Literatura académica sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Ferguson, Trevor S., Novie O. M. Younger-Coleman, Jasneth Mullings, Damian Francis, Lisa-Gaye Greene, Parris Lyew-Ayee y Rainford Wilks. "Neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics and blood pressure among Jamaican youth: a pooled analysis of data from observational studies". PeerJ 8 (6 de octubre de 2020): e10058. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10058.
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Introduction Neighbourhood characteristics are associated with several diseases, but few studies have investigated the association between neighbourhood and health in Jamaica. We evaluated the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) and blood pressure (BP) among youth, 15–24 years old, in Jamaica. Methods A pooled analysis was conducted using data from three studies (two national surveys and a birth cohort), conducted between 2005–2008, with individual level BP, anthropometric and demographic data, and household SES. Data on neighbourhood SES were obtained from the Mona Geo-Informatics Institute. Neighbourhood was defined using community boundaries from the Social Development Commission in Jamaica. Community characteristics (poverty, unemployment, dependency ratio, population density, house size, and proportion with tertiary education) were combined into SES scores using principal component analysis (PCA). Multivariable analyses were computed using mixed effects multilevel models. Results Analyses included 2,556 participants (1,446 females; 1,110 males; mean age 17.9 years) from 306 communities. PCA yielded two neighbourhood SES variables; the first, PCA-SES1, loaded highly positive for tertiary education and larger house size (higher value = higher SES); while the second, PCA-SES2, loaded highly positive for unemployment and population density (higher value = lower SES). Among males, PCA-SES1 was inversely associated with systolic BP (β-1.48 [95%CI −2.11, −0.84] mmHg, p < 0.001, for each standard deviation unit increase in PCA-SES1 score) in multivariable model accounting for age, household SES, study, BMI, fasting glucose, physical activity and diet. PCA-SES1 was not significantly associated with systolic BP among females (β −0.48 [−1.62, 0.66], p = 0.410) in a similar model. Associations for PCA-SES2 was assessed using linear splines to account for non-linear effects. The were no significant associations between systolic BP and PCA-SES2 among males. Among females, higher PCA-SES2 (i.e. lower SES) was associated with higher systolic BP at spline 2 [z-score -1 to 0] (β4.09 [1.49, 6.69], p = 0.002), but with lower systolic BP at spline 3 [z-core 0 to 1] (β-2.81 [−5.04, −0.59], p = 0.013). There were no significant associations between diastolic BP and PCA-SES1, but PCA-SES2 showed non-linear associations with diastolic BP particularly among males. Conclusion Higher neighbourhood SES was inversely associated with systolic BP among male Jamaican youth; there were non-linear associations between neighbourhood SES and systolic BP among females and for diastolic BP for both males and females.
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Clarke, Colin. "From slum to ghetto: Social deprivation in Kingston, Jamaica". International Development Planning Review 28, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.28.1.1.
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Moncrieffe, Joy. "Negotiating Children's Social Contexts in Jamaica: Ethics, Practicalities and Research Methodologies". IDS Bulletin 40, n.º 3 (mayo de 2009): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2009.00040.x.
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Room, Graham. "Social Policy and the European Commission". Social Policy & Administration 25, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1991): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1991.tb00513.x.
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Dreher, Melanie y Rebekah Hudgins. "Maternal Conjugal Multiplicity and Child Development in Rural Jamaica". Family Relations 59, n.º 5 (2 de noviembre de 2010): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2010.00618.x.
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Marmot, Michael y Ruth Bell. "Health Equity and Development: the Commission on Social Determinants of Health". European Review 18, n.º 1 (febrero de 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798709990081.
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From the start, the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health built its case for taking action on the social determinants of health, unashamedly, on principles of social justice. Quite simply, the Commission stated that health inequities in the sense of avoidable and preventable differences in health between countries, and between groups within countries according to income, occupation, education, ethnicity or between men and women, are unjust. Taking this position has brought praise and blame: praise for the Commission’s boldness in putting fairness on the global health agenda1 in the face of the dominant global model of economic growth as an end in itself, and blame for the Commission’s unworldliness in apparently not recognising that economic arguments push the political agenda.
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Shamshad, Ahmad y Md Nafees Ahmad Ansari. "Planning Commission: Fifty-Five Years of Planned Development and Social Sector". Indian Journal of Public Administration 51, n.º 3 (julio de 2005): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120050313.
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Kushnerev, I. M. "About development of social partnership in the agricultural sector of the Kursk region". Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2008-01.
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In connection with the spread of coronavirus infection in end of April, a meeting took place by correspondence Kursk regional tripartite Commission on regulation of social-labor relations to discuss current issues, including "About implementation of the decision of the Kursk regional tripartite Commission on regulation socially-labour relations of 23 April 2018 No. 2 on the issue "About the state and measures for further development of social partnership in the agro-industrial complex".
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Dawson, Andrew. "Political Violence in Consolidated Democracies: The Development and Institutionalization of Partisan Violence in Late Colonial Jamaica (1938–62)". Social Science History 40, n.º 2 (2016): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.1.
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Past research suggests that although political violence in mature democracies is rare, it does occasionally occur along ethnic, religious, and/or linguistic lines. Jamaica is an exceptional case in that it is a relatively mature democracy that experiences political violence between demographically similar groups. This article examines the origins of political violence in Jamaica—that is, the conditions that led to its development, intensification, and institutionalization during the late colonial period. Through original archival research, this article supports past findings identifying personality politics, the politicization of race/class divisions, and clientelism as contributing factors to the development of political violence. The research also, however, makes a major new contribution by providing evidence that colonial nonintervention during the early stages of political violence was a crucial factor leading to its escalation and then institutionalization. This finding gives the British colonial state a different and more central role than the extant literature suggests and has broader implications for all democracies.
