Tesis: "Judaism and philosophy"

1

Hames, Harvey Joseph. "Judaism in Ramon Llull (1232-1316)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389834.

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2

Rynhold, Daniel. "Justifying one's practices : two models of Jewish philosophy". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1522/.

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Judaism is a religion that emphasises the importance of a set of practical commandments and in the history of Jewish philosophy various attempts have been made to rationalise or justify these commandments. In this thesis I try to establish a general model for the justification of practices through a critical examination of two such attempted rationalisations. However, the study is framed within the more general question of whether or not there can be such a thing as Jewish Philosophy as a genuinely substantive discipline. Thus, I take the particular topic of rationalising the commandments as a 'case study' in order to see whether we can do substantive Jewish philosophy at least in the practical sphere. In the main body of the thesis I look at the methods of rationalisation of Moses Maimonides and Joseph Soloveitchik and argue that despite being based on very different scientific models they share a central methodological presumption that I term the Priority of Theory (PoT). I outline the main features of this PoT approach to justification and offer a critique of it based primarily on the argument from uncodifiability. I then offer an alternative method of justifying practices - the Priority of Practice approach (PoP) - based on an analysis of the Judaic concept of faith and certain remarks by Soloveitchik that are in tension with his main model of rationalisation discussed earlier. This PoP method stresses the limits of propositional approaches to the justification of practices and the need for a more pragmatic approach. In conclusion I consider again the framing question concerning Jewish philosophy, concluding that if we accept the meta-philosophical conclusions reached regarding practical justifications, the sense in which we can do practical Jewish philosophy is restricted more by the limits of philosophy in the practical sphere than by those of Judaism.

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3

McRobert, Laurie. "Emil L. Fackenheim, from philosophy to prophetic theology". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76905.

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4

Zhou, Xun. "A history of Chinese perceptions of 'Jews' and Judaism". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28636/.

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While prejudice against Jews has been regarded as a real and ongoing category in Western culture, little attention has been paid to the myths of the 'Jews' and their impact in countries outside the West. My work draws on a wide variety of source material from the past two centuries to examine the images of the 'Jews' as constructed in China. However, my interest here does not lie in the determination of the boundary between the real and fictional aspects of these images. Rather, it lies in the implications associated with the 'Jew' as an 'other', which remains a distant mirror in the construction of the 'self ' amongst various social groups in modern China. In China, representations of the 'Jews' and Judaism are very complex. Although these representations seem to correspond to images of the 'Jews' in Europe, it would be superficial to reduce them to purely 'Western influence'. Representations of the 'Jews' have been endowed with indigenous meaning by modernizing elites since the late nineteenth-century. Unlike anti-Semites of Europe who used the language of Jews as the mark of their inferiority, in China the difference of the 'Jews' has been marked by their 'non-Chineseness'. By creating the 'Jews' as a homogenous group, which acts as a constitutive outsider which embodies all the negative, as well as positive qualities, which were feared or desired by various social groups in China, theses Chinese could thus identify themselves as a integrated reference group: a homogenous 'in-group'. They are thus able to project their own anxieties onto outsiders like the 'Jews'. In this respect, it corresponds to a widespread fear, as well as need of an 'other', which can be found in many cultures and societies. The present thesis does not, however, supply the final answer. It is meant to be a historical study in order to point out that the prejudice about the 'Jews' is not merely a 'western problem', it exists in China. It therefore opens a field for general and wider discussions, not only about the 'Jews', but also about other 'marginalised' groups, such as 'blacks' and 'homosexuals'.

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5

Lierman, John D. "The New Testament Moses in the context of ancient Judaism". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272336.

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6

Lubitch, Ronen. "Dialektikah verharmoniyah betefisot hahistoryah vehameshihiyut shel ha-Rav Kook". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18612.

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Added title page in English: Dialectics and harmony in the concepts of history and messianism of Rav Kook.
This essay will attempt to examine Rav Kook's corpus of thought from the viewpoint of its systems of methodological foundations: dialectic and harmonistic. These two elements are the dominant components of his thought, both from the methodological and ontological aspects. As to the harmonistic element, it should be noted that Rav Kook's entire corpus of thought is stamped with the idea of monistic unity, and he believes in the unity of existence from the point of view of ontological monism. The monism is inherent even in the center of the theoretical method, or in the words of Rav Kook: "The various thoughts actually don't contradict each other, everything is but a unitary revelation which appears in different sparks".

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7

Stracenski, Inja. "Spinoza’s first philosophy and the knowledge of God". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24372.

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This dissertation is an interpretation of the first part of Spinoza’s Ethics. Its subject matter, Of God, is, when formulated in more definite terms, the question of the determination of being in relation to our understanding of the ethical in philosophy. Or put differently, it is the question of a complete redefinition of the relationship between the ontological and the ethical, as it emerged in the early modern period after the end of medieval finalism and in the wake of the new ontology of the infinite inaugurated by the scientific revolution. This dissertation argues that Spinoza’s Ethics is best understood within the context of first philosophy, i.e. within the early modern question of foundations as a system elaborated in order to prevent the breaking apart from what we usually call facts and values. Hence, that the overall ethical purpose of Spinoza’s ethica consists in elaborating a system of foundational knowledge claims to serve as a basis for future ethical matters in various disciplines. And since ‘first philosophy’ deals with the origin of our knowledge, this dissertation argues that Spinoza’s system was also designed to ethically redefine the very nature of philosophical knowing and hence introduce an altogether new understanding of philosophy. The aim of this dissertation and the suggestion for a different reading of Spinoza’s major work is to uncover, as far as this can be done with an analysis of the first part of the Ethics, that segment of early modern thought, which never materialised in history. For the gap modernity never closed, between the human and the natural world, became the parameters of reality within which we found ourselves. And in this, there is little doubt that the ‘God’ whom “we have killed” (Nietzsche) is nothing else than this ethical task philosophy did not successfully carry out at the beginning of modernity.

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8

Pietra, Laurent. "Le conseil politique rapporté à la figure biblique de Joseph". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100144/document.

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Le personnage biblique de Joseph, le fils préféré de Jacob, jouit d'une postérité universelle. Son récit vient de peuples et de textes plus anciens que lui et engendrera d'autres textes et d'autres communautés. L'étymologie de Joseph en fait plus qu'un nom: un principe d'augmentation, d'autorité, de conseil. Une foule d'individus, de phénomènes peuvent donc être décrits comme joséphiques. Dans cette narration modèle, Joseph, malgré les accusations mensongères, échappe aux processus victimaires en les comprenant et en pardonnant; cette singularité définit l'élection et fait de Joseph un éminent conseiller politique. Ce récit donne à la fois la formation de la nationalité juive et la formule du Juif parmi les Nations. Anticipant par son comportement les lois de Moïse, Joseph représente leur portée universelle et l’ambiguïté de leur universalisation. Cette universalité va favoriser l’adoption de cette figure messianique par les traditions chrétienne et musulmane.Il assume ainsi une riche postérité théologico-politique où la notion de conseil a une place cardinale: incarnation de la philosophie politique pour Philon d'Alexandrie, figure de l'élu dans la théologie et la politique de Calvin, confirmation des principes de la théorie du contrat social de Hobbes, formation de « l'humanisme de l'avenir » dans la narration mythique de Thomas Mann. Figure salvatrice qui permet d'échapper au mal, il permet aussi de penser une nouvelle institution pour les rescapés. Le conseil joséphique met alors en question le rapport entre conseil et commandement, et celui entre unité politique et unité spirituelle. Il constitue donc une matrice du conseil qui intéresse la philosophie politique
The biblical character of Joseph, the beloved son of the patriarch Jacob, is granted a universal posterity. His story comes from more ancient peoples and texts than itself, but gives birth to more stories and communities. Joseph's etymology makes him, more than a name, a principle of increase, authority and counsel. If so, a lot of individuals and phenomena could be described as josephic. In this model narrative, Joseph, despite mendacious accusations, escapes from victimal processes by understanding them and forgiving; this singularity defines the election and makes Joseph a prominent political counsellor. This narration provides simultaneously the forming of the Jewish nationality and the epitome of the Jew among the Nations. Announcing by his behaviour the laws of Moses, Joseph represents their universal significance and the ambiguity of their universalisation. This universality will allow the adoption of this messianic figure by the Christian and Muslim traditions.Thus he assumes a rich theologico-political posterity in which the notion of counsel is capital: embodiment of the political philosophy for Philo of Alexandria, figure of the chosen one in the theology and the politics of Calvin, confirmation of the principles of the Hobbesian social contract theory, formation of “the humanism of the future” in Thomas Mann's mythical narrative. As a saving figure that enables one to escape from evil, he also enables one to conceive of a new institution for the survivors. The josephic counsel questions thus the relations between counsel and commandment, and between political unity and spiritual unity. It is therefore a matrix of counsel that concerns the political philosophy

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9

Valevicius, Andrius Darius. "From the other to the totally other : the religious philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65997.

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10

Yinger, Kent L. "To each according to deeds : divine judgement according to deeds in second temple Judaism and in Paul's letters". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3521/.

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Paul's use of the motif of 'judgment according to deeds' corresponds terminologically, rhetorically, and theologically with its use in second temple Judaism. In order to demonstrate this thesis, the author examines the tradition- history of the motif in the Jewish Scriptures, the OT Pseudepigrapha, and the Qum- ran literature. By the beginning of the common era 'judgment according to deeds' is a widespread, fundamental theological axiom, applicable to a variety of rhetorical purposes. The motif has an important soteriological function within what is now commonly termed Jewish 'covenantal nomism' (not legalism). This judgment does not entail a one-for-one recompense of good or evil deeds, but views works wholistically (i.e., as a whole either good or bad), and thus as revealing one's 'way' of life or 'heart'. One's deeds do not earn or merit God's grace and salvation; nevertheless, one's recompense-the blessings or the curses of the covenant-will be congruent with ("according to") this pattern of behavior, since one's works reveal what is hidden in the heart, either loyalty or disloyalty to God and his covenant. Salvation by covenant mercy and judgment according to works are complementary. In both its form and function Paul's use of the motif places him firmly within this same tradition-history. In addition, he maintains the wholistic perspective of deeds common to the Jewish tradition. Although the term 'covenantal nomism' is not appropriate for Paul's thought (Christ replaces the Torah as the defining locus of electing grace), the fundamental structure of grace and works, election and obedience, salvation and judgment, remains remarkably similar. In Paul also one is justified by grace and judged according to works, issuing in eternal life or wrath. The juxtaposition of justification and judgment causes Paul no theological tension, because he inherited a way of speaking and thinking about judgment according to deeds which similarly related them without paradox.

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11

Leone, Alexandre Goes. "Mística e razão na dialética teológica rabínica: a dinâmica da filosofia de Abraham J. Heschel". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8152/tde-02022009-154047/.

