Artículos de revistas: "IPDR"

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Saif, Muhammad Wasif, Greg Berk, Yung-Chi Cheng y Timothy James Kinsella. "IPdR: a novel oral radiosensitizer". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 16, n.º 9 (22 de agosto de 2007): 1415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.16.9.1415.

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Heine, Carmen. "Integrated Problem Decision Reports (IPDR) im DaF-Kontext". ÖDaF-Mitteilungen 34, n.º 2 (16 de noviembre de 2018): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/odaf.2018.34.2.22.

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Leu, Jenq-Shiou, Wen-Bin Hsieh y Yun-Sun Yee. "Implementing Billing as a Service by an IPDR Aggregator System". Wireless Personal Communications 87, n.º 4 (25 de agosto de 2015): 1223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3050-6.

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Ceron, Jesus D., Christine F. Martindale, Diego M. López, Felix Kluge y Bjoern M. Eskofier. "Indoor Trajectory Reconstruction of Walking, Jogging, and Running Activities Based on a Foot-Mounted Inertial Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning System". Sensors 20, n.º 3 (24 de enero de 2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030651.

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The evaluation of trajectory reconstruction of the human body obtained by foot-mounted Inertial Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning (IPDR) methods has usually been carried out in controlled environments, with very few participants and limited to walking. In this study, a pipeline for trajectory reconstruction using a foot-mounted IPDR system is proposed and evaluated in two large datasets containing activities that involve walking, jogging, and running, as well as movements such as side and backward strides, sitting, and standing. First, stride segmentation is addressed using a multi-subsequence Dynamic Time Warping method. Then, detection of Toe-Off and Mid-Stance is performed by using two new algorithms. Finally, stride length and orientation estimation are performed using a Zero Velocity Update algorithm empowered by a complementary Kalman filter. As a result, the Toe-Off detection algorithm reached an F-score between 90% and 100% for activities that do not involve stopping, and between 71% and 78% otherwise. Resulting return position errors were in the range of 0.5% to 8.8% for non-stopping activities and 8.8% to 27.4% otherwise. The proposed pipeline is able to reconstruct indoor trajectories of people performing activities that involve walking, jogging, running, side and backward walking, sitting, and standing.

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Kinsella, Timothy J., Michael T. Kinsella, Seongwon Hong, Jerry P. Johnson, Brian Burback y Patricia J. Tosca. "Toxicology and pharmacokinetic study of orally administered 5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2′deoxyribose (IPdR) × 28 days in Fischer-344 rats: impact on the initial clinical phase I trial design of IPdR-mediated radiosensitization". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 61, n.º 2 (12 de junio de 2007): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-007-0518-4.

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6

Wang Yang, 王杨 y 赵红东 Zhao Hongdong. "VLC/PDR Particle Filter Fusion Indoor Positioning Based on Smartphone". Chinese Journal of Lasers 47, n.º 7 (2020): 0706001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202047.0706001.

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7

Yu, J., X. Zheng y P. Jeppesen. "80 Gbit/s OTDM signal amplification in SOA and improvement of IPDR by shifting optical filter in wavelength". Electronics Letters 37, n.º 7 (2001): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20010290.

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Kummar, S., L. Anderson, K. Hill, E. Majerova, D. Allen, Y. Horneffer, P. Ivy, P. Harris, J. H. Doroshow y J. Collins. "592 First-in-human Phase 0 Trial of Oral 5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2′-deoxyribose (IPdR) in Patients with Advanced Malignancies". European Journal of Cancer 48 (noviembre de 2012): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72389-4.

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9

Kinsella, Timothy, Howard Safran, Susan Wiersma, Thomas DiPetrillo, Andrew Schumacher, Kayla Rosati, John Vatkevich et al. "Phase I and Pharmacology Study of Ropidoxuridine (IPdR) as Prodrug for Iododeoxyuridine-Mediated Tumor Radiosensitization in Advanced GI Cancer Undergoing Radiation". Clinical Cancer Research 25, n.º 20 (23 de julio de 2019): 6035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0862.

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10

Kinsella, Timothy J., Kathleen A. Vielhuber y Keith A. Kunugi. "Pre-clinical toxicity and efficacy study of oral IPDR (QD X 14D) as a prodrug for IUDR-radiosensitization in U25 human glioblastoma xenografts". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 42, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)80235-6.

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11

Spitzer, M. W. y M. N. Semple. "Responses of inferior colliculus neurons to time-varying interaural phase disparity: effects of shifting the locus of virtual motion". Journal of Neurophysiology 69, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1993): 1245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.4.1245.

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1. Motion of sound sources results in temporal variation of the binaural cues for sound localization. We evaluated the influence of virtual motion on neural tuning to one of these cues, interaural phase disparity (IPD). Responses to dichotic stimuli were recorded from single units in the inferior colliculus of the anesthetized cat and gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Static IPDs were generated by presenting dichotic tone pairs with a constant phase offset maintained for the duration of the stimulus. Time-varying IPDs were generated by simultaneously presenting a pure tone to one ear and a phase-modulated tone to the other ear. Sets of time-varying stimuli consisted of modulations through partially overlapping ranges of IPD, corresponding to movement of a sound source through partially overlapping arcs in the horizontal plane. 2. In agreement with previous results, neuronal discharge was typically a peaked function of static IPD resulting from both binaural facilitation at favorable IPDs and binaural suppression at unfavorable IPDs. Responses to time-varying IPD stimuli appeared to be shaped by the same facilitative and inhibitory mechanisms that underlie static IPD tuning. Modulation toward the peak of binaural facilitation increased the probability of discharge, and modulation toward the peak of binaural suppression decreased the probability of discharge. However, it was also clear that IPD tuning could be significantly altered by the temporal context of the stimulus. For the vast majority of units in response to modulation through partially overlapping ranges of IPD the discharge rate profiles were generally nonoverlapping. This shift in IPD tuning induced by the virtual motion reflects the fact that the binaural interaction associated with a given IPD depends on the recent history of stimulation. In addition, modulation in opposite directions through the same range of IPDs often elicited asymmetric responses. These nonlinearities imply that most inferior colliculus neurons do not unambiguously encode a specific IPD, but instead may encode small changes of IPD occurring virtually anywhere within their receptive fields. In a few cases modulation through overlapping ranges of IPD elicited contiguous response profiles, indicating that for these units responses were determined entirely by instantaneous IPD. 3. The nonlinearity of responses to time-varying IPD stimuli could not be attributed to monaural entrainment to the phase-modulated signals, did not depend on the phase modulation waveform, and occurred irrespective of which ear received the phase-modulated signal. Responses were similar in cats and gerbils, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms are common to binaural processing in diverse mammalian species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Furukawa, Shigeto, Katuhiro Maki, Makio Kashino y Hiroshi Riquimaroux. "Dependency of the Interaural Phase Difference Sensitivities of Inferior Collicular Neurons on a Preceding Tone and Its Implications in Neural Population Coding". Journal of Neurophysiology 93, n.º 6 (junio de 2005): 3313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01219.2004.

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This study examined the sensitivities of the neuronal responses in the inferior colliculus (IC) to the interaural phase difference (IPD) of a preceding tone, and explored its implications in the neural-population representation of the IPD. Single-unit responses were recorded from the IC of anesthetized gerbils. The stimulus was a dichotic tone sequence with a common frequency (typically the unit’s best frequency) and level (10–20 dB relative to the threshold), consisting of a conditioner (200 ms) followed by a probe (50 ms) with a silent gap (5–100 ms) between them. The IPDs of the 2 tones were varied independently. The presence of a conditioner generally suppressed the probe-driven responses; the effect size increased as the conditioner IPD approached the unit’s most responsive IPD. The units’ preferred IPDs were relatively invariant with the conditioner IPD. Two types of models were used to evaluate the effects of a conditioner on the IPD representation at the level of IC neural population. One was a version of the population-vector model. The other was the hemispheric-channel model, which assumed that the stimulus IPD is represented by the activities of 2 broadly tuned hemispheric channels. Both models predicted that, in the presence of a conditioner, the IPD representation would shift in a direction away from the conditioner IPD. This appears to emphasize the difference between the conditioner and the probe IPDs. The results indicate that in the IC, neural processes for IPD adapt to the stimulus history to enhance the representational contrast between successive sounds.