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Jalloh, Abubakarr. "The United Nations Commission: a World Leisure summary of the 53rd session of the Commission for Social Development: rethinking and strengthening social development in the contemporary world". World Leisure Journal 57, n.º 3 (3 de julio de 2015): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2015.1066606.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Van, Deventer Gerhardus Johannes. "Socio-economic development of the Coloured community since the Theron Commission". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51910.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poverty is a widespread phenomenon within the coloured community of South Africa. In 1976 the Theron Commission reported on coloured poverty and recommended widespread reform to the apartheid system to incorporate coloureds into social and economic life on an equal footing with whites. The commission was of the opinion that the poorest 40% of coloureds lived in a state of chronic community poverty. This conclusion was based on the culture of poverty approach, which states that negative external factors and an internal process of self-perpetuation can sometimes combine to cause a povertysyndrome. The original culture of poverty approach was widely misinterpreted and criticised and consequently lost much of its support. However, if properly understood, the approach can still be used effectively. Since the Theron commission made a healthy reinterpretation of this approach it also provides a good theoretical framework to analyse coloured poverty. The socio-economic position of coloureds has improved markedly since the era of the Theron commission. Total fertility rates and infant mortality rates declined, while life expectancy increased. The educational status of coloureds increased considerably. There is, however, still a large disparity between rural and urban coloureds. The per capita income of coloureds almost doubled in this period. This rise in income can be attributed to an improvement in occupational status (which was in turn influenced by an improvement in educational status) as well as a decrease in wage discrimination. In spite of the overall improvement in the socio-economic position of coloureds, poverty rates did not decrease significantly since the era of the Theron Commission. Although poverty is still more widespread in rural areas, there has been a relative improvement in the socioeconomic position of rural coloureds and agricultural labourers. This has partly been caused by the urbanisation of the rural poor. Coloured poverty is, however, still at much lower levels than black poverty. Since the era of the Theron Commission the culture of poverty has been positively influenced by several factors: racial discrimination in public education and other social spending decreased, levels of education improved and contributed to the rise in per capita income, social work has become better focussed and is provided on a more equal basis and the socio-political emancipation of coloureds were achieved with the rise of a democratic society. However, it seems that the good economic growth rates during the 1960's and early 1970's provided the biggest thrust to the upward socio-economic mobility of coloureds and played a more important role than the Theron report or any other socio-political changes. It can be concluded that the culture of poverty as it existed at the time of the Theron report has weakened considerably and that the approach should therefore not be used as the basic model to describe the socio-economic position of poor coloureds any more. Current anti-poverty measures should be focussed on job creation, community building and education.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Armoede is 'n wydverspreide probleem in die kleurlinggemeenskap van Suid- Afrika. In 1976 het die Theron Kommissie ondersoek ingestel na kleurling armoede en hulle het drastiese veranderinge aan die apartheidstelsel voorgestel om die sosio-ekonomiese vooruitgang van kleurlinge te verseker. Die kommissie het aangevoer dat die armste 40% van die kleurlingbevolking in 'n toestand van chroniese gemeenskapsarmoede verkeer. Hierdie gevolgtrekking is gebaseer op die kultuur van armoede teorie, wat veronderstel dat In armoedesiklus kan ontstaan wanneer daar 'n wisselwerking is tussen negatiewe omgewingsfaktore en In interne proses van selfvoortplanting deur middel van die gesin. Die oorspronklike kultuur van armoede benadering was onderhewig aan verskeie misinterpretasies en kritiek en het derhalwe baie aanhang verloor. Tog kan die kultuur van armoede teorie steeds met vrug aangewend word indien dit korrek toegepas word. Aangesien die Theron Kommissie die oorspronklike teorie op In gesonde manier geherinterpreteer het, verskaf dit 'n goeie teoretiese raamwerk waarbinne kleurlingarmoede ondersoek kan word. Die sosio-ekonomiese posisie van kleurlinge het In merkwaardige verbetering getoon sedert die era van die Theron Kommissie. Fertiliteitskoerse en suigelingsterftekoerse het afgeneem, terwyl lewensverwagting toegeneem het. Die onderwyspeil van kleurlinge het ook drasties verbeter, alhoewel daar steeds In groot gaping is tussen landelike en stedelike kleurlinge. Die per capita inkomste van kleurlinge het amper verdubbel in die periode. Die verhoging kan toegeskryf word aan In verhoogde beroepstatus (wat weer deur verbeterde onderwyspeile beïnvloed is) sowel as laer vlakke van loondiskriminasie. Ten spyte van die algehele verbetering in die sosio-ekonomiese posisie van kleurlinge, het armoedevlakke sedert die Theron era nie noemenswaardig verminder nie. Alhoewel armoede steeds wydverspreid is in landelike gebiede, het daar In relatiewe verbetering in die sosio-ekonomiese posisie van landelike kleurlinge en die plaaswerkersgemeenskap plaasgevind. Dit is deels veroorsaak deur verstedeliking van arm landelike inwoners. Kleurling armoede is egter steeds op 'n baie laer vlak as swart armoede. Sedert die era van die Theron Kommissie is die toestand van chroniese gemeenskapsarmoede deur verskeie positiewe faktore beïnvloed: rassediskriminasie ten opsigte van onderwys en ander sosiale besteding het verminder, vlakke van onderwys het verbeter en het bygedra tot 'n verhoging in per capita inkome, sosiale werk is beter gefokus en word op 'n meer gelyke skaal verskaf en met die demokratiseringsproses is die sosio-politiese emansipasie van kleurlinge verkry. Tog lyk dit of die goeie ekonomiese groei van die sestigerjare en vroeë sewentqerjare 'n groter invloed op die opwaartse sosioekonomiese mobiliteit van kleurlinge gehad het as die Theron verslag en ander sosio-politieke veranderinge. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat die kultuur van armoede soos dit gemanifesteer het in die tyd van die Theron verslag in so 'n mate verswak het dat die benadering nie meer gebruik moet word as die basiese model om die sosioekonomiese toestand van arm kleurlinge te beskryf nie. Dit beteken egter nie dat daar nie nog steeds akute armoedeprobleme in sekere dele van die kleurlinggemeenskap bestaan nie. Huidige armoede-verligtingsbeleid moet fokus op werkskepping, gemeenskapsbou en onderwys.
