Tesis sobre el tema "Injection dans le tronc"
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Mesguida, Ouiza. "Biocontrôle d’un champignon pathogène, Fomitiporia mediterranea, impliqué dans l'Esca, une maladie dévastatrice du bois de la vigne, en utilisant des bactéries isolées de Vitis vinifera". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3054.
Texto completoGrapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), particularly Esca, are a major challenge for viticulture worldwide. GTDs decrease the profitable lifespan of vineyards and affect berry and wine quality, leading to an estimated one billion euros in lost revenues annually in France. No curative control treatments are available since the ban of sodium arsenate in the early 2000s, the last chemical pesticide registered to control Esca in Europe. As a consequence, development of alternative methods to manage Esca, such as biological control, has become essential. Our aim was to select bacterial biological control agents (BCAs) effective against one of the main pathogenic fungi of Esca, Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed). This fungus degrades grapevine wood acting as a white rot pathogen. White rot is a key symptom of Esca in grapevine wood, where sodium arsenate accumulated after grapevine treatment. Our objectives were to explore the mechanisms of action of selected bacterial strains against Fmed, and subsequently assess their effectiveness in field conditions. A stepwise screening of 58 bacterial strains isolated from grapevine was carried out in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of six Fmed strains, through the production of volatile and agar-diffusible metabolites. A second screening was performed on microcosm, made of wood sawdust from seven grapevine cultivars. Fifty-one bacterial strains out of 58 strains tested had high efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Fmed (>50%) through volatile compounds, while eight bacterial strains exhibited strong antifungal efficacy through the production of agar-diffusible metabolites. The strains Pseudomonas lactis SV9, Pseudomonas paracarnis S45, and Paenibacillus polymyxa SV13 demonstrated strong efficacy in inhibiting Fmed in microcosms, in a cultivar-dependent manner. The whole genomes of the three strains were analyzed along with their metabolomes (LC-MS/MS for diffusible compounds and SPME GC-MS for volatile compounds). Paenibacillus polymyxa SV13 inhibited Fmed growth mainly via the production of diffusible metabolites, while the two Pseudomonas strains acted mainly via their volatile metabolites. Among the bacterial diffusible compounds, P. polymyxa SV13 produced mainly fusaricidin-type compounds in the presence of Fmed, compounds known for their antifungal activity. Regarding bacterial volatiles, both Pseudomonas strains produced dimethyl disulfide, which is also known as an antifungal molecule. Genome analyses of the three bacterial strains revealed gene clusters responsible for regulating both direct and indirect mechanisms of action in BCAs. To understand the mode of action of sodium arsenite on Fmed, the transcriptome of the fungus was examined while interacting with this chemical compound, hence paving the way for future transcriptomic analyses during the pathogen interaction with the bacterial BCAs. The biocontrol potential of the two strains P. paracarnis S45 and P. polymyxa SV13 was evaluated in a vineyard trial, by injecting them into the trunks of Esca-symptomatic grapevines of the cultivar Sauvignon Blanc. This study demonstrated a reduction in Esca severity after trunk injections of P. paracarnis S45 or P. polymyxa SV13. Treatment efficacy varied depending on the type of wood tissue injected, with the greatest efficacy observed when injected into white-rot. Analyses of grapevine physiology, berry quality and wood microbiome were also carried out, following the injection of the two bacteria into the trunk of the grapevines. Our results highlight the importance of studies combining the selection of biological control agents in vitro, deciphering their modes of action and the evaluation of their efficacy in the field. Future research could focus on optimizing application methods and refining biocontrol formulations to further enhance their effectiveness
MATON, BRUNO. "Role du tronc cerebral dans les crises convulsives generalisees". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M213.
Texto completoCalmon, Raphael. "IRM multimodale sériée dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral chez l'enfant". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066462/document.
Texto completoDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma is a pediatric tumor with very poor prognosis. Median survival is 9-12 months. Its typical MRI appearance allows for diagnosis without histological confirmation, but has limited understanding its pathophysiology for years. DIPGs molecular identity identified as histone H3K27M mutations in 2012 defined them as a separate entity. Two subgroups with different phenotypes and prognoses are associated with mutations in one of the two variants H3.1/H3.3 of histone H3. The aim of this thesis was to use multimodal imaging techniques to better understand the pathophysiology of DIPG, by observing the evolution of the effects of different treatments over time. 1st, we showed an increase in perfusion indices associated with decreased edema after radiotherapy. Secondly, we have described the phenomenon of pseudo-progression in MRI, an increase in tumor volume and enhancement associated with a significant increase in perfusion index. This shouldn’t be confused with true tumor progression. The ratio of increase in lesion’s blood flow after radiotherapy has high sensitivity and specificity to identify pseudo-progression. 3rd, we compared the imaging parameters with the histological data to better understand the differences between the histone mutations. The mutated tumors H3.1 have more edema, more necrosis and a lower perfusion. While mutated H3.3 tumors have a higher tumor burden. Tumor burden is positive correlated to lesion blood volume. Multimodal imaging is essential in monitoring and understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of DIPG. It should be included in the research protocols in order to advance and then one day to cure these small patients
Truffaux, Nathalene. "Nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral de l'enfant". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T022/document.
