Literatura académica sobre el tema "Indirect Refusal"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Indirect Refusal".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Indirect Refusal"
1
Dewi, I. Ar, D. K. Tantra, L. P. Artini y N. M. Ratminingsih. "Refusal Strategies Used By Multi-Nationality Students". JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) 8, n.º 1 (18 de junio de 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i1.14764.
Texto completoResumen
This descriptive qualitative study was aimed at exploring refusal strategies used by the students of primary level of Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School (GMIS) Bali in requesting, offering, inviting, and suggesting. The students being involved as the subject of this study were multi nationality (Indonesian, Indian, Russian, and Japanese) male and female students of the third, fourth and fifth grade which were determined using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through observation, recording, and note taking employing video recorder, camera, and field note as the instruments of the data collection. Data analysis in this study was done through four concurrent activities covering data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that, in context of request across nationalities, view from the frequency (percentage of refusals) it shows direct refusal is highly used by Russian while it is lowest used by Indonesian students. On the contrary indirect strategy is more often used by Indonesian students. while in context of refusing an offer. it reflects that Indonesian is mostly to refuse it in direct way but this is contrast with Russian who perform direct refusal in less frequent. This condition is in context of refusing in indirect way. the data reveals that Russian are more often to refuse the offering in indirect way while Indonesian is the lowest. In context of refusing invitation, nationality which is the highest used of direct refusal is Indian while nationality which was prefer to perform indirect refusal is Russian. In addition, in context of Suggestion, direct refusal is highly performed by Russian whereas indirect refusal is more often used by Japanese students.
2
Alaboudi, Samah Saleh. "Issuing a Refusal: How Female Saudi Speakers of Arabic Say No". International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, n.º 5 (30 de agosto de 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.5p.81.
Texto completoResumen
The study examines the refusal strategies used by Saudi female speakers of Arabic. More specifically, the study aims at exploring the most frequently used refusal strategies by those speakers and how directness might have an effect on that use. A modified version in Arabic of a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) that was originally developed and used by Beebe et al. (1990) is used to elicit the data. The written questionnaire consists of nine situations. The initiating acts are three requests, three invitations and three offers which were designed to elicit refusals. The situations specify the context and the social status of interlocutors. The data is analyzed using a modified version of a classification scheme of refusal strategies developed be Beebe et al. (1990). The analysis focuses on the semantic formulas used for each situation and the frequency of each refusal strategy. The results reveal that the order of the semantic formulas in the responses of the participants differed across the initiating acts and the status differences. ‘Excuse/Reason’, an indirect refusal strategy, is used the most by the participants in their refusals. The excuses/reasons that the participants give tend to be lacking detail and of an uncontrollable nature. ‘Negative Ability’ is another frequently used strategy. Although a direct strategy, the participants still show their awareness of the need to lessen the threat that their refusal poses on the interlocutor by using other indirect strategies and adjuncts to accompany the direct one. The participants used more indirect refusal strategies than direct which might indicate that the participants are trying to mitigate their refusals by being less direct.
3
Huong, Truong Thi Lan. "Expressions of indirect refusal in Vietnamese (compared with Russian)". Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 5, n.º 2 (2 de junio de 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v5i2.670.
Texto completoResumen
In Pragmatics, verbal behavior is a behavior that is most interested by many linguists. One of the behaviors is the act of rejection, the universal behavior of all languages. In intercultural conversations, the act of rejection is a very important behavior. Politeness in communication is a general principle in the social interaction of each culture. It is not easy to be polite when performing the acts of refusing without losing the other person's face. Refusal is a common act in communication, especially in intercultural communication. In the case that the proposed invitations, suggestions or requests, etc. are not suitable to receive, refusal in a proper manner is needed. Moreover, choosing the form of indirect refusal is an effective way of responding. They both express the declination of requests and the face saving for the listener. Based on literary works either published or uploaded onto the internet, this study focuses on formulas expressing indirect refusals in Vietnamese (compared with Russian). Thereby, contributing to the efficiency enhancement of the learning of this speech act used for both Vietnamese learners of the Russian language and Russian-speaking learners of the Vietnamese language.