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Dawson, Andrew. "State authority structures and the rule of law in post-colonial societies: a comparison of Jamaica and Barbados". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106362.
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This thesis examines the determinants of a strong rule of law in post-colonial societies by comparing Jamaica and Barbados, two countries with many similarities, but with divergent outcomes concerning the rule of law. The research takes a comparative historical approach, specifically investigating the origins of the divergence of the rule of law between Jamaica and Barbados during the transition to independence. The analysis suggests that the extent of communal divisions influenced the political culture of the masses during the transition to universal suffrage in the late colonial period. This proved to be the critical factor that determined whether political violence and patronage politics were institutionalized, which ultimately led to the deterioration in the capacity of the state to promote the rule of law. Differences along four key dimensions (the extent of a race-class correlation, the extent to which the Afro-Caribbean population viewed themselves as members of the national community, the orientation of the religion of the lower classes towards the established order, and the structural conditions that facilitated the cultural autonomy of the lower classes) developed between the two islands during the early colonial period that influenced the formation of communal divisions along class lines, which in turn influenced the political culture of the masses. In Jamaica, the ethnic division between the lower and middle classes led the former to adopt a political culture that challenged the authority of the colonial state, which, combined with the inaction of colonial authorities, ultimately resulted in the establishment of a democratic political system based on violence, lawlessness and patronage that emerged during a critical period of instability on the island (the transition to both universal suffrage and independence). In Barbados, the absence of communal divisions resulted in the adoption of the dominant political culture by the masses. As such, there was broad-based acceptance of the legitimacy of legal state authority, with all major political parties appealing to the electorate on a rational basis, thereby hindering the escalation and institutionalization of political violence and clientelism. Moreover, the compatibility between the political culture and the state authority structure in Barbados provided the foundation for a strong rule of law during the post-colonial period.Cette thèse examine les déterminants de la légitimité de la loi dans les sociétés post-coloniales à travers la comparaison entre la Barbade et la Jamaique, deux pays similaires à plusieurs niveaux, mais dont la légitimité de la loi s'exerce on ne peut plus différemment. Ce projet de recherche propose une comparaison historique, ayant pour angle une recherche des origines de cette divergence de la légitimité de la loi entre ces deux pays pendant leur transition vers l'indépendance. L'analyse propose que le degré des divisions ethniques à influencer la culture politique de la masse lors de la transition au suffrage universel vers la fin de la période coloniale. C'était le facteur critique qui a déterminé si la violence et le favoritisme politiques étaient institutionnalisés, ce qui a conduit à la détérioration de la capacité de l'état à promouvoir la légitimité de la loi. Des divergences entourant quatre éléments-clés (la présence d'une corrélation race-classe sociale, le niveau d'identification de la population Afro-Antillaise à la communauté nationale, l'orientation de la religion de la classe inférieure envers l'ordre établi, et les conditions qui ont facilité l'autonomie culturelle des classes inférieures) se sont développés entre les deux îles pendant le début de l'ère coloniale et ont influencé le développement des divisions ethniques entre les classes, entraînant une influence de la culture politique de la masse. En Jamaique, la division ethnique entre les classes moyennes et inférieures ont poussé ces dernières à adopter une culture politique qui défiait l'autorité de l'état colonial, qui, combiné avec l'inaction des autorités coloniales, a eu pour résultat l'établissement d'un système politique démocratique basé sur la violence, l'absence de lois et le patronage durant cette période critique d'instabilité sur l'île (la transition vers le suffrage universel et l'indépendance). À la Barbade, l'absence de divisions ethniques a entraîné l'adoption de la culture politique par la masse. Il y avait une large acceptation de la légitimité de l'autorité judiciaire de l'État, avec tous les principaux partis politiques faisant appel à l'électorat sur une base rationnelle, ce qui a empêché l'escalade et l'institutionnalisation de la violence politique et du favoritisme. Par ailleurs, la compatibilité entre la culture politique et la structure d'autorité de l'État à la Barbade a constitué le fondement d'une légitimité de la loi forte pendant la période post-coloniale.
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Crooks, Donneth. "Development and Testing of the Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI): A Composite Indicator to Measure Social Vulnerability in the Jamaican Elderly Population". FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/186.
