Tesis sobre el tema "Kinésines"
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Cao, Luyan. "bases structurales de la motilité des kinésines". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS267/document.
Texto completoKinesins are a family of microtubule-interacting motor proteins that convert the chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. Many kinesins are motile, walking along microtubules to fulfill different functions. Most kinesins are dimers, the monomer comprising a motor domain, a dimerizing stalk domain, and a tail domain. The motor domain contains both the nucleotide-binding site and the microtubule-binding site. I am interested in the molecular mechanism of kinesin's motility. In particular I want to establish the structural variations of the kinesin motor domain along with the mechanochemical cycle of this motor protein. During my thesis, I have focused my work on the human kinesin-1, also named conventional kinesin, which is the best characterized kinesin.I have studied two aspects of the kinesin mechanochemical cycle, by combining structural and mutational approaches. Both aspects rely on the binding of ADP-kinesin to a microtubule, which leads to the release of the nucleotide and to a tight kinesin-microtubule association. First I determined the crystal structure of nucleotide-free kinesin-1 motor domain in complex with a tubulin heterodimer, which is the building block of microtubule. This structure represented the main missing piece of the structural cycle of kinesin. Three subdomains in the kinesin motor domain can be identified through the comparison of my structure with ATP-analog kinesin-1-tubulin structure. The relative movements of these subdomains explain how ATP binding to apo-kinesin bound to microtubule triggers the opening of a hydrophobic cavity, 28 Å distant from the nucleotide-binding site. This cavity accommodates the first residue of the “neck linker”, a short peptide that is C-terminal to the motor domain, allowing the neck linker to dock on the motor domain. The docking of the neck linker is proposed to trigger the mechanical step, i.e. the displacement of the cargo and the stepping of the dimeric kinesin. By studying mutants of the neck linker, I have shown that, reciprocally, this peptide locks kinesin in the ATP state, which is also the conformation efficient for ATP hydrolysis. Doing so, it prevents the motor domain from switching back to the apo-state. It prevents also an untimely hydrolysis of ATP, before the mechanical step has occurred. These features are required for movement and processivity.Second, these structural data also suggest how the binding of ADP-kinesin to tubulin enhances nucleotide release from kinesin. To further study this step of the kinesin cycle, I studied the effect of kinesin-1 mutations. These mutations were designed in isolated kinesin to mimic the state when kinesin is bound to a microtubule. I identified two groups of mutations leading to a high spontaneous ADP dissociation rate, suggesting that there are two ways to interfere with ADP binding. Then I determined the crystal structures of the apo form of two mutants as well as that of the nucleotide-depleted wild type kinesin. It showed that apo-kinesin adopts either and ADP-like conformation or a tubulin-bound apo-like one. In the natural context, the second one is stabilized upon microtubule binding. Overall, the mutational and structural data suggest that microtubules accelerate ADP dissociation in kinesin by two main paths, by interfering with magnesium binding and by destabilizing the nucleotide-binding P-loop motif
Leon, Agnès. "Etude du rôle de la protéine QN1/KIAA1009, une nouvelle molécule motrice de la famille des kinésines, au cours de la prolifération et de la différenciation neuronale". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N31S.
Texto completoMolecular motors such as kinesins are involved in diverse fundamental processes including mitosis,veicular transport, transcription or DNA repair processes. In the study, we show for the first time that QN1 protein is a member of the kinesin family, and that the human KIAA1009 protein is orthologous to the QN1 protein. We demonstrate by siRNA strategy the involvement of QN1/KIAA1009 protein in two major cellular processes : proliferation and differenciation. Indeed, QN1/KIAA1009 protein plays a decisive role in ormal mitosis process, particularly in correct chromosome segregation. Moreover, the QN1/QN1/KIAA1009 protein is involved in NGF signalisation pathway during PC12 cells differenciation process. On the whole, these results show that QN1/KIAA1009 prorein is a new key actor of mitosis
Arnal, Isabelle. "Étude structurale de complexes entre microtubules et kinésines". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10058.
Texto completoDaire, Vanessa. "Implication de la kinésine-1 dans la dynamique microtubulaire et recherche de nouveaux inhibiteurs". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA114821.
