Artículos de revistas: "JL0599.5 West Indies"

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Steele, John C., Huw R. Morris, Andrew J. Lees, Jordi Perez-Tur y Patrick L. McGeer. "Atypical parkinsonism in the French West Indies". Lancet 354, n.º 9188 (octubre de 1999): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77614-5.

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Caparros-Lefebvre, D., V. Sazdovitch, M. Roudier, JP Brandel, JL Laplanche, JP Deslys y JJ Hauw. "Creutzfeldt-Jak ob disease in French West Indies". Lancet 353, n.º 9163 (mayo de 1999): 1495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00405-5.

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Multigner, Luc, Philippe Kadhel, Florence Rouget, Pascal Blanchet y Sylvaine Cordier. "Chlordecone exposure and adverse effects in French West Indies populations". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4621-5.

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Rodrigues, Kirton. "Oil source bed recognition and crude oil correlation, Trinidad, West Indies". Organic Geochemistry 13, n.º 1-3 (enero de 1988): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90057-5.

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George, Marcus L. "Effective Teaching and Examination Strategies for Undergraduate Learning During COVID-19 School Restrictions". Journal of Educational Technology Systems 49, n.º 1 (17 de junio de 2020): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934017.

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On Friday, March 13, 2020, all school teaching in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies was suspended until further notice because of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. This immediately jeopardized the completion of course content at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine campus. This article presents effective teaching and examination strategies that can be utilized in teaching undergraduates during COVID-19 school restrictions. The introductory digital electronics course of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of the West Indies will be utilized to demonstrate the merits of these strategies. The research will focus on demonstrating that the teaching methodologies utilized avoided the student performance from degrading below what has been experienced in the past 5 academic years. Student feedback on the methodology utilized is also incorporated in this article to highlight key benefits gained by students.

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González, Ana M. Martín, Bo Dalsgaard, Jeff Ollerton, Allan Timmermann, Jens M. Olesen, Laila Andersen y Adrianne G. Tossas. "Effects of climate on pollination networks in the West Indies". Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2009): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990034.

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Abstract:We studied the effect of climate on the plant-pollinator communities in the West Indies. We constructed plots of 200 m × 5 m in two distinct habitats on the islands of Dominica, Grenada and Puerto Rico (total of six plots) and recorded visitors to all plant species in flower. In total we recorded 447 interactions among 144 plants and 226 pollinator species. Specifically we describe how rainfall and temperature affect proportional richness and importance of the different pollinator functional groups. We used three measures of pollinator importance: number of interactions, number of plant species visited and betweenness centrality. Overall rainfall explained most of the variation in pollinator richness and relative importance. Bird pollination tended to increase with rainfall, although not significantly, whereas insects were significantly negatively affected by rainfall. However, the response among insect groups was more complex; bees were strongly negatively affected by rainfall, whereas dipterans showed similar trends to birds. Bird, bee and dipteran variation along the climate gradient can be largely explained by their physiological capabilities to respond to rainfall and temperature, but the effect of climate on other insect pollinator groups was more obscure. This study contributes to the understanding of how climate may affect neotropical plant-pollinator communities.

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LeFebvre, M. J. "Zooarchaeological analysis of prehistoric vertebrate exploitation at the Grand Bay Site, Carriacou, West Indies". Coral Reefs 26, n.º 4 (4 de julio de 2007): 931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-007-0255-5.

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THOMAS, RICHARD y S. BLAIR HEDGES. "Eleven new species of snakes of the genus Typhlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) from Hispaniola and Cuba". Zootaxa 1400, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1400.1.1.

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Here we describe 11 new species of blindsnakes of the genus Typhlops from the West Indies. Four of the new species are from southern Hispaniola and were previously confused with T. hectus Thomas. Seven other species are described from Cuba and are related to T. biminiensis Richmond. Diagnostic morphological differences distinguish all of these species, and at least three pairs are known to be sympatric. With these new taxa, 40 species of Typhlops are now recognized from the West Indies, all of which are endemic to the region. Nearly all species are found on single islands or island banks. We classify West Indian Typhlops into nine species groups, most of which exhibit geographic patterns. The West Indian species form two clades: the T. biminiensis Group with its 12 species is centered in the western Caribbean (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba) and the remaining species, grouped into eight species groups, form a large clade (Major Antillean Radiation) centered in Hispaniola, but with a closely related pair of lineages in the Puerto Rico region (7 sp.) and northern Lesser Antilles (5 sp.).

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Pleydell, Suzanne M., Brian Jones, F. J. Longstaffe y H. Baadsgaard. "Dolomitization of the Oligocene–Miocene Bluff Formation on Grand Cayman, British West Indies". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1990): 1098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-114.

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The Oligocene–Miocene Bluff Formation on Grand Cayman is formed of hard, white, finely crystalline dolostone in which the precursor textures and fossil microstructures are commonly preserved. The dolostones have a high porosity (up to 25%) because of leaching of skeletal material, which was originally aragonite, and dissolution of the bedrock during the various phases of exposure and karst development.A major disconformity divides the Bluff Formation into the Cayman Member (Oligocene) and Pedro Castle Member (Middle Miocene). Cavities in the Cayman Member are commonly filled or partly filled with caymanite, dolomitized skeletal grainstone, terra rossa, and flowstone. Available evidence suggests that the caymanite and skeletal grainstone were emplaced prior to deposition of the Pedro Castle Member in Middle Miocene times, whereas the emplacement of the terra rossa and flowstone postdates dolomitization of the Bluff Formation.Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that there was only one phase of dolomitization that was mediated by normal seawater. There is no signifiant difference among 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the dolostones of the Cayman and the Pedro Castle members. The average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70905 for these dolostones is significantly lower than the average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70917 obtained from modern seawater around Grand Cayman. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the dolostones of the Bluff Formation, ranging from 0.70900 to 0.70914, suggest the dolomitization occurred 2–5 Ma ago. The underlying cause of the pervasive dolomitization is uncertain. Although it appears that "normal" seawater was responsible for that dolomitization, there is little evidence pointing to why it occurred 2–5 Ma ago.

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Quénel, Philippe, Jade Vadel, Céline Garbin, Séverine Durand, Olivier Favez, Alexandre Albinet, Christina Raghoumandan, Stéphanie Guyomard, Laurent Yves Alleman y Fabien Mercier. "PM10 Chemical Profile during North African Dust Episodes over French West Indies". Atmosphere 12, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020277.

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The French West Indies are periodically affected by North African dust episodes (NADE) resulting in PM10 concentrations exceeding air quality standards. The aim of the present study was to decipher the PM10 chemical profile during NADE over Guadeloupe. PM10 samples were collected daily at a rural site and an urban site during five episodes between April and October in 2017. During these events, the median PM10 mass concentrations were, on average, 2 to 5 times higher than in the post-episode baseline period. Sampled filters were analyzed for their quantification of chemical constituents including carbonaceous fractions (elemental and organic carbon, EC/OC), anions/cations and levoglucosan, 51 elements, and 57 selected organic species. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was conducted to identify the specific chemical profile of PM10 during NADE: 16 elements were identified as the most discriminant between the NADE and the control samples with mass concentration levels twice as high during a NADE. Among them, only two (Mn and V) are classified as emerging pollutant while no limit values exist for the other ones. The extensive characterization of the NADE PM10 chemical profile we performed is a key step to assess the chemical exposure of French West Indies populations during such events.

