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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Interferometers with memory effect"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de abril de 2025

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1

Demirer, Figen Ece, Chris van den Bomen, Reinoud Lavrijsen, Jos J. G. M. van der Tol y Bert Koopmans. "Design and Modelling of a Novel Integrated Photonic Device for Nano-Scale Magnetic Memory Reading". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 22 (21 de noviembre de 2020): 8267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228267.

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Design and simulations of an integrated photonic device that can optically detect the magnetization direction of its ultra-thin (∼12 nm) metal cladding, thus ‘reading’ the stored magnetic memory, are presented. The device is an unbalanced Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) based on InP Membrane on Silicon (IMOS) platform. The MZI consists of a ferromagnetic thin-film cladding and a delay line in one branch, and a polarization converter in the other. It quantitatively measures the non-reciprocal phase shift caused by the Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect in the guided mode which depends on the memory bit’s magnetization direction. The current design is an analytical tool for research exploration of all-optical magnetic memory reading. It has been shown that the device is able to read a nanoscale memory bit (400 × 50 × 12 nm) by using a Kerr rotation as small as 0.2∘, in the presence of a noise ∼10 dB in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. The device is shown to tolerate performance reductions that can arise during the fabrication.

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2

Cifredo-Chacón, María-Ángeles, José-María Guerrero-Rodríguez y Ignacio Mateos. "A Lightweight Method for Detecting and Correcting Errors in Low-Frequency Measurements for In-Orbit Demonstrators". Sensors 24, n.º 4 (6 de febrero de 2024): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041065.

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In the pursuit of enhancing the technological maturity of innovative magnetic sensing techniques, opportunities presented by in-orbit platforms (IOD/IOV experiments) provide a means to evaluate their in-flight capabilities. The Magnetic Experiments for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (MELISA) represent a set of in-flight demonstrators designed to characterize the low-frequency noise performance of a magnetic measurement system within a challenging space environment. In Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, electronic circuits are exposed to high levels of radiation coming from energetic particles trapped by the Earth’s magnetic field, solar flares, and galactic cosmic rays. A significant effect is the accidental bit-flipping in memory registers. This work presents an analysis of memory data redundancy resources using auxiliary second flash memory and exposes recovery options to retain critical data utilizing a duplicated data structure. A new and lightweight technique, CCM (Cross-Checking and Mirroring), is proposed to verify the proper performance of these techniques. Four alternative algorithms included in the original version of the MELISA software (Version v0.0) are presented. All the versions have been validated and evaluated according to various merit indicators. The evaluations showed similar performances for the proposed techniques, and they are valid for situations in which the flash memory suffers from more than one bit-flip. The overhead due to the introduction of additional instructions to the main code is negligible, even in the target experiment based on an 8-bit microcontroller.

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3

Thomas, Stephen, Colson Sapp, Charles Henry, Andrew Smith, Charles A. Sackett, Charles W. Clark y Mark Edwards. "Modeling Atom Interferometry Experiments with Bose–Einstein Condensates in Power-Law Potentials". Atoms 10, n.º 1 (21 de marzo de 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10010034.

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Recent atom interferometry (AI) experiments involving Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) have been conducted under extreme conditions of volume and interrogation time. Numerical solution of the rotating-frame Gross–Pitaevskii equation (RFGPE), which is the standard mean-field theory applied to these experiments, is impractical due to the excessive computation time and memory required. We present a variational model that provides approximate solutions of the RFGPE for a power-law potential on a practical time scale. This model is well-suited to the design and analysis of AI experiments involving BECs that are split and later recombined to form an interference pattern. We derive the equations of motion of the variational parameters for this model and illustrate how the model can be applied to the sequence of steps in a recent AI experiment where BECs were used to implement a dual-Sagnac atom interferometer rotation sensor. We use this model to investigate the impact of finite-size and interaction effects on the single-Sagnac-interferometer phase shift.

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4

Hsu, Hsiang Chen y Wei Mao Hung. "Reliability Prediction for 95.5Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu Solder Bump and Thermal Design for Lead Free System in Package with Polymer-Based Material". Materials Science Forum 505-507 (enero de 2006): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.289.

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This paper demonstrates the thermal-induced mechanical problems resulted from various temperature profiles of reliability test for a system-in-package (SIP) assembly process. The package includes two flip chip mounted chips (underfilled), two memory CSPs, some passive SMDs and 4-layer BT substrate. The flip-chip specimen was taken and the Moiré Interferometry was used as methodology to verify the developed Finite Element Model and material property. It also shows that the developed finite element model is capable to simulate the JEDEC standard JESD22-A104 reliability thermal cycle test and then to predict solder fatigue life and to summarize design rules for thermal optimization of package based on the creep model and viscoplastic model of solder while the SIP package design is proceeded. Thermal design for SIP depends on the placement of FC chip (high power) and memory CSP components. Passive SMDs are also included to study the effect of thermal-induced stress. A series of comprehensive parametric studies were conducted in this paper.

