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1

Simoni, P., C. Maréchal, L. Scarciolla, D. Salerno y B. Beomonte Zobel. "Unusual cause of internal knee derangement." Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology 95, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2012): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jbr-btr.618.

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2

Prasad, Rohan M., Jason Z. Liu, Christopher Garces, Ayushma Duwadi, James Choi, Farah Anwar y Adesuwa Olomu. "Uncommon Cause of Internal Mammary Artery Pseudoaneurysm". Ochsner Journal 22, n.º 3 (2022): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31486/toj.21.0090.

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3

Thoms, Oskar N. T. y James Ron. "Do Human Rights Violations Cause Internal Conflict?" Human Rights Quarterly 29, n.º 3 (2007): 674–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2007.0034.

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4

Kawai, Honami y Toshiaki Shiojiri. "Internal jugular vein thrombosis associated with Granulicatella adiacens". BMJ Case Reports 14, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): e238404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238404.

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Granulicatella adiacens, which occurs as part of the oral microflora, is an uncommon cause of infection. However, it can cause serious bloodstream infections including infective endocarditis. Although oral bacteria, most commonly the Fusobacterium spp, can cause internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombophlebitis, there are no reported cases of IJV thrombosis caused by G. adiacens. Here we report a patient with septic IJV thrombosis with G. adiacens bacteraemia. A middle-aged man presented to our hospital with fever and altered mental status. Blood cultures were positive for G. adiacens, and pan-scan CT with contrast showed left IJV thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and abscesses in the gluteal muscles. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. When confronted with G. adiacens bacteraemia in patients with poor oral hygiene, it is necessary to be cautious of the fact that this organism can cause IJV thrombophlebitis.
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5

Nguyen, Vy T., Ross D. Zafonte, Kale Z. Kponee-Shovein, Sabrina Paganoni y Marc G. Weisskopf. "All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Major League Baseball Players". JAMA Internal Medicine 179, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2019): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1218.

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6

Hanzlick, R. "Protocol for writing cause-of-death statements for deaths due to natural causes". Archives of Internal Medicine 156, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 1996): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.156.1.25.

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7

Parish, Colin. "Internal rotation patterns cause nurses to move on". Nursing Standard 18, n.º 22 (11 de febrero de 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.18.22.5.s7.

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8

Meknas, Khaled, Anders Christensen y Oddmund Johansen. "The internal obturator muscle may cause sciatic pain". Pain 104, n.º 1 (julio de 2003): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00045-9.

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9

Lakhani, Dhairya A., Aneri B. Balar y Abdul R. Tarabishy. "Atypical cause of dysphagia". European Journal of Internal Medicine 88 (junio de 2021): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.011.

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10

Ghiculescu, R. A. y P. Pillans. "Rare cause of dyspnoea". Internal Medicine Journal 39, n.º 3 (marzo de 2009): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01890.x.

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11

Gräfe, Wolfgang. "Relation between Internal Friction and Fatigue". Advanced Engineering Forum 31 (febrero de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.31.1.

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Solids show the feature of internal friction and the feature of fatigue. As a cause for the both features we assume the migration of atomic items. The driving forces for the migration of the atomic items can be mechanical stress gradients and temperature gradients. In an earlier publication formulas have been derived for the internal friction and for the fatigue. From these formulas follows a relation between internal friction and fatigue. The mechanical stress gradients are the cause of the background of internal friction which shows a monotonous rise with temperature. Temperature gradients in the solid can be produced by total internal friction. In contrast to the background of internal friction the temperature dependence of the total internal friction shows maxima and minima. Because of the relations between internal friction and fatigue the temperature dependence of fatigue shows that the fatigue is caused by temperature gradients. The relation between internal friction and fatigue also shows the influence of the internal friction on the fatigue curve.
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12

Yılmazer, Rasim. "A rare cause of oropharyngeal mass: bilateral aberrant internal carotid artery". Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 23, n.º 6 (27 de noviembre de 2013): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/kbbihtisas.2013.21548.