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James, Amanda, Annie Page-Karjian, Kate E. Charles, Jonnel Edwards, Christopher R. Gregory, Sonia Cheetham, Brian P. Buter y David P. Marancik. "Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 Prevalence and First Confirmed Case of Sea Turtle Fibropapillomatosis in Grenada, West Indies". Animals 11, n.º 6 (21 de mayo de 2021): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061490.

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Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is strongly associated with fibropapillomatosis, a neoplastic disease of sea turtles that can result in debilitation and mortality. The objectives of this study were to examine green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles in Grenada, West Indies, for fibropapillomatosis and to utilize ChHV5-specific PCR, degenerate herpesvirus PCR, and serology to non-invasively evaluate the prevalence of ChHV5 infection and exposure. One-hundred and sixty-seven turtles examined from 2017 to 2019 demonstrated no external fibropapilloma-like lesions and no amplification of ChHV5 DNA from whole blood or skin biopsies. An ELISA performed on serum detected ChHV5-specific IgY in 18/52 (34.6%) of green turtles tested. In 2020, an adult, female green turtle presented for necropsy from the inshore waters of Grenada with severe emaciation and cutaneous fibropapillomas. Multiple tumors tested positive for ChHV5 by qPCR, providing the first confirmed case of ChHV5-associated fibropapillomatosis in Grenada. These results indicate that active ChHV5 infection is rare, although viral exposure in green sea turtles is relatively high. The impact of fibropapillomatosis in Grenada is suggested to be low at the present time and further studies comparing host genetics and immunologic factors, as well as examination into extrinsic factors that may influence disease, are warranted.

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Daugrois, J. H., I. Jean-Baptiste, B. E. L. Lockhart, M. S. Irey, M. Chatenet y P. Rott. "First Report of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus in the French West Indies". Plant Disease 83, n.º 6 (junio de 1999): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.588c.

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Unusually severe leaf yellowing symptoms, similar to those described for yellow leaf syndrome (1), have been observed in several sugarcane clones in Guadeloupe since 1994, and since 1997 in Martinique. Leaf samples exhibiting various types of yellowing were taken from five different sugarcane clones, and analyzed by immunosorbent electron microscopy. Spherical particles, 24 to 28 nm in diameter and characteristic of luteoviruses, were found in two of five samples. The two infected samples showed yellowing on the underside of the midrib and one had a pinkish coloration on the upper side. The presence of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV), the causal agent of sugarcane yellow leaf disease, was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (2) in these two samples and in 36 of 184 sugarcane clones bred in Guadeloupe and sent to Cirad's quarantine station in Montpellier, France. Following these observations, surveys were undertaken with a tissue blot enzyme immunoassay to analyze the distribution of ScYLV in sugarcane clones in the French West Indies. The midrib base of the first visible dewlap leaf was used to detect the presence of the virus in the phloem. In a first survey, clones of various origins worldwide were taken from germplasm collections. Two to three leaf samples per clone were analyzed from 78 clones in a collection in Guadeloupe and from 36 in a collection in Mar-tinique. Fifty of the 114 clones were infected by ScYLV, and ScYLV was detected in 21 of the 32 clones exhibiting severe leaf yellowing (score 3 or higher on a 1 to 5 scale). In a second survey, 19 leaf samples were taken from each of 53 clones from plants produced by Cirad's breeding program in Guadeloupe. The virus was detected in at least one sample for 25 of these 53 clones. ScYLV incidence in commercial fields was tested in Martinique in the variety B5992, which constitutes 57% of the cultivated area. Twenty leaves from different stools were sampled in six different fields, five of which had ScYLV-infected plants. The percentage of virus-infected stalks ranged from 0 to 90% whereas the percentage of stalks showing symptoms ranged from 50 to 100%. ScYLV appears widespread in the French West Indies, perhaps because a vector (Melanaphis sacchari) exists in Martinique and Guadeloupe. However, ScYLV was not found in all symptomatic plants, indicating that even if this luteovirus is a causal agent of leaf yellowing in the French West Indies, there may be other causal agents as well. References: (1) J. C. Comstock et al. Sugar J. 3:33, 1994. (2) J. C. Comstock et al. Sugar Cane 4:21, 1998.

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Coyne, Morag K., Brian Jones y Derek Ford. "Highstands during Marine Isotope Stage 5: evidence from the Ironshore Formation of Grand Cayman, British West Indies". Quaternary Science Reviews 26, n.º 3-4 (febrero de 2007): 536–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.06.013.

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Cadet, Patrice y Patrick Daly. "Use of nematicides to produce yam planting material free of Scutellonema bradys in Martinique (French West Indies)". Crop Protection 15, n.º 2 (marzo de 1996): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(95)00125-5.

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Miller, Matthew J., Eldredge Bermingham y Robert E. Ricklefs. "Historical Biogeography of the New World Solitaires (Myadestes SPP)". Auk 124, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2007): 868–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.3.868.

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Abstract Solitaires (Myadestes spp.) are montane-forest birds that are widely distributed throughout the New World, ranging from Alaska to northern Bolivia and including both Hawaii and the West Indies. To understand the origins of this impressive distribution, we used five mitochondrial gene sequences to reconstruct the historical biogeography of the genus. The resulting phylogeny indicates a rapid initial spread of the genus to occupy most of its contemporary continental range at least as far south as lower Mesoamerica, plus Hawaii and the Greater Antilles. The North American M. townsendi appears to be the sister taxon of the rest of Myadestes. Myadestes obscurus of Hawaii is more closely allied to Mesoamerican lineages than to M. townsendi. The strongly supported sister relationship of the two West Indian taxa, M. elisabeth and M. genibarbis, indicates a single colonization of the West Indies. A more recent node links the Andean M. ralloides to the Mesoamerican M. melanops and M. coloratus. A standard molecular clock calibration of 2% sequence divergence per million years for avian mitochondrial DNA suggests that the initial diversification of Myadestes occurred near the end of the Miocene (between 5 and 7.5 mya). Cooler temperatures and lower sea levels at that time would have increased the extent of montane forests and reduced overwater dispersal distances, possibly favoring range expansion and colonization of the West Indies. The split between South American and southern Mesoamerican lineages dates to ∼3 mya, which suggests that Myadestes expanded its range to South America soon after the Pliocene rise of the Isthmus of Panama. Despite the demonstrated capacity of Myadestes for long-distance dispersal, several species of Myadestes are highly differentiated geographically. Phylogeographic structure was greatest in the West Indian M. genibarbis, which occurs on several islands in the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles, and in the Andean M. ralloides. The phylogeographic differentiation within M. ralloides was not anticipated by previous taxonomic treatments and provides a further example of the importance of the Andes in the diversification of Neotropical birds. Overall, the historical biogeography of Myadestes suggests that range expansion and long-distance dispersal are transient population phases followed by persistent phases of population differentiation and limited dispersal. Biogeografía Histórica de los Zorzales del Género Myadestes

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DaCosta, V., A. McIntosh, S. Wynter, J. Harriott, L. Christie, S. Frederick-Johnston, M. Bailey, J. Frederick y C. McKenzie. "Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy versus Vaginal Hysterectomy at the University Hospital of the West Indies: A 5-year Retrospective Study". West Indian Medical Journal 61, n.º 9 (diciembre de 2012): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2012.275.