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13

Picazo, J., J. Ruiz-Contreras, J. Casado-Flores, E. Giangaspro, F. Del Castillo, T. Hernández-Sampelayo, E. Otheo, F. Balboa, E. Ríos y C. Méndez. "Relationship between Serotypes, Age, and Clinical Presentation of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Madrid, Spain, after Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine into the Vaccination Calendar". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, n.º 1 (3 de noviembre de 2010): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00317-10.

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ABSTRACTTo assess invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) clinical presentations and relationships with age and serotype in hospitalized children (<15 years) after PCV7 implementation in Madrid, Spain, a prospective 2-year (May 2007 to April 2009) laboratory-confirmed (culture and/or PCR) IPD surveillance study was performed (22 hospitals). All isolates (for serotyping) and culture-negative pleural/cerebrospinal fluids were sent to the reference laboratory for pneumolysin (ply) and autolysin (lyt) gene PCR analysis. A total of 330 IPDs were identified: 263 (79.7%) confirmed by culture and 67 (20.3%) confirmed by PCR. IPD distribution by age (months) was as follows: 23.6% (<12), 15.8% (12 to 23), 15.5% (24 to 35), 22.4% (36 to 59), and 22.7% (>59). Distribution by clinical presentation was as follows: 34.5% bacteremic pneumonia, 30.3% pediatric parapneumonic empyema (PPE), 13.6% meningitis, 13.3% primary bacteremia, and 8.2% others. Meningitis and primary bacteremia were the most frequent IPDs in children <12 months old, and bacteremic pneumonia and PPE were most frequent in those >36 months old. Frequencies of IPD-associated serotypes were as follows: 1, 26.1%; 19A, 18.8%; 5, 15.5%; 7F, 8.5%; 3, 3.9%; nontypeable/other 30 serotypes, 27.3%. Serotype 1 was linked to respiratory-associated IPD (38.6% in bacteremic pneumonia and 38.0% in PPE) and children of >36 months (51.4% for 36 to 59 months and 40.0% for >59 months), while serotype 19A was linked to nonrespiratory IPDs (31.1% in meningitis, 27.3% in primary bacteremia, and 51.9% in others) and children of <24 months (35.9% for children of <12 months and 36.5% for those 12 to 23 months old), with high nonsusceptibility rates for penicillin, cefotaxime, and erythromycin. After PCV7 implementation, non-PCV7 serotypes caused 95.5% of IPDs. The new 13-valent conjugate vaccine would provide 79.1% coverage of serotypes responsible for IPDs in this series.

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14

Angelone, Erik. "The impact of process protocol self-analysis on errors in the translation product". Describing Cognitive Processes in Translation: Acts and events 8, n.º 2 (29 de noviembre de 2013): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.8.2.07ang.

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This paper presents the initial results of an exploratory study examining the efficacy of Integrated Problem and Decision Reporting (IPDR) logs, recorded verbalizations, and screen recordings when used by translation students as revision tools for purposes of recognizing problems and mitigating errors in their translations. Students were given the task of creating one of these three process protocol types in conjunction with nine translations. They were then asked to self-reflect on their problem-solving performance while paying particularly close attention to a series of concrete problem indicator types found in the respective protocols during a post-task retrospective session. The students had the chance to make any desired revisions to their translations as a result of analyses before submitting a final version. The revised versions were marked up for punctuation, spelling, lexical, syntactic, stylistic, and mistranslation errors. The frequency of errors for each of these types was calculated for each student in conjunction with the process protocol utilized. The total number of errors in conjunction with each process protocol type used, regardless of textual level, was also calculated. Screen recording consistently proved to be the most efficacious process protocol type in mitigating errors. This paper concludes by positing several possible explanations for the greater success rate of screen recording as a revision tool and calls for screen recording to be implemented as a core component of a process-oriented translator training curriculum.

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Liu, Kai, YongTaek Lee, HyunTai Kim y MaPhooPwint Hlaing. "Mobile Device Passive Integration from Wafer Process". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2011): 000878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha1-paper1.

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In this paper, we present some passive components made from silicon substrate technology (Integrated Passive Device process) and integration schemes using these components for RF applications. RF decoupling capacitors from this process are characterized on ESR and ESL performance. Functional blocks (filters, baluns, diplexers, matching, etc) made from the IPD process, have shown good electrical performance with small form-factor features. The thin profiles from the IPDs make them very suitable to be used inside laminate and QFN packages. System-in-Packages or multiple-chip-modules using IPD approaches may have significant size reduction. The low profiles and the small form-factors of the IPDs result in less cross-talk between the IPDs and their nearby components (chips, SMDs, and routing traces, etc), and therefore it is easier to maintain signal integrity for packages.

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McAlpine, David, Dan Jiang, Trevor M. Shackleton y Alan R. Palmer. "Responses of Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus to Dynamic Interaural Phase Cues: Evidence for a Mechanism of Binaural Adaptation". Journal of Neurophysiology 83, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2000): 1356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1356.

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Responses to sound stimuli that humans perceive as moving were obtained for 89 neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of urethan-anesthetized guinea pigs. Triangular and sinusoidal interaural phase modulation (IPM), which produced dynamically varying interaural phase disparities (IPDs), was used to present stimuli with different depths, directions, centers, and rates of apparent motion. Many neurons appeared sensitive to dynamic IPDs, with responses at any given IPD depending strongly on the IPDs the stimulus had just passed through. However, it was the temporal pattern of the response, rather than the motion cues in the IPM, that determined sensitivity to features such as motion depth, direction, and center locus. IPM restricted only to the center of the IPD responsive area, evoked lower discharge rates than when the stimulus either moved through the IPD responsive area from outside, or up and down its flanks. When the stimulus was moved through the response area first in one direction and then back in the other, and the same IPDs evoked different responses, the response to the motion away from the center of the IPD responsive area was always lower than the response to the motion toward the center. When the IPD was closer at which the direction of motion reversed was to the center, the response to the following motion was lower. In no case did we find any evidence for neurons that under all conditions preferred one direction of motion to the other. We conclude that responses of IC neurons to IPM stimuli depend not on the history of stimulation, per se, but on the history of their response to stimulation, irrespective of the specific motion cues that evoke those responses. These data are consistent with the involvement of an adaptation mechanism that resides at or above the level of binaural integration. We conclude that our data provide no evidence for specialized motion detection involving dynamic IPD cues in the auditory midbrain of the mammal.

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Domenech de Cellès, Matthieu, Hélène Arduin, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Scarlett Georges, Cécile Souty, Didier Guillemot, Laurence Watier y Lulla Opatowski. "Unraveling the seasonal epidemiology of pneumococcus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 5 (14 de enero de 2019): 1802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812388116.

