Artículos de revistas: "Italic peoples"

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Fabbri, Giampietro. "Sabus and Vacuna: Proto-Scythian Eponyms in Ancient Italic Peoples". Annals of Global History 2, n.º 2 (2020): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0202005.

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Stoffle, Richard W., Kathleen A. Van Vlack, Heather H. Lim, Alannah Bell y Landon Yarrington. "Breaking the Clovis glass ceiling: Native American oral history of the Pleistocene". AIMS Geosciences 10, n.º 3 (2024): 436–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2024023.

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<abstract> This is a data-based analysis of how Native American interpretations of their distant past are being considered reflecting new science findings. A key science understanding developed over the past 75 years has been that Native people did not occupy North America (or any place in the so-called New World) longer than 12,000 years before present (BP), thus they could neither have experienced nor understood any event in the late Pleistocene interglacial period (128,000 BP to 11,700 BP). As called in this analysis, the <italic>Clovis glass ceiling</italic> references the popular use of Clovis spear points to represent the earliest signs of humans in North America with dates generally later than 12,000 BP. This analysis engaged with recent science findings that Native people were present in North America up to 40,000 years ago. Opening the science limits of Native presence affords a reinterpretation of the past using extant Native interpretations. As an example, Salt Spring near Death Valley is a component of an ancient Pleistocene heritage landscape that can be reconstructed using geology and Native American interpretations. Native American perspectives were derived from 404 ethnographic interviews with Numic speaking peoples, focused on 24 ancient springs near Death Valley, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada. </abstract>

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Molinari, Nicholas J. "A New Overstrike from Abakainon". KOINON: The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies 6 (14 de diciembre de 2023): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/k.v6i.2340.

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This brief essay presents evidence for a new overstrike from Abakainon on an undertype from Messana. The coin is a bronze hemilitron weighing 9.60g and measuring 21.5mm. It dates to the period of the so-called ‘federal’ coinage of the Symmachcia, when the Greek and Italic peoples aligned with Timoleon against the Carthaginians, c. 343 to 339 BC. The obverse features the head of the nymph Sikelia to right within a dotted border. There are no known variations of the obverse type. The reverse of these coins features the forepart of Acheloios (of the Helikon) to right, with one of three arrangements of the ABAKAININΩN inscription. The weights of these coins vary considerably—from c. 7.90 to c. 13.57g, but all are considered the same denomination, the hemilitron.

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Samardžić, Gligor. "Notes on the ancient population from the area of 'Dilunto': A few examples from the south of the province Dalmatia". Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 52, n.º 1 (2022): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp52-36021.

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The paper presents data on the population from the south of the province Dalmatia (Dilunto / Stolac). The conquest of the Illyrians and the education in the province of Dalmatia led not only to territorial but to ethnic changes as well. As shown by the epigraph statues from the valley of the Bregava (Dilunto / Stolac), the locals, during the Roman rule, lived together with the Romans who came to the area (cives Romani). A stronger influence of the Roman culture and civilisation, as well as lifestyle, was mostly pronounced by the Italic peoples, as highly significant contributors. They brought with themselves all the achievements of the Roman civilisation, which influenced the locals in various ways. Epigraph statues, various archeological findings and oral sources shed light to a certain degree on all these facts in the south of the province Dalmatia.

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Sacchetti, Federica. "Funerary practices and sacerdotal rank in pre-Roman northern and central Italy: new data for interpreting the ‘ritual shovel’". Journal of Roman Archaeology 29 (2016): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400072159.

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In Early Iron Age cultures (the Golasecca, Este and Villanovan/Etruscan of the Po valley in the 7th-4th c. B.C.), a characteristic metal object has often been linked to unspecified ritual practices of protohistoric Italic peoples, raising various archaeological, anthropological and religious questions. This object, a ‘ritual shovel’ (Italian: paletta rituale; German: Bronzepalette) was first described by G. Ghirardini, who published two examples, one from Padua and one in Rome's Pigorini Museum. In 1902, he drew up a catalogue of 13 pieces and attempted to establish the first chronological sequence. During the first half of the 19th c., various pieces were published, but no studies addressed the typological, chronological and functional questions relating to the ritual shovel until M. Zuffa focused on it, providing what is still the most recent catalogue and the only discussion (fig. 1).

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Heuer, Keely. "Tenacious Tendrils: Replicating Nature in South Italian Vase Painting". Arts 8, n.º 2 (6 de junio de 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8020071.

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Elaborate floral tendrils are one of the most distinctive iconographic features of South Italian vase painting, the red-figure wares produced by Greek settlers in Magna Graecia and Sicily between ca. 440–300 B.C. They were a particular specialty of Apulian artisans and were later adopted by painters living in Paestum and Etruria. This lush vegetation is a stark contrast to the relatively meager interest of Archaic and Classical Athenian vase painters in mimetically depicting elements of the natural world. First appearing in the work of the Iliupersis Painter around 370 B.C., similar flowering vines appear in other contemporary media ranging from gold jewelry to pebble mosaics, perhaps influenced by the career of Pausias of Sicyon, who is credited in ancient sources with developing the art of flower painting. Through analysis of the types of flora depicted and the figures that inhabit these lush vegetal designs, this paper explores the blossoming tendrils on South Italian vases as an evocation of nature’s regenerative powers in the eschatological beliefs of peoples, Greek and Italic alike, occupying southern Italy.

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Mesihović, Salmedin. "Predstave ilirskih ethne u augusteumu u Afrodisiju / Personifications of Illyrian ethne from an Augusteum in Aphrodisias". Journal of BATHINVS Association ACTA ILLYRICA / Godišnjak Udruženja BATHINVS ACTA ILLYRICA Online ISSN 2744-1318, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54524/2490-3930.2018.131.

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The city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias; ) was situated in the continental inland of the Caria region in the south-west of Asia Minor. This town flourished in the Hellenistic period and the time of the Pergamon-Attalid dynasty that ruled Asia Minor from 282 to 133 BC. It was during this period that the city was named after the goddess Aphrodite (Venus in Roman religion) who had a very specific cult image in this city. Aphrodisias got its special symbolic meaning with the establishment of the Principate and the “first amongst the citizens”, Octavian Augustus, who was adopted into the gens Julia. One of the main propaganda elements of the new Augustan regime was a strong reliance on the “Aeneid story” that got its official version with Virgil’s Aeneid. Aeneas was the son of Trojan prince Anchises and Venus, whereas in Roman-Italic tradition, his son Ascanius/Iulus is considered to be an eponymous founder of the gens Julia. By advocating the “Aeneid story”, Augustus gave an emphasis to his divine origin, and Venus/Aphrodite became a deity of “special importance” for the new system. Aphrodisias was a city with many monumental facilities and buildings, statues and reliefs. The quality and amount of marble which the citizens and craftsmen in Aphrodisias had at their disposal resulted in a large number of inscriptions. Approximately 2000 epigraphic monuments have been discovered up to this point, the majority being from the Principate. Some of the monumental buildings of Aphrodisias are: 1. The temple of Aphrodite, the focal point of the entire city, transformed into a Christian basilica in Late Antiquity 2. Monumental tetrapylon 3. Bouleuterion ( ) or odeon 4. Stadium 5. Augusteum (Sebasteion, on the Greek east) containing personi- fied representations of Illyrian peoples and communities on relief The reliefs on Augusteum show the images of Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius and young Nero. The complex itself is dedicated to “To Aphrodite, the Divine Augusti and the People”. Originally it contained 190 reliefs. Iconography and reliefs can be organized into four groups divided into top and bottom lines of southern and northern temple portico: I Southern portico: the top line contained the personification of principes and deities; the bottom line contained images of old Hellenic mythology. II Northern portico: the top line contained allegories (and perhaps principes); the bottom line contained a series of ethne, i.e. the images of peoples. Each ethne was represented by a personified relief statue on a decorated base with an inscription. Relief statues were always in the form of a dressed standing girl. To this point, four statues and inscriptions have been identified for four peoples from the Illyrian territory: the Iapodes, Andizetes, Pirustae and Dardani. All four of these Illyrian peoples are mentioned by well-known and accessible source materials as the communities who were subdued by the armies commanded by Octavian Augustus after rebelling. A large number of sculptures or parts of the sculptures has not been ethnonymically identified with certainty due to damage and material fragmentation. Thus, we can assume that they hold hidden personifications or at least parts of personifications of other Illyrian peoples. The western part contained personifications of Illyrian peoples, and judging by their arrangement, peoples from the western Balkans may have been located somewhere in the vicinity.

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Acconcia, Valeria. "Superare il guado. Riflessioni su archeologia, storia sociale e modelli di autorappresentazione delle disparità: alcuni esempi dalle comunità antiche e moderne". Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 6 (11 de febrero de 2022): 125–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/vol6isspp125-157.

