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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Interictal spike"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 6 de febrero de 2022

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1

Tang, Lilly, Mary Mantle, Paul Ferrari, et al. "Consistency of interictal and ictal onset localization using magnetoencephalography in patients with partial epilepsy." Journal of Neurosurgery 98, no. 4 (2003): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.4.0837.

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Object. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial accuracy of interictal magnetoencephalography (MEG) in localizing the primary epileptogenic focus in comparison with alternative MEG-derived estimates such as ictal onset recording or sensory mapping of the periphery where seizures manifest. Methods. During this retrospective study of 12 patients with epilepsy who had undergone successful magnetic source (MS) imaging with the aid of a dual 37-channel biomagnetometer as well as simultaneous MEG/electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, ictal events were observed in five patients and quant
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2

Conrad, Erin C., Samuel B. Tomlinson, Jeremy N. Wong, et al. "Spatial distribution of interictal spikes fluctuates over time and localizes seizure onset." Brain 143, no. 2 (2019): 554–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz386.

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Abstract The location of interictal spikes is used to aid surgical planning in patients with medically refractory epilepsy; however, their spatial and temporal dynamics are poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the spatial distribution of interictal spikes over time in 20 adult and paediatric patients (12 females, mean age = 34.5 years, range = 5–58) who underwent intracranial EEG evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Interictal spikes were detected in the 24 h surrounding each seizure and spikes were clustered based on spatial location. The temporal dynamics of spike spatial distribution w
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3

Eisenberg, Howard M., Andrew C. Papanicolaou, Stephen B. Baumann, Robert L. Rogers, and Linda M. Brown. "Magnetoencephalographic localization of interictal spike sources." Journal of Neurosurgery 74, no. 4 (1991): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.74.4.0660.

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✓ The reliability of localization of interictal spike sources using magnetoencephalography (MEG) was examined by repeated measurements in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy. During two preoperative recording sessions, the estimated sources, projected onto magnetic resonance images of the patient's brain, were found to lie less than 1 cm apart within the area subsequently resected. The MEG localization was in close agreement with intraoperative cortical recordings.
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4

Jung, Ki-Young, Jae-Moon Kim, and Dong Wook Kim. "Patterns of Interictal Spike Propagation across the Central Sulcus in Benign Rolandic Epilepsy." Clinical Electroencephalography 34, no. 3 (2003): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940303400309.

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It has been reported that the rolandic area generating spikes is hyperexcitable, and that rolandic spikes propagate across the central area. However, the pattern of rolandic spike propagation and how the dipolar distribution of the spikes is related to the propagation pattern have not yet been studied. Thirty-nine EEGs from 27 patients with benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) were examined. Sequential topographic mapping in 4-ms steps was used to analyze the pattern of spike propagation. The locations of maximum negative foci, the presence and distribution of the dipolar field, and the propagation
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5

Geneslaw, Andrew S., Mingrui Zhao, Hongtao Ma, and Theodore H. Schwartz. "Tissue hypoxia correlates with intensity of interictal spikes." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 31, no. 6 (2011): 1394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.16.

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Interictal spikes (IISs) represent burst firing of a small focal population of hypersynchronous, hyperexcitable cells. Whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) is adequate to meet the metabolic demands of this dramatic increase in membrane excitability is unknown. Positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown increases in CBF and hypometabolism, thus indicating the likelihood of adequate perfusion. We measured tissue oxygenation and CBF in a rat model of IIS using oxygen electrodes and laser-Doppler flowmetry. A
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6

Bhuyan, Rimpy, Wasima Jahan, and Narayan Upadhyaya. "Interictal wave pattern study in EEG of epilepsy patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (2017): 3378. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173526.

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Background: EEG or Electroencephalogram is the most important diagnostic tool to detect Epilepsy. Interictal period is the time interval between two seizure episodes of an Epileptic patient. Certain wave patterns appear in the interictal period in the EEG which might predict the onset of a seizure or may give information about the last seizure attack. The aim of the study was to know how the interictal wave patterns help in diagnosing and classifying Epilepsy casesMethods: The present study was done in the Department of Physiology in association with the Department of Neurology, Assam Medical
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7

Hughes, John R. "The Significance of the Interictal Spike Discharge." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 6, no. 3 (1989): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-198907000-00001.

