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Tammisto, Tuomas. "The Disposition of Oil Palm Infrastructure." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 48, no. 2 (May 10, 2024): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.143611.
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The Tzen oil palm plantation in the northwestern corner of Wide Bay in Pomio District, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea is a highly infrastructured space. Roads surround and order the oil palm plantings into a grid-like space and connect the main estate to the extensions of the plantation in the surrounding area. Not only is the plantation an area characterized by these ‘hard infrastructures’, but the plantation was established in 2008 as a part of a large combined logging and agriculture project aimed to bring income, employment and road infrastructure to the rural and remote Pomio District. In this essay, I examine these two infrastructural features of the Tzen oil palm plantation. I begin by examining the specific components of the wider infrastructural system of the plantation, such as the road network, the palm oil mill and the palm oil pipeline that connects to the mill. After this, I examine the logging and agriculture projects as a part of the plan which the plantation was established. I argure that while the provision of infrastructure is built into the plan of the logging and plantation project, so the extractive logic of this project is built into the infrastructural system being developed.
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Johnson, Adriana Michele Campos, and Daniel Nemser. "Introduction." Social Text 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-10013276.
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Abstract This essay introduces the special issue “Reading for Infrastructure: Worlds Made and Broken.” It offers an account of the “infrastructural turn” in the humanities and explains how the assembled essays frame infrastructures as making worlds with dispositions that facilitate certain “forms of life,” even as they break and dismantle others. These essays cluster around three key themes that open onto the imbrication of “modern” infrastructures and racial capitalism: slavery, borders, and energy. The introduction also outlines the various conjugations of reading and infrastructure suggested by the essays: practices of reading new things as infrastructure, reading infrastructures themselves, and engaging with readings of infrastructure.
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Salaudeen, Jubril A. "SUKUK: POTENTIALS FOR INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA." Advanced International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance 3, no. 7 (June 15, 2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbaf.37009.
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The growth of any economy in the world will happen on the back of the needed infrastructural facilities. And to build the needed infrastructures for national development requires a lot of money and time. There have been incessant concerns of the citizenry on the present level of infrastructural neglect and decay in Nigeria. The infrastructural decay in Nigeria ranks very high when compared to the national resources to the availability and quality of the needed infrastructure. The availability of needed infrastructures will enhance ingenuity, novelty, employment, self-confidence, wealth creation, and social security. However, it is wretched to note that the dire infrastructure in Nigeria is in a bad state thereby creating an evolving crisis. The inability of the government of Nigeria to maintain and endure her perilous infrastructure such as; road rails and pipelines network, the micro small and medium enterprises will require developed and scalable transportation infrastructure ( Land, Air, and Water), Electricity energy ( power for industrial and domestic use), Educational infrastructure ( Schools, Research and instructional materials), Health infrastructure ( Hospital, trained personnel, and Equipment), Security infrastructure ( Police, Military and Para-military). This study aims to explicate the potential of Sukuk as an alternative and sustainable financial vehicle for financing infrastructural development in Nigeria. The study is library-based and analytical and evaluation approaches are used to explore related library-based data on the causes and effects of infrastructural development in Nigeria. The study investigates and describes how the Nigerian government can utilize the potentials of Sukuk investment for infrastructural development across the nation.
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Chetverikov, A. O. "Scientific Facilities as a Subject Matter of “Infrastructure Law”: Une Approche Québéсoise". Kutafin Law Review 8, № 3 (5 жовтня 2021): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2313-5395.2021.3.17.485-494.
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The article deals with the original approach of Canadian French-speaking province (federal entity) to legal regulation of scientific facilities as a type of infrastructural objects governed by “infrastructure law.” The author firstly proves that the expression “scientific facility” and “Megascience” represent no more than the specific types of social infrastructure and, thus, generally denoted in legal instruments as “research infrastructure” which may be qualified as “large” (Megascience), “medium”, “small” etc. Further the article explores the modern legislation of Quebec which, unlike other countries, has decided to create a full-fledged “infrastructure law” governing, amongst other types of infrastructure, the research infrastructure. The article points out and analyses the particularities and principle findings of Quebec infrastructure laws and by-laws: the “supraministerial” governance of all infrastructure projects, the general public infrastructure company (Quebec Society of Infrastructures) etc. The latest developments in the Quebec “infrastructure law” relating to information infrastructures are also taken into account.
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Xing, Jack Linzhou. "The Temporality of and Competition between Infrastructures." Transfers 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2021.110305.
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This article examines the competition between taxis and e-hailing from the perspective of the temporality of infrastructures, which refers to 1) decay and maintenance of infrastructures, 2) imaginations of infrastructures regarding old, new, past, and future, and 3) the (spatio)temporal experience of infrastructure supporters. I propose that taxis and e-hailing are simultaneously transport and livelihood infrastructures that facilitate passengers’ and drivers' lives, and that they are maintained by the two parties. One reason that taxis are maintained in this competition lies in taxi drivers’ preference for taxis as a livelihood infrastructure. The article highlights infrastructure supporters’ labor and spatiotemporal experience, emphasizes the importance of the perspective of the decay and maintenance of infrastructures, and proposes a dialectic view of the infrastructure-related imaginations of old and new, especially in a context in which disruptive innovations in infrastructural technologies are continuously emerging.
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Onuoha, D. C., O. G. Ogbo, and M. Amaechi. "The Need for Resilient Infrastructure as an Adaptive Measure for Climate Change." British Journal of Environmental Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjes.2013/vol10n4pp1727.
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Climate change is one of the most pressing environmental issues of the 21st century, and its impacts extend to the current society's infrastructure. Consequently, the need for resilient infrastructure to withstand climate impacts becomes paramount. This paper reviewed the need for resilient infrastructure in today's society. Literature was reviewed under three major subcategories viz a viz impacts of climate change on infrastructure, impacts of infrastructural development on climate change, and climate-resilient infrastructure. It was found that the extent to which climate change translates into risks for infrastructure depends upon the interaction of the changing climate hazards with the infrastructure. In Nigeria and Africa at large, many infrastructures give an unsatisfactory performance, and they are short-lived due to technical and non-technical factors. Extreme weather events due to climate change will likely increase disruption to these infrastructures. The paper recommended a great need to overhaul already existing infrastructure to withstand climate change disruptions better.