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Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae—including invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs)—remain a significant public health concern worldwide. The marked winter seasonality of IPDs is a striking, but still enigmatic aspect of pneumococcal epidemiology in nontropical climates. Here we confronted age-structured dynamic models of carriage transmission and disease with detailed IPD incidence data to test a range of hypotheses about the components and the mechanisms of pneumococcal seasonality. We find that seasonal variations in climate, influenza-like illnesses, and interindividual contacts jointly explain IPD seasonality. We show that both the carriage acquisition rate and the invasion rate vary seasonally, acting in concert to generate the marked seasonality typical of IPDs. We also find evidence that influenza-like illnesses increase the invasion rate in an age-specific manner, with a more pronounced effect in the elderly than in other demographics. Finally, we quantify the potential impact of seasonally timed interventions, a type of control measures that exploit pneumococcal seasonality to help reduce IPDs. Our findings shed light on the epidemiology of pneumococcus and may have notable implications for the control of pneumococcal infections.

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Zhang, Zhao, Guo Dong Fan y Hai Yan Yang. "Study on Chain Extension and Modification of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Isophorone Diisocyanate /Polyethylene Glycol". Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (febrero de 2012): 2067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2067.

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Poly(lactic acid)(PLA)was end-capped by isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) to get PLA-IPDI under the condition of temperature of 176°C and pressure of 0.090 MPa for 13 mins, and then the PLA-IPDI was chain-extended with different molecular weights polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400, PEG-600, PEG-800, PEG-4000 and PEG-6000 to produce a series of block copolymer PLA-IPDI-PEGs. when n(–OH)/n(–NCO)=1.5:1, the molecular weight of PLA-IPDI is maximum. All the copolymer PLA-IPDI-PEGs were characterized by GPC, FTIR, DSC and contact angle testing. The results show that the polymeric degree of PLA-IPDI-PEG-800 is the best and its molecular weight is the biggest. Tg of PLA-IPDI-PEG-800 is the lowest and its hydrophilicity is better than the others modification PLA-IPD-PEGs and pure PLA.

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Prashant, Meenakshi, Seung Wook Yoon, GeunSik Kim, Kai Liu y Flynn Carson. "Advanced SiP Packaging Technologies of IPD for Mobile Applications". Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 7, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2010): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.267.

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Integrated passive device (IPD) technology was originally developed as a way to replace bulky discrete passive components, but it is now gaining popularity in ESD/EMI protection applications, as well as in RF, high-brightness LED silicon submounts, and digital and mixed-signal devices. IPD is a device realized by resistors, inductors, capacitors, filters, and so on, for electrical functions such as matching and transforming, among others. Passive devices essentially optimize overall device performance. The key benefits offered by IPDs, as compared with LTCC and laminate-embedded passive devices, are primarily a smaller form factor and higher performance. IPDs are finding applications wherever it is desirable to reduce space on the application board or to reduce cost at the system level.

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Horii, Takaaki, Hiromichi Nagasawa y Jiro Nakayama. "Functional Analysis of TraA, the Sex Pheromone Receptor Encoded by pPD1, in a Promoter Region Essential for the Mating Response in Enterococcus faecalis". Journal of Bacteriology 184, n.º 22 (15 de noviembre de 2002): 6343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.22.6343-6350.2002.

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ABSTRACT Conjugative transfer of a bacteriocin plasmid, pPD1, of Enterococcus faecalis is induced in response to a peptide sex pheromone, cPD1, secreted from plasmid-free recipient cells. cPD1 is taken up by a pPD1 donor cell and binds to an intracellular receptor, TraA. Once a recipient cell acquires pPD1, it starts to produce an inhibitor of cPD1, termed iPD1, which functions as a TraA antagonist and blocks self-induction in donor cells. In this study, we discuss how TraA transduces the signal of cPD1 to the mating response. Gel mobility shift assays indicated that TraA is bound to a traA-ipd intergenic region, which is essential for cPD1 response. DNase I footprinting analysis suggested the presence of one strong (tab1) and two weak (tab2 and tab3) TraA-binding sites in the intergenic region. Primer extension analysis implied that the transcriptional initiation sites of traA and ipd were located in the intergenic region. Northern analysis showed that cPD1 upregulated and downregulated transcription of ipd and traA, respectively. The circular permutation assay showed that TraA bent a DNA fragment corresponding to the tab1 region, and its angle was changed in the presence of cPD1 or iPD1. From these data, we propose a model that TraA changes the conformation of the tab1 region in response to cPD1 and upregulates the transcription of ipd, which may lead to expression of genes required for the mating response.

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Diz-Küçükkaya, Reyhan. "Inherited platelet disorders including Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome". Hematology 2013, n.º 1 (6 de diciembre de 2013): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.268.

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Abstract Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting platelet production, morphology, and function. The degree of thrombocytopenia and functional abnormality of platelets determines the clinical manifestations. Although severe deficiencies may cause excessive bleeding beginning in early childhood, most of IPDs have mild bleeding tendencies and therefore are not always easy to distinguish from acquired platelet disorders. The diagnosis of IPD may require extensive laboratory investigation, because current routine laboratory tests are not satisfactory for differential diagnosis in some cases, and most of the specific tests are not readily available in many countries. This review summarizes the classification and clinical and molecular characteristics of known IPDs, including Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann thrombasthenia, with a focus on current challenges in the laboratory diagnosis and management of bleeding in these patients.

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Higuera, Carlos, Michael Bloomfield y Daniel Mesko. "Closed Reduction Conversion of a Dual Mobility Dislocation to an Intraprosthetic Dislocation". Journal of Hip Surgery 01, n.º 02 (junio de 2017): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603780.

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AbstractBuilding on a paucity of prior reported cases, we report on a patient with an off-label dual mobility liner, who sustained a dislocation. Following closed reduction in the emergency room, catching/grinding was felt, and imaging confirmed an intraprosthetic dislocation (IPD). This required revision hip arthroplasty. Dual mobility dislocations have the unique risk of conversion to IPDs during closed reduction attempts. There should be a low threshold to perform closed reductions in the operating room (OR) setting by an orthopaedic surgeon under full relaxation/sedation to optimize success and reduce the risk of creating an IPD.

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Oleinik, Pavel, Alexey Yurgaytis y Aleksandra Popova. "Planning of design works and formation of the initial permissive documentation for projects of general education institutions". MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825105023.

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In this article, the stages of erecting the building of a general education institution (GEI) from the moment of the formation of the idea of construction to the transfer of the object into operation are considered. Based on the personal experience of the authors, as well as the study of the corresponding regulations for obtaining the initial permissive documenta-tion (IPD), a list of IPDs was formed. In addition, during the study, a con-ditional schedule was drawn up for the collection of the IPD, as well as the necessary approvals for the initial phase of the object design.

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Shim, Ye Jee. "Genetic classification and confirmation of inherited platelet disorders: current status in Korea". Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00052.

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Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs), which manifest as primary hemostasis defects, often underlie abnormal bleeding and a family history of thrombocytopenia, bone marrow failure, hematologic malignancies, undefined mucocutaneous bleeding disorder, or congenital bony defects. Wide heterogeneity in IPD types with regard to the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, bone marrow failure, and dysmegakaryopoiesis is observed in patients. The individual processes involved in platelet production and hemostasis are genetically controlled; to date, mutations of more than 50 genes involved in various platelet biogenesis steps have been implicated in IPDs. Representative IPDs resulting from defects in specific pathways, such as thrombopoietin/MPL signaling; transcriptional regulation; granule formation, trafficking, and secretion; proplatelet formation; cytoskeleton regulation; and transmembrane glycoprotein signaling are reviewed, and the underlying gene mutations are discussed based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man accession number. Further, the status and prevalence of genetically confirmed IPDs in Korea are explored based on searches of the PubMed and KoreaMed databases. IPDs are congenital bleeding disorders that can be dangerous due to unexpected bleeding and require genetic counseling for family members and descendants. Therefore, the pediatrician should be suspicious and aware of IPDs and perform the appropriate tests if the patient has unexpected bleeding. However, all IPDs are extremely rare; thus, the domestic incidences of IPDs are unclear and their diagnosis is difficult. Diagnostic confirmation or differential diagnoses of IPDs are challenging, time-consuming, and expensive, and patients are frequently misdiagnosed. Comprehensive molecular characterization and classification of these disorders should enable accurate and precise diagnosis and facilitate improved patient management.