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13

Outaghyame, S., M. Boussif, Y. Bouktib, A. El Hajjami, B. Boutakioute, M. Ouali Idrissi y N. Cherif Idrissi. "Transmesenteric Internal Hernia Bowel Obstruction: Case Report". Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 12, n.º 03 (29 de marzo de 2024): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2024.v12i03.032.

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Internal hernia through a mesenteric defect or transmesenteric hernia is a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction. It is most often diagnosed intraoperatively. Knowledge of the clinical features of this type of obstruction is useful in making a preoperative diagnosis. We present a case of acute intestinal obstruction caused by a transmesenteric hernia. We discuss the clinico-radiological features of this rare form of internal hernia.
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14

Shetty, Shravya S., Neha N. Masrani, Ameya S. Muzumdar, Kshitij A. Mane, Suraj R. Gandhi, Neha S. Shenoy y Hemanshi S. Shah. "Mesodiverticular hernia: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction". International Surgery Journal 11, n.º 8 (29 de julio de 2024): 1377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20242138.

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A mesodiverticular band is a rare embryological remnant of arterial supply to the Meckel's diverticulum in utero. A persistent mesodiverticular band can cause bowel compression leading to obstruction. Internal herniation through a mesodiverticular band is very rare. We report a case of an 8yr old boy who presented with intestinal obstruction secondary to a mesodiverticular band and internal herniation. Internal herniation with a mesodiverticular band is a rare complication of Meckel’s diverticulum.
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15

Knox, Charlotte, James Bertouch y John Almeida. "Turmeric hepatotoxicity, cause or coincidence?" Internal Medicine Journal 51, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.15029.

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16

Riemer, Thomas G., Linda E. Villagomez Fuentes, Engi A. E. Algharably, Marie S. Schäfer, Eva Mangelsen, Marc-Alexander Fürtig, Nadine Bittner et al. "Do β-Blockers Cause Depression?" Hypertension 77, n.º 5 (mayo de 2021): 1539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16590.

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β-Blockers are important drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They are suspected of inducing various psychiatric adverse events (PAEs), particularly depression, affecting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic search for double-blind, randomized controlled trials investigating β-blockers to analyze the risk of PAEs or withdrawal of therapy due to PAEs. We extracted the frequencies of PAEs and rates of withdrawals and reviewed them to the number of exposed patients. For β-blockers versus placebo or other active treatment, we calculated odds ratios for individual PAEs and withdrawal rates. We retrieved overall 285 eligible studies encompassing 53 533 patients. The risk of bias was judged to be high in 79% of the studies. Despite being the most frequently reported PAE with a total of 1600 cases, depression did not occur more commonly during β-blockers than during placebo (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.83–1.25]). β-Blocker use was also not associated with withdrawal for depression (odds ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.51–1.84]). Similar results were obtained for comparisons against active agents. Among other PAEs, only unusual dreams, insomnia, and sleep disorder were possibly related to β-blocker therapy. In conclusion, this analysis of large-scale data from double-blind, randomized controlled trials does not support an association between β-blocker therapy and depression. Similarly, no effect for β-blockers was found for other PAEs, with the possible exceptions of sleep-related disorders. Consequently, concerns about β-blockers’ impact on psychological health should not affect their use in clinical practice.
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17

Tsushima, Takahiro, Toral R. Patel y Jayakumar Sahadevan. "Unusual Cause of Cardiac Arrest". JAMA Internal Medicine 181, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8370.

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18

Kajihara, Yusaku. "An unusual cause of colitis". European Journal of Internal Medicine 96 (febrero de 2022): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2022.01.009.

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19

GUSSENHOVEN, G. A. "Sulphasuccidine a Cause of Polyneuritis". Acta Medica Scandinavica 131, n.º 2 (24 de abril de 2009): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1948.tb03418.x.

