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1
Montagna, Catia. "Competitive selection and international trade under monopolistic competition". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1995. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/898c5316-3166-4e96-83cd-126d118fdc88.
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The industrial economics and trade theory literatures of Chamberlinian monopolistic competition generally assume homogeneity of technologies between firms and countries. This assumption clashes with the evidence emerging from even a casual observation of the real world where industries including those exposed to international competition are characterized by persistent efficiency gaps both within and across countries.This thesis constructs a monopolistically competitive framework of non-localized competition where inter-firm and inter-country technical heterogeneity is explicitly allowed for and modelled as randomly determined and persistent efficiency gaps.The effects of inter-firm efficiency gaps on the long-run equilibrium of the monopolistic competition model are analyzed. In the presence of cost asymmetries free entry leads to the endogenization of the level of industry efficiency through a competitive selection process whereby more efficient entrants displace less efficient incumbents in the industry. Contrary to the standard model, entry will not drive profits to zero for intramarginal firms and the long-run equilibrium will be characterized by a dispersion of efficiencies, market shares and profits.The implications of technical heterogeneity for international trade have been analyzed by constructing a two country model where an efficiency gap between the two competitors takes the form of a difference in the mean of their efficiency distributions. The results stemming from the analysis differ significantly from the predictions of the standard homogeneous technology model and cast doubt on the widely acknowledged role of trade as a source of industry rationalization. Trade is shown to affect efficiency on two levels and with respect to both the two countries experience asymmetric effects. By unifying the competitive conditions in which firms operate, at the industry level trade modifies the efficiency structure of the population of firms which survive in steady-state.At the firm level, it affects the expected scale of production of firms. These asymmetric efficiency effects generate a pattern of international specialization characterized by asymmetric market shares. The welfare effects of trade are also asymmetrically distributed between the two countries and circumstances are identified in which at least one country experiences a net welfare loss from trade.
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Hrle, Jelena. "International arbitration and competition law". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64281.pdf.
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Hrle, Jelena. "International arbitration and competition law". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30305.
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Arbitrating of competition law claims has generated a substantial tension between the policies served by promoting international arbitration and those protected by the national competition law. Despite the legal tension and unpredictability associated with arbitrating competition law issues, the arbitrator should, in principle, resolve such issues. This study analyses the main concerns when arbitrating competition law issues, such as jurisdiction, choice of law and, in particular, the position of national jurisdiction regarding the enforcement of the award conflicting national competition law.This study proposes the functional approach to choice of law problems according to which the arbitrator will decide on the applicable competition law bearing in mind the content of mandatory norm, its connection with a dispute and the consequences of its application and non-application. In that regard, this thesis will examine how an arbitrator should address the extraterritorial effect of the competition law. The study will suggest that if the competition law policies of states connected with a dispute serve opposing and conflicting goals, the arbitrator should, in order to preserve his/her neutral function refuse to decide whose competition policy is "better" and should consequently decline jurisdiction.
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Köthenbürger, Marko. "International tax competition a federal approach /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961542047.
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Song, In-chang. "International tax competition : theory and evidence". Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10868/.
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Gatsios, K. "Essays on international trade under imperfect competition". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237801.
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Ketels, Christian H. M. "International competition and the efficiency of firms". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1571/.
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Papaconstantinou, George. "Research spillovers, international competition and economic performance". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1122/.
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This dissertation develops a theoretical framework for the analysis of oligopolistic rivalry through cost-reducing research and development (R&D) expenditures in an environment where firms cannot fully appropriate the results of their R&D investment. This framework is developed in order to examine the incentives of firms to invest in R&D in oligopolistic markets, the implications for the structure and performance of industries subject to such spillovers and the nature of public policy in this context. Two lines of research are followed: one focuses on technological factors affecting incentives and performance, the other on the influence of strategic behaviour. With respect to technological factors, it is argued that the impact of research spillovers on market incentives and performance, and on the desirability of a public policy of R&D subsidies, depends crucially on the specific assumptions made about how a firm's production process is affected by its own R&D and that of its rivals. These assumptions are embodied in the knowledge production function and the associated cost function facing each firm. Issues of substitutability and complementarity between a firm's research and that of its rivals and between various components of a firm's own research are central in determining the impact of spillovers. The level and composition of R&D investment, production and profitability, concentration and monopoly power are all influenced by the impact of rivals' research on the marginal productivity of a firm's own research. Optimal subsidies are similarly influenced. This suggests that the effectiveness of such policies towards R&D investment depends on the nature of technology and on specific appropri-ability characteristics of industries. With respect to strategic behaviour, the dissertation extends previous research in the context of a multi-stage model of international competition in R&D to the case where R&D is subject to spillovers. This allows an examination of the importance of different behavioural assumptions (one-stage vs. multi-stage decision-making) on the impact of spillovers. The analysis also questions the results of strategic models obtained with full appropriability of R&D, whereby strategic behaviour results in higher equilibrium levels of R&D and production and lower profits. Strategic behaviour can result in lower R&D and higher profitability if research is difficult to appropriate. The conditions under which this occurs are explored fully. The characteristics of industrial policy in the context of strategic international competition are then explored. Models that assume fully appropriable R&D suggest the optimality of a policy of positive subsidies to the R&D expenditures of domestic firms. The existence of spillovers may reverse this result. The analysis thus casts doubt on the efficacy of a government policy of R&D subsidies in a strategy of "precommitment". This goes beyond the usual retaliatory arguments against such behaviour and points to the limits of such an interventionist approach in an international environment where R&D has some characteristics typical of public goods.