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8

Rodin, Ernst. "The Interictal Spike: What Does it Mean?" Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 40, no. 4 (2009): IV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940904000403.

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9

Adjouadi, M., D. Sanchez, M. Cabrerizo, et al. "Interictal Spike Detection Using the Walsh Transform." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 51, no. 5 (2004): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.826642.

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10

Stafstrom, Carl E. "Sites of Interictal Spike Generation in Neocortex." Epilepsy Currents 4, no. 3 (2004): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2004.43004.x.

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11

Maharathi, Biswajit, Richard Wlodarski, Shruti Bagla, et al. "Interictal spike connectivity in human epileptic neocortex." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 2 (2019): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.11.025.

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12

Yamazaki, Madoka, Marie Terrill, Ayataka Fujimoto, Takamichi Yamamoto, and Don M. Tucker. "Integrating Dense Array EEG in the Presurgical Evaluation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." ISRN Neurology 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/924081.

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Purpose. To evaluate the clinical utility of dense array electroencephalography (dEEG) for detecting and localizing interictal spikes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods. Simultaneous invasive and noninvasive recordings were performed across two different groups. (1) The first group underwent both noninvasive recording with 128 channels of (scalp) dEEG and invasive sphenoidal electrode recording. (2) The second group underwent both noninvasive recording with 256 channels of (scalp) dEEG and invasive intracranial EEG (icEEG) involving coverage with grids and strips over the lateral and mesial te
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13

Gunadharma, Suryani, Ahmad Rizal, Rovina Ruslami, et al. "Quantitative Measure to Differentiate Wicket Spike from Interictal Epileptiform Discharges." Communication in Biomathematical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2021.4.1.2.

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A number of benign EEG patterns are often misinterpreted as interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) because of their epileptiform appearances, one of them is wicket spike. Differentiating wicket spike from IEDs may help in preventing epilepsy misdiagnosis. The temporal location of IEDs and wicket spike were chosen from 143 EEG recordings. Amplitude, duration and angles were measured from the wave triangles and were used as the variables. In this study, linear discriminant analysis is used to create the formula to differentiate wicket spike from IEDs consisting spike and sharp waves. We obtai
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14

Otsubo, Hiroshi, Atsushi Shirasawa, Shiro Chitoku, James T. Rutka, Scott B. Wilson, and O. Carter Snead. "Computerized brain-surface voltage topographic mapping for localization of intracranial spikes from electrocorticography." Journal of Neurosurgery 94, no. 6 (2001): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.94.6.1005.

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✓ The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of computerized brain-surface voltage topographic mapping to localize and identify epileptic discharges recorded on electrocorticographic (ECoG) studies in which a subdural grid was used during intracranial video electroencephalographic (IVEEG) monitoring. The authors studied 12 children who underwent surgery for intractable extrahippocampal epilepsy. Cortical surfaces and subdural grid electrodes were photographed during the initial surgery to create an electrode map that could be superimposed onto a picture of the brain surface. Spikes were
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15

McLachlan, Richard S., and Neda Lubus. "Cortical Location of Benign Paroxysmal Rhythms in the Electrocorticogram." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 29, no. 2 (2002): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710012092x.

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Abstract:Background:Six/second spike waves, 14 and 6/second positive spikes and small sharp spikes are apiculate paroxysmal rhythms in the electroencephalogram, thought to be of no diagnostic importance. The cortical origin of these discharges is documented in this report.Methods:These waveforms were assessed in recordings from the surface of the cerebral cortex using implanted subdural electrodes in 61 patients monitored for possible epilepsy surgery.Results:Eight patients had 6/second spike wave, four had 14 and 6/second positive spikes and 3 had small sharp spikes. The 6/second spike waves
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16

Casson, Alexander J., and Esther Rodriguez-Villegas. "Utilising noise to improve an interictal spike detector." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 201, no. 1 (2011): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.07.007.

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17

Reiher, J., and L. Carmant. "Clinical Correlates and Electroencephalographic Characteristics of Two Additional Patterns Related to 14 and 6 per Second Positive Spikes." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 18, no. 4 (1991): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100032200.

