Artículos de revistas: "Infection aerogene"

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Yahya, Esam Bashir, Fauziah Jummaat, A. A. Amirul, A. S. Adnan, N. G. Olaiya, C. K. Abdullah, Samsul Rizal, M. K. Mohamad Haafiz y H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "A Review on Revolutionary Natural Biopolymer-Based Aerogels for Antibacterial Delivery". Antibiotics 9, n.º 10 (28 de septiembre de 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100648.

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A biopolymer-based aerogel has been developed to become one of the most potentially utilized materials in different biomedical applications. The biopolymer-based aerogel has unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and these properties are used in tissue engineering, biosensing, diagnostic, medical implant and drug delivery applications. Biocompatible and non-toxic biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose and alginates have been used to deliver antibiotics, plants extract, essential oils and metallic nanoparticles. Antibacterial aerogels have been used in superficial and chronic wound healing as dressing sheets. This review critically analyses the utilization of biopolymer-based aerogels in antibacterial delivery. The analysis shows the relationship between their properties and their applications in the wound healing process. Furthermore, highlights of the potentials, challenges and proposition of the application of biopolymer-based aerogels is explored.

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Thiolas, Aurélie, Claude Bollet, Bernard La Scola, Didier Raoult y Jean-Marie Pagès. "Successive Emergence of Enterobacter aerogenes Strains Resistant to Imipenem and Colistin in a Patient". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, n.º 4 (abril de 2005): 1354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.4.1354-1358.2005.

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ABSTRACT Enterobacter aerogenes is an agent of hospital-acquired infection that exhibits a remarkable resistance to β-lactam antibiotics during therapy. Five successive isolates of E. aerogenes infecting a patient and exhibiting a multiresistance phenotype to β-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones were investigated. Among these clinical strains, four presented resistant phenotypes during successive imipenem and colistin treatments. The involved resistance mechanisms exhibited by the successive isolates were associated with alterations of the outer membrane that caused a porin decrease and lipopolysaccharide modifications.

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Ulubaş Işık, Dilek, Ahmet Yagmur Bas, Ferit Kulali, Beyza Ozcan, Sezin Unal, Husniye Yucel y Nihal Demirel. "Nosocomial Infection Outbreak with Enterobacter aerogenes at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Its Outcomes". Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 14, n.º 05 (28 de mayo de 2019): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691780.

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Objective Health care associated infections (HAIs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Enterobacter aerogenes, a gram-negative bacterium, rarely causes HAI in the pediatric and NICUs. We report the case of a HAI outbreak of E. aerogenes in an NICU and discuss the clinical spectrum and outcome of the affected preterm newborns and successful prevention measures. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a level III NICU of Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital. The infants with blood cultures positive for E. aerogenes during the outbreak were enrolled. Perinatal risk factors, laboratory findings, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis were recorded. Clinical applications and prevention measures were identified. Results A preterm infant of 27 weeks of gestation who was diagnosed on the eighth postnatal day was the initial case of the reported outbreak of health care associated E. aerogenes infection. Subsequently, 12 more infants were diagnosed in the next 3 months. Infants' mean gestational age was 27.1 ± 2.3 weeks, and mean birthweight was 902 ± 161 g. The clinical symptoms at presentation were respiratory distress, sclerema, circulatory failure, and shock, which appeared at a mean age of 7.6 ± 5.8 days. Analysis of E. aerogenes strains revealed that all strains were of the same clonal type. Eight patients died in follow-up due to E. aerogenes septicemia during this outbreak. The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and death was 1.5 ± 1 days. Conclusion Outbreaks of health care associated E. aerogenes infection result in a high mortality rate among very low birthweight infants. Awareness of adjustable risk factors and preventive measures to control the outbreak decreases both morbidity and mortality.

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Tuon, Felipe F., Camila Scharf, Jaime L. Rocha, Juliette Cieslinsk, Guilherme Nardi Becker y Lavinia N. Arend. "KPC-producing Enterobacter aerogenes infection". Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 19, n.º 3 (mayo de 2015): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2015.01.003.

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Mardhia, Mardhia, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin y Abror Irsan. "Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Among Diabetic Outpatients with Urinary Tract infection in Pontianak". Microbiology Indonesia 14, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.3.1.

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Diabetic patients are associated with a higher risk of infection. The research purposed to identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns among diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in Pontianak. An experimental study was performed for 13 bacterial isolates of diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in the Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. The disc diffusion method was used to perform the susceptibility of antibiotics to the bacterial isolates. Among 13 isolates, the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli (53.85%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.77%). Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes were 7.69%. Most isolates of bacteria of the study had a high sensitivity to Cefepime (92.31%), then followed by Levofloxacin, Amikacin, and Meropenem for 84.62%. The study revealed low sensitivity of bacteria to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone (30.77%, 23.08 %, 23.08%, 23.08%, respectively). All bacterial isolates had high resistance to Ampicillin. Moreover, multidrug resistance observed among bacterial isolates. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, diabetes, urinary tract infections

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HUANG, FANG, SHUANG LI, LAN LOU, JUNJUN MO y HAO XU. "Comparative Genomic Analysis and Phenotypic Characterization of Bronchoscope-Associated Klebsiella aerogenes". Polish Journal of Microbiology 70, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2021): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-038.

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Bronchoscopes have been linked to outbreaks of nosocomial infections. The phenotypic and genomic profiles of bronchoscope-associated Klebsiella aerogenes isolates are largely unknown. In this work, a total of 358 isolates and 13 isolates were recovered from samples after clinical procedures and samples after decontamination procedures, respectively, over the five months. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing found seven K. aerogenes isolates exhibiting a low-level resistance to antimicrobial agents. Among seven K. aerogenes isolates, we found five sequence types (STs) clustered into three main clades. Collectively, this study described for the first time the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of bronchoscope-associated K. aerogenes.

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Qin, Xiaohua, Yang Yang, Fupin Hu y Demei Zhu. "Hospital clonal dissemination of Enterobacter aerogenes producing carbapenemase KPC-2 in a Chinese teaching hospital". Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2014): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.064865-0.

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Carbapenems are first-line agents for the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenems has increased dramatically among Enterobacteriaceae in our hospital. In this study, we report clonal dissemination caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes (CREA). In 2011, CREA was identified from 12 patients admitted to the neurosurgical ward. All 12 clinical isolates were non-susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, ertapenem, imipenem or meropenem. All isolates carried the gene encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2), except for the isolate E4. However, a remarkably lower expression level of the porin OmpF was detected in the non-KPC-2-producing isolate E4 on SDS-PAGE compared with the carbapenem-susceptible isolate. Epidemiological and molecular investigations showed that a single E. aerogenes strain (PFGE type A), including seven KPC-2-producing clinical isolates, was primarily responsible for the first isolation and subsequent dissemination. In a case-control study, we identified risk factors for infection/colonization with CREA. Mechanical ventilation, the changing of sickbeds and previous use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were identified as potential risk factors. Our findings suggest that further studies should focus on judicious use of available antibiotics, implementation of active antibiotic resistance surveillance and strict implementation of infection-control measures to avoid the rapid spread or clonal dissemination caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthcare facilities.

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Garna, Herry. "Catheter Related Infections in Pediatric Patients". Paediatrica Indonesiana 33, n.º 5-6 (21 de enero de 2019): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi33.5-6.1993.108-14.

