetime and the replacement of sensor nodes. This research proposes a novel Power-Efficient Cluster-based Routing (PECR) algorithm. It takes in clustering using K-Means, the arrangement of Cluster Heads (CHs) and a Main Cluster Head (MCH), the optimal route choice, communication in light of the energy utilization model, cluster heads, and main cluster head alternation based on residual energy and relative location. PECR decreases traffic overburden, restricts energy usage, and at last, expands the network lifetime. Sensor nodes sense the information and transmit traffic to a Base Station (BS) through a legitimate channel. The results confirm it decreases the traffic overhead and effectively utilizes the energy assets. The simulation results show that PECR’s performance is 44% more improved than LEACH, EC, EECRP, and EECA algorithms. It is suitable for networks that require a stretched life.

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36

Alemdar, Hande, Yunus Durmus y Cem Ersoy. "Wireless Healthcare Monitoring with RFID-Enhanced Video Sensor Networks". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2010): 473037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/473037.

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In pervasive healthcare systems, WSNs provide rich contextual information and alerting mechanisms against odd conditions with continuous monitoring. Furthermore, they minimize the need for caregivers and help the chronically ill and elderly to survive an independent life. In this paper, we propose an outdoor monitoring environment and evaluate the capabilities of video sensor networks for healthcare monitoring in an outdoor setting. The results exhibit that their capabilities are limited. For this reason, we proposed several enhancements for reducing the traffic load on the network for better performance. RFID is a very mature technology that has already been used in many areas. The RFID-enhanced video sensor networks reduce the network traffic load. Moreover, the proximity of the healthcare professionals who are also moving in the surveillance area is also used for better balancing the network load. Finally, for assuring the reporting of the emergency events with low latencies, we propose an emergency frame based queuing mechanism and evaluated its performance through simulations.

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Wang, Jianmin y Xiaoqin Yang. "An Automatic Online Disaster Monitoring Network: Network Architecture and a Case Study Monitoring Slope Stability". International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, n.º 03 (30 de marzo de 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i03.7669.

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Geosensor networks(GSN) is an important development direction of the disaster monitoring in the future. An online automatic unattended disaster monitoring system can prevent and reduce the geology disaster to protect the safety of life and property. At present, most GSN are independent and usually service for respective community. The observations data of GSN are bigger and complex , and GSN is mostly heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. So this paper proposes a novel GSN disaster monitoring overall architecture, This architecture can seamlessly integrate sensors for long- term, remote, and near-real-time monitoring. In the architecture, there are four layers are used to collect, manage , transport and processing observation data. Among them, the data server layer applies the OGC SWE standards to integrate and share heterogeneous monitoring data. sensor metadata and observation data are packaged into a virtual sensor that are is transported from data center to application layer through Sensor Observation Service (SOS). To demonstrates the applicability of our proposed method, we use a case named PS-MDMs which are developed and deployed to support mine disaster monitoring and modeling research.

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38

Chavanne, Xavier y Jean-Pierre Frangi. "A Sensor to Monitor Soil Moisture, Salinity, and Temperature Profiles for Wireless Networks". Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 13, n.º 3 (27 de mayo de 2024): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan13030032.

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This article presents a wireless in situ sensor designed to continuously monitor profiles of parameters in porous media, such as soil moisture, salinity, and temperature. A review of existing in situ soil sensors reveals that it is the only device capable of measuring the complex permittivity of the medium, allowing for conversions into moisture and salinity that are independent of the instrument. Flow perturbation and invasiveness have also been minimized to maintain good representativeness. Plans include autonomous networks of such sensors, facilitated by the use of the recent radio mode LoRaWAN and cost optimizations for series production. Costs were reduced through electronic simplification and integration, and the use of low-cost modular sensing parts in soil, while still maintaining high measurement quality. A complete set of sensor data recorded during a three-month trial is also presented and interpreted.

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39

Clement Sunder, A. John y A. Shanmugam. "Black Hole Attack Detection in Healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks Using Independent Component Analysis Machine Learning Technique". Current Signal Transduction Therapy 15, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574362413666180705123733.