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20

REDDY, M. "E054 Does hypertension cause proteinuria?" American Journal of Hypertension 11, n.º 4 (abril de 1998): 109A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(97)91116-x.

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21

Kaeuffer, Charlotte, Marie-Pierre Ledoux y Raoul Herbrecht. "An atypical cause of dyspnea". European Journal of Internal Medicine 68 (octubre de 2019): e5-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.05.004.

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22

Bronswijk, Michiel y Jan Tack. "A rare cause of dysphagia". European Journal of Internal Medicine 70 (diciembre de 2019): e3-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.10.005.

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23

VEITCH, P. C., R. J. RUSSELL y S. K. SANKARAN. "An unusual cause of ‘collapse’". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 26, n.º 5 (octubre de 1996): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1996.tb02953.x.

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24

Singh, Preet Paul, David P. Newton y Carlos A. Estrada. "An Uncommon Cause of Headache". Journal of General Internal Medicine 25, n.º 9 (14 de mayo de 2010): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-010-1366-1.

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25

Yeo, Lin H., Rachel Pyburn y Thirumalesha Desa Venkatanarayana. "An unusual cause of syncope". European Journal of Internal Medicine 17, n.º 5 (agosto de 2006): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2006.01.004.

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26

Jimeno Sáinz, Araceli, Luis Guerrero y Eduardo Polo. "Cutaneous metastasis of unusual cause". European Journal of Internal Medicine 17, n.º 6 (octubre de 2006): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2006.02.009.

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27

Anoop, Thattungal M., Ramachandran Manjula, Joseph M. Pappachan, Mekkattuparamban V. Biju, Abraham Sebastian y Paramu Sujathan. "Heart failure: An unusual cause". European Journal of Internal Medicine 18, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2007): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2007.02.031.

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28

Alberts, W. M. "Hepatic hydrothorax. Cause and management". Archives of Internal Medicine 151, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1991): 2383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.151.12.2383.

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29

Jelinek, M. V. y M. Z. Ansari. "Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) as a cause of fatal stroke and all cause death". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 28, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1998): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1998.tb01557.x.

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30

Xianqing, Song, Song Jian y Sun Wei. "Congenital mesocolon bands:A rare cause of incarcerated internal hernia". Asian Journal of Surgery 45, n.º 3 (marzo de 2022): 959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.12.043.

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31

Akçay, Nihal, Ülkem Koçoğlu Barlas, Mey Talip Petmezci y Esra Şevketoğlu. "A Rare Cause of Stroke, İnternal Carotid Artery Dissection". Turkish Journal of Intensive Care 18, n.º 3 (11 de septiembre de 2020): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2019.40427.

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32

Min, Seung Kee, Yeon Ho Park, Yong Kyun Cho, Jeong Woong Park, Young Hwan Koh y Tae-Seok Seo. "Lemierre’s Syndrome: Unusual Cause of Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis". Angiology 56, n.º 4 (julio de 2005): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000331970505600417.

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33

Indudharan, R., B. S. Quah y I. L. Shuaib. "Internal jugular phlebectasia—an unusual cause of neck swelling". Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 19, n.º 1 (marzo de 1999): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724939992725.

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34

Kondo, Kenji, Tatsuya Yamasoba y Ichiro Suzuki. "Internal auditory canal inflammation: A cause of sudden vertigo". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 119, n.º 1 (julio de 1998): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70186-x.

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35

Majeed, Tanveer Abdul, Ramakant K. Deshpande, Sanjay Upadhaya y Shilpa A. Deshmukh. "Agenesis of Internal Jugular Vein a Cause for Concern". Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology 1, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2010): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13193-010-0040-8.