4
Turki, Hutheifa Y., Juma’a Q. Hussein y Ahmed A. Al-Kubaisy. "Cross-Sectional Study of Refusal Speech Act Used by Iraqi Undergraduate Students". Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp166-173.
Texto completoResumen
This paper is conducted to investigate how Iraqi EFL learners refuse different speech acts across different proficiency levels. It aims to examine the most appropriate strategies used by 2nd year students of English as compared to those of 4th year when refusing their interlocutors' invitation, suggestion, and offer. WDCT questionnaire was used to collect data from 40 Iraqi undergraduate students of English: 20 2nd year and 20 4th year. Adopting Beebe et al.'s (1990) theory of refusal, data collected was analyzed quantitatively using statistical analysis. The findings revealed that the 2nd year students of English were more frequent in using direct refusals than their 4th year counterparts. This means the latter were more aware of using refusals politely than the former. On the other hand, the findings showed that 4th year students more frequent in their use of indirect refusal strategies that the 2nd year students. This indicates that the EFL learners of low proficiency level might not bridge the gap between the pragmalinguistic strategies and the grammatical form of the target language. This means that they were not pragmatically competent of the use of the appropriate pragmalinguistic strategies. This implies that the 2nd year students need to pay more attention to pragmatics and use their refusal strategies appropriately. Thus, the paper recommends conducting further research on the use of refusal speech act in Arabic and English.
5
Pasaribu, Arsen Nahum, Erika Sinambela, Tiara K. Pasaribu, Jubil Ezer Sihite y Rony Arahta Sembiring. "The Strategies of Refusing Requests By Students of Different Ethnic Groups". Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i1.2178.
Texto completoResumen
This study investigated the strategies used by students of different ethnic groups (Batak, Javanese, and Malay) in refusing requests. A total of 30 participants were involved in this research. Each ethnic group was represented by 10 students that came from three different universities in Medan, Indonesia. Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by using refusal categorization. The results showed that the participants preferred to use indirect refusal strategies to respond to lecturer’s requests, and followed by direct and adjunct strategies respectively. This study also indicated that Batak students performed refusal acts more direct than any other Javanese or Malay students. Meanwhile Javanese students tend to employ refusals more indirect compared to any other students. The Malay students performed the acts moderately. The results indicated that the refusal strategies used by the students of three different cultural backgrounds might be influenced by their cultural circumstances. Future studies should be undertaken to investigate the phenomena in different research settings with more participants to be involved.
6
Lailah, Umi Nur y Susie Chrismalia Garnida. "STRATEGIES IN THE TRANSLATION OF REFUSAL EXPESSIONS IN JOHN GREEN’S PAPER TOWNS". ANAPHORA: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 1, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v1i2.2090.
Texto completoResumen
This article examined about translation from English to Indonesian related to non-equivalence words on expression of refusal either directly or indirectly, and the using of translation strategies in adjusting non-equivalence. This study focused to expression of refusal either directly or indirectly in English on Paper Towns novel by John Green (2008) as a source of data. There are 33 total data, consists of 22 of expression of indirect refusal and 11 expression of direct refusal. Those data are analysed by descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that strategy used for solving non equivalence problem in this translation are seven (7): (1) translation by more general word, (2) translation by more neutral word, (3) translation by cultural substitution, (4) translation using a loan word, (5) translation by paraphrasing using a related word, (6) translation by paraphrasing using an unrelated word, and (7) translation by omission. From all those strategies, strategies five (5) is often used in the translation because there is no suitable expression in Indonesian from English.
7
Rifandi, Dede Rama, Wahyu Kamil y Wiyasukti Ningksih. "Refusal Strategies in the Movie The Walking Dead". PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 11, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v11i2.461.