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5

Liu, Xue Peng, Xiao Hong Hao, Dong Sheng Zhang y Bin Wang. "Immune PI Controller on Magnetic Levitating Ultra Precision Stage". Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (julio de 2013): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.1477.

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MLUPS functions without contact or friction. With the large current power, mcu control core, laser interferometer position feedback, the stage meets the precision requirements hardware. The positioning system includes two-level positioning system—one-phase coarse positioning and two-phase fine positioning. Based on mathematical model, the immune PI controller is proposed in terms of magnetic edge effect, current harmonic and nonlinear characteristics of magnetic field. By designing target function, antigen affinity, antibodies affinity, mutation, immune algorithm optimizes parameters and memory cells. The stage working range is 10mm, the simulation result shows that the positioning precision is ±10 nm; the positioning time is 50 ms. The stage has a good performance in robustness

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6

Wang, Qing Hua, Hui Min Xie, Hai Chang Jiang, Yan Jie Li, Fu Long Dai, Peng Wan Chen, Qing Ming Zhang y Feng Lei Huang. "Investigation on the Deformation of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy with a Crack Using Moiré Interferometry". Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (marzo de 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1.

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Martensitic phase transformation can greatly affect the mechanical behaviors and the stress-strain response of shape memory alloys (SMAs). In this study, the effect of martensitic phase transformation on the deformation of a single-crystal TiNi SMA specimen with a triangle crack was investigated experimentally by means of moiré interferometry method. A typical displacement field and the corresponding strain field in areas both around and far from the tip of the crack were measured in a certain time during the loading process in which the tensile load is coupled with the stress-induced martensitic phase transformation. Some characteristics of the deformation and the martensitic phase transformation of the specimen are revealed. These results may provide a reliable support for revealing the fracture mechanism of single crystal TiNi SMAs, and may enable further development in putting forward the failure criterion of SMAs.

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7

Marchal, Antoine, Peter G. Martin, Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes, Naomi M. McClure-Griffiths, Callum Lynn, Andrea Bracco y Luka Vujeva. "Mapping a Lower Limit on the Mass Fraction of the Cold Neutral Medium Using Fourier-transformed H i 21 cm Emission Line Spectra: Application to the DRAO Deep Field from DHIGLS and the HI4PI Survey". Astrophysical Journal 961, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2024): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0f21.

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Abstract We develop a new method for spatially mapping a lower limit on the mass fraction of the cold neutral medium by analyzing the amplitude structure of T ˆ b ( k v ) , the Fourier transform of T b (v), the spectrum of the brightness temperature of the H i 21 cm line emission with respect to the radial velocity v. This advances a broader effort exploiting 21 cm emission line data alone (without absorption line data, τ) to extract integrated properties of the multiphase structure of the H i gas and to map each phase separately. Using toy models, we illustrate the origin of interference patterns seen in T ˆ b ( k v ) . Building on this, a lower limit on the cold gas mass fraction is obtained from the amplitude of T ˆ b at high k v . Tested on a numerical simulation of thermally bi-stable turbulence, the lower limit from this method has a strong linear correlation with the “true” cold gas mass fraction from the simulation for a relatively low cold gas mass fraction. At a higher mass fraction, our lower limit is lower than the “true” value, because of a combination of interference and opacity effects. Comparison with absorption surveys shows a similar behavior, with a departure from linear correlation at N H I ≳ 3–5 × 1020 cm−2. Application to the DRAO Deep Field from DHIGLS reveals a complex network of cold filaments in the Spider, an important structural property of the thermal condensation of the H i gas. Application to the HI4PI survey in the velocity range −90 < v < 90 km s−1 produces a full sky map of a lower limit on the mass fraction of the cold neutral medium at 16.′2 resolution. Our new method has the ability to extract a lower limit on the cold gas mass fraction for massive amounts of emission line data alone with low computing time and memory, pointing the way to new approaches suitable for the new generation of radio interferometers.

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8

Ma, Long, Wanqing Li, Yongzhi Yang, Yuanxue Ma, Kai Luo, Bochao Jia, Zezhou Xu y Zhenglei Yu. "Corrosion Behavior of NiTi Alloys Fabricate by Selective Laser Melting Subjected to Femtosecond Laser Shock Peening". Coatings 11, n.º 9 (6 de septiembre de 2021): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091078.