Texto completoMicrotubules are dynamic components that are essential for cell physiology. In this work, we show that kinesin-1 regulates microtubule dynamics via the stress kinase c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). We also identify two fluorescein-derived compounds that exhibit kinesin-1 inhibitive properties in vitro and in living cells. Furthermore, we explore a new aspect of kinesin-Interacting Protein (SKIP)
Calmettes, Charles. "Etude du "centralspindlin complex" : un élément régulateur essentiel de la cytokinèse". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10255.
Texto completoKinesins form a family of proteins that convert the energy from ATP hydrolysis to mechanical force for displacement of their cargoes along microtubules tracts. In Humans there are 40 kinesins, 13 of which are essentials for mitosis. MKLP-1 is a mitotic kinesin belonging to kinesin sub-family 6, which is essential for cytokinesis. In cells, MKLP-1 together with MgcRacGAP (a GTPase activating protein) contributes to the formation of the centralspindlin heterotetrameric complex. This MKLP-1/MgcRacGAP complex is an important regulatory component which participates to the formation of the midbody matrix during cell cleavage. MKLP1 has in its motor domain a large insert of 80 amino acid in the loop 6 compared to the other kinesins ; this longer loop 6 is an caracteristic of the kinesin sub-family 6 (MPP1, MKLP-2…). To probe the role of the MKLP1 loop 6 in the mechanochemical cycle, I compared the MKLP1 ATPase activity of wild type with that a mutant in which the native Loop 6 (80 residues) was replaced by the conventionnal loop 6 of Kinesin heavy Chain (5 residues). In addition, I screen four librairies of small molecules in order to identify ATPase inhibitors of the MKLP-1 motor domain. This screen contributed to the identification of a non-specific MKLP-1 inhibitor that prevent the kinesin/tubulin association. Furthermore, in order to understand the microtubules-bundling activity of the centralspindlin complex, I studied the microtubule interaction pattern for differents MKLP-1 and MgcRacGAP constructs. The results allowed me to purpose an putative interaction model
Mithieux, Gilles. "Reconstitution in vitro et étude de l'interaction entre microtubules et organites intracellulaires : les lysosomes". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T117.
Texto completoBarnat, Monia. "Régulation de la dynamique des microtubules lors de la régénération axonale adulte : étude des voies de signalisation contrôlant la phosphorylation et la fonction de MAP1B (Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B)". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066604.
Texto completoBoucrot, Emmanuel. "Analyse moléculaire de SifA, une protéine de virulence de Salmonella typhimurium". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22067.
Texto completoHerin, d' Pierre. "Etude de HsEg5 moteur microtubulaire apparenté à la famille des kinésines". Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE3036.
Texto completoGaussen, Amaury. "Régulation de la phosphorylation de Cenp-E au cours du cycle cellulaire". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20099.
Texto completoDuring cell cycle, the correct and equal distribution of duplicated chromosomes in each daughter cells occurs in mitosis. Mitosis is performed through high regulations by numerous proteins specified by their localisation and activity. Those proteins are themselves regulated, notably by phosphorylation. Among them, Cenp-E is a kinesin implicated in congression and spindle checkpoint. The first part of this work describe which Cenp-E domains binds to kinetochores and BubR1 kinase, in Xenopus egg extracts. Cenp-E is supposed to be BubR1's activator, nesessary for spindle checkpoint activation. We describe later how Cenp-E is regulated by phosphorylation on serine 2893. This residue is also conserved and phosphorylated specifically during mitosis onto the human protein version. The Cyclin B-Cdk1 complex is likely to be responsible for this phosphorylation wich also takes part in the inhibition release of the Cenp-E motor domain and restores a part of the Cenp-E motility. The last part of this work gives for the first time a phosphorylation consensus sequence of MPS1, a kinase also implicated in spindle checkpoint activation. This consensus motif is very close to the PLK1 one's. In fact Cenp-E can be phosphorylated in vitro onto the same sites by both MPS1 and PLX1. For the first time mass spectrometry analysis identified a tyrosine phosphorylated by MPS1 in vitro, which suggests that MPS1 could be the first identified tyrosine kinase present at the kinetochore. This work describe new regulations on Cenp-E by phosphorylation and warn on the similar substrate specificity shared by MPS1 and PLK1
Marrari, Yannick. "Etude du mécanisme et de la régulation de la rotation corticale dans l'oeuf de xénope". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4037.