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Background: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are self-configured infrastructure-less networks are comprising of a number of sensing devices used to monitor physical or environmental quantities such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion etc. They collectively transmit data through the network to a sink where it is observed and analyzed. Materials and Methods: The major issues in WSN are interference, delay and attacks that degrade their performance due to their distributed nature and operation. Timely detection of attacks is imperative for various real time applications like healthcare, military etc. To improve the Black hole attack detection in WSN, Projected Independent Component Analysis (PICA) technique is proposed herewith, which detects black hole attack by analyzing collected physiological data from biomedical sensors. Results: The PICA technique performs attack detection through Mutual information to measure the dependence in the joint distribution. The dependence among the nodes is identified based on the independent probability distribution functions and mutual probability function. Conclusion: The black hole attack isolation is then performed through the distribution of the attack separation message. This supports to improve Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) with minimum delay. The simulation is carried out based on parameters such as black hole attack detection rate (BHADR), Black Hole Attack Detection Time (BHADT), False Positive Rate (FPR), PDR and delay.

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40

Wu, Hua Yong, Daniele Zonta, Matteo Pozzi, Paolo Zanon y Michele Corrà. "Historic Buildings: Long Term Stability Evaluation Using Wireless Sensor Networks". Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (octubre de 2010): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.235.

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An automatic diagnostic monitoring system can guarantee the safety and integrity of a historic building. In this paper, we describe the long term application of a wireless sensor network (WSN) for permanent health monitoring in the Torre Aquila, a historic tower in Trento, Italy. The system consists of accelerometers, thermometers and fiber optic sensors (FOS) with customized wireless modules and dedicated software designed for wireless communication. The whole system was completed and started operation in September 2008, and data from the various sensor nodes are collected continuously, save during periods of system maintenance and update. Based on the first 1.5 years of operation in assessing the stability of the tower, the WSN is seen to be an effective tool. Modal analysis indicates that the tower has two independent structural parts. A comparison between the acquired long term deformation measurements and simulated numerical results shows good agreement. Monitoring of ambient vibration suggests that such vibration is not now a source of concern for the stability of the tower.

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Hoque, M. M., M. G. Rashed, M. H. Kabir, A. F. M. Z. Abadin y M. I. Pramanik. "EAGBRP: A Gateway Based Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks". Journal of Scientific Research 13, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2021): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i2.50005.

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In most of the cluster-based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cluster heads (CHs) are selected from the normal sensors which may expire rapidly due to fast energy diminution for such an additional workload. As a consequence, the network lifetime of such cluster-based routing protocol reduces drastically. To resolve these constraints, in this study, we proposed a gateway-based routing protocol-namely Energy-Aware Gateway Based Routing Protocol (EAGBRP) for WSNs. In our proposed protocol, the deployed sensor nodes of a WSN were divided into five logical regions based on their location in the sensing field. The base station (BS) was installed out of the sensing area, and two gateway nodes were inaugurated at two predefined regions of the sensing area. The CH in each region is independent of the other regions and selected based on a weighted election probability. We implemented our proposed routing protocol through simulations. To evaluate the performance of our EAGBRP, we simulated SEP, M-GEAR, and MGBEHA (4GW) protocols. The network lifetime, throughput, and residual energy parameters are utilized for performance analysis. It is revealed from the performance analysis results that WSNs with EAGBRP achieve maximum network lifetime and throughput over other considered protocols with minimum energy consumption.

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42

Ban, Buri, Xuan Li y Miao Jin. "Resilient greedy routing on GPS-free surface sensor networks". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, n.º 4 (abril de 2020): 155014772091381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720913810.

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We design a greedy routing scheme specifically for GPS-free large-scale wireless sensor networks deployed on surfaces of complex-connected three-dimensional settings. Compared with other greedy embedding–based surface network routing scheme, the proposed one is cut free such that no pair of nodes suffers a long detour to reach each other. The routing scheme is designed to be resilient to node or link failures especially under random node or link failure model where each node in a network has an equal and independent probability of failure during some time interval. The proposed algorithm is fully distributed and scalable to both the size and the topological complexity of a network. Each sensor node requires only limited and constant storage. Simulation results show the proposed routing scheme with a higher successful delivery ratio, a lower average stretch factor, and a lower normalized communication cost compared with other resilient routing methods.

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43

Hebal, Sara, Lemia Louail y Saad Harous. "Latency and Energy Optimization Using MAC-Aware Routing for WSNs". International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 16, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2020010102.