Texto completoResumen
This research discussed refusal strategies used by the characters in the movie The Walking Dead in season 9 featuring 16 episodes. This research aimed to find out type of refusal strategies and the mostly used by the characters in the movie. This research focused on Beebe, Takahashi and Uliss-Weltz’s theory about direct and indirect refusal. Then, the data were analyzed by using qualitative descriptive method. To get the data, it used subtitle itself on the movie by watching all of episodes to find out valid data. The research results show that there are 35 data. There were 18 direct refusal, 13 indirect refusal and four data that used two strategies in one conversation. Therefore, the mostly used is direct refusal, 18 times. Direct refusal used non-performative statement and negative willingness while indirect refusal used as giving reason, explanation, attempt to dissuade interlocutor, statement of regret, avoidance (verbal and non-verbal), unspecific reply, and adjuncts to refusal that is appreciation.
8
Boonkongsaen, Nathaya. "Filipinos and Thais Saying “No” in English". MANUSYA 16, n.º 1 (2013): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01601002.
Texto completoResumen
This study investigated the use of refusal strategies conducted in English between Filipinos and Thais. The purpose of the study was to examine if the frequency of refusal strategies varied according to the situations and social status of the interlocutors. Data were collected through a discourse completion task (DCT). Findings indicated that both groups preferred to use indirect strategies to the direct ones. In general, Filipinos were more direct than Thais when dealing with refusals. Thais were less direct than Filipinos when declining the interlocutor of higher status. As language and culture are intimately related, English refusal strategies used by Filipinos and Thais reflected tendencies in their social norms.
9
Anggraini, Rianda y Ambalegin Ambalegin. "The Refusal Speech Act in "Me Before You" Movie". IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 8, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2020): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1565.
Texto completoResumen
This study aimed at identifying the strategies in refusal in Me Before You. This movie was adapted by the novel and the writer’s name is Jojo Moyes. Refusal has two types, they are indirect and direct refusal. Indirect refusal is mostly used because it can decrease the negative effect (FTA) of refusal itself. The strategies of indirect refusal are found alternative, reason and explanation, request for aditional information, apology or regret, repetition of part previous discourse, and posponement. The study applied an observational method and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto. Then, this study applied pragmatics method to analyze the data. The finding showed that there were 5 utterances that contained request for additional information and this strategy was mostly used by the characters in this movie.
10
Putri, Ni Made Mia Septiarini, Ngurah Indra Pradhana y I. Nyoman Rauh Artana. "Ujaran Penolakan dalam Bahasa Jepang dan Bahasa Bali". Jurnal SAKURA : Sastra, Bahasa, Kebudayaan dan Pranata Jepang 2, n.º 1 (29 de febrero de 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/js.2020.v02.i01.p05.
Texto completoResumen
The study, entitled "Refusal in Japanese and Balinese" aims to find out the refusal strategies in Japanese and Balinese contained in Japanese novels Narataaju and Balinese novels Sentana.The theory used in this study is the theory of Refusal Strategy according to Beebe et al. (1990) and Theory of Determination of Politeness Factors according to Mizutani and Mizutani (1987). This research uses descriptive analysis method in presenting data.The analysis shows that in Narataaju's novel there are three strategies of refusal. Three data with direct refusal strategy, five data with indirect refusal strategy, and two data with mixed refusal strategy. Factors influencing refusal in Japanese are social relations and intimacy. There are six forms of rejection strategies in Japanese. In the Balinese novel Sentana there are also three strategies of refusal. Two data with direct refusal strategy, four data with indirect refusal strategy and two data with mixed refusal strategy. Factors influencing refusal in Balinese are situation, social status, and age. From the results of the study found two similarities and one difference in the refusal in Japanese and Balinese.
Keyword: refusal, strategy, factor
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Indirect Refusal"
1
Krieger, Heike. "Sentenza 238/2014: A Good Case for Law-Reform?" En Remedies against Immunity?, 71–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_4.