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During a 9-month prospective study, from August, 1988 to April, 1989, a total number of 4328 hospitalized pediatric patients at the Department of Child Health, Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, were observed to identify skin and soft tissue nosocomial infections (not included postoperative), especially catheter related injections. The gastroentestinal tract was the most frequent site of nosocomial infections (44.3%), then subsequently followed by skin infection (22.6%), bacteremia (16.3%) and urinary tract infection (14.1%). The most frequent cause of nosocomial skin infections like phlebitis was IVFD occurring in 82 out of 93 patients (88.2%). The overall phlebitis attact rate was 4.2% . When the duration of infusion is devided into 3 groups of 0-36 hours, 37-72 hours and ≥ 73 hours, then it becomes clear that the longer the duration of infusion, the higher the attack rate (x2=8.07, p<0.05). Klebsiella pneumonia seemed to be the pathogen most frequently associated with nosocomial skin infections (26. 7%), followed by Enterobacter aerogenes (20.0%), and then E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and S. aureus 13.3% each. It could be concluded that the risk of contracting phlebitis from JVFD with a duration of ≥ 73 hours was. 1.9 times higher than that of less than 72 hours.

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Matsas O. Yu., Mychalchuk G. A., Tsaryova O. M., Mulkina O. I. y Slobodyanyuk O. M. "THE USE OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR THE ETIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS DURING THE WINTER PERIOD". World Science 2, n.º 1(41) (31 de enero de 2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31012019/6297.

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The study analyzed the epidemiological situation of acute intestinal infections in the winter. Surveyed 98 patients. Bacteriologically, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria cultures were isolated in 33.7%, conditionally pathogenic cultures prevailed: Staphylococcus aureus - 23.5%, Enterococcus aerogenes - 20.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae - 20.5%, Citrobacter freundii - 14.7%, Salmonella enteritidis - 11.7%, Proteus vulgaris - 5.8%, and the heteropathogenic Escherichia coli O142 was detected in 2.9%. Specific fragments of viral RNA in 37.6% were identified by the molecular-biological method, Rotavirus A dominated - 55.2%, Norovirus 2 genotype was found in 39.4%. More often, the infection was caused by only one pathogen. Etiological factor is not defined in 33.7%.

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Rabevazaha, Ny Ando A., Vonintsoa L. Rahajamanana, Todisoa N. Andriatahina, Elsa H. Rakotojoelimaria, Andrianina H. Ranivoson y Annick L. Robinson. "Epidemiological and bacteriological profile of neonatal bacterial infections seen in hospital pediatric in Antananarivo". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, n.º 12 (27 de noviembre de 2019): 4443. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195184.

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Background: Neonatal bacterial infection is one of the leading causes of new-born morbidity and mortality. Bacterial ecology is not known in our unit, no study has been devoted to this subject. This work aimed to determine the germs responsible for neonatal bacterial infections and their level of sensitivity to the usual antibiotics.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the Neonatology Department from January 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019 (16 months) including all newborns under 29 days hospitalized during the study period and possessing positive bacteriological results regardless of the site of collection (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid).Results: The diagnosis of neonatal infection was confirmed in 47 cases, i.e. 26.1% of suspicions of neonatal bacterial infection hospitalized during the study period. The female predominance was found with a sex ratio of 0.81. The most frequently isolated germs are, in order of frequency, coagulase-negative staphylococci (10 cases), Escherichia coli (7 cases), Enterobacter cloacae (5 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5 cases) and Enterobacter aerogenes (5 cases). Of the 47 cases studied, 16 cases were multidrug-resistant infections including 7 cases i.e. 14.9% of nosocomial infections. The majority of Enterobacteria are strains producing broad spectrum beta lactamases (12 cases to 22). The molecules that remained effective were mainly Imipenem and Amikacin.Conclusions: Neonatal infection remains a real public health problem. The emergence of multi-resistant bacteria complicates the management. The knowledge of bacterial ecology on a wider population is an important asset in its prevention and management.

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Colak, Meryem y Nergis Asgin. "Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella aerogenes a tertiary hospital in Turkey: A five-years study". Medical Science and Discovery 8, n.º 3 (23 de marzo de 2021): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i3.501.

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Objective: Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella aerogenes species have multiple drug resistance and antibiotic resistance is a growing problem regarding to treating infections. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. cloacae and K. aerogenes isolated from various clinical samples in our laboratory, retrospectively. Material and Methods: Totally 223 patients who applied to Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital microbiology laboratory between October2016-December2020 were included in this study. Conventional methods and automated systems were used for the identification and antibiotic susceptibilities of strains. Antibiotic susceptibility results were evaluated as per the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Results: Total of 223 clinical samples (urine 68.6%, blood 12.6%, endotracheal aspirate 7.2%, wound 4.9%, sputum 3.6%, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 2.7%, and ear fluid 0.4%) obtained from 223 patients; 119 (53%) females and 104 (47%) females, were analysed. The identified species were E. cloacae (132 strains, 59.2%) and K. aerogenes (91 strains, 40.8%). The Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella aerogenes positivity was detected as 30(13.4%) and 20(9.0%) in the samples. The highest resistance was found against cefixime at a rate of 60%; the lowest resistance was against amikacin, meropenem and imipenem ranged between 3% and 4% in both E. cloacae and K. aerogenes strains. Conclusions: Amikacin, imipenem and meropenem were the most effective antibiotics against E. cloacae and K. aerogenes. We may prefer TMP-SMX and ciprofloxacin, as oral antibiotic agents in the treatment of E. cloacae/K. aerogenes infections. Amikacin, gentamicin and carbapenems may be the first choice for parenteral antibiotics therapy

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Barnaud, G., Y. Benzerara, J. Gravisse, L. Raskine, M. J. Sanson-Le Pors, R. Labia y G. Arlet. "Selection during Cefepime Treatment of a New Cephalosporinase Variant with Extended-Spectrum Resistance to Cefepime in an Enterobacter aerogenes Clinical Isolate". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n.º 3 (marzo de 2004): 1040–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.3.1040-1042.2004.

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ABSTRACT Enterobacter aerogenes resistant to cefepime (MIC, 32 μg/ml) was isolated from a patient treated with cefepime for an infection caused by a strain of E. aerogenes overproducing its AmpC β-lactamase (MIC of cefepime, 0.5 μg/ml). The AmpC β-lactamase of the resistant strain had an L-293-P amino acid substitution and a high k cat/K m ratio for cefepime. Both of these modifications were necessary for resistance to cefepime.

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Ashriady, Ashriady, Abbas Mahmud y Nurdiana Nurdiana. "Deteksi Bakteri pada Ibu Hamil dan Post Partum Di Kabupaten Mamuju". Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan "SUARA FORIKES" (Journal of Health Research "Forikes Voice") 11 (30 de diciembre de 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf11nk112.