Texto completoDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a rare, unresectable and universally fatal tumor. Due to the lack of available material, no improvements have been made in the knowledge of the biology of this tumor until recent years, leaving radiotherapy as the only efficient treatment, and only transiently. Recently, the effort engaged for collecting samples in this disease at the diagnosis or at the autopsy resulted in an unprecedented number of analyses consequently improving our knowledge in DIPG. Those studies bring evidences for their differences with adult gliomas, but also with other pediatric supratentorial glioma showing specific genomic alterations. Thus, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFRα) appeared to be one of the major target given its frequent aberrations found in those tumors. Investigating an effective drug to inhibit this pathway led us to evaluate the effect of dasatinib, which is known as a multi-targeted inhibitor. We report here the in vitro efficacy of dasatinib on new cell lines of DIPG developed from stereotaxic biopsy at diagnosis. Because therapies are largely inefficient in the clinic when they are used as a monotherapy, we bring out our interest on combining dasatinib with an inhibitor of MET, which is the 2nd most common amplified oncogene in these tumors.Additionally, an innovative strategy of pharmacological screening has been successfully tested. New drugs, potentially efficient in DIPG, have been fonctionnaly-defined, including Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), Cyclin-Dependent Kinases inhibitors (CDKi) and proteasome inhibitors as well.Finally, by using whole genome sequencing (WGS), we have been able to discover new genetic abnormalities, never encountered before in other cancers. Among those, mutations of histone H3K27M with a high frequency of 80% were found, suggesting that they have a fundamental role in tumors genesis. Moreover, ACVR1/ALK2 activating mutations have been identified as well. And this gene now represents a new target to explore. This work reports the research of new therapeutic targets through an exploratory approach using drug screening and WGS on the one hand, and on the other hand through a preclinical validation approach in terms of targeted therapies with tyrosine-kinases inhibitors
Bellavance, Marie-Andrée. "L'inhibition au tronc cérébral dans le système sensoriel des vibrisses des rongeurs". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27768.
Texto completoRodents use their vibrissae to explore the environment. Sensory information gathered by the vibrissae is forwarded to each of the sensory trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem, where inhibition shapes response properties of trigeminothalamic cells. We found that fast feedforward inhibition of PrV cells by GABAergic and glycinergic interpolaris cells determines the angular selectivity of PrV neurons. Our results also show that stimulus direction systematically influences the latency of the first action potential, and that first spike latency is as reliable as spike counts to quantify the angular tuning of PrV cells. We propose that inhibition at the first relay station of the vibrissa system contributes to filtering redundant information and to the implementation of a latency code for the transfer of sensory information to thalamus and cortex. In a second study, we examined how sensory feedback loops affect facial motoneurons that control vibrissa movements. We demonstrated that this loop is not exclusively excitatory, as previously reported by Nguyen and Kleinfeld (2005), but that it can inhibit motoneurons that drive vibrissa protraction. Reflex latency in this loop is of the order of 11 to 13 ms, which matches that estimated in freely exploring rats when they contact an object. Retrograde labeling combined with in situ hybridization revealed that motoneurons of the intrinsic vibrissa muscles receive input from glutamatergic and GABAergic/glycinergic premotor neurons located in the trigeminal oralis nucleus. In contrast motoneurons that drive retraction of the mystacial pad only receive excitatory input from glutamatergic cells of the spinal interpolar nucleus that project to Po. In sum, our studies show that inhibition at the very first relay stations of the vibrissa system plays a key role in the selection of sensory information and in fine tuning the motion of the vibrissae.
Herrault, Guillaume. "Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans le traitement du gliome infiltrant du tronc cérébral". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0301.