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Khodavaisi, Hassan. "Essays on international taxation under imperfect competition". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407288.
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Do, Kim Them. "Globale Netzwerke als Gestaltungschance für internationale Politik eine Analyse des International Competition Network". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992408466/04.
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Shih, Mei-Chiang. "U.S. economic competitiveness : an empirical analysis /". Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1991.
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Tsagkidis, Panagiotis y Gabriele Blomkvist. "Stay ahead of the competition : How the perception of Competitive Intelligence influences the way Swedish startups are dealing with international competition". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414564.
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This thesis is within the field of Competitive Intelligence. The thesis’s main purpose is to investigate how Swedish startups perceive Competitive Intelligence and how their perception influences how they are dealing with international competition in the domestic market. Even though Competitive Intelligence is not a new field, the existing literature over this topic is not very rich, especially regarding startups. In our work, through qualitative research based on eleven semi-structured interviews, with CEOs and founders of startups in Sweden, and a CEO of an Intelligence firm in Sweden, we argue that there are three approaches to Competitive Intelligence from Swedish startups. The competition-centric, the customer-centric and the market-centric approach. Furthermore, we propose that dealing with competition requires startups to establish an intelligence culture that involves everyone, as it enhances their alertness, contributes to the building of a competitive advantage, increases their sales efficiency and lastly using their “insidership” as it is proposed in the revised Uppsala Model, to gather information and deal with the competitors. Finally, from our findings we propose two new classifications in addition to Murphy’s five classifications of firms based on their engagement in Competitive Intelligence activities, “the Hesitant” and “The Arrogant”.
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Madiega, Tambiama André. "For an international competition policy : a global welfare approach". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30316.
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This study flows from fundamentals by describing the raison d'etre of international competition policy: how competition law, interacts with trade policy and why that interaction has become a critical concern that should be addressed in an international cooperative framework. From this observation, this thesis concludes that policy initiatives to establish international substantive competition rules are both desirable and feasible. They are desirable because they would avoid international trade disputes deriving from conflicting implementations of trade and competition policies. They are feasible trough the application of a methodology which balances efficiency, fairness and social objectives. Such a methodology is proposed by the author for the determination of common substantive competition rules.This set of proposals identifies changes that would be acceptable to most national participants in world trade and classifies trade practices into three categories: First, the trade practices prohibited per se, for which international standards can be reached in a short time; second, the trade practices examined under a rule-of-reason approach for which some common standards seem obtainable only in a mid-term frame given the existing divergent antitrust philosophies; third, international mergers and antidumping laws for which, given the strong industrial policy considerations, international substantive rules are not likely to emerge in the foreseeable future.
Finally, as practical illustration, this thesis explores the long-run potential for replacing anti-competitive aspects of current antidumping laws with more efficient and more equitable competition-policy safeguards. The substitution of the international price discrimination standard commonly applied in antidumping review by the predatory pricing standard favoured under antitrust investigations can be achieved through the introduction of two criteria: determination of the "impact on the domestic economy, as a whole" and calculation of the variable cost standard.
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Nystedt, Jens. "Competition, regulation and integration in international financial markets". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Finansiell Ekonomi (FI), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-539.