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Ingham, Neil J. y David McAlpine. "Spike-Frequency Adaptation in the Inferior Colliculus". Journal of Neurophysiology 91, n.º 2 (febrero de 2004): 632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00779.2003.

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We investigated spike-frequency adaptation of neurons sensitive to interaural phase disparities (IPDs) in the inferior colliculus (IC) of urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs using a stimulus paradigm designed to exclude the influence of adaptation below the level of binaural integration. The IPD-step stimulus consists of a binaural 3,000-ms tone, in which the first 1,000 ms is held at a neuron's least favorable (“worst”) IPD, adapting out monaural components, before being stepped rapidly to a neuron's most favorable (“best”) IPD for 300 ms. After some variable interval (1–1,000 ms), IPD is again stepped to the best IPD for 300 ms, before being returned to a neuron's worst IPD for the remainder of the stimulus. Exponential decay functions fitted to the response to best-IPD steps revealed an average adaptation time constant of 52.9 ± 26.4 ms. Recovery from adaptation to best IPD steps showed an average time constant of 225.5 ± 210.2 ms. Recovery time constants were not correlated with adaptation time constants. During the recovery period, adaptation to a 2nd best-IPD step followed similar kinetics to adaptation during the 1st best-IPD step. The mean adaptation time constant at stimulus onset (at worst IPD) was 34.8 ± 19.7 ms, similar to the 38.4 ± 22.1 ms recorded to contralateral stimulation alone. Individual time constants after stimulus onset were correlated with each other but not with time constants during the best-IPD step. We conclude that such binaurally derived measures of adaptation reflect processes that occur above the level of exclusively monaural pathways, and subsequent to the site of primary binaural interaction.

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Bozzola, Elena, Andrzej Krzysztofiak, Annausa Pantosti, Laura Lancella, Paola Bernaschi, Maria Marchili, Alberto Villani y Luciana Nicolosi. "Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome: Is It Time for a New Vaccine?" Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 14, n.º 01 (2 de enero de 2018): 013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615784.

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AbstractDiseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are mostly preventable infections by current immunization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the heptavalent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) on the burden of pneumococcal disease and on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in the pediatric age over a 5-year study (from January 2008 till December 2012). We observed a decrease in IPD rate in children after PCV13 introduction despite increases in nonvaccine serotype (NVS) rates in 2011. Nevertheless, from 2012, an increase in IPD rates due to non-PCV13 serotypes was observed.

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Li, Pei Yi, Mei Yun Zhang, Zhi Jie Wang y Chun Tao Lin. "A Research on Modification of Paper-Based Functional Polyurethane Material". Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (agosto de 2011): 1186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1186.

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The methods of synthesizing polyurethane (Isophorone diisocyanate IPDI) with paper were investigated. The combination of SEM and IR analysis were used to analyze the chemical and physical characteristics and forming mechanism of the polyurethane derived from paper. The physical of base-paper material improved remarkably on the conditions of dosage of IPD 12%, reaction time 10min and temperature 60°C, facture length elevated by54.4%, folding strength raised by 12.4 times, and wet strength / dry strength was 50.54%.It was found that carbonate bond was formed between IPDI with cellulose in fibers when the paper was treated with IPDI .The treatment can change hydrogen bonds into chemical bonds and enhance the base-paper material’s physical strength. The Hydroxyl of Cellulose and －N=C=O produced the structure of amino formic acid ester, which formed as a bridge between the fibers. The hydrogen combining was transformed to chemical combining, which strengthened the intensity of single fiber and reinforce the combine of fibers. The treatment can change hydrogen bond into chemical bond and improved the paper’s physical strength, especially the wet strength.

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Kaulhausen, Thomas, Kourosh Zarghooni, Gregor Stein, Jutta Knifka, Peer Eysel, Juergen Koebke y Rolf Sobottke. "The Interspinous Spacer: A Clinicoanatomical Investigation Using Plastination". Minimally Invasive Surgery 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/538697.

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Purpose. The relatively new and less-invasive therapeutic alternative “interspinous process decompression device (IPD)” is expected to result in improved symptoms of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) caused by lumbar spinal stenosis. The aim of the study was to analyze IPD position particularly regarding damage originating from surgical implantation.Methods. Anatomic assessments were performed on a fresh human cadaver. For the anatomic examination, the lumbar spine was plastinated after implantation of the IPDs. After radiographic control, serial 4 mm thick sections of the block plastinate were cut in the sagittal (L1–L3) and horizontal (L3–L5) planes. The macroanatomical positioning of the implants was then analyzed. The insertion procedure caused only little injury to osteoligamentous or muscular structures. The supraspinous ligament was completely intact, and the interspinous ligaments were not torn as was initially presupposed. No osseous changes at the spinal processes were apparent. Contact of the IPD with the spinous processes was visible, so that sufficient biomechanical limitation of the spinal extension seems likely.Conclusions. Minimally invasive IPD implantation with accurate positioning in the anterior portion of the interspinous place is possible without severe surgical trauma.

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Moiseff, A. y T. Haresign. "Response of auditory units in the barn owl's inferior colliculus to continuously varying interaural phase differences". Journal of Neurophysiology 67, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1992): 1428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.6.1428.

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1. We studied the response of single units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) of the barn owl (Tyto alba) to continuously varying interaural phase differences (IPDs) and static IPDs. Interaural phase was varied in two ways: continuously, by delivering tones to each ear that varied by a few hertz (binaural beat, Fig. 1), and discretely, by delaying in fixed steps the phase of sound delivered to one ear relative to the other (static phase). Static presentations were repeated at several IPDs to characterize interaural phase sensitivity. 2. Units sensitive to IPDs responded to the binaural beat stimulus over a broad range of delta f(Fig. 4). We selected a 3-Hz delta f for most of our comparative measurements on the basis of constraints imposed by our stimulus generation system and because it allowed us to reduce the influence of responses to stimulus onset and offset (Fig. 3A). 3. Characteristic interaural time or phase sensitivity obtained by the use of the binaural beat stimulus were comparable with those obtained by the use of the static technique (Fig. 5; r2 = 0.93, Fig. 6). 4. The binaural beat stimulus facilitated the measurement of characteristic delay (CD) and characteristic phase (CP) of auditory units. We demonstrated that units in the owl's inferior colliculus (IC) include those that are maximally excited by specific IPDs (CP = 0 or 1.0) as well as those that are maximally suppressed by specific IPDs (CP = 0.5; Figs. 7 and 8). 5. The selectivity of units sensitive to IPD or interaural time difference (ITD) were weakly influenced by interaural intensity difference (IID).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Meyer, Bernhard, Adad Baranto, Frederic Schils, Frederic Collignon, Bjorn Zoega, Leong Tan y Jean-Charles LeHuec. "Percutaneous Interspinous Spacer vs Decompression in Patients with Neurogenic Claudication: An Alternative in Selected Patients?" Neurosurgery 82, n.º 5 (26 de junio de 2017): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx326.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Standalone interspinous process devices (IPDs) to treat degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) have shown ambiguous results in the literature. OBJECTIVE To show that a minimally invasive percutaneous IPD is safe and noninferior to standalone decompressive surgery (SDS) for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with NIC. METHODS A multicenter, international, randomized, controlled trial (RCT) was con- ducted. One hundred sixty-three patients, enrolled at 19 sites, were randomized 1:1 to treatment with IPD or SDS and were followed for 24 mo. RESULTS There was significant improvement in Zurich Claudication Questionnaire physical function, as mean percentage change from baseline, for both the IPD and the SDS groups at 12 mo (primary endpoint) and 24 mo (−32.3 ± 32.1, −37.5 ± 22.8; and −37.9 ± 21.7%, −35.2 ± 22.8, both P < .001). IPD treatment was not significantly noninferior (margin: 10%) to SDS treatment at 12 mo (P = .172) but was significantly noninferior at 24 mo (P = .005). Symptom severity, patient satisfaction, visual analog scale leg pain, and SF-36 improved in both groups over time. IPD showed lower mean surgical time and mean blood loss (24 ± 11 min and 6 ± 11 mL) compared to SDS (70 ± 39 min and 189 ± 148 mL, both P < .001). Reoperations at index level occurred in 18.2% of the patients in the IPD group and in 9.3% in the SDS group. CONCLUSION Confirming 3 recent RCTs, we could show that IPD as well as open decompression achieve similar results in relieving symptoms of NIC in highly selected patients. However, despite some advantages in secondary outcomes, a higher reoperation rate for IPD is confirmed.