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Starting from personal observations about contemporary expressions of gender / age / status-based exclusion and disparity, the paper aims at synthetizing the most relevant theoretical issues about possible ways of self-representation in “traditional” and ancient societies, through the analysis of case-studies from pre-roman communities in Central Italy, focusing on the role of the individuals, as they emerge mainly from the funerary record. After a brief review of the research history, the paper analyses the differences between the Middle-Thryrrenian peoples (as Etruscans, Faliscans and Latins) and those settled along the Middle-Adriatic coast. The formers are characterized by princely burial habits, which probably reflect the role of exceptionally rich individuals (both males and females); on the other hand, in the “Italic” regions of Abruzzo and Molise, the archaic communities seem to be organized on an egalitarian basis and with a lower visibility for adult women, although this may reflect a “contrastive” intent, emphasizing the differences with the wealthy Tyrrhenian lifestyle. Then, the paper outlines cases of inequality and abuse from the Veneto region and from Etruria and Latium vetus, connecting them also to the phenomenon of ancient and modern slavery and evidencing the impact of individual suffering as a possible incentive towards social change.

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Akmal, Suci Chairiya, Rima Semiarty y Gayatri Gayatri. "Hubungan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Skabies Di Pondok Pendidikan Islam Darul Ulum, Palarik Air Pacah, Kecamatan Koto Tangah Padang Tahun 2013". Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 2, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v2i3.159.

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AbstrakPada tahun 2010, penyakit kulit infeksi termasuk 10 penyakit terbanyak di Sumatera Barat dengan 106.568 kasus. Di kota Padang, penyakit kulit infeksi merupakan penyakit nomor dua ternyak dengan 24.058 kasus baru dan 13.148 kasus lama. Kasus infeksi kulit banyak ditemukan di daerah Air Dingin dengan 1781 kasus pada tahun 2010. Skabies merupakan infeksi parasit pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh Sarcoptes Scabei var Hominis. Personal hygiene diduga berperan terhadap skabies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian skabies di Pondok Pendidikan Islam Darul Ulum, Palarik, Air Pacah, Padang. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuisioner dan wawancara observasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh santri yang bersedia menjadi responden dan hadir pada saat penelitian yaitu 138 orang. Analisis statistik yang dgunakan adalah Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi skabies di Pondok Pendidikan Islam Darul Ulum, Palarik, Air Pacah, Padang adalah 34 orang (24,6%) dari 138 orang. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa kejadian skabies mempunyai hubungan dengan personal hygiene (P=0,00). Disarankan untuk dilakukan penyuluhan yang bekerja sama dengan dokter puskesmas tentang bagaimana cara pola hidup bersih dan sehat dan menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Kata kunci: Personal hygiene, SkabiesAbstractArial 9 italic In 2010, infectious skin diseases including 10 most diseases in West Sumatra with 106.568 incident cases. Infectious skin disease in the city of Padang is the second disease ever, that 24.058 new cases and 13.148 old cases. Cases of scabies in the city of Padang is found in Air Dingin with the number 1781 cases in 2010. Scabies is a parasitic infection of the skin caused by Sarcoptes Scabei var Hominis. Personal hygiene is suspected to contribute to the incidence of scabies. This study aimed to determine the relationship of personal hygiene with the incidence of scabies in students at boarding Darul Ulum Islamic Education, Palarik, Air Pacah, Padang. Design research is an analytic cross sectional observational study using questionnaires and interviews. The population in this study were all students who are willing to respondents and was present at the time of the study that is 138 peoples. Statistical analysis using Chi-Square. The results showed that the prevalence of scabies in boarding Darul Ulum Islamic Education, Palarik, Air Pacah is 34 peoples (24,6%) from 138 peoples. Based on the results of the statistical Chi-Square test showed that the incidence of scabies is related to personal hygiene (P=0,00). It is advisable to do outreach work with doctors clinic on how to clean and healthy lifestyle, and apply them in everyday life.Keywords: Personal hygiene, Scabies

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Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel, Carolina Cornejo-Mella, Camila Cáceres-Aravena, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, Paz Fernández-Valero y Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz. "Relationship between appendicular muscular mass index and physical function in older people". AIMS Public Health 11, n.º 1 (2024): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2024006.

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<abstract> This study aimed to establish the relationship between the appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI), assessed from anthropometric variables, and the physical function of older people. Seventy-six older people participated in this study (72.03 ± 7.03 years). The participants underwent evaluations to determine their AMMI using anthropometry (weight, calf circumference, hip circumference, and knee height) and manual grip strength. Additionally, their physical function was evaluated using the 5-chair stand test, the 3-meter walk test, and the timed up and go test (TUG) to determine the strength of the lower limbs, the gait speed, and the dynamic balance, respectively. The results show that the AMMI did not present a significant relationship with the 5-chair stand test in both women (<italic>r</italic> = -0.135; <italic>p</italic> = 0.204) and men (<italic>r</italic> = -0.067; <italic>p</italic> = 0.349). The AMMI was moderately correlated with the gait speed in both women (<italic>r</italic> = 0.542; <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and men (<italic>r</italic> = 0.556; <italic>p</italic> < 0.001). Finally, a statistical significance was observed in the relationship between the AMMI and the TUG test in women (<italic>r</italic> = -0.273; <italic>p</italic> = 0.047) and older men evaluated in this study (<italic>r</italic> = -0.284; <italic>p</italic> = 0.042). In conclusion, there is a relationship between the AMMI and both the dynamic balance and the gait speed. Therefore, the AMMI emerges as a potential public health assessment by enabling the clinical quantification of muscle mass and an estimation of physical function in the elderly population. </abstract>

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M. Samardžić, Gligor. "A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE POPULATION FROM THE SOUTH OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA (EXAMPLES FROM THE TREBIŠNJICA VALLEY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS)". SCIENCE International Journal 3, n.º 2 (27 de mayo de 2024): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0302115s.

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By analyzing narrative sources, epigraphic monuments, and various archaeological finds from the south of the Roman province of Dalmatia (the Trebišnjica River valley / eastern Herzegovina), the paper attempts to examine and determine the ethnicity of the population of classical antiquity. The conquest of Illyricum (during the wars fought from the 3rd century BC until the beginning of the 1st century AD) and the education of the population in the province of Dalmatia (believed to have started in AD 7/8 until the end of AD 9), lead to territorial and ethnic changes. Roman citizens (cives Romani) settled in the valley of the Trebišnjica River and lived there along with the local population (peregrini). The Italic peoples mostly contributed to the penetration of the Roman culture, civilization, and Roman way of life in this region. They brought the remains of the Roman civilization with them, which influenced the local population in different ways. Epigraphic monuments and diverse archaeological finds reveal these processes in the south of the province of Dalmatia. The analysis will attempt to reconstruct the ethnic image of the population living in the south of the province of Dalmatia. The analysis of epigraphic monuments will reveal whether foreigners or locals were the dominant factor in this region. Moreover, the analysis of material facts will suggest when the process of Romanization in this region began and how long it lasted. The Romanization process in the south of the Roman province of Dalmatia implied granting citizen rights under certain emperors. Members of higher social strata of a community (civitas) were granted civil rights. Today we can trace the Romanization process only indirectly through onomastics of the local population using epigraphic monuments. The results obtained through the analysis of epigraphic monuments and different archaeological finds will show which areas in the south of the province of Dalmatia maintained their local ethnic characteristics during the Roman period, and which succumbed to Romanization, which was best recorded again by onomastics.

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Iizuka, Yoichi, Haku Iizuka, Tokue Mieda, Daisuke Tsunoda, Tsuyoshi Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Tajika, Atsushi Yamamoto y Kenji Takagishi. "Prevalence of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Its Associated Factors among Middle-Aged and Elderly People: An Analysis Based on Data from a Musculoskeletal Examination in Japan". Asian Spine Journal 11, n.º 6 (31 de diciembre de 2017): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2017.11.6.989.

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<sec><title>Study Design</title>A cross-sectional study.</sec><sec><title>Purpose</title>To clarify the prevalence of chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) and its associated factors among middle-aged and elderly Japanese individuals using data from a musculoskeletal examination conducted in general Japanese populations.</sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title>Most studies evaluating low back pain-associated factors have been conducted in Western countries, but they have not always evaluated CNSLBP.</sec><sec><title>Methods</title>We obtained data on 213 subjects aged >50 years who responded to a survey regarding age, gender, body mass index, lifestyle-related diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), glucocorticoid use, smoking and alcohol-drinking habits, labor intensity, and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and underwent screening for lumbar spinal stenosis, evaluation for quality of life (QOL), and evaluation for specific spinal pathology via thoracolumbar spine X-rays. We investigated the prevalence of CNSLBP and association between CNSLBP and measured variables.</sec><sec><title>Results</title>The prevalence of CNSLBP and chronic specific low back pain (CSLBP) was 15.4% and 9.3%, respectively. Among the subjects with CLBP, 62.2% had CNSLBP. In age-adjusted logistic models, smoking habits (<italic>p</italic>=0.049, odds ratio [OR]=2.594), low back pain (<italic>p</italic><0.001, OR=0.974), lumbar function (<italic>p</italic>=0.001, OR=0.967), and social function (<italic>p</italic>=0.023, OR=0.976) in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) were significantly associated with CNSLBP, whereas EQ-5D utility score (<italic>p</italic>=0.024, OR=0.068), low back pain (<italic>p</italic>=0.007, OR=0.981), lumbar function (<italic>p</italic>=0.001, OR=0.963), walking ability (<italic>p</italic>=0.001, OR=0.968), and social function (<italic>p</italic>=0.002, OR=0.966) in JOABPEQ were significantly associated with CSLBP.</sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title>CNSLBP among middle-aged and elderly individuals was associated with smoking habits and decreased QOL; however, CSLBP was considered to be more multilaterally associated decreased QOL.</sec>

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Kobayashi, Tetsuro y Hiroshi Nishiura. "Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination. Part 1: Final size comparison between a single dose and double dose". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, n.º 7 (2022): 7374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022348.