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Causes of non-obstetric sepsis in pregnant women include malaria, HIV and pneumonia. Urinary tract infections are often linked as the most common cause of infection in pregnancy. Common causes of sepsis are gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas sp and Eschericia coli. High risk for pregnant women is a condition of deviation from normal which directly causes morbidity and death of both mother and baby breech location in premigravida, severe infection/sepsis, preterm labor. Based on this description, researchers were interested in screening bacteria in pregnant women with sepsis in Mamuju Regency in West Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of bacteria in pregnant women in Mamuju Regency. This type of research is descriptive observational research. The time of the study is in the months of May to November 2019. The population was all pregnant women who visit the PKM and/or Hospital in Mamuju Regency, taken using the accidental Sampling method. The results showed a bacterial infection with gram-negative (rod) and gram-positive (round) types in pregnant women. Early detection of the incidence of infection and the cause of the infection is still needed so the researchers recommend that early screening be done on pregnant women. This research can be continued with various specimens such as sputum or wound swabs in women with caesarean section. Keywords: pregnant women; infections; bacteria; gram negative

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Tran, Que-Tien, Myrielle Dupont, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Jacqueline Chevalier, Jean-Marie Pagès, Albert Sotto y Anne Davin-Regli. "Occurrence of Efflux Mechanism and Cephalosporinase Variant in a Population of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, n.º 4 (21 de enero de 2009): 1652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00822-08.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the occurrence of multidrug resistance in 44 Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Efflux was involved in resistance in E. aerogenes isolates more frequently than in K. pneumoniae isolates (100 versus 38% of isolates) and was associated with the expression of phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide-susceptible active efflux. AcrA-TolC overproduction in E. aerogenes isolates was noted. An analysis of four E. aerogenes isolates for which cefepime MICs were high revealed no modification in porin expression but a new specific mutation in the AmpC β-lactamase.

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Kumar, M. y L. Prince. "Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infection on Diabetic Mellitus Patients". Journal of Scientific Research 12, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2020): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i3.44368.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease-which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia). Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging health problems in India. The present study was investigated for isolation and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from urinary tract infection on diabetic mellitus patients. The 118 diabetic urine samples were collected and UTI bacteria using HiChrome UTI Agar was isolated. The diabetic UTI isolates were confirmed as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella aerogenes based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Our study identified that almost all the bacteria were highly sensitive to Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (75/30 mcg), Gentamicin (10 mcg), Meropenem (30 mcg), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (100/10 mcg) and Nitrofurantoin (100 mcg) antibiotics. Interestingly Klebsiella aerogenes alone was found to be more resistant to the entire antibiotics used in this study. The antibiotic resistant Klebsiella aerogenes is one of the biggest treats to human health, antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans is accelerating the process.

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Anderson, Brian, Sarah Nicholas, Bruce Sprague, Joseph Campos, Billie Short y Nalini Singh. "Molecular and Descriptive Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Hospitalized Infants". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 29, n.º 3 (marzo de 2008): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/527513.

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Objective.To investigate the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) in hospitalized infants.Methods.From 2000 through 2005, active surveillance cultures for MDRE were performed for patients admitted to a 40-bed neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) that provides care for critically ill infants 6 months of age or younger. MDRE epidemiology and the genetic relatedness of MDRE strains determined by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction were analyzed.Results.Active surveillance cultures revealed that 759 (23%) of 3,370 NICU infants (or approximately 1 in 5) developed MDRE colonization or infection and that 613 (72%) of the 853 isolates with epidemiologic data available were healthcare acquired. MDRE colonization occurred more frequently (in 653 infants [86%]) than did MDRE infection (in 106 [14%]). Of the 653 infants with MDRE colonization, 119 (18%) eventually became infected, with 29 (4%) acquiring sterile site infections. The most commonly isolated organisms were the Enterobacter species, accounting for 612 (71%) of the 862 isolates. Molecular epidemiologic analysis revealed that genetic-relatedness clustering (related clusters defined as having a genetic similarity coefficient greater than 95%) varied depending on microbial species. Clustering was detected for 36 (78%) of the 46 Enterobacter aerogenes isolates, 22 (45%) of the 49 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, and 13 (59%) of the 22 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.Conclusion.Hospitalized infants are at significant risk of acquiring MDRE, specifically Enterobacter species, at the study institution. Active surveillance cultures identified colonized patients who likely contributed to the institutional reservoir of MDRE. Molecular epidemiologic studies suggest that both patient-to-patient transmission and de novo acquisition of resistance play a role in the acquisition of these organisms, and that the clinical significance of such acquisition varies by species. The high percentage of E. aerogenes isolates that demonstrated genetic clustering suggests that monitoring the prevalence of this organism could serve as a useful measure of compliance with infection control procedures.

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Chollet, Renaud, Jacqueline Chevalier, André Bryskier y Jean-Marie Pagès. "The AcrAB-TolC Pump Is Involved in Macrolide Resistance but Not in Telithromycin Efflux in Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2004): 3621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.9.3621-3624.2004.

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ABSTRACT The role of the AcrAB-TolC pump in macrolide and ketolide susceptibility in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes was studied. Efflux pump inhibitor restored erythromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin susceptibilities to multidrug-resistant isolates. No modification of telithromycin accumulation was detected in E. aerogenes acrAB or tolC derivatives compared to that in the parental strain. Two independent efflux pumps, inhibited by phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide, expel macrolides and telithromycin in E. aerogenes.

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Garbati, Musa Abubakar, Aref Bin Abdulhak, Kamaldeen Baba y Hussam Sakkijha. "Infection due to colistin-resistant Enterobacteriacae in critically-ill patients". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, n.º 10 (15 de octubre de 2013): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2851.

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Introduction: This study was conducted in response to the rising incidence of drug resistance observed in the intensive care unit (ICU) of King Fahad Medical City. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the ICU of King Fahad Medical City between October 2003 and April 2012. Data were collected using a structured data sheet. Results: Nine episodes of infection with colistin-resistant Enterobacteriacae were recorded in seven patients. Five were females with an average age of 59.75 years. All patients had multiple co-morbidities; five had diabetes mellitus. In five of the episodes, Klebsiella pneumoniae was responsible, Serratia marcescens was reported in two, while Enterobacter aerogenes and Providencia stuartii were responsible for one episode of infection each. Prior colistin use was documented in all but one patient. Colistin resistance was defined by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of > 4 µg/mL according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint for Enterobacteriacae. Various antibiotics were used to treat the patients, with mortality reported in two. Conclusion: Infection due to colistin-resistant Enterobacteriacae is a rising challenge in Saudi Arabia; colistin use is thought to be associated with these infections. This calls for a stricter antimicrobial stewardship program and improved infection control measures to curb the rising trend of antibiotic resistance.

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Dumarche, P., C. De Champs, D. Sirot, C. Chanal, R. Bonnet y J. Sirot. "TEM Derivative-Producing Enterobacter aerogenes Strains: Dissemination of a Prevalent Clone". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, n.º 4 (abril de 2002): 1128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.4.1128-1131.2002.

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ABSTRACT TEM-24 (CAZ-6) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was detected in 1988 in Clermont-Ferrand, France, in Klebsiella pneumoniae (bla TEM-24) and Enterobacter aerogenes (bla TEM-24b), and since 1994, a TEM-24-producing E. aerogenes clonal strain has been observed elsewhere in the country. To determine if the spread of this clonal strain was restricted to TEM-24-producing E. aerogenes strains, 84 E. aerogenes strains (non-TEM/SHV-producing strains, TEM-1- or -2-producing strains, and different ESBL-producing strains), isolated from 1988 to 1999 in Clermont-Ferrand (n = 59) and in 11 other French hospitals in 1998 (n = 25), were studied. A clonal strain was found for TEM-24- but also for TEM-3- and TEM-1- or 2-producing isolates. This study shows that there is a clonal strain dependent on acquisition of the TEM-type enzyme (TEM-24 and other TEM types).