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Protocols for wireless sensor networks are generally designed following the layered protocol stack where layers are independent. Uncorrelated decisions coming from different layers may affect certain metrics such as the latency of communications, the energy consumption, etc. Cross-layer approaches overcome this problem by exploiting the dependencies between the layers. In this article, the authors propose latency and energy mac-aware routing for wireless sensor networks (LEMAR-WSN), a new cross-layer routing approach using information of the TDMA schedule and exploiting the information of the energy consumed by each node in order to optimize the latency of communications and the energy consumption when relaying information to the sink in a wireless sensor network. Simulation results show that the proposed approach improves the average latency of communications up to 20% and the average.

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44

S. Raj, Jennifer y Abul Basar. "QOS OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING IN IOT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS". Journal of ISMAC 01, n.º 01 (9 de junio de 2019): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.1.002.

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The internet of things is a group of connected computing, digital and mechanical machines with the capability of being identified by other devices that are internet enabled. The wireless sensor networks is a gathering of sovereign sensing elements in combination with actuating, computing, communicating and energy storing devices to keep track of the continuous physical world changes. These clique of independent sensors that commune wirelessly incurring advantages such as low cost, limited power consumption, high scalability with adaptableness to hostile and harsh environments afford them to be connected with IOT to become a part of it, to trace the physical changes encountered in the things that are internet enabled. The conventional methods for connection establishment between WSNs with IOT are more energy consuming and prone to failures in terms of network life time, packet delivery ratio and delay. So the proposed methodology that uses the concatenation of clustering with neural and simple fuzzy rule based system supported by the shortest route determination to provide with an energy efficient and enhanced routing capabilities for IOT with WSNs ensures to have a route entrenchment with reduced power consumption and improvised QOS metrics. The performance analysis is done with regard to the packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, sensor network life time and delay to evidence it perfect functioning.

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45

Qaisi, Ramy Mohammed Aiesh, Farhad Fouladinia, Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet, John William Grimaldo Guerrero, Hassen Loukil, M. Ramkumar Raja, Mohammed Abdul Muqeet y Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh. "Intelligent Measuring of the Volume Fraction Considering Temperature Changes and Independent Pressure Variations for a Two-Phase Homogeneous Fluid Using an 8-Electrode Sensor and an ANN". Sensors 23, n.º 15 (5 de agosto de 2023): 6959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156959.

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Two-phase fluids are widely utilized in some industries, such as petrochemical, oil, water, and so on. Each phase, liquid and gas, needs to be measured. The measuring of the void fraction is vital in many industries because there are many two-phase fluids with a wide variety of liquids. A number of methods exist for measuring the void fraction, and the most popular is capacitance-based sensors. Aside from being easy to use, the capacitance-based sensor does not need any separation or interruption to measure the void fraction. In addition, in the contemporary era, thanks to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), measurement methods have become much more accurate. The same can be said for capacitance-based sensors. In this paper, a new metering system utilizing an 8-electrode sensor and a Multilayer Perceptron network (MLP) is presented to predict an air and water volume fractions in a homogeneous fluid. Some characteristics, such as temperature, pressure, etc., can have an impact on the results obtained from the aforementioned sensor. Thus, considering temperature changes, the proposed network predicts the void fraction independent of pressure variations. All simulations were performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for temperature changes from 275 to 370 degrees Kelvin. In addition, a range of 1 to 500 Bars, was considered for the pressure. The proposed network has inputs obtained from the mentioned software, along with the temperature. The only output belongs to the predicted void fraction, which has a low MAE equal to 0.38. Thus, based on the obtained result, it can be said that the proposed network precisely measures the amount of the void fraction.

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Cvejic, Nedeljko, David Bull y Nishan Canagarajah. "Improving Fusion of Surveillance Images in Sensor Networks Using Independent Component Analysis". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53, n.º 3 (agosto de 2007): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2007.4341582.

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47

Mao, Yingchi. "A Distributed Energy-Efficient Location-Independent Coverage Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks". Journal of Computer Research and Development 43, n.º 2 (2006): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20060201.

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48

Mao, Yingchi. "An Energy Efficient and Location-Independent QoS Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks". Journal of Computer Research and Development 43, n.º 6 (2006): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20060609.

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49

Arapoglu, Ozkan y Orhan Dagdeviren. "Distributed Self-Stabilizing Capacitated Maximal Independent Set Construction in Wireless Sensor Networks". Wireless Personal Communications 114, n.º 4 (15 de junio de 2020): 3271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07528-3.

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Szurley, Joseph, Alexander Bertrand y Marc Moonen. "Topology-Independent Distributed Adaptive Node-Specific Signal Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks". IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks 3, n.º 1 (marzo de 2017): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsipn.2016.2623095.

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