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NiTi alloys are commonly used in many fields such as aerospace, mechanical engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties and shape memory effect. In recent years, the emergence of selective laser melting (SLM) technology provides a new method for the preparation of NiTi parts. But the surface corrosion failure of SLM-NiTi is the most common problem. This paper mainly focuses on the research of femtosecond laser shock peening of the surface of SLM-NiTi alloy to improve the corrosion resistance. Selecting different scanning space (1 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm), and analyze the surface morphology of the material through the OM, SEM, EDS and white light interferometer, and investigate the surface nanohardness and corrosion resistance through nanoindentation and electrochemical testing. The research results show that part of the TiO2 is formed under different scanning spaces, and part of NiO is formed when the scanning space is 1μm. At the same time, it is found that the sample under the condition of 10 μm has the most excellent corrosion resistance and nanohardness. The nanohardness reaches 1303 ± 40 HV and the corrosion current density reaches 1.45 ± 0.1 × 10−9 A·cm−2. Proper femtosecond laser treatment can effectively improve the surface strength and corrosion resistance of the NiTi alloys.

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9

Kesteven, MJ. "Interferometers, Aberration and the Sagnac Effect". Australian Journal of Physics 40, n.º 3 (1987): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph870435.

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In this note we show that the usual expression for diurnal aberration (see e.g. Woolard and Clemence 1966) is not valid for some types of radio interferometers. The difference (usual minus correct) is a constant of the instrument, and is absorbed in the calibration procedure. The analysis of multibaseline VLBI may also be affected.

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10

Kim, Hyungjin. "Gravitational interaction of ultralight dark matter with interferometers". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/12/018.

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Abstract Ultralight dark matter exhibits an order-one density fluctuation over the spatial scale of its wavelength. These fluctuations gravitationally interact with gravitational wave interferometers, leading to distinctive signals in detectors. We investigate the ultralight dark matter-induced effects in the gravitational wave interferometers. We perform a systematic computation of the power spectrum of ultralight dark matter in interferometers. We show that the ultralight dark matter-induced effect is most relevant for the interferometers with long baseline and that it is only a sub-leading effect compared to the estimated noise level in the case of Laser Interferometer Space Antenna or future interferometers with an arm-length comparable to a few astronomical units. Gravitational wave interferometers can then place upper limits on the ultralight dark matter density in the solar system. We find that, under certain assumptions, future interferometers with AU-scale arm-length might probe the dark matter density a few hundred times the local dark matter density, which is measured over a much larger spatial scale.

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11

Yatawatta, Sarod. "Stochastic calibration of radio interferometers". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, n.º 4 (13 de marzo de 2020): 6071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa648.

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ABSTRACT With ever-increasing data rates produced by modern radio telescopes like LOFAR and future telescopes like the SKA, many data-processing steps are overwhelmed by the amount of data that needs to be handled using limited compute resources. Calibration is one such operation that dominates the overall data processing computational cost; none the less, it is an essential operation to reach many science goals. Calibration algorithms do exist that scale well with the number of stations of an array and the number of directions being calibrated. However, the remaining bottleneck is the raw data volume, which scales with the number of baselines, and which is proportional to the square of the number of stations. We propose a ‘stochastic’ calibration strategy where we read only in a mini-batch of data for obtaining calibration solutions, as opposed to reading the full batch of data being calibrated. None the less, we obtain solutions that are valid for the full batch of data. Normally, data need to be averaged before calibration is performed to accommodate the data in size-limited compute memory. Stochastic calibration overcomes the need for data averaging before any calibration can be performed, and offers many advantages, including: enabling the mitigation of faint radio frequency interference; better removal of strong celestial sources from the data; and better detection and spatial localization of fast radio transients.

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12

Leoni, R., P. Carelli y V. Foglietti. "Stray capacitance effect in superconducting quantum interferometers". Journal of Applied Physics 64, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1988): 2527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341636.

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13

Maraner, Paolo. "The effect of rotations on Michelson interferometers". Annals of Physics 350 (noviembre de 2014): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2014.07.016.

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14

Gomes, André D., Marta S. Ferreira, Jörg Bierlich, Jens Kobelke, Manfred Rothhardt, Hartmut Bartelt y Orlando Frazão. "Optical Harmonic Vernier Effect: A New Tool for High Performance Interferometric Fiber Sensors". Sensors 19, n.º 24 (9 de diciembre de 2019): 5431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245431.