Texto completoResumen
AbstractSentenza 238/2014 is an important judgment which does not only concern the concrete case at hand but also pushes for a change in the law of state immunity. However, such attempts at law-making by national courts may not always attain their goal but may exert adverse effects which are harmful for the international legal order. Sentenza 238/2014 may have an impact on three different yet related issues central to the future development of international law: the relationship between international and national law, exceptions to immunities, and individual reparations in cases of mass atrocities.This chapter criticises law-making through non-compliance with international judicial decisions by national courts. Judges in democratic states under the rule of law who try to push for law-reform, by initiating non-compliance with decisions of international courts, should be aware that they may act in the company, and thereby in support of, courts in regimes with autocratic tendencies, such as the Russian Constitutional Court, which refuses to comply with judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. Furthermore, the chapter argues that immunity from jurisdiction and immunity from execution should be kept distinct and that human rights exceptions should not be applied to immunity from execution. Such a differentiation remains justified because measures of constraint against property used for government non-commercial purposes intrude even further onto sovereign rights than the institution of proceedings before courts in the forum state. It is particularly difficult for states to protect assets and other property situated in a foreign state. These assets may therefore be more susceptible to abusive enforcement measures while simultaneously forming an essential basis for the actual conduct of international relations.The chapter concludes by advocating a cautious approach to individual reparations in cases of mass atrocities. This more cautious approach observes the complexities of ending armed conflicts and negotiating peace deals. An individual right to monetary compensation based on civil claims processes does not allow for taking into account broader political considerations related to establishing a stable post-war order. Such a right is conducive to bilateral settlements between the state parties concerned, which might create new injustices towards other groups of victims. It might also overburden negotiations for a settlement to an ongoing armed conflict.The chapter thereby starts from the assumption that the stability of the international legal order itself as guaranteed by concepts such as immunities or the respect for its judicial organs serves to protect human rights, albeit indirectly.
2
Medearis, John. "On the Strike and Democratic Protest". En Protest and Dissent, 237–68. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479810512.003.0010.
Texto completoResumen
Many people recognize that strikes have important instrumental or indirect democratic benefits, especially ones resulting from their effect on economic and political inequality. Meanwhile, some theorists have made robust arguments recently for the republican value of strikes, showing how strikers’ cessation of labor resists two forms of domination linked to employment. In this chapter, I push beyond both these arguments to show that strikes are in themselves democratically valuable forms of collective action—and that they are illustrative, even exemplary, of important things we should remember about all forms of democratic protest. The democratic case for the strike, I contend, rests on recognizing the strike as more than just cessation or refusal—as a positive statement about the effort, skill, and agency of workers, and as a multifaceted collective action of a particular egalitarian kind. Strikes consist of workers striving to act together, on equal terms, building horizontal relations with each other, to resist economic domination and to achieve some rough sort of collective management of the terms of labor. And reflection on strikes and labor organizing reminds us of the significance of recognizing democratic protest as skillful and difficult political work.
3
"Comprehension of indirect opinions and refusals in L2 Japanese". En Mouton Series in Pragmatics, editado por Naoko Taguchi. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110218558.249.
Texto completo
4
Jacoby, Robin. "Suicide and deliberate self-harm in elderly people". En New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1564–67. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0204.
Texto completoResumen
Although in some countries suicide rates in young males have risen dramatically in the last decade or so, suicide in old age is important because rates in older people, especially those over 74, are still proportionately higher in most countries of the world where reasonably reliable statistics can be obtained. For example, in 2004 in Lithuania where suicide incidence is currently the highest, the overall rate in males per 100 000 total population was 70.1, but in men over 74 the rate was 80.2. In the United States, where suicide is neither especially common nor rare, in 2002 the overall rate for males per 100 000 total population was 17.9, but 40.7 in men over 74. Rates for older women are nearly always much lower than for their male counterparts. A second reason for the importance of suicide in old age is that the proportion of older people in the population is rising worldwide. Indeed, the increase in developing countries is likely to be even greater than in developed countries. Although rates vary from year to year and birth cohort to cohort, it is highly likely that unless suicide prevention becomes a great deal more effective than at present, more and more older people will kill themselves in the coming years. As with younger people, completed suicide in old age may be seen as part of a continuum from suicidal thinking through deliberate self-harm (which does not lead to death), to completed suicide. An added component within this continuum for older people is that of ‘indirect self-destructive behaviour’, such as refusal to eat and drink or ‘turning one's face to the wall’ which is clearly intended to hasten death. Finally, although this section does not deal with euthanasia and related issues, assisted suicide in people with terminal illness such Alzheimer's disease and cancer may also be seen as part of the suicide continuum.