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Pereira, Rito Santo, Vanessa Cordeiro Dias, Alessandra Barbosa Ferreira-Machado, Juliana Alves Resende, André Netto Bastos, Lucas Quinet Andrade Bastos, Victor Quinet Andrade Bastos, Ricardo Villela Bastos, Vânia Lúcia Da Silva y Cláudio Galuppo Diniz. "Physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, n.º 06 (30 de junio de 2016): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6821.

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Introduction: Bacterial resistance is a growing concern in the nosocomial environment in which Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes play an important role due to their opportunism and carbapenemase-production. This work aimed to evaluate physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes isolated in a Brazilian tertiary hospital. Methodology: In total, 42 carbapenem-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were included (21 K. pneumoniae and 21 E. aerogenes). Drug-sensitive K. pneumoniae (n = 27) were also included. Antimicrobial susceptibility and biocide tolerance patterns, hemolytic activity, tolerance to oxidative stress, and aggregative ability were assessed. Genetic markers related to carbapenem resistance, or ESBL-production were screened by PCR. Results: Compared to drug-sensitive strains, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were more tolerant to biocides and to oxidative stress, and they displayed an increase in biofilm formation. The genetic markers blaKPC (95.2%) and blaTEM (90.5%) were the most frequent. Among the carbapenem-resistant E. aerogenes strains, blaKPC, and blaTEM were detected in all bacteria. Drug-sensitive E. aerogenes were not isolated in the same period. blaSHV, blaVIM, and blaCTX markers were also observed among carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Conclusions: Results suggest that carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria might show peculiar characteristics regarding their physiology associated with their environmental persistency, virulence, and multidrug resistance. The observed phenomenon may have implications not only for antimicrobial chemotherapy, but also for the prognosis of infectious diseases and infection control.

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Bisdas, Mattner, Ott, Pichlmaier, Wilhelmi, Haverich y Teebken. "Significance of infection markers and microbiological findings during tissue processing of cryopreserved arterial homografts for the early postoperative course". Vasa 38, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2009): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.38.4.365.

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Background: To evaluate homograft implantation for the urgent treatment of vascular infections on the basis of the course of infection using microbiological findings in perioperatively obtained specimens and during homograft processing. Patients and methods: 85 patients were treated with cryopreserved homografts from 2004-2007. The microbiological findings of the decontamination process of homografts in the tissue bank were evaluated. The perioperative infection profile (microorganisms, CRP, leukocytes, body temperature) of the patients was analysed. Results: Complete microbiological and clinical follow-up for the postoperative course was available for 35 patients, who were treated with homografts from the same tissue bank and finally included into this study. 55 cryopreserved homografts were implanted. 35 / 55 (64 %) homografts were positive for microorganisms before decontamination. 3 / 35 (9 %) homografts remained positive after the decontamination. 33 patients were operated for prosthetic graft infection and 2 for an infiltration of a large vessel from neighbouring malignant disease. The most common infection agent was Staphylococcus aureus. Thirty-day mortality was 20 % (7 / 35). Only in 4 / 35 (11 %) patients were the microorganisms of the intraoperative swabs also detected during the postoperative course. The microorganisms were ORSA, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter aerogenes and Burkholderia cepacia. The patient with ORSA infection died on POD 11 from multiple organ failure and all other patients recovered. None of the postoperative swabs showed the homograft predecontamination microorganisms. Interestingly, a significant association (P = 0.003) between C-reactive protein increase two weeks after surgery and donor-recipient ABO mismatch was found. Conclusions: The implantation of homografts following the established decontamination is an alternative urgent therapeutic option in vascular infections with encouraging outcomes. The absence of the predecontamination focus in the postoperative specimens of patients, suggests that the postoperative course and outcomes show no strong relation to potential homograft contamination prior to the decontamination process.

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Costas, M., B. Holmes y L. L. Sloss. "Comparison of SDS–PAGE protein patterns with other typing methods for investigating the epidemiology of ‘Klebsiella aerogenes’". Epidemiology and Infection 104, n.º 3 (junio de 1990): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047464.

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SUMMARYTwenty–four cultures comprising 20 clinical isolates of ‘Klebsiella aerogenes’ from two hospitals, a reference strain of ‘K. aerogenes’ and the type strains of three otherKlebsiellaspecies, were characterized by one–dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) of whole–cell proteins. The protein patterns were highly reproducible and were used as the basis of a numerical analysis which divided the clinical isolates into 12 protein types. Comparison with established typing methods indicated that the level of discrimination of SDS–PAGE was similar to that achieved with conventional typing methods but the strains were grouped differently. Protein typing sub–divided five serotype K3 isolates that could also be distinguished by phage typing. Conversely, three strains of protein type 11 were clearly distinguishable by both serotyping and phage typing. We conclude that high–resolution SDS–PAGE of proteins provides an effective adjunct to other methods for typing isolates of ‘K. aerogenes’.

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23

Brisse, Sylvain, Dana Milatovic, Ad C. Fluit, Jan Verhoef, Nele Martin, Sybille Scheuring, Karl Köhrer y Franz-Josef Schmitz. "Comparative In Vitro Activities of Ciprofloxacin, Clinafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Trovafloxacin againstKlebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca,Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes Clinical Isolates with Alterations in GyrA and ParC Proteins". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1999): 2051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.8.2051.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were tested against 72 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 28 ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Irrespective of the alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins, clinafloxacin exhibited greater activity than all other fluoroquinolones tested against K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes.

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24

Chollet, Renaud, Claude Bollet, Jacqueline Chevalier, Monique Malléa, Jean-Marie Pagès y Anne Davin-Regli. "mar Operon Involved in Multidrug Resistance of Enterobacter aerogenes". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, n.º 4 (abril de 2002): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.4.1093-1097.2002.

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ABSTRACT We determined the sequence of the entire marRAB operon in Enterobacter aerogenes. It is functionally and structurally analogous to the Escherichia coli operon. The overexpression of E. aerogenes MarA induces a multidrug resistance phenotype in a susceptible strain, demonstrated by a noticeable resistance to various antibiotics, a decrease in immunodetected porins, and active efflux of norfloxacin.

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25

Bektascheva, O. R., K. V. Lavrentyeva, N. V. Cherevach, A. I. Vinnikov y А. А. Moskalenko. "Біологічні властивості бактерій родини Enterobacteriaceae – збудників гнійно-запальних захворювань у дітей". Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 2, n.º 1 (24 de noviembre de 2010): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021102.

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It was investigated the biological properties of 27 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 24 children with suppurative-septic infection from the Surgical Department of Dnieprodzerzhinsk Hospital № 7. Isolated microflora was presented by four bacteria species: Esсherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella оxytoca and K. pneumoniae. Esсherichia coli was the most widespread agent of suppurative-septic infection for children. All bacteria were the most sensitive to fluoroquinolones ІІ generation (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins ІІІ generation (cefotaxim and cefoperazon).

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26

Gautam, Bikram, Lomas Aryal, Sachana Adhikari, Manoj Rana, Anjita Rajbhanshi, Sunita Ghale y Rameshwar Adhikari. "Isolation of Bacteriophage from Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plant Capable of Infecting Pathogens". Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences 4, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2018): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i02.11.