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The optical Vernier effect magnifies the sensing capabilities of an interferometer, allowing for unprecedented sensitivities and resolutions to be achieved. Just like a caliper uses two different scales to achieve higher resolution measurements, the optical Vernier effect is based on the overlap in the responses of two interferometers with slightly detuned interference signals. Here, we present a novel approach in detail, which introduces optical harmonics to the Vernier effect through Fabry–Perot interferometers, where the two interferometers can have very different frequencies in the interferometric pattern. We demonstrate not only a considerable enhancement compared to current methods, but also better control of the sensitivity magnification factor, which scales up with the order of the harmonics, allowing us to surpass the limits of the conventional Vernier effect as used today. In addition, this novel concept opens also new ways of dimensioning the sensing structures, together with improved fabrication tolerances.

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15

Krakenes, K. y K. Blotekjaer. "Effect of laser phase noise in Sagnac interferometers". Journal of Lightwave Technology 11, n.º 4 (abril de 1993): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.248130.

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16

Splettstoesser, Janine, Peter Samuelsson, Michael Moskalets y Markus Büttiker. "Two-particle Aharonov–Bohm effect in electronic interferometers". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 43, n.º 35 (12 de agosto de 2010): 354027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/43/35/354027.

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17

Anderson, R., H. R. Bilger y G. E. Stedman. "‘‘Sagnac’’ effect: A century of Earth‐rotated interferometers". American Journal of Physics 62, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1994): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.17656.

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18

Vugal’ter, G. A. y G. B. Malykin. "Sagnac effect in ring interferometers on “slow” waves". Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 42, n.º 4 (abril de 1999): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02677577.

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19

Devyatov, E. V. "Electronic interferometers in the quantum Hall effect regime". Low Temperature Physics 39, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4775355.

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20

Pedersen, S., A. E. Hansen, A. Kristensen, C. B. Sørensen y P. E. Lindelof. "Aharonov–Bohm effect in GaAs/GaAlAs ring interferometers". Materials Science and Engineering: B 74, n.º 1-3 (mayo de 2000): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(99)00567-x.

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21

Kustov, Oleg y Igor Khramtsov. "On the influence of lateral cells and local perforation of resonance liner samples on the accuracy of determining their acoustic characteristics in experimental studies". MATEC Web of Conferences 320 (2020): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032000018.

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When determining the acoustic characteristics of a single-layer sample of a honeycomb liner by experiments in interferometers with normal wave incidence, a significant effect of incomplete lateral cells of the sample on acoustic characteristics was revealed. The experiments were carried out on two interferometers with channel diameters of 30 and 50 mm in the frequency range 500-3500 Hz at sound pressure levels of 120-155 dB. Based on the results of the experiments, an assessment was made of the effect on the acoustic characteristics of the percentage of perforation, which is the same both for one honeycomb cell and for the entire SAS sample. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were made to improve the accuracy of obtaining the acoustic characteristics of samples of honeycomb liner when testing them in interferometers of normal wave incidence.

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22

Zhou, Jianming, Yanyan Zhi, Junyi Zhang, Jianping Yao, Junkai Zhang y Jiejun Zhang. "Enhanced Vernier Effect in Cascaded Fiber Loop Interferometers for Improving Temperature Sensitivity". Sensors 25, n.º 1 (25 de diciembre de 2024): 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010038.

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This work presents a high-sensitivity temperature sensing system utilizing an enhanced Vernier effect implemented in cascaded fiber loop interferometers. High-sensitivity temperature sensors based on the Vernier effect have broad application prospects, but the sensitivity of traditional measurement schemes is difficult to improve further due to the limited variation in the difference between two free spectrum ranges (FSRs). Our sensing system incorporates two fiber loop interferometers and a single-mode fiber to form a Vernier spectral response, characterized by two complementary optical filter responses. As the temperature of the sensing fiber changes, one FSR decreases, and the other increases, respectively, enhancing the difference value between the two FSRs to form an enhanced Vernier effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity of a traditional Vernier effect measurement is only −298.29 kHz/°C, while our proposed enhanced Vernier effect sensing system achieves a sensitivity of 618.14 kHz/°C, which is 92 times higher than that of a two-arm optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI) sensing system and 2.07 times higher than that of a traditional Vernier effect sensing system. This approach with an enhanced Vernier effect scheme based on cascaded fiber loop interferometers can be used to design high-sensitivity sensing systems for biometrics, smart cities, and the Internet of Things.

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23

Drmeyan, H. R. y M. S. Vasilyan. "Investigation of the Effect of Defocusing on Interference Patterns Obtained in X-Ray Three-Block Interferometers". Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования, n.º 2 (16 de julio de 2024): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1028096024020154.