Texto completoThe cortical rotation in Xenopus eggs establishes the dorso-anterior organising center of the embryo. This translocation of the cortex relative to the cytoplasm starts when an array of aligned microtubules forms under the vegetal cortex, the plus ends of microtubules pointing in the direction of cortical displacement. The cortical rotation mechanism involves the two families of microtubule-dependant molecular motors, Kinesin Related Proteins and cytoplasmic dynein. The involvement of KRPs in cortical rotation mechanism was shown by the injection of a KRP inhibitory antibody which locally blocked cortical rotation, desorganised the subcortical array of microtubules and perturbed microtubule movement. The persistance of microtubule movement in the presence of the anti-KRP antibody in vivo, and the arrest of microtubule movement, reactivated by perfusion of ATP and interphase Xenopus egg extracts, provoked by simultaneous perfusion of anti-KRP and anti-dynein antibodies on isolated cortices led us to propose that dynein was also involved in the cortical rotation mechanism. Early injection of dynamitin, an inhibitor of dynein dependant transport, perturbed the organisation of sub-cortical microtubules while late injection did not arrest cortical translocation. These results indicate that dynein transports microtubules towards the cortex and maintains the microtubule array during an early period of the cortical rotation. Later, dynein activity becomes uneccessary, indicating that KRPs probably drive the cortical rotation. These findings led us to propose an integrated model for the mechanism of cortical rotation, in which dynein and KRPs have complementary actions
Espeut, Julien. "Régulation de la motilité de Cenp-E, une kinésine associée au kinétochore". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20133.
Texto completoThe mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint stops cell division in case of incorrect positioning of the chromosomes onto the metaphase plate. This checkpoint avoids inaccurate chromosome division, which could result in a loss or gain of genetic material. Amongst the many proteins involved in this regulation is the kinetochore protein Cenp-E (Centromere associated protein E). One of the biggest goal in the field of mitosis is to establish which kinetochore proteins are responsible of chromosome movement. Therefore the aim of my thesis has been to determine the mechanisms of regulation of the Cenp-E kinesin motor activity involved in the dynamics of binding to the microtubules. We have been able to show that Cenp-E moves towards the "+" end of microtubules. Furthermore, the C-terminal portion of Cenp-E directly inhibits its motor activity and such inhibition is reversed by phosphorylation of the Cterminus by the kinases Mps1 and Cdk1-cyclin B. These results suggest a dynamic control of Cenp-E motility and of chromosome congression, dependent on kinetochore phosphorylation
Grossier, Jean-Philippe. "Etude de la topologie des voies d'endocytose et de signalisation dans les cellules animales cultivées sur micro-patrons". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066658.
Texto completoCell normalization using adhesive micropatterns combined with density map quantification represent a useful model system to analyze intracellular organisation and cell polarity. To understand how the extracellular microenvironment directs the topology of endocytic and signaling pathways, I studied the uptake of transferrin (Tfn) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)in micropatterned RPE-1 cells. 3D probabilistic density maps revealed that Tfn was enriched in adhesive sites during uptake, whereas EGF endocytosis was restricted to the dorsal cellular surface. This spatial separation was not due to distributions of corresponding receptors but was regulated by actin, and for Tfn, depended on recruitment of clathrin and AP2 (adaptor protein 2) to adhesive areas. In addition, asymmetry in EGF uptake led to asymmetry in EGF induced signal initiation. My second project aimed at identifying kinesins that sustain the spatial localization of lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and nucleus in micropatterned cells. I scaled up the density map method to a high-throughput framework in order to screen a siRNA library against microtubule-based motors of the kinesin family. I found interesting candidates contributing to organelle positioning
Quesnoit, Mélanie. "Régulation de la dynamique microtubulaire : implication de la tubuline GTP et de protéines associées aux microtubules". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114811.
Texto completoMicrotubules (MTs) are highly dynamic protein polymers essential for intracellular organization. In the work presented here we have studied different aspects of the mechanisms regulating dynamic instability of MTs. We have selected and characterised an antibody recognizing GTP-bound tubulin and the use of this tool has led us to propose a new model for the intrinsic mechanisms regulating dynamic instability of MTs. We also studied the influence of MT associated proteins and found that the molecular motor Kinesin-1 and the +end tracking protein CLIP-170 cooperate to build the interphase network whereas another protein of the CLIP family, CLIPR-59, preferentially binds unpolymerised tubulin and slows down MT growth in vivo
Marceiller, Jérôme. "Organisation dynamique du réseau de microtubules : rôle du Golgi et de la kinésine". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114808.