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Over the last two decades social vulnerability has emerged as a major area of study, with increasing attention to the study of vulnerable populations. Generally, the elderly are among the most vulnerable members of any society, and widespread population aging has led to greater focus on elderly vulnerability. However, the absence of a valid and practical measure constrains the ability of policy-makers to address this issue in a comprehensive way. This study developed a composite indicator, The Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI), and used it to undertake a comparative analysis of the availability of support for elderly Jamaicans based on their access to human, material and social resources. The results of the ESVI indicated that while the elderly are more vulnerable overall, certain segments of the population appear to be at greater risk. Females had consistently lower scores than males, and the oldest-old had the highest scores of all groups of older persons. Vulnerability scores also varied according to place of residence, with more rural parishes having higher scores than their urban counterparts. These findings support the political economy framework which locates disadvantage in old age within political and ideological structures. The findings also point to the pervasiveness and persistence of gender inequality as argued by feminist theories of aging. Based on the results of the study it is clear that there is a need for policies that target specific population segments, in addition to universal policies that could make the experience of old age less challenging for the majority of older persons. Overall, the ESVI has displayed usefulness as a tool for theoretical analysis and demonstrated its potential as a policy instrument to assist decision-makers in determining where to target their efforts as they seek to address the issue of social vulnerability in old age. Data for this study came from the 2001 population and housing census of Jamaica, with multiple imputation for missing data. The index was derived from the linear aggregation of three equally weighted domains, comprised of eleven unweighted indicators which were normalized using z-scores. Indicators were selected based on theoretical relevance and data availability.
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Stenstad, Camilla Charlotte. "BLACK ROSES Faces of Jamaican Youth : - The Significance of Identity and Place". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17041.
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Youth is a contested term which has been described as difficult to define and ‘pin down analytically’ (De Boek and Honwana 2005:3). In much youth development related issues, youth is categorised as a person between the ages of 15-24, which is defining a person only in terms of one’s chronological age. Age is a good indicator of where in life a person is, I used thus a wider range to include also older youth. Youth are often viewed in relation to other social categories as adults or children, and notions of youth are often as becomings, dependent, powerless, rebellious, risky (behaviour) and irresponsible, a focus merely on ‘negative’ aspects of youthhood, are these notions really describing the general youth? This study explores given youth identities in terms of behavioural patterns of being ‘in place’ and/or ‘out of place’. Identities are in this thesis approached as socially constructed, and people can hold multiple identities. This thesis therefore presents different identity narratives of Jamaican Youth ‘faces’. I used qualitative research methodology to collect and analyse the empirical data generated during fieldwork in Jamaica, Port Antonio in the period of February to beginning of May 2009. Methods such as informal conversations, observations, key informant interviews and photography is the main sources of the collected data, but also secondary data has been used in the analysis to grasp the surrounding realities. The youth participants of this study, 37, are persons who define themselves as youth and are viewed as youth by the Jamaica society based on their activities and behaviour, and are not dependent of their age, gender, class or occupation. In addition twelve (12) adults have contributed to the outsider’s views. The analytical concept of place is used to examine youth’s different behavioural patterns, based on socially accepted activities which are preformed in socially constructed youth places. The social meanings that identity performance have for the sense of being ‘in place’ and belonging to a place are explored to examine how this affects their identity building processes within a specific place. Also outside processes as national youth policy making, media representations and statements from ‘locals’, are evaluated as contributing to the present perceived Jamaican youth identities. I found multiple constructed ‘faces’of Jamaican youth; ‘the naughty’, ‘the nice’, the sexy’, ‘the wise’ and ‘the runner’ , are presented. These identities are fluid and transferable between different places in society and in time. The participants in this study each hold several of these ‘faces’, but often one which are more prominent in relation to the place one uses at that time. The located youth places; the youth centre place, the marina place and the dancehall place, are sites where the identity building processes takes form and social identities are constructed in relations to the socially acceptable conventions in the places in which youth occupy. These social conventions and identities may be negotiated, modified, reconstructed, challenged, contested or resisted in the ‘never-ending’ identity and place production processes. Identity, which is a complex term, holds several of attributes within categories as gender, race, age ect., but none of these attributes exist alone, and place as a contributor to the identity building processes is in this thesis seen as significant in the dynamic relation to all the attributes a person holds, which are preformed at different scales in society, both to be ‘in place’ and/or ‘out of place’. The youth ‘faces’ in Jamaica are also related and part of the national identity, they should therefore be accepted rather than rejected as ‘unwanted behaviour’, since a person rarely just hold one identity.
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Tizeba, Hilda Charles. "The treatment of gender-issues and development in the Sierra Leonean transitional justice context". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6349.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)Transitional justice mechanisms have become commonplace as a tool for recovery for societies emerging from conflict and repressive regimes. The extent to which women's rights concerning development and long-term economic advancement in the arena of transitional justice is dealt with is almost negligible. The significance of including development as a means of protecting marginalised groups such as women has been mostly disregarded in the transitional justice context. Currently, the discourse on gender justice has placed civil and political rights as well as sexual crimes against women at the centre stage. Transitional justice mechanisms have failed to give effect to long-term sustainable and substantive change in women's lives following conflict and periods of repressive rule. The core aims of transitional justice are prosecution of offenders, reconciliation and reparations for the victims of gross human rights abuses. Reparations are usually used as a medium through which restitution and compensation for the harm suffered by victims are made possible. Reparations are also deemed as an essential element for the healing and recovery of the individual victim and the society affected by egregious human rights violations.
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DARKO, PHIDELIA. "EU DEVELOPMENT POLICY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VS. THE NEW SECURITY AGENDA : A CASE STUDY ON GHANA". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23826.