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36

Tekin, Ahmet, Tevfik Küçükkartallar, Faruk Aksoy, Celalettin Vatansev, Metin Belviranlı, Sakir Tekin, Serdar Yol, Mustafa Sahin, Sakir Tavlı y Adil Kartal. "Internal Herniation as a Major Cause of Intestinal Obstruction". Medical Principles and Practice 17, n.º 5 (2008): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000141505.

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37

Asouhidou, I., K. Natsis, Th Asteri, P. Sountoulides y P. Tsikaras. "Cause of failure of cannulation the internal jugular vein". European Journal of Anaesthesiology 24, Supplement 39 (junio de 2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200706001-00017.

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38

Gupta, Rahul, Pradip Pokharia y Rahul Varshney. "Transmesocolic Internal Hernia: a Rare Cause of Bowel Obstruction". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 24, n.º 7 (5 de febrero de 2020): 1707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11605-020-04535-4.

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39

Pasquet, F., L. Karkowski, D. Felten, P. Farthouat, C. Crozes, T. Vitry, P. Debourdeau y M. Pavic. "Une cause rare d’amaigrissement". La Revue de Médecine Interne 31, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2010): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2009.11.013.

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40

Lamboley, J. L., F. Pasquet, F. Le Moigne, C. De Charry, J. Le Berre y P. Salamand. "Une cause rare d’exophtalmie". La Revue de Médecine Interne 32, n.º 10 (octubre de 2011): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2010.11.003.

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41

Lamboley, J. L., F. Le Moigne, C. de Charry, A. Stoltz, F. Milou, J. Le Berre y P. Salamand. "Une cause inhabituelle d’occlusion". La Revue de Médecine Interne 32, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2011): 768–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2010.12.013.

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42

Marie, J., A. Saint-Lézer y J. P. Méraud. "Une cause rare d’éruption". La Revue de Médecine Interne 34, n.º 4 (abril de 2013): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2013.01.001.

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43

Daldoul, S. "Cause rare d’occlusion digestive". Côlon & Rectum 8, n.º 1 (17 de septiembre de 2013): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11725-013-0475-5.

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44

Sirmon, Maryella Desak. "Cause of Death". Annals of Internal Medicine 177, n.º 3 (marzo de 2024): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m23-1833.

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45

Zenger, Todd R. "Valve Corporation: Composing Internal Markets". Journal of Organization Design 4, n.º 2 (6 de julio de 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/jod.20155.

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Discussions of the Valve Corporation are always enlightening. The skeptic wonders how much is rhetoric and recruiting ploy and how much is real. Is there clear evidence that this organizational design actually works – that it is efficient in this setting? While revenues per employee are quite remarkable, cause and effect are unclear. Is “boss-less-ness” the cause of high sales per employee or simply the result of high sales per employee, fueled from earlier success? The same question could be asked of Google’s unusual organizational approach. Is Google’s success the result of its extensive autonomy granted to employees, or is its past success the enabling cause of such autonomy? Such questions, of course, are empirically unanswerable here. I therefore set them aside and assume this organizational specimen is efficient – well-suited to its environment – and proceed with further commentary.
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46

Fung, Teresa T. "Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality". Annals of Internal Medicine 153, n.º 5 (7 de septiembre de 2010): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-5-201009070-00003.

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47

Ardha, Novan Bastian Dwi, Nur Indah Riwajanti y Zainal Abdul Haris. "Fishbone diagram: Application of root cause analysis in internal audit planning". International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management 5, n.º 3 (5 de diciembre de 2023): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v5i3.1498.