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Chapter I - Derivative Market Competition: OTC Markets Versus Organized Derivative Exchanges Recent regulatory initiatives in the United States have again raised the issue of a ''level regulatory and supervisory playing field'' and the degree of competition globally between over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives and organized derivative exchange (ODE) markets. This chapter models some important aspects of how an ODE market interrelates with the OTC markets. It analyzes various ways in which an ODE market can respond to competition from the OTC markets and considers whether ODE markets would actually benefit from a more level playing field. Among other factors, such as different transaction costs, different abilities to mitigate credit risk play a significant role in determining the degree of competition between the two types of markets. This implies that a potentially important service ODE markets can provide OTC market participants is to extend clearing services to them. Such services would allow the OTC markets to focus more on providing less competitive contracts/innovations and instead customize their contracts to specific investors’ risk preferences and needs. Chapter II – Crisis Resolution and Private Sector Adaptation Efforts at crisis resolution that succeed in reducing potential inefficiencies and instability in the international financial system are in the interest of both the private and the public sector. Unlike in the domestic context, in the international context, in the absence of clearly established rules of the game, the approaches adopted toward crisis resolution, and the extent to which they are interpreted by market participants as setting a precedent, can have profound implications for the nature and structure of international capital flows. The key conclusion of this chapter is that recent experiences with payment suspensions and bond restructurings are limited as guides to determining the future success or failures of these initiatives, as the private sector most likely has adapted in order to minimize any unwanted public sector involvement. Chapter III - European Equity Market Integration: Cyclical or Structural? Reviewing the empirical evidence of equity market integration in the European Union, the chapter finds a significant increase in the importance of global sector factors for a number of industries. Unlike most past studies, which only covered developments during the bull market of the late nineties, the results presented in this chapter suggest that the degree of Euroland equity market integration has declined gradually following the bursting of the TMT bubble. This seems to suggest that the findings of previous studies that Euroland equity markets were nearly fully financially integrated is worth revisiting. There are, however, several good reasons to believe that the structural factors driving European equity market integration have yet to play themselves out fully. Institutional investors both outside the Euroland area and within have substantial untapped capacity to take on Euroland exposures and invest additionally in Euroland equities.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2004
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Kent, Avidan. "International competition policy and the WTO: Future Pathways". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67049.
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Abstract The process of globalization is changing the world's economic structure as economic borders between countries are being diminished in favour of the creation of a new global market. It seems though that, at least at some fields, this process lacks international thinking. Competition regulation is an example of a field in which international thinking is currently lacking. This paper focuses on the deficiencies that the lack of competition policy creates for international trade, and the obstacles to the acceptance of a competition policy. This paper also examines structural and legislative issues with regard to international competition policy. In this paper, the author aspires to provide a pragmatic breakthrough for this deadlocked situation. Thus several suggestions are proposed on both the legislative and the judicial levels.RésuméLe phénomène de la globalisation occasionne une transformation de la structure économique mondiale en cette ère où les frontières entre les pays sont abolies en faveur de la création d'un nouveau marché global. Il semble cependant, a tout le moins sous certains aspects, que ce processus souffre d'un manque de réflexion à l'échelle internationale. L'encadrement légal de la concurrence constitue l'un de ces aspects.Cette thèse s'intéresse aux carences que l'absence d'une politique de réglementation de la concurrence occasionne sur le marché international ainsi qu'aux obstacles à franchir pour la mise en place d'une telle réglementation. Les questions structurelles et législatives à l'égard de la politique de concurrence internationale seront également étudiées. L'auteur aspire à fournir une solution pragmatique à cette impasse. Aussi, plusieurs solutions seront proposées aussi bien sur le plan législatif que sur le plan judiciaire.
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Borgato, Carlo <1990>. "Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Legacy and Perspectives". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5859.
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La tesi ripercorre l'evoluzione storica della forma di mercato della competizione monopolistica, dalla sua prima formulazione alle più importanti e recenti applicazioni focalizzandosi sul contesto del commercio internazionale. A questa prima parte di literary review segue poi l'analisi del paper "Trade Liberalisation with Heterogeneous Firms" del 2010 di Baldwin e Forslid, che presenta alcuni peculiari risultati in contrasto con la teoria standard del commercio internazionale, con un piccolo contributo critico (anche di natura analitica) su quest'ultimo paper come conclusione.
This work wants to be an exhaustive literature review concerning the market-structure called "monopolistic competition", from its initial intuition to the most recent and relevant applications focused on the international trade context. To this literary review it then follows the analysis of the paper by Baldwin and Forslid of 2010 "Trade Liberalisation with Heterogeneous Firms", that shows peculiar anti-variety effect that are in contrast with the standard trade theory. At the end, it is propsed a brief critic contribution to the Baldwin-Forslid model.
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Wes, Marina. "Gains from trade : competition and the factor market". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1420/.