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Abraham Joshua Heschel (1906 1972) importante filósofo do judaísmo de século XX no livro Torá Min Ha-shamaim Be-Aspaklaria shel Ha-Dorot, voltou sua atenção diretamente para a literatura rabínica tradicional, em especial para aquela contida no Talmude e no Midrash. Desta leitura hescheliana da literatura rabínica emerge uma visão dialética das correntes teológicas que animam os debates dos primeiros rabínicos sobre questões como o elemento humano e o divino na revelação, a imanência versus a transcendência de Deus, a relação entre a observância religiosa e o espírito por trás da observância, a noção de milagre e muitos outros temas do debate rabínico. Heschel identifica a partir de duas escolas de pensamento rabínico dos séculos I e II da era comum a escola de rabi Akiva de tendência mística e a escola de rabi Ishmael de tendência racionalista os dois grandes paradigmas que tencionaram dialeticamente o pensamento rabínico desde o final da Antiguidade e durante a Idade Média. Segundo Heschel, as duas tendências têm permeado o pensamento rabínico desde então. Desta leitura dialética Heschel tira várias conclusões sobre a relação entre razão e misticismo na experiência religiosa judaica, que além de aprofundarem o debate moderno sobre a natureza da experiência religiosa são também uma poderosa crítica contra as leituras fundamentalistas dos textos tradicionais judaicos.
Abraham Joshua Heschel (1906 1972), important philosopher of Judaism of the twentieth century, turned his attention direct to the traditional rabbinic literature in the book Torah Min Ha-shamaim Be-Aspaklaria Shel Ha-Dorot. He addressed especially the Talmud and the Midrash. From the Heschelian reading of rabbinic literature emerges a dialectical approach of the theological trends that animated the debates of the first rabbis Those debates review issues like the human and divine elements in revelation, Gods immanence and transcendence, the relationship between religious observance and the spirit behind it, the ideas on miracle and many other themes of rabbinic debate. Heschel identifies in two schools of thought of the first and second centuries of the Common Era, the mystical School of Rabbi Akiva and the more rationalistic School of Rabbi Ishmael the two main paradigms that dialectically tensioned rabbinic thought from the ending of Antiquity and during Middle Ages. According to Heschel, the two tendencies permeate rabbinic thought since them. Heschel makes several conclusions on the relationship between reason and mysticism in Jewish religious experience from this dialectical reading. These conclusions deepen the modern debate on the nature of religious experience. They are also a powerful critique against fundamentalist readings of Jewish traditional texts.

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12

Pizarro, Wehlen Lucia. "Philosophy, religion and the problem of transcendence : Rosenzweig's and Fackenheim's responses to Hegel". Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390962.

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13

DeBord, Charles Eugene. "Two responses to a moment in the question of transcendence: a study of first boundaries in Plotinean and Kabbalistic cosmogonical metaphysics". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/445.

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This thesis contrasts the Plotinean attitude towards transcendence at the cosmological level with that of certain Kabbalistic authors of the 13th-17th century. Special emphasis is placed on the different approaches taken by each of the two sides to addressing the origin of otherness. Following a brief introduction to the notion of the question of transcendence, the first major part (chapter II) is dedicated to an exploration of the Plotinean conception of metaphysical "descent" from the One to subsequent hypostases. The second major part (chapter III) focuses on Kabbalistic conceptions of the descent from the indefinite infinite to the finite (limited) realm. Finally, I attempt to illustrate the questions and concerns common to each of the two cosmologies. In so doing, I make use of semiotic concepts to clarify the contrast between the two models.

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14

Richter, Silvia [Verfasser] y Ephraim [Akademischer Betreuer] Meir. "Language, Philosophy and Judaism in the Work of Emmanuel Levinas and Franz Rosenzweig / Silvia Richter ; Betreuer: Ephraim Meir". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1178609758/34.

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15

D'Abreu, Rochelle Cysne Frota 1977. "Subversões teológicas em Espinosa = descobertas da potência filosófica". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280548.

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Orientador: Luiz Benedicto Lacerda Orlandi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A filosofia de Espinosa representou importante contraponto à filosofia moderna, ainda que o filósofo holandês tenha acompanhado todo o debate filosófico e científico de seu tempo. Em face dos problemas religiosos e políticos do século XVII, e diante das saídas encontradas pela República Holandesa para os problemas de política internacional e de inclusão dos outros, Espinosa se apresenta como importante alternativa de produção de um novo discurso filosófico, carregado de subversão e libertação política, o que proporcionou, por sua vez, uma emancipação do pensar filosófico tanto das inspirações religiosas quanto da mera redução do saber ontológico ao conhecimento científico. Essa subversão se desdobrará não apenas na crítica religiosa, mas no enraizamento da potência imaginativa que cria uma nova linguagem e novas expressões corpóreas
Abstract: Spinoza's philosophy represented an important counterpoint to the modern philosophy, although the Dutch philosopher followed all the philosophical and scientific debate of his time. In the face of the religious and political problems of the seventeenth century and the solutions to the problems of international politics and inclusion adopted by the Dutch Republic, Spinoza presents himself as an important alternative for the production of a new philosophical discourse, charged with subversion and political liberation, which led, in turn, to an emancipation of the philosophical thought from both religious inspirations and mere reduction of ontological knowledge to scientific knowledge. This subversion will unfold not only in religious criticism, but also in the rooting of the imaginative power that creates a new language and new bodily expressions
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia

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16

Cruz, Ricardo Souza. "Walter Benjamin: o valor da narração e o papel do justo". Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filosofia da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10871.

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O trabalho analisa alguns aspectos do pensamento metafísico do filósofo Walter Benjamin, assim como a importância da narração oral para a formação do sujeito, e o valor da alegoria em seus escritos. Para isso recorro à figura de Rabi Nakhman, um dos últimos representantes do Hassidismo. Seus relatos são originariamente orais que mais tarde foram transpostos à forma escrita. Estes possuem uma profundidade filosófica, mas é sua obra ficcional que influenciou um dos maiores narradores do século XX, Franz Kafka. Recorro a estas duas figuras por reconhecer em suas respectivas obras os atributos do verdadeiro narrador tão importante para o pensamento de Benjamin. Uma das principais características do movimento hassidico é ter transformado a mística judaica (Cabala) numa ética. É a experiência ética do individuo na história que no pensamento de Benjamin se transforma em responsabilidade histórica, responsabilidade essa que converge num messianismo muito particular. É a expectativa messiânica que se transforma na figura do Anjo da História. Os textos selecionados como base para a pesquisa são O Narrador, Experiência e pobreza, Franz Kafka: A propósito do décimo aniversario de sua morte, Sobre a linguagem em geral, sobre a linguagem humana, A tarefa do tradutor, Sobre o conceito da história. A metodologia utilizada na dissertação se realiza por meio da análise hermenêutica dos textos. A pesquisa conclui que o pensamento de Benjamin tem as características de uma obra aberta, onde essa abertura possibilita ao leitor o exercício do comentário. O valor espiritual que Benjamin atribui ao comentário, na história se torna uma experiência ética de caráter libertário. A tensão dialética entre metafísica e materialismo histórico nos confunde sobre o caminho tomado por nosso pensador, mas nos leva a pensar a lucidez de sua obra.
Salvador

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17

Buckley, Susan L. "A theological examination of the religious teaching on 'usury' within the three monotheistic traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and its relevance for the world today". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285520.

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This thesis examines the teachings on 'usury' found within the holy scriptures of the three great monotheistic traditions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The definitions of the term 'usury' are examined within the three traditions, and the teachings that developed relating to it i.e. in the Talmudic interpretation of the Rabbis in the Judaic tradition; the early Church Fathers and Church Councils in the Christian tradition; and in the hadith literature and 'Schools of Law' in the Islamic tradition according to the consensus of the ulama. This thesis maintains that the religious teaching on 'usury' had a marked and different effect on the economic development within each of the three monotheistic communities. In Judaism, which always regarded as usurious any percentage taken as profit on a loan, an internal and external economic system developed which distinguished between the 'brother' and the 'other'. This evolved as a result of the Deuteronomic teaching which was intended to protect a vulnerable community about to enter its 'promised land'. It was a sign of God's covenantal relationship with his people who were to be protected from the idolatrous 'alien' they would encounter. In Christianity, the Church struggled with the 'horns of the Deuteronomic dilemma' in terms o the universalistic teaching found in the Gospel of Luke concerning love and attitudes to lending. The way the Church developed responses to these teachings is explored. Gradually the interpretation of 'usury', as exorbitant profit on a loan, or that which was added to the principal and supposedly forbidden, gave way to the idea of receiving compensation for the loss of gain, or risk-sharing partnerships. The Islamic teaching appears to steer a via media between capitalism and socialism with its prohibition against 'riba', and in the light of the Qur'anic teaching and the Sunnah, a system of Islamic banking has evolved which has as a principle the concept of interest-free lending. In each of these religious traditions, there evolved profit-and-loss-sharing and contractual partnerships, and it is with reference to these that interest-free financial systems are suggested as a way in which a fairer redistribution of wealth could help to alleviate the conditions of the poor, not in terms of charity but in terms of opportunity. Other interest-free or low cost credit schemes are also considered. This thesis, therefore, defines specific Judaic, Christian, and Islamic 'economic men' as the consequence of their respective religious teachings on 'usury', and asks if there is a model for 'seconomic man' i.e. secular economic man, which will incorporate both believer and non-believer, and offer a more just, interest-free, economic system for humankind as we approach the twenty-first century.

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18

Isaac, Walter. "Beyond Ontological Jewishness: A Philosophical Reflection on the Study of African American Jews and the Social Problems of the Jewish and Human Sciences". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/197310.

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Religion
Ph.D.
The present dissertation is a case study in applied phenomenology, specifically the postcolonial phenomenology of racism theorized by Lewis Gordon and applied to scholarly studies conducted on African American Jews and their kinfolk. My thesis is the following: Presumptively ontological human natures cannot function axiomatically for humanistic research on African American Jews. A humanistic science of Africana Jews must foreground the lived social worlds that permit such Jews to appear as ordinary expressions of humanity. The basic premise here is that subaltern (or denied) humanity exists in a neocolonial social world by virtue of an ordinariness that supervenes on humanity. For example, the more historians consider Africana Jews as ordinary, the more Africana Jews' humanity will appear. And the more human Africana Jews appear, the more inhuman their extraordinary appearance appears. This symbiosis constitutes a basic existential condition. When research on Africana Jews ignores this condition, it succumbs to ontological Jewishnness and other concepts rooted in what postcolonial theorist Frantz Fanon calls the "colonial natural attitude."
Temple University--Theses

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19

Bailly, Jean-Jacques. "Eros et infini: essai sur les écrits de Marc-Alain Ouaknin". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211049.

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Les principaux livres de Ouaknin ont constitué un matériau de choix me permettant de poser deux questions par hypothèse liées l’une à l’autre :

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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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20

Moreau, Jérôme. "Abraham dans l’exégèse de Philon d’Alexandrie : enjeux herméneutiques de la démarche allégorique". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20115/document.