5
Admussen, Nick. "What Is a Chinese Prose Poem?" En Recite and Refuse. University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824856526.003.0002.
Texto completoResumen
Chapter one traces a reading process that ends in a metaphoric and hermeneutic definition of prose poetry. Reading Heidegger through Celan, and engaging with western theories of genre, it moves from the much-discussed insufficiency of categorical definitions of the genre to the need to describe prose poetry as the product of particular compositional processes, then determines that we can describe those processes as the condensation of prose writing, the recitation of previous prose art, and the refusal to be identical to previous prose art. These processes are simultaneous, and complexly interrelated; they take place, as Chinese scholars point out, inside poems, and indirectly determine their exteriors. The chapter includes translations of compositions from the 1976 Tiananmen demonstrations, and recent prose poetry by Xi Chuan and others.
6
McGlazer, Ramsey. "Surviving Marius". En Old Schools, 25–58. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286591.003.0002.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter considers Walter Pater’s late-career engagements with the old school and “mechanical exercise.” The chapter argues that these engagements index a refusal of the liberalism that Pater’s earlier work embraced. Whereas Pater’s readers have tended to understand this refusal as a “retreat,” this chapter reads Pater’s turn to mechanical and pedagogical—as well as ritual—forms as critical rather than reactionary or nostalgic. As he challenges what he sees as an impoverishment of thought, imagination, and memory in the present—a loss of contact with the past’s “complications of influence”—Pater returns repeatedly to “the older method” of instruction in his late essays, lectures, and fiction. Through their engagement with this method and other “survivals” from the past, these texts, including Marius the Epicurean, indirectly make the case for the old school. Pater shows that such a school produces or enforces a sociality that is at once temporal and spatial and thus contrasts starkly with the new school advocated by reformers, which isolates the individual student whom it privileges. Pater instead teaches us to affirm the relations that progressive education denies, relations that sustain a “reserve” that is also a minimal resistance.
7
Hartling, Ole. "Legalisering af dødshjælp – den indirekte afvisning". En Dødshjelp i Norden? Etikk, klinikk og politikk, 105–23. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.96.ch5.
Texto completoResumen
Legalisation of assisted dying is supported in particular by two arguments: 1) avoiding unbearable suffering and 2) respecting the right of self-determination (individual autonomy). This chapter raises objections to both. It is problematic that assisted dying aims to remove the suffering by eliminating the sufferer. The argument for respect for the right of self-determination is also analysed, with emphasis on autonomy in the sense that the Danish Health Care Act affords an unlimited right to refuse treatment, but not a right to demand a specific treatment. Whether autonomy is genuinely possible in connection with assisted dying is questioned, as autonomy will always be relative to an assessment of the patient’s quality of life. How assisted dying can affect the patient-physician relationship is also discussed. Finally, there is the conclusion that if the distressed and despairing person is met with the suggestion that now death is to be preferred, this also sends a message that the person is dispensable.
8
Hazel, Fox y Webb Philippa. "Part I General Concepts, 1 The Institution of Proceedings and the Nature of the Plea of State Immunity". En The Law of State Immunity. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198744412.003.0002.
Texto completoResumen
This introductory chapter examines the nature of the plea of immunity and locates it as a preliminary procedural plea in relation to other preliminary pleas in national proceedings. The plea of State immunity prevents a foreign State being made party to proceedings in the national court of another State directly, or indirectly by the bringing of proceedings against its property, and thereby preventing the subjection of an independent State to proceedings in another country relating to a dispute about its activities. The recognizable attributes of a plea of State immunity are that it is a plea, that these are proceedings brought in a court, that they are against a foreign State, and that which by law results in the refusal of the forum court to hear the case.