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How do international trade and economic integration alter competitive pressures in economies. Can economic integration increase welfare by alleviating factor market distortions. What are the precise channels through which trade triggers welfare gains. This thesis examines how economic integration can alter competitive pressures in both product and factor markets. Endogenising product market imperfections, the new trade theory highlighted a number of previously unrecognised sources of gains from trade. This thesis will suggest that further gains from trade can be derived by endogenising factor market imperfections. Although these gains have been commonly alleged to by practitioners, they have hardly been formalised. Chapter 2 empirically assesses the importance of the various channels through which procompetitive gains from trade may be attained. Using a panel of 2400 Mexican firms between 1984-1990, it is shown that markups fell with trade liberalisation. It is also suggested that liberalisation has increased total factor productivity of the firms in the sample. The remainder of the thesis is of a theoretical nature. Chapter 3 focuses on the market for intermediate inputs in the presence of hold-up. In a closed economy, a bilateral monopoly is operating and inefficiencies arise in both product and factor markets. As the economy opens up to trade, procompetitive effects suppress the margin between prices and marginal costs increasing allocative efficiency. If downstream firms become internationally mobile, productive gains may arise from increasing returns to scale and intensified competition in the input market. Chapter 4 focuses on the unionised labour market. If countries are symmetric, trade will increase competition in the product market raising labour demand. The effect on wages is ambiguous. If firms are internationally mobile, the threat of firm mobility reduces both wages and unemployment.
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Chrissafis, Athanassios. "Global strategic competition in the consumer electronics industry". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259740.
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Mitschke, Andreas. "The influence of national competition policy on the international competitiveness of nations a contribution to the debate on international competition rules". Heidelberg Physica-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986854700/04.
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Mitschke, Andreas. "The influence of national competition policy on the international competitiveness of nations : a contribution to the debate on international competition rules /". Heidelberg : Physica-Verl, 2008. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz276458052inh.htm.
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Lu, Angela Cheng-Jui. "International airline alliances : EC competition law-US antitrust law and international air transport /". Leiden, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41007115m.
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Wan, Feng. "Converting country-specific advantages into firm-specific advantages : a new perspective on developing and sustaining competitive advantage in emerging markets". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648274.
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Forester, Susan. "Global business competition and its impact on international production". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22059.pdf.
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Madiega, Tambiama André. "For an international competition policy, a global welfare approach". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64292.pdf.
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Sikorski, D. J. "Public enterprise in international competition : The case of Singapore". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379813.
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Králíčková, Klára. "Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition v Tel Avivu". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391605.
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The master thesis deals with the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv. The first chapter is dedicated to Arthur Rubinstein´s life (1887 – 1982) and his work. The competition in Tel Aviv was named after him and comes out from his interpretative work and life principles and believes. He was personally involved in the establishment of this competition in Tel Aviv. The second chapter is focused on historical circumstances of the establishment and evolution of the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv and its inclusion in the World Federation of International Music Competitions and the Alink – Argerich Foundation. After that I pursue conditions of acceptance, required repertoire, time schedule, organization, system of rating individual rounds of this competition, assembling of a jury and people who has been involved. This master thesis sets the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv in comparison with several other piano competitions.
The thesis is divided into an introduction part, three main chapters with several subchapters and a conclusion. As well, nineteen attachments are added.
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Rakestraw, Joseph Raymond. "International Evidence on Product Market Competition and Firm Value". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73029.
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Economic theory and empirical research suggests product market competition can result in both positive and negative capital market effects. Specifically, research suggests competition reduces agency costs, but also reduces profitability. I examine the relation between product market competition and firm value in an international setting, focusing on how the relation varies with firm- and country-specific characteristics. I document lower values for firms in more competitive industries. However, the negative relation between competition and firm value is less pronounced for firms with higher firm-level liquidation risk, stronger country-level investor protection mechanisms, and higher firm-level transparency. These findings are consistent with an agency cost benefit resulting from product market competition.Ph. D.
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Lucenti, Krista. "Essays on international trade: antidumping, competition, and trade facilitation". Berlin dissertation.de, 2006. http://d-nb.info/990430650/04.
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Forester, Susan (Susan Eunice) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Global business competition and its impact on international production". Ottawa, 1996.
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Lucenti, Krista. "Essays on international trade : antidumping, competition and trade facilitation /". Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2008. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5632.
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Bilotkach, Volodymyr. "Essays on competition and consolidation on international airline markets". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290154.