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Truelove, Yaffa. "Gendered infrastructure and liminal space in Delhi’s unauthorized colonies." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 39, no. 6 (November 26, 2021): 1009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758211055483.
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This paper takes an embodied approach to the lived experiences and everyday politics of liminal neighborhoods and infrastructures in Delhi’s unauthorized colonies, which lack official entitlements to networked infrastructures such as water and sewerage. Bringing a feminist political ecology lens to critical infrastructure studies, I show how gendered social relations, subjectivities, and the unequal experience of urban liminality are tied to accessing water and its fragmented infrastructures beyond the network. In particular, liminal infrastructural space is produced in unauthorized colonies through not only these neighborhoods’ quasi-legal status and unequal access to urban water, but also through gendered discourses and the socially differentiated ways water infrastructures are co-produced, managed, and made livable by residents. As water is primarily accessed beyond the network via tubewells and tankers, I demonstrate how these fractured modalities ultimately constitute gendered infrastructural assemblages that enable water’s circulation across neighborhoods but also serve to deepen forms of gendered marginality and differentiation. Here, gendered infrastructural practices and labor to negotiate and supplement fragmented components of water infrastructure shape subjectivities and possibilities for social relations and urban claims-making. These infrastructural assemblages expose both the situated experience of urban liminality, as well as its transcendent possibilities.
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Rowland, Nicholas J. "Infrastructural Lives: Urban Infrastructure in Context." Science & Technology Studies 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55346.
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Rao, Yichen. "Discourse as infrastructure: How “New Infrastructure” policies re-infrastructure China." Global Media and China 8, no. 3 (September 2023): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20594364231198605.
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The term “New Infrastructure” has been highlighted in China’s recent policies. It refers to a set of new, and expanding, policies and the discourse surrounding them which support the development of facilities, equipment, and systems derived from the latest technologies, including 5G Internet of Things, AI, cloud computing, and data centers. This article reviews China’s New Infrastructure policies, analyzing their specific discursive ontologies and how they relate to major state projects to “re-infrastructure” China’s economy. It introduces the concept of “discursive infrastructure” and argues that the policies that redefine and recategorize infrastructure themselves serve as a form of infrastructure. Key to the concept is the recognition that discursive infrastructure relies on mutually constitutive material and semiotic dimensions and dialectically reproduces both symbols of progress and positive infrastructural imaginaries. Drawing on an analysis of policy documents and other discursive materials, the article tracks New Infrastructure’s fetish-like existence and unravels the multiple political modalities, as well their varying efficacies, that are manifested through the discursive publics they generate. It likewise reveals some emerging conflicts that appear across New Infrastructure’s different contexts, showing critical gaps between imaginaries and actualities, all of which have a profound effect on a re-infrastructured China.
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McArthur, Jenny. "Comparative infrastructural modalities: Examining spatial strategies for Melbourne, Auckland and Vancouver." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 5 (April 11, 2018): 816–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418767428.
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Infrastructure systems are critical to support sustainable and equitable urbanisation, and infrastructure is becoming more prominent within urban spatial strategies. However, the fragmented governance and delivery of spatial plans and infrastructure projects create a challenging environment to embed planning goals across the planning, delivery and operation of infrastructure systems. There is significant uncertainty around future needs and the complex ways that infrastructures influence socio-spatial relations and political-economic processes. Additionally, fragmented knowledge of infrastructure across different disciplines undermines the development of robust planning strategies. Comparative analysis of strategic spatial plans from Auckland, Melbourne and Vancouver examines how infrastructures are instrumentalised to support planning goals. Across the three cases, the analysis identified four common infrastructural modalities: rescaling socio-spatial relations through targeted intensification, intra-urban mobility upgrades and containment boundaries; re-localising socio-spatial relations to the suburban scale with ‘complete communities’; protection of ‘gateway’ precincts; and local planning provisions to support housing affordability. By examining infrastructure through a theoretical framework for suburban infrastructures, this analysis revealed how infrastructures exert agency as artefacts shaping socio-spatial relations and through the internalisation of political-economic processes. Each modality mobilised infrastructure to support goals of global competitiveness, economic growth and ‘liveability’. Findings suggest that spatial strategies should take a user-focused approach to infrastructure to meet the needs of diverse urban populations, and engage directly with the modes of infrastructure project delivery to embed planning goals across design, delivery and operations stages. Stronger institutional mandates to control land-use and provide affordable housing would improve outcomes in these city-regions.
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Tavares, Jeferson Cristiano. "Trajectories of infrastructure in Brazil. Conceptions, operationalizations, and conceptual frameworks in perspective." Cadernos Metrópole 26, no. 60 (May 2024): 443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2024-6003.e.
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Abstract Incompatibilities arising from the implementation of infrastructures over consolidated territorial dynamics are recurrent. Based on this axiom, the objective is to investigate the involvement of infrastructure planning in such incompatibilities. Methodologically, the analysis is based on theoretical schools that relate infrastructure and the city and uses studies on new infrastructures or interventions in existing infrastructures. The text provides a brief review of historical infrastructural patterns, addresses priorities in their conceptions, and studies their operational cycles. From this framework, it was possible to formulate the argument that, in Brazil, infrastructure is designed to (re)structure sectors, and when implemented, it (de)structures places. This argument motivated the investigation of new conceptual frameworks that allowed us to advocate that the design of infrastructures should be based on territorial evidence.
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Byrne, William Hamilton, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, and Nora Stappert. "Legal Infrastructures: Towards a Conceptual Framework." German Law Journal 25, no. 8 (November 2024): 1229–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2024.78.