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La notion d’allégorie représente un enjeu majeur de l’exégèse juive alexandrine dont Philon est le représentant le plus éminent. L’étude de trois de ses traités, présentant respectivement les trois grands types d’exégèse présents dans son œuvre, nous a permis de préciser, autour de la figure d’Abraham, la manière dont Philon utilise concrètement la notion d’allégorie et les enjeux herméneutiques qu’elle recouvre. Dans le De Abrahamo, la distinction entre sens littéral et sens allégorique recoupe pour l’essentiel la distinction entre réalités sensibles et réalités intelligibles, mais quelques éléments, notamment la référence à Dieu, perturbent la régularité de ce cadre. Dans la section des Quaestiones que nous avons analysée, Philon parvient, en focalisant son exégèse sur l’intellect d’Abraham, à inscrire les réalités intelligibles dans le sens littéral. Enfin, dans le De migratione Abrahami, le sens littéral et les réalités sensibles tendent à s’effacer devant une exégèse qui envisage de façon directe les réalités intelligibles. Surtout, Philon crée un langage exégétique qui associe étroitement langage de l’Écriture et langage de la philosophie pour envisager, à travers plusieurs figures scripturaires qu’il réunit dans un même mouvement, la migration de l’intellect vers Dieu. L’herméneutique philonienne apparaît focalisée en dernière analyse sur la vie de l’intellect : en lui s’articulent, dans un langage nouveau, la Loi de Moïse et la loi de nature, révélations d’un même Créateur, mais dans une lecture qui fait de la loi de la nature le modèle de l’Écriture, et de la philosophie celui de l’exégèse. L’innovation exégétique de Philon est aussi sa principale limite
Allegory is one the major topic of the study of the Jewish Alexandrian exegesis, of which Philo is the most prominent author. By studying three of his treatises, in each of which is to be found one of the three types of allegory he happens to be using in his works, we could determine about Abraham’s character how Philo really uses the notion of allegory and the hermeneutical dimension of his exegesis. In the De Abrahamo, the distinction between the literal and the allegorical meaning follows mostly the distinction between sensible and intelligible realities, but this regular pattern is disrupted by a few elements, including the reference to God. In the section of the Questiones we studied, the exegesis’ focalization on the intellect allows Philo to see the intelligible realities as a part of the literal meaning. At last, in the De migratione Abrahami, the literal meaning and the sensible realities disappear: there remains only an exegesis dealing directly with the intelligible realities. More importantly, Philo creates an exegetical language which closely binds together the language of Scripture and the language of philosophy, so as to illustrate, through several scriptural characters which he unifies in one movement, the migration of the intellect towards God. Philo’s hermeneutics, as it finally appears, are focalized on the life of the intellect. Moses’ Law and nature’s law, two revelations of the one Creator, are bound together within him, thanks to a new language: but in this reading, nature’s law is seen as the true model of Moses’ Law, and philosophy as the true model of exegesis. Philo’s exegetical breakthrough is at the same time his main limit

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21

Elliott, Mark Adam. "The survivors of Israel : attitudes towards the national salvation among late Second Temple Jewish protest groups, and implications for the literature and beliefs, and for the definition, of pre-Christian Judaism". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU059964.

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The predominant view among scholars that pre-Christian Judaism was essentially nationalistic in its election theology has recently been given new momentum. This view, however, continues to create difficulties for an historical understanding of Christianity. Moreover a reconsideration of this view is demanded by indications of an important judgement-of-Israel theme and an exclusivist soteriology among a number of important pre-Christian Jewish groups. A valid approach to such groups must take into consideration their perception of, and protest against, widespread apostasy in Israel throughout the Second Temple period. Adopting a defensive in group/out group posture and mentality their theology tends to embrace highly individual, conditional and dualistic understandings of covenant, and their literature and beliefs are influenced by a dominating 'soteriological dualism', seen in their pneumatology, their growing corporate consciousness, their literary forms, their messianology and their eschatology. Far from evidencing an essentially nationalistic perspective, literature and beliefs function socially to define and legitimize the division in Israel which has resulted from the apostasy of the nation, and to validate and vindicate the view that these groups represent the faithful in Israel. This consciousness of being the elect comes to clearest expression in the nuanced view of Restoration sustained by these groups, and in their unique Destruction-preservation soteriology, which climaxes in the view that the group of righteous represents the sole remnant or 'survivors' of Israel. All of this demands a radical reconsideration of many former comparative approaches to the NT.

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22

Mertens, Bram. "Das Denken der Lehre : Walter Benjamin, Franz Joseph Molitor and the Jewish tradition". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13924/.

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This thesis is a dialectical exploration of the importance of the Jewish tradition and theology in the work of Walter Benjamin, primarily through his reading of Franz Joseph Molitor's Philosophie der Geschichte oder über die Tradition, and secondarily through his close friendship with Gershom Scholem. It also argues that the influence of the Jewish tradition is a constant factor in Benjamin's work, transcending the conventional division between his 'metaphysical' Frühwerk and his 'Marxist' Spätwerk. The first chapter presents a historical-philosophical overview of the form and content of the Jewish tradition, with particular emphasis on the seminal importance of language as the medium of tradition. The second chapter offers both an exhaustive philological investigation of Benjamin's contacts with Molitor's book, on the basis of new information gathered from both Benjamin's and Scholem's diaries and correspondence, as well as a selection and discussion of some of the most salient and relevant aspects of Philosophie der Geschichte. The third and final chapter assesses the impact of the foregoing as it culminates in the work of Walter Benjamin. Firstly, it focuses on the early essays Über Sprache überhaupt und über die Sprache des Menschen and Über das Programm der kommenden Philosophie, drawing parallels between their conception of language as a medium and Jewish concepts of language and tradition as they are presented by Molitor and Scholem. Secondly, it turns to the Protokolle zu Drogenversuchen and to Benjamin's unfinished magnum opus, Das Passagen-Werk, to illustrate the continuity of his thoughts on language and tradition in the concept of profane Erleuchtung. After each chapter, a short interlude focuses on different forms of Judaism in Benjamin's work, notably the Jewish concept of commentary in the essays on Kafka, the concept of the understated apocalypse and the name of God.

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23

Sternschein, Ruben Gerardo. "A natureza humana e a liberdade no pensamento de S. R. Hirsch". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8158/tde-08022018-110121/.

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O projeto de pesquisa consiste na análise dos diversos escritos de Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) a fim de descobrir o sistema de pensamento que sustentou suas diversas posturas controversas, com especial ênfase no tema do livre-arbítrio. Baseando-nos na hipótese de existir um sistema coerente, investigamos a ideia do livre-arbítrio em sua obra e buscamos analisar qual seu grau de consistência no conjunto dos escritos, qual seu grau de coerência interna e qual sua relação com outros temas por ele abordados. De acordo com nossa hipótese, a ideia de liberdade humana sustentada por Hirsch resume-se da seguinte forma: todos os indivíduos encontram-se limitados e determinados tanto pela informação genética quanto pela história pessoal vivida. Entretanto, esses fatores não impõem apenas uma atitude em cada circunstância nova, senão delimitam um contexto de opções. Uma dentre todas as opções é a divina e, portanto, aquela que mais condiz com a essência e a missão da pessoa. Apenas essa opção é escolhida em plena liberdade, sem influências ou determinantes limitadores. Assim, a heteronomia divina se configura, retrospectivamente, como a essência da autonomia humana. Os fatores circunstanciais mencionados são percebidos como ferramentas para o desenvolvimento do propósito divino, que se revela como a realização mais autêntica do indivíduo. Para refletir sobre isso, identificamos alguns tópicos recorrentes (Psicologia e Epistemologia; a Natureza e a Matéria; a História e o Tempo; e a Política). Estes temas acionam a discussão sobre a liberdade em sua obra e, por isso, intitulam os capítulos da presente tese de doutorado. Também confrontamos as percepções de Hirsch com as dos principais autores que se debruçaram sobre o mesmo tema. Revisamos essas ideias à luz das pesquisas sobre Hirsch e, finalmente, no contexto histórico e filosófico no qual ele atuou.
This research project consists of an analysis of the several works by Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) in order to ascertain the system of thought upon which many of his controversial conclusions are based, with special emphasis on the topic of free will. Relying on the hypothesis that a coherent system exists, I have investigated how Hirschs work approached the idea of free will, the degree of consistency in said approach, its internal coherence and its relationship with other topics discussed by the author. According to the hypothesis, Hirsch\'s idea of human freedom is summarized as follows: all individuals are limited and determined by both genetic information and personal history. However, those factors do not impose one single attitude for each new circumstance, but rather delimit a context of options. One of all such options is the divine option, the one that most matches the essence and mission of a given person. Only this option is chosen in full freedom, devoid of influences or limiting determinants. Thus, divine heteronomy is, retrospectively, the essence of human autonomy. The circumstantial factors mentioned above are perceived as tools for the development of the divine purpose, which reveals itself as the most authentic fulfillment of the individual. In order to reflect better on the issue, I identified a few relevant and recurring topics for a more detailed analysis (Psychology and Epistemology, Nature and Matter, History and Time, and Politics). Those issues are the bases used for the discussion in this work about freedom in Hirschs work, and as such the chapters that compose the thesis were named accordingly. I have also compared Hirsch\'s perceptions with those of the main authors who have delved on the same topic. These ideas are reviewed in light of existing research on Hirsch, and, finally, of the historical and philosophical context under which he produced his works.

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24

Foster, Robert James. "The significance of exemplars for the interpretation of the Book of James". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3702/.

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The author of the Book of James names four exemplars in the course of his work. These serve specific functions within their individual contexts in the composition; Abraham and Rahab as exemplars of a vital active faith, Job as an exemplar of steadfast endurance, and Elijah as an exemplar of effective prayer. This thesis explores the wider stories of the exemplars in the Hebrew Bible, traces their development in elements of early Jewish tradition, and compares the author’s use of the exemplars with that of other New Testament writers. It argues that, the author of the Book of James uses the exemplars collectively as a means to encourage his messianic audience to remain faithful to God in the trials of everyday life until the imminent Parousia of the Lord. The four exemplars share three characteristics that will aid the audience in their daily struggles: they were all tested to the limit, yet demonstrated their whole-hearted commitment to God by remaining faithful to him; they were all outsiders who rejected the wisdom (values) of the world and they all faced their life-defining trials reliant on God rather than on other human beings.

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25

Frau, Manuel 1965. "Caminant a les fosques. Estudi i traducció de l'obra apologètica Qéixet u-maguén de rabí Ximon ben Tsémah Duran". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83605.

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New Hebrew edition, annotated Catalan translation, and introductory study of Keshet u-Magen, a comparative study of Jewish, Christian and Islamic theology written in the context of the literature of polemics. This research shows the book’s originality as well as its philosophical influences and sequels. It also proves the uniqueness of a treatise which, probably for the first time ever, presented a thorough comparison between the three religions written by a fully-conversant author with a first-hand knowledge of all three cultures. The dissertation analyzes Duran’s transcendental contribution towards the systematization of Jewish dogmatic theology, and explores the potential motivation and target audience of Duran’s treatise: serving as an educational resource for Catalan Jews and anusim after the destruction of 1391, particularly for those who found refuge
Nova edició hebrea, traducció catalana anotada i estudi introductori de Qéixet u-maguén, obra que compara la teologia jueva, cristiana i musulmana, escrita en el context de la literatura de polèmica. La recerca prova que el tractat de Duran no és una mera còpia d’obres anteriors, sinó que presenta aportacions importants, segons mostren les seves influencies i seqüeles filosòfiques: introdueix, potser per primer cop, una comparativa de les creences de les tres religions escrita per un autor amb sòlids coneixements de primera mà de totes tres; i ofereix una transcendental contribució a la sistematització de la teologia dogmàtica jueva. El treball explora la potencial motivació i audiència del tractat, molt probablement concebut com a eina educativa per als jueus i conversos forçats catalans després de la destrucció de 1391, particularment per a aquells que trobaren refugi en terres algerianes.

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26

Strømmen, H. M. "The ends of (hu)man : following Jacques Derrida's animal question into the biblical archive". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6428/.