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Purpose: This study applies a fishbone diagram to analyze the root cause of problems in the internal audit planning of J Corp, an Indonesian state-owned enterprise. Research methodology: A qualitative approach was employed to conduct a case study at the internal audit unit of an Indonesian state-owned enterprise. Research data were gathered from the results of focus group discussions with internal auditors, the analysis of the company’s standard operating procedure for internal auditing, and the observation of the workflow of internal audit planning. These data were then analyzed to identify the root causes of these problems. Results: Six key factors were identified that cause poor internal audit planning at J Corp. These are policies, processes, people, plants, programs, and products. To overcome these problems, this study provides several suggestions that can be implemented in the internal audit unit of J Corp. Limitations: This study is limited by the nature of the business and environment of J Corp, which affected the problems arising in the process of its internal audit planning; hence, the need to understand the entity to replicate this method for future research. Contribution: This study could be directly beneficial for internal auditors at J Corp to immediately improve the business process of internal audit planning. Furthermore, this study could contribute to future studies in which researchers or practitioners could replicate this method in another context. Novelty: The fishbone diagram was used to analyze the root causes of problems in the process of internal audit planning. Studies on the improvement of internal audit planning have been limited.
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48

Ridho, Ali. "Does Multidimensionality Cause DIF?" ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 33, n.º 2 (25 de enero de 2018): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v33i2.1583.

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The differential item functioning (DIF) of an item that initially assumed unidimensional is frequently attributed to the assumption of multidimensionality. Therefore, it is important to test the assumption that multidimensionality causes an item to be functionally different between the disadvantaged group (i.e. focal group) and the benefited group (i.e. reference group) on the Aptitude Potential Test for New Student Selection in State Islamic University (AP SPMB-PTAIN). This study aims to: (a) explore and confirm the internal structure of AP SPMB-PTAIN; (b) identify items containing DIF based on the types of school the candidates attended (Madrasah Aliyah/MA, that is, secondary education managed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs, or regular high school/SMA); and (c) evaluate the multidimensionality effects on DIF. The data analyses (n = 10,000) showed that: (1) the internal structure of AP SPMB-PTAIN is semi-complex multidimensional; (2) 15 items contain DIF UIRT (12 items benefited high school graduates while three items benefited MA graduates); five items contain DIF MRT that benefited high school graduates; and (3) the multidimensionality difference between the focal and reference group did not appear to correspond to DIF.
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49

Kitaev, V. M., E. G. Koshelev, O. V. Sokolova, G. Yu Belyaev, A. A. Egorov y O. O. Kurzantseva. "Internal hernia as one of the causes of abdominal pain". Journal of Clinical Practice 10, n.º 2 (17 de agosto de 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract10227-35.

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Abdominal pain is often observed in clinical practice, causing diagnostic difficulties for doctors of different specialties. Internal hernias are a surgical pathology and may be the cause for the development of acute small bowel obstruction and the occurrence of pain. A modern classification of internal hernias is presented and their topographic-anatomical description is given. The analysis of the results of computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdominal cavity in 20 patients with an unidentified cause of abdominal pain was performed. According to the CT data, three patients had internal hernias that caused the development of pain syndrome. A pathological displacement of intestinal loops with partial disruption of intestinal permeability and curvature of the mesentery without critical disturbance of blood supply was demonstrated in 4 patients with abdominal pain. The findings suggest that CT may be the method of choice when examining patients with an unknown cause of abdominal pain syndrome.
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50

David, Steven R. "Internal War: Causes and Cures". World Politics 49, n.º 4 (julio de 1997): 552–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100008054.

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Since the end of the cold war internal conflicts have received unprecedented attention. Of special interest has been the effort of neorealists to employ an approach traditionally used to explain interstate conflict to make internal war understandable. While neorealism has been useful in explaining the behavior of groups in anarchic conditions, it is inadequate in explaining internal wars occurring in states that retain a strong government and that stem from motives other than power and security. Neorealism also does little to explain how anarchy is created in the first place and what can be done to restore central control. Another approach offers “bad leaders” as a proximate cause of internal war. There is much to this explanation, but more work needs to be done in understanding just what makes leaders “bad” and whether leaders have the latitude to be “good.” Finally, the diverse nature of internal wars has frustrated efforts to develop an overall means of settling them. At a point in which armed conflict has become almost exclusively an internal affair, useful generalizations for causes and cures remain elusive.
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