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Cordel, Nadège, Cyril Maire, Daniè le Gilbert, Philippe Courville y Benoît Tressières. "Afro-Caribbean pemphigus: epidemiological data from a 5-year prospective study on the island of Guadeloupe (French West Indies)". International Journal of Dermatology 52, n.º 11 (15 de mayo de 2013): 1357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12072.

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Raccurt, Christian P. "A new case of cutaneous infection by a presumed monoxenous trypanosomatid in the island of Martinique (French West Indies)". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, n.º 4 (julio de 2000): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90144-5.

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Théron, André, Philippe Brémond y Danièle Imbert-Establet. "Allelic frequency varations at the MDH-1 locus within Schistosoma mansoni strains from Guadeloupe (French West Indies): Ecological interpretation". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 93, n.º 1 (enero de 1989): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(89)90212-5.

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van den Burg, Matthijs P., Jeanelle L. K. Brisbane y Charles R. Knapp. "Post-hurricane relief facilitates invasion and establishment of two invasive alien vertebrate species in the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies". Biological Invasions 22, n.º 2 (14 de octubre de 2019): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02107-5.

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Snyder, Sarah J., Robert E. Schmidt, Erin R. McMullin, Bryce F. Parker y Hannah Lee Ferus. "Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Grant, 1958 (Reptilia: Gymnophthalmidae), a new record for the island of Montserrat". Check List 13, n.º 3 (22 de junio de 2017): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2153.

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Two species of gymnophthalmids are known to inhabit islands in the West Indies, the unisexual Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Grant, 1958 and the bisexual G. pleii Bocourt, 1881, but neither has been previously recorded on Montserrat. Small microteiid lizards were observed between 2008 and 2016 at 5 locations on Montserrat. Scale counts and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences of specimens confirmed them to be G. underwoodi. The widespread distribution of this ninth lizard species on Montserrat suggests that it has gone undetected for some time or has rapidly colonized the island.

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Pettit, George R., Gordon M. Cragg, Judith Polonsky, Delbert L. Herald, Animesh Goswami, Cecil R. Smith, Christian Moretti, Jean M. Schmidt y David Weisleder. "Isolation and structure of rolliniastatin 1 from the South American tree Rolliniamucosa". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1987): 1433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-242.

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Rolliniamucosa (Annonaceae), known in primitive medical practices of Indonesia and the West Indies as a treatment for tumors, has been investigated employing the seeds from a South American variety and the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia (PS) for bioassay. The principal antineoplastic constituent (PS, 28% life extension, at 0.25 mg/kg and ED504.5 × 10−5 μg/mL) was found to be a new bis-tetrahydrofuran designated rolliniastatin 1. Structural elucidation of rolliniastatin 1 was accomplished by a combination of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (300 MHz), mass spectral, and X-ray crystal structure techniques.

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Nightingale, S., D. Orton, D. Ratcliffe, S. Skidmore, J. Tosswill y U. Desselberger. "Antenatal survey for the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infections in the West Midlands, England". Epidemiology and Infection 110, n.º 2 (abril de 1993): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800068321.

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SUMMARYThe sera of 3522 women who attended an antenatal clinic in Birmingham. England were tested anonymously for antibodies against HTLV-1. Samples from 5 women (0·14%) were positive, one serum showed indeterminate reactivity. Two of the women (0·06%) were born in the West Indies (of Afro-Caribbean ethnic origin), one (0·03%) in Africa (of African ethnic origin), and three (0·09%) were white Caucasian women born in the UK. Thus, HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the UK, though comparatively rare, is not negligible. As transmission of HTLV-1 to the newborn via breast milk has been observed and as seropositive mothers can be advised to refrain from breastfeeding or to treat their milk, the question of routine screening for HTLV-1 infection during antenatal care is discussed.

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Jameer, Vaughn-Xavier, Ambika Mallian y Trina Halfhide. "Examining Solid Waste Practices and Littering at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus". Journal of Caribbean Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy 3, n.º 1 (agosto de 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33277/cesare/003.001/02.

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Littering is a rampant problem and rooted in human behaviour. This study aims to record, categorise, and examine spatial patterns between pieces of litter and trash and recycling bins across the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus. The geographic location of pieces of litter and bins (trash and recycling) were recorded and georeferenced to a campus base-map. A total of 10, 889 pieces of litter were recorded over the 7-day survey. The majority of litter was plastic (47.6%) and cigarettes (24.1%). The litter on campus was not evenly distributed. The kernel density estimation demonstrated that there was an obvious hotspot in the south-east of campus at the student activity centre (SAC), where there were more than 5 pieces of litter per sq. meter. The total of 182 bins was recorded and the mean distance between bins was 13.0 meters. Most of the bins were clustered in the southwest end of the hotspot, near the SAC. In addition, there were no recycling bins placed in this location. A recycling bin should be located in the SAC, as there are the most littering offenses, and recycling success with plastic items can be improved. Using a uniform colour for trash bins may increase proper solid waste disposal and reduce littering.

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Bonifay, Timothee, Lidvine Godaert, Yanouk Epelboin, Dominique Rousset, Maylis Douine, Hélène Hilderal, Cyril Clavel et al. "Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014–2015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas". Current Tropical Medicine Reports 8, n.º 3 (19 de junio de 2021): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40475-021-00242-5.

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Abstract Purpose of Review Although the chikungunya virus was discovered more than 60 years ago, it has only really been studied since the outbreak in La Reunion in 2005–2006. Ten years later, between 2014 and 2015, the chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas, affecting millions of people. The objective of this review is to describe the contributions of research on chikungunya virus infection gained from epidemic in the West Indies and the Guiana Shield. Recent Findings Prevalence data were similar to those found in the Indian Ocean or Asia during epidemics. Clinically, there is now a better understanding of the typical, atypical, and severe forms. Several studies have insisted on the presence of neurological forms of chikungunya infection, such as encephalitis or Guillain–Barré syndrome. Cases of septic shock due to chikungunya virus as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were described for the first time. Given the magnitude of the epidemic and the large number of people affected, this has led to a better description and new classifications of chikungunya virus infections in specific populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and children. Several studies also described the behavior of populations faced with an emerging disease. Summary Current epidemiological data from tropical regions highlights the risk of spreading emerging diseases at higher latitudes, especially concerning arboviruses, since the vector Aedes albopictus is already established in many parts of northern countries. A better understanding of the disease and its epidemic dynamics will foster better management, the crucial importance of which was demonstrated during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Panton, L. y H. Trotman. "Outcome of Neonates with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica: A Resource-Limited Setting". American Journal of Perinatology 34, n.º 12 (12 de mayo de 2017): 1250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603330.