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<abstract>In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Japan conducted mass vaccination. Seventy-two million doses of vaccine (i.e., for 36 million people if a double dose is planned per person) were obtained, with initial vaccination of the older population (≡ 65 years). Because of the limited number of vaccines, the government discussed shifting the plan to administering only a single dose so that younger individuals (<65 years) could also be vaccinated with one shot. This study aimed to determine the optimal vaccine distribution strategy using a simple mathematical method. After accounting for age-dependent relative susceptibility after single- and double-dose vaccination (<italic>v</italic>s and <italic>v</italic>d, respectively, compared with unvaccinated), we used the age-dependent transmission model to compute the final size for various patterns of vaccine distributions. Depending on the values of <italic>v</italic>s, the cumulative risk of death would be lower if all 72 million doses were used as a double dose for older people than if a single-dose program was conducted in which half is administered to older people and the other half is administered to adults (i.e., 1,856,000 deaths in the former program and 1,833,000-2,355,000 deaths [depending on the values of <italic>v</italic>s] in the latter). Even if 90% of older people were vaccinated twice and 100% of adults were vaccinated once, the effective reproduction number would be reduced from 2.50 to1.14. Additionally, the cumulative risk of infection would range from 12.0% to 54.6% and there would be 421,000-1,588,000deaths (depending on the values of <italic>v</italic>s). If an epidemic appears only after completing vaccination, vaccination coverage using a single-dose program with widespread vaccination among adults will not outperform a double-dose strategy.</abstract>

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Khathir, Rita, Murna Muzaifa, Yunita y Marai Rahmawati. "Study on the physicochemical and sensory profile of pliek-u: A traditional dried fermented coconut endosperm from Aceh, Indonesia". AIMS Agriculture and Food 8, n.º 2 (2023): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2023028.

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<abstract> <italic>Pliek</italic>-<italic>u</italic> is dried fermented coconut endosperm that has been produced by people in Aceh Province, Indonesia for a long time. It is made by implementing a highly efficient process; thus, we want to conserve this tradition. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and sensory quality of <italic>pliek</italic>-<italic>u</italic>. A survey was conducted in five local markets in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar District. About 12 samples were collected and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The parameters observed were moisture, ash, fat, protein, fiber and carbohydrate contents, as well as pH-value, color and volatile compounds. Three expert panelists were interviewed to document the information about the sensory quality of <italic>pliek</italic>-<italic>u</italic>. Results showed that the quality of <italic>pliek</italic>-<italic>u</italic> highly varied among the processors, as indicated by the distribution of those samples in all quadrants of the principal component analysis (PCA) biplot graph. About two principal components (PCs) were determined and two parameters were excluded i.e., fat and fiber content; PC1 contributed to 34.111% of the variance, with pH value as the most important factor; while PC2 contributed to 24.968% of the variance, with protein content as the most important factor. Interestingly, the volatile compounds of the three best samples selected by panelists were unique and different from the others. Therefore, the sensory quality of <italic>pliek</italic>-<italic>u</italic> should be supported by the physicochemical quality to guarantee the safety of consuming the product. Further studies on determining certain volatile compounds produced during fermentation are recommended. </abstract>

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Tunvongvinis, Tuangrat, Weeyawat Jaitrong, Yudthana Samung, Somboon Tanasupawat y Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun. "Diversity and antimicrobial activity of the tropical ant-derived actinomycetes isolated from Thailand". AIMS Microbiology 10, n.º 1 (2024): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2024005.

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<abstract> Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important global healthcare challenges and is responsible for the mortality of millions of people worldwide every year. It is a crisis attributed to misuse of antibiotics and a lack of new drug development. Actinomycetes constitute a group of Gram-positive bacteria known for their distinctive high guanine-cytosine (G+C) content in their genomic DNA. These microorganisms are widely recognized for their capability to generate a wide range of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. These versatile microorganisms are ubiquitous in diverse ecosystems, including soil, freshwater, marine sediments, and within the bodies of insects. A recent study has demonstrated that social insects, such as ants, host a diverse array of these bacteria. In this study, we involved the isolation and characterization of a total of 72 actinomycete strains obtained from 18 distinct ant species collected from various regions across Thailand. Utilizing 16S rRNA gene analysis, these isolated actinomycetes were classified into four distinct genera: <italic>Amycolatopsis</italic> (2 isolates), <italic>Micromonospora</italic> (1 isolate), <italic>Nocardia</italic> (8 isolates), and <italic>Streptomyces</italic> (61 isolates). Among the <italic>Streptomyces</italic> strains, 23 isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria, including <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> ATCC 6633, <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic> ATCC 12228, <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> ATCC 25923, <italic>Kocuria rhizophila</italic> ATCC 9341, and Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (MRSA) DMST 20646. Additionally, two isolates displayed antifungal activity against <italic>Candida albicans</italic> TISTR 5554. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these two isolates, ODS25 and ODS28, were demonstrated to be closely related to <italic>Streptomyces lusitanus</italic> NBRC 13464T (98.07%) and <italic>Streptomyces haliclonae</italic> DSM 41970T (97.28%), respectively. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity below 98.65% cutoff indicates its potential as a novel actinomycete species. These findings underscore the potential of actinomycetes sourced from ants as a valuable reservoir of novel antimicrobials. </abstract>

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Chakraborty, Ashok y Anil Diwan. "Molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease (NDD)". AIMS Molecular Science 10, n.º 3 (2023): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2023012.

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<abstract> Degenerative nerve diseases affect body's balance, movement, speech, breathing and heart function. Classification of neurodegenerative disorders can be done on the basis of their molecular cause, like abnormal protein aggregation, involved cell death or loss of function of involved cell. Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with aggregation of α-synuclein, while Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with <italic>tau</italic>, amyloid-β42 protein aggregation. TDP-43 aggregation was found in Amyloidosis. Besides, Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD); Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Astrocyte plaque (AP); ALS and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (<italic>APDC</italic>); Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (<italic>ARTAG</italic>); Ballooned neuron (BN); Cerebral age-related TDP-43 with sclerosis (<italic>CARTS</italic>); Corticobasal degeneration (<italic>CBD</italic>); Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (<italic>CTE</italic>); Dementia with Lewy bodies (<italic>DLB</italic>); Dystrophic neuritis (<italic>DN</italic>); Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (<italic>FOSMN</italic>); Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI); globular glial tauopathy (<italic>GGT</italic>); Guadeloupean Parkinsonism (GP); idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (<italic>iRBD</italic>); Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (<italic>LATE</italic>); Lewy bodies (<italic>LB</italic>); Lewy body diseases (<italic>LBD</italic>); Lewy neuritis (<italic>LN</italic>); muscle cells (<italic>MC</italic>); multiple system atrophy (<italic>MSA</italic>); multisystem proteinopathy (<italic>MSP</italic>); Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (<italic>NCI</italic>); neurofibrillary tangles (<italic>NFT</italic>); neuronal intranuclear inclusions (<italic>NII</italic>); neuropil threads (<italic>NPT</italic>); Nodding Syndrome (<italic>NS</italic>); oligodendroglial coiled bodies (<italic>OCB</italic>); oligodendroglial Pick's body-like inclusions (<italic>OPiBLI</italic>); pure autonomic failure (<italic>PAF</italic>); primary age-related tauopathy (<italic>PART</italic>); Pick's bodies (<italic>PiB</italic>); Pick's disease (<italic>PiD</italic>); Primary lateral sclerosis (<italic>PLS</italic>); Progressive muscular atrophy (<italic>PMA</italic>); progressive supranuclear palsy (<italic>PSP</italic>); pretangles (<italic>PT</italic>); tufted astrocyte (<italic>TA</italic>), are several neurodegenerative diseases name according to their involved protein factor(s). The cause may be genetic, may also be sporadic. Alcoholism, pesticides, a tumor, or a stroke are sometimes noticed in the disease background. Sometimes the cause remains totally unknown. Neurodegeneration, till date, cannot be cured. Only some palliative treatments may relieve some of the symptoms but temporarily. Further, some types of NDD could also be fatal. Our focus, in this review, is mainly on AD and PD since they vastly affect millions of people in the world, and occurs when nerve cells lose functional ability and/or die over time. AD and PD, the likelihood of developing the issues rise dramatically with age. Unfortunately, there is no cure at present for them except some palliative measure to give some comfort to the victims. Improvement of our understanding about the cause(s) of neurodegenerative diseases may help to design the new approaches for treatment and prevention of the ailments. In recent days, high-throughput technologies like RNA sequencing, network biology, and Omics data provide insights of all neurodegenerative disease. <sec> <title>Graphical abstract:</title> <fig id="molsci-10-03-012-g003"><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="molsci-10-03-012-g003.tif"/></fig> </sec></abstract>

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Irman, Ifdal. "PERANCANGAN TYPEFACE ITIAK PULANG PATANG". Melayu Arts and Performance Journal 3, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/mapj.v3i1.1338.