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Kim, Geun Sik, Kai Liu, Flynn Carson, Seung Wook Yoon y Meenakshi Padmanathan. "Advanced SiP Packaging Technologies of IPD for Mobile Applications". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (1 de enero de 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp31.

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IPD technology was originally developed as a way to replace bulky discrete passive components, but it¡¯s now gaining popularity in ESD/EMI protection applications, as well as in RF, high-brightness LED silicon sub-mounts, and digital and mixed-signal devices. Already well known as a key enabler of system-in-packages (SiPs), IPDs enable the assembly of increasingly complete and autonomous systems with the integration of diverse electronic functions such as sensors, RF transceivers, MEMS, power amplifiers, power management units, and digital processors. The application area for IPD will continue to evolve, especially as new packaging technology, such as flipchip, 3D stacking, wafer level packaging become available to provide vertical interconnections within the IPD. New applications like silicon interposers will become increasingly significant to the market. Currently the IPD market is being driven primarily by RF or wireless packages and applications including, but not limited to, cell phones, WiFi, GPS, WiMAX, and WiBro. In particular, applications and products in the emerging RF CMOS market that require a low cost, smaller size, and high performance are driving demand. In order to get right products in size and performance, packaging design and technology should be considered in device integration and implemented together in IPD designs. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of electrical and mechanical properties in component and system level design is important. This paper will highlight some of the recent advancements in SiP technology for IPD and integration as well as what is developed to address future technology requirements in IPD SiP solutions. The advantage and applications of SiP solution for IPD will be presented with several examples of IPD products. The design, assembly and packaging challenges and performance characteristics will be also discussed.

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Ikuse, T., R. Habuka, Y. Wakamatsu, T. Nakajima, N. Saitoh, H. Yoshida, B. Chang et al. "Local outbreak of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F caused high morbidity and mortality among children and adults". Epidemiology and Infection 146, n.º 14 (2 de agosto de 2018): 1793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818002133.

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AbstractPneumococcal serotype replacement is an important issue after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in children. After the introduction of 13-valent PCV, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F (Sp12F) have increased in some countries; however, an outbreak of Sp12F has not reported in the post-13-valent PCV era. We experienced a local outbreak of Sp12F during March through May 2016 in Tsuruoka city, Japan after the introduction of 13-valent PCV in 2013. The IPD patients were two children and seven adults, three of whom died with a rapid disease progress. Although the clear transmission route was not determined, eight of the nine patients (89%) had close contact with children, which suggests that transmitted colonisation of Sp12F among children and adults might be the source of transmission. Continuous monitoring of IPDs, along with the determination of pneumococcal serotypes, is warranted in the post–13-valent PCV era. New IPD control strategies may be needed if this fatal outbreak continues to occur.

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Ramhmdani, Seba, Marc Comair, Camilo A. Molina, Daniel M. Sciubba y Ali Bydon. "Coflex interspinous implant placement leading to synovial cyst development: case report". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 29, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2018): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.spine171360.

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Interspinous process devices (IPDs) have been developed as less-invasive alternatives to spinal fusion with the goal of decompressing the spinal canal and preserving segmental motion. IPD implantation is proposed to treat symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis that improve during flexion. Recent indications of IPD include lumbar facet joint syndrome, which is seen in patients with mainly low-back pain. Long-term outcomes in this subset of patients are largely unknown. The authors present a previously unreported complication of coflex (IPD) placement: the development of a large compressive lumbar synovial cyst. A 64-year-old woman underwent IPD implantation (coflex) at L4–5 at an outside hospital for low-back pain that occasionally radiates to the right leg. Postoperatively, her back and right leg pain persisted and worsened. MRI was repeated and showed a new, large synovial cyst at the previously treated level, severely compressing the patient’s cauda equina. Four months later, she underwent removal of the interspinous process implant, bilateral laminectomy, facetectomy, synovial cyst resection, interbody fusion, and stabilization. At the 3-month follow-up, she reported significant back pain improvement with some residual leg pain. This case suggests that facet arthrosis may not be an appropriate indication for placement of coflex.

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Wang, Mingqian, Shuai Cao y Yunliang Wang. "VoNR-IPD: A Novel Timing-Based Network Steganography for Industrial Internet". Security and Communication Networks 2020 (28 de junio de 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846230.

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As the predominant trade secret of manufacturing enterprises, industrial data may be monitored and stolen by competitive adversaries during the transmission via open wireless link. Such information leakage will cause severe economic losses. Hence, a VoNR-IPD covert timing steganography based on 5G network is proposed in this paper, in which VoNR traffic is employed as the steganographic carrier of covert communication in Industrial Internet. Interference of network jitter noise is fully considered and the high-order statistical properties of jittered VoNR interpacket delays (IPDs) are imitated during the modulation of confidential industrial data. Thus, the generated covert VoNR IPDs can possess consistent statistical properties with the normal case in order to improve undetectability. Besides, the synchronization mechanism of steganographic embedding mode is designed to control the embedding density of industrial data flexibly. The experimental results show that our scheme can resist statistical-based detections and the network noise effectively, which outperforms the existing methods in terms of undetectability and robustness.

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Lu, Chun-Yi, Chuen-Sheue Chiang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, En-Tzu Wang, Ying-Yan Chen, Shu-Man Yao, Luan-Yin Chang, Li-Min Huang, Tzou-Yien Lin y Jih-Haw Chou. "Successful Control of Streptococcus pneumoniae 19A Replacement With a Catch-up Primary Vaccination Program in Taiwan". Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, n.º 9 (28 de marzo de 2019): 1581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1127.

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Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in Taiwan mostly occur in children aged 2–4 years. Because of a significant increase in the incidence of serotype 19A-related infections, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was initially introduced in the national immunization program for children 2–5 years of age, prior to the national programs for infants. We have assessed the impact of such vaccination programs in reducing the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Taiwanese children. Methods We analyzed the national data on IPDs from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control between 2008 and 2017. We calculated the incidence rates of IPD and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) between years for different serotypes to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccination programs. Results The national catch-up primary vaccination schedule successfully reduced the incidence rate of IPD from 17.8/100 000 in 2012 to 5.5/100 000 in 2017 among children aged 0–5 years. The IRR (2017 over 2012) was 0.31, corresponding to a 69% reduction. A modest herd effect was also observed, with a 37% reduction in the incidence of IPD in elderly people (≥70 years) from 2012 to 2017. The incidence of IPD caused by serotype 19A in children aged 0–5 years was reduced by 32.6–44.3% yearly from 2012 to 2017. In 2015, serogroup 15 outnumbered 19A, to become the leading serotypes in children 0–5 years old. Conclusions Special catch-up vaccination programs starting from children 2–5 years of age with PCV13 have been highly effective in reducing the incidence of IPD, especially as caused by serotype 19A, in Taiwanese children.