Texto completoWe have shown that the Golgi apparatus is a microtubule organising center in interphasic cells and is therefore able to nucleate microtubule in vivo and in vitro. This Golgi-based nucleation capacity is direct and involves a subset of gamma-tubulin bound to the cytoplasmic face of the organelle. Nascent microtubules in the cell exhibits regulated growth mode and have a functional cap which protect them against depolymerization. Conventional kinesin is implied in the presence of the functional cap
Henry, Thomas. "Physiologie de S. Typhimurium dans l'environnement intracellulaire : la division bactérienne et la modulation des moteurs moléculaires eucaryotes sur la vacuole contenant Salmonella". Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22030.pdf.
Texto completoExertier, Prisca. "Rôle des kinésines mitotiques Eg5 et MKLP-2 dans l’angiogenèse physiologique et pathologique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14621/document.
Texto completoRole of the mitotic kinesins Eg5 and MKLP-2 in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis.Angiogenesis is a complex biological phenomenon which corresponds to the formation of newblood vessels from pre-existing vessels. This process is regulated by a plethora of differentmolecules with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) being one of the most important ones.VEGF inhibitors are currently used in the treatment of numerous solid cancers. Even though theefficacy of such treatment is prouven by numerous studies, resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy isa common feature. To identify new therapeutic targets downstream of VEGF, we modelized itsaction on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). VEGF-treated CAMs develop a densevascular network 24h after application. We used chick microarrays to monitor global geneexpression changes in VEGF-induced CAMs. Beside a consistent number of genes alreadydescribed to be regulated by VEGF, numerous unknown genes have been identified. We havefocused our work on the characterization of Eg5/KIF11 and MKLP-2/KIF20A, members of thekinesin family, both strongly upregulated by VEGF.We demonstrated that Eg5 and MKLP-2 are strongly expressed by blood vessels in normal andcancer tissue sections. KIF20A is involved in the proliferation and migration of endothelial cellsin vitro. We showed that chemical inhibitors specific for KIF11/Eg5 (dimethylenastron andispinesib mesylate) affect key steps in the formation of blood vessels (proliferation, adhesion andmigration of endothelial cells) and proliferation of tumor cells (glioma and renal cancer).Furthermore, in experimental glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma models (CAM and orthotopicimplantation in mice), anti-Eg5 treatment strongly reduces tumor angiogenesis and growth. Inconclusion, Eg5 and MKLP-2 could be potential targets in anti-angiogenic therapies.Keywords: Eg5, MKLP-2, angiogenesis, kinesin, ispinesib, dimethylenastron, glioblastoma, renalcell cancer
Nguyen, The Quyen. "Caractérisation structurale du recrutement de la protéine JIP1 par la chaîne légère (KLC) de la kinésine1". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS250/document.