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Aim To determine the outcome of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) at the University Hospital of the West Indies over a 5-year period. Methods This was a retrospective, descriptive study looking at all inborn neonates with MAS. Data on maternal and neonatal demographics, clinical course, and outcome were recorded. Descriptive analyses were performed. Results The incidence of MAS was 10 per 1,000 live births. Fetal distress was documented in 32 (30%) cases. Thirty-two (30%) neonates were postdates at the time of delivery and 32 (30%) neonates were delivered by emergency cesarean section. Seven (6%) neonates required mechanical ventilation and 16 (15%) required bubble continuous positive airway pressure. Seven (6%) neonates had hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 5(5%) had persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and 1 (4%) had a pneumothorax. There was a 1% mortality rate. Thick meconium beneath the cords, grunting, and hypoxia on admission were independent predictors of disease severity. Conclusion The incidence of MAS was similar to that of other resource-limited settings; however, the disease spectrum was milder with lower morbidity and mortality.

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Cellier, G., A. Moreau, N. Cassam, B. Hostachy, P. Ryckewaert, L. Aurela, R. Picard, K. Lombion y A. L. Rioualec. "First Report of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Associated with Huanglongbing on Citrus latifolia in Martinique and Guadeloupe, French West Indies". Plant Disease 98, n.º 5 (mayo de 2014): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0879-pdn.

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Huanglongbing is an unculturable vascular citrus pathogen transmitted from infected to healthy plants through grafting or by citrus psyllids, Diaphorina citri mainly in Asia and America and Trioza erytreae in Africa. This phloem limited gram-negative bacterium causes dramatic yield losses and is classified into three species based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis (2): (i) ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), the most epidemiologically active, widespread and heat tolerant species; (ii) ‘Ca. L. africanus’ (Laf), only found in Africa; and (iii) the newly described ‘Ca. L. americanus’ (Lam), which appeared in 2005 in Brazil (5). Considered as a quarantine organism in America and Europe, Las is actively affecting North America and Asia, and research is leading toward psyllid management and resistance breeding. Despite the fact that Reunion Island has successfully controlled Las by introducing a psyllid parasitoid, Tamarixia radiata (1), this strategy was less effective or reproducible within other territories. D. citri was first detected in Guadeloupe in 1998, where the control of the the psyllid population has been effective with T. radiata (3); and was first detected in Martinique in 2012. Following the outbreak in the United States and the Caribbean, and also supported by reports of symptoms in citrus orchards, local National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPO) organized a detection survey across both islands to verify the occurrence of Huanglongbing. Since 2012, 450 sites were prospected each year in Martinique and Guadeloupe, where 20 leaves from 10 to 30 trees were analyzed. DNA extraction was performed (DNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen) on fresh or dried leaf midribs, along with negative control midribs (Citrus paradisi ‘Star Rubis’) and PCR amplification was done with the species-specific primers A2/J5 (4) and GB1/GB3 (5). Only Las-specific 703-bp amplicons were obtained (n = 43) and 20 were sequenced (Beckman Coulter Genomics, United Kingdom; sequences available through GenBank Accession Nos. KF699074 to KF699093) and blasted against the National Center for Biotechnology Information non-redondant database (NCBI-nr). BLAST analysis revealed 100% identity with the 50S ribosomal protein subunit L1 (rplA) and L10 (rplJ) of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ (all strains), and no significant homology to other organisms. Additionally, sequence assembly on a reference genome (NC_012985) showed 100% homology. Huanglongbing was detected in Guadeloupe on March 2012 at Le Moule (East coast) in a Tahiti lime orchard (C. latifolia) and crossed the island in 6 months. Las was detected in Martinique on May 2013 on Tahiti lime (C. latifolia) at Bellefontaine (Northwest) in a private garden and at Le Lorrain (Northeast) in an orchard. Other species from the Rutaceae family were affected by HLB (C. reticulat and C. sinensis) on both islands; however, few of the positive samples showed HLB symptoms (blotchy mottle patterns and green islands on leaves), but presented symptoms similar to nutrient deficiencies. Despite the former presence of T. radiata in Guadeloupe and its detection in Martinique a few weeks after the detection of D. citri, where it had a mean parasitism rate of 70%, an outbreak of HLB spread across both islands. These analyses confirm the presence of HLB in Martinique and Guadeloupe and to our knowledge represent the first report of Las in the French West Indies. Introduction events remain unclear, but this report raises the importance of plant certification, psyllid population control, and surveillance of territories close to the French West Indies, with regards to the risk that HLB presents to citrus production worldwide. References: (1) B. Aubert et al. Fruits. 38, 1983. (2) J. M. Bové. J. Plant Pathol. 88:1, 2006. (3) J. Etienne et al. Fruits. 56:05, 2001. (4) A. Hocquellet et al. Mol. Cell. Probes 13:5, 1999. (5) D. C. Teixeira et al. Mol. Cell. Probes 19:3, 2005.

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Porter, Andrew. "Language, ‘Native Agency’, and Missionary Control: Rufus Anderson’s Journey to India, 1854-5". Studies in Church History. Subsidia 13 (2000): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002799.

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In the early years of the modern missionary movement there were many influences which turned minds towards support for the general principle and practice of reliance on ‘native agency’. Strategies of conversion such as those of the London Missionary Society and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions at work in the Pacific, which aimed at kings or other influential local leaders, at least implicitly allotted important roles to the leadership and example of highly-placed converts. Awareness of the scale of the missionary task in densely-populated regions, contrasted with the limits of the western missionary input, pointed to the need for delegation as quickly as possible. The Serampore missionaries, Alexander Duff and Charles Gutzlaff, all travelled early down that road. Financial crisis – manifested either locally as Dr John Philip found in South Africa, or centrally as when the Church Missionary Society decided in the early 1840s to withdraw from the West Indies - prompted inevitable questions about the possibilities for deployment of local agents, who were far cheaper than Europeans.

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29

Clapham, Phillip J. "Age at attainment of sexual maturity in humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae". Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1992): 1470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-202.

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Twelve female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southern Gulf of Maine produced first-observed calves at ages ranging from 5 to 7 years. These data confirm that most females of this species attain sexual maturity at an average age of approximately 5 years. Observations in the West Indies of two males, aged 6 and 7 years, engaged in breeding-related behavior that is characteristic of mature animals suggests that males attain sexual maturity within a similar range of ages to females, although they may not be able to successfully engage in intrasexual competition until later in life. These data imply that the examination of ear plugs to determine the age of dead humpback whales should be based upon an assumed annual growth rate of two growth layer groups, not one.

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30

John, Eden Natalia y Kegan Romelle Jones. "Evaluation of Unconventional Supplements to the Diet of Intensively Reared Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad, West Indies". Veterinary Sciences 7, n.º 3 (10 de agosto de 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030108.