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This thesis engages with the biblical archive and its animals, asking what it means to read the Bible after Jacques Derrida’s “question of the animal”, that is, critical questions directed at the characterisations, representations and utilisations of animals past and present which deem animals distinctly different to humans in order to demarcate their inferiority. At the same time, it is a critical response to Derrida’s Bible. Derrida – arguably one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century – provides a significant philosophical contribution to the question of the animal. In animal studies, the Bible is treated as a foundational legacy for concepts of the “human” and is frequently held up to blame for a misplaced human hubris. Derrida too draws on the Bible in implicit and explicit ways to underpin his critique of human/animal distinctions. Building on Derrida’s work on animality, I provide close and critical interpretations of four crucial texts of the biblical archive. I argue that these biblical texts are caught up in irreducible tensions: on the one hand, these texts depict and describe how humans and animals alike abide as finite, fellow creatures under God as a justice to come which calls for a radical similitude and solidarity; on the other hand, animals are portrayed as objects that are mastered by humans to demonstrate God’s power over the living. God’s power thus resides in a double bind – it both displaces power from humans to show them as animals, and it simultaneously provides a model for human power over animal others. In the first chapter I explore the significance of Derrida’s motifs of nakedness and shame over nakedness for his critique of human/animal distinctions, arising from his reading of Genesis. Critically continuing Derrida’s play on myths of origin, I tackle the question of the first carnivorous man, Noah, in Genesis 9 in order to show how this text can both be read as a license to enact the sovereignty of man over animals, and, how this text radically resists such a reading in God’s covenant with all life, human and non-human. Following my exploration of myths of origin, the second chapter grapples with Derrida’s notion of a deconstructed subject through his emphasis on response and responsibility. Derrida puts forward the biblical response “here I am”, as the mark of vulnerability in every relation with the other. I explore what this responsible response might mean in the context of the Book of Daniel that portrays encounters between human, nonhuman animals and God. Developing Derrida’s injunction to follow the nonhuman other, I argue that the double context of Daniel conveys two distinct visions of the concept of the political as animal: one, in which a fantasy for a harmonious domestication and cohabitation amongst rulers and their human and animal subjects is fostered under the only true ruler, a benign God; and, a collapse of such a fantasy, where rulers – human and divine – are portrayed as carnivorous, ferocious creatures who turn their subjects from pets to prey. The third chapter follows this collapse to Derrida’s critique of the commandment “Thou shalt not kill” as a commandment relating only to humans and thus a detrimental Judeo-Christian legacy. Derrida draws on the story of Cain and Abel to discuss the way the killing of an animal leads to the killing of a brother. To explore questions of killability I, however, turn to the negotiations of such issues in Acts 10. In the animal vision of Acts 10, questions of clean/unclean animals are suspended and hospitality is apparently opened up between Jewish and non-Jewish Christians. I demonstrate that the universalism associated with this text refers to an exclusive human fellowship which evades the actual implications of the animal vision. Yet, I posit that there are again two ways of reading the animal vision. In the first reading the analogical resemblance set up between animals and Gentiles implies that Gentiles too become killable as “clean” and thus the animal vision allows for indiscriminate killability amongst the living in general. In the second reading the cleanness of all animals is in fact a radical redemption of animal life for fellowship, in the same way that Peter accepts the fellowship and hospitality of Gentiles. Ultimately, the category of the living and the dead draws humans and non-humans together into what I call “mortability”; that is, the capacity for death shared amongst the living in the suspension of judgement until Jesus returns. In the fourth chapter, I follow up on the suspension of judgement by analysing Derrida’s thinking of sovereignty and animality in relation to Revelation 17. Crucially, Derrida’s logic of sovereignty includes Christ as lamb, in his logos or reason of the strongest, despite its ostensible weakness as a diminutive animal. I explore this further by turning to the scene of Revelation 17 in which the Lamb is at war with the Beast and the woman riding it. Developing Derrida’s allusions to sexual difference as it relates to the question of the animal, I explore how Revelation 17 denigrates both animals and women by characterising them as the figure of evil: Rome. The logic of the animal representations sets up the divine as the good on the side of the weak in the figure of the suffering Lamb. But as the Lamb becomes a beast-like indivisible sovereignty that asserts its reason of the strongest, the figures of “evil” become the vulnerable weak victims – the animal others. Another image of Rome emerges, then, as a deconstructed sovereignty in the subjects that stand as powerless figures in the political order, namely the animals of the Roman arenas and the prostitutes of the Roman Empire. The four texts I examine abide in the ambiguous tensions of an archive that can in the end neither be presented as animal-friendly nor as straightforwardly anthropocentric. The biblical archive is a complex compendium fraught with tensions that can, with its animals, only be held in abeyance. There can be no final “ownership” proclaimed of this archive and its animals, nor can any interpretive act dis-suspend them from such an ambivalent state. These very different texts do, however, provide the material and momentum to show central and crucial instances of how the biblical archive characterises its humans, animals and gods. My analysis reveals that the very same spaces in which these characterisations might be fixed as detrimental to animal life, are where the possibilities of seeing animals radically otherwise lie.

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Van, Schalkwyk C. H. J. 1971. "Die logos-leer van Filo van Aleksandrie : 'n kultuur-historiese ondersoek". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16076.

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Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Philo is a writer who lived in Alexandria in 30 BC – 50 AD. Traditionally scholars classified Philo as philosopher, exegete and apologist. With these classifications in mind, Philo’s works is read and interpreted. In this study a methodology of postmodernism (which is inherently a cultural historical understanding of reality) will be used, and it will become clear that this classification of the scholars is not satisfactory. The question that arises, is: How must Philo be read and understood in the context of a postmodern methodology? By means of a study of the logos-concept it is suggested that Philo must be understood as a threshold person, who stands on the cutting edges of the cultures in Alexandria; he therefore creates a new universe of symbols. In this new universe of symbols it is possible for the different cultures to communicate effectively, because they now have a joint vocabulary. Philo is not a postmodernist, but he makes use of techniques which occurs in post modern philosophy to create this new universe of symbols. Through the use of these techniques it becomes possible for the reader to take into account the different philosophical dimensions that are part of Philo’s thoughts. This helps the reader to understand the contradiction in Philo’s thought in connection with the logos-concept. It also helps the reader to place the logos-concept of Philo in its proper cultural historical background.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Filo is ’n skrywer wat in Aleksandrië gewoon het in die tydperk 30 vC – 50 nC. Tradisioneel het geleerdes Filo getipeer as filosoof, eksegeet en apologeet. Aan die hand van hierdie tiperings is Filo se werke dan gelees en geïnterpreteer. In hierdie studie word daar met ’n postmoderne metodologiese vertrekpunt gewerk (wat ten diepste gebaseer word op ’n kultuur historiese verstaan van die werklikheid) en word dit duidelik dat hierdie tiperings nie bevredigend is nie. Die vraag wat nou ontstaan, is: Hoe moet Filo dan gelees en verstaan word binne die raamwerk van ’n postmoderne metodologie? Aan die hand van ’n studie van die logos-begrip word daar voorgestel dat Filo gelees en verstaan moet word as ’n deurdrumpel-persoon, wat op die snypunt van al die verskillende kulture in Aleksandrië staan en daarom ’n nuwe simbole universum skep. Binne hierdie nuwe simbole universum kan verskillende kulture effektief met mekaar kommunikeer, aangesien hulle nou oor ’n gedeelde woordeskat beskik. Filo self was nie ’n postmodernis nie, maar hy maak wel van tegnieke gebruik wat ook voorkom in die postmoderne filosofie om hierdie nuwe simbole universum te skep. Deur middel van hierdie tegnieke is dit vir die leser moontlik om die verskillende filosofiese nuanses wat op Filo se denke ten opsigte van die logos ingewerk het, te verreken en om hierdie oënskynlike teenstrydighede in sy denke rakende die logos-begrip te verstaan teen die kultuur-historiese agtergrond waarbinne hy hom in Aleksandrië bevind.

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Cerveux, Alexandre. "La place de la musique dans l'enseignement juif médiéval : analyse du discours sur la musique dans les textes hébreux provençaux et espagnols (1167-1505)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL027.

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Au vu des monographies récentes portant sur les sciences juives médiévales, Musique est la petite sœur oubliée. Elles sont héritées des sciences, de la méthode philosophique et de la partition du savoir arabes, qui constituent un enseignement où la musique est pourtant inscrite. Elle apparaît notamment dans des classifications arabes des sciences, et des traités lui ont été consacrés, dont certains sont fameux. À en juger par les textes hébreux médiévaux qui nous sont parvenus, les textes arabes ont influencé le discours juif sur la musique. Nous qualifions de « discours sur la musique » l’ensemble des parties textuelles relatives à la musique, dont nous fournissons une traduction française inédite. Il s'agit de textes hébreux produits dans le rayonnement de la culture juive andalouse entre le XIIe et le XVe siècle, traduits ou adaptés de l'arabe et, dans une moindre mesure, d'autres langues, et de textes originaux. Ces textes sont de nature pédagogique et de genres différents : classifications des sciences ou encyclopédies, dialogues, commentaires ou super-commentaires, traités, sermons et notes éparses. Dans cette étude, nous retraçons l'histoire des idées et notions musicales introduites dans les textes juifs, d'une part ; nous déterminons les raisons pour lesquelles leurs auteurs convoquent ces idées et notions, d'autre part. Cette thèse vise à montrer que la musique, considérée par les savants juifs des points de vue rationnel, psychologique ou éthique, est à la fois une des sciences et un des principes unificateurs des différents corps de la connaissance juive médiévale
Music appears to be an overlooked subject in recent monographs focusing on medieval Jewish sciences. Medieval Jewish scholars are indebted to Arab-Muslim scholars : the former received the philosophical method and the branches of knowledge that the latter conceived. However, music was part of the Arab philosophical education. For instance, it appears in classifications of sciences ; scholars compiled treatises on that matter. Judging by medieval Hebrew texts that have been handed down to us, Arabic texts that circulated have influenced the way Jewish scholars speak about music. The corpus of texts upon which this study is based is constituted of texts or excerpts that can be related to music. They all constitute what will be called « discourse on music ». These Hebrew texts all account for the influence of Judaeo-Spanish culture on Provençal Judaism between the 12th and the 15th centuries. Some of them are original texts ; others are translations or adaptations from texts originally written in Arabic or, to a lesser extent, in other romance languages. These texts are essentially pedagogical and belong to various textual types. The first aim of this study is to trace musical ideas and concepts that are found in Jewish texts ; the second aim is to determine the reasons why Jewish scholars rely upon musical ideas and concepts in texts that are not devoted to the subject. This thesis shall prove that music, a subject that Jewish scholars considered alternatively in a rational, psychological, or ethical way, turns out to be one of the medieval Jewish sciences, and one of the unifying principles of the various bodies of Jewish medieval knowledge

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29

Casals, i. Parés Jordi. "Els viatges per Orient i Occident de Śaśon Ḥay de la casa de Yehuda Castiel, jueu istambuliota dels s.XVII-XVIII". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401595.