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Background: Waste water contains microorganisms which are continuously shed in the feces. These microorganisms especially bacteria might acquire antibiotic resistance and pose a significant threat to human health. Therefore, this work aims at isolating bacteriophage capable of infecting the isolated bacteria. Methodology: For this purpose, the grab sampling was performed at the Guheswori sewage treatment plant from the inlet in the primary treatment plant and from the outlet of the secondary treatment plant. For the isolation of bacteriophage, bacteriophage in the sewage was first enriched in an isolated pathogen, then filtered and then subjected to the isolates in the nutrient agar. Results: Pathogens like Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Citrobacter fruendii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened. Bacteriophage was able to infect E. coli (p < 0.001), S. Typhi (p < 0.001), E. faecalis (p = 0.182); and unable to infect S. aureus, CONS, C. fruendii, E. aerogenes, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Bacteriophage are able to infect and kill pathogens like E. coli, S. Typhi, E. faecalis and unable to infect S. aureus, CONS, C. fruendii, E. aerogenes, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa. Among all other reasons of lowering bacterial load, bacteriophages could also be one of the confounding factor. Such bacteriophage able to infect and undergo lytic cycle could be used in phage typing.

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27

Ondrašovičová, Silvia, Monika Pipová, Petr Dvořák, Monika Hričínová, Rudolf Hromada y Jozef Kremeň. "Passive and active immunity of broiler chickens against Campylobacter jejuni and ways of disease transmission". Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, n.º 2 (2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281020103.

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The study deals with passive and active immunity of fifty-three broiler chickens after infection with culture of Campylobacter jejuni. Potential transfer of infection by faecal-oral and aerogenic routes was also investigated. Cloacal swabs and ceacal content were analyzed microbiologically. Identification of C. jejuni was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Observation of passive immunity of broilers from 3 days of age showed that no transfer of C. jejuni infection occurred up to 12 day post-infection (p.i.). Observations of active immunity in fourteen 21 days old chickens infected with C. jejuni showed that 6 chickens were positive on day 3 p.i. and all infected chickens were positive on day 5 p.i. Investigations of the transfer of C. jejuni by faecal-oral route revealed positivity in two broilers on day 3 p.i. and in all tested chickens on day 5 p.i. Aerogenic transfer of infection was not recorded. This was one of the first studies in our country dealing with passive and active immunity of broiler chickens against C. jejuni and spreading of this zoonotic disease.

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Kuhnert, Peter, Bénédicte Heyberger-Meyer, Jacques Nicolet y Joachim Frey. "Characterization of PaxA and Its Operon: a Cohemolytic RTX Toxin Determinant from Pathogenic Pasteurella aerogenes". Infection and Immunity 68, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2000): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.1.6-12.2000.

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ABSTRACT Pasteurella aerogenes is known as a commensal bacterium or as an opportunistic pathogen, as well as a primary pathogen found to be involved in abortion cases of humans, swine, and other mammals. Using broad-range DNA probes for bacterial RTX toxin genes, we cloned and subsequently sequenced a new operon namedpaxCABD encoding the RTX toxin PaxA in P. aerogenes. The pax operon is organized analogous to the classical RTX operons containing the activator genepaxC upstream of the structural toxin genepaxA, which is followed by the secretion protein genespaxB and paxD. The highest sequence similarity of paxA with known RTX toxin genes is found withapxIIIA (82%). PaxA is structurally similar to ApxIIIA and also shows functional analogy to ApxIIIA, since it shows cohemolytic activity with the sphingomyelinase of Staphylococcus aureus, known as the CAMP effect, but is devoid of direct hemolytic activity. In addition, it shows to some extent immunological cross-reactions with ApxIIIA. P. aerogenes isolated from various specimens showed that the pax operon was present in about one-third of the strains. All of the pax-positive strains were specifically related to swine abortion cases or septicemia of newborn piglets. These strains were also shown to produce the PaxA toxin as determined by the CAMP phenomenon, whereas none of thepax-negative strains did. This indicated that the PaxA toxin is involved in the pathogenic potential of P. aerogenes. The examined P. aerogenes isolates were phylogenetically analyzed by 16S rRNA gene (rrs) sequencing in order to confirm their species. Only a small heterogeneity (<0.5%) was observed between the rrs genes of the strains originating from geographically distant farms and isolated at different times.

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Chevalier, Jacqueline, Jérôme Bredin, Abdallah Mahamoud, Monique Malléa, Jacques Barbe y Jean-Marie Pagès. "Inhibitors of Antibiotic Efflux in Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n.º 3 (marzo de 2004): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.3.1043-1046.2004.

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ABSTRACT In Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae, efflux provides efficient extrusion of antibiotics and contributes to the multidrug resistance phenotype. One of the alkoxyquinoline derivatives studied here, 2,8-dimethyl-4-(2′-pyrrolidinoethyl)-oxyquinoline, restores noticeable drug susceptibility to resistant clinical strains. Analyses of energy-dependent chloramphenicol efflux indicate that this compound inhibits the efflux pump mechanism and improves the activity of structurally unrelated antibiotics on multidrug-resistant E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae isolates.

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30

Scanga, Charles A., Vellore P. Mohan, Kathryn Tanaka, David Alland, JoAnne L. Flynn y John Chan. "The Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Locus Confers Protection against Aerogenic Challenge of Both Clinical and Laboratory Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice". Infection and Immunity 69, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2001): 7711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.12.7711-7717.2001.

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ABSTRACT Murine macrophages effect potent antimycobacterial function via the production of nitric oxide by the inducible isoform of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). The protective role of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) against Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection has been well established in various murine experimental tuberculosis models using laboratory strains of the tubercle bacillus to establish infection by the intravenous route. However, important questions remain about the in vivo importance of RNI in host defense against M. tuberculosis. There is some evidence that RNI play a lesser role following aerogenic, rather than intravenous,M. tuberculosis infection of mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that different strains of M. tuberculosis, including clinical isolates, vary widely in their susceptibility to the antimycobacterial effects of RNI. Thus, we sought to test rigorously the protective role of RNI against infection with recent clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis following both aerogenic and intravenous challenges. Three recently isolated and unique M. tuberculosis strains were used to infect both wild-type (wt) C57BL/6 and NOS2 gene-disrupted mice. Regardless of the route of infection, NOS2−/− mice were much more susceptible than wt mice to any of the clinical isolates or to either the Erdman or H37Rv laboratory strain of M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria replicated to much higher levels in the organs of NOS2−/− mice than in those of wt mice. Although the clinical isolates all exhibited enhanced virulence in NOS2−/− mice, they displayed distinct growth rates in vivo. The present study has provided results indicating that RNI are required for the control of murine tuberculous infection caused by both laboratory and clinical strains of M. tuberculosis. This protective role of RNI is essential for the control of infection established by either intravenous or aerogenic challenge.

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Chollet, Renaud, Jacqueline Chevalier, Claude Bollet, Jean-Marie Pages y Anne Davin-Regli. "RamA Is an Alternate Activator of the Multidrug Resistance Cascade in Enterobacter aerogenes". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n.º 7 (julio de 2004): 2518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.7.2518-2523.2004.