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ABSTRACT:Two additional patterns, minuscule 28 per second positive spikes and huge N-shape potentials, have been identified exclusively in the EEGs of patients with 14 and 6 per second positive spikes. They occur predominantly during drowsiness and light sleep, usually in children, seldom in young adults. Their presence adds little to the clinical relevance of positive spikes. Familiarization with the N-shape potentials — the commoner of the two patterns — is important, lest they are mistaken for interictal abnormalities of significance such as atypical spike-wave complexes.
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18

Leal, Alberto J. R., Vitorina Passão, Eulália Calado, José P. Vieira, and João P. Silva Cunha. "Interictal spike EEG source analysis in hypothalamic hamartoma epilepsy." Clinical Neurophysiology 113, no. 12 (2002): 1961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00253-5.

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19

Sundaram, M., T. Hogan, M. Hiscock, and N. Pillay. "Factors affecting interictal spike discharges in adults with epilepsy." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (1990): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(90)90114-y.

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20

Gabor, Andrew J., and Masud Seyal. "Automated interictal EEG spike detection using artificial neural networks." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 83, no. 5 (1992): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(92)90086-w.

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21

Li, Rui, Chris Plummer, Simon J. Vogrin, et al. "Interictal spike localization for epilepsy surgery using magnetoencephalography beamforming." Clinical Neurophysiology 132, no. 4 (2021): 928–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.12.019.

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22

Cai, Zhengxiang, Abbas Sohrabpour, Haiteng Jiang, et al. "Noninvasive high-frequency oscillations riding spikes delineates epileptogenic sources." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 17 (2021): e2011130118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011130118.

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High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker for localizing epileptogenic brain and guiding successful neurosurgery. However, the utility and translation of noninvasive HFOs, although highly desirable, is impeded by the difficulty in differentiating pathological HFOs from nonepileptiform high-frequency activities and localizing the epileptic tissue using noninvasive scalp recordings, which are typically contaminated with high noise levels. Here, we show that the consistent concurrence of HFOs with epileptiform spikes (pHFOs) provides a tractable means to identify pathological H
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23

Avoli, Massimo, Gabriella Panuccio, Rochelle Herrington, Margherita D'Antuono, Philip de Guzman, and Maxime Lévesque. "Two different interictal spike patterns anticipate ictal activity in vitro." Neurobiology of Disease 52 (April 2013): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.004.

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24

Matsumoto, Joseph Y., Matt Stead, Michal T. Kucewicz, et al. "Network oscillations modulate interictal epileptiform spike rate during human memory." Brain 136, no. 8 (2013): 2444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt159.

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25

Ossadtchi, A., J. C. Mosher, W. W. Sutherling, R. E. Greenblatt, and R. M. Leahy. "Hidden Markov modelling of spike propagation from interictal MEG data." Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, no. 14 (2005): 3447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/14/017.

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26

Asadollahi, Marjan, Mahyar Noorbakhsh, Vahid Salehifar, and Leila Simani. "The Significance of Interictal Spike Frequency in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 3 (2019): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059419895138.

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Purpose. In this study, the frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was measured to determine its correlation with epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and recent occurrence of focal to bilateral tonic clonic seizures (FBTCS). Methods. Our study was performed on TLE patients, who admitted to epilepsy monitoring unit of Loghman-Hakim hospital, Tehran, from 2016 to 2018. The patients’ IEDs frequency were measured from their scalp EEG recording during no–rapid eye movement
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27

Sabolek, H. R., W. B. Swiercz, K. P. Lillis, et al. "A Candidate Mechanism Underlying the Variance of Interictal Spike Propagation." Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 9 (2012): 3009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5853-11.2012.

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28

Tomlinson, Samuel B., Jeremy N. Wong, Erin C. Conrad, Benjamin C. Kennedy, and Eric D. Marsh. "Reproducibility of interictal spike propagation in children with refractory epilepsy." Epilepsia 60, no. 5 (2019): 898–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.14720.

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29

Privitera, Michael D., John G. Quinlan, and Hwa-shain Yeh. "Interictal spike detection comparing subdural and depth electrodes during electrocorticography." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 76, no. 5 (1990): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(90)90092-x.

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30

Thanaraj, Palani, and B. Parvathavarthini. "Multichannel interictal spike activity detection using time–frequency entropy measure." Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 40, no. 2 (2017): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13246-017-0550-6.