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AbstractThis Article provides the outline for a conceptual framework focusing on legal infrastructures, comprised of socio-material assemblages and entangled legal normativities that both enable and constrain human societies. Section A introduces the growing transdisciplinary field of infrastructural studies, which employs the notion of infrastructure as a tool for analyzing the constitutive relationship between society and essential material structures. It then draws out the analytical conjunction of law and infrastructure in the role ascribed to law within existing applications of infrastructural studies and the nascent engagement with infrastructural theory within the legal discipline itself. Part II develops a conceptual framework on legal infrastructures, outlining three avenues for how thinking infrastructurally may yield new perspectives on the dynamic relationship between law, social practices, and socio-technical materiality; (a) legal infrastructures as socio-material formations that generate societal effects (b) legal infrastructures as schemes of social practice that recursively entangle to produce new configurations, and (c) legal infrastructures as distributing norms across transnational and regime boundaries.
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Shafiezad Abkenar, Batool, and Ebrahim Negahdari. "Reviewing the Effect of Infrastructural Investment on Economic Growth in Iran from 1983 to 2013." Journal of Management and Accounting Studies 5, no. 02 (August 10, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jmas.vol5iss02pp13-18.
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Introduction: investment is one of the most important components of today’s modern society. The key role that investment plays in the formation of the economic structure of a society has made it a main focus in most of the economic discussions about the role of infrastructural investment. Direct investments on infrastructures paves the way for production facilities, stimulates economic activities and also improves competitiveness by reduction the costs of business and transportations. However, over the past few years, since the developed countries have undergone some technological advancements and evolutions in fields such as new methods of production and storage, electronic business and since these countries have paid special attention to the external effects of this infrastructure especially in the environment, a new view has been developed which is based on the decrease in the effectiveness of the relationship between investing in this infrastructure and economic growth among economists. However, in developing countries, this view doesn’t hold true because this infrastructure has not been sufficiently developed in these countries. Methodology: the present study aims to review the effect of infrastructural investment on Iran’s economic growth. In this respect, the production function economic growth model has been expressed and infrastructural investment has been reviewed as an important infrastructure as an overall variable. Results:In order to identify the effect of the infrastructures on Iran’s economic growth, two variables have been used, i.e. physical infrastructures and Information and Communication Technology. In order to estimate the aforementioned model, the autoregressive disturbed lag method in the time span of 1983 to 2013. Conclusion: The findings of this research have shown that in this specific time period, the reviewed infrastructures including Information and Communication Technology and physical infrastructure have had a positive and significant impact on Iran’s economic growth.
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Nemser, Daniel. "Infrastructure, Modernity, and Periodization." Eighteenth-Century Studies 58, no. 1 (September 2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2024.a944060.
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Abstract: Scholars of the infrastructural turn have generally described infrastructure in relation to modernity, and modernity in terms of the Enlightenment, highlighting the association between circulation and progress in Enlightenment thought as infrastucture's conceptual ground. This essay questions this periodization of infrastructural modernity by exploring the case of a late-sixteenth-century road project in colonial Mexico, which formed part of a global assemblage of infrastructures that wove together the emerging racial capitalist world system. Building on the work of Nancy Fraser, it proposes an alternative approach to periodizing infrastructural modernity that can distinguish and track transformations between historical regimes of accumulation.
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AJIDE, FOLORUNSHO M. "INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM AFRICA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946720500156.
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Closing the infrastructural gaps and fostering the entrepreneurial processes are considered the key to reduce African unemployment and boost productivity to achieve inclusive development. Therefore, investment in infrastructure is crucial for creating a conducive entrepreneurial environment. In this paper, we provide a contribution for this purpose, by evaluating the impact of infrastructure on entrepreneurship in a panel of twenty African countries for a period of 2006–2018. Consistent with previous studies, we find that infrastructures play a significant role in improving entrepreneurial development. In specific, we show that transport, electricity, water and sanitation facilities, ICT and broadband infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial startups in Africa. Our reports show clearly there is a positive association between infrastructures and entrepreneurial startups at a one percent significance level. These findings are robust to alternative estimation. It points out that physical infrastructure is more relevant in the case of less developed countries in promoting entrepreneurial development.
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Wadkar, Mayuri Chandakant, and Priyanka Patangrao Patil. "Traditional Infrastructure vs. Firebase Infrastructure." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 2050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14550.
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Almaleh, Abdulaziz, David Tipper, Saad F. Al-Gahtani, and Ragab El-Sehiemy. "A Novel Model for Enhancing the Resilience of Smart MicroGrids’ Critical Infrastructures with Multi-Criteria Decision Techniques." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 9756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199756.
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Microgrids have the potential to provide reliable electricity to key components of a smart city’s critical infrastructure after a disaster, hence boosting the microgrid power system’s resilience. Policymakers and electrical grid operators are increasingly concerned about the appropriate configuration and location of microgrids to sustain post-disaster critical infrastructure operations in smart cities. In this context, this paper presents a novel method for the microgrid allocation problem that considers several technical and economic infrastructure factors such as critical infrastructure components, geospatial positioning of infrastructures, power requirements, and microgrid cost. In particular, the geographic allocation of a microgrid is presented as an optimization problem to optimize a weighted combination of the relative importance of nodes across all key infrastructures and the associated costs. Furthermore, the simulation results of the formulated optimization problem are compared with a modified version of the heuristic method based on the critical node identification of an interdependent infrastructure for positioning microgrids in terms of the resilience of multiple smart critical infrastructures. Numerical results using infrastructure in the city of Pittsburgh in the USA are given as a practical case study to illustrate the methodology and trade-offs. The proposed method provides an effective method for localizing renewable energy resources based on infrastructural requirements.
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Dagiral, Éric, and Ashveen Peerbaye. "Making Knowledge in Boundary Infrastructures: Inside and Beyond a Database for Rare Diseases." Science & Technology Studies 29, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55920.
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This paper provides an ethnographical study of the ways in which infrastructure matters in the production of knowledge in the social worlds of rare diseases. We analyse the role played by a relational database in this respect, which exists at the crossroads of a large and complex network of individuals, institutions, and practices. This database forms part of a “boundary infrastructure”, in which knowledge production constitutes one output of infrastructural work, that needs to be articulated with other kinds of activities and matters of concern. We analyse how members of the network negotiate the place and forms of knowledge production in relation to these other purposes, and highlight the political nature of the distinction between knowledge and information, which frames collective action. We also show how infrastructural inversion serves to articulate knowledge production with other forms of mobilisation, thereby shaping and reconfiguring the boundary infrastructure as a whole.Keywords: knowledge infrastructures, boundary infrastructures, relational databases, rare diseases
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Adams, Jonathan. "A theory of infrastructural rhetoric." Communication Design Quarterly 10, no. 3 (September 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3507870.3507876.