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ABSTRACT Multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacter aerogenes can be mediated by induction of MarA, which is triggered by certain antibiotics and phenolic compounds. In this study, we identified the gene encoding RamA, a 113-amino-acid regulatory protein belonging to the AraC-XylS transcriptional activator family, in the Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 type strain and in a clinical multiresistant isolate. Overexpression of RamA induced an MDR phenotype in drug-susceptible Escherichia coli JM109 and E. aerogenes ATCC 13048, as demonstrated by 2- to 16-fold-increased resistance to β-lactams, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones, a decrease in porin production, and increased production of AcrA, a component of the AcrAB-TolC drug efflux pump. We show that RamA enhances the transcription of the marRAB operon but is also able to induce an MDR phenotype in a mar-deleted strain. We demonstrate here that RamA is a transcriptional activator of the Mar regulon and is also a self-governing activator of the MDR cascade.

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Kannaiyan, Moorthy, Gedif Meseret Abebe, Chinnasamy Kanimozhi, Punitha Thambidurai, Saranya Ashokapuram Selvam, Raja Vinodhini y Mickymaray Suresh. "PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.19363.

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Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.

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Blümel, J., E. Blümel, A. F. Yassin, H. Schmidt-Rotte y K. P. Schaal. "Typing of Nocardia farcinica by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Reveals an Endemic Strain as Source of Hospital Infections". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, n.º 1 (1998): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.118-122.1998.

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Severe postoperative wound infections caused by Nocardia farcinica were repeatedly observed in a German hospital surgical ward. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol was established to characterize the genetic relatedness of the bacterial isolates from these infections. All 18 isolates from postoperative infections that have occurred since 1985 belong to a common endemic genotype; organisms of this genotype were also detected in the air of two rooms of the department where these postoperative infections occurred. In contrast, two environmental isolates from another building on the same campus showed a distinct genotype. Three cases of pulmonary infections, at a department which is located in proximity to the surgical department, were also caused by the endemic type, which suggests aerogenic spread of the endemic strain to these patients. Controls consisting of epidemiologically unrelated isolates from sporadic infections in other towns belonged in each case to a different genotype. PFGE was well suited to differentiate various types ofN. farcinica and revealed an endemic strain causing postoperative wound infections possibly after aerogenic transmission.

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Narayan, Swastika A., Jacob L. Kool, Miriama Vakololoma, Andrew C. Steer, Amelita Mejia, Anne Drake, Adam Jenney, Jane F. Turton, Joseph Kado y Lisi Tikoduadua. "Investigation and Control of an Outbreak of Enterobacter aerogenes Bloodstream Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Fiji". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 30, n.º 8 (agosto de 2009): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/598240.

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Ten neonates developed blood stream infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter aerogenes in a neonatal intensive care unit in Fiji. The source of the outbreak was traced to a bag of contaminated normal saline in the ward, which was used for multiple patients. All isolates recovered from patients were indistinguishable from the bacteria recovered from the normal saline by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The outbreak was controlled using simple infection control practices such as reinforcement of strict hand hygiene policy, provision of single use vials of normal saline, and strict aseptic technique for injections.

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Burnichon, G., M. F. Le Floch, M. Virmaux, R. Baron, D. Tandé y B. Lejeune. "Épidémie à Enterobacter aerogenes en pédiatrie". Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 34, n.º 4 (abril de 2004): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2003.12.007.

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Bornet, Charléric, Anne Davin-Regli, Claude Bosi, Jean-Marie Pages y Claude Bollet. "Imipenem Resistance of Enterobacter aerogenes Mediated by Outer Membrane Permeability". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, n.º 3 (2000): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.3.1048-1052.2000.

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Multidrug-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes strains are increasingly isolated in Europe and especially in France. Treatment leads to imipenem resistance, because of a lack of porin. We studied the evolution of resistance in 29 strains isolated from four patients during their clinical course. These strains belonged to the prevalent epidemiological type observed in France in previous studies (C. Bosi, et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:2165–2169, 1999; A. Davin-Regli et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1474–1480, 1996). They also harbored a TEM-24 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-coding gene. Thirteen strains were susceptible to gentamicin and resistant to imipenem and cefepime. All of the patients showed E. aerogenes strains with this resistance after an imipenem treatment. One patient showed resistance to imipenem after a treatment with cefpirome. Twelve of these 13 strains showed a lack of porin. Cessation of treatment with imipenem for three patients was followed by reversion of susceptibility to this antibiotic and the reappearance of porins, except in one case. For one patient, we observed three times in the same day the coexistence of resistant strains lacking porin and susceptible strains possessing porin. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. aerogenes strains is very disquieting. In our study, infection by E. aerogenesincreased the severity of the patients' illnesses, causing a 100% fatality rate.

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Moitra, Subhabrata, Ali Farshchi Tabrizi, Kawtar Idrissi Machichi, Samineh Kamravaei, Noushin Miandashti, Linda Henderson, Manali Mukherjee et al. "Non-Malignant Respiratory Illnesses in Association with Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Other Insulating Materials: Findings from the Alberta Insulator Cohort". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 19 (28 de septiembre de 2020): 7085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197085.

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Many insulating materials are used in construction, although few have been reported to cause non-malignant respiratory illnesses. We aimed to investigate associations between exposures to insulating materials and non-malignant respiratory illnesses in insulators. In this cross-sectional study, 990 insulators (45 ± 14 years) were screened from 2011–2017 in Alberta. All participants underwent pulmonary function tests and chest radiography. Demographics, work history, and history of chest infections were obtained through questionnaires. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was diagnosed according to established guidelines. Associations between exposures and respiratory illnesses were assessed by modified Poisson regression. Of those screened, 875 (88%) were males. 457 (46%) participants reported having ≥ 1 chest infection in the past 3 years, while 156 (16%) were diagnosed with COPD. In multivariate models, all materials (asbestos, calcium silicate, carbon fibers, fiberglass, and refractory ceramic fibers) except aerogels and mineral fibers were associated with recurrent chest infections (prevalence ratio [PR] range: 1.18–1.42). Only asbestos was associated with COPD (PR: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.05). Therefore, occupational exposure to insulating materials was associated with non-malignant respiratory illnesses, specifically, recurrent chest infections and COPD. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to assess the risk of exposure to these newly implemented insulation materials.

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Bohan, Azhar Jabbar. "Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles Against Bacteria Isolated from Infants with Urinary Tract Infection". Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, n.º 2 (17 de noviembre de 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i2.176.

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This study included the collection of 70 sample of urine from infant aged between (2 days-2 years) divided into 35 sample of healthy children and 35 sample of children suffering from urinary tract infection, Through which get 40 isolated of different types of bacteria. And at different rates ranged between (27 , 12.8 , 7.1 , 5.7 , 4.2 % ) As percentages of the total isolation and (47.5 , 22.5 , 12.5 , 10 , 4.2 %) As percentages of isolation ratios qualitative for E.coli , Proteus mirabilis , Klebsiella Aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus Faecalis respectively ,While the number of bacteria in sick children was ( 15, 8, 5, 3, 2 ) isolated for E.coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella Aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus Faecalis respectively with isolation rates (42.85, 22.85, 14.28, 8.57, 5.7 %) Compared with healthy children who were (4) isolated for E.coli and with isolated ratios have (11.42%) and one isolated for each of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus Faecalis with isolated ratios (2.85 %) for this types respectively, also the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles done in Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center (NAMRC) in university of technology and Prepared of Zinc Oxide NanoParticles were investigated via using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, the VEGA Easy Probe), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and antibacterial activity and the results of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles against bacteria explain a bility of it's to inhibition growth of bacteria in different rate of bacteriostatic when used in different concentration.