Texto completoDIPG (Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma) is a rare paediatric brain tumour with a median survival after diagnosis of less than one year. The standard treatment for this cancer is radiotherapy, but this is not curative. Research into new and innovative therapeutic strategies is therefore essential to enable effective clinical management of children with DIPG.In 2022, our team showed in vitro and in vivo that inhibition of EZH2 methyltransferase activity by GSK126 sensitised DIPG cells to statins by increasing cholesterol synthesis. However, the mechanism of action inducing this synergistic effect between the two compounds remained unknown. Our results showed that the use of GSK126 increased both cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, associated with a greater accumulation of lipid droplets. We also showed that GSK126 selectively killed the most proliferating tumour cells (OPC-like) and that resistant cells set up a pro-survival programme. By transcriptomic analysis, we discovered that GSK126 induced numerous molecular pathways involved in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the setting up of autophagic/mitophagic processes and NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results also showed that treatment with GSK126 prevented the activation of STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation and induced cell death by pyroptosis in the most sensitive cells. Finally, this work highlighted the importance of the protein prenylation process in the pro-survival programme of cells despite cellular stress. Combined targeting of some of these processes and inhibition of EZH2 methyltransferase activity has shown a synergistic anti-tumour effect in in vitro models.In parallel, we carried out a pharmacological screening on a 3D model of differentiated DIPG cells to identify new therapeutic targets. Our results showed that these cells are highly sensitive to inhibitors of microtubule dynamics. A kinomic analysis of cells treated with a microtubule inhibitor showed the activation of a kinase involved in the control of cell division and DNA damage. This second study also led to the discovery of a synergistic anti-tumour effect in vitro between inhibitors of these two targets
Lombez, Laurent. "Injection optique et injection électrique de spin dans des nanostructures semiconductrices". Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000265/.
Texto completoThis thesis describes photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectroscopy studies of the spin properties of semiconductors nanostructures for applications in spin-electronics. We analyze the electronic spin properties in dilute nitride semiconductors such as GaAsN bulk and InGaAsN / GaAs quantum wells. We observe, at room temperature, a slow decay of the circular polarization as well as a strong spin polarization of the conduction band electrons. The origins of these result is linked to the spin dependant recombination mechanism of the electron in the conduction band with deep paramagnetic centers. Moreover, we study the problem of the electrical spin injection in hybrid metal / semiconducteur structures (spin-LED). The spin injection is realized from a Cobalt layer through an oxide tunnel barrier and it is detected by quantum well electroluminescence. Furthermore, after characterizing the spin dynamics in p-doped quantum dots by photoluminescence spectroscopy and demonstrating the major role of the hyperfin interaction, we realize an efficient electrical spin injection into quantum dots
Pascual, Olivier. "Etude de la chemosensibilité centrale à l'hypoxie dans le tronc cérébral de rat". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10135.
Texto completoCHAPOTTE, RUBRECHT CATHERINE. "Anesthesie-reanimation dans la chirurgie du tronc cerebral : proposition d'une conduite a tenir a propos de 27 observations". Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1065.
Texto completoRichard, Céline. "Etude de l’encodage des sons de parole par le tronc cérébral dans le bruit". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20116/document.
Texto completoThe major purpose of my thesis was the investigation of brainstem structures implications into speech in noise processing, particularly by identifying the impact of acoustic cues on normal speech perception. Firstly, we were involved in the engineering of the speech auditory brainstem responses (SABR) recording system. SABR are similar to brainstem auditory evoked responses to clicks, but require different acquisition and signal processing set-ups, due to the difference between the French and the American stimuli used by the American reference team. The different studies presented here, permitted to emphasize the role of brainstem structures into the subcortical processing of acoustical cues, such as the temporal enveloppe, or the voicing, with a possible evidence of a corticofugal effect on SABR. These experimentations lead us to a more fundamental question on the best conditions required for PEASP collection, in particular, the best stimulation intensity needed. The results of the experiment on intensity effect showed a non linear relation between the stimulation intensity and PEASP characteristics. Even if an intensity of only 20 dB SL seems enough for SABR recording, individual results are still highly variable so that diagnostic application of SABR on, for example, children with language learning problems or subject suffering from speech in noise perception impairment remains difficult
Hoarau, William. "INJECTION DE FAUTES DANS LES SYSTEMES DISTRIBUES". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281532.
Texto completoHoarau, William. "Injection de fautes dans les systèmes distribués". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112152.
Texto completoIn large scale distributed systems, the occurrence of faults is unavoidable. Being able to control faults (such as the crash of a process) is an important tool to deploy reliable distributed systems. In this thesis, we present FAIL (for Fault Injection Language), a language that permits to elaborate complex fault scenarios easily. It is possible to design probabilistic scenarios (for quantitative tests) as well as deterministic reproduciple ones. We then present FAIL-FCI (FAIL Cluster Implementation), our fault injector, that consists in a compiler, a runtime library, and a middleware platform for distributed fault-injection. FCI can be interfaced with various programming languages and does not require source code modification. We also present various tests we conducted on several distributed applications
Grandvalet, Yves. "Injection de bruit dans les perceptrons multicouches". Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD802.