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Freson, Kathleen. "Clinical Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Novel Platelet Disorders". Blood 128, n.º 22 (2 de diciembre de 2016): SCI—38—SCI—38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.sci-38.sci-38.

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Abstract Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders with a complex genetic etiology, characterized by impairments in platelet formation, morphology and function. Since the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) in 2009, the gene list for diagnosis of IPDs rapidly expanded from 39 to 53 genes. A diagnostic high-throughput targeted NGS platform (referred to as ThromboGenomics; www.thrombogenomics.org.uk) was very recently described as an affordable DNA-based test of 76 genes to diagnose patients 'suspected of having a known inherited platelet, thrombotic or bleeding disorder' (BPD). When the phenotype is strongly indicative of the presence of a particular disease etiology but the variants are unknown, sensitivity remains high (>90% based on 61 samples) while patients included with an uncertain disease such as delta storage pool disease, mostly receive no genetic diagnosis (only 10% a genetic diagnosis was obtained). Such IPDs should be included in gene discovery NGS programs such as the BRIDGE-BPD2 study. For this study, whole genome sequencing results of the DNA samples of nearly 1000 probands with uncharacterized IPDs, analyzed using assigned Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms have helped to identify pathogenic variants in almost 20% of cases. New clustering algorithms to group cases with similar phenotypes have been used to identify two novel IPD genes (DIAPH1 and SRC2) and several putative ones. Still many IPD patients don't receive a genetic diagnosis. A majority of cases either harbor pathogenic variants in unknown genes or in regulatory regions or are the result of a digenic mode of inheritance. NGS combined with data from RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, gene regulatory network analysis, epigenome, proteomics and mouse knock-out studies amongst others will also help explore the non-coding regulatory space and gene-gene interactions. Given the existence of many non-pathogenic variants in any individual's genome, the main challenge faced by researchers when interpreting NGS data of an IPD case is determining which variants are causing the disorder.3Interpreting the functional consequences of novel rare variants is not easy and it is extremely important to apply rigorous standards when assigning pathogenicity. Clinical genomic data are the same as other complex medical data and should be interpreted by a multidisciplinary team comprising typically a statistical geneticist, clinical geneticist, and genetic counselors, who have the skills to interpret these results in the context of the test methodology, the theoretical background of genetics, Bayesian reasoning, and a myriad of other factors. 1. Simeoni I, Stephens JC, Hu F, et al. A comprehensive high-throughput sequencing test for the diagnosis of inherited bleeding, thrombotic and platelet disorders. Blood. 2016; 127: 279. 2. Turro E, Greene D, Wijgaerts A, et al. A dominant gain-of-function mutation in universal tyrosine kinase SRC causes thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis, bleeding, and bone pathologies. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:328. 3. Lentaigne C, Freson K, Laffan MA, et al. Inherited platelet disorders: towards DNA-based diagnosis. Blood. 2016; 127: 2814. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Sadlier, C., Sarah O’Connell, M. Kelleher y C. Bergin. "Incidence and risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-positive individuals in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy". International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, n.º 5 (4 de febrero de 2019): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418817034.

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Invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals despite the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and availability of pneumococcal vaccines. The aim of this study was to measure temporal trends in incidence and risk factors for IPD (defined as culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or both) in a cohort of HIV-positive patients attending an ambulatory HIV care centre in Dublin, Ireland over a 10-year period 2006–2015. Incidence of IPD was determined as events per 100,000 person-years’ follow-up. Poisson regression was used to assess linear trend in incidence over time. A nested case–control study (four controls per case) was undertaken to assess risk factors for IPD. Forty-seven episodes of IPD were identified in 42 HIV-positive individuals (median [IQR] age 38 years [33–43], 69% male, 86% injecting drug users (IDUs), median CD4 T-cell count 213 cells/mm3) over 16,008 person-years’ follow-up (overall incidence rate 293/100,000 person-years). Three patients had two episodes and one patient had three episodes of IPD during the study period. The overall case fatality rate was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4–24%). The incidence of IPD per 100,000 person-years decreased from 728 (95% CI, 455–1002), to 242 (95% CI, 120–365) to 82 (95% CI, 40–154) in calendar periods 2006–2008, 2009–2012 and 2013–2015, respectively (p < 0.01 for linear trend). Older age (p = 0.02), male gender (p = 0.05), detectable HIV viral load (p < 0.01) and non-receipt of pneumococcal vaccine (p = 0.03) were associated with IPD while IDU as risk of acquisition of HIV was of borderline significance (p = 0.06). HIV-positive individuals remain at greater risk of IPD compared to the general population. Pneumococcal vaccine should be seen as a priority to ensure optimal protection for HIV-positive patients.

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Lee, Robert H., Raymond Piatt, Ankita Dhenge, María L. Lozano, Verónica Palma-Barqueros, José Rivera y Wolfgang Bergmeier. "Impaired hemostatic activity of healthy transfused platelets in inherited and acquired platelet disorders: Mechanisms and implications". Science Translational Medicine 11, n.º 522 (11 de diciembre de 2019): eaay0203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0203.

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Platelet transfusions can fail to prevent bleeding in patients with inherited platelet function disorders (IPDs), such as Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT; integrin αIIbβ3 dysfunction), Bernard-Soulier syndrome [BSS; glycoprotein (GP) Ib/V/IX dysfunction], and the more recently identified nonsyndromic RASGRP2 variants. Here, we used IPD mouse models and real-time imaging of hemostatic plug formation to investigate whether dysfunctional platelets impair the hemostatic function of healthy donor [wild-type (WT)] platelets. In Rasgrp2−/− mice or mice with platelet-specific deficiency in the integrin adaptor protein TALIN1 (“GT-like”), WT platelet transfusion was ineffective unless the ratio between mutant and WT platelets was ~2:1. In contrast, thrombocytopenic mice or mice lacking the extracellular domain of GPIbα (“BSS-like”) required very few transfused WT platelets to normalize hemostasis. Both Rasgrp2−/− and GT-like, but not BSS-like, platelets effectively localized to the injury site. Mechanistic studies identified at least two mechanisms of interference by dysfunctional platelets in IPDs: (i) delayed adhesion of WT donor platelets due to reduced access to GPIbα ligands exposed at sites of vascular injury and (ii) impaired consolidation of the hemostatic plug. We also investigated the hemostatic activity of transfused platelets in the setting of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), an acquired platelet function disorder (APD). “DAPT” platelets did not prolong the time to initial hemostasis, but plugs were unstable and frequent rebleeding was observed. Thus, we propose that the endogenous platelet count and the ratio of transfused versus endogenous platelets should be considered when treating select IPD and APD patients with platelet transfusions.

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Lentaigne, Claire, Kathleen Freson, Michael A. Laffan, Ernest Turro y Willem H. Ouwehand. "Inherited platelet disorders: toward DNA-based diagnosis". Blood 127, n.º 23 (9 de junio de 2016): 2814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-03-378588.