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This article theorizes infrastructures and their components as rhetorical objects for analysis and persuasive use. Though the term infrastructure has been applied broadly to several studies in the social sciences, writing, technical communication, and technology studies, infrastructures have yet to be systematically theorized as an active persuasive consideration for those engaging in communicative practice. This article makes a case for a taxonomic theoretical understanding and conceptualization of infrastructure that may lead to new methodological developments in future research. This theory builds from theories of infrastructures as relational networks of social interaction around objects. The article aims to assist the persuasive endeavors of those engaged in communicative practice in infrastructural settings.
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Ratner, Helene, and Christopher Gad. "Data warehousing organization: Infrastructural experimentation with educational governance." Organization 26, no. 4 (October 29, 2018): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508418808233.
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Organization is increasingly entwined with databased governance infrastructures. Developing the idea of ‘infrastructure as partial connection’ with inspiration from Marilyn Strathern and Science and Technology Studies, this article proposes that database infrastructures are intrinsic to processes of organizing intra- and inter-organizational relations. Seeing infrastructure as partial connection brings our attention to the ontological experimentation with knowing organizations through work of establishing and cutting relations. We illustrate this claim through a multi-sited ethnographic study of ‘The Data Warehouse’. ‘The Data Warehouse’ is an important infrastructural component in the current reorganization of Danish educational governance which makes schools’ performance public and comparable. We suggest that ‘The Data Warehouse’ materializes different, but overlapping, infrastructural experiments with governing education at different organizational sites enacting a governmental hierarchy. Each site can be seen as belonging to the same governance infrastructure but also as constituting ‘centres’ in its own right. ‘The Data Warehouse’ participates in the always-unfinished business of organizational world making and is made to (partially) relate to different organizational concerns and practices. This argument has implications for how we analyze the organizational effects of pervasive databased governance infrastructures and invites exploring their multiple organizing effects.
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Jones, Chris. "Symposium 10: Infrastructures, institutions and networked learning." Proceedings of the International Conference on Networked Learning 6 (May 5, 2008): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/nlc.v6.9393.
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Universities can be criticized for setting up walled gardens, areas cut away from the mainstream of technological change. It is also suggested that some technologies, specifically Web 2.0, are unable to be contained in this way and that they threaten to breach the walls that universities put in place. Much of this discussion can have a flavour of radical innovation, the university is portrayed as slow and cumbersome, whilst the new wave of technology is wild and spontaneous. This paper suggests that any such view misses some significant and recurrent features of social and educational practice. A core function of a university is to provide credentials and to stand behind those credentials by having warranted procedures. The university even in times of rapid technological change stands for a certain kind of institutional security and the waves of technological pressure may result in changes but these changes will be adapted, adopted and ameliorated by the active agency of university organizations engaging with the new technologies as co-creators not as simple recipients of technological imperatives. Web 2.0 technologies are currently identified as technologies that imply a different relationship between institutional boundaries and wider social forms. This paper investigates the use of the term infrastructure to understand these broad questions about the relationship between pervasive technologies and institutional forms. The concept is clarified in relation to the idea of infrastructure as something that fades into the background, only an infrastructure in so far as it is largely invisible. This is contrasted with a relational view of infrastructure which suggestes that infrastructures are only infrastructures in relation to social purposes. An infrastructure for learning for example would only become such when it was incorporated into learning practices. In this view infrastructures are not to be understood as simply structures because they are processes occurring over time. Infrastructures were also located within specific settings as work-oriented infrastructures and learning infrastructures. In terms of a learning infrastructure a case was made that we need to be cautious because learning infrastructures are often constituted from elements that are neither designed for nor assigned to learning as such, and an infrastructure for learning may incorporate aspects used for learning whilst not being particular identified with learning. The idea of learning infrastructure proposed here is a relational and socio-technical view:A learning infrastructure is a socio-technical arrangement over a period of time of technologies and artefacts intertwined with social and organisational practices that is enacted for the purpose of learning.This view of infrastructure is then illustrated by research focusing on the deployment of the Open University VLE. A large infrastructural project that developed and deployed a range of new technologies, including Blogs, wikis, an e-portfolio and an adaptive assessment system across the Open University. The Open University VLE programme illustrates some of the reasons why universities are likely to be reluctant to take down the walls around institutional provision of the learning infrastructure. Issues of security and equality alongside standard concerns about cost and uniformity inform the way technologies are both developed and deployed. There is no one authoritative voice in this process and whilst the process of infrastructural development and renewal can seem to be the outcome of a plan the process is one that is negotiated between powerful institutional interests that have their roots in different roles within the university. Negotiation is not only between units and the process of decision making is also affected by the sequence of time in terms of taking decisions, for example by who is in post when key decisions are taken. Decisions taken in terms of the technological solutions for infrastructural development have definite consequences in terms of the affordances and constraints that deployed technologies have in relation to local practices. The strengths and weaknesses of an infrastructure seem to reside in a complex interaction of time, artefacts and practices.
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Eapen, Gayas. "Jugaad Infrastructures: Platforming Habituated Ecologies during the Kerala Floods of 2018." Asiascape: Digital Asia 9, no. 1-2 (July 7, 2022): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-bja10030.
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Abstract Infrastructure has often been approached through the built, and yet hidden, substrates that facilitate modern life. In postcolonial contexts, the rise of platformized solutions tasked with performing infrastructural functions has introduced complexity in theorizing infrastructure. However, provisional and temporary solutions that bring together networks, relationships, and habitations as jugaad (informal or workaround) infrastructure have the potential to address crises beyond neoliberal capture enabled through platformization. This paper uses theories on alternative ways of assembling infrastructures to analyze a rescue portal built during the Kerala floods in 2018. It argues that these complex forms of assembling an infrastructure, even during the moments of imminent existential crisis, face the risk of platformized capture, surveillance, and governance.