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Development issues have been the centre of most international governmental organisations for quite a long time. Most developing countries tend to depend on Western foreign donors to assist them in their developmental ambitions. Ghana as a developing nation also depends on it foreign donors to finance most of it developmental projects. Even though the European Union is an international governmental organisation that is much known for assisting developing countries with their developmental projects it is anticipated that recent occurrence such as the global economic meltdown, climate change coupled with terrorist attacks on most developed nations will limit or perhaps even halt the flow of development aid to developing countries as they might be more concerned with securing their territory rather than thinking of other people somewhere else.This is because such occurrences have resulted in raising a new concern, thus the New Security Agenda or Human Security. The Human Security in respect to its economic sector is what this paper deals with. This paper takes a critical look on Ghana’s Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (GPRS), as pertaining to the aspect of these papers that received developmental aid from the European Development Fund (EDF). It is proved here that almost all aspect of Ghana’s developmental projects in one way or other received funding from the EDF. The New Security Agenda in terms of its economic sector was rather found out to be a positive influence for developing nations like Ghana as a result of the country’s stability. This is because it was found out that rather than limiting the flow of development aid to Ghana, it is during this time that the 10th EDF budget for Ghana received the highest funding. It was later found out that all these developmental projects conforms to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which is also an area of concern in the New Security Agenda. All this occurrences are much more explained along a theoretical framework (thus the notions of liberalism, critical theory and constructivism). However other academic works on the subject matter was also comprehensively acknowledged.
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Haarmann, Dirk. "From state maintenance grants 'to a new child support system: Building a policy for poverty alleviation with special reference to the financial, social, and developmental impacts". University of the Western Cape, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8410.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDState social security transfers for families existed in South Africa only in the form of state maintenance grants, which paid up to R700 to single parents. The system was not appropriate in the South African context, being racially biased and financially unsustainable. The Department of Welfare - following in principle the recommendations of the "Lund report" - introduced with effect from 1 April 1998 a child support grant which is payable to the primary care-givers of children, regardless of their family status. The level of benefit was set at RIOOper month per child for children up to the age of six (incl.). The Department declared that 48% or 3 million children should be targeted. At the same time, the SMGs are to be phased out over a three year period. This research was conducted between November 1995 and March 1998. The analysis of the different suggestions during the policy process and the final policy is based on two pillars: • A situation analysis of the living conditions of South Africa's children on the basis of a composite index. • An evaluation of policy scenarios on the basis of a microsimulation model. The index tries to give a complex picture of the living conditions of children by looking at the financial situation, housing, health, and employment opportunities of the households the children are living in. The analysis reveals that nearly 70% of South Africa's children up to the age of six (incl.) live below the poverty line as defined. A further analysis of the household structure indicates that poorer children are likely to live in larger households. The overall policy shift from a support of single parent families to children in poverty regardless of their family status is espoused. However, the microsimulation model which analyses the impact of different factors like the 'level of benefit', the 'age-cohort', the 'means-test', and the 'administrative requirements', reveals that there are still serious flaws in the current policy. Due to the fact that the means-test is based on the total household income, nearly 40% of the children living below the poverty line are excluded. In addition, the administration needs urgent attention as its capacity is the decisive factor in the success of the programme. The thesis calculates that in the next five years up to R2 billion less will be spent on poor children and the goal of reaching 3 million children will not be achieved, if the problems identified are not addressed. The thesis develops an alternative suggestion to the current policy. While microsimulation has become quite a standard procedure in the analysis of social policies in industrialised countries, there is so far no application in developing countries. It is hoped that by taking this policy analysis as a case-study, this thesis is a step towards the introduction of this method here. Microsimulation models provide important information to enhance the transparency and accountability of policy processes. In this case, civil society was able to challenge Government's decision on a very informed basis, to put pressure on decision makers successfully, and to make workable alternative suggestions. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that against Government's promise redistribution does not take place. Instead a shift towards a more neo-liberal approach in social policy is observed.
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Howard, Kimberly Beth. "San Bernardino residents' participation in the planning and implementation of "Downtown Revitalization"". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2128.
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Chytka, Miroslav. "Regionální a strukturální politika EU - ekonomické a právní aspekty". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225439.
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The aim of my thesis on the topic „Regional and structural EU policy – economic and legislative aspect“ is a description of all important aspects of Regional policy EU and the performance of regional policy in the context of a specific project.
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Marule, Thabang Eniel. "Dispute-resolution processes in the Public Health and Social Development Sector Bargaining Council (PHSDSBC)". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3041.
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M.Comm.With the adoption of the 1995 Labour Relations Act (LRA) and the creation of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA), expectations ran high that the era of workplace conflict that had characterised previous labour dispensation would come to an end. The reality, however, is that parties have abdicated their responsibility in dispute-resolution, and have transferred this responsibility to the CCMA and Bargaining Councils. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the perceptions of users of the current model with regard to its effectiveness, flaws and challenges. Based on the data received, this study presents a case for a new approach to discouraging disputes from being taken beyond the level of the workplace. The following research questions were formulated: Given the prevailing lack of ownership by parties over dispute-resolution and the resultant rise in case load and costs, what alternative strategies could be adopted? With the introduction of such new strategies, what dispute resolution model would be appropriate to enable the parties to focus on the core issues and also reduce costs? These questions are based on the set of main problems and sub-problems. The main problems are the low dispute-resolution/settlement rate (the conciliation stage being a mere formality), even when arbitration takes place; and the lack of ownership for dispute prevention by line managers and organised labour. In collecting data I followed the triangulation approach which combined both qualitative and quantitative research. During the qualitative stage, I collected data by using unstructured interviews and audio-recording the interviews with the Secretary of the PHSDSBC. I used quantitative methods to distribute participants’ agenda points and to record the numbers returned. The same method was used to analyse the patterns and themes emerging from data collected. Forty-nine negotiators, shop stewards, human resource managers across the nine provinces, and staff in the office of the Secretary of the PHSDSBC, were selected. Because participants in the study were distributed over a wide area, my level of physical contact with them was restricted to the normal business schedules of the Bargaining Council, during teambuilding exercises, and during Employer Caucus meetings. As a participant in these meetings, I was able to adopt an auto-ethnographic stance. I analysed the data, using graphical depictions, and categorised it into thoughts and later into themes. The findings indicate that the current dispute-resolution system model, being reactive in its application, is time-consuming for the both employee and the employer.