Texto completoGrenet, Louis. "Injection de spins dans les semi-conducteurs". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY010.
Texto completoSpin injection into semiconductors is a key point of spintronics, which aims at using spin of electron as a degree of freedom. This work deals with spin injection l'rom a ferromagnetic electrode into semiconductor through a tunnel ballier without applying a magnetic tield. Spin polarization of the current is optically detected, that requires an out-of-plane magnetization of the electrodes. This work is thus structured in two pmts. The tirst section deals withl fabrication of oxide/ferromagnetic metal heterostructures for spin injection into GaAs and Si. Growth of MgO/FePt by molecular beam epitaxy on GaA and of AhOJ/CoPt by sputtering on Si are described. The study of the magnetic, structural and transport properties of such layers prove the possibility , obtaining thin layers for spin injection in different semiconducting materials. The second part of this work focuses on spin polarized transport in Silico Spin injection into this material without applying a external magnetic tilm is thus demonstrated t()r the tirst time thanks to electroluminescence measurements. The analysis of the light emitted by a SiGe quantum weil embedded in a Si diode shows an optical polmization of about 3% which is caused by the spin polarization of the injected current
Grenet, Louis. "Injection de spins dans les semi-conducteurs". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508923.
Texto completoAkhoun, Idrick. "ANALYSE DE L'ENCODAGE DES SIGNAUX DE PAROLE DANS LE TRONC CEREBRAL (SPEECH AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSE)". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568938.
Texto completoAkhoun, Idrick-Gabriel. "Analyse de l’encodage des signaux de parole dans le tronc cérébral : speech auditory brainstem response". Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10270.
Texto completoIn this dissertation, speech encoding in the peripheral auditory system is investigated by the speech-evoked brainstem responses (Speech-ABR) electrophysiological approach – in normal-hearing adults. Section 1 addresses technical aspects related to Speech ABR. Firstly, a parametric study that quantifies electromagnetic artefact influences from stimulation is presented in order to prove the authenticity of Speech-ABR recordings. Second, advantages related to time-frequency analysis of Speech ABR are detailed, particularly for high-frequency signals (500 Hz and above). Finally, an empirical approach is proposed to narrow-down the Speech-ABR physiological generators within the brainstem, using specific stimuli. In Section 2, the influence of the stimuli acoustic structure on Speech ABR is discussed. Firstly, the temporal relationship between the /ba/ syllable and Speech ABR is described. Second, the effect of stimulus intensity on Speech-ABR latencies is presented and third, the effects of pitch and stimulus nature (speech, non-speech and music) on the ABR. The last part attempted to link perception quality to Speech ABR synchronisation accuracy
Bertholon, Pierre Nicolas. "L'interet de l'electro-oculographie informatisee dans la pathologie vasculaire du tronc cerebral et du cervelet : a propos de 20 observations". Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET6423.
Texto completoCONVERS, PHILIPPE. "L'exploration des voies sensitives par les potentiels evoques somesthesiques precoces dans les lesions du tronc cerebral : a propos de 63 observations". Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET6023.
Texto completoVieillard-Baron, Antoine. "Rôle des métalloprotéases de la matrice extracellulaire dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire expérimentale et le remodelage vasculaire pulmonaire". Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120034.
Texto completoChronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) results from persistent vasoconstriction and structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries. Elastic fibers fragmentation and collagen accumulation in vessel wall are important components of the alterations in PH, suggesting a crucial role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), through their ability to control matrix deposition and to modify smooth muscle cells migration and proliferation. The aim of this work was to investigate the effective role of MMPs in pulmonary vascular remodeling, using 2 experimental models, hypoxia and monocrotaline-induced PH. Our studies provide evidence that MMPs play a pivotal role in protecting against hypoxia-induced PH, but have a deleterious effect in monocrotaline-induced PH. In conclusion, MMPs may have either beneficial or harmful effects depending on the pathological process leading to PH
Roda, Fabrice. "Contribution à l'étude des réseaux neuronaux du tronc cérébral impliqués dans la commande motrice de la langue". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30081.
Texto completoElectrophysiological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to characterize the hypoglossal motor command during breathing, swallowing, coughing, or anesthesia. Our results suggested that hypoglossal motoneurons are organized in functional subsets as related to their motor command. We demonstrated that anasthetics differentially affected the hypoglossal inspiratory activity. Neurons located in the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus could be involved in the modulation of hypoglossal inspiratory activity. Our results suggested that the brainstem reticular formation may play a key role in the coordination of breathing and swallowing. This work provided a detailed analysis of neuronal networks involved in the motor control of the tongue
Pariat, Etienne. "Injection de flux et d'hélicité magnétiques dans l'atmosphère solaire". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108682.