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Abstract Variations in platelet number, volume, and function are largely genetically controlled, and many loci associated with platelet traits have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs).1 The genome also contains a large number of rare variants, of which a tiny fraction underlies the inherited diseases of humans. Research over the last 3 decades has led to the discovery of 51 genes harboring variants responsible for inherited platelet disorders (IPDs). However, the majority of patients with an IPD still do not receive a molecular diagnosis. Alongside the scientific interest, molecular or genetic diagnosis is important for patients. There is increasing recognition that a number of IPDs are associated with severe pathologies, including an increased risk of malignancy, and a definitive diagnosis can inform prognosis and care. In this review, we give an overview of these disorders grouped according to their effect on platelet biology and their clinical characteristics. We also discuss the challenge of identifying candidate genes and causal variants therein, how IPDs have been historically diagnosed, and how this is changing with the introduction of high-throughput sequencing. Finally, we describe how integration of large genomic, epigenomic, and phenotypic datasets, including whole genome sequencing data, GWASs, epigenomic profiling, protein–protein interaction networks, and standardized clinical phenotype coding, will drive the discovery of novel mechanisms of disease in the near future to improve patient diagnosis and management.

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Rennies, Jan, Anna Warzybok, Thomas Brand y Birger Kollmeier. "Measurement and Prediction of Binaural-Temporal Integration of Speech Reflections". Trends in Hearing 23 (enero de 2019): 233121651985426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519854267.

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For speech intelligibility in rooms, the temporal integration of speech reflections is typically modeled by separating the room impulse response (RIR) into an early (assumed beneficial for speech intelligibility) and a late part (assumed detrimental). This concept was challenged in this study by employing binaural RIRs with systematically varied interaural phase differences (IPDs) and amplitude of the direct sound and a variable number of reflections delayed by up to 200 ms. Speech recognition thresholds in stationary noise were measured in normal-hearing listeners for 86 conditions. The data showed that direct sound and one or several early speech reflections could be perfectly integrated when they had the same IPD. Early reflections with the same IPD as the noise (but not as the direct sound) could not be perfectly integrated with the direct sound. All conditions in which the dominant speech information was within the early RIR components could be well predicted by a binaural speech intelligibility model using classic early/late separation. In contrast, when amplitude or IPD favored late RIR components, listeners appeared to be capable of focusing on these components rather than on the precedent direct sound. This could not be modeled by an early/late separation window but required a temporal integration window that can be flexibly shifted along the RIR.

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Ivarsson, C., Y. De Ribaupierre y F. De Ribaupierre. "Influence of auditory localization cues on neuronal activity in the auditory thalamus of the cat". Journal of Neurophysiology 59, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1988): 586–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.2.586.

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1. The response properties of auditory thalamic neurons to the two major localization cues characterizing the azimuth of sound sources in the horizontal plane were investigated in cats. Single-unit responses to auditory stimuli (white noise and tones) presented with interaural phase differences (IPD) or interaural intensity differences (IID) were studied. 2. The proportion of neurons in the medial geniculate body that were sensitive to the localization cues tested was 28% for IPD (n = 253) and 37% for IID (n = 65). Half of the IID-sensitive units were also sensitive to IPD, but when the range of IPDs and IIDs to which each unit responded was converted to the sound-source locations that would generate those ranges they did not always correspond to overlapping azimuth angles. 3. The changes in discharge rate in response to the two localization cues occurred over very broad IPD and IID ranges. If this activity is involved in the representation of acoustic space, then the responses of individual neurons do not provide fine spatial tuning. 4. Contralateral and ipsilateral ear leads were represented in a continuous manner by the maximum discharge rate of IPD-sensitive units. On the other hand, units that were sensitive to IIDs were activated over one of two delimited ranges of IIDs. The first corresponded to IID combinations in which the stimulus was presented at a higher intensity in one ear than in the other (for 15/17 units the contralateral one); these were the lateralized intensity response field units. The second are the centered intensity response field units, whose responses were maximal when the intensity was equal in both ears and decreased when IIDs were introduced.

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Lou, Si Kei, Sarah Keating, Elena Kolomietz y Patrick Shannon. "Diagnostic Utility of Pathological Investigations in Late Gestation Stillbirth: A Cohort Study". Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 23, n.º 2 (23 de julio de 2019): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526619860353.

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Objective Near term unexpected stillbirth is a common, complex diagnostic challenge. We review a large cohort of near term to term gestation unexpected fetal deaths to document the common patterns of pathology and evaluate the utility of various standard autopsy procedures. Methods A total of 123 perinatal autopsies consisting of 94 intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) and 29 intrapartum deaths (IPDs) were reviewed. Deaths were classified according to the laboratory investigations establishing cause of death. Results Cause of death was attributable to placental pathology without autopsy in 55.3% of IUFD and 17% of IPD. Correlative findings at autopsy increased the ability to establish cause of death in 86.2% of IUFD and 62% of IPD. Histology was largely corroborative, with the brain, lungs, and heart demonstrating significant changes in 46%, 34.5%, and 13.8%, respectively. Microbiology was corroborative but demonstrated single organism growth in 6 of 29 cases of fatal acute chorioamnionitis. Newborn metabolic screening revealed only elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in 3 cases, of questionable relevance. Aneuploidy was established by screening molecular studies in 5 IUFDs, all of which had external or visceral dysmorphism. Karyotype was established in 69 cases and was not contributory in any of the IPD: 3 IUFDs had changes of unknown significance. Cause of death was not established at autopsy in 9% of IUFD and 10% of IPD. Discussion This is the largest uniformly investigated cohort of late gestation unexpected fetal deaths studied. We confirm the importance of both placental and fetal autopsy in establishing cause of death. Autopsy histology, microbiology, and cytogenetics provide important but largely corroborative data.

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Dietz, Mathias, Torsten Marquardt, Annette Stange, Michael Pecka, Benedikt Grothe y David McAlpine. "Emphasis of spatial cues in the temporal fine structure during the rising segments of amplitude-modulated sounds II: single-neuron recordings". Journal of Neurophysiology 111, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 2014): 1973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00681.2013.

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Recently, with the use of an amplitude-modulated binaural beat (AMBB), in which sound amplitude and interaural-phase difference (IPD) were modulated with a fixed mutual relationship (Dietz et al. 2013b), we demonstrated that the human auditory system uses interaural timing differences in the temporal fine structure of modulated sounds only during the rising portion of each modulation cycle. However, the degree to which peripheral or central mechanisms contribute to the observed strong dominance of the rising slope remains to be determined. Here, by recording responses of single neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) of anesthetized gerbils and in the inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized guinea pigs to AMBBs, we report a correlation between the position within the amplitude-modulation (AM) cycle generating the maximum response rate and the position at which the instantaneous IPD dominates the total neural response. The IPD during the rising segment dominates the total response in 78% of MSO neurons and 69% of IC neurons, with responses of the remaining neurons predominantly coding the IPD around the modulation maximum. The observed diversity of dominance regions within the AM cycle, especially in the IC, and its comparison with the human behavioral data suggest that only the subpopulation of neurons with rising slope dominance codes the sound-source location in complex listening conditions. A comparison of two models to account for the data suggests that emphasis on IPDs during the rising slope of the AM cycle depends on adaptation processes occurring before binaural interaction.

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Hjaltadottir, Hrafnhildur, Hanna Hebelka, Caroline Molinder, Helena Brisby y Adad Baranto. "Axial loading during MRI reveals insufficient effect of percutaneous interspinous implants (Aperius™ PerCLID™) on spinal canal area". European Spine Journal 29, n.º 1 (4 de octubre de 2019): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-019-06159-y.