Libros sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Kingston, Jamaica: Urban development and social change, 1692- 2002. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle, 2006.
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Brathwaite, Kamau. The development of Creole society in Jamaica, 1770-1820. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, 2005.
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Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Audit Bureau. An audit of Community Relations--Social Development Commission. [Madison, Wis.]: Legislative Audit Bureau, 1996.
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Neufville, Sheldon O. Directory of non-governmental organisations engaged in social development in Jamaica. [Jamaica]: Association of Development Agencies, 1996.
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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Compendium of social statistics and indicators: Social indicators of the Commission of Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, 2007.
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Ibáñez, Ana María. The social impact of social funds in Jamaica: A mixed-methods analysis of participation, targeting, and collective action in community-driven development. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.
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Central American Recovery and Development Task Force. Central American Recovery and Development Task Force report to the International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development. Durham: Duke University Press, 1989.
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International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development. The report of the International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development: Poverty, conflict, and hope. Durham: Duke University Press, 1989.
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S, Macdonald Donald, ed. Report: Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1985.
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National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy (Canada). À la recherche d'un consensus: La Commission Nord-Américaine de L'environnement et l"ALENA. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy (Canada), 1993.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Thomsen, Christa. "Sustainability (World Commission on Environment and Development Definition)". En Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2358–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_531.
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Holland, Jeremy, Steadman Noble, Andy Norton y Ken Sigrist. "16. Monitoring social policy outcomes in Jamaica: combined methods, democratic research and institutional change". En Methods in Development Research, 219–26. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440286.016.
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Walker, Judith-Ann. "Education, Social Change for Women and the Ministries of Education in Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago". En Development Administration in the Caribbean, 149–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599062_6.
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Benyera, Everisto. "South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Nigeria’s Oputa Panel: Comparison, Lessons and the Future of Truth Commissions in Africa". En Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 183–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00081-3_10.
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Mongkhonvanit, Pornchai, Chanita Rukspollmuang y Yhing Sawheny. "IAU: The Power to Foster Higher Education for Sustainable Development". En The Promise of Higher Education, 345–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_52.
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AbstractModernization theory, which believes that “development equates economic growth” and changes in social, political, and cultural structures are the pathways for societies to become modernized, has been the predominant paradigm for the development of nations for decades. However, the model was met with a lot of criticism, and there was a movement to rethink the real meaning of development and well-being. Alternatives for development were proposed, but the most widely accepted paradigm is “sustainability” or “sustainable development” which was defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in the 1987 Brundtland Report (also called “Our Common Future”) as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Under this development paradigm, programs, initiatives, and actions aim not only at the preservation of a particular resource but also at other distinct areas: economic, environmental, and social - known as the three pillars of sustainability. The Brundtland Report has had a worldwide impact. “Agenda 21”, a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable development to improve human lives and protect the environment, was adopted in the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, followed by many other agendas, including the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (2000–2015) and the present United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development or the 17 SDGs.
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Barros, Juanita De. "Social Welfare Policies and Population Questions in the 1930s". En Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0007.
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This chapter considers the extent to which many of the ideas and approaches concerning population growth and infant and maternal welfare in Britain's Caribbean colonies—particularly Jamaica, Guyana, and Barbados—continued to be expressed in the 1930s in the context of the West India Royal Commission (Moyne Commission) hearings. It also examines how Caribbean men and women influenced the commission by expressing their views about sex, reproduction, and morality, as well as making their own demands.
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Walker, Christine. "Nonmarital Intimacies". En Jamaica Ladies, 211–54. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469658797.003.0006.
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Chapter Five surveys the varied intimate and nonmarital relationships formed between free and freed people. A comprehensive survey of more than two thousand baptism records demonstrates that Jamaica had the highest illegitimacy rate in the British Empire. One in four of the children baptized on the island was born out of wedlock. This chapter explores the confluence of factors that led to the development of a sexual culture in Jamaica that afforded unmarried women more autonomy in their intimate lives. In contrast with other colonies in British North America, Jamaica adopted a remarkably lenient approach toward female sexuality. Women also commanded more authority and wealth, largely owing to their participation in slavery. In the absence of social censure and legal repercussions, a large number of free couples established families outside of marriage. Doing so protected women’s material assets and legal autonomy, which would otherwise be comprised by coverture—a set of laws that ceded a wife’s property to her husband. Instead, colonists used baptism rather than marriage to recognize, legitimize, and even legalize intimate relationships with free and enslaved partners.
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Bulanova, Marina Borisovna. "Rothstein's commission in the fight against non-marxist sociology". En Sociology and Society: Traditions and Innovations in the Social Development of Regions, 5788–96. Russian Society Of Sociologists of FCTAS RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.682.