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The motif of itiak returns to patang is a sublime cultural heritage of Minangkabau. In Minangkabau society, there are three kinds of carvings that are inspired by nature. seen in the life of the Minangkabau people which still exist and are maintained until now. This idea was then developed into a concept for designing a visual typeface based on the back-to-back carving that has anatomical characters and the construction process is based on the rules in the typeface, so that this adaptation appears in Italic font. From engraved form to phonetic (single letter) its application as a font on a computer. After research and design, these ready-to-use fonts are socialized in the local area, prioritized at the education and government levels, which are used for the benefit of regional heads. The purpose of this design is to discuss and interpret the philosophical meaning contained in the carving, which reflects the life patterns of the Minangkabau people. This phenomenon is poured into the basic idea in creating an invincible typeface with the basic principles of typeface. This research method uses descriptive qualitative to reveal facts and circumstances by presenting what actually happened in the Minangkabau community. The approach used is a semiotic approach. Keywords: font, itiak pulang patang, italics.

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18

Kowalski, Robin M., Kenzie Hurley, Nicholas Deas, Sophie Finnell, Kelly Evans, Chelsea Robbins, Andrew Cook et al. "Protection motivation unmasked: Applying protection motivation theory to skepticism toward COVID-19 mask and vaccine mandates". AIMS Public Health 9, n.º 3 (2022): 506–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2022035.

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<abstract> Variants of COVID-19 have sparked controversy regarding mask and/or vaccine mandates in some sectors of the country. Many people hold polarized opinions about such mandates, and it is uncertain what predicts attitudes towards these protective behavior mandates. Through a snow-ball sampling procedure of respondents on social media platforms, this study examined skepticism of 774 respondents toward these mandates as a function of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) of health. Hierarchical linear regressions examined Protection Motivation (PM) as a predictor of mask and vaccine mandate skepticism independently and with political party affiliation as a control. PM alone accounted for 76% of the variance in mask mandate skepticism, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001 and 65% in vaccine mandate skepticism, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001. When political affiliation was entered (accounting for 28% of the variance in mask mandate skepticism, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001, and 26% in vaccine mandate skepticism, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), PM still accounted for significant percentages of variance in both mask (50%) and vaccine (43%) mandate skepticism, <italic>p</italic>s < 0.001. Across regressions, perceived severity, outcome efficaciousness, and self-efficacy each directly accounted for unique variance in mask and vaccine mandate skepticism, <italic>p</italic>s < 0.001; only perceived vulnerability failed to account for unique variance in the regressions, <italic>p</italic>s > 0.05. Specifically, the more severe participants perceived COVID-19 to be and the greater the perceived efficacy of masks and vaccines preventing the spread of COVID-19, the lower participants' skepticism toward mask and vaccine mandates. Similarly, the higher participants' self-efficacy in wearing masks or receiving the vaccine, the lower their skepticism toward mask and vaccine mandates. </abstract>

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19

Noronha, Ana Paula Porto, Letícia Lovato Dellazzana-Zanon y Cristian Zanon. "Internal Structure of the Characters Strengths Scale in Brazil". Psico-USF 20, n.º 2 (agosto de 2015): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200204.

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The investigation of strengths and virtues is in the spotlight in the field of Positive Psychology because evidence suggests that strengths can help people to cope with adversities. This study aims to evaluate the internal structure of the Characters Strengths Scale (CSS), a test based on Values in Action model, through rigorous factor retention methods. Participants were 426 Brazilian undergraduate students with age between 18 and 57 years (<italic>M</italic> = 23.29, <italic>SD</italic> = 6.67). Factor analysis indicated one factor, which explained 32% of variance, as the most appropriate solution for the 24 strengths. Unidimensionality was suggested by different factor retention methods, what does not corroborate previous international findings and indicate the necessity of additional studies with this scale in different Brazilian populations.

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Song, Jinbao y Xiaoya Zhu. "Research on public opinion guidance of converging media based on AHP and transmission dynamics". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, n.º 5 (2021): 6857–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021341.

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<abstract> In the 5G era, media convergence and technological updates lead to tremendous changes in the dissemination of public opinion information. The guidance of public opinion in the converged media environment is a new research topic. Users participate in the discussion of different media, and flow in and out from different media, which gradually generate a new complex dynamics model of the dissemination of public opinion information. An index system for evaluating the influence of converged media communication that combines the advantages of traditional media and new media is constructed. We use AHP to determine the index weights in the evaluation system and conduct consistency tests. The final weight of each media is determined through the combination of subjective and objective methods, which provides data supports for later determining the participation of various media in the dissemination process of public opinion information. Based on the SIR model, a UCIR (unknown-contact-infected-recovered) dynamic model is established. The simulation results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the UCIR model is 31.6% lower than that of the SIR model. Finally, by fixing the key parameters <italic>α</italic>, <italic>β</italic>, <italic>θ</italic>, <italic>ε</italic>, <italic>p</italic>, <italic>q</italic> in the UCIR model, and changing only one of them, we studied the effect of the transition probability between different states on the process of public opinion information transmission, and then proposed corresponding guidance. In addition, from the two perspectives of network media and government, the countermeasures and suggestions for the guidance of public opinion are proposed. We try to solve the problems of humanities and social sciences with the method of natural science. These research results can provide theoretical and methodological support for people to understand the law of public opinion information transmission and establish a guiding mechanism for public opinion information transmission. </abstract>

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21

Rahimova, Rena. "Relationship between CTLA4, TNF-α and PTPN22 gene polymorphism and the serum levels of antithyroglobulin and antiperoxidase antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis". AIMS Medical Science 10, n.º 1 (2023): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2023002.

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<abstract> Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a chronic inflammatory that involves hyperactivation of the immune system against the thyroid gland, recognizing it as "nonself”. The aim of this research was to identify the relationships between genetic polymorphism in <italic>CTLA4</italic>, <italic>TNF-α</italic> and <italic>PTPN22</italic> genes and the manifestation of AIT and levels of antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG Ab) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab). The study was conducted during 2014–2020 and included 64 men and 106 women aged between 18 and 64 years with AIT. The control group consisted of 65 people (26 men, 39 women, aged between 20 and 65 years) without any thyroid pathologies or other autoimmune diseases. For molecular genetic analysis, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used with fluorescently labeled FAM probes on a detection system CFX96 (BioRad). The results demonstrated that patients with the GG genotype and the G allele of the +49A/G polymorphism in the <italic>CTLA4</italic> gene have significantly higher titers of anti-TG Ab. High titers of anti-TG Ab were detected in 22.4% of patients with the GG genotype (p = 0.005, χ2 = 7.86, OR = 0.237, 95% CI = 0.088–0.635), and in 55.6% of patients with the G allele (p = 0.0012, χ2 = 10.43, OR = 0.360, 95%, СI = 0.192–0.674). At the same time, the A allele of the +49A/G polymorphism is significantly more common in patients with normal anti-TG Ab values—in 68.1% of individuals (p = 0.0012, χ2 = 10.43, OR= 2.78, 95%, CI = 1.484–5.207). The results of the study indicate the prognostic significance of the G allele and the GG genotype of the +49A/G polymorphism of the <italic>CTLA4</italic> gene predicting the probability of occurrence of anti-TG and anti-TPO antibodies. </abstract>

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22

Marki, Eleni, Ioannis Moisoglou, Stamata Aggelidou, Maria Malliarou, Konstantinos Tsaras y Ioanna V. Papathanasiou. "Body image, emotional intelligence and quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients". AIMS Public Health 10, n.º 3 (2023): 698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023048.

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<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> End-stage-renal-disease is one of the most common chronic diseases, and peritoneal dialysis constitutes one of the replacement therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the views of patients on peritoneal dialysis regarding their body image, to assess their quality of life and level of emotional intelligence. </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> A cross-sectional study was performed with structured questionnaires. The sample of the study was the patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and monitored by the nephrology clinics of 7 public hospitals in Greece. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> A total of 102 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed (68% response rate). The participants showed moderate degree of body-image dysphoria (mean = 1.29, <italic>SD</italic> = 0.94), moderate levels of emotional intelligence and experienced moderate quality of life. According to the statistical analysis, women reported worse body image (<italic>p</italic> = 0.013) and university graduates showed higher levels of emotionality (<italic>p</italic> = 0.016). The correlations between the quality of life questionnaire subscales and demographic characteristics revealed statistically significant relationships between marital status and the Physical Functionality subscale, where unmarried people had a better quality of life in this subscale (<italic>p</italic> = 0.042) and between postgraduate/doctoral degree holders and the subscale Patient Satisfaction (<italic>p</italic> = 0.035). Also, statistically significant relationships were found between occupation and the Social Interaction subscale, where those engaged in household activities and were unemployed (<italic>p</italic> = 0.022) showed better quality of life. Participants living in semi-urban areas had better quality of life on the subscale Burden of Kidney Disease (<italic>p</italic> = 0.034). </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis suffer significant limitations related to disease and treatment modality. According to our findings, these affect both their body image as well as their quality of life. Improvement in emotional intelligence is the factor which plays an important mediating role in improving both body image and quality of life in patients on peritoneal dialysis. </sec></abstract>

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23

Orellana, Carlos Bustamante, Jordan Lyerla, Aaron Martin y Fabio Milner. "Sexually transmitted infections and dating app use". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 21, n.º 3 (2024): 3999–4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2024177.