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31

Holowka, Stephanie A., Hiroshi Otsubo, Koji Iida, et al. "Three-dimensionally Reconstructed Magnetic Source Imaging and Neuronavigation in Pediatric Epilepsy: Technical Note." Neurosurgery 55, no. 5 (2004): E1244—E1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000140992.67186.08.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of reconstructing three-dimensional magnetic source imaging (MSI) data on cortical resections for children undergoing epilepsy surgery using neuronavigation. METHODS: Magnetoencephalographic recordings were analyzed in 16 children under 18 years of age with intractable epilepsy. The data were transferred to the neuronavigation workstation for intraoperative localization of MSI spike sources in selected patients. With the aid of neuronavigation, the MSI spike sources were resected. Intraoperative electrocorticography was then used to survey the surround
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32

Silva, Délrio F., Márcia Marques Lima, Renato Anghinah, Edma R. Zanoteli, and José Geraldo C. Lima. "Dipole reversal: an ictal feature in a patient with benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spike." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 53, no. 2 (1995): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1995000200015.

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We describe the case of a 15-year-old boy who had the diagnosis of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spike. During the EEG a subclinical electrographic seizure was recorded. The discharges were clearly electropositive in T4 with positive phase reversal between derivations F8-T4 and T4-T6. The whole episode lasted less than one minute (45 sec). The interictal right medio-temporal spikes reemerged after 60 sec and were electronegative in the same location after the end of the electrographic seizures. The mechanisms underlying this uncommon pattern on EEG is not well stabli
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33

Camfield, Peter, Kevin Gordon, Carol Camfield, John Tibbies, Joseph Dooley, and Bruce Smith. "EEG Results are Rarely the Same if Repeated within Six Months in Childhood Epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 22, no. 4 (1995): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100039512.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability of interictal spike discharge in routine electroencephalography (EEG) testing in children.MethodEEG results of all children diagnosed in Nova Scotia with epilepsy onset between 1977–85 (excluding myoclonic, akinetic-atonic and absence) were reviewed. The results of the EEG at time of diagnosis (EEG1) were compared with those of a second EEG (EEG2) within 6 months.ResultsOf 504 children with epilepsy, 159 had both EEG1 and EEG2. EEG2 was more likely ordered if EEG1 was normal or showed focal slowing but less likely if EEG1 contained sleep (p < 0.05)
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34

Ishibashi, Hideaki, Panagiotis G. Simos, Eduardo M. Castillo, et al. "Detection and significance of focal, interictal, slow-wave activity visualized by magnetoencephalography for localization of a primary epileptogenic region." Journal of Neurosurgery 96, no. 4 (2002): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.4.0724.

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Object. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a novel noninvasive diagnostic tool used to determine preoperatively the location of the epileptogenic zone in patients with epilepsy. The presence of focal slowing of activity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) is an additional indicator of an underlying pathological condition in cases of intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). In the present study the authors examined the significance of focal, slow-wave and interictal spike activity detected using MEG in 29 patients who suffered from MTLE that was not associated with structural brain l
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35

Schönberger, Jan, Anja Knopf, Kerstin Alexandra Klotz, Matthias Dümpelmann, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, and Julia Jacobs. "Distinction of Physiologic and Epileptic Ripples: An Electrical Stimulation Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050538.

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Ripple oscillations (80–250 Hz) are a promising biomarker of epileptic activity, but are also involved in memory consolidation, which impairs their value as a diagnostic tool. Distinguishing physiologic from epileptic ripples has been particularly challenging because usually, invasive recordings are only performed in patients with refractory epilepsy. Here, we identified ‘healthy’ brain areas based on electrical stimulation and hypothesized that these regions specifically generate ‘pure’ ripples not coupled to spikes. Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recorded with subdural grid electr
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36

Ziburkus, Jokubas, John R. Cressman, Ernest Barreto, and Steven J. Schiff. "Interneuron and Pyramidal Cell Interplay During In Vitro Seizure-Like Events." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (2006): 3948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01378.2005.

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Excitatory and inhibitory (EI) interactions shape network activity. However, little is known about the EI interactions in pathological conditions such as epilepsy. To investigate EI interactions during seizure-like events (SLEs), we performed simultaneous dual and triple whole cell and extracellular recordings in pyramidal cells and oriens interneurons in rat hippocampal CA1. We describe a novel pattern of interleaving EI activity during spontaneous in vitro SLEs generated by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine in the presence of decreased magnesium. Interneuron activity was increase
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37

Guo, Lilin, Zhenzhong Wang, Mercedes Cabrerizo, and Malek Adjouadi. "A Cross-Correlated Delay Shift Supervised Learning Method for Spiking Neurons with Application to Interictal Spike Detection in Epilepsy." International Journal of Neural Systems 27, no. 03 (2017): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065717500022.