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Nixon, Angelique V. "Negotiating Tropical Desires in Social and Physical Landscapes". En Resisting Paradise. University Press of Mississippi, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781628462180.003.0005.
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Chapter five offers another case study of a tourist dependent economy and local resistance to paradise discourse in Jamaica while focusing on the negotiations of what Krista Thompson describes as a “tropical landscape of desire.” This chapter examines the multifaceted approach to challenging neocolonialism and participation in “resistance culture” by Jamaican writer, activist, and scholar Erna Brodber. Brodber utilizes both creative work and cultural activism to resist exploitative consumption of the Caribbean; in the novel Myal and research project Blackspace and Educo-tourism. This chapter also considers the work of Jamaican filmmaker Esther Figueroa in her documentary Jamaica For Sale about tourism, unsustainable development, and the impact on the environment and working class Jamaicans. In comparing these two very different responses to the burden of paradise, this chapter offers an analysis of how environment and class work to complicate cultural and political activism and desire for ethical and non-exploitative relations within and through a tourism dependent economy.
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Askeland, Gurid Aga y Malcolm Payne. "Harriet Jakobsson, 2000". En Internationalizing Social Work Education. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447328704.003.0009.
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This chapter contains a biography of Harriet Jakobsson, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2000, for her contribution to international social work education. She fulfilled roles in social work education in Lund and Örebro universities and worked with refugees and with children in Africa and Asia, including leadership roles with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, and the Swedish International Development Commission. She contributed to the development of social work education in Lebanon as a professor of social. Her work with children reflected a strong focus on the rights and voice of children, promoting the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Fuady, Ikhvan, Ritha F. Dalimunthe y Elisabet Siahaan. "Performance Improvement Model of Civil Servant at General Election Commission". En 1st International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.15.
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Dennis, Shanroy y Dianne Plummer. "Determination Of The Most Feasible Configuration For A Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station In Jamaica". En The 19th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Prospective and trends in technology and skills for sustainable social development” “Leveraging emerging technologies to construct the future”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2021.1.1.565.
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GEMMA, Sergejs y Zane VĪTOLIŅA. "EUROPE 2020 TARGETS: THE PROGRESS OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF RIS3". En RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.056.
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The Europe 2020 strategy was proposed by the European Commission with an aim to improve European Union (EU) competitiveness and promote economic growth. For the successful achievement of economic growth using the Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) in the EU, the European Commission has set out five interrelated headline targets to be achieved by 2020 in the areas of employment, research and development, climate change and energy, education and poverty and social exclusion. The targets are translated into national targets for each EU Member State; at the same time, they are common goals for all the EU Member States to be achieved through a mix of national and EU actions. The authors of the research used statistical data on the Europe 2020 targets to detect progress or regress in achieving these targets, the accuracy of target value detection and the implementation of RIS3 in the EU. The aim of the research is to evaluate RIS3 progress based on the Europe 2020 targets. The following tasks were set: 1) To calculate progress on each Europe 2020 target for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using Eurostat statistical data; 2) To evaluate the calculated data and compare the data with those for the other Baltic States and the EU average; 3) To forecast RIS3 development for the year 2020 in the Baltic States. The research employed the monographic and descriptive methods as well as analysis, synthesis, the graphic method, the data grouping method and forecasting. All the three Baltic States have exceeded their target values on employment and education. Low indicators – just half of the target value – the Baltic States have on the share of the EU’s GDP invested in Research and Development. Other positions such as green energy, poverty and social exclusion mostly show a need for more active and effective action for achieving the Europe 2020 targets.
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Starostin, Alexander. "GLOBAL SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE COORDINATES OF THE SOCIAL INNOVATION CONCEPT". En Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-215-219.
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The article examines the processes of recomposing and revising methodological, theoretical, applied principles and approaches to social and humanitarian knowledge that have emerged in recent decades within the whole world and in relation to Russian society. As the key circumstances, the author highlights a sharp turn in local and global development associated with the collapse of the USSR and the social transformation of the Eastern European states (social transit), rapid progress at the opposite pole (China, India). Other aspects such as the rapid development of social and humanitarian innovations, the deployment of a new wave of multipolar globalization, generating new social realities of the micro and macrostructural level are mentioned. All this is relevantly reflected in the concept of global social transformations supported by UNESCO and the corresponding MOST program that is implemented with the participation of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO.
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PRAKAPIENĖ, Agnė y Jan ŽUKOVSKIS. "ADMINISTRATION OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN LITHUANIA: SYSTEM ELEMENTS AND OBJECTIVES". En Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.119.
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Changes in agriculture and rural development, along with the vast majority of observed changes within the management processes, depend on the aims and objectives of these processes. Lithuanian and EU strategic documents and related to them agricultural and rural development legislation as well as documentation describe agriculture as one of the priority sectors and highlights its impor tance in economic, social, environmental, ethnic and cultural points of view. This is reflected in the European Commission – Europe 2020 Strategy where agriculture plays an important role. Administrative institutions are obliged to adapt to the changes that have been taking place. This article considers the elements and objectives of the Lithuanian agricultural and rural development administration system
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ZAWOJSKA, Aldona. "THE PROS AND CONS OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY". En RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.158.