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The results of studying the effect of defocusing on interference patterns obtained in X-ray three-block interferometers are presented. Three-block defocused interferometers without a thick block analyzer, with a thick block analyzer and with a separate thick block (enlarger) are designed, manufactured and tested. It is shown that fine structures of interference patterns obtained from three-block defocused interferometers are observed in cases when the interferometer analyzer block is thick or an enlarger is used (fourth thick block). Theoretical calculations show that in the presence of defocusing, as a result of superposition of beams on the input surface of the interferometer analyzer, an interference pattern is formed in the form of parallel fringes (lines) lying in the scattering plane. The coordinates of the maxima of the interference fringes (lines) and the period of the fringes are calculated in the cases without a thick crystal and in its presence, as well as the magnification factor. It has been experimentally proved that a thick crystal (enlarger crystal) does not introduce new information into the interference pattern, but only increases its size in the scattering plane.

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24

HOU, Wenmei. "Effect of Beam Splitter on Nonlinearity in Heterodyne Interferometers". Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 44, n.º 09 (2008): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2008.09.163.

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25

Mukund, N., B. O’Reilly, S. Somala y S. Mitra. "Effect of induced seismicity on advanced gravitational wave interferometers". Classical and Quantum Gravity 36, n.º 10 (15 de abril de 2019): 10LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab1360.

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26

Malykin, G. B. y V. I. Pozdnyakova. "Effect of polarization nonreciprocity in rotating fiber ring interferometers". Optics and Spectroscopy 97, n.º 2 (agosto de 2004): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1790652.

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27

Vigneau, Florian, Raisei Mizokuchi, Dante Colao Zanuz, Xuhai Huang, Susheng Tan, Romain Maurand, Sergey Frolov et al. "Germanium Quantum-Well Josephson Field-Effect Transistors and Interferometers". Nano Letters 19, n.º 2 (11 de enero de 2019): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04275.

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28

CAPOZZIELLO, SALVATORE y CHRISTIAN CORDA. "SCALAR GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM SCALAR-TENSOR GRAVITY: PRODUCTION AND RESPONSE OF INTERFEROMETERS". International Journal of Modern Physics D 15, n.º 07 (julio de 2006): 1119–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271806008814.

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Scalar-tensor gravity admits the existence of scalar modes of gravitational waves (SGWs). The mechanism of production and the response of interferometers to these scalar components of gravitational waves can be studied in three different gauges in the massless case: the transverse-traceless (TT) gauge, the so-called "Shibata, Nakao and Nakamura" (SNN) gauge, and the local Lorentz gauge. The response of interferometers to massless SGWs is invariant in these different gauges. Our work generalizes previous results which, in the study of the coupling between interferometers and massless SGWs, started from the assumption that the wavelength of the SGW is much larger than the distance between the test masses. Furthermore, considering situations motivated by string-dilaton gravity, the effect of a small mass term on the response of the interferometer is taken into account. In this case (massive SGW), we have a longitudinal effect, the response of an arm of an interferometer, which is aligned in the wave propagation direction is computed. The value of the longitudinal response function for non-relativistic massive SGW at high frequencies is very high: this fact opens the doors to the interesting possibility of detection of "massive" part of the signal, if advanced projects will achieve high sensitivities. Finally, by using previous results and the geometry of the system, the generalized coupling between interferometers (like VIRGO or LIGO) and massless SGWs is studied. The total frequency response function to massless SGWs incoming from arbitrary directions is studied.

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29

Loriani, Sina, Alexander Friedrich, Christian Ufrecht, Fabio Di Pumpo, Stephan Kleinert, Sven Abend, Naceur Gaaloul et al. "Interference of clocks: A quantum twin paradox". Science Advances 5, n.º 10 (octubre de 2019): eaax8966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8966.

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The phase of matter waves depends on proper time and is therefore susceptible to special-relativistic (kinematic) and gravitational (redshift) time dilation. Hence, it is conceivable that atom interferometers measure general-relativistic time-dilation effects. In contrast to this intuition, we show that (i) closed light-pulse interferometers without clock transitions during the pulse sequence are not sensitive to gravitational time dilation in a linear potential. (ii) They can constitute a quantum version of the special-relativistic twin paradox. (iii) Our proposed experimental geometry for a quantum-clock interferometer isolates this effect.

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30

Dolgikh, S. G., S. S. Budrin y A. A. Plotnikov. "Compensation for the temperature effect on operation of laser interferometers". Instruments and Experimental Techniques 59, n.º 3 (mayo de 2016): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441216020056.

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31

Gea-Banacloche, J. y G. Leuchs. "Squeezed States in Non-ideal Interferometers: The Effect of Aberrations". Journal of Modern Optics 36, n.º 10 (octubre de 1989): 1277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500348914551331.