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Moehario, Lucky H., Enty Tjoa, Ariyani Kiranasari, Ika Ningsih, Yeva Rosana y Anis Karuniawati. "Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood in Jakarta from 2002 to 2008". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 3, n.º 11 (5 de noviembre de 2009): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.85.

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Background: This study examined the susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria in the bloodstream to antimicrobials with the aim of providing information relevant to the guidance of therapy. Methodology: Blood specimens received by the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, from 2002 to 2008, were analyzed for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria and their susceptibility to four antibiotic groups frequently administered in hospitals and community settings. Results: During the seven-year period leading up to 2008, approximately 68% of Gram-negative bacteria were identified among all positive isolates from blood specimens. The eight most frequent species found were Acinetobacter anitratus (25.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (14.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8%), Salmonella Typhi (7.5%), Escherichia coli (6.2%), Alcaligenes faecalis (5.6%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (3.2%). At 80% susceptibility or greater, Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime were active only on E. coli and S. Typhi. Cefepime demonstrated activity on all eight species tested except K. pneumonia while Amikacin showed activity against five species, A. faecalis, E. aerogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae and S. Typhi. Gentamycin was active against three species: E. aerogenes, K. oxytoca and S. Typhi. Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin significantly differed in their spectrum: while Ciprofloxacin was active against four of the eight species tested (E. aerogenes, E. coli, K. oxytoca, and S. Typhi ), Levofloxacin was similar to Cefepime and was active against all eight species except K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia. Conclusions: Since antimicrobials are broadly used in Jakarta, it is important that the information captured in this study be disseminated.

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Sardjito D., R. H., Iman T. Rachman, Soeparto P., Nurasid H. y Soebagjo B. "Prevalence of Bacteriuria in Infants Suffering from Acute Gastroenteritis". Paediatrica Indonesiana 18, n.º 5-6 (13 de junio de 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi18.5-6.1978.123-7.

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Urinary tract infection in infancy when not early recognized can frequently cause parenchymal damage of the kidney. Symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fever and diarrhea in most instances resemble those of gastroenteritis. A survey conducted from November to December 1975 on 25 infants admitted to the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya with acute gastroenteritis showed an incidence of b1acteriuria in 8 patients (32%) with a colony count of more than 10^5/mm³ urine, of which 6 were of E. Coli type and 2 of Aerobacter Aerogenes type. Related to this fairly high incidence of bacteriuria in gastroenteritis, further evaluations of the exact role of urinary tract infection in causing infantile diarrhea diseases are mandatory.

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Jalaluddin, Sheikh, Jeanne-Marie Devaster, Robert Scheen, Michele Gerard y Jean-Paul Butzler. "Molecular Epidemiological Study of NosocomialEnterobacter aerogenes Isolates in a Belgian Hospital". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, n.º 7 (1998): 1846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1846-1852.1998.

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In 1995, the rate of isolation of Enterobacter aerogenes in the Saint-Pierre University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium, was higher than that in the preceding years. A total of 45 nosocomial E. aerogenes strains were collected from 33 patients of different units during that year, and they were isolated from 19 respiratory specimens, 13 pus specimens, 7 blood specimens, 4 urinary specimens, 1 catheter specimen, and 1 heparin vial. The strains were analyzed to determine their epidemiological relatedness and were characterized by their antibiotic resistance pattern determination, plasmid profiling, and genomic fingerprinting by macrorestriction analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The majority of the strains (82%) were multiply resistant to different commonly used antibiotics. Two major plasmid profiles were found: most strains (64%) harbored two plasmids of different sizes, whereas the others (20%) contained a single plasmid. PFGE with SpeI and/orXbaI restriction enzymes revealed that a single clone (80%) was responsible for causing infections or colonizations throughout the year, and this result was concordant with those obtained by plasmid profiling, with slight variations. By comparing the results of these three methods, PFGE and plasmid profiling were found to be the techniques best suited for investigating the epidemiological relatedness of E. aerogenes strains, and they are therefore proposed as useful tools for the investigation of nosocomial outbreaks caused by this organism.

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Shobana, Sampath, Sunderam Veena, S. S. M. Sameer, K. Swarnalakshmi y L. A. Vishal. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artocarpus hirsutus Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Activity". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, n.º 10 (7 de septiembre de 2020): 980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200107115849.

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Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for nanoparticle synthesis. Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments. Applied nanotechnology has been known to combat such infectious agents with little interference from their special attributes. Here we synthesize silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract against two gastro-intestinal bacterial species: Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. Objective: To collect, dry, and process seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus for nanoparticle synthesis. To evaluate the morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles with bacteria. Methods: Artocarpus hirsutus seeds were collected and processed and further silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV, FTIR, and SEM. These nanoparticles were employed to study the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes using well diffusion method. Further, morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles on bacteria was studied using SEM. Result: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract and characterization studies confirmed that silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 25-40 nm size. Antibacterial study exhibited better activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a maximum zone of inhibition than on Listeria monocytogenes. SEM micrographs indicated that Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were more susceptible to silver nanoparticles due to the absence of cell wall. Also, the size and charge of silver nanoparticles enable easy penetration of the bacterial cell wall. Conclusion: In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the seed extract of Artocarpus hirsutus for the first time exploiting the fact that Moraceae species have high phytonutrient content which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. This nanoparticle can be employed for large scale synthesis which when coupled with the pharmaceutical industry can be used to overcome the problems associated with conventional antibiotics to treat gastrointestinal bacteria.

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Allerberger, F., T. Koeuth, C. Lass-Flörl, M. P. Dierich, C. Putensen, E. Schmutzhard, I. Mohsenipour et al. "Epidemiology of infections due to multiresistantEnterobacter aerogenes in a University Hospital". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 15, n.º 6 (junio de 1996): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01691323.

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Barnham, M. "Pig bite injuries and infection: report of seven human cases". Epidemiology and Infection 101, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1988): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029514.

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SUMMARYSix patients developed local infection after being bitten or groed by swine. Wounding was often deep and occurred characteristically on the posterior aspect of the thigh. Severity of infection caried from simple wound infection with discharge and slouth to cellulitis and abscess formation; pathogens included haemolytic streptococci, pasteurellae, Bacterodies sp., Proteussp. and Escherichia coli and were usually isolated in mixed culture. A patient with Pasteurella aerogences infection apperars to be the first reported in England. A seventh patient developed Streptococcus milleri septicaemia after wounding himself while cutting teeth from piglets. It is suggested that a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be given as part of the initial treatment when patients present with the more servere pig bite injuries.

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Setiawan, Ely, Tien Setyaningtyas, Dwi Kartika y Dian Riana Ningsih. "POTENSI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN MANGGA BACANG (Mangifera foetida L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Enterobacter aerogenes DAN IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWA AKTIFNYA". Jurnal Kimia Riset 2, n.º 2 (14 de diciembre de 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v2i2.5753.