Texto completoAprès avoir introduit cette problématique, à partir d'observations multi-longueurs d'onde (FGE, TRACE, SoHO, THEMIS), je montre pourquoi les tubes de flux magnétiques adoptent une forme ondulée au niveau de la photosphère et que des reconnexions magnétiques sont nécessaires à la progression des tubes de flux dans l'atmosphère solaire. Je présente ensuite les résultats d'une simulation numérique MHD 3D portant sur l'étude des conditions topologiques du déclenchement de la reconnexion magnétique. Enfin j'expose mes travaux analytiques sur la densité de flux d'hélicité magnétique, et leurs applications aux observations solaires.
Cette étude permet de faire le lien entre la génération de l'hélicité magnétique dans l'intérieur solaire, son injection et sa redistribution dans la couronne solaire et son éjection dans le milieu interplanétaire.
Lazare, Olivier. "Injection de glaçons de deutérium dans le tokamak TFR". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112161.
Texto completoInjecting fresh fuel deep inside the plasma of a thermonuclear reactor appears to be necessary; the only way to do that is to inject fast solid deuterium pellets. The existing theoritical, technical and experimental aspects of this method are presented. The experiments on TFR have confirmed that injecting pellets is technically feasible; a new kind of injector is presented. The injection does not degrade stability nor confinement of the plasma. The study of the transient phenoma occuring during the injection has proved to be an efficient way to investigate particles and energy transport in the discharge; in particular, a fast transport phenomenon, similar to those occuring during disruptions, has been studied in details. Conclusions about disruptions are drawn
Pyatigorskaya, Nadya. "Etude de lésions du tronc cérébral à l'aide de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique dans les syndromes parkinsoniens". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066477.
Texto completoIn recent years numerous biomarkers of nigro-striatal damage were proposed in Parkinson's disease (PD). These markers are able to detect and quantify neurodegenative changes in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with PD as well as in subjects with premotor conditions. Their diagnostic performances to detect PD as well as the extent of extranigral pathology remain incompletely understood.In this work we observed the damage of the substantia nigra in preclinical and premotor forms of PD. Iron load was increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic mutations carriers, suggesting the interest of the biomarker in PD related genetic mutations. In addition, we found a pre-clinical impairment of the SN in subjects affected by idiopathic sleep in REM behavioral disorders (iRBD) who have not yet converted to Parkinsonism. In these subjects, the SN damage was best demonstrated by neuromelanin-sensitive imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fractional anisotropy measure, suggesting an interest of these measures in the prodromal characterization of PD. These same markers had the best performance for PD diagnosis.Finally, we found medulla oblongata damage patients with PD using DTI. This damage was correlated with cardiac and respiratory autonomic symptoms, suggesting the importance of this biomarker in medulla oblongata damage exploration. It also opens a possibility of medulla oblongata study in presymptomatic subjects as medulla oblongata damage should appear before motor symptoms based on the Braak model.These biomarkers may be the first step towards a presymptomatic diagnosis of PD in clinical practice
Boyer, Nelly. "Mécanismes neurobiologiques de transformation des douleurs céphaliques : implication du tronc cérébral dans la sensibilisation trigéminale et spinale". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1DD03.
Texto completoMigraine is a public health problem having a major negative impact on the daily lives of patients. Twelve percent of the world population suffers from migraine and its cost is estimated at $ 18 billion per year in the European Community. The frequency of attacks may increase over time in some migraineurs, thus evolve episodic migraine (0-14 days crises by month) in chronic migraine (more than 15 days of attacks by month). This process is called transformation of migraine. Frequency of headache attacks at baseline appears to be an important risk factor for this process. Using behavioral electrophysiological, and immunohistochemical (expression of Fos protein) approaches, we have identified some of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the transformation of migraine. Indeed, developing an animal model of repeated chemical stimulation of the dura, we evaluated (1) the role of the intensity and frequency of chemical stimulation (crisis) on skin sensitivity (2) sensitization of second order trigeminal and spinal neurons (3) the effectiveness of font treatment reference of the crisis, propranolol (4) the involvement of the brainstem (locus coeruleus (LC) and periacqueductal grey matter (PAG)) in the sensitization of trigeminal and spinal neurons and (5) the involvement of LC changes in skin sensitivity induced by chemical stimulation of the dura. Our behavioral study reveals that topography (cephalic and / or extracephalic) and nature (static or dynamic) of allodynia induced by chemical stimulation of the dura is under the influence of two factors: intensity and frequency of stimulation, which may lead to its persistence. Our electrophysiological and behavioral studies confirm that the cephalic and extracephalic cutaneous allodynia reflects awareness of trigeminal and spinal neurons, respectively, which may become persistent. Propranolol permits to prevent changes in cutaneous allodynia, and trigeminal and spinal sensitization. We also observed the awareness of two brainstem structures: the PAG and LC which result in a persistent alteration of DNIC. However propranolol appears to prevent the alteration of these phenomena via inhibition of a single structure LC and not the PAG. Indeed, our microinjection of propranolol in the LC can prevent any changes induced by chemical stimulation of the dura. In conclusion these results suggest that the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks are two endogenous risk factors of migraine transformation. A marker of transformation is allodynia, which is the clinical expression of central sensitization of the dorsal horn neurons. This central sensitization is due to the direct arrival of information from the dura but also to an alteration of neuronal activity in LC. Based on these findings, one can suggest that patients with frequent and/or severe migraine attacks take as early as possible a migraine prophylactic treatment. This treatment should prevent the cumulative adverse functional consequences on the central nervous system of the activation of dural nociceptors
Olcer, Murat. "Injection, conduction et piégeage de charges dans l'oxyde de silicium /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=577.