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<abstract>Incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is rising sharply in the United States. Between 2014 and 2019, incidence among men and women has increased by 62.8% and 21.4%, respectively, with an estimated 68 million Americans contracting an STI in 2018.<italic>a</italic> Some human behaviors impacting the expanding STI epidemic are unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners.<italic>b</italic> Increasing dating app usage has been postulated as a driver for increases in the numbers of people engaging in these behaviors. Using the proposed model, it is estimated that both STI incidence and prevalence for females and males have increased annually by 9%–15% between 2015 and 2019 due to dating apps usage, and that STI incidence and prevalence will continue to increase in the future. The model is also used to assess the possible benefit of in-app prevention campaigns. <italic>a</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/fact-sheets/std/STI-Incidence-Prevalence-Cost-Factsheet.htm">https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/fact-sheets/std/STI-Incidence-Prevalence-Cost-Factsheet.htm</ext-link> <italic>b</italic>A. N. Sawyer, E. R. Smith, and E. G. Benotsch. Dating application use and sexual risk behavior among young adults. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15:183–191, 2018. </abstract>

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Rathod, Gunvanti B. y Pragnesh Parmar. "Study of association of thrombocytopenia with plasmodium vivax infection". Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 69, n.º 1 (28 de marzo de 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.0019-5359.indianjmedsci20170489.

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Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease, transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheles mosquito. It is the most important parasitic disease of human with transmission in 107 countries containing three billion people and causing 1-3 million deaths each year. P. Vivax and P. Falciparum infections are always associated with haematological abnormalities like normocytic normochromic anaemia, initial leukocytosis followed by leukopenia with monocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Materials and methods: Total 250 indoor patients of medicine and paediatric department, over the period of 2 years from April 2007 to March 2009, were included in the study. All the study subjects were identified positive for malaria parasites on peripheral blood smear examination with conventional microscopy. For the conformation of the isolated infections of P. Falciparum and P. Vivax, we had also used ‘OptiMAL ® Rapid Malaria Dipstick Test’. Platelet count was done on a fully automated, quantitative Abacus BC 3200 Auto Haematology Analyzer. Results: Severe thrombocytopenia is more common with P. Falciparum (20.83%) and mixed infection (16.67%) as compared to P. Vivax infection (7.33%), although P. Vivax infection had significant number of cases with moderate (36.67%) and mild thrombocytopenia (38%). Conclusion: Presence of thrombocytopenia is not a distinguishing feature between the P. Falciparum and P. Vivax infection. In patients with acute febrile illness and with marked thrombocytopenia, P. Vivax should also be kept as a differential diagnosis.

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Chen, Xuesi, Qijun Zhang y Qin Zhang. "Predicting potential biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in heart failure". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, n.º 9 (2022): 8671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022402.

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<abstract><italic>Background</italic>: Studies have demonstrated that immune cell activation and their infiltration in the myocardium can have adverse effects on the heart, contributing to the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study is used by bioinformatics analysis to determine the potential diagnostic markers of heart failure and establish an applicable model to predict the association between heart failure and immune cell infiltration. <italic>Methods</italic>: Firstly, gene expression profiles of dilated heart disease GSE3585 and GSE120895 were obtained in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This study then selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 54 patients with HF and 13 healthy controls. In this study, biomarkers were identified using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE). Additionally, we evaluated the prognostic discrimination performance by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Cell type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) was used for analyzing immune cell infiltration in HF tissues. Lastly, immune biomarkers were correlated with each other. <italic>Result</italic>: After 24 DEGs were analyzed using a combinatorial model of LASSO regression and SVM-RFE analysis, four key genes were obtained, namely NSG1, NPPB, PHLDA1, and SERPINE2.The area under the curve (AUC) of these four genes were greater than 0.8. Subsequently, using CIBERPORT, we also found that compared with normal people, the proportion of M1 macrophages and activated mast cells in heart failure tissues decreased. In addition, correlation analysis showed that NPPB, PHLDA1 and SERPINE2 were associated with immune cell infiltration. <italic>Conclusion</italic>: NSG1, NPPB, PHLDA1 and SERPINE2 were identified as potential biomarkers of heart failure. It reveals the comprehensive role of relevant central genes in immune infiltration, which provides a new research idea for the treatment and early detection in heart failure.</abstract>

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Barik, Mamta, Chetan Swarup, Teekam Singh, Sonali Habbi y Sudipa Chauhan. "Dynamical analysis, optimal control and spatial pattern in an influenza model with adaptive immunity in two stratified population". AIMS Mathematics 7, n.º 4 (2022): 4898–935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022273.

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<abstract>Consistently, influenza has become a major cause of illness and mortality worldwide and it has posed a serious threat to global public health particularly among the immuno-compromised people all around the world. The development of medication to control influenza has become a major challenge now. This work proposes and analyzes a structured model based on two geographical areas, in order to study the spread of influenza. The overall underlying population is separated into two sub populations: urban and rural. This geographical distinction is required as the immunity levels are significantly higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Hence, this paper is a novel attempt to proposes a linear and non-linear mathematical model with adaptive immunity and compare the host immune response to disease. For both the models, disease-free equilibrium points are obtained which are locally as well as globally stable if the reproduction number is less than 1 (<italic>R</italic>01 < 1 & <italic>R</italic>02 < 1) and the endemic point is stable if the reproduction number is greater then 1 (<italic>R</italic>01 > 1 & <italic>R</italic>02 > 1). Next, we have incorporated two treatments in the model that constitute the effectiveness of antidots and vaccination in restraining viral creation and slow down the production of new infections and analyzed an optimal control problem. Further, we have also proposed a spatial model involving diffusion and obtained the local stability for both the models. By the use of local stability, we have derived the Turing instability condition. Finally, all the theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation using MATLAB.</abstract>

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Zhang, Ze-Yu, Zhu-Jun Mao, Ye-ping Ruan y Xin Zhang. "Computational identification of Shenshao Ningxin Yin as an effective treatment for novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) with myocarditis". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, n.º 6 (2022): 5772–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022270.

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<abstract> <italic>Background:</italic> The newly identified betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative pathogen of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has killed more than 4.5 million people. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory distress syndrome by targeting the lungs and also induces myocardial damage. Shenshao Ningxin Yin (SNY) has been used for more than 700 years to treat influenza. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that SNY can improve the clinical symptoms of viral myocarditis, reverse arrhythmia, and reduce the level of myocardial damage markers. <italic>Methods:</italic> This work uses a rational computational strategy to identify existing drug molecules that target host pathways for the treatment of COVID-19 with myocarditis. Disease and drug targets were input into the STRING database to construct proteinɃprotein interaction networks. The Metascape database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. <italic>Results:</italic> SNY signaling modulated the pathways of coronavirus disease, including COVID-19, Ras signaling, viral myocarditis, and TNF signaling pathways. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were the pivotal targets of SNY. The components of SNY bound well with the pivotal targets, indicating there were potential biological activities. Conclusion: Our findings reveal the pharmacological role and molecular mechanism of SNY for the treatment of COVID-19 with myocarditis. We also, for the first time, demonstrate that SNY displays multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics with a complex mechanism of action. </abstract>

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Pinheiro, Ana Paula Guedes, Augusto Bücker, Ana Cláudia Cortez, John Edward Hallsworth, João Vicente Braga de Souza y Érica Simplício de Souza. "Vinegar production from Theobroma grandiflorum SCHUM (cupuassu)". AIMS Bioengineering 8, n.º 4 (2021): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2021022.

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<abstract> The tropical fruit cupuassu comes from <italic>Theobroma grandiflorum</italic> (SCHUM), a close relative of cocoa. Cupuassu has a rich yet delicate flavour profile with notes of chocolate, pineapple, passion fruit and other fruits. Here, we produced a cupuassu-fruit wine using a <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> inoculum (and univariate analysis to determine conditions for optimum ethanol production) and then fermented this wine to produce a delicate and unique cupuassu vinegar using acid-acid bacteria. The cupuassu wine was produced by fermentation of juice chaptalized with sucrose, with a final ethanol concentration of 10% (v/v). Acetic-acid fermentations were carried out in both a bubble-column reactor and a mechanically non-aerated reactor (high-surface reactor), producing final concentrations of 4.5 and 3.3% (w/v) acetic acid, respectively. The ethanol- and acetic-acid yields obtained were comparable to those of other fruit wines and fruit vinegars. The cupuassu vinegar retained the rich flavor profile of the cupuassu. We believe that the production of flavorsome products from local plants can have benefits for conservation by promoting ecologically sustainable agriculture and may contribute to cultural identity of Amazon people. </abstract>

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Amemiya, Yuri, Tianwen Li y Hiroshi Nishiura. "Age-dependent final size equation to anticipate mortality impact of COVID-19 in China". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, n.º 6 (2023): 11353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023503.