9
Berman, Elise. "“Give Me My Food”". En Talking Like Children, 85–106. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876975.003.0005.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter analyzes the production of relative age through discussing children’s efforts to get other children to give. It explicitly contrasts children’s direct modes of interaction with the indirect adult-adult interaction patterns discussed in chapter 3. The chapter focuses on one small child who walked into a church while sucking on a lollipop and three older children who attempted to get him to share his food. These four children did a number of things that adults avoid: display their food in public, directly demand food, directly criticize and insult other children, and directly refuse to give. These direct forms of speech are not natural results of children’s immaturity. Rather, they are techniques through which children mark and negotiate their hierarchical status relationships—who has power over whom. The chapter argues that these power negotiations are also age negotiations. Through their speech, children index themselves as children and construct relative age.
10
Čolaković, Maja. "Obaveza ljekara na pružanje medicinskih usluga v. prigovor savjesti u medicini". En Medicina, pravo in družba: sodobne dileme IV, 168–85. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-478-1.10.
Texto completoResumen
The patient's right to available and accessible healthcare is correlated with the physician's obligation to provide the appropriate medical services. More recently, in medical practice in several countries, there have been an increasing number of cases where physicians (and other healthcare providers) refuse to provide a specific medical service, referring to their religious and moral beliefs i.e. the right to conscientious objection. Do physicians violate their professional obligation to act for the benefit of the patient and provide the necessary medical services? Does this interfere with the patient's right to self-determination and his other rights? Does this lead to discrimination against patients and indirect imposition of physicians' moral and religious beliefs? These are just several questions raised in theory and practice due to the conscientious objection in medicine. This paper explores the doctrinal and legislative approaches of the right to conscientious objection in medicine in Europe and worldwide.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Indirect Refusal"
1
Crommelin, G. A. K. "Small-Scale Well-Proven Inherently Safe Nuclear Power Conversion". En ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30509.
Texto completoResumen
Over the last few years a number of papers have discussed the progress on studies and thoughts on small-scale nuclear power. Nuclear power conversion systems aiming for the t of the non-utility markets, such as the stand-alone heat generation, Combined Heat & Power production, stand-alone electricity conversion and ship propulsion. The design of these installations must fully comply with the philosophies as are common in these markets, where the expression “the engine is a means to an end” applies. So design to cost, design to be operated by non professional energy producers, to be managed by a pool-management system, maintained, repaired and overhauled by replacement, etc. The paper will discuss such a design. So far all papers mentioned have discussed the gas turbine directly coupled to the heat source. However the helium turbine is considered quite a challenge for the gas turbine industry, so alternatives had to be found. At the moment the possibilities of gas turbines with an indirect heat source (to burn refuse, wood, refinery waste, etc.) are getting much more attention. The paper therefore will discuss how an inherently safe, well proven, nuclear heat source can be coupled by an Intermediate Heat Exchanger to a recuperative, existing but adapted gas turbine.
2
Lunghi, P. y R. Burzacca. "Gasification and Fuel Cell Integration With Bottoming Turbine Cycle: Performances of a Hybrid Plant for Electricity Production". En ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1740.
Texto completoResumen
The increasing need of energy resources along with the growing environmental interest promote the creation of new concepts in the field of energy production and management strategies. The development of high temperature fuel cells, suitable for stationary energy production, is one of the most promising aspects, able to bring a significant change in the power generation scenario. One of the most important features for fuel cells is the potential coupling with advanced gasification systems, thus enabling the possibility of energy recovery from waste, RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and biomass. The gasification process transfers the energetic value of the original solid fuel to a gaseous product rich in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and dioxide, and other compounds. A post-gasification treatment removes tars, particulates, impurities and makes the gas suitable for power production in a fuel cell unit. In this work an example of an innovative plant for biomass utilization has been considered. The plant includes a gasification section and a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell unit, coupled with a hot gas cleanup system. For gasification technology, a recent typology was considered involving an indirect heating system such as the Battelle process. Gaseous streams conveyed to the cell after the conditioning processes were considered. In order to achieve higher efficiencies, a bottoming cycle has been added. It comprises a turbine power plant integrated with the gasification and fuel cell lay-out. In the turbine cycle air is compressed in the operating pressure and internally heated by the waste heat of the fuel cell and of the gasification process. The expanded air is then used in the combustion reactor of the gasification system. The proposed plant allows high electric efficiency and high flexibility in choosing for air compression ratio and unit size; sensitivity analyses were performed.