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A feed trial was carried out to evaluate potential unconventional feed resources such as Trichanthera gigantica and moruga hill rice (Oryza glaberrima) as a partial supplementation to the diet of adult male agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina). Supplemental feeding of the agouti will decrease feeding cost to produce this animal and aid in sustainable agricultural practices. Male agoutis were used as this physiological state was the easiest to attain as well as male animals are generally used for meat production. The trial consisted of 16 male agoutis that were allocated into four dietary treatments using a completely randomized experimental design. Four diet treatments were used in the experiment; treatment 1 (T1) was the positive control which consisted of rabbit ration whilst treatment 2 (T2) to 4 (T4) had different ratios of O. glaberrima, Trichanthera gigantica and Rabbit Ration. The feeding trial had 8-week duration. T2 consisted of 5% T. gigantica, 35% O. glaberrima supplemented for rabbit ration. T3 had 10% T. gigantica and 40% O. glaberrima supplemented for rabbit ration. T4 consisted of 15% Trichanthera and 45% O. glaberrima supplemented for rabbit ration in the diet. Proximate analysis showed that Dry Matter (DM) and Ash was highest in T4 and lowest in T2. Whilst ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP) were highest in T2 and lowest in T4. Crude fiber (CF) was highest in T3 and lowest in T2. The weights of the agoutis at the start of the experiment (2595 g–2971 g) were not significantly different to their final weight (2469–2762 g) (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference seen between treatments groups and weeks of the experiment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the interactions between treatment and weeks (p > 0.05). T1 and T2 were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with respect to average daily gain (−0.98 g/d, −1.61 g/d) and weight loss (55 g, 90 g). T2 can be used as an alternative feed source than rabbit ration (control diet) for adult male agoutis. As the final body mass of the male agoutis did not change with the inclusion of 40% Trichanthera and Moruga hill rice, this substitution can be used to maintain male agoutis before slaughter. However, higher amounts of supplements may be detrimental to this animal.

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31

Ruas, Anne y Serge Lhomme. "Spatial Data modelling to study and improve waste management after hurricanes. The case of French West Indies". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 de julio de 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-317-2019.

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Abstract. In the past decades, catastrophic natural disasters such as storms and hurricanes have impacted millions of people around the world: around 33 million of people are affected per year between 2007 and 2016 (Bellow and Wallemacq, 2018). For instance, hurricane Katrina (USA, 2015) caused catastrophic damage from central Florida to Eastern Texas, at least 1836 people died and total property damage was estimated at 125 billion dollars. Furthermore, climate change is likely to increase frequency of most intense categories of hurricanes in some parts of the world and is expected to increase sea levels, leading to more destructive storm surges when hurricanes occur (IPCC, 2013). In the same time, growing populations and rising incomes are expected to place more people and property in harm’s way.Depending on their nature and severity, disasters can create large volumes of debris and waste (Brown et al., 2011). In some cases, debris volume from a single event were the equivalent of 5&ndash;15 times the annual waste generation rates of the affected community (Reinhart and McCreanor, 1999). Often, the debris removal process takes months or even years to treated (Pramudita et al., 2014). In France, storm Xynthia (2010) waste generation was equivalent to about 12 normal years (CEPRI, 2012). Thus, waste can overwhelm existing solid management facilities and the presence of disaster waste impacts almost every aspect of an emergency response and recovery effort (Brown et al., 2011). For instance, in the immediate response, disaster debris can cause road blockages. Moreover, if poorly managed, the waste can have significant environmental and public health impacts (Brown et al., 2011), such as water and air pollution.In this paper we present the Depos data modelling (named Depos-model) to improve the management of debris and waste after hurricanes. In the Depos project, funded by the French research agency (ANR), we intend to understand the process of waste management thanks to testimonies on previous hurricanes and to propose a digital modelling of waste management. In the following we do not distinguish debris and waste. The case study is the French west Indies (composed of different territories including the Guadeloupe and Martinique) and the very first island to study is the Island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea where Irma hurricane (2017) had huge impact. This hurricane was the most powerful ever recorded hurricane in Atlantic with sustainable winds of nearly 300&thinsp;km/h, with a gust to 360&thinsp;km/h. The research work began with a study from the association Robin des Bois to describe and estimate waste after Irma on Saint Martin. These experts were questioned to identify the key entities and actors involved in hurricane waste management. We set a first data modelling that will be questioned and improved during the next 2 years. The depos-model should be able 1- to replay what occurred during a previous hurricane, 2- to simulate different situations on fictive hurricanes and hopefully 3- to be used after a future hurricane to improve waste management. In this paper we do not include the actors although they are key elements in the modelling. To introduce the data model, we decomposed it in different part. We first present the waste (figure 1) before presenting the transportation of waste to waste treatment areas (figure 3).

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32

Sergent, D., P. Berbigier y J. P. Ravault. "Effect of prolactin inhibition on thermophysiological parameters, water and feed intake of sun-exposed male Creole goats (Capra hircus) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)". Journal of Thermal Biology 13, n.º 2 (abril de 1988): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(88)90012-5.

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33

Mattila, David K., Phillip J. Clapham, Oswaldo Vásquez y Robert S. Bowman. "Occurrence, population composition, and habitat use of humpback whales in Samana Bay, Dominican Republic". Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 1994): 1898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-258.

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A study of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) was conducted between 1988 and 1991 in Samana Bay, Dominican Republic. Humpbacks were observed as early as the earliest survey (3 January) and as late as the latest (16 March). Local abundance varied from 0 whales per hour to a maximum of 3.2 whales per hour (mean = 1.70, SD = 0.79), and densities calculated from track surveys ranged from 0.09 to 0.82 whales per square nautical mile (mean = 0.31). Abundance generally peaked in February, but variation was observed both within a season and between years. Almost all whales were observed in the eastern part of the bay, towards or at its mouth. In all, 397 individuals were photographically identified during the study period. Of these, 18 were observed in more than 1 year (17 in 2 years, 1 in 3 years). A total of 15.8% of identified individuals were observed on more than 1 day in a year (maximum 5 days), with mothers representing 33.3% of all resightings. Observed occupancies of resighted animals ranged from 1 to 33 days (mean = 6.3 days, SD = 7.14). The mean group size was 1.95 (range = 1–15, SD = 1.30, n = 652 groups). Ninety-nine groups contained a calf, and all groups larger than three (n = 45) were competitive in nature. Comparisons of fluke photographs with the North Atlantic Humpback Whale Catalogue revealed 141 matches of 118 individuals to other areas. Of these, 76 were to high-latitude feeding grounds (including the Gulf of Maine, Newfoundland, Labrador, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and west Greenland), while the remaining 65 were to other areas of the West Indies (Silver Bank, Navidad Bank, Puerto Rico, Virgin Bank, or Anguilla Bank) or to Bermuda. We suggest that Samana Bay is one of the most important winter habitats in the West Indies for humpback whales from all over the western North Atlantic, although whaling records suggest that the abundance of whales in this area may be a relatively recent phenomenon. Sightings of other marine mammal species in Samana Bay are summarized.