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This dissertation offers an investigation of the current issues in economics of the international airline industry. The two broad issues considered are deregulation of and consolidation on the international airline markets. The process of deregulation has been and will probably remain gradual. Moreover, restrictions are often removed in such a way that players are forced to play by different rules. In this context, I measure price effects of asymmetric entry barriers at London's Heathrow airport. I find that such entry restriction decreases the fares of the affected carriers. Concurrently, I find that the airport dominance effect, shown to exist for the US domestic market, applies to the international routes as well. On the basis of my results, I suggest the following danger in the process of the gradual deregulation of international aviation. Given the strong political influences and the current industry structure, we may end up getting locked into situations, where a carrier that dominates an airport may obtain preferential treatment on the respective international routes. This can prevent entry by the more efficient carriers and/or keep the less efficient airlines in operation. As far as airline consolidation is concerned, I develop a new model of price competition between international airline alliances and test its predictions. The primary focus is on the price effects of codesharing (connecting the partner airlines' networks) and antitrust immunity (allowing the partner airlines to jointly set fares across the unified network). I show theoretically that antitrust immunity may not have negative price effects in addition to that of codesharing. This finding is contrary to what has been suggested previously. Empirical analysis confirms the theoretical predictions.
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Wongsawat, Natjarate. "Assessing Thailand's international competitiveness a generalised double-diamond approach : a dissertation [thesis] submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Business, 2005". Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Leung, Hiu-yan Amy y 梁曉欣. "Hong Kong's attractiveness as a business hub in the face of China's WTO accession". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26693100.
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Mitschke, Andreas [Verfasser]. "The influence of national competition policy on the international competitiveness of nations : a contribution to the debate on international competition rules / Andreas Mitschke". Heidelberg : Physica-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989749339/34.
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Shen, Chyi. "Great power trade competition in East Asian markets /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988699.
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Al-Shafi, Nasser Mubarak Shafi. "The international telecommunications sector : a financial investigation of post privatisation performance". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/709.
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The focus of this thesis is an investigation of the post-privatisation performance of the international telecoms sector. Firstly, the general hypothesis (1) of this thesis has been pursued, which states that the privatised telecoms companies perform differently from their non-privatised (private) counterparts. Several tests were applied; namely, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The principal finding was that there was no significant difference in performance. Secondly, the next hypothesis (2) states that the financial performance of each company is positively related to that of the other two selected companies. For this purpose, multiple regression tests were performed to investigate any inter-relationships between BT, AT&T and NTT. It was found that the performance of each was affected by the other companies. Thirdly, the next hypothesis (3) states that, in a global market, company performance is related more closely to the sector than to each respective stock market. It was found that performance was affected more significantly by their respective stock markets than by competitor global players. Fourthly, the next hypothesis (4) states that, in terms of competitive advantage, NTT exhibits through time a superior position compared with BT and AT&T on account of its monopoly position. It was found that monopoly was not an issue. Fifthly, the next hypothesis (5) states that, of the three global players, AT&T is more adversely affected in its competitive advantage on account of its having a weaker monopoly position. It was found that AT&T had a competitive advantage from 1990 to 1993. BT took the lead until 2000, then NTT forged ahead after the Japanese market started to become more liberalised in terms of competition. Original tests were performed regarding the changing degree of competitive advantage of these three companies. This required an evaluation of the relationship between competitive advantage and priceearnings inverses, capital asset pricing model derived rates of return and dividend-based rates of return. A random walk with drift model was also applied, in order to evaluate forecasted trends. Finally, BT's short-term debt-financing problems were examined. To overcome these difficulties, BT raised funds via a rights issue, selling off Yell and other profitable assets and de-merged their mobile company. It was found that the strategic risk probability of a failed rights issue was quite small.
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Cho, Eunjeong. "EURATOM : nuclear norm competition between allies, 1955-1957". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49645/.
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This study problematises two theoretical propositions that have prevailed in the mainstream International Relations (IR) literature: the first concerns the negative understanding of the role of entities in the margins; and the second is the attention paid to material resources and physical capabilities in comparison to the politics of norms or identities. Building on insights from Constructivism, this thesis advances the idea of ‘norm competition’, which international norms compete with each other to gain initiative, and it explores this with reference to nuclear norm entrepreneurship in the Western Alliance in the early Cold War. In so doing, the study traces the historical paths towards the creation of EURATOM between 1955 and 1957 at two levels. First, the external relations of EURATOM are examined in the framework of norm competition; that is, between the emerging norms of EURATOM, and existing norms in the form of US nuclear regulations developed after the end of World War II. I argue that favourable temporal and spatial conditions, as well as an ‘agree-and-deepen policy’, a communication skill carefully designed to increase one’s political leverage by exploiting one’s own identification, helped the creation of EURATOM and the emergence of alternative norms in the nuclear field. Second, the inner-dynamics of EURATOM with regard to its member states, specifically Belgium and France, is explored in terms of their motivation for joining EURATOM and its influence on them with respect to their post-war foreign policy identity—namely, the ‘hyphen role’ of Belgium and the ‘exceptionalism’ of France. It is argued that EURATOM played a key role in creating room for its own autonomy and its member states in relation to nuclear norms. In turn, Belgium and France contributed to the creation of EURATOM by exploiting their unique identities. Finally, it concludes that norm entrepreneurship can increase the political leverage of margins in relation to centres, and therefore being marginal does not necessarily mean being powerless.