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Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect on the spinal canal at the treated and adjacent level(s), in patients treated for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with percutaneous interspinous process device (IPD) Aperius™ or open decompressive surgery (ODS), using axial loading of the spine during MRI (alMRI). Materials Nineteen LSS patients (mean age 67 years, range 49–78) treated with IPDs in 29 spine levels and 13 LSS patients (mean age 63 years, range 46–76) operated with ODS in 22 spine levels were examined with alMRI pre- and 3 months postoperatively. Radiological effects were evaluated by measuring the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCSA) and by morphological grading of nerve root affection. Results For the IPD group, no DSCSA increase was observed at the operated level (p = 0.42); however, a decrease was observed in adjacent levels (p = 0.05). No effect was seen regarding morphological grading (operated level: p = 0.71/adjacent level: p = 0.94). For the ODS group, beneficial effects were seen for the operated level, both regarding DSCSA (p < 0.001) and for morphological grading (p < 0.0001). No changes were seen for adjacent levels (DSCSA; p = 0.47/morphological grading: p = 0.95). Postoperatively, a significant difference between the groups existed at the operated level regarding both evaluated parameters (p < 0.003). Conclusions With the spine imaged in an axial loaded position, no significant radiological effects of an IPD could be detected postoperatively at the treated level, while increased DSCSA was displayed for the ODS group. In addition, reduced DSCSA in adjacent levels was detected for the IPD group. Thus, the beneficial effects of IPD implants on the spinal canal must be questioned. Graphic abstract These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

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Rojas, Mariana A., Lorenzo Marini, Paola Russo, Vittorio Blardi, Patrick R. Schmidlin y Andrea Pilloni. "Clinical Pilot Series of Non-Self-Contained Periodontal Infrabony Defects Treated with a Slowly Resorbable Bovine Pericardium Membrane in Combination with Low-Temperature-Treated Decellularized Bovine Bone Particles". Dentistry Journal 9, n.º 10 (26 de septiembre de 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9100110.

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The aim of this case series was to present the clinical outcomes of non-contained intrabony periodontal defects (IPDs) treated by means of papillary preservation flaps in association with a slowly resorbable bovine pericardium membrane (BPM) and a low-temperature-treated bovine bone graft (BBG). Eight healthy, non-smoking patients (two males and six females, mean age 48 ± 8 years) with stage 3 periodontitis and at least one site with residual probing depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm associated with a non-contained IPD ≥ 3 mm were treated. Two weeks after surgery, no adverse events were observed, and an early wound healing score (EHS) of 8.1 ± 1.0 was recorded. After 1 year, the mean probing depth (PD) reduction and mean clinical attachment level gain (CAL-gain) accounted for 4.8 ± 0.7 and 3.5 ± 0.7 mm, respectively, whereas the mean gingival recession (REC) was of 1.2 ± 0.3 mm. Radiographic bone fill was observed in all cases. In conclusion, the treatment of non-contained IPDs with a slowly resorbable BPM and a low-temperature-treated BBG could be considered safe and may result in significant clinical improvements 1 year after surgery.

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Li, Cheng-Yu, Mao-Yu Chen, Chen-Nen Chang y Jiun-Lin Yan. "Three-Dimensional Volumetric Changes and Clinical Outcomes after Decompression with DIAM™ Implantation in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Diseases". Medicina 56, n.º 12 (21 de diciembre de 2020): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120723.

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Background and objectives: The prevalence of degenerative lumbar spine diseases has increased. In addition to standard lumbar decompression and/or fusion techniques, implantation of interspinous process devices (IPDs) can provide clinical benefits in highly selected patients. However, changes in spinal structures after IPD implantation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have rarely been discussed. This volumetric study aimed to evaluate the effect of IPD implantation on the intervertebral disc and foramen using three-dimensional assessment. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with lumbar degenerative disc diseases treated with IPD implantation and foraminotomy and/or discectomy between January 2016 and December 2019. The mean follow-up period was 13.6 months. The perioperative lumbar MRI data were processed for 3D-volumetric analysis. Clinical outcomes, including the Prolo scale and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and radiographic outcomes, such as the disc height, foraminal area, and translation, were analyzed. Results: Fifty patients were included in our study. At the one-year follow-up, the VAS and Prolo scale scores significantly improved (both p < 0.001). The disc height and foraminal area on radiographs also increased significantly, but with limited effects up to three months postoperatively. MRI revealed an increased postoperative disc height with a mean difference of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm (p < 0.001). Although the mean disc volume difference did not significantly increase, the mean foraminal volume difference was 0.4 ± 0.16 mm3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In select patients with degenerative disc diseases or lumbar spinal stenosis, the intervertebral foramen was enlarged, and disc loading was reduced after IPD implantation with decompression surgery. The 3D findings were compatible with the clinical benefits.

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Alexandre, Alberto, Andrea Maria Alexandre, Mario De Pretto, Luca Corò y Raul Saggini. "One-Year Follow-Up of a Series of 100 Patients Treated for Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis by Means of HeliFix Interspinous Process Decompression Device". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/176936.

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Purpose.New interspinous process decompression devices (IPDs) provide an alternative to conservative treatment and decompressive surgery for patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) due to degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). HeliFix is a minimally invasive IPD that can be implanted percutaneously. This is a preliminary evaluation of safety and effectiveness of this IPD up to 12 months after implantation.Methods.After percutaneous implantation in 100 patients with NIC due to DLSS, data on symptoms, quality of life, pain, and use of pain medication were obtained for up to 12 months.Results.Early symptoms and physical function improvements were maintained for up to 12 months. Leg, buttock/groin, and back pain were eased throughout, and the use and strength of related pain medication were reduced. Devices were removed from 2% of patients due to lack of effectiveness.Conclusions.Overall, in a period of up to 12-month follow-up, the safety and effectiveness of the HeliFix offered a minimally invasive option for the relief of NIC complaints in a high proportion of patients. Further studies are undertaken in order to provide insight on outcomes and effectiveness compared to other decompression methods and to develop guidance on optimal patient selection.

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Gazzeri, Roberto, Marcelo Galarza, Massimiliano Neroni, Claudio Fiore, Andrea Faiola, Fabrizio Puzzilli, Giorgio Callovini y Alex Alfieri. "Failure rates and complications of interspinous process decompression devices: a European multicenter study". Neurosurgical Focus 39, n.º 4 (octubre de 2015): E14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.7.focus15244.

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OBJECT Spacers placed between the lumbar spinous processes represent a promising surgical treatment alternative for a variety of spinal pathologies. They provide an unloading distractive force to the stenotic motion segment, restoring foraminal height, and have the potential to relieve symptoms of degenerative disc disease. The authors performed a retrospective, multicenter nonrandomized study consisting of 1108 patients to evaluate implant survival and failure modes after the implantation of 8 different interspinous process devices (IPDs). METHODS The medical records of patients who had undergone placement of an IPD were retrospectively evaluated, and demographic information, diagnosis, and preoperative pain levels were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments in the patients were based on the visual analog scale. A minimum of 3 years after IPD placement, information on long-term outcomes was obtained from additional follow-up or from patient medical and radiological records. RESULTS One thousand one hundred eight patients affected by symptomatic 1- or 2-level segmental lumbar spine degenerative disease underwent placement of an IPD. The complication rate was 7.8%. There were 27 fractures of the spinous process and 23 dura mater tears with CSF leakage. The ultimate failure rate requiring additional surgery was 9.6%. The reasons for revision, which always involved removal of the original implant, were acute worsening of low-back pain or lack of improvement (45 cases), recurrence of symptoms after an initial good outcome (42 cases), and implant dislocation (20 cases). CONCLUSIONS The IPD is not a substitute for a more invasive 3-column fusion procedure in cases of major instability and spondylolisthesis. Overdistraction, poor bone density, and poor patient selection may all be factors in the development of complications. Preoperatively, careful attention should be paid to bone density, appropriate implant size, and optimal patient selection.

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Janca, A., A. Loranger y N. Sartorius. "IPDE status". European Psychiatry 11 (enero de 1996): 216s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)88631-7.

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Mikecz, Dániel. "Kreatív ipar". Információs Társadalom 8, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2008): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.22503/inftars.viii.2008.4.18.

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