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PILO’, FRANCESCA. "The techno-political fabric of Rio de Janeiro: insights from electricity infrastructure." Estudos Avançados 37, no. 107 (January 2023): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2023.37107.006en.
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ABSTRACT Taking infrastructural changes in favelas as a starting point, this article investigates how the electricity infrastructure contributes to understanding the production of the city of Rio de Janeiro. It builds on the “infrastructural turnaround” in urban studies, and on the notion of techno-politics to bring a new perspective to the role of urban infrastructures in mediating everyday life, in shaping the form of the city - both materially and symbolically - and in managing differences and urban inequalities. In particular, the article sets out three different ways by which electricity infrastructures contribute to the urban fabric of Rio de Janeiro: 1) the reordering of urban space; 2) urban fragmentation; and 3) everyday practices. Through this analysis, the article seeks to investigate the relationship between infrastructure and urban fabric by considering the technological, material, and symbolic aspects of infrastructures that shape space and everyday practices.
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Monstadt, Jochen, and Olivier Coutard. "Cities in an era of interfacing infrastructures: Politics and spatialities of the urban nexus." Urban Studies 56, no. 11 (April 29, 2019): 2191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019833907.
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Over the last few years, nexus-thinking has become a buzzword in urban research and practice. This also applies to recent claims of greater integration or coordination of urban infrastructures that have traditionally been managed separately and have been unbundled. The idea is to better address their growing sociotechnical complexity, their externalities and their operation within an urban system of systems. This article introduces a collection of case studies aimed at critically appraising how concepts of nexus and infrastructure integration have become guiding visions for the development of green, resilient or smart cities. It assesses how concepts of nexus and calls for higher interconnectivity and ‘co-management’ within and across infrastructure domains often forestall more politically informed discussions and downplay potential risks and institutional restrictions. Based on an urban political and sociotechnical approach, the introduction to this special issue centres around four major research gaps: 1) the tensions between calls for infrastructure re-bundling and the urban trends and realities driven by infrastructure restructuring since the 1990s; 2) the existing boundary work in cities and urban stakeholders’ practices in bringing fragmented urban infrastructures together; 3) the politics involved in infrastructural and urban change and in aligning urban infrastructures that often defy managerial rhetoric of resource efficiency, smartness and resilience; and 4) the spatialities at play in infrastructural reconfigurations that selectively promote specific spaces and scales of metabolic autonomy, system operation (and failure), networked interconnectivities and system regulation. We conclude by outlining directions for future research.
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Ramji-Nogales, Jaya. "Breakdowns at the Border: Legal Infrastructures and Political Polarization." German Law Journal 25, no. 8 (November 2024): 1247–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2024.81.
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AbstractThis Article examines the role of political polarization in contributing to acute infrastructural dysfunction. It begins by applying an infrastructural lens to the study of law, identifying the synergies and tensions inherent in that conversation. The second section investigates the components of a functional border legal infrastructure from a range of perspectives, seeking to understand the performative role of the border. The Article next presents three case studies of politically polarized border legal infrastructures, highlighting material, relational, and distributional elements. Drawing from those examples, the Article then unpacks the role of law as border infrastructure, highlighting the contribution that a legal perspective can offer to the infrastructures literature. This section examines the layers of law involved in border infrastructures, including international, regional, and bilateral; the regulatory role of national law in constructing and governing infrastructures; and the jurisdictional functions of law in allocating the political and financial authority that are essential to the effective operation of infrastructures. This analysis highlights the role of discretion and opacity, as well as political polarization, in setting the stage for infrastructural breakdown. The Article ends by reflecting on the recursive relationship between politics and law in border infrastructures, examining how that dynamic creates and manifests failures, dysfunction, and acute breakdown.
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Neuman, Michael. "Infiltrating infrastructures: On the nature of networked infrastructure." Journal of Urban Technology 13, no. 1 (April 2006): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630730600752728.
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Anderson, Sheila, and Tobias Blanke. "Infrastructure as intermeditation – from archives to research infrastructures." Journal of Documentation 71, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 1183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-07-2014-0095.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the steps taken to produce new kinds of integrated documentation on the Holocaust in the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure project. The authors present the user investigation methodology as well as the novel data design to support this complex field. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the scholarly primitives framework. From here, it proceeds with two empirical studies of Holocaust archival research and the implementation steps taken. The paper employs key insights from large technology studies in how to organise such work. In particular, it uses the concepts of social-technical assemblages and intermediation. Findings – The paper offers a number of findings. First from the empirical studies, it presents how Holocaust researchers and archivist perceive the way they currently do research in archives. It then presents how the intermediation and digital transformation of such research can be enabled without violating its foundations. The second major insight is the technical research into how to use graph databases to integrate heterogeneous research collections and the analysis opportunities behind. Originality/value – The paper is based on existing work by the authors but takes this work forward into the world of real-life existing historical research on archives. It demonstrates how the theoretical foundations of primitives are fit for purpose. The paper presents a completely new approach on how to (re)organise archives as research infrastructures and offers a flexible way of implementing this. Next to these major insights, a range of new solutions are presented how to arrange the socio-technical assemblages of research infrastructures.
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Trinidad-Lichauco, J. "Seeking sustained development in the "infrastructure of infrastructures"." IEEE Communications Magazine 32, no. 11 (November 1994): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.330221.
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Attewell, Wesley, Emily Mitchell-Eaton, and Richard Nisa. "The Political Lives of Infrastructure." Radical History Review 2023, no. 147 (October 1, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-10637119.
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Abstract This issue explores the historical production of infrastructures as places of resistance and world-building for workers, villagers, and migrants across the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries—a period when narratives about the role of infrastructure as a conduit for modernization, development, and the centralizing capacities of the state had broad purchase. Contributions invite consideration of two questions. First, what struggles do histories of infrastructural power reveal if infrastructures are delinked from master narratives tying them to state and state-backed centralization? While development, nation building, and extraction are often state-sponsored or state-backed projects, the articles here demonstrate that modern states are not the only wielders of infrastructural power. Second, how does this decentering of the state in infrastructural analyses transform the stakes of radical political activity and the work of radical historical actors? In highlighting a different, more localized scale of infrastructural production and relation building—both within and beyond the bounds of the nation-state—contributors to this issue resituate ostensibly disparate, small sites as key to larger political struggles and frame everyday forms of “getting by” as resistance.