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<abstract> Before reopening society in December 2022, China had not achieved sufficiently high vaccination coverage among people aged 80 years and older, who are vulnerable to severe infection and death owing to COVID-19. Suddenly ending the zero-COVID policy was anticipated to lead to substantial mortality. To investigate the mortality impact of COVID-19, we devised an age-dependent transmission model to derive a final size equation, permitting calculation of the expected cumulative incidence. Using an age-specific contact matrix and published estimates of vaccine effectiveness, final size was computed as a function of the basic reproduction number, <italic>R</italic>0. We also examined hypothetical scenarios in which third-dose vaccination coverage was increased in advance of the epidemic, and also in which mRNA vaccine was used instead of inactivated vaccines. Without additional vaccination, the final size model indicated that a total of 1.4 million deaths (half of which were among people aged 80 years and older) were anticipated with an assumed <italic>R</italic>0 of 3.4. A 10% increase in third-dose coverage would prevent 30,948, 24,106, and 16,367 deaths, with an assumed second-dose effectiveness of 0%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. With mRNA vaccine, the mortality impact would have been reduced to 1.1 million deaths. The experience of reopening in China indicates the critical importance of balancing pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Ensuring sufficiently high vaccination coverage is vital in advance of policy changes. </abstract>

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Gleba, Margarita, Karina Grömer, Borut Križ, Petra Stipančić y Hrvoje Potrebica. "Dressing Situla people: prehistoric textile remains from the Dolenjski muzej Novo mesto". Arheološki vestnik 75 (14 de junio de 2024): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/av.75.04.

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This contribution examines the Iron Age textiles (8th−4th century BCE) kept at the Dolenjski muzej in Novo mesto, Slovenia, with the aim of identifying their raw materials, technologies, functions and social significance and situating them in a wider European context. The primary textile weave identified is a wool twill, which is typical for the Hallstatt culture and Italic textile traditions. Wool quality analysis indicates a local raw material with different processing methods. Certain diachronic changes are identified in textile structural characteristics, which may be indicative of influences from other regions.

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Bojčić, Ivana y Bernard Dukić. "Black(n)adder–Indo–European ancestry of the english language through words". Školski vjesnik 71, n.º 2 (2022): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/sv.71.2.8.

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English language is a part of a wider, Indo-European, family of languages. It is a part of a Germanic group of languages that, alongside many other groups, originated from the reconstructed Proto – Indo – European language. English was the language of Germanic tribes of Angles and Saxons which inhabited Britain in the 5th century after the withdrawal of the Romans. The Germanic group of languages encompasses languages such as Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic and English. Germanic group of people was once in close contact with Celtic and Italic groups and earlier than that with all other Indo – European people, like Greek, Iranian, Armenian, Slavic, Baltic, etc. Via the analysis of the word adder, we present the evidence of a closer association of Germanic, Italic and Celtic groups of languages and their origin as Indo – European nations. Through this analysis we are able to present and teach students of the origin of the English language and its subsequent influence on the British culture.

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Lee, Jena y Yujin Suh. "Good subjective health status and health-related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease: A secondary analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey in 2019 and 2020". Research in Community and Public Health Nursing 34 (29 de diciembre de 2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00262.

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Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to describe subjective health status of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), identify factors that affect good subjective health status and investigate the relationship between good subjective health status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with CKD.Methods: This secondary analysis utilized data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2019-2020. Participants (<italic>N</italic>=295) had an eGFR of ≤59 mL/min/1.73 m2. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting good subjective health status and examine the association between good subjective health status and HRQOL.Results: Among all participants, 61.4% had good subjective health status, and the HRQOL index was 0.88 in people with CKD. Household income, activity limitation, stress, and the number of comorbidities in people with CKD were associated with good subjective health status. People with better subjective health status were more likely to be satisfied with self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort in HRQOL.Conclusion: Good subjective health status is associated with better HRQOL. Therefore, subjective health status should be assessed early, and a nursing intervention program should be developed considering factors that can improve subjective health status in people with CKD.

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Pratiwi, Fadhila Inas y Lilik Salamah. "Italy on COVID-19: Response and Strategy". Jurnal Global & Strategis 14, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.2.2020.389-402.

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Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) in Italy was remarkably immense, with more than two hundred thousand infected cases, and more than thirty thousand people had died because of the virus as of 27th July 2020. The high number of mortality rate makes the Italy case is essential to be further explored. This article aims to elaborate on government response and strategy in handling COVID-19 that spread within the country. This article unfolds in four sections; the first part discusses how COVID-19 could spread massively in Italy and cause death for a thousand people. The second part explains the government measure and its effectivity in containing the virus. The third part elaborates on the impact of COVID-19 along with the government response in the socio-economic aspect. The last part explores the future of Italy after COVID-19. The article employs a literature review that analyzes information from various sources such as academic journals, research reports from the think tank, and news media outlets. Keywords: Coronavirus, Italy, Government, Response Kasus coronavirus di Italia sangat tinggi dan massif dengan lebih dari dua ratus ribu orang terinfeksi dan lebih dari lima puluh ribu orang meninggal pertanggal 27 Juli 2020. Tingginya jumlah orang yang terinfeksi dan jumlah orang yang meninggal membuat Italia menjadi kasus yang menarik untuk dibahas. Tujuan dari artikel ini untuk mengelaborasi tentang bagaimana respon dan strategi pemerintah Italia dalam menangani virus yang sudah menyebar di Italia. Artikel ini terdiri dari empat bahasan, pertama membahas tentang awal mula COVID-19 bisa menyebar secara masif di Italia dan mengakibatkan puluhan ribu orang meninggal. Kedua, membahas tentang bagaimana respon dari pemerintah Italia dan juga efektifitasnya dalam menangani penyebaran virus ini. Ketiga, membahas tentang dampak yang diakibatkan dari COVID-19 beserta respon pemerintah terhadap aspek sosio-ekonomi di Italia. Keempat, mendiskusikan bagaimana masa depan Italia setelah COVID-19. Artikel ini menggunakan tinjauan pustaka untuk melakukan analisis terkait dengan topik artikel yang berasal dari banyak sumber seperti jurnal akademis, laporan peneltian, artikel berita dan lain sebagainya. Kata-kata Kunci: Coronavirus, Italia, Pemerintah, Respons

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Beccaria, Franca, Giorgia Molinengo, Franco Prina y Sara Rolando. "Young People, Alcohol and Norms: Italian Young People’s Opinions and Attitudes towards Alcohol Regulation". YOUNG 27, n.º 4 (16 de octubre de 2018): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308818800845.

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Brocada, Lorenzo. "Sociopolitical conflicts on the establishment of protected natural areas: The case of Portofino National Park (Genoa, North-West Italy)". AIMS Geosciences 9, n.º 4 (2023): 713–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2023038.

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<abstract> This work traces the main stages of environmental and landscape protection of the Portofino Promontory, located in <italic>Riviera Ligure di Levante</italic> (N-W Italy), with particular regard on the recent establishment of Portofino National Park. From 2017, when the institution law was enacted, to date, the park has not yet been established due to the socio-political conflicts that have arisen between some stakeholders and institutions of the territory. These conflicts include not only environmentalists against hunters and constructors but also disagreement between municipalities and region (<italic>Regione Liguria</italic>) and between region and the Ministry of Environment. Today the situation is still stalled, and funds for a park larger than the current one (Portofino Regional Park) have not been allocated. In spite of this, the tug-of-war continues through legal actions. The aim of the article is to analyze the perception of the enlargement of the park by the community and local governance and how this is communicated by the press. The research was conducted through the analysis of the results of a questionnaire aimed at understanding the level of knowledge of the main functions of a national park and the position of the people with respect to it. Second, an analysis of the press was carried out to understand the narratives on this environmental measure. The results of the questionnaire showed a positive consensus toward the park, while press analysis showed little involvement of experts on the subject to foster a political debate without concrete arguments, which damaged the park's image. </abstract>

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Wonder, John W. "The Italiote League: South Italian Alliances of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC". Classical Antiquity 31, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2012): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2012.31.1.128.

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Polybius and Diodorus each cite a league of Italiote city-states while chronicling events of the fifth and fourth centuries bc respectively. Scholarly opinion holds that the authors describe the same alliance. This article argues that each ancient historian refers to a different alliance with dissimilar goals. Evidence is marshaled to show that Polybius's fifth-century league was not formed to combat an Italic threat, as is commonly stated by modern authors. Three Achaean states established this alliance to counter their aggressive Italiote neighbors, Thurii and Locri, both of whom were supported by major powers. By the first part of the fourth century, however, the situation in southern Italy had changed dramatically, and the growing power of Dionysius I as well as Italic people threatened the Italiotes. Diodorus describes another alliance formed by a larger group of Italiote states to counter a different set of enemies.