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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has generated a great deal of attention and controversy among research community, practitioners and the wider population. The aim of this study is to overview and to discuss the thoughts and comments on the CAP which have been addressed by both its proponents and its opponents in the scientific publications, political commentaries, official reports, pubic opinion surveys and social-media-based public forums. While on the one hand, recent public opinion poll (Eurobarometer 2016) indicated broad support among EU citizens for the CAP; on the other hand, other sources give some strong arguments in favour of reducing or even scrapping the CAP. The CAP supporters (including European Commission itself) highlight, among others, the benefits of this policy (environmental; cultural; social vitality; food variety, quality and security; maintaining of rural employment, etc.) for all European citizens and not only for farmers, while CAP opponents stress its unfairness both to non-farmers (e.g. huge financial costs of its policy for taxpayers) and small farmers (large farmers benefit most), heavy administrative burden for farmers as well as the CAP’s destructing impact both on the EU states’ agriculture systems and developing countries’ agricultural markets. The CAP is basically the same for all EU member states but the EU countries differ considerably in terms of their rural development. According to some views, the CAP does not fit the Central and Eastern European countries. It represents a failure of the EU to adjust adequately from an exclusively Western European institution into a proper pan-European organization.
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Leontyev, Alexey y Galina Reshina. "Evaluation of vehicle taxation in the Republic of Latvia by the method of variant optimization using relative single indexes". En 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.012.
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The European Commission has evaluated the consequences of the Latvian tax reform in 2018 and declared that the set target of decreasing tax burden for people with low income was not reached, yet the tax reform continuing implementation caused even greater social stratification. The goal of the study was to develop method for determining the rational tax on vehicles based on criteria of fairness and efficiency using an analytical approach. To develop such a method for vehicle taxation, relative single indexes approach as a part of method of variant optimization was used based on relative fuel equivalent coefficient. To analyse the current situation in Latvia and show possible ways of improving it, scenario analysis (three controlling cases) and mathematical modelling by using the developed method were carried out. Analysis of the first controlling case showed that the current situation in Latvia's vehicle taxation policy is not efficient enough from the point of the combination of fairness and efficiency. To improve the situation and achieve zone of optimum (the third controlling case) it is possible to shift tax burden partially from local taxpayers to taxpayers with foreign-registered vehicles. To comply with the recommendation of the European Commission, it is also recommended to set fairness as a primary criterion and make the system more favourable to the taxpayer (when operating in the zone of optimum). It can be achieved by using annual mileage as a base to determine the tax. If recommendations would be implemented partially, it is possible to reach the state (the second controlling case), where vehicle taxation is becoming optimal, yet any change in tax rates or procedures separately will lead to ineffective or unfair solutions. Overall the developed method allows to analyse and forecast most of the changes in vehicle taxation.
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Morton, John H., Steve T. Rowe, Rosemary C. Hargrave, Catherine F. Storey y Stephanie L. White. "Understanding State Variability and Recommendations for Minimizing Schedule Risk in Pipeline Siting and Development". En 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33504.
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States are facing multiple challenges around new pipeline infrastructure as a result of unconventional oil and gas development. In many instances, federal oversight of interstate pipelines has failed to keep up with state interest in new pipelines. However, some states lack an efficient centralized or streamlined siting and permitting process to accommodate new development. This paper examines the different approaches by various states and what oil and gas companies can do to minimize risk by balancing the competing public and private interests to obtain the necessary permits and approvals without delaying project construction. The paper includes discussion of both Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) regulated natural gas pipelines as well as crude oil and product lines not regulated by FERC. In addition, this paper provides a first-hand perspective on how public opposition can change the regulatory landscape during the course of a project using the Keystone XL Project as an example. After the Keystone XL Project ran into permitting issues, the Nebraska Legislature modified its law, directing the state to evaluate the environmental, economic, social and other impacts of the Nebraska segment of the project. Because the state did not have a specific NEPA process, Nebraska had to first establish a process to conduct the state’s evaluation and produce the functional equivalent of a NEPA document, resulting in project delays. This paper also describes how the evolving use of social media has provided a mechanism for rapid dissemination of information for both project opponents and proponents. There is a heightened national awareness that may now target certain projects based on impacts to select environmental resources such that just meeting the minimum regulatory requirements may not be enough moving forward. In today’s regulatory environment, strategic planning and communications are critical to raise awareness in advance of the potential opposition.
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Ruiz-Varona, Ana y Jorge León-Casero. "Social Risk Map. The design of a complementary methodology to vulnerability indexes applied to urban rehabilitation activity". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5060.
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Conception of urban intervention in the city is increasingly mutating from a physical urban renewal to an integrated urban approach. That is to say, measures concerning physical urban renewal should be combined with measures promoting education, economic development, social inclusion and environmental protection (European Commission, 2014). Current methodologies applied to the analysis of potential distressed areas are based on quantitative variables. The combination of these variables into a matrix characterizes the areas of the city that are subjected to different grades of intervention in terms of urban vulnerability and social exclusion. However, literature demonstrates that there are still few tools capable of measuring spatially which areas are the most sensitive to the decline in social relations within the city. Research on social maps suggests that potential attractors and risk areas can be identified from the design of a methodology based on the social perception of the public space. The application of this methodology to different case studies at the neighborhood level shows the correlation between urban vulnerability approach (quantitative) and social perception (qualitative). Indeed, perception and characterization of social risk areas empowers current urban vulnerability indicators for the integrated urban approach. Findings validate the utility of this methodology for the implementation of this model to cities and illustrate the social sphere of analysis as a platform from which to assess risk in urbanized areas
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Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal y Harikrishnan Tulsidas. "Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition". En SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.
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Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.
Informes sobre el tema "Jamaica. Social Development Commission"
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment y Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.
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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.