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Cho, Seongkyun, Keechoo Choi, and Yongju Yi. "Proactive and Sustainable Transport Investment Strategies to Balance the Variance of Land Use and House Prices: A Korean Case." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114191.
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The transport infrastructure sustaining the ascension of land values while synergizing with the industries is a condition optimized for economic sustainability. In general, although transport investment aims to create a more reliable, less congested, better-connected transport network, the secondary aim is to facilitate balanced and sustainable development by enhancing accessibility to infrastructures. Although the current investment principle in Korea more or less reflects the primary purpose, the second aim is not fully reflected and might be too strict about measuring the balanced and sustainable influence on the regional economy. Considering that the house price is an output of regional production, this research tried to establish more proactive quantitative models explaining how ‘transport accessibility to infrastructure’ raises the apartment price in South Korea while interacting with the industries. This study achieved four main results according to the model. First, most urban infrastructures raise apartment prices per square meter about ten times higher than most industries, given a percentage change. Second, the synergy between industrial sales and infrastructural accessibility was negative in most cases, showing a limit of infrastructural investment alone to facilitate sustainable development. Third, an impoverished area tends to conclude positive synergies between industries and infrastructures, justifying more infrastructural investment in those poor areas. Finally, a public service behaves as infrastructure, which re-examines public services’ functionality of the prime water. Conclusively, this research proved that accessibility to core infrastructures is essential in conjunction with land use status resulting from industrial geography to rebalance Korean apartment prices for sustainable investment in transportation sectors.
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Greinke, Lena, Yvonne Franz, Alois Humer, Yuri Kazepov, and Rainer Danielzyk. "Exploring urban and regional infrastructure from a spatial perspective." European Journal of Spatial Development (EJSD) 19, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 99–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256948.
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Urban and regional infrastructures regain interdisciplinary interest in course of the ‘infrastructural turn’. Contemporary questions exceed beyond engineering and technology but reach into social, political, economic, and ecological spheres. Therefore, the ARL:Univie International Summer School 2021 “Urban and Regional Infrastructures” invited international young researchers to Vienna to discuss the state-of-the-art of infrastructure-related research. This special issue compiles the contributions and opens up the discussion on the present role, effects and future challenges of urban and regional infrastructures to an interdisciplinary planning-oriented scientific community.
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Westbury, Margaret. "Academic librarians’ Twitter practices and the production of knowledge infrastructures in higher education." Networked Learning Conference 12 (August 16, 2024): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/nlc.v12.8632.
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This short paper describes the use of infrastructural theory to interrogate data gathered for an ongoing study on the Twitter practices of academic librarians at one research-intensive university in the United Kingdom. In tandem with wider changes in networked technologies and ways of producing scholarship, academic librarians’ roles have shifted increasingly to knowledge production, particularly in the area of research support. A related shift has been academic librarians’ adoption of social media, particularly Twitter, to disseminate information and encourage community and collaboration. The few existing studies of librarians’ Twitter practices, however, frame such activity as service promotion, overlooking the relationship between technology and professional practice entwined and concomitant social effects in the university. The theoretical framework devised for this study was woven from research in anthropology and Science and Technology Studies about the nature of infrastructure. Instead of viewing infrastructure as separate and monolithic substrates supporting the circulation of goods and information, such theory posits infrastructure as relational and contingent, constituted of political decisions and having broad and co[1]constitutive social effects on knowledge, subjectivities and agencies (Jensen & Morita, 2017). The study’s theoretical framework particularly draws on the notion of knowledge infrastructures defined as “networks of people, artifacts, and institutions that generate, share, and maintain specific knowledge about the human and natural worlds” (Edwards, 2010). The framework therefore emphasises the invisible labour of infrastructure — often dubbed infrastructuring — and related socio-political practices of design and maintenance that embody promises for the future (Larkin, 2018). In this picture, infrastructure is fragile and contingent, shaped by its installed base, and remarkably complicated, unfixed and open to contestation. Based on preliminary findings, the study argues that academic librarians' Twitter practices constitute knowledge infrastructures in higher education. Using an infrastructural framework helped foreground the material conditions of librarians’ knowledge production in terms of entanglements of technology and professional values, shifts in professional subjectivities and performative effects within the university. A tentative implication for studies of technology and learning is that, by insisting that infrastructure and social activity are intertwined, learners and teachers are not framed in opposition to infrastructure and are thus better able to contest totalising narratives surrounding infrastructural learning technologies such as VLEs or MOOCs. In this picture, therefore, infrastructure is not simplistically background bulwark or sinister force. Appreciating the invisible labour involved in creating and sustaining infrastructure is therefore important for understanding contemporary learning contexts.
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Itchuaqiyaq, Cana Uluak, and Jordan Frith. "Citational practices as a site of resistance and radical pedagogy." Communication Design Quarterly 10, no. 3 (September 2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3507870.3507872.
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Discursive infrastructures are forms of writing that remain mostly invisible but shape higher-level practices built upon their base. This article argues that citational practices are a form of discursive infrastructure that are bases that shape our work. Most importantly, we argue that the infrastructural base built through citation practices is in a moment of breakdown as increasing amounts of people call for more just citational practices that surface multiply marginalized and underrepresented (MMU) scholar voices. Consequently, this article both theorizes citations as infrastructure while also focusing on a case study of the MMU scholar database to help build a more equitable and socially just disciplinary infrastructure.
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Chinamanagonda, Sandeep. "Automating Infrastructure with Infrastructure as Code (IaC)." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 2037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24829170834.
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Pierson, Jo. "Digital platforms as entangled infrastructures: Addressing public values and trust in messaging apps." European Journal of Communication 36, no. 4 (August 2021): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02673231211028374.