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La tesi que ara lliurem, Els viatges per Orient i Occident de Śaśon Ḥay de la casa de Yehuda Castiel, jueu istambuliota dels segles XVII-XVIII, parteix de l’estudi a tres nivells del llibre Maʿaśe Nissim que va ser escrit per Śaśon Ḥay. Primer, és la primera vegada que el llibre de Maʿaśe Nissim apareix editat de forma completa, i ho fa en aquesta tesi. Segon, també en aquesta tesi oferim per primera vegada la única traducció que s’ha fet del text hebreu del Maʿaśe Nissim, i que en el nostre cas és al català. Tercer, pel fet de tenir a disposició tota l’obra per primera vegada, s’ofereix una visió global i molt més ample de tot el llibre del que fins ara s’havia fet i que ha permès eixamplar els temes d’estudi de la tesi. Així, per mitjà d’aquests tres característiques, s’ha permès obrir uns camps d’estudi que fins ara no havien cridat l’atenció als investigadors, entre els quals la lingüística, l’alteritat, el pensament cabalístic i els seus viatges. Les característiques d’aquesta obra que la fan única entre la literatura hebrea del segle XVII i XVIII parteixen primer de tot del seu caràcter popular, lluny d’aquella literatura que té com a objectiu el gust estètic. És una obra única en el seu gènere perquè hi relata les experiències del jueu sefardita Śaśon Ḥay en els seus viatges on fixà la seva atenció en tot allò que li resultava estrany. Així, les seves impressions en qualitat de jueu oriental sobre els costums europeus el converteixen en un personatge únic en la literatura hebrea del moment. La visió de l’alteritat en el Maʿaśe Nissim és un dels temes que no havien estat estudiats encara. L’autor podia tenir aquesta visió perquè viatjava molt fruit del seu negoci de comerciant de pedres precioses i de perles, i així és que Śaśon Ḥay viatjà per mig món conegut. Des d’Istambul fins a la costa oriental atlàntica a Amsterdam, el Mediterrani a Venècia i Tunis, el Golf Pèrsic i l’oceà Índic fins a Myanmar. A través del seu llibre l’autor ens relata els costums dels llocs, la història local, les rutes, etc., però el que ens torna a fer únic aquest llibre és que és la única font d’un comerciant jueu que ens explica d’on extreia la matèria primera del seu negoci, com es duia als mercats, com es venia i el preu. Així ens parla de les joies, de les perles i del mercuri. Lluny de les seves experiències comercials, el llibre Maʿaśe Nissim conté diferents relats i conceptes que pertanyen al món de la mística jueva, la càbala, centrant el seu focus d’atenció en la figura de Yiṣḥaq Lúria Asquenazi. A través de la càbala es pot veure en el llibre com el remordiment, la penitència i la redempció tenen un paper especial en l’autor, i això el torna a fer únic, és fins ara l’únic viatger que intentà justificar la seva salvació per mitjà de termes cabalístics. Per tant, Śaśon Ḥay i el seu llibre poden ser definits com una obra única dins la literatura hebrea i l’objectiu d’aquesta tesi ha estat la seva edició, traducció i estudi de tots els temes que acabem de citar.
This thesis focused on the book of Sasson Khay Qastiel, the Book of Miracles, a Sephardi Jew from Istanbul in 17th-18th century who spent part of his life trading with diamonds and pearls. Through his book we could understood why he travelled so far, from Myanmar to Amsterdam spending a lot of years without going back home. He writes a little about how the diamonds and pearls production system worked, and there isn’t as far as we know another Jewish source from a trader that speaks about the way they found these products, where they sell them, what’s I the price, etc. Whit that we made a study about his travels. Through his book we did a study about otherness, his particular point of view of all that he found strange, like behaviours or habits from European Jewish and other. For that, we can say that as an Oriental Jew, his book is very particular because there isn’t source in that century from Orientals Jews who criticizes the habits of Occidental ones. We also found a Kabbalah writings in his book as a part of his particular Hagiography to the great kabbalist Yitzhak Luria. Through these learnings we think the author of the book wants to recognize the power of the redemption through the Kabbalah. This thesis is the first time the Book of Miracles is edited together and also is the first time that this book is translated in another language, in this case, to catalan.

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30

Rabinowitz, Dani Wayne. "Knowledge by way of prophecy". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e700789-8a47-40c3-bcd0-6720f7e60be1.

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This thesis investigates whether beliefs acquired by way of prophecy are safe. By ‘prophecy’ I have in mind the presentation of the prophetic method as found in the Guide of the Perplexed, which was Moses Maimonides’ philosophical masterpiece. And by ‘safe’ I have in mind the work by Timothy Williamson on the safety condition for knowledge. Both authors have proven to be dominant forces on these respective topics. The significance of this investigation derives from the centrality of prophecy to the three monotheistic religions. My main goal in this thesis is to identify those safety risks associated with the prophetic method. In this manner I aim to undermine any presumption in favor of prophetic beliefs as a whole being safe. Importantly, this general conclusion does not entail of a specific prophetic belief p that p is unsafe. Additionally, the scope of these results is restricted to the model of prophecy found in the Guide. The thesis begins with a critical elucidation of Williamson’s extensive work on the safety condition for knowledge. Particular attention is paid to those issues related to method individuation and Williamson’s cumulative conception of bases. Matters concerning these two topics inform the reading of Maimonides on prophecy found in the second chapter. In particular, I argue that Maimonides should be read as defending a cumulative conception of prophecy. As I emphasize several times during the chapter, the epistemology of prophecy cannot be reduced to the epistemology of testimony since prophecy for Maimonides does not involve the transfer of a proposition from God to the prophet. The third chapter is devoted to identifying those elements of the prophetic method that involve room for error. I argue that while all belief-forming methods in a fallibilist epistemology contain room for error, some are riskier than others. Prophecy should be considered one of the riskier sort. The fourth and final chapter shifts attention to non-standard semantics for ‘knows,’ David Lewis’s in particular. I argue that the interaction between such semantics and the laws governing prophecy in Jewish law is problematic. In particular, I demonstrate that such semantics destabilize the prophetic phenomenon. As such, we must either choose invariantism and gain stability, or choose non-standard semantics for ‘knows’ and live with this lack of stability.

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31

Fraenckel, Naftaly. "Sefer Ha'iqqarim : présentation et traduction du premier et du troisième traité". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC010.

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Le Sefer Ha-ʻIqqarim de Joseph Albo qui a pour objet la définition des principes fondamentaux du Judaïsme s’inscrit dans une réflexion qui a commencé avec Sadia Gaon, qui s’est poursuivie avec Maimonide, Gersonides, Crescas, Duran. Dans le but de permettre au lecteur de se faire sa propre opinion, nous avons souhaité présenter et traduire l’oeuvre de Joseph Albo. Traduire l’ensemble du Sefer Ha-ʻIqqarim dépassant le cadre de notre projet, nous nous sommes contentés de traduire le premier traité qui présente la conception de Joseph Albo sur les principes fondamentaux et sa réduction à trois principes fondamentaux qui sont la croyance à l’existence de Dieu, la croyance à une révélation divine, et la croyance à la rétribution. Les trois traités suivant ne constituant qu’un approfondissement du premier, nous avons traduit un chapitre supplémentaire pour voir et comprendre comment Joseph Albo développe et approfondit le thème déjà ouvert dans le premier traité. C’est le troisième traité qui développe le second principe fondamental de la croyance à la révélation divine
The Sefer Ha-ʻIqqarim of Joseph Albo which try to determine the basic principles of Judaism is part of a reflection that began with Sadia Gaon, which continued with Maimonides, Gersonides and Crescas Duran. To allow the reader to form his own opinion, we wanted to introduce and translate the work of Joseph Albo. Translating the whole of the Sefer Ha-ʻIqqarim exceeding the framework of our project, we simply translate the first treaty which presents the conception of Joseph Albo on fundamentals and its reduction to three fundamental principles which are the belief in the existence of God, the belief in a divine revelation, and the belief in retribution. The three following treaties being only a deepening of the first, we have translated an additional chapter to see and understand how Joseph Albo develops the theme already opened in the first treaty. This is the third treaty that develops the second fundamental principle of belief in the divine revelation

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32

Levin, Toby R. "The Influence of Religion on Attitudes toward Alcohol Use in Jewish Adolescents". ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/481.

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Historically, the Jewish faith has used alcohol in rituals and religious holidays in which adolescents are permitted to fully participate and this exposure to alcohol may influence attitudes and beliefs about underage drinking among Jewish adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between the Jewish religion and attitudes toward alcohol among Jewish adolescents. The theoretical frameworks, on which this study was based, were the social bond theory and the social development theory. Each of these theories indicates that community is important to the individual. Using a cross sectional study design, 160 adolescents participated in a survey that was administered by paper during a free period or lunchtime. ANOVA and linear regression were used to determine if there was a relationship between religion, gender, age, and attitudes toward alcohol. According to study findings, there was no significant relationship between religious affiliation or religious service attendance and attitudes towards the use of alcohol. However, there was a significant relationship between gender and attitudes against drinking and between age and the positive attitudes for drinking. These findings may spur positive social change at the community level. Yeshivas may review with Jewish adolescents the distinction between using alcohol for rituals/ceremonies and using alcohol socially, and the consequences of underage drinking. Future studies should include more participants in the different sects and denominations to get a more complete picture of the Jewish community.

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33

Krieger, Sharon. "L'art et le judaisme". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010508.

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34

Nicolae, Daniel Sebastian. "A mediaeval court physician at work : Ibn Jumay''s commentary on the Canon of Medicine". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8e53786-7e15-4cf9-928b-dd492a740acd.

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Ibn Jumay''s (d. c. 594/1198) commentary on the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) occupies an important place in the history of medicine for it is the first Canon commentary written by a physician and thus stands at the start of a tradition extending over 500 years. In addition, it is a so-far neglected source for our understanding of mediaeval Islamic medicine. The present thesis analyses the commentary with the aims of (1) determining the methods by which the court physician composed his treatise and (2) understanding why Ibn Jumay' undertook to prepare a commentary on one of the most thorough medical compendia of the middle ages. Chapter One presents the biography of Ibn Jumay', reveals that his religion had little impact on his writings and surveys his library which played a pivotal role in the composition of the commentary. Chapter Two investigates Ibn Jumay''s methodology in the entire commentary; it reveals that with his philological and source-critical methods Ibn Jumay' wanted to establish an authoritative reading of the Canon and to demonstrate the high degree of his erudition. Chapter Three focuses on selected passages in the commentary in form of three case studies. Ibn Jumay''s comments on anatomy/dissection, assorted materia medica and headaches demonstrate the court physician’s reverence for ancient authorities and his quest to revive and refine their teachings. Chapter Four contextualises Ibn Jumay''s methods and agenda by comparing them to those of other relevant scholars of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The thesis concludes by arguing that Ibn Jumay''s commentary was part of his revival of the art of medicine and his attempt to gain power in the medical tradition by attaching his name to one of the greatest scholars of his time — the ra'īs Ibn Sīnā.

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35

Blaustein, Cindy Garfinkel. "An investigation of twentieth century observant Jewish fine artists". FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1695.

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People of the Jewish faith base their belief on the written word of the Torah. Presented in this paper are fine artists that produce work within these laws. The Torah sets guidelines for life and morality. The belief system within this domain is that visual images have an impact on the viewers, and artists are accountable for what they produce. This is in opposition with art education, where freedom of expression takes precedence over morality. The results of this study will form the basis for a curriculum for the community college. The researcher's area of inquiry is directed to painting and sculpture made by artists of the Jewish faith who follow the Torah, meaning those who are observant of their faith and practices. Their skills and perceptions will be presented to educate the viewer about their visions. The research questions were posed to rabbinical authorities and artists in order to establish a clear and defined statement of what the Jewish law is regarding the fine arts. The evidence presented was obtained by questionnaires, personal interviews, articles, and opinions from Jewish scholars. Four rabbis were selected based on their erudition on Torah law, and their strong leadership positions in Jewish educational institutions. The ten artists were selected based on recommendations from art historians, and art and gallery directors. The artists and the rabbis were mailed questionnaires, which was followed by an interview. The conclusion from this study is that fine artists are encouraged to use their talents, this is supported by the Torah text, and rabbinic explanation. The restriction for the Jewish artist is in making a replication of a realistic full-scale figure, making a visual rendition of G-d, a nude, or violent image. Art is made by the observant Jew with the intention of enhancing the world with visions inspired by their belief in the Torah. A crucial belief in Judaism is that there is but one G-d, and all man-made images should reflect the majesty of G-d's creations.