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Sinaceur, Faycal Regis. "Three essays on oligopolistic competition, product differentiation and international trade". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/NQ47699.pdf.
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Landesmann, M. A. "Industrial structures and international competition : Disproportional growth in interdependent economies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371680.
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Horridge, John Francis. "International competition and the evolution of the European bicycle industry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118289.
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Ma, Jie. "Three essays in imperfect competition, political economy and international trade". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/191381/.
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This Thesis has two themes: (1) political economy of international trade and factor mobility policy; (2) the robustness of strategic trade and industrial policy. Chapter 1 is a non-technical introduction of my research. In Chapter 2, Double-edged incentive competition for FDI, we study the impact of special interest lobbying on competition between two countries for a multinational in a common agency framework. \Ve address the following questions. On the positive side, is special interest lobbying a determinant of competition for FDI? If so, how does it work? How does it affect the equilibrium price for attracting FDI? On the normative side, what are the welfare effects of FDI competition when special interest lobbying is present? Is allocative efficiency always achieved? We argue that special interest lobbying provides an extra political incentive for a government to attract FDI. We show that compared to the benchmark case when governments maximize national welfare, now (1) an economically disadvantageous country has a chance to win the competition; (2) the equilibrium price for attracting FDI is higher than in the benchmark case; (3) allocative efficiency cannot be always achieved. In Chapter 3, Advertising in a differentiated duopoly and its policy implications for an open economy, we develop a model of advertising in a differentiated duopoly in which firms first decide how much to invest in cooperative or predatory advertising and then engage in product market competition (Cournot or Bertrand). We then use this model, with the type of advertising endogenously determined, to explore the policy implications in the context of a Brander-Spencer third-country model of strategic trade. Among results derived from this model, most interestingly we show that for a range of parameter values we get robust trade policy in which governments always use a trade subsidy irrespective of the type of advertising or form of market competition. In Chapter 4, Is export subsidy a robust trade policy recommendation towards a unionized duopoly, we argue that although previous researches imply that the robust trade policy recommendation towards a unionized duopoly is an export subsidy, we cannot get such a result even in the linear case if the opportunity cost of public funds is sufficiently high. However, if we consider the case where the domestic firm and the trade union lobby the government to set their favorable trade policies by giving the government political contributions (modeled in a common agency setting), then the result of robustness will be restored if the government cares about the political contributions sufficiently relative to national welfare. See Chapter 5 for some technical proofs.
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Porter, Tony (Anthony) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Inter-state and private regimes in global finance". Ottawa, 1992.
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Yu, Dan. "Strategies of Chinese retailers to survive foreign competition". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2055.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005.With the largest growing population and "the world's fastest growing economy" (Jacob, 2004:20), China has an enormous pool of potential consumers who want to improve their lifestyles. China's opening of its retail market has encouraged the entrance of foreign retailers and has increased retailing. Many international companies and Chinese retailers are eager for a share of the Chinese market. China has made many reforms to its policies and regulations in order to join the World Trade Organization, and has evolved into a major investment destination for foreign investors. As a member of the World Trade Organization, China will benefit from increased access to the foreign market, but in return, it will have to expose itself to competition from foreign companies. The retail environment in China is evolving as markets mature. These markets are ripe for cultivation by foreign retailers whose advanced systems, operations, management and marketing skills can bring added levels of efficiency and enhanced performance to the Chinese markets. Many multinational retailers have operations in China and may more plan aggressive expansions to roots themselves. The foreign retailers have superior merchandising expertise, advanced management techniques, strong capital, reputable foreign brands, excellent service and flexible strategies. In addition, they have the wisdom to hire capable local managers to help them bridge cultural gaps to attract customers into their stores and build effective customers relationships. Foreign retails have set about changing the shopping behaviour of their Chinese customers. They import well-known foreign brands, create comfortable shopping environments, set prices applicable nationwide and create marketing campaigns that are extremely attractive to Chinese customers. According to a customer research survey, Chinese customers are becoming more discerning and sophisticated. They are moving from finding the best price to seeking the best quality, showing increasing brand awareness and loyalty to foreign brand-name goods. The Chinese retail market environment is becoming more complicated and competition is becoming intense.