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Digital platforms have increasingly become accepted and trusted by European citizens as indispensable utilities for social interaction and communication in everyday life. This article aims to analyze how trust in and dependence of these ubiquitous platforms for mediated communication is configured and the kind of consequences this has for user (dis)empowerment and public values. Our analysis builds on insights from the domestication perspective and infrastructure studies. In order to illustrate our conceptual approach, we use the case of messaging apps. We demonstrate how these apps as an essential social infrastructure are entangled with a corporate-computational infrastructure. The entangling of both types of infrastructures leads to a paradox where users feel compelled to appropriate these socially indispensable apps in everyday life, while also making them dependent on their corporate control mechanisms. In order to get out of the paradox and empower users these infrastructures and their data sharing need to be disentangled. For this, we apply the notion of ‘infrastructural inversion’ as a way to surface opaque and hidden properties of the digital platforms. We conclude with a discussion of potential other routes for infrastructural inversion in order to establish data disentanglement that serves public interest values.
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Risimati, Brightnes, Trynos Gumbo, and James Chakwizira. "Spatial Integration of Non-Motorized Transport and Urban Public Transport Infrastructure: A Case of Johannesburg." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 11461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011461.
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Sustainability of transport infrastructure integration begins with involving an all-inclusive transportation chain instead of only focusing on one part of the journey. This is achieved by facilitating spatial integration between diverse transport modalities to allow for a multiplicity of travel opportunities. This paper unpacks the extent of the spatial integration of non-motorized transport and urban public transport infrastructure within the city of Johannesburg in South Africa. Cycling activity datasets derived from Strava Metro and the spatial data of urban public transport infrastructures were collected to demonstrate existing spatial patterns and infrastructure connectivity. Exploratory spatial data analysis and focal statistics analysis were central in the data processing. The findings reveal that cycling activities are separated from urban public transport infrastructure, and the city of Johannesburg’s transport system is characterized by spatially fragmented commuting and cycling operations, with limited to no sharing of infrastructure. Most public transport stations are not easily accessible for non-motorized transport and are characterized by inadequate cycling facilities. In conclusion, the identification of an urban public transportation catchment area becomes essential for developing cities such as Johannesburg. This can be used as tool for planning infrastructural upgrades and forecasting potential public transport ridership while also assessing the impacts of investments in transit planning. There is thus a need to integrate motorized urban public transport and cycling infrastructural developments toward promoting multi-mobility and infrastructure sharing.
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Frith, Jordan. "Technical Standards and a Theory of Writing as Infrastructure." Written Communication 37, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088320916553.
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Infrastructures support and shape our social world, but they do so in often invisible ways. In few cases is that truer than with various documents that serve infrastructural functions. This article takes one type of those documents—technical standards—and uses analysis of one specific standard to develop theory related to the infrastructural function of writing. The author specifically analyzes one of the major infrastructures of the Internet of Things—the 126-page Tag Data Standard (TDS)—to show how rethinking writing as infrastructure can be valuable for multiple conversations occurring with writing studies, including research on material rhetoric, research that expands the scope of what should be studied as writing, and research in writing studies that links with emerging fields. The author concludes by developing a model for future research on the infrastructural functions of writing.
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Pasquetto, Irene V., Alberto F. Olivieri, Luca Tacchetti, Gianni Riotta, and Alessandra Spada. "Disinformation as Infrastructure: Making and Maintaining the QAnon Conspiracy on Italian Digital Media." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1 (March 30, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512931.
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Building from sociotechnical studies of disinformation and of information infrastructures, we examine how - over a period of eleven months - Italian QAnon supporters designed and maintained a distributed, multi-layered "infrastructure of disinformation" that spans multiple social media platforms, messaging apps, online forums, alternative media channels, as well as websites, databases, and content aggregators. Examining disinformation from an infrastructural lens reveals how QAnon disinformation operations extend well-beyond the use of social media and the construction of false narratives. While QAnon conspiracy theories continue to evolve and adapt, the overarching (dis)information infrastructure through which "epistemic evidence" is constructed and constantly updated is rather stable and has increased in size and complexity over time. Most importantly, we also found that deplatforming is a time-sensitive effort. The longer platforms wait to intervene, the harder it is to eradicate infrastructures as they develop new layers, get distributed across the Internet, and can rely on a critical mass of loyal followers. More research is needed to examine whether the key characteristics of the disinformation infrastructure that we identified extend to other disinformation infrastructures, which might include infrastructures put together by climate change denialists, vaccine skeptics, or voter fraud advocates.
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Kaker, Sobia Ahmad. "Book review: Infrastructural Lives: Urban Infrastructure in Context." Urban Studies 53, no. 10 (April 21, 2016): 2211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016645313.
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Koerten, Henk, and Marcel Veenswijk. "Narrating National Geo Information Infrastructures: Balancing Infrastructure and Innovation." Journal of Service Science and Management 02, no. 04 (2009): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2009.24040.
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Walling, Dayne. "The infrastructured state: Territoriality and the national infrastructure system." Regional Studies 56, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.2003964.
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Rowan, Jamin Creed. "The Hard-Boiled Anthropocene and the Infrastructure of Extractivism." American Literature 93, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-9361237.
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Abstract This essay suggests that hard-boiled crime fiction in the United States has developed the kind of “deep infrastructural ethic” that John Durham Peters says is present in much modern thought. The essay attempts to illuminate the genre’s infrastructural ethic and its corresponding affordance for environmental critique by tracing its expressions through a sample of significant texts in the hard-boiled and noir canons, and by concluding with a sustained reading of Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Water Knife (2015). These readings demonstrate that hard-boiled narratives enable readers to perceive the ways in which extractivist infrastructures are frequently built upon and facilitate the exploitation of both human and environmental resources. Hard-boiled texts help readers see capitalism’s extractivist infrastructure as a type of material and intellectual entrapment that ultimately undermines the common good and the planetary commons. Further, this essay argues that hard-boiled crime fiction attends to what AbdouMaliq Simone calls “infrastructures of relationality” and thus points a way out of the material and metaphysical entrapments of an extractivist economy’s infrastructure. The infrastructures of relationality that emerge in a world in which climate crises have broken down the infrastructures of capitalism provide a platform from which individuals can practice a mode of collective thinking and being that offers an alternative to the alienation upon which extractivism depends. In short, the hard-boiled genre is not only one of the Anthropocene’s earliest cultural responders but is also a vital genre for making sense of our contemporary situation in a deeper stage of the Anthropocene.