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34

Rodríguez-Cabrera, Tomás M., Javier Torres López, Ruben Marrero, Ernesto Morell Savall y Ana Sanz Ochotorena. "Sexual maturation in free-ranging Chilabothrus angulifer (Serpentes: Boidae)". Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 15, n.º 2 (22 de diciembre de 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v15i2p163-174.

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The Cuban Boa (C. angulifer) is the only boid snake in Cuba. It is the largest member of the genus, as well as the largest snake in the West Indies (> 400 cm in snout-vent length); as such, it is an iconic species of the Cuban herpetofauna. Although the snake’s natural history is poorly known, several studies describe aspects of its reproductive biology in captivity. Herein we document the sizes and ages at which both sexes reach sexual maturity in nature, and show that the Cuban Boa reaches adulthood at a much smaller size than previously reported for captive snakes. Based on the limited information on the growth rate of C. angulifer in nature, males must reach breeding size after 3 years and females after 5 years

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35

Rey, Tony, Frédéric Leone, Thomas Candela, Ali Belmadani, Philippe Palany, Yann Krien, Raphael Cécé, Monique Gherardi, Matthieu Péroche y Narcisse Zahibo. "Coastal Processes and Influence on Damage to Urban Structures during Hurricane Irma (St-Martin & St-Barthélemy, French West Indies)". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, n.º 7 (12 de julio de 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070215.

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This study aims to better understand coastal processes associated with extreme cyclonic events through the study of the coastal changes, flooding and damage that resulted from the passage of a category 5 hurricane (Irma) on 6 September 2017 over the islands of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy in the Lesser Antilles. Hurricane Irma was contextualized from tropical cyclone track data and local weather observations collected by Météo-France, as well as high-resolution numerical modelling. Field work involved the study of accretion coasts through qualitative observations, topo-morphological and sedimentary surveys, as well as image acquisition with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys during two trips that were made 2 and 8 months after the catastrophe. Wave propagation and flood numerical models are presented and compared to field data. Our field analysis also reports on the devastating impacts of storm surges and waves, which reached 4 and 10 meters height, respectively, especially along east-facing shores. The approaches reveal a variety of morpho-sedimentary responses over both natural and highly urbanized coasts. The analysis shows the effects of coastal structures and streets on flow channeling, on the amplification of some erosion types, and on water level increase. Positive spatial correlation is found between damage intensity and marine flood depth. The signatures of ocean-induced damage are clear and tend to validate the relevance of the intensity scale used in this study.

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36

SUÁREZ, WILLIAM y STORRS L. OLSON. "Systematics and distribution of the living and fossil small barn owls of the West Indies (Aves: Strigiformes: Tytonidae)". Zootaxa 4830, n.º 3 (14 de agosto de 2020): 544–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4830.3.4.

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After reviewing the systematics and distribution of the living and fossil small West Indian taxa of Tytonidae (Tyto), we reached the following conclusions: (1) Strix tuidara J. E. Gray, 1827, type locality of Brazil, is the earliest available and correct name to be used in a binomen for New World mainland barn owls; (2) the North American mainland subspecies Tyto tuidara pratincola (Bonaparte, 1838), new combination, is resident in the Bahamas (“Tyto perlatus lucayanus” Riley, 1913, is a synonym), where it probably did not colonize until after the European introduction of Rattus Fischer, in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) where it became established in the 20th century, and subsequently in Puerto Rico; (3) Tyto furcata (Temminck, 1827) of Cuba, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands is a different species restricted to its insular distribution, with “T. alba niveicauda” Parkes & Phillips, 1978, of the Isle of Pines (now Isla de la Juventud) as a synonym; (4) the distinct species Tyto glaucops (Kaup, 1852), now endemic to Hispaniola, once occurred in Puerto Rico, as the fossil species “T. cavatica” Wetmore, 1920, is here shown to be a synonym; (5) the smallest taxon Tyto insularis (Pelzeln, 1872) of the southern Lesser Antilles is treated as a separate species, in which the nominate subspecies T. i. insularis (St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines) differs slightly but consistently in coloration from T. i. nigrescens (Lawrence, 1878) of Dominica; (6) another barn owl, Tyto maniola, new species, of this group of small tytonids from the West Indies inhabited Cuba during part of the Quaternary, and is here named and described.

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37

ORENSKY, LARA D. y JASON D. WILLIAMS. "Morphology and ecology of a new sexually dimorphic species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with hermit crabs from Jamaica, West Indies". Zoosymposia 2, n.º 1 (31 de agosto de 2009): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.2.1.17.

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A new commensal species of Polydora was found associated with hermit crabs from shallow subtidal coral reefs in Jamaica, West Indies, in 2005 and 2006. Polydora nanomon sp. nov. is the third known obligate commensal polydorid of hermit crabs. The species is found in approximately 20% of the gastropod shells, most commonly Leucozonia nassa leucozonalis (Lamarck, 1822), inhabited by Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791) and other hermit crab hosts. P. nanomon sp. nov. produces a hole in the apex of the shell, enters the lumen of the uppermost whorl, and connects to the columella with a tube of mucus and detritus. One large female (up to 70 setigers) is found in the apex with up to four smaller males (generally <30 setigers). Females are distinguished from other species of Polydora by the morphology of the major spines of setiger 5. In addition to a horizontal row of major spines with two lateral teeth, companion setae, and ventral capillaries, setiger 5 contains a group of superior accessory spines, including one large falcate spine with a channel extending down the shaft, one spine with a low rounded tooth, and one companion seta. P. nanomon sp. nov. exhibits sexual dimorphism with the males being much smaller than females, having a reduced first segment, and lacking accessory spines on setiger 4 (= setiger 5 on females). The occurrence of sexual dimorphism within the family Spionidae is reviewed.

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38

Uzel, André-Pierre, Jacqueline Deloumeaux, Jean-Louis Rouvillain, Georges-Yves Laflamme, Alain Durandeau y Philippe Caix. "Comparative study of femoral diaphyseal morphometry in two male populations, in France and a French West Indies island: an example of clinical relevance of comparative anatomy for orthopedic practice". Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 33, n.º 3 (2 de septiembre de 2010): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-010-0722-5.

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39

Zahibo, N. y E. N. Pelinovsky. "Evaluation of tsunami risk in the Lesser Antilles". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 1, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2001): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-1-221-2001.

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Abstract. The main goal of this study is to give the preliminary estimates of the tsunami risks for the Lesser Antilles. We investigated the available data of the tsunamis in the French West Indies using the historical data and catalogue of the tsunamis in the Lesser Antilles. In total, twenty-four (24) tsunamis were recorded in this area for last 400 years; sixteen (16) events of the seismic origin, five (5) events of volcanic origin and three (3) events of unknown source. Most of the tsunamigenic earthquakes (13) occurred in the Caribbean, and three tsunamis were generated during far away earthquakes (near the coasts of Portugal and Costa Rica). The estimates of tsunami risk are based on a preliminary analysis of the seismicity of the Caribbean area and the historical data of tsunamis. In particular, we investigate the occurrence of historical extreme runup tsunami data on Guadeloupe, and these data are revised after a survey in Guadeloupe.