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32

Birkinshaw, Mark. "The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Cosmological Parameters". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 201 (2005): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900216380.

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Improved Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect data from interferometers and single dishes, and new X-ray data from Chandra and XMM, are allowing a more detailed examination of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect/X-ray technique for the measurement of distance, and hence the Hubble constant. This article reviews progress so far and the current results for H0, and discusses the potential of surveys for the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect as tests for cosmological parameters and cluster evolution.

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33

Chesneau, O., K. Rousselet-Perraut y F. Vakili. "Interferometry and Stellar Magnetism". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 175 (2000): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100055792.

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AbstractThe classical detection of magnetic fields in Be stars remains a challenge due to the sensitivity threshold and geometrical cancelation of the field effects. We propose to study the Zeeman effect using Spectro-Polarimetric INterferometry (SPIN) which consists of the simultaneous use of polarimetry and very high angular resolution provided by long baseline interferometers. As monitoring of the instrumental polarisation is mandatory in order to calibrate interferometric observations in any case, the polarised signal is a natural by-product of interferometers. This method will be tested on the GI2T interferometer thanks to its high spectral resolution and its polarimetric capabilities.

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34

Yuan, Puwei, Junli Liu, Fei Zhang, Ying Lei, Yanan Zhu, Songsong Gao, Fan Liu y Taylor B. Guo. "Abstract B131: NXC03, an AI-designed, affinity-attenuated IL-21 mutein with half-life extension enhances antitumor immunity". Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 22, n.º 12_Supplement (1 de diciembre de 2023): B131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-23-b131.

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Abstract Background:IL-21 is a pleotropic cytokine with actions including functional programming of CD8+ T cells towards a central memory phenotype with enhanced activation, expansion and survival. Indeed, recombinant IL-21 exhibited antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical studies, but its clinical development has been hindered due to short serum half-life and high dose-limiting toxicities such as hepatotoxicity and neutropenia. We hypothesized that an IL-21 mutein with weaker binding to IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) and increased stability and half-life may achieve an optimal therapeutic index for development. Here we describe the discovery and preclinical profile of such an AI-designed IL-21-Fc fusion mutein, NXC03. Methods:We computationally evaluated ~400,000 combinatorial mutations of IL-21 to look for those with desired affinity and stability profile via multiple techniques, including direct coupling analysis and physical energy functions. Following iterative in silico and in vitro screening, we selected NXC03-9804 out of the top-20 hits and fashioned it as an IgG4 Fc fusion protein (NXC03). We measured the affinity of NXC03 to human IL-21R by biolayer interferometry and its melting temperature (Tm) by label-free nano differential scanning fluorimetry. We determined the bioactivity of NXC03 by assessing human primary T-cell proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3) in huT78 cells. We evaluated the antitumor efficacy of NXC03 alone or in combination with a murine PD-1 mAb (aPD1) in MC38 and anti-PD-1 resistant B16-F10 syngeneic tumor models in hIL21R knock-in mice. We also studied the safety profiles and pharmacokinetics of NXC03 following subcutaneous (SC) administrations in monkeys. Results:NXC03 differs from wildtype (WT) IL-21 by 4 amino acid residues and displays a unique fast-on fast-off binding kinetics to IL-21R with a 1000-fold larger KD than that of WT IL-21. It has a Tm of 62.0 °C, notably higher than that of WT IL-21 (48.5 °C). Despite a ~10-fold reduction in potency in inducing pSTAT3 in huT78 cells, NXC03 was comparable to WT IL-21 in enriching CCR7+CD45RO-CD8+ stem memory T cells (TSCM) in PBMC culture. In both MC38 and B16-F10 mouse models, NXC03 monotherapy demonstrated strong, dose-dependent antitumor activity and was more potent than WT IL-21. Combination treatment of NXC03 with aPD1 further increased efficacy compared to either alone. Fusion of NXC03 and aPD1 had similar effect. Moreover, NXC03 treatment produced lasting memory response that protected against tumor rechallenge following drug cessation. NXC03 exhibited a half-life in monkeys (14.1 h, IV; 55.5h, SC) much greater than that of WT IL-21 (0.8 h, IV). NXC03 was well tolerated with no neutropenia or hepatotoxicity observed in monkeys. Conclusion:NXC03, an AI-designed attenuated IL-21 mutein, exhibits strong antitumor activity and holds promise as an immunostimulatory agent for combination with checkpoint inhibitors. Given its excellent drug developability profile, NXC03 is being fast-tracked for development towards clinical testing. Citation Format: Puwei Yuan, Junli Liu, Fei Zhang, Ying Lei, Yanan Zhu, Songsong Gao, Fan Liu, Taylor B Guo. NXC03, an AI-designed, affinity-attenuated IL-21 mutein with half-life extension enhances antitumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B131.