Texto completoAbstractKinesins are molecular motors involved in the intracellular transport of many cargos within the cell. Although the motility of kinesins is well understood, the molecular mechanisms underlying cargo recruitment are much less so.Kinesin1 plays various roles in neuronal cells, where it contributes to the spatial and temporal organization of many cellular components. It would play a role in various neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease. Understanding how kinesin1 recognizes and interacts with its cargos is important to decorticate its role, as well as that of its cargos, in normal and pathological cells. Kinesin1 is a heterotetramer consisting of two heavy chains (KHC) and two light chains (KLC), both of which are capable of recruiting cargo proteins. One of the first cargo proteins to have been identified is JIP1 (JNK-interacting protein 1) which is: (i) a scaffold protein for the signaling pathway of MAP kinases and (ii) an adaptor protein for transporting amyloid precursor protein (APP) responsible for Alzheimer's disease. In both cases, JIP1 regulates critical processes at the cell level, making it an interesting protein to study. Early studies have led to a better understanding of how JIP1 is recruited and transported by kinesin1. However, the detail of the interaction between KLC and JIP1 is not yet fully described and therefore understood.Objectives: My doctoral work aims at characterizing at the molecular level the interaction between KLC and JIP1. To do this, I had the following objectives: 1) to characterize the interaction domains of the two proteins alone, 2) to study the formation of the complex in solution by biophysical approaches, and 3) to determine the 3D structure of the complex by crystallography.Results: Initially, I characterized the TPR domain of KLC alone, contributing among others to the development of a molecular toolbox. I also participated in the determination of two crystallographic structures of the TPR domain of KLC1/2 that highlights the structural plasticity of the first helix of this domain (Nguyen et al, submitted). In a second step, I set up the conditions for the expression and purification of the PTB domain of JIP1 and carry out the structural characterization of this domain in solution. Although this domain of JIP1 is not necessary for interaction with KLC, I studied the impact of its presence on recruitment by KLC. Finally, I characterized the recruitment of JIP1 by KLC by confirming a number of information on the interaction between the KLC-TPR and the C-terminal region (Cter) of JIP1 at the molecular level. The numerous crystallization tests that I carried out did not make it possible to obtain crystals of the KLC: JIP1 complex. However, I was able to precisely map the interaction zone of JIP1-Cter with the KLC-TPR domain using the various KLC tools available by determining by ITC their affinity with JIP1-Cter (Nguyen et al., In preparation ).Conclusion: Thus, my PhD work allowed to better understand 1) the structural versatility of the KLC-TPR domain, 2) the impact of the JIP1-PTB domain for its KLC recruitment, and 3) the interaction mode of JIP1 by KLC . On the basis of these data, I will discuss the structural basis of the mode of binding of KLC with JIP1 and compare it with that of KLC with WD-motif cargo, such as SKIP and Alcadein-α
Abaza, Aouatef. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de MPP1, une nouvelle protéine de la famille des kinésines". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10096.
Texto completoSaraiva, Garcia Carlos Henrique. "Etude des événements moléculaires de la gamétogenèse de Plasmodium berghei par des approches protéomiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066582.pdf.
Texto completoMalaria is caused by parasites from Plasmodium genus and its gametogenesis is an essential step to ensure the malaria transmission. In efforts to improve the knowledge on gamete biology we did quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparative experiments with P. berghei WT and gametocytes disrupted for the motor gene kinesin 8. The mutant is morphologically similar to wild-type parasite but impaired gametogenesis and unable to exflagellate. The Gametocytes-enriched sample from mice at time T0 were xanthurenic acid-induced to exflagellate and harvested at time T7 and T15. The iTRAQ labelled peptides from independent biological triplicate sample were analyzed overtime through nanoLC/MS-MS Orbitrap after TiO2 enrichment, and interpreted by Patternlab and Blast2GO softwares. The wild type had 443 proteins and 206 phosphoproteins identified from 2,617 peptides. The mutant had 530 proteins and 218 phosphoproteins identified from 3,198 peptides. GO biological processes related to RNA translation, DNA and protein biosynthesis were most prominent and phosphorylated proteins are mainly RNA, ATP or protein binding proteins. Within the mutant, the axoneme and mitotic spindle microtubules disorganization were strongly affected. The nucleosome components are key to nuclear division disorganization. The ubiquitin-dependent proteasome complex and stress/folding response, energy metabolism and egress proteins were affected. The Plasmodium proteomic approach brings that insight into kinesin 8 critical importance for male gametogenesis in Plasmodium with effect on protein expression, phosphorylation modulation, flagellar organization and biology
Labrière, Christophe. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique d’inhibiteurs de kinésine et kinases". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112368.
Texto completoOur investigations aimed at the chemical preparation and biological evaluation of new molecules that can be used in two distinct pharmaceutical fields. In the context of new biological targets discovery for anticancer therapy, kinesins have been identified and have led to the clinical development of several molecules (Eg5 inhibitors predominantly). At the Institute, we have identified, in collaboration with F. Kozielski and his team, the first inhibitor of the cytokinetic kinesin RabK6. As no three-dimensional resolution of the protein RabK6 was available, we have developed several generations of analogues by considering each fragment of the original molecule one by one, and by enhancing the chemistry variety in order to draw an increasingly specialized structure-activity relationship. Within the framework of the Alzheimer’s disease battle, a lot of efforts is made to find inhibitors of CNS-expressed kinases responsible of the Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. By analogy with a natural molecule, we have found that several photochemically-synthesized kinesin-targeted molecules furnished very active and selective kinase inhibition (work carried out in collaboration with L. Meijer and his team)
Roux, Aurélien. "Tubes de membrane dans le trafic intracellulaire : aspects physiques et biologiques". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077157.