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This study introduces a novel learning algorithm for spiking neurons, called CCDS, which is able to learn and reproduce arbitrary spike patterns in a supervised fashion allowing the processing of spatiotemporal information encoded in the precise timing of spikes. Unlike the Remote Supervised Method (ReSuMe), synapse delays and axonal delays in CCDS are variants which are modulated together with weights during learning. The CCDS rule is both biologically plausible and computationally efficient. The properties of this learning rule are investigated extensively through experimental evaluations in
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38

Hara, K., F. H. Lin, S. Camposano, et al. "Magnetoencephalographic Mapping of Interictal Spike Propagation: A Technical and Clinical Report." American Journal of Neuroradiology 28, no. 8 (2007): 1486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a0596.

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39

Libenson, Mark H., Amit Haldar, and Anna L. Pinto. "The stability of spike counts in children with interictal epileptiform activity." Seizure 23, no. 6 (2014): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2014.03.005.

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40

Casson, Alexander J., Elena Luna, and Esther Rodriguez-Villegas. "Performance metrics for the accurate characterisation of interictal spike detection algorithms." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 177, no. 2 (2009): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.010.

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41

Lin, F.-H., K. Hara, V. Solo, et al. "Dynamic Granger-Geweke causality modeling with application to interictal spike propagation." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71812-9.

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42

Curtis, Marco, Laura Tassi, Giorgio Russo, Roberto Mai, Massimo Cossu, and Stefano Francione. "Increased discharge threshold after an interictal spike in human focal epilepsy." European Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 11 (2005): 2971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04458.x.

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43

Heit, Gary, I. Ulbert, E. Halgren, G. Karmos, and L. Shuer. "Current Source Density Analysis of Synaptic Generators of Human Interictal Spike." Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 73, no. 1-4 (1999): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000029767.

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44

Lin, Fa-Hsuan, Keiko Hara, Victor Solo, et al. "Dynamic Granger-Geweke causality modeling with application to interictal spike propagation." Human Brain Mapping 30, no. 6 (2009): 1877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20772.

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45

Fabo, D., Z. Magloczky, L. Wittner, et al. "Properties of in vivo interictal spike generation in the human subiculum." Brain 131, no. 2 (2008): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm297.

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46

Ramantani, Georgia, Rainer Boor, Ritva Paetau, et al. "MEG Versus EEG: Influence of Background Activity on Interictal Spike Detection." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 23, no. 6 (2006): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wnp.0000240873.69759.cc.

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47

Serles, Wolfgang, Li Min Li, Zografos Caramanos, Douglas L. Arnold, and Jean Gotman. "Relation of Interictal Spike Frequency to 1H-MRSI-Measured NAA/Cr." Epilepsia 40, no. 12 (1999): 1821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01605.x.

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48

Hardiman, O., A. Coughlan, B. O'Moore, J. Phillips, and H. Staunton. "Interictal Spike Localisation with Methohexitone: Preoperative Activation and Surgical Follow-Up." Epilepsia 28, no. 4 (1987): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03653.x.

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49

Burr, W., C. E. Elger, and A. Hufnagel. "Computer analysis of interictal spiking. I. Spike recognition and laterality parameterization." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 75 (January 1990): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(90)91777-m.

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50

Otsubo, Hiroshi, Koji Iida, Makoto Oishi, et al. "Neurophysiologic Findings of Neuronal Migration Disorders: Intrinsic Epileptogenicity of Focal Cortical Dysplasia on Electroencephalography, Electrocorticography, and Magnetoencephalography." Journal of Child Neurology 19, no. 3 (2004): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738040190031501.

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Resumen
We define specific neurophysiologic characteristics for focal cortical dysplasia, a neuronal migration disorder. We reviewed data from published reports and our patients with focal cortical dysplasia. Our patients underwent preoperative scalp video-electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetoencephalography, and intraoperative or extraoperative electrocorticography monitoring. Scalp EEG showed trains of rhythmic epileptiform spike or sharp waves. Positive spikes correlated with early seizure onset, MRI lesion around the rolandic fissure, hemiparesis, and a less favor
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