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40

Wilson, Brent. "Trouble in Paradise? A comparison of 1953 and 2005 benthonic foraminiferal seafloor assemblages at the Ibis Field, offshore eastern Trinidad, West Indies". Journal of Micropalaeontology 25, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2006): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.25.2.157.

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Abstract. Foraminiferal communities are not static, but change in response to environmental perturbations. Given sufficient time, the change will be recorded in the total (live+dead) seafloor assemblage, from which valuable information regarding environmental trends can be obtained by re-sampling assemblages at the decadal scale.The seafloor assemblage in the 5 km × 6 km Ibis Field, off southeast Trinidad, first surveyed in 1953, was re-examined in 2005. The fauna had changed markedly between the surveys. Overall increases in the proportional abundances of Uvigerina subperegrina, Ammonia pauciloculata/Rolhausenia rolhauseni and Pseudononion atlanticum indicate an increase in nutrient supply that apparently killed off Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus and Miliolinella subrotunda, and reduced the relative abundance of Hanzawaia concentrica, but did not affect the relative abundance of Cancris sagrai. As shown by similar 1953 and 2005 planktonic/benthonic foraminiferal ratios, the increased nutrient supply impacted on both surface and bottom waters.Of the six most abundant species in 2005, five showed the same general biogeographical distributions within the field in 1953 and 2005. However, whereas the proportional abundance of Uvigerina subperegrina in 1953 increased southwards, in 2005 it increased northwards.Trinidad cannot be the source for the nutrient enrichment: the island lies down-current from the Ibis Field. Sources must therefore be sought up-current and to the southeast, in the Amazon, Essequibo and Orinoco river basins, or along the South American shoreline. It is speculated that the nutrient enrichment may be a consequence of increased phytoplankton primary production associated with nitrogen-rich run-off from South American sugarcane plantations, or from flushing of organic carbon from poorly regulated sewage systems or shrimp farms in South America.

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41

DUBEY, J. P., L. MOURA, D. MAJUMDAR, N. SUNDAR, G. V. VELMURUGAN, O. C. H. KWOK, P. KELLY, R. C. KRECEK y C. SU. "Isolation and characterization of viableToxoplasma gondiiisolates revealed possible high frequency of mixed infection in feral cats (Felis domesticus) from St Kitts, West Indies". Parasitology 136, n.º 6 (30 de abril de 2009): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009006015.

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SUMMARYCats are essential in the epidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiibecause they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts in nature. Samples of serum, feces, and tissues from feral cats from St Kitts, West Indies were examined forT. gondiiinfection. Antibodies toT. gondiiwere assayed by the modified agglutination test, and found in 71 of 96 (73·9%) of cats with titres of 1:10 in six, 1: 20 in six,1:40 in seven,1: 80 in three, 1: 160 in 10, 1:320 in 13, 1:640 in nine, and 1:1,280 or higher in 17. Tissues of 10 cats were bio-assayed in mice.Toxoplasma gondiiwas isolated from tissues of 7 cats; from hearts of 6, from tongue of 5, and brains of 3 cats. All 7 isolates were avirulent for mice.Toxoplasma gondiioocysts were not found in the feces of 51 cats. Genotyping of these 7T. gondiiisolates by 10 multi-locus PCR-RFLP markers, including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and an apicoplast marker, Apico, revealed 4 genotypes, including clonal Type II, Type III and 2 unique genotypes. Five of the 7 cats had infection with 2 genotypes, indicating high frequency of mixed infection in the cat population on the St Kitts island.

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42

Baker, Philip. "Africa - Hubert Devonish (ed.): Working papers in linguistics, 1. (UWILing). iv, 77 pp. Mona (Jamaica): Department of Language and Linguistics, University of the West Indies. 1995. US$5." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 60, n.º 2 (junio de 1997): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00037149.

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43

Muricy, G. y J. V. Minervino. "A new species of Gastrophanella from central western Atlantic, with a discussion of the family Siphonidiidae (Demospongiae: Lithistida)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, n.º 4 (agosto de 2000): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002411.

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A new species of Gastrophanella, G. cavernicola sp. nov. (Demospongiae: Siphonidiidae), is described from submarine caves in Fernando de Noronha Island (north-east Brazil), Carrie Bow Cay and Columbus Cay, Belize (central Western Atlantic), at depths of 5-30 m. It differs from all other species of the genus by its lobate shape with thin superficial canals and centrotylote tylostrongyles. Gastrophanella cavernicola sp. nov. is the second record of the genus Gastrophanella from both Brazil and the Caribbean. It is the sixth ‘lithistid’ sponge reported from the Brazilian coast, whereas at least 32 other desma-bearing sponges are known from the Caribbean. The genus now includes five valid species, G. implexa Schmidt from the West Indies (type species), G. mammilliformis Burton from South Africa, G. primore Gómez from the Pacific Coast of Mexico, G. stylifera Mothes & Silva from south Brazil, and G. cavernicola sp. nov. from north-east Brazil and Belize. Aciculites oxytylota Lévi & Lévi from New Caledonia is transferred to Siphonidium Schmidt. The family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, which is probably related to order Hadromerida, is redefined to contain only Siphonidium and Gastrophanella, both with fused rhizoclone desmas associated to microspined exotyles.

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44

Smith, R. B., P. Schafer, D. Kirshbaum y E. Regina. "Orographic Enhancement of Precipitation inside Hurricane Dean". Journal of Hydrometeorology 10, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2009): 820–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm1057.1.

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Abstract On 17 August 2007, the center of Hurricane Dean passed within 92 km of the mountainous island of Dominica in the West Indies. Despite its distance from the island and its category 1–2 state, Dean brought significant total precipitation exceeding 500 mm and caused numerous landslides. Four rain gauges, a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image, and 5-min radar scans from Guadeloupe and Martinique are used to determine the storm’s structure and the mountains’ effect on precipitation. The encounter is best described in three phases: (i) an east-northeast dry flow with three isolated drifting cells; (ii) a brief passage of the narrow outer rainband; and (iii) an extended period with south-southeast airflow in a nearly stationary spiral rainband. In this final phase, from 1100 to 2400 UTC, heavy rainfall from the stationary rainband was doubled by orographic enhancement. This enhancement pushed the sloping soils past the landslide threshold. The enhancement was caused by a modified seeder–feeder accretion mechanism that created a “dipole” pattern of precipitation, including a dry zone over the ocean in the lee. In contrast to normal trade-wind conditions, no terrain triggering of convection was identified in the hurricane environment.

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Antunes Murata, Fernando H., Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Peter C. Thompson, Keshaw Tiwari, Joseph D. Mowery, Shiv K. Verma, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Ravindra N. Sharma y Jitender P. Dubey. "Sarcocystis cymruensis: discovery in Western Hemisphere in the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies: redescription, molecular characterization, and transmission to IFN-γ gene knockout mice via sporocysts from experimentally infected domestic cat (Felis catus)". Parasitology Research 117, n.º 4 (19 de febrero de 2018): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5799-5.