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36

Head, Thomas L. "Normal mysticism : an interdisciplinary study of Max Kudushin's rabbinic hermeneutic". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/541.

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Max Kadushin (1895-1980) was a rabbi, professor, and preeminent figure in the history of American Conservative Jewish rabbinic thought. His hermeneutic system, which centers on the idea of organic religious value-concepts, has had a significant influence on the emerging Textual Reasoning movement. In chapter one, I describe the intellectual climate in which Kadushin's system took shape—providing a short history of the 19th-century reform and haskalah movements, discussing the general outline of Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy tradition, and placing new focus on the tension between Conservative Judaism and Mordecai Kaplan's emerging philosophy of Reconstructionism as a critical factor in the origin of Kadushin's system. In chapter two, I summarize and explain Kadushin's philosophy itself—the anatomy and physiology of the organismic complex, the content of his six volumes of published work, the rabbinic texts that attracted his most focused attention—and place it within the context of what Peter Ochs describes as the aftermodernist movement. In chapter three, I address the relationship between Kadushin and secular Western philosophy. Of particular interest, I argue, is the relevance of his work to philosophical hermeneutics. After outlining how Continental hermeneutics emerged from the largely religious hermeneutics of 19th-century thinkers such as Dilthey and Schleiermacher, I contrast Kadushin's approach with that of Hans-Georg Gadamer and detail the ways in which each of them attempted to describe what Augustine described as the verbum interius—an endeavor that, Gadamer argued, ultimately defines the hermeneutic enterprise. In chapter four, I reassess Kadushin's work from the disciplinary perspective of religious studies. After interpreting the degree to which Kadushin felt his own work relevant to other faith traditions, I examine previous attempts by Christian theologians to adapt the rough outline of his hermeneutic within their system, and contrast his rabbinic hermeneutic with those religious hermeneutic traditions with which his work is most often compared. I also examine the degree to which Kadushin's populist approach to mysticism and value-concepts reflects that of other contemporaneous Western religious thinkers. In chapter five, I examine the moral and social implications of Kadushin's priorities. Taking into account how Kadushin evaluated contemporaneous ethical controversies, I argue that while his endeavor is itself descriptivist, the system he asserts bears a strong resemblance to contemporary virtue ethics. In doing this, I show that Kadushin's system of religious morality cannot be accurately classified as a traditional form of consequentialism, rule-based ethics, prescriptivism, or divine command theory. I also examine the implications of Kadushin's system as they pertain to authority, power, and tradition. In conclusion, I argue that his moral system is, in keeping with its rabbinic roots, highly flexible—a trait that can be both an asset and a liability. This interdisciplinary thesis presents Kadushin's organic hermeneutic in a systematic way, assessing its relevance to the disciplines of philosophy and religious studies. In this thesis, I show that his system of thought rewards serious interdisciplinary study and raises far more general questions than those he specifically intended to address.

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37

Villalonga, Patrick J. "From the Fall to the Flood and Beyond: Navigating Identity in Contemporary Noahidism". FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3127.

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This thesis investigates artifacts and concepts present in the Noahide world and how they affect Noahide identity. Five factors are analyzed, namely Noahide law, religious pluralism, ritual, sectarianism, and conversion. I consult the Hebrew Scriptures as well as early, medieval, and modern rabbinic sources to set the conceptual background of the Noahide movement before moving into the primary, contemporary sources written by Orthodox Jews, Orthodox rabbis, and Noahides. To supplement my literary analysis, I have conducted a survey of self-identifying Noahide practitioners. This survey collects data concerning religious background, religious behavior, demographics, and free responses. I aim to show first and foremost that Noahidism is a new, exclusive religious tradition which comprises the lay order of Orthodox Judaism. This is born out of a theology which requires belief in the Jewish God and Jewish revelation, a strict ritual system based on Orthodox Jewish prescriptions, and a sectarian typology which mirrors Orthodox Jewish sectarianism. Additionally, my analysis of conversion shows Noahidism is not a gateway to Orthodox conversion, but an end in itself.

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38

Malmsten, Majja. "Traditionell kvinna i medial dräkt : En studie av samtida mediamaterial om haredi-kvinnans roller inom judendomen samt hur skildringarna korrelerar med Halacha". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402473.

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The Jewish orientation "Haredi" in Israel is the most conservative group and believes that historical traditions are important to follow while waiving from modern society. In today's society, it is difficult to distance ourselves from modernization. This incuses the haredic communities in Israel and the inferior position of women. This study analyzes three contemporary media materials that illuminate the haredi woman's roles as well as her position to Halacha and modern developments. The research aims to answer to what kind of roles the haredi-woman are ascribed in the programs Shtisel, Israel talar and Extrema äktenskap.

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39

Cerqueira, Patricia. "L'altérité et (re)construction de l'identité dans quatre des romans de Moacyr Scliar : Le Centaure dans le jardin; Dans la nuit du ventre, le diamant; Les dieux de Raquel et L’étrange naissance de Rafael Mendes". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20058/document.

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Cette recherche vise à analyser les figurations de l'altérité, en tenant compte du processus de reconstruction de l'identité des personnages et de leur relation avec la mémoire culturelle, à partir de la lecture de quatre romans O centauro no jardim (1980); Na noite do ventre, o diamante (2005); Os Deuses de Raquel (1975) et A estranha nação de Rafael Mendes (1983). Les relations entre la littérature, l'identité et l'altérité sont au coeur du débat contemporain. Dans la littérature brésilienne contemporaine, les auteurs de différentes ethnies travaillent systématiquement avec les questions de l'immigration, de l'altérité et de la mémoire culturelle. Car, bien que la contribution des immigrants à la formation de notre société ait été d'une importance primordiale, tels éléments ont été représentés de manière timide, voire, homogénéisée, à la fois dans la littérature et dans l'histoire du Brésil. Moacyr Scliar est un auteur d'origine juive qui travailla beaucoup les questions liées à l'identité, à la diversité et aux minorités. Pour cette raison, Scliar lui-même affirme qu'il est nécessaire de "donner la parole à ceux qui ne l'ont pas, en faisant de leurs histoires l'Histoire que la version officielle détourne et pasteurise.". Ainsi, l'auteur, par le biais de l'approche thématique de la vie sociale, ouvre un espace pour la réflexion sur l'altérité. Ainsi, l'étude des "figurations de l'altérité", présentes dans les romans examinés dans cette étude, est nécessaire puisque, dans ces oeuvres, les personnages sont toujours vus, comme dirait Linda Hutcheon, "ex-centriques", "marginalisés", "figures périphériques de l´histoire fictive", c'est-à- dire, ils sont toujours "l'autre", le différent. Les textes choisis interrogent les relations et les conflits culturels à travers la figure de l´ immigrant, un personnage qui est dans une situation limite, "entre deux mondes" et qui a souvent du mal à s´intégrer, n´étant ainsi plus "l'autre"
This research aims to analyze the figurations of alterity, taking into account the process of identitarian (re)construction of the characters and their relation to cultural memory, based on the reading of four Moacyr Scliar’s novels: Os Deuses de Raquel (1975); O centauro no jardim (1980); A estranha nação de Rafael Mendes (1983); e, Na noite do ventre, o diamante (2005). The relations between literature, identity and alterity are central to the contemporary debate. In contemporary Brazilian literature, authors from different ethnicities work systematically with the issues of immigration, of alterity and cultural memory. For, although the contribution of immigrants to the formation of our society has been extremely important, these elements were being represented in a shy mode, or even, homogenized, both in Brazilian literature and history. Moacyr Scliar is an author of Jewish origin who works extensively with issues related to identity, diversity and minorities. Scliar, himself, says that it "gives voice to those who do not have it, making their stories to the official version of history that misrepresents them or is pasteurized". This way, the author, through social thematic approach, opens space for reflection on alterity. Thus, the study of “figuration of alterity”, present in the romances analyzed in this research, becomes necessary since in these works the characters are always in a position, as Linda Hutcheon would say, of “ex-centric”, “marginalized”, "peripheral figures of fictional history," this is, they are always “the other”, “the different”. Those chosen texts question the interrelations and cultural conflicts through the figure of the "immigrant" character who is on the borderline "between two worlds" and that often struggles to integrate itself, ceasing, thus, to be "the other. "
A presente pesquisa visa a analisar as figurações da alteridade, levando em consideração o processo de (re)construção identitária dos personagens e sua relação com a memória cultural, a partir da leitura de quatro romances de Moacyr Scliar: Os Deuses de Raquel (1975); O centauro no jardim (1980); A estranha nação de Rafael Mendes (1983) e Na noite do ventre, o diamante (2005). As relações entre literatura, identidade e alteridade estão no centro do debate da contemporaneidade. Pierre Ouellet afirma que a alteridade é, sem nenhuma dúvida, um dos fenômenos mais estudados e um dos conceitos mais utilizados pelas ciências humanas, as letras e a filosofia no curso dos últimos trinta anos. Mas é também uma noção das mais polissêmicas e das mais controversas, até em usos mais ou menos ideológicos que se podem fazer hoje. Ela conduz, pois, a reinterrogar as bases epistemológicas, o contexto sócio-histórico e o alcance ético e estético desse fenômeno, ou dessa noção à luz dessas diversas acepções ou de seus diferentes empregos. Na literatura brasileira contemporânea, autores oriundos de diversas etnias trabalham de maneira sistemática com as questões da imigração, da alteridade e da memória cultural. Pois, embora a contribuição do imigrante para a formação da nossa sociedade tenha sido de suma importância, tais elementos vinham sendo representados de modo tímido, ou até mesmo, homogeneizados, tanto na literatura quanto na história brasileiras. Moacyr Scliar é um autor de origem judaica que trabalha exaustivamente as questões ligadas à identidade, diversidade e às minorias. Scliar, ele mesmo, afirma que é necessário “dar voz àqueles que não a têm, fazendo de suas histórias a História que a versão oficial deturpa ou pasteuriza”. Desta maneira, o autor, através da abordagem da temática social, abre espaço para a reflexão acerca da alteridade. Sendo assim, o estudo das “figurações da alteridade”, presentes nos romances analisados nesta pesquisa, faz-se necessário posto que, em tais obras, as personagens estão sempre em uma posição, como diria Linda Hutcheon, de “ex-cêntricos”, “marginalizados”, “figuras periféricas da história ficcional”, ou seja, são sempre o “outro”, o diferente. Os textos escolhidos interrogam as interrelações e os conflitos culturais através da figura do “imigrante”, personagem que se encontra numa situação limítrofe, “entre dois mundos” e que, frequentemente, luta para integrar-se, deixando, desta forma, de ser “o outro”

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40

Benarroch, Jérôme. "Métaphysique de l'amour : pensée contemporaine et judaïsme". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1PH01.