Texto completoVieillard, Jennifer. "Étude des protéines de la zone de transition des cils chez Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1103.
Texto completoCilia and flagella are cellular organelles that protrude at the cell surface. They are composed of a microtubular cytoskeleton and they are highly conserved across eukaryotic species from plantae to Human. In mammals, they play essential functions during development and regulate numerous physiological processes in adults. At the ciliary base a complex structure called transition zone (TZ) is necessary for cilia assembly and regulation of ciliary components trafficking inside the cilia. Three protein complexes have been identified at the TZ : MKS-JBTS, NPHP1-4-8 and NPHP5-CEP290. Other TZ proteins such as CBY and AZI1 have been studied but their interaction with these 3 modules is not yet elucidated. In Human, mutations of genes encoding TZ proteins are associated with several genetic diseases called ciliopathies. Two different modes of cilia assembly have been identified: compartimentalized and cytosolic ciliogenesis. While TZ function in compartimentalized ciliogenesis is well studied, its role in cytosolic ciliogenesis remains poorly understood. In Drosophila, there are only two types of ciliated cells, sensory neurons and sperm flagella, representative of these two ciliogenesis pathways. During my PhD, I used Drosophila to study the function of TZ proteins during cilia assembly in these two ciliated cell types. My data show that proteins of the MKS complex do not play an essential role in TZ assembly in the cilia of sensory neurons and in spermatozoon flagella. I also demonstrated that CBY and AZI1 cooperate to assemble the TZ components and that the TZ is necessary to dock the basal bodies to the plasma membrane, one of the first important step in cilia assembly. Finally, I showed that KLP59D, a microtubule-depolymerising kinesin, is required to control axoneme elongation during the cytosolic ciliogenesis. In conclusion, this work brings new insights into the understanding of the dynamic assembly of TZ proteins and the mechanisms that regulate flagella elongation
Crozet, Vincent. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de deux kinésines, Kif20A et Klp98A, et inhibition de ces moteurs à des fins thérapeutiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS062.
Texto completoThe kinesin family has 45 members in humans and is subdivided into 14 classes, and several of these nanomotors are involved in the cell division process. Among these 45 members, Kif20A, a kinesin-6, has unique structural features among kinesins, but above all a strong involvement in cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. It has been shown to be essential for the metaphase-anaphase transition by relocating the chromosome passenger complex, as well as during cytokinesis. During interphase, Kif20A is also involved in the cleavage of RAB6-positive vesicles in the Golgi apparatus.Kif20A's strong involvement in cell proliferation processes has rapidly made it a key therapeutic target for many cancers, some of which are resistant to current therapies. In cellulo and in vitro studies have shown that Kif20A is involved in prostate cancer, docetaxel resistance and paclitaxel chemoresistance in breast cancer, as well as in many other cancers (ovarian, lung, colorectal, etc.).Given the importance of this target in cancer, we collaborated with the team of chemists led by Catherine Guillou (ICSN) who discovered and developed inhibitors targeting Kif20A. These are specific to Kif20A and allow cytokinesis to fail (bi-nucleated cells appear). However, their major problem remains their low solubility, which leads to rapid elimination by the body and limits the possibility of administering the product only in nano-suspension form.Thus, the thesis project focused on understanding the function of kinesins from several aspect. (I) Understanding the mechanochemistry and involvement of atypical extensions of the Kif20a motor domain. (II) Identifying the site of inhibition of specific compounds inhibiting Kif20a, describing their mechanism of action and improving their formulation. (III) Functional and structural study of another kinesin, Klp98A, involved in the development of sensory organs in Drosophila.Our work has enabled us to gain a better understanding of the mechanochemistry of Kif20A by resolving the structure in the pre-force generation state and in the ADP state, as well as the biochemical characterization of several of this kinesin's characteristic extensions. In collaboration with Catherine Guillou's laboratory, the inhibitory compounds were improved and their mechanism of action elucidated.The functional and structural study of the Δ6 mutant of the Klp98a kinesin has uncovered the mechanism by which this mutation renders motors less efficient in their force-generating mechanism, and provides a better understanding of the mechanochemistry of this class of kinesins.This work opens up new perspectives for the development of inhibitor molecules targeting kinesins, and thus for the development of new therapeutic strategies. It also contributes to a better understanding of the mechanochemistry of certain classes of this family of molecular motors
Saraiva, Garcia Carlos Henrique. "Etude des événements moléculaires de la gamétogenèse de Plasmodium berghei par des approches protéomiques". Thesis, reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066582/document.