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35

NI, WEI-TOU, KIMIO TSUBONO, NORIKATSU MIO, KAZUMICHI NARIHARA, SHEN-CHE CHEN, SUN-KUN KING y SHEAU-SHI PAN. "TEST OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS USING ULTRA-HIGH SENSITIVE INTERFEROMETERS". Modern Physics Letters A 06, n.º 40 (28 de diciembre de 1991): 3671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004243.

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For strong fields, quantum electrodynamics tells us that the vacuum is refractive. This can be described by Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian and for B ~ 12 T , the effective index deviates from one of the order of 10-21. Schemes to measure this effect are proposed using ultra-high sensitive interferometers of the type developed for gravity-wave detection. A double modulation scheme is promising in measuring the effect to 1%. For E ~ 5 × 107 V/m and B ~ 12 T , the mixed electric-magnetic effect is also within the reach of detectability.

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36

Tsuboi, M., T. Ohno, A. Miyazaki, T. Kasuga, A. Sakamoto y T. Noguchi. "Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Observation Project with the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900115402.

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The combination of X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (S-Z) effect observations toward cluster of galaxies gives the independent estimation of Hubble constant (Sunyaev and Zel'dovich 1970). The measurement of S-Z effect is one of the most difficult observations in radioastronomy because of the weakness of the effect, ΔT = 0.1 × 1 mK (e.g. Rephaeli 1995). Because the field of view of the exist interferometers is smaller than the extended distribution of S-Z effect of low redshifted clusters, single-dish telescopes gain an advantage over interferometers. In addition, to reduce the contaminations from Galaxy and galaxies in the cluster, the mm-wave observation is preferable. Thus, we have started the project of S-Z effect observation with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope, which is the largest mm-wave telescope in the world. Our scientific goal is reliable measurement of S-Z effect of many clusters. To realize this we have made a multi-feed PCTJ-SIS mixer receiver at 40 GHz as a sophisticated tool for the observation of S-Z effect (Noguchi et al. 1995, Kasuga et al. 1995, Tsuboi et al. 1997).

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37

Russell, B. "Memory effect". Electronics Systems and Software 5, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2007): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ess:20070407.

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38

Treyz, G. V., P. G. May y Jean‐Marc Halbout. "Silicon Mach–Zehnder waveguide interferometers based on the plasma dispersion effect". Applied Physics Letters 59, n.º 7 (12 de agosto de 1991): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105338.

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39

Zhao, Yujia, Hongfeng Lin, Ciming Zhou, Hongchang Deng, Ai Zhou y Libo Yuan. "Cascaded Mach–Zehnder Interferometers With Vernier Effect for Gas Pressure Sensing". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 31, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2019): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2019.2902383.

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40

Lobos, A. M. y A. A. Aligia. "Kondo effect in transport through Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher interferometers". Physica B: Condensed Matter 404, n.º 19 (octubre de 2009): 3306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.07.093.

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41

Niebauer, T. M., R. Schilling, K. Danzmann, A. Rüdiger y W. Winkler. "Nonstationary shot noise and its effect on the sensitivity of interferometers". Physical Review A 43, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 1991): 5022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.43.5022.

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42

Smetana, Jiri, Chiara Di Fronzo, Anthony Amorosi y Denis Martynov. "Nonlinearities in Fringe-Counting Compact Michelson Interferometers". Sensors 23, n.º 17 (30 de agosto de 2023): 7526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177526.

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Compact Michelson interferometers are well positioned to replace existing displacement sensors in the readout of seismometers and suspension systems, such as those used in contemporary gravitational-wave detectors. Here, we continue our previous investigation of a customised compact displacement sensor built by SmarAct that operates on the principle of deep frequency modulation. The focus of this paper is the linearity of this device and its subsequent impact on sensitivity. We show the three primary sources of nonlinearity that arise in the sensor: residual ellipticity, intrinsic distortion of the Lissajous figure, and distortion caused by exceeding the velocity limit imposed by the demodulation algorithm. We verify the theoretical models through an experimental demonstration, where we show the detrimental impact that these nonlinear effects have on device sensitivity. Finally, we simulate the effect that these nonlinearities are likely to have if implemented in the readout of the Advanced LIGO suspensions and show that the noise from nonlinearities should not dominate across the key sub-10 Hz frequency band.

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43

Farzaneh, S., J. Fitoussi, A. Lucas, M. Bocquet y A. Tcharkhtchi. "Shape memory effect and properties memory effect of polyurethane". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128, n.º 5 (20 de septiembre de 2012): 3240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38530.