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Ce travail se propose de produire une doctrine de l'amour, en tant que relation humaine sexuée, à partir d'une interprétation personnelle des sources juives (Bible et Talmud), et faisant l'épreuve de la pensée philosophique contemporaine (E. Lévinas, J. Lacan, A. Badiou). Depuis la remise en cause du système hégélien, les catégories de la pensée philosophique se sont déplacées, de la centralité de l'Un et du Tout, vers le réel de l'Autre. Le féminin est alors conçu comme crucial, comme « ce qui déjoue l'Un » (Badiou). Nous soutenons pourtant que la reconnaissance exacte du féminin, sans faire l'impasse sur l'Autre et sur le non-rapport, doit néanmoins engager une pensée renouvelée de l'Un. L'idée soutenue se dit ainsi : la catégorie de femme est telle qu'elle convoque à une humanisation par singularisation, qui vaut en plus du devenir juste, intelligent, et créateur, reconnu généralement par la philosophie pour le devenir humain. Ou encore : l'amour fait vérité de la singularité humaine, de l'unicité, et c'est à cette vérité que convoque le féminin. L'amour est l'invention improbable d'un rapport entre un homme et une femme, à travers la structure posée par Lacan selon laquelle « il n'y a pas de rapport sexuel ». Nous soutenons aussi que le corps de la femme est porteur d'une spécificité, l'intimité, qui contraint à un attachement, ou rapport, spécifique, qui constitue le réel de la singularisation. Et l'enfant occupe alors la place cruciale de l'Un libre et étranger du rapport possible. Au final, notre doctrine se veut une métaphysique contemporaine de l'amour, en ce qu'elle esquisse une ontologie, à la lumière de la nécessité de la création amoureuse
This work aims at producing a doctrine of love, as a sexual human relationship, on the basis of a personal interpretation of the jewish sources (Bible and Talmud), and through confrontation with contemporary philosophical thought (E. Levinas, J. Lacan, A. Badiou). Since the questioning of the Hegelian system, the categories of philosophic thought have moved from the centrality of the One and All, to the reality of the Other. The feminine is then seen as crucial, as “what thwarts the One” (Badiou). We maintain however that the exact acknowledgement of the feminine, without skipping the Other and the non-relationship, must nevertheless initiate a renewed thought of the One. The idea maintained is thus expressed: womanhood is such that it summons to a humanization by singling out, which bears its own value, on top of becoming just, intelligent and creative, which are generally reckoned by philosophy for the future of humankind. Or else: love makes truth with human singularity, with uniqueness, and it is to this very truth that the feminine invites. Love is the unlikely invention of a relationship between a man and a woman, within the structure set by Lacan, according to which “there is no sexual relationship”. We think as well that the woman's body carries a specificity, the intimacy, that compels to a specific attachment, or relationship, that constitutes the reality of the singling out. And the child occupies then the crucial position of the One, free and stranger to the possible relationship. In the end, our doctrine sees itself as a contemporary metaphysics of love, since it sketches an ontology, in the light of the necessity of loving creativity

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41

Schrage, Franz H. "Edith Stein, Philosophin und Heiliggesprochene, im Spannungsfeld zwischen Juden und Christen". Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996984720/04.

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42

Clark, Ernest P. "Enslaved under the elements of the cosmos". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13123.

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When Paul writes ‘we too were enslaved under the elements of the world', he means that the elements that compose the cosmos also compose and compromise the flesh and enslave human persons through their bodies (Gal 4.3). This thesis demonstrates that early Jews used the phrase στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου to refer to the material elements – earth, water, air, and fire – and not to elemental spirits or elementary principles. Greek medical tradition understood the material elements to mediate the stimuli (παθήματα) and desires of the body which enslave the soul, and it prescribed a variety of regimens (including νόμος) as παιδαγωγοί to guide a person to wholeness. In his philosophy according to the cosmic elements, Philo promotes the law of Moses – including circumcision and the calendar – as the effective way to be ‘redeemed from slavery' to the flesh, to attain righteousness, and to live in harmony with the cosmos. Paul's epistle to the Galatians opposes this sort of ‘redemptive nomism'. Paul accepts that weak στοιχεῖα compose the weak σάρξ and that they mediate sinful stimuli and desires that lead to the actions of the flesh. However, he denies that the law can make people alive or righteous. Instead, Paul prescribes crucifixion with Christ and new life with the Spirit as the final cure for sin's infection of the flesh made of weak στοιχεῖα. Through faith, Christ will be formed in believers as the Spirit guides them away from the desires of the flesh and produces his fruit in their lives.

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43

Forté, Jean-Jacques. "Judaïsme et modernité chez Nietzsche". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040166.

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Il s'agit dans ce travail d'interroger le rapport de Nietzsche au judaïsme et aux juifs, enjeu majeur que la polémique sur l'antisémitisme a occulté jusqu'ici. Les juifs et le judaïsme sont au cœur de la question du nihilisme, dont la formulation explicite apparait tardivement dans les écrits de Nietzsche, mais dont différents aspects (décadence, mort de dieu, etc. ) sont précocement à l'œuvre, ce qui permettra à Nietzsche, quand il disposera de la problématique du nihilisme, d'en réinvestir rétrospectivement l'ensemble de son œuvre. Le "renversement judaïque des valeurs" sera d'abord désigné comme commencement unique du nihilisme ; l'analyse du rapport entre judaïsme et christianisme permettra cependant de préciser leurs rôles respectifs au sein du nihilisme. De plus, dès qu'il a élaboré la problématique du nihilisme, Nietzsche réinscrit la décadence grecque dans la perspective du nihilisme dont il explore les multiples coups d'envoi, engageant ainsi une déconstruction des origines du nihilisme et du rapport entre judaïsme et hellénisme. Si les moments d'affirmation créatrice comme les processus de décadence sont multiples, il n'y a pas d'origine pure et préservée, de temps d'avant la décadence, donc pas d'origine du nihilisme, ni de sens à attendre ou espérer la fin ou le dépassement de ce qui est un processus "normal". L'histoire de l'humanité est une traversée sans origine et sans terme du nihilisme, qui prend néanmoins une inflexion particulière dans la modernité comme époque de la nouvelle de la mort de dieu, de l'absence de fondement du sens, de l'errance comme condition ontologique de l'homme. Ainsi, à partir du motif juif (errance, absence de "chez-soi", absence de propre de « l'être-juif »), Nietzsche affirme une nouvelle forme d'inactualité, libérée de toute nostalgie et de toute espérance, une pensée non réactive de la modernité, comme temps de l'errance, de l'absence d'ancrage et d'inscription dans un propre
This work investigates the question of Nietzsche’s relationship to the Jews and Judaism, a key issue that the polemics with anti-Semitism has up until now obfuscated. The Jews and Judaism are at the core of the question of nihilism, whose explicit treatment only appears in Nietzsche’s late writings but whose traces can be found early in the work under different approaches (dealing with decadence, the death of god, etc. ). Thanks to these traces, Nietzsche reinvested his entire work after he mastered the problematic of nihilism. The "Judaic reversal of values was first identified as the single beginning of nihilism; yet the subsequent analysis of the relationship between Judaism and Christianity enabled Nietzsche to delineate their respective roles within nihilism. Moreover, immediately after reelaborating the problematic of nihilism, Nietzsche reinscrited Greek decadence within that perspective and explored nihilism’s various endings; he thus opened the way for a deconstruction of nihilism s origins and of the relationship between Judaism and Hellenism. If moments of creative affirmation are many - as is the case for the various processes of decadence - there can be no pure and preserved origin, no time before decadence, and thus no origin to nihilism. There can be no sense either in waiting and hoping for the end, or overcoming, of a process that is merely "normal". The history of humankind is seen as a sailing through, without an origin and an outcome, nihilism, which nonetheless takes on a new inflection in modernity - the epoch of the news of the death of god, of the absence of the foundation of meaning, and of errancy, as the ontological condition of the human being. Having started with a questioning of Jewishness (errancy, absence of ownmost), Nietzsche affirms a new form of inactuality, one liberated from nostalgia and hope, a non-reactive thinking on modernity, which is the time of errancy, the absence of anchoring and inscription within an ownmost

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44

Ouaknin, Marc-Alain. "Projet pour une philosophie du livre". Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100157.

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45

Goldstein, Benjamin Gordon Mark. "The repetition of originality : on the question of association between late antique 'Gnostics' and the medieval Kabbalah : an argument for a revised methodology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4cbb8d5-2be1-433a-9bad-b6b82c568f76.

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This thesis aims to provide a critique of the conclusions of Gershom Scholem regarding the potential for ‘Gnostic’-Kabbalistic filiation, and to establish whether, in light of the available evidence, Scholem’s arguments (which have yet, to my mind, to be sufficiently challenged) can be reasonably supported. I strive to offer an arguably clearer definition of the relevant taxonomic terms than is often presented in scholarly analyses of this question, whilst also arguing for the applicability to this debate of certain pertinent methodological approaches drawn from the wider school of comparative mythology. As such, I also attempt to establish a clear methodology for judging the probability of the genetic descent of one ‘system’ from another, viz. that perhaps the most logical method for assessing potential similarities between different ‘systems’ is to assume in the first instance that all correspondences identified are essentially coincidental, dismissing this assumption only if one can identify a high level of exactness in these comparisons (such as would render pure coincidence relatively improbable) and/or establish a secure chain of transmission between two sources, a chain which renders the transmission of ideas not only possible but indeed probable. Applying this methodology to certain potential routes by which second century ‘Gnostic’ thought might have been transmitted to the origin point of the medieval Kabbalah, I attempt both to demonstrate the wider applicability of such a methodology beyond the narrow question of ‘Gnostic’-Kabbalistic relationships, and to illustrate the serious difficulties with advancing any of these potential routes as a reliable source for the transmission of ‘Gnostic’ ideas to the Kabbalah. Rather, I argue that it may be more logically defensible, in the absence of clear source evidence, to ascribe such correspondences as are located purely to coincidence, albeit a coincidence perhaps somewhat tempered by certain observations regarding the relative ubiquity of certain concepts and modes of thought.

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46

Meyfeld, Dirk. "Volksgeist und Judenemanzipation". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17077.

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Philosophie und Frühantisemitismus bilden den Themenbereich der Arbeit. Der Frühantisemitismus reicht von 1780 bis 1850. Speziell verweigert er die Bürgerrechte für Juden. In diesem Sinn wenden Deutsche Liberale sich während der Entstehungsphase der bürgerlichen Gesellschaften im frühen 19. Jahrhundert gegen die jüdische Emanzipation: F. L. Jahn, E. M. Arndt, K. Follen, C. F. Rühs und J. F. Fries. Im Gegensatz zu ihnen votiert Hegel mit seinen Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts entschieden für sie. Er schließt damit an die Erklärung der Menschenrechte in den USA und Frankreich an und führt deren Normativität fort. Es ist das Ergebnis konsequenten Denkens und Hegel überwindet einige seiner früheren antijüdischen Ansichten. Er betont die klare Verbindung zwischen Menschenrechten und Judenemanzipation, geht aber auch darüber hinaus: Sein Konzept fordert eine Integration, die zudem wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Teilhabe verlangt. Hegel opponiert unter historischen Bedingungen gegen die liberalen Frühantisemiten, was ebenso zu berücksichtigen ist, wie die systematischen Argumente der Rechtslehre. Nichtsdestotrotz gelingt ihm kein konsistentes Konzept. Der Grund dafür liegt jedoch in der Realität, die dargestellt werden soll, und nicht bei ihm. Hinsichtlich der internationalen Beziehungen zwischen den modernen Staaten gibt es keine universellen Institutionen mit Macht. Hegel opfert letztlich sein Vorhaben, die universelle Ethik weiterzuentwickeln, weil er dies reflektiert und sich ihm beugt. Unter Berücksichtigung dieses Kontextes müssen seine Konzepte zum Volksgeist betrachtet werden. Die Partikularität des Volksgeistkonzepts gefährdet seinen Entwurf zur Emanzipation, der universal fundiert ist; doch der Grund der Probleme liegt in den internationalen Beziehungen.
In this thesis early anti-semitism is discussed in the context of G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy. Early anti-semitism spanning from 1780-1850 is particularly concerned with declining Jews any equal civic status. Against the backdrop of civil societies arising in the early 19th century, a group of German authors, including F.L. Jahn, E.M. Arndt, K. Follen, C.F. Rühs, and J.F. Fries, in spite of their liberalism opposed Jewish emancipation in this specific sense. In contrast, Hegel in his Philosophy of Right clearly argues in favour of Jewish emancipation, following modern normative ideals as established by Human Rights Declarations in the U.S. and in France. Overcoming some of his earlier anti-Jewish views Hegel arrives at this result by way of consistent thinking. He not only stresses the obvious relationship between Human Rights and Jewish emancipation, but also further develops this idea: His concept calls for equal integration that involves economic and cultural participation as well. Hegel opposed liberal anti-semites under specific historical conditions that have to be taken into account alongside his philosophical arguments put forward in the Philosophy of Right. If he finally didn‘t achieve to develop an overall consistent concept it‘s not to be attributed to a lack of efforts on his part but rather to the reality his theory reflects. International relations between modern states don‘t involve universal institutions with actual power. Hegel, reflecting on and giving in to that reality, finally dismisses his earlier attempts to advance universal ethics. His concept of a nation‘s particular volksgeist and especially the Germanic spirit have to be assessed with this context in mind. Hegel‘s idea of emancipation which rests on universal claims is at odds with his preference for the particular that‘s being expressed in his concept of a volksgeist. The source for this problem however has to be sought in the international relations themselves.