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Lai, Lap-tak y 賴立德. "HongKong advantage as an international telecom hub". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268894.
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Lai, Lap-tak. "HongKong advantage as an international telecom hub /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19877900.
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Wang, Tiffany. "International cartels and developing countries : a proposal to reframe competition law". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7627/.
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This thesis deals with the question of whether developing countries can effectively protect themselves against the effects of international cartels and what strategies they should develop in order to do so. While combating cartels has been one of the pillars of both domestic and international competition law policy, developing countries continue to suffer the brunt of the negative effects of international cartels. Because most developing countries have little to no functioning competition law policy, they are often the most likely targets of international cartels and therefore the most in need of assistance. This thesis will discuss both the qualitative and quantitative effects international cartels have on developing countries and the global market. This discussion will also include analysis of case studies conducted on the effects of these cartels. Another chapter will be devoted to the current legislation and strategies that have already been established to combat international cartels in general. The final chapters will cover what has already been done to help developing countries protect themselves and what the appropriate welfare benchmark should be when considering reform options. Global reform strategies discussed will include a discussion on whether forming a global, harmonised competition law agreement would be feasible and methods on how to foster greater cooperation between jurisdictions.
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KESSLER, Natalie. "Competition in regulated over-the-counter markets". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75139.
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Defence date: 16 December 2022Examining Board: Prof. Giacomo Calzolari, (EUI, supervisor); Prof. Ramon Marimon, (UPF, Barcelona School of Economics, EUI, co-supervisor); Prof. Jean-Charles Rochet, (Geneva Finance Research Institute); Prof. Gyöngyi Lóránth, (University of Vienna)
A common thread throughout all three thesis chapters is the combined usage of theoretical models and empirical methods to study the effect of a regulatory shift on the (competitive) equilibrium outcomes. In the first chapter, I analyze the effect of mandatory counterparty default insurance (central clearing) of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives on aggregate financial risk exposure. I carefully model the competitive mechanisms in both the OTC derivatives and their insurance market. I show that the introduction of mandatory insurance empowers the for-profit central counterparty (CCP) to raise prices, wherefore only larger clients opt to additionally insure their derivatives (lower credit risk). Smaller clients instead exit the market and remain unhedged (higher market risk). I conclude with a model calibration and counterfactual policy evaluation for the EuroDollar FX derivatives market, showing that mandatory insurance increases aggregate financial risk. In the second chapter, joined with Iman van Lelyveld and Ellen van der Woerd, we predict the reduction in short-sell constraints due to an out-ruling of exclusive security lending agreements (ESLAs). Broker-dealers intermediate stock lending between lenders with large portfolios and borrowers seeking to short sell. We study why some lenders commit to a single broker-dealer via exclusive security lending agreements (ESLAs) at the cost of foregoing profitable trades, and how this impacts aggregate lending. We provide a detailed market overview both on a transaction and counterparty-pair level. Gained insights inform a three-period representative lender model that rationalizes why ESLAs arise in equilibrium. After carefully evaluating the model fit, we predict the counterfactual trading volumes in the absence of existing ESLAs. We find that trading volumes would significantly increase, up to 8%. In my final chapter, joined with Johannes Fischer, we study the impact of stress tests and complementary dividend regulations on equilibrium bank lending. Bank stress tests, regularly conducted to ensure stable lending, constitute a de facto constraint on balance sheets: equity must be sufficient to maintain current lending also in the future, even after absorbing severe loan losses. We study the effects of such forward looking constraints in a representative bank model. More severe-stress test scenarios lead to lower dividends, higher equity levels, and universally lower, albeit less volatile, lending. We calibrate our model to large U.S. banks, subject to Federal Reserve stress tests, and compute the optimal, state-dependent severity of stress tests and implied capital buffers (up to 6% during normal times). Finally, we complement stress tests with three macroprudential policies: the Covid-19 dividend ban, the counter-cyclical capital buffer (CCyB), and the proposed dividend prudential target (DPT). We find that combing stress tests with a dividend ban or DPT improves supervisor welfare equally. Due to its discontinuous nature, however, relaxing the CCyB falls short.
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Nikolakakis, Niki. "The international legal ramifications of the OECD's harmful tax competition crusade /". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101823.
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In 1998 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the "OECD") commenced a campaign to eliminate harmful tax competition focusing on geographically mobile activities. The OECD targeted 35 jurisdictions and demanded that those nations amend their tax laws to remove the harmful features that provided more favorable tax treatment to geographically mobile capital than was available in some of its Member States. This thesis examines the international responsibility of the OECD and its Member States to determine whether their conduct in waging this campaign is in accordance with the international legal principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention. As an international actor with legal personality, the conduct of the OECD is found to engage its international responsibility for the breach of state sovereignty and non-intervention. The Member States in support of the OECD's actions are found to have primary and secondary responsibility under international law for the OEOD's actions.