Texto completoFrangou, Lamprini. "Injection, transmission et détection de spin dans les matériaux antiferromagnétiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY079/document.
Texto completoAntiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging research field in the area of information technology that exploits the unique combination of properties of antiferromagnets. It is their high excitation frequency, robustness against external fields, zero net magnetization and possibility of generating large magneto-transport effects that makes them so interesting. Spin transfer, spin-orbit coupling and spin caloritronics constitute the phenomena that have shaped much of the recent research and development towards pure antiferromagnetic spintronics. Here we investigate spin transfer torque and spin pumping in both metallic and insulating antiferromagnets by means of ferromagnetic resonance technique, in ferromagnetic spin injector – NiFe, CoFeB / (spin conductor – Cu) / antiferromagnetic spin sink – IrMn, NiFeOx, NiO trilayers. Temperature dependence measurements of the ferromagnetic relaxation revealed a novel spin pumping effect associated to the linear fluctuations at the magnetic phase transition of the antiferromagnet, regardless its electronic state and the nature of the spin transport. This opens new ways towards more efficient spin pumping, while providing at the same time a versatile method to probe the critical temperature of ultrathin films with zero net magnetization. Next, in an effort to probe linear as well as non-linear fluctuations in the antiferromagnet we conducted electrical measurements in spin Hall geometry. A novel non-monotonous temperature dependence of transverse dc voltage was sometimes observed, mostly associated to the properties of a specific ferromagnet: Permalloy, unrelated to spin rectification effects. These findings add to a growing body of literature on spin current absorption, highlighting the ability of ferromagnets to act as spin current detectors, in phenomena involving magnetization dynamics. Finally, we used exchange bias to investigate and subsequently engineer the magnetic and electric properties of various antiferromagnets intended for diverse spintronic applications including reading via tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance
MAGET, PATRICK. "Injection de glacons et confinement dans le tokamak tore supra". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112228.
Texto completoDesplats, Henri. "Flamme de prémélange stabilisée par injection pariétale dans une conduite". Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2322.
Texto completoMendoza, Rennan. "Morphologies induites dans les pièces en polyolefine moulées par injection". Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0006.
Texto completoThis work gave for objective to finely characterize the morphologies which could be found through the thickness of injection moulded plates of polypropylene and linear polyethylene, and to determine the influence of some processing parameters on these morphologies. The orientation functions of the different crystallographic axes were determined by infrared dichroism and waxs pole figures obtained with rotating anode generated beam and synchrotron beam. The lamellar distribution and dimensions were determined by saxs. Finally, the crystalline structures size was characterized by polarized light optical microscopy. The whole of the results was used to generate morphological models through the thickness of the injection moulded plates. Complex morphological structures, induced by deformation, were found: shish-kebabs with epitaxial grow of daughter lamellae for pp and with twisted to right lamellae for hdpe. More generally, the orientation of the amorphous phase is low and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of polyolefins is controlled by the high orientation of the crystalline phase. The plate thickness and the polymer molecular weight have a strong influence on the molecular orientation and on the obtained crystalline morphologies, whereas the injection speed determines the thickness of the various morphological layers through the thickness, without appreciably modifying neither the molecular orientation levels, nor the lamellar dimensions
Sarafianos, Alexandre. "Injection de fautes par impulsion laser dans des circuits sécurisés". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944943.
Texto completoGao, Xue. "Injection de spin dans les semiconducteurs et les matériaux organiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0059/document.