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47

Menager, Frédéric. "Théorie critique et sécularisation". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0141.

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La Théorie critique n’est pas un ensemble figé d’auteurs rassemblés dans une école mais elle se déploie plutôt comme un style de pensée. Parmi les particularités de ce style de pensée, la référence constante à des concepts issus de la théologie et du vocabulaire religieux est à la fois indéniablement connue des meilleurs commentateurs comme Martin Jay, mais reste faiblement considérée ou expliquée de manière systématique. Ce travail ambitionne de fournir à la fois une cartographie et une généalogie de l’utilisation de ces concepts en étudiant donc cet aspect sous des dehors génétiques afin d’en expliquer les sources et sous des dehors structurels afin d’expliquer l’apport fonctionnel dans l’économie générale de la Théorie critique. Un autre aspect réside dans la nécessaire confrontation de cette signification interne à la Théorie critique à la querelle de la sécularisation qui a traversé la vie philosophique allemande depuis 1922 et la publication de la Théologie politique de Schmitt. A cette fin nous avons étudié un corpus qui s’étend des fondateurs de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler l’Ecole de Francfort aux représentants ultérieurs qui ont été regroupés sous le vocable de tournant communicationnel, mais aussi à des auteurs proches qui partagent ce rapport à la sécularisation du théologique come Bloch ou Kracauer. L’étude porte sur les concepts eux-mêmes et n’obéit pas à une logique historique ou à une logique de classification par auteurs. Une approche centrée sur les grands mouvements et modifications des concepts a été privilégié. La coupure paradigmatique a cependant été intégrée puisqu’elle recoupe à la fois un tournant historique, méthodologique et conceptuel. Les postions des différents auteurs ont été comparées entre elles et leur signification mises en rapport à la fois avec le structures théologiques sous-jacentes, en particulier autour de la notion de messianisme juif, mais aussi avec les lignes de force des discussions autour du Théorème de sécularisation. Cet usage de concepts théologiques sécularisés permet de considérer que le paradigme communicationnel se pose aussi comme une réponse à certaines difficultés nées de l’usage antérieur des concepts théologiques sécularisés et s’inscrit dans le passage d’une théorie de la domination à une théorie de la démocratie. Cette transformation amène un glissement de la théologie sécularisée vers une philosophie politique de la religion. En outre, Nous en sommes venus à constater que la Théorie critique redéfinit le champ épistémique de la querelle de la sécularisation en proposant une alternative au débat Löwith-Blumenberg. Cette position constitue au-delà des métamorphoses de la Théorie critique un ferment d’unité, annonçant un modèle de conception de la sécularisation complexifié. Ce dernier appelle désormais une modélisation systématique afin de rendre compte de l’aporie entre persistance de la puissance de la pensée religieuse hétéronome et déclin de l’emprise de cette dernière sur l’organisation politique et juridique des sociétés devenues autonomes
Critical Theory is not a fixed set of authors grouped together into a school but rather astyle of thought. One of Critical Theory’s particularities is its frequent reference to concepts derived from theology and religious vocabulary, a feature well known to eminent commentatorssuch as Martin Jay, but held in low regard and inadequately expounded. This thesis attempts to map and describe the genealogy of the usage made of these concepts by looking at them from a genetic standpoint in order to elucidate their sources as well as from a structural standpoint in order to explain the functional contribution of Critical Theory to the general economy. Another aspect explored is the necessary confrontation of this meaning inherent to Critical Theory with the quarrel over secularization that has permeated German philosophical life since 1922 and the publication of Schmitt's Political Theology.To this end we have studied a corpus that spans from the founders of the so-calledFrankfurt School to later representatives who have been grouped under the term communicative shifting-point, also covering like-minded authors sharing Bloch or Kracauer's relationship to the secularization of theology. Research here is concerned with concepts as such and is notguided by historical rationale or any author classification scheme. An approach focused on major movements and conceptual changes has been emphasized. I nevertheless included the paradigmatic break, as it intersects a historical, methodological and conceptual turning point.Individual authors' positions have been compared with one another and their meaning placed in relation to underlying theological structures, in particular those dealing with the notion of Jewish messianism, but also with key themes surrounding secularization theory.This use of secularized theological concepts enables us to view the communicational paradigm as a response to certain difficulties arising from earlier use of secularized theological concepts and as part of the transition from a theory of domination to a theory of democracy. Said transformation entails a shift from secularized theology to a political philosophy ofreligion. Moreover, we have come to realize that Critical Theory is redefining the epistemic scope of the secularization quarrel by advocating an alternative to the Löwith-Blumenberg debate. Beyond metamorphosizing Critical Theory, this theory constitutes a leaven for unity,heralding a model for the conception of complexified secularization. The latter now requires systematic modelling in order to account for the aporia between the persistence of the power of heteronomic religious thought and the decline of its hold on the political and legal organization of societies that have become self-sufficient

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48

Guetta, Alessandro. "La philosophie religieuse d'Elie Benamozegh". Paris, EPHE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPHEA006.

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La thèse examine un cas d'"adaptation culturelle", au XIXe siècle. Il s'agit du rabbin italien d'origine marocaine Elie Benamozegh (1823-1900), cabaliste de formation et philosophe par vocation, qui se trouva confronté à l'idéologie triomphante du progrès et à l'idéalisme hégélien, deux mouvements d'idées à tendance sécularisant. Les notions d'histoire, de progrès, de dialectique sont analysées par Benamozegh avec des instruments conceptuels tirés en bonne partie de la cabbale ; mais sa pensée présente dans le fond bien des aspects communs avec des catholiques "modérés" de l'époque, comme l'italien Gioberti et les français Lamennais et Ballanche. La double inspiration de Benamozegh est visible aussi dans le domaine de la linguistique : il s'inspire a la fois de la cabbale et de la "philologie philosophique" de Giambattista Vico
The thesis deals with a case of "cultural adaptation", in the 19th century. It is about the Italian rabbi of Moroccan origin Elijah Eenamozegh (1823-1900), a cabbalist by education and a philosopher by calling. He had to cope with the ideology of progress and Hegelian idealism, two secularisation inclined trends. The notions of history, progress, dialectics, are analysed by him with conceptual instruments drawn mainly from kabala; but basically, his thinking has a lot in common with the "moderate" catholic thinkers of the time, such as the Italian Gioberti and the Frenchmen Lamennais and Ballanche. Benamozegh's linguistics too, has a double inspiration: kabala and the "philosophical philology" of Giambattista Vico (17th-18th cent. )

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49

Muller, Alain. "Révélation et pensée dialogique dans la philosophie de Franz Rosenberg". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0099.

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Ce travail tente de dégager le concept de « révélation » dans la philosophie de Franz Rosenzweig. Il en décrit son évolution à travers le concept de « corrélation » d'Hermann Cohen et la philosophie du langage d'Eugen Rosenstock et montre en quoi et comment il permet de dépasser l'idéalisme de Hegel par la structure dialogique Je-Tu au sein duquel le Je est articulé par le Tu. On obtient ainsi un nouveau type de relation qui trouve son fondement dans le langage. Le concept idéaliste de « totalité », incapable de rendre pensable l'altérité, est ainsi remis en question. Rosenzweig analyse cette structure à partir de la « logique de l'origine » d'Hermann Cohen à l'aide de laquelle il pense la « singularité » de l'individu qui le met en relation avec les autres. À travers cette nouvelle « ontologie » de la singularité Rosenzweig met en question le postulat panthéiste et panlogique de la philosophie hégélienne et cherche à distinguer ce que cette philosophie a toujours voulu identifier : la pensée et l'être
This work tries to explain the concept of "revelation" in the philosophy of Rosenzweig. It describes its evolution through Hermann Cohen's concept of "correlation" and Eugen Rosenstock's philosophy of langage, and shows how it makes possible to overcome the idealism of Hegel through the dialogical structure I-You in wich the I is called by the You. One gets so a new type of relation based on the language. The idealistic concept of "totality", not able to make thinkable the "otherness", is radically questioned. Rosenzweig analyzes this structure through Hermann Cohen's "logic of the origin" with wich he thinks the "singularity" of the individuum wich puts him in relation with the others. Through this new "ontology" of singularity Rosenzweig questions the pantheistic and panlogical principle of the philosophy of Hegel and try to distinguish wich this philosophy always wanted to identify : the thinking and the being

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50

Al-Kayyali, Abdul-Hameed. "La doctrine de la prophétie chez Maïmonide (m. 601/1204) entre pensée juive et pensée musulmane". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3111/document.

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Maïmonide (m. 601/1204) est resté sans doute une figure majeure du judaïsme rabbinique. Mais, sa connaissance de la philosophie fit de lui une référence indispensable dans la pensée philosophico-religieuse juive, chrétienne et musulmane. Son œuvre, riche et variée, témoigne de la jonction harmonieuse, dans un même esprit, d'une religiosité profonde, telle qu'elle s'exprime dans ses traités juridiques et théologiques, et d'une curiosité philosophique et métaphysique qui se révèle dans son œuvre Le Guide des égarés. La présente étude consiste à analyser les origines de la doctrine de la prophétie chez Maïmonide en puisant dans un premier temps, dans ses propres sources, pour les comparer dans un second temps aux références textuelles des philosophes musulmans tels que Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā et Ibn Bāğğa. Le chapitre I a pour objet la définition de la prophétie chez Maïmonide. Le chapitre II porte sur le rôle de l'imagination dans la prophétie. Le chapitre III est consacrée aux significations politiques de la prophétie
Maimonides (d. 601/1204) is universally recognized as a leading rabbinic authority in Judaism. His eminence as a philosopher made him an indispensable source in Jewish, Christian and Islamic philosophical and religious thought. The present study aims to analyze the origins of the doctrine of prophecy in Maimonides' philosophy by studying, first, the original sources and then to compare them with the works completed by Muslim philosophers, most notably, Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Bāğğa. Chapter I addresses Maimonides' definition of prophecy. Chapter II examines the role of imagination in the prophecy. Chapter III is devoted to the political implications of prophecy

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