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Dondin, Frédéric, Lloyd Lynch, Chan Ramsingh, Graham Ryan, Ilias Papadopoulous, Daniel Rueppel, Erouscilla Joseph et al. "The University of the West Indies-Seismic Research Centre Volcano Monitoring Network: Evolution since 1953 and Challenges in Maintaining a State-of-the-Art Network in a Small Island Economy". Geosciences 9, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020071.

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The Seismic Research Centre (SRC), formerly known as the Seismic Research Unit (SRU), of the University of the West Indies is located on the island of Trinidad in the Eastern Caribbean. The centre has been operating its volcanological and seismological surveillance network since 1953. Since that time, the network has been upgraded five times resulting in five generations of seismic network topologies (i.e., Classes). Class 1 consisted of autonomously operated photographic recording stations, a purely analogue configuration. From Class 2 to Class 5 (current class) the network has continuously grown in scope, sophistication and capability. The evolution of the network was carried out using a combination of state-of-the-art instruments as well as trailing edge technology (e.g., analogue transmission) used in a manner that allows for sustainability. In this way, the network has been able to address the scientific and technical challenges associated with operating in an island arc subduction zone which is exposed to other natural hazards such as hurricanes. To counter its operational constrains the SRC has developed several strategies, which contribute to: (i) expand the network to meet the demand for more timely and accurate surveillance of geohazards, (ii) broaden the range of monitoring techniques (e.g., cGPS, geochemical), (iii) capture research grade scientific data and (iv) reduce operational costs.

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Wen, Shi Wu, Josee Champagne, Ruth Rennicks White, Doug Coyle, William Fraser, Graeme Smith, Dean Fergusson y Mark C. Walker. "Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy on Preeclampsia: The Folic Acid Clinical Trial Study". Journal of Pregnancy 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/294312.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is hypertension with proteinuria that develops during pregnancy and affects at least 5% of pregnancies. The Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy on Preeclampsia: the Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT) aims to recruit 3,656 high risk women to evaluate a new prevention strategy for PE: supplementation of folic acid throughout pregnancy. Pregnant women with increased risk of developing PE presenting to a trial participating center between 80/7and 166/7weeks of gestation are randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio to folic acid 4.0 mg or placebo after written consent is obtained. Intent-to-treat population will be analyzed. The FACT study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in 2009, and regulatory approval from Health Canada was obtained in 2010. A web-based randomization system and electronic data collection system provide the platform for participating centers to randomize their eligible participants and enter data in real time. To date we have twenty participating Canadian centers, of which eighteen are actively recruiting, and seven participating Australian centers, of which two are actively recruiting. Recruitment in Argentina, UK, Netherlands, Brazil, West Indies, and United States is expected to begin by the second or third quarter of 2013. This trial is registered withNCT01355159.

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Balkaran, Ramaa, Meghashyam Bhat, William Smith y Shivaughn Marchan. "COVID-19 Stressors among Dental Academics at UWI—A Caribbean Perspective". Oral 1, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oral1010005.

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COVID-19 is a pandemic that has affected health care personnel worldwide. Dentists have a high risk of contracting COVID-19 given the face-to-face contact required in daily interactions with their patients. This study aimed to determine the stressors experienced by academic dentists due to the COVID-19 situation in Trinidad and Jamaica. All academic staff at the University of the West Indies (UWI) dental schools (St. Augustine and Mona campuses) were invited to complete a self-reported questionnaire, which was conducted for one month from May to June 2020. Thirty-two dental academics responded and the response rate was 61.54%. More than a third (34.4%) were in the 25–35 age group, 71.9% were females. The most common speciality (20.7%) was restorative dentistry. Just over one-third (38.7%) had been in academia for 5–10 years. Most (40.6%) were apprehensive about infecting their family. When the locus of control was determined, just over half (53.1%) felt they were in control of protecting themselves while 34.4% felt that external factors controlled their lives. The findings suggest that academic staff at UWI dental schools (Trinidad and Jamaica) were stressed by the COVID-19 situation. The vast majority were worried about infecting their families.

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Sharma, Sangita, Xia Cao, Rachel Harris, Anselm JM Hennis, M. Cristina Leske y Suh-Yuh Wu. "Dietary intake and development of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire for the Barbados National Cancer Study". Public Health Nutrition 10, n.º 5 (mayo de 2007): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007220531.

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AbstractObjectiveTo develop a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) for the Barbados National Cancer Study (BNCS) that will permit examination of associations of diet with breast and prostate cancer.DesignPopulation intake data from the year 2000 Barbados Food Consumption and Anthropometric Surveys (BFCAS 2000) were used to derive a list of foods consumed by the population. A 192-item draft QFFQ was developed from this list.SettingBarbados, West Indies provides an ideal environment to understand cancer risk in African-origin populations, with high relevance to African-Americans. The BNCS is a population-based case–control study examining risk factors for breast and prostate cancer in such populations.SubjectsA total of 1600 persons, 18 years and older, completed a 24-hour recall in the BFCAS 2000. Fifty of 63 randomly selected residents (79% response rate) gave additional updated information on foods consumed.ResultsThe 50 participants provided a one-time 24-hour recall and completed the draft QFFQ. The final instrument contains 148 items: breads, cakes, cereals = 17; rice, pastas, noodles = 8; dairy = 10; meat, fish, poultry = 42; fruit = 16; vegetables = 26; soft drinks = 14; alcoholic beverages = 5; others = 10. Additional questions include supplement use and food preparation methods such as grilling.ConclusionThe final instrument is concise, complete and the most up-to-date for assessing the food and nutrient intake of African-origin Barbadians and the associations with breast and prostate cancer.

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Farías-Larios, J., J. G. López-Aguirre, J. L. Miranda y L. A. Bayardo-Vizcaino. "018 Use of Commercial Rhizobacteria for Root-knot Nematodes (Meloydogyne arenaria and M. incognita) Management in Acerola Plants". HortScience 35, n.º 3 (junio de 2000): 391A—391. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.391a.

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Acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) is a small, red fruit that is native to the West Indies, but is also grown in South and Central America. In western Mexico, this crop is very important because acerola is the richest known natural source of vitamin C, with a content of 1000 to 4500 mg/100 g of fruit. In nursery and field conditions, acerola growth is severely affected by root-knot nematode. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of commercial formulations of Bacillus spp. on root-knot nematode management. This study was carried out in the Farm Santa Clara Maria in Colima State. Acerola plants, 60 days old were used. They were grown in 3-L pots with soil, compost, and pumice stone mixture as substrate. Treatments evaluated were: 5, 10, 15 and 30 mL/pot of Activate 2001, Tri-Mat (5 mL/pot) and control, without application. Activate 2001® is a concentrated liquid in water suspension of Bacillus chitinosporus, B. laterosporus, and B. licheniformis. Initial nematode population was of 3,305 in 50 g of roots. Acerola plants were harvested at 30, 60, and 90 days after application. Results show that Activate 2001 at 10 and 30 mL rates reduce significantly root-knot populations in acerola plants 60 days after application with 135 and 178 nematodes/50 g of roots, respectively. Diameter stem, shoot fresh and dry weight and root production were also increased by rhizobacteria application. These results are promising and confirmed the potential of Bacillus as a biological agent for nematode management.

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