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Genovese, Elisabetta. "University student perception of sustainability and environmental issues". AIMS Geosciences 8, n.º 4 (2022): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022035.

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<abstract> There is a global consensus among scientists that human-caused climate change is threatening the environment and communities worldwide and that major changes must be implemented to reduce the increasing rate of CO2 emissions. Moreover, environmentally unsustainable practices are both endangering and degrading the quality of life on Earth. One major and often underestimated aspect of this problem is the difference in individual environmental risk perception and evaluation. It is evident that the responsibility for Earth's future lies in the hands of young generations and raising their awareness of environmental issues is a substantial challenge for education institutions. Students need to develop new values, skills and behaviors to foster sustainable development. As institutions of higher education, universities have a major impact on society and play a key role in the development of environmental awareness in young people. The paper describes the results of a survey administered to students in the <italic>Cultural Geography B</italic> course at the University of Torino. The purpose of the analysis was to determine if there is a relationship between environmental perception, attitude and behavior. The results showed that the students had a good knowledge of and positive attitude to the environment. However, as past studies have already revealed, there is a gap between their awareness and proactive environmental behaviors. Knowledge does not appear to be the only variable needed and other hypotheses should be explored to change the behavior of young generations. This study provides some insights for implementing integrated sustainability processes and engaging students. Moreover, the results will support the structuring of a future <italic>Geography</italic> course that focuses on sustainable development and environmental risk. </abstract>

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Párraga-Montilla, Juan Antonio, Diana Patricia Pozuelo-Carrascosa, Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres, José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera, Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca y Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román. "Gait Performance as an Indicator of Cognitive Deficit in Older People". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 7 (25 de marzo de 2021): 3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073428.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze which gait variables are the best for detecting cognitive impairment and to determine if age and gender can influence gait variations in older people. Methods: 65 participants took part in this study (22 men and 43 women; age: 73.88 ± 9.56 years). We use the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Gait speed (GS) and the complex gait test (CGT) were analyzed with photocells Witty (Microgate, Italia). The OptoGait system (Microgate, Italia) was used to analyze step length (SL) and step coefficient of variation (CV sl). Results: There was a significant association between MoCA and SL (r = 0.420; p = 0.002), CV sl (r = −0.591; p < 0.001), and CGT (r = −0.406; p = 0.001). Instrumental activities of daily living showed significant association with SL (r = 0.563; p < 0.001); CV sl (r = −0.762; p < 0.001), CGT (r = −0.622; p < 0.001), and GS (r = 0.418; p < 0.001). CV sl showed the best results with MoCA when linear regression analysis was applied (R2 = 0.560; p = 0.007; Y = 23.669 − 0.320x). Participants older than 79 years showed lower MoCA scores and poorer gait parameters than people younger than 79 years. Conclusions: CV sl, SL, CGT, and GS make it possible to detect MCI in older people, especially when these variables are evaluated as a whole.

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Kużelewska, Elżbieta. "Referendum konstytucyjne we Włoszech. Jak głosowanie ludowe wpływa na system polityczny państwa?" Przegląd Europejski, n.º 2-2017 (29 de noviembre de 2017): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.17.6.

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This article analyses the impact of constitutional referendums on the political system in Italy. There were three constitutional referendums conducted in 2001, 2006 and 2016. All of them have been organised by the ruling parties, however, only the first one was successful. In the subsequent referendums, the proposals for amending the constitution have been rejected by voters. The article finds that lack of public support for the government resulted in voting „no” in the referendum.

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Dotson, Kristie. "“Thinking Familiar with the Interstitial”: An Introduction". Hypatia 29, n.º 1 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12072.

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It's not that we haven't always been here, since there was a here. It is that the letters of our names have been scrambled when they were not totally erased, and our fingertips upon the handles of history have been called the random brushings of birds. (Lorde 1990, ix)Because… [racialized peoples'] dehumanization has not been successful, conceiving of self and others and their exercise of themselves both against dehumanization and toward liberatory possibilities has meant living double lives backed up by peopled ways of living, acting, perceiving, thinking familiar with the interstitial, liminal, and with breaking up with, delinking from, colonial modernity. (Lugones, this issue, 20; my emphasis)We are not born women of color. We become women of color. To become women of color, we would need to become fluent in each other's histories, to resist and unlearn an impulse allowing mythologies to replace knowing about one another…. We cannot afford to cease yearning for each other's company. (Alexander 2002, 91; italics in original)

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Martelli, Alessandro, Ilaria Pitti y Stella Volturo. "Emergency and Deservingness: Young People in the Italian Pandemic Debate". SALUTE E SOCIETÀ 22, n.º 1 (febrero de 2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2023-001008.

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Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, young people had a peculiar position in Italian public and institutional discourses. On the one hand, their complex living conditions nourished preoccu-pations and calls for intervention to save an "endangered" social group. On the other hand, young people's behaviours were constantly placed under scrutiny as potentially dangerous for themselves and society. Through an analysis of public and institutional discourses on youth and youth policies elaborated during the pandemic, the article analyses the interplay of these competing narratives in political and policy choices during the Covid-19 emergency exploring how young people's (un)deservingness has been framed. In doing so, the article asks what understanding of youth sustains recent institutional choices in terms of resources distribution and what institutions have learnt on (and from) young people during the pandemic.

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D’Agostino, Mari. "GIOVANI IN MOVIMENTO: MULTILINGUI, CONNESSI, SPESSO ANALFABETI. UNA NUOVA MIGRAZIONE FRA RISORSE E BISOGNI". Italiano LinguaDue 14, n.º 1 (20 de julio de 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/18148.

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Le recenti migrazioni di giovani che viaggiano da soli, arrivati di recente in Italia attraverso la rotta del Mediterraneo, mostrano nuove caratteristiche in termini di profili individuali e di esperienze di connessioni digitali. Essi hanno acquisito nuove competenze, saperi e punti di vista durante il lungo periodo di spostamento e al momento dell’arrivo in Italia. Inoltre, la mobilità è spesso accompagnata da una segregazione fisica e spaziale nei contesti di transito e di arrivo. Questo articolo focalizza l’attenzione sulle risorse e sulle necessità (anche di tipo linguistico) di questi giovani e sulle esperienze didattiche di ItaStra. Young people on the move: multilingual, connected, often without literacy. A new migration between resources and needs Recent migrations of young people who travel alone and who have recently arrived in Italy via the Mediterranean route show new characteristics in terms of individual profiles and experience of digital connections. These young people acquired new skills, knowledge, and points of view during the long period of displacement and upon arrival in Italy. Moreover, mobility is often accompanied by physical and spatial segregation in transit and arrival contexts. This paper focuses on resources and needs (also linguistic) of these young people during ItaStra’s ten-year teaching experience.

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Nkouka, Anicet Odilon Matongo. "Citations in Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 6, n.º 3 (26 de marzo de 2023): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.3.20.

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This study investigates the use of citations in A Man of the People by Chinua Achebe. We used the post-structuralism approach, with Julia Kristeva drawing inspiration from Mikhail and adopting a notion and method called intertextuality. Many excerpts from this novel are analyzed in terms of citation types and functions. The results reveal that citations are used more frequently by the writer in the novel in quotation marks, in italics, and indenting. They fulfill the didactic function, the apellative function, and the aesthetic function. A Man of the People is generally influenced by the political context which constitutes the plot of the prose. The citations portray a typical Nigerian socio-political context. The findings reveal that citations in the text are basically used to satirize, ridicule, and mock the political class and also show how politicians coax and persuade the masses with citations.

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Burke, Jill. "Nakedness and Other Peoples: Rethinking the Italian Renaissance Nude". Art History 36, n.º 4 (10 de julio de 2013): 714–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8365.12029.

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Ruggiero, Raffaele. "Andrea Guidi, Books, People, and Military Thought. Machiavelli’s Art of War and the Fortune of the Militia in Sixteenth-Century Florence and Europe". Italies, n.º 25 (2 de diciembre de 2021): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/italies.9595.

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Lucchini, Mario, Tiziano Gerosa, Marta Pancheva, Maurizio Pisati, Chiara Respi y Egidio Riva. "Differential effects of COVID-19 and containment measures on mental health: Evidence from ITA.LI—Italian Lives, the Italian household panel". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2021): e0259989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259989.

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This study used a subsample of a household panel study in Italy to track changes in mental health before the onset of COVID-19 and into the first lockdown period, from late April to early September 2020. The results of the random-effects regression analyses fitted on a sample of respondents aged 16 years and older (N = 897) proved that there was a substantial and statistically significant short-term deterioration in mental health (from 78,5 to 67,9; β = -10.5, p < .001; Cohen’s d -.445), as measured by a composite index derived from the mental component of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The findings also showed heterogeneity in the COVID-related effects. On the one hand, evidence has emerged that the pandemic acted as a great leveller of pre-existing differences in mental health across people of different ages: the decrease was most pronounced among those aged 16–34 (from 84,2 to 66,5; β = -17.7, p < .001; Cohen’s d -.744); however, the magnitude of change reduced as age increased and turned to be non-significant among individuals aged 70 and over. On the other hand, the COVID-19 emergency widened the mental health gender gap and created new inequalities, based on the age of the youngest child being taken care of within the household.