Texto completoSpintronics with semiconductors is very attractive as it can combine the potential of semiconductors with the potential of the magnetic materials. GaN has a long spin relaxation time, which could be of potential interest for spintronics applications. Organic spintronics is also very appealing because of the long spin lifetime of charge carriers in addition to their relatively low cost, flexibility, and chemical diversity. In this thesis, we investigate spin injection in spin LEDs containing either InAs/GaAs quantum dots or InGaN/GaN quantum wells. Moreover, we further study spin polarized transport in organic multiferroic tunnel junctions (OMFTJs). Firstly, we will show that the circular polarization of the light emitted by a LED containing a single layer of p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) can reach about 18% under zero applied magnetic field. A clear correlation is established between the polarization degree of the emitted light and the perpendicular magnetization of the injector layer. The polarization reaches a maximum for an applied bias of 2.5V at 10K, which corresponds to an injected current of 6 µA. Also, we report a remarkable behavior of the polarization in the temperature region 60-80K. The interpretation of the bias and temperature dependence of the polarization is discussed in light of the competition between radiative recombination time τr and the spin relaxation time τs. In addition, significant efforts have been devoted to developing a perpendicular spin injector on GaN based materials to achieve spin injection without applying a magnetic field. Firstly, the growth of MgO has been investigated at various growth temperatures. Then, we studied the growth of either Fe or Co on MgO/GaN. In contrast to Fe/MgO, the Co/MgO spin injector yields a clear perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In addition, ab-initio calculations have been performed to understand the origin of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Co/MgO(111) interface. Finally, we investigate multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) based on organic PVDF barriers doped with Fe3O4 nano particles. The organic MFTJs have recently attracted much attention since they can combine advantages of spintronics, organic and ferroelectric electronics. We report on the successful fabrication of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/PVDF:Fe3O4/Co OMFTJ, where the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) organic barrier has been doped with ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. By changing the polarization of the ferroelectric PVDF, the tunneling process in OMFTJ can be switched either through the LSMO/PVDF/Co part (positive polarization) or through the Fe3O4/PVDF/Co part (negative polarization). This corresponds to a reversal of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) from +10% to -50%, respectively. Our study shows that the doping of OMFTJs with magnetic nanoparticles can create new functionalities of organic spintronic devices by the interplay of nanoparticle magnetism with the ferroelectricity of the organic barrier
Gao, Xue. "Injection de spin dans les semiconducteurs et les matériaux organiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0059.
Texto completoSpintronics with semiconductors is very attractive as it can combine the potential of semiconductors with the potential of the magnetic materials. GaN has a long spin relaxation time, which could be of potential interest for spintronics applications. Organic spintronics is also very appealing because of the long spin lifetime of charge carriers in addition to their relatively low cost, flexibility, and chemical diversity. In this thesis, we investigate spin injection in spin LEDs containing either InAs/GaAs quantum dots or InGaN/GaN quantum wells. Moreover, we further study spin polarized transport in organic multiferroic tunnel junctions (OMFTJs). Firstly, we will show that the circular polarization of the light emitted by a LED containing a single layer of p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) can reach about 18% under zero applied magnetic field. A clear correlation is established between the polarization degree of the emitted light and the perpendicular magnetization of the injector layer. The polarization reaches a maximum for an applied bias of 2.5V at 10K, which corresponds to an injected current of 6 µA. Also, we report a remarkable behavior of the polarization in the temperature region 60-80K. The interpretation of the bias and temperature dependence of the polarization is discussed in light of the competition between radiative recombination time τr and the spin relaxation time τs. In addition, significant efforts have been devoted to developing a perpendicular spin injector on GaN based materials to achieve spin injection without applying a magnetic field. Firstly, the growth of MgO has been investigated at various growth temperatures. Then, we studied the growth of either Fe or Co on MgO/GaN. In contrast to Fe/MgO, the Co/MgO spin injector yields a clear perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In addition, ab-initio calculations have been performed to understand the origin of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Co/MgO(111) interface. Finally, we investigate multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) based on organic PVDF barriers doped with Fe3O4 nano particles. The organic MFTJs have recently attracted much attention since they can combine advantages of spintronics, organic and ferroelectric electronics. We report on the successful fabrication of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/PVDF:Fe3O4/Co OMFTJ, where the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) organic barrier has been doped with ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. By changing the polarization of the ferroelectric PVDF, the tunneling process in OMFTJ can be switched either through the LSMO/PVDF/Co part (positive polarization) or through the Fe3O4/PVDF/Co part (negative polarization). This corresponds to a reversal of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) from +10% to -50%, respectively. Our study shows that the doping of OMFTJs with magnetic nanoparticles can create new functionalities of organic spintronic devices by the interplay of nanoparticle magnetism with the ferroelectricity of the organic barrier
AHNAOU, ABDELLAH. "Implication des systemes cholinergique et pacapergique du tronc cerebral dans la regulation du sommeil paradoxal chez le rat". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112277.