Texto completoMalaria is caused by parasites from Plasmodium genus and its gametogenesis is an essential step to ensure the malaria transmission. In efforts to improve the knowledge on gamete biology we did quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparative experiments with P. berghei WT and gametocytes disrupted for the motor gene kinesin 8. The mutant is morphologically similar to wild-type parasite but impaired gametogenesis and unable to exflagellate. The Gametocytes-enriched sample from mice at time T0 were xanthurenic acid-induced to exflagellate and harvested at time T7 and T15. The iTRAQ labelled peptides from independent biological triplicate sample were analyzed overtime through nanoLC/MS-MS Orbitrap after TiO2 enrichment, and interpreted by Patternlab and Blast2GO softwares. The wild type had 443 proteins and 206 phosphoproteins identified from 2,617 peptides. The mutant had 530 proteins and 218 phosphoproteins identified from 3,198 peptides. GO biological processes related to RNA translation, DNA and protein biosynthesis were most prominent and phosphorylated proteins are mainly RNA, ATP or protein binding proteins. Within the mutant, the axoneme and mitotic spindle microtubules disorganization were strongly affected. The nucleosome components are key to nuclear division disorganization. The ubiquitin-dependent proteasome complex and stress/folding response, energy metabolism and egress proteins were affected. The Plasmodium proteomic approach brings that insight into kinesin 8 critical importance for male gametogenesis in Plasmodium with effect on protein expression, phosphorylation modulation, flagellar organization and biology
Porquet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation du rôle non ciliaire de la Kinésine-2 dans l'établissement de l'axe droite/gauche chez Drosophila melanogaster". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4112.
Texto completoIn nature most of the bilateralia are left/right (L/R) asymmetric. In Drosophila, asymmetry is apparent in the directional looping of gut and terminalia. Dextral orientation of organs is controlled by the activity of a single gene myosin ID (myoID) whose mutation induces a fully inverted L/R axis. To date little is known of how the initial L/R cue induced by MyoID is propagated and maintained through the rest of the architecture of the L/R organizer. Here we present the identification of klp64D and klp68D as new myoID interacting genes. These genes encodes the two motor sub-units of the Drosophila Kinesin-2 motor complex. Interestingly, this microtubule-based motor plays a ciliary function in vertebrate L/R morphogenesis. However, we show that in Drosophila cilia are not involved in L/R asymmetry. We demonstrate that Kinesin-2 acts during L/R determination in the dextral pathway. Furthermore Kinesin-2 is required for proper L/R patterning both of male genitalia and of adult hindgut. L/R activity of Kinesin-2 is restricted to cells that do not express MyoID suggesting a role for this motor in propagation of the L/R cue. Our findings show for the first time a non ciliary role for Kinesin-2 in L/R axis determination. Thus, these results shed light on an evolutionary conservation between Drosophila and vertebrate L/R determination
Gallaud, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation du rôle d'Ensconsine / MAP7 dans la dynamique des microtubules et des centrosomes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S004/document.
Texto completoMitosis is a key step of the cell cycle that allows the mother cell to segregate its replicated genome equally into the two daughter cells. To do so, the cell assembles a highly dynamic structure composed of microtubules called the mitotic spindle. Additionally to its role in the faithful segregation of chromosomes, the mitotic spindle defines the axis of cell division. This phenomenon is particularly important for the asymmetric cell division in which cell fate determinants have to be unequally distributed between the two daughter cells. Spindle assembly and dynamics are subtly regulated by numerous microtubules-associated proteins. During my PhD, we identified using mass spectrometry, 855 proteins establishing the Drosophila embryo microtubule interactome. An RNAi screen was performed in the larval central nervous system for 96 poorly described genes, in order to identify new mitotic regulators. Based on microtubule interaction and