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Borzaga, Carlo y Luca Fazzi. "Some lessons from Italian social cooperatives: 1970–2020". Zeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft und Gemeinwohl 45, n.º 4 (2022): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2701-4193-2022-4-583.

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The Italian social cooperative is the first form of social enterprise in Europe. The article explores social cooperative entrepreneurship in Italy through a discussion of the formation of social cooperative movement and the promotion of the innovation in the social services sector. Social cooperatives are an original form of social enterprise that meets people's needs through the work inclusion of disadvantaged people and the organization of social and other services of general interest. The article examines also how the social cooperatives looking to the future and to the new challenges of the social and environmental issues and the transformation of the welfare, investing in innovation and the sustainable economy.

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Kaharuddin, Sitti Hajar, Ridha Ichwanty Sabir y Andi Marwan. "Representation of politeness in tabe' speech of the people of Idampang village, Gantarang Keke sub-district, Bantaeng district". Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 7, n.º 2 (7 de noviembre de 2023): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v8i1.3221.

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Tabe” iis ian iexample iof iancestral icultural iheritage ior ilocal iwisdom iof ithe ipeople iof iSouth iSulawesi ito irespect ior irespect iother ipeople. i"Tabe" iis imost ioften iused iwhen iasking ipermission ito ipass iby ianother iperson. iThe i"Tabe" ibehavior iis ia isymbol iof irespecting iand irespecting ianyone iin iour ipresence. iThis iword icomes ifrom iSanskrit: ikşantavya ior iksantawya. iIn iSanskrit iit imeans i"sorry". iSince iMalays icannot ipronounce ithe isound i/v/, ithis isound ibecomes i/b/. iSo ithis iword iturns iinto iksantabya iand ifinally ibecomes isantabe iand ieven itabe ior itabik. iIn ia icertain isense, itabik ialso imeans ia irespectful igreeting i(Jan iGonda, i1973, iSanskrit iin iIndonesia, ipage i640 ionwards). iTabik iversions ifor ieach iplace, icity iand iregion iare ialso idifferent . his istudy iaims ito idetermine ithe ilevel iof iawareness iof ithe ipeople iof iGantarang ikeke iDistrict, iBantaeng iRegency itowards ithe imappatabe itradition iof ipracticing ithe isecond iprinciple iof iPancasila ito idetermine ithe ifactors ithat icause ithe icommunity iin iGantarang ikeke iDistrict, iBantaeng iRegency ito inot iimplement ithe imappatabe itradition. iThis itype iof iresearch iis ia iqualitative idescriptive istudy. iThe iinformants i iin ithis istudy iwere i13 ipeople iin ithe icommunity iin ithe iGantarang ikeke isub-district, ischool iteachers, icommunity ileaders iand ireligious ileaders, iwho iwere icarried iout ideliberately iwith icertain icriteria iusing ipurposive isampling itechnique. iData icollection iwas icarried iout iby imeans iof iinterviews, iobservation iand idocumentation. iThe iresults iof iresearch ion ipublic iawareness iin

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Konstantin-Hansen, Niels Henrik. "Migration i førromersk jernalder". Kuml 62, n.º 62 (31 de octubre de 2013): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v62i62.24462.

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Migration in the Pre-Roman Iron AgeThe archaeological group in focus here is the so-called Poienesti-Lukaševka culture (PLC), which came into existence very suddenly around 200 BC in present-day Romania and Moldavia. Stray finds are also known from the Ukraine, but the main area of settlement lay on the southern bank of the Dniester river, as attested by professionally excavated settlement structures and necropolises. The commonly accepted thesis on these archaeological remains is that they are the physical manifestation of the Bastarnae and Skiri, two Germanic-speaking tribes who migrated to the Pontic region in the late Pre-Roman Iron Age. The term ‘Germanic-speaking’ is of importance here, meaning that this is a linguistic rather than an ethnic or even racial identification, as was common in archaeological theory and practice in the early 20th century.The PLC group had a duration of around 170 years, archaeologically speaking, since its settlements and graveyards had been abandoned by 30-20 BC. Figures 3-5 show, respectively, the chronological system used, i.e. the revised chronology devised by C.K. Jensen, as opposed to the older Becker system, the three phases of the principal necropolises of the PLC and the material culture of the three phases of this culture.Three groups of artefacts link the PLC with Northern Europe: The intriguing so-called crown neck rings, which originated in Jutland and Northern Germany, the later typological examples of which are seen dispersed across Eastern Europe, in all probability marking routes of migration (figs. 6a-8); the so-called fire-dogs or andirons (figs. 9-12), which were in all likelihood ritual implements for use in association with domestic hearths in living quarters and known from the same areas as the neck rings and, finally, the PLC ceramic assemblage, which indicates a general northwestern area of origin, which includes parts of present-day Poland (fig. 13). The remains of Dacian, Celtic and Greek ceramics in the settlement layers of PLC habitations show interaction with the neighbouring communities, albeit not always in a peaceful manner.The Greek city-states ventured forth into the Pontic area from around 700 BC, and from around 200 BC and onwards, at the time of emergence of the PLC, a number of written sources describe violent incursions and dealings with two newly-arrived tribes, the Bastarnae and the Skirie. These two tribes continued to raid the neighbouring communities or to serve as mercenaries until 29 BC, when they were finally defeated while attempting to cross the Danube.The name Sciri is the oldest ethnonym known in the Germanic languages, meaning ‘the Pure’ or ‘the Shining’. This strongly implies a North European origin for these people, since it was in these parts that the Germanic peoples proper were encountered by Caesar in 50 BC. It must be noted, however, that language is only part of any given ethnic identity, and therefore, of course, these two tribes were not ‘Germanic’ in the sense of the descriptions of Caesar or Tacitus.It is argued, through material comparison with the surrounding cultures, that the PLC culture had no presently-known precursors in Moldavia and was therefore not indigenous to that area but the result of a migration from Northern Europe, and that the material remains are ethnically very specific, due to the constant strife in the area, which highlighted ethnical tensions as reported in the written sources.This is put into a wider context by drawing upon evidence from the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe as a whole. From being a relatively isolated region, possibly with an egalitarian ideology governing society from the Late Bronze Age onwards, the area underwent an almost violent transformation around 200 BC. New forms of settlement were established, in the shape of villages, new necropolises were instigated and imported weaponry and Etruscan and Italic bronze vessels were included in the funerary furnishing. There seems also to have been social upheaval in Eastern Europe, as the earlier Pomeranian culture disappeared and was replaced by the Oksywie, Przeworsk-, Zarubintsky- and Poieneşti-Lukaševka groups (figs. 1-2). These groups interacted with each other, as demonstrated by the distribution of material culture throughout their main areas of settlement, and built bridges between the Northern World and the Mediterranean city culture. Though we cannot be certain of the reasons for this sudden turn of events, it is argued by some authors that there was a short, but very severe climatic crisis in the years 207-204 BC, as demonstrated by several geological and dendrochronological surveys and as also mentioned in written sources from the Mediterranean and China. This may have triggered tensions inherent in Northern Iron Age societies, as demonstrated by Hedeager (1990). In any event, social change is attested in the years around 200 BC, which may have prompted the migration of the Bastarnae and Sciri, who then arrived in the Pontic region at about the same time. Judging from the position of the aforementioned crown neck rings in relation to the other archaeological cultures in the region, it is argued that ritual specialists deposited these rings as ritual and ethnic markers along the route.Niels Henrik Konstantin-HansenMoesgaard Museum

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Calvagna, Andrea, Emiliano Tramontana y Gabriella Verga. "Revealing People’s Sentiment in Natural Italian Language Sentences". Computers 12, n.º 12 (21 de noviembre de 2023): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12120241.

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Social network systems are constantly fed with text messages. While this enables rapid communication and global awareness, some messages could be aptly made to hurt or mislead. Automatically identifying meaningful parts of a sentence, such as, e.g., positive or negative sentiments in a phrase, would give valuable support for automatically flagging hateful messages, propaganda, etc. Many existing approaches concerned with the study of people’s opinions, attitudes and emotions and based on machine learning require an extensive labelled dataset and provide results that are not very decisive in many circumstances due to the complexity of the language structure and the fuzziness inherent in most of the techniques adopted. This paper proposes a deterministic approach that automatically identifies people’s sentiments at the sentence level. The approach is based on text analysis rules that are manually derived from the way Italian grammar works. Such rules are embedded in finite-state automata and then expressed in a way that facilitates checking unstructured Italian text. A few grammar rules suffice to analyse an ample amount of correctly formed text. We have developed a tool that has validated the proposed approach by analysing several hundreds of sentences gathered from social media: hence, they are actual comments given by users. Such a tool exploits parallel execution to make it ready to process many thousands of sentences in a fraction of a second. Our approach outperforms a well-known previous approach in terms of precision.

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