Texto completoMaarouf, Nabegh. "Modélisation des phénomènes dissymétriques dans le divergent des tuyères supersoniques propulsives : application à la vectorisation de la poussée". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0024/document.
Texto completoFluid injection application in the divergent of a supersonic axisymmetrical nozzle is an attractive way to produce vectored thrust since it can remove the need for complex mechanical devices. Such concept of thrust vectoring is currently applied for some recent jet-fighters with planar nozzles. However, fluidic thrust-vectoring may be interesting for satellite attitude control system; thrust-vectoring may reduce the number of nozzles usually used. One of the aims of this work is to analyse and study the numerous parameters concerned by the fluid secondary injection in the divergent nozzle. From this study, an analytical model, based on calculation of all efforts applied on the nozzle walls, is constructed. This model makes it possible to give a fast estimation of the thrust-vectoring. The effect of many parameters on the thrust vectoring was also studied. Extensive numerical calculations have been carried out thereafter to validate this model. The results obtained by our model were also compared to some existing experimental data which give a significant confidence of the model
Raison, Sylvie. "Expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase dans les noyaux du raphé ponto-mésencéphalique du rat adulte : modèles lésionnel, pharmacologiques et physiologique". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T204.
Texto completoBeliez, Lauriane. "Mécanismes spinaux et supraspinaux impliqués dans le couplage entre les réseaux locomoteurs et posturaux". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0367/document.
Texto completoLocomotor and postural functions are controlled by a set of neural networks that must interact to produce optimal locomotor behavior, adaptable to internal and external constraints of the body. Maintaining a dynamic balance during locomotion is based on internal coordination processes between spinal and supraspinal neuronal networks controlling different parts of the body (limbs, head and trunk). In this context, we have interested in the interactions between locomotor and postural functions, in spinal and supraspinal networks. The experiments were conducted on isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations from neonatal rats, in which the spinal locomotor CPGs and the vestibular nuclei are intact. Electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neuroanatomical approaches allowed us to highlight some of the mechanisms involved in the coupling of the different neural networks. In this study we showed that the lumbar locomotor networks control the activity of axial thoracic networks, in order to produce a coordinated activation of motors networks of limbs and trunk. This coordination is modulated by amines and information from the vestibular nuclei. These data provide new evidence for spinal mechanisms involved in the coordination of motor and postural networks
Martin, Yves. "Injection de glaçons dans le tokamak TCA : étude du processus d'ablation /". Lausanne : CRPP, 1993. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1045.
Texto completoBardoul, Michèle. "Récepteurs AMPA et kai͏̈nate précoces dans le tronc cérébral embryonnaire : effets de leur blocage ou de leur stimulation "in vitro"". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20177.
Texto completoBOURGIN, PATRICE. "Role des systemes cholinergique, vipergique et pacapergique du tronc cerebral dans la regulation du sommeil paradoxal : etude chez le rat". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066029.
Texto completoBonnavion, Patricia. "Circuits neuronaux du tronc cérébral impliqués dans la régulation des états de vigilance : distribution et rôle des récepteurs 5-HT1A". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066407.
Texto completoLefevre, Rémy. "Conception et réalisation d'une micropompe intelligente : applications dans le domaine biomédical". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935192.
Texto completoCaron-Laramée, Amélie. "Modèle analytique de pénétration de particules dans la peau par injection biolistique". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9745.
Texto completoPicchiottino, Jean-Michel. "Injection de glaçons dans un plasma chaud de tokamak : théorie et expérience". Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11013.
Texto completoWU, BO. "Modelisation phenomenologique de la combustion dans un moteur diesel a injection directe". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066777.
Texto completoJaine, Thierry. "Simulation zérodimensionnelle de la combustion dans un moteur Diesel à injection directe". Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2017.
Texto completoRuiz, Arnaud. "Modulation des récepteurs ionotropiques du glutamate par les antagonistes sélectifs et la noradrénaline : études in vivo sur les motoneurones abducens et in vitro dans le néocortex". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30065.
Texto completoChigr, Fatiha. "Étude des systèmes catécholaminergiques et neuropeptidergiques dans le tronc cérébral du nourrisson : application au syndrôme de la mort subite inexpliquée du nourrisson". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T190.
Texto completoGestreau, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des réseaux neuronaux du tronc cérébral impliqués dans la commande de la musculature respiratoire : approches neuroanatomiques et électrophysiologique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30096.
Texto completoLacrampe, Marie-France. "Ecoulement des polymères thermoplastiques dans le moule d'injection : Analyse expérimentale et validation d'un modèle de calcul". Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b265390d-1490-4919-bd16-24982b59b519.
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