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Velkova, Julia, and Jean-Christophe Plantin. "Data centers and the infrastructural temporalities of digital media: An introduction." New Media & Society 25, no. 2 (February 2023): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448221149945.
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While data centres are predominantly studied via their spatial and territorial dimensions, we investigate this critical part of the contemporary Internet infrastructures via its temporalities and their multiple mediations. With this introduction and the articles of this special issue, we collectively complement existing scholarship on critical data studies and media infrastructure by investigating the role that data infrastructure plays in shaping the temporalities of data. Focusing on data centres, the contributors analyze the vast infrastructural assemblage that supports such temporalities. The concept of timescapes (after Barbara Adam) guides us to organize the contributions to this special issue along the analysis of three infrastructural timescapes of data—socio-economic, elemental, and transitory—to reveal new facets of the politics of time in the data economy.
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Lawhon, Mary, David Nilsson, Jonathan Silver, Henrik Ernstson, and Shuaib Lwasa. "Thinking through heterogeneous infrastructure configurations." Urban Studies 55, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017720149.
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Studies of infrastructure have demonstrated broad differences between Northern and Southern cities, and deconstructed urban theory derived from experiences of the networked urban regions of the Global North. This includes critiques of the universalisation of the historically–culturally produced normative ideal of universal, uniform infrastructure. In this commentary, we first introduce the notion of ‘heterogeneous infrastructure configurations’ (HICs) which resonates with existing scholarship on Southern urbanism. Second, we argue that thinking through HICs helps us to move beyond technological and performative accounts of actually existing infrastructures to provide an analytical lens through which to compare different configurations. Our approach enables a clearer analysis of infrastructural artefacts not as individual objects but as parts of geographically spread socio-technological configurations: configurations which might involve many different kinds of technologies, relations, capacities and operations, entailing different risks and power relationships. We use examples from ongoing research on sanitation and waste in Kampala, Uganda – a city in which service delivery is characterised by multiplicity, overlap, disruption and inequality – to demonstrate the kinds of research questions that emerge when thinking through the notion of HICs.
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Pybus, Jennifer, Stine Lomborg, Alessandro Gandini, and Signe Sophus Lai. "Empirical approaches to infrastructures for datafication: Introduction to the special issue." New Media & Society 27, no. 4 (April 2025): 1851–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314396.
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This article introduces a special issue exploring emerging empirical approaches to studying infrastructures for datafication and their social, political, and economic implications. The merits of empirical research on infrastructures for datafication are drawn out across seven articles offering diverse methodological entry points to develop our understanding of how datafication processes operate across everyday life settings, sectors, and institutions. The contributions span multiple levels of infrastructural analysis, from tracking ecologies to digital platforms and chatbots. They also cover a range of core questions regarding the relationship and power dynamics between private and public institutions, and between big technology companies and everyday citizenhood. In illuminating how infrastructures for datafication operate, for whom and with what ends, the special issue extends a fruitful dialogue between infrastructure studies and people-centric approaches to datafication and opens avenues for infrastructure research across disciplines to create more coherent understandings of how specific technological operations shape social life.
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KILIÇ, Emine, and E. Seda ARSLAN. "Spatial analysis of infrastructure systems with remote sensing techniques: The case of Burdur Basin." Turkish Journal of Forestry | Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1056868.
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Basins formed by ecological resource have several indispensable natural values for human well-being as a part of natural landscapes. In this context, determining the different ecological characteristics of the basins is important for the sustainability and management of ecological life. In this study, infrastructures approach was applied to analyze topography and land use of the Burdur Basin. At this point, the study area was determined as green, blue, yellow, and grey infrastructures and analyzed with the topography, slope, and aspect features of the study area. Image classification utilized as a part of remote sensing of Sentinel-2A satellite images, and because of the accuracy analysis, the Kappa were calculated 0.86. In the study, NDVI, NDWI and SAVI indices were used and analyzed with infrastructure systems to determine the infrastructure identification potential of these indices. As a result, it has been determined that yellow infrastructures cover more area compared to other infrastructure types, green, blue and grey infrastructures and the yellow infrastructure, respectively. According to the indices, the NDVI index has the most infrastructures identification potential for the study area. Consequently, the dominant infrastructure type in the study area was found to be yellow infrastructure. Yellow infrastructure is followed by green, blue, and gray infrastructures respectively.
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POTCOVARU, Sorina-Denisa. "SYSTEMIC APPROACH FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES, HIDDEN VULNERABILITIES OF INTERDEPENDENCIES." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-46.
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Abstract: The growing scientific interest in the field of critical infrastructure protection has been determined by society's growing dependence on the essential services provided by these infrastructures. Critical infrastructures do not work isolated, they establish complex and dynamic networks of interdependencies. A critical infrastructure is itself a system with its own components and operating principles, a system connected to a system of systems based on multiple determinations. Critical infrastructure systems are built based on interdependent relationships between infrastructures, manifesting itself as an open system that relates to the macro-social system. Critical infrastructure systems behave dynamically and react to external stimuli represented by threats. Interdependencies between critical infrastructures generate new vulnerabilities and threats, based on the spread of effects and consequences. A comprehensive approach for critical infrastructure risks requires a systemic approach, taking into account that the interconnection of critical infrastructure objectives also involves the interconnection of threats and vulnerabilities.
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Lõhmus, Mare, and John Balbus. "Making green infrastructure healthier infrastructure." Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 30082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/iee.v5.30082.
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Jain, Bhav, Simar S. Bajaj, and Fatima Cody Stanford. "All Infrastructure Is Health Infrastructure." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 1 (January 2022): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306595.
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Miller, Robert A. "There’s infrastructure and …critical infrastructure." International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 2, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2009.02.003.
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