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44

Kuroda, Kazuaki. "Ground-based gravitational-wave detectors". International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, n.º 14 (diciembre de 2015): 1530032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815300323.

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Gravitational wave is predicted by Einstein’s general relativity, which conveys the information of source objects in the universe. The detection of the gravitational wave is the direct test of the theory and will be used as new tool to investigate dynamical nature of the universe. However, the effect of the gravitational wave is too tiny to be easily detected. From the first attempt utilizing resonant antenna in the 1960s, efforts of improving antenna sensitivity were continued by applying cryogenic techniques until approaching the quantum limit of sensitivity. However, by the year 2000, resonant antenna had given the way to interferometers. Large projects involving interferometers started in the 1990s, and achieved successful operations by 2010 with an accumulated extensive number of technical inventions and improvements. In this memorial year 2015, we enter the new phase of gravitational-wave detection by the forthcoming operation of the second-generation interferometers. The main focus in this paper is on how advanced techniques have been developed step by step according to scaling the arm length of the interferometer up and the history of fighting against technical noise, thermal noise, and quantum noise is presented along with the current projects, LIGO, Virgo, GEO-HF and KAGRA.

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45

Wang, Yuan, Xiping Zhu, Hailin Chen, Chao Jiang, Xiaoshan Guo y Simei Sun. "Relative humidity sensor based on cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometers and Vernier effect". Optik 254 (marzo de 2022): 168605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.168605.

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46

HAN, MEI y YONG ZHANG. "AHARONOV–BOHM EFFECT ON QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE INTERFEROMETERS". Modern Physics Letters B 24, n.º 09 (10 de abril de 2010): 849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910022901.

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The quantum conductance of the electron interferometers composed of the armchair and metallic zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in an axial magnetic field lower than 100 T has been studied by using the tight-binding approximation and Landauer–Buttiker formula. Quantum conductance oscillation as a function of gate voltage due to Fabry–Perot like electron interference was found. The analytical expressions of the rapid and slow conductance oscillation periods for the armchair SWNTs have been derived. It is shown that they depend on the magnetic field, gate voltage, and tube length. For the case of the metallic zigzag SWNTs, except rapid conductance oscillation, slow conductance oscillation was also found, which should not exist without the axial magnetic field.

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47

Zhang, Shaoxian, Liu Yin, Yujia Zhao, Ai Zhou y Libo Yuan. "Bending sensor with parallel fiber Michelson interferometers based on Vernier-like effect". Optics & Laser Technology 120 (diciembre de 2019): 105679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105679.

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48

Li, Kaiwei, Nan Zhang, Nancy Meng Ying Zhang, Wenchao Zhou, Ting Zhang, Ming Chen y Lei Wei. "Birefringence induced Vernier effect in optical fiber modal interferometers for enhanced sensing". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 275 (diciembre de 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.027.

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49

Pokhabov, D. A., A. G. Pogosov, A. A. Shevyrin, E. Yu Zhdanov, A. K. Bakarov, A. A. Shklyaev, S. V. Ishutkin, M. V. Stepanenko y E. V. Shesterikov. "The observation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in suspended semiconductor ring interferometers". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 964 (febrero de 2018): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/964/1/012008.

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50

Wahl, Wilhelmsen y Hjelme. "Addressing Challenges in Fabricating Reflection-Based Fiber Optic Interferometers". Sensors 19, n.º 18 (18 de septiembre de 2019): 4030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19184030.

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Fabrication of multimode fiber optic interferometers requires accurate control of certain parameters to obtain reproducible results. This paper evaluates the consequences of practical challenges in fabricating reflection-based, fiber optic interferometers by the use of theory and experiments. A guided-mode propagation approach is used to investigate the effect of the end-face cleave angle and the accuracy of the splice in core-mismatched fiber optic sensors. Cleave angles from high-end fiber cleavers give differences in optical path lengths approaching the wavelength close to the circumference of the fiber, and the core-mismatched splice decides the ensemble of cladding modes excited. This investigation shows that the cleave angle may significantly alter the spectrum, whereas the splice is more robust. It is found that the interferometric visibility can be decreased by up to 70% for cleave angles typically obtained. An offset splice may reduce the visibility, but for offsets experienced experimentally the effect is negligible. An angled splice is found not to affect the visibility but causes a lower overall intensity in the spectrum. The sensitivity to the interferometer length is estimated to 60 nm/mm, which means that a 17 µm difference in length will shift the spectrum 1 nm. Comparisons to experimental results indicate that the spliced region also plays a significant role in the resulting spectrum.

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