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AbstrakEnterobacter aerogenes merupakan bakteri penyebab berbagai macam infeksi. Salah satu pengobatan berbagai penyakit infeksi yaitu dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik sintetik secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan resistensi, sehingga untuk mengatasinya diperlukan pencarian bahan obat alami seperti ekstrak tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri, salah satunya yaitu ekstrak daun mangga bacang (Mangifera foetida L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun mangga bacang sebagai antibakteri terhadap E. aerogenes, penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dari ekstrak daun mangga bacang. Ekstrak daun mangga bacang diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji aktivitas antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumur. Konsentrasi yang digunakan 1000 ppm, kontrol positif tetrasiklin 1000 ppm dan kontrol negatif aquades. Penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum menggunakan konsentrasi 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 125 ppm, 65 ppm, 30 ppm, 15 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm. Ekstraksi daun mangga bacang menunjukan rendemen sebesar 10,61% (b/b) dan diameter zona hambat aktivitas antibakteri konsentrasi 1000 ppm sebesar 5,46 mm. KHTM ekstrak metanol daun mangga bacang terhadap E. aerogenes yaitu pada konsentrasi 5 ppm dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 1,78 mm. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol daun mangga bacang menunjukkan adanya senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, stereoid, polifenol, tanin, dan saponin.AbstractEnterobacter aerogenes is causes various bacterium infections. One of the treatment of various infectious diseases is by antibiotics treatment. The long-term use of synthetic antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance, so that research exploration of new antibiotic is needed, such as plant extracts potentially as an antibacterial, one of them is leaves extract of mango bacang (Mangifera foetida L.). This study aimed to examine the potential of leaves mango bacang extract as an antibacterial againts E. aerogenes, the determination of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and active compounds of leaves mango bacang extract. Leaves mango bacang extract obtained methanol maceration. The extract obtained was tested antibacterial activity by using the diffusion wells method. Concentration used was 1000 ppm, tetracycline of 1000 ppm as positif control and aquades as negative control. The determination of MIC was used various concentrations of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 125 ppm, 65 ppm, 30 ppm, 15 ppm, 10 ppm, and 5 ppm. The extraction mango bacang leaves with yielded 10.61 % (b/b) and diameter of zone of the antibacterial activity extract of 1000 ppm was 5.46 mm. The MIC of the methanol extract against E. aerogenes was 5 ppm with the zone diameter of 1.78 mm. Phytochemistry analysis of mango bacang leaves extract using methanol result the alkaloid, flavonoid, stereoid, catakin, tannin, and saponin.

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Ludwig, E., U. Reischl, D. Janik y W. Hermanns. "Granulomatous Pneumonia Caused by Mycobacterium genavense in a Dwarf Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)". Veterinary Pathology 46, n.º 5 (9 de mayo de 2009): 1000–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-vp-0190-l-bc.

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A juvenile dwarf rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) with clinical signs of dyspnea and suspected ascites was submitted for necropsy. The main macroscopic findings were a watery red pleural effusion and some whitish striated foci in the lungs. In addition, there were multifocal scars in the cortex of the kidneys. The histologic examination of the lungs showed a severe granulomatous pneumonia with detection of acid-fast bacilli, in the kidneys, an interstitial chronic lymphoplasmacellular nephritis with interstitial fibrosis, and in the brain, a multifocal granulomatous and partly necrotizing encephalitis with detection of spores, suggestive of encephalitozoonosis. In the lungs, Mycobacterium genavense was verified by polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an M. genavense infection in a rabbit, with the lungs being the only affected organ. Therefore, an aerogen infection seems to be the most contemplable way of infection.

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Almeida, J., H. Caiaffa, A. P. Cury, G. D. Almeida, D. O. Garcia, M. N. Burattini y F. Rossi. "Decreased susceptibility to polymyxins emerging during treatment for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes infection". International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 (marzo de 2010): e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1581.

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Piagnerelli, Michael, Eric Carlier, Ariane Deplano, Philippe Lejeune y Danielle Govaerts. "Risk Factors for Infection and Molecular Typing in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit Colonized with NosocomialEnterobacter Aerogenes". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, n.º 8 (agosto de 2002): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502084.

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Objectives:To determine the frequency of colonization byEnterobacter aerogenesin patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 48 hours and to evaluate the risk factors for infection in patients colonized by this bacteria.Design:An 8-month prospective study.Setting:A 12-bed medical–surgical ICU in a 450-bed, university-affiliated, tertiary-care hospital in Belgium.Method:Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine the genotypes ofE. aerogenesisolates.Results:We observed two major clones ofE. aerogenesin the ICU. Interestingly, 87.5% of infected patients had the same genomic profile for colonization and infection. Risk factors for infection in this particular population included younger age, prolonged hospital stay, mechanical ventilation, and bronchoscopy.Conclusions:Colonization is a major prerequisite for infection. The identification of risk factors for infection in colonized patients can optimize the quality of treatment in the ICU.

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49

Guinoiseau, Elodie, Vannina Lorenzi, Anne Luciani, Félix Tomi, Joseph Casanova y Liliane Berti. "Susceptibility of the Multi-drug Resistant Strain of Enterobacter aerogenes EA289 to the Terpene Alcohols from Cistus ladaniferus Essential Oil". Natural Product Communications 6, n.º 8 (agosto de 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600830.

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The essential oil (EO) of Cistus ladaniferus was separated into non polar, moderately polar and polar fractions by column chromatography. The EO and its fractions were analysed by gas chromatography in combination with retention indices [GC-(RI)] and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was used to evaluate their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens of clinical relevance, including a multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain. The most polar fraction, constituted by mono- and sesquiterpene alcohols, strongly inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria with MIC values ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 mg/mL. More importantly, this fraction displayed high activity against the MDR strain of Enterobacter aerogenes EA289. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the MDR bacteria treated with the terpene alcohol-rich fraction revealed cell wall distortion with an outer cytoplasmic membrane detachment. The susceptibility of the MDR strain of E. aerogenes EA289 to the polar fraction of C. ladaniferus oil suggests the possible use of these natural products to treat infections caused by highly resistant bacteria.

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Poliachenko, I. V., M. P. Hrytsai, O. B. Liutko, H. B. Kolov y K. V. Vitrak. "New Opportunities in the Diagnosis of the Implant-Associated Infection". Visnyk Ortopedii Travmatologii Protezuvannia 106, n.º 3 (2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37647/0132-2486-2020-106-3-4-9.

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Summary. Despite the improvement in the quality of implants, the number of complications in traumatology and orthopedics, which lead to infection, remains high. It is proved that untimely prescription of adequate antibiotic therapy for implant-associated infections can cause progression of the septic process until the development of shock and multiorgan failure and on practics leads to the development of resistance microorganisms to antibacterial drugs. An important point is to study the pathological microbial communities (bacterial film) in traumatology and orthopedics. All "classic" tests and markers of the infectious processhave low specificity and are not reliable enough for accurate diagnosis. These features are forced to development of additional microbiological diagnostics: the study of the destruction of the biofilm, which is removed from the implant surface with the help of ultrasound. The purpose of our study was to determine the effectiveness of the microbiological tests with sonication in patients with infectious process after osteosynthesis of long bones. Materials and Methods. Microbiological studies of the pathologically altered tissue biopsies directly at the implant and implant sonicates from the implant for osteosynthesis from 31 patients with chronic osteomyelitis or surgical site infection were performed. Results. As a result, the significant sonication efficiency was discovered: a 25.8% increase in positive results, 6.5% of E. aerogenes and E. faecalis cultures in association with S. aureus were isolated. Conclusions. Further improvement of the method and its application in specialized departments can give a positive diagnostic effect, which will subsequently improve the results of patient treatment.

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