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Walsh, Patrick Paul. "International trade theory under imperfect competition in product and labour markets". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1324/.
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This thesis concerns the interaction of imperfections in product and labour markets. In the first three chapters we examine the implications of this analysis for the normative side of international trade theory. In chapter one we focus on export policy in the old and new school of international trade theory when there is an imperfection in product markets. We outline the product market rent creation motives for intervention in the different schools. In chapters two and three we incorporate labour market imperfections into the analysis of chapter one. We look at the interaction of product and labour market rent creation motives for trade policy in the two schools of trade theory. Chapter two deals with unionised intra-industry competition and trade policy (export and domestic). Chapter three looks at intra-industry competition, efficiency wage payments and export policy. In chapter four we develop the theory of vertical spillovers under imperfect competition in the product and labour market. The theory tracks vertical spillovers from the upstream labour market to the downstream product market and vice versa. Using U.K. panel data, we find evidence for the presence of these spillovers.
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Theron, Nicolas Charle. "Medical conditions and illness in elite football players during international competition". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9034.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-128).Background: Previous clinical research of football players participating in international tournaments has mainly focussed on documentation of injuries and risk factors for injury. However, despite anecdotal evidence that medical symptomatology, illness and medical complaints are common during travel to international competitions, the epidemiology of medical conditions before, during or after elite level football tournaments, has not been well documented. Objective: The aims of the research presented in this dissertation were: 1) to determine the prevalence of medical conditions in elite football players 2) to determine the incidence and nature of medical conditions and illness in the elite football players participating in an international tournament (2009 FIFA Confederations Cup tournament) and 3) to provide data for the medical planning and management of elite football players during future events. Methods: The first component of this dissertation consisted of a comprehensive review of the current literature describing the prevalence and incidence of medical conditions and illness in athletes. The original research component of this dissertation consisted of two parts, and both studies were conducted during the FIFA Confederations Cup tournament, which was held in South Africa in June 2009. All the players in the 8 participating teams (23 players per team – a total of 184 players) were approached by the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) through their team physicians and invited to participate as research subjects in the studies. Part 1 (descriptive cross-sectional study): Prior to the tournament, all the players completed a previously validated medical history and illness questionnaire. Furthermore, the questionnaire contained sections on player demographics, training history, medication and supplement use, life-style history, family history of atopy, current and past history of medical conditions and detailed sections pertaining to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), allergies, asthma, exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) and history of previous surgery. Part 2 (prospective cohort study): During the 15 days of the tournament each team physician was requested to complete a daily injury, medical illness and treatment log for each player. Finally, data on the environmental conditions at each venue were collected, as recorded by the South African Weather Service. Results: The main findings in part 1 of this study were: 1) exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) was the most prevalent medical condition reported, with 64 (46%) of the players reporting a history of EAMC, 2) the prevalence of allergy was 27 (20%) and asthma 6 (4%), 3) the prevalence of dermatological conditions was 16 (12%), 4) the prevalence of gastro-intestinal conditions was 10 (7%) and central nervous system conditions was 6 (4%), 5) URTI one week before the tournament was reported by 7 (5%) of the players, 6) 68 (49%) of the players reported a history of previous surgery and 7) 72 (52%) of the players reported the use of supplements or vitamins and 11 (8%) the use of medication. Knee surgery was the most common anatomical area operated with 33 (24%) of the players reporting previous knee surgery. This was followed by a much lower prevalence of ankle surgery, 8 (6%). In part 2 of the study, a total of 56 injuries and 35 illnesses were recorded during the tournament. The main findings in this study were: 1) an overall injury rate of 64.4 injuries per 1000 match hours or 2.1 injuries per match, 2) an overall rate of 2.7 injuries and 1.7 illnesses per 100 player days, 3) that 0.88 days were lost per injury and 0.46 days were lost per illness, 4) the lower limb was the most commonly injured body part, 5) 11 (20%) of the injuries reported were to the thigh, 6) 15 (44%) of the injuries reported were due to a contusion, 6) 13 (37%) of the illnesses reported were due to ENT conditions, and 7) 7 (20%) were due to respiratory tract symptoms. Summary and conclusion: Illness and injury are common during an international football tournament. The pattern of injury was similar to that previously reported. However, the novel finding of this dissertation was that illness is a significant component to the medical care to a travelling team and needs to be considered by team physicians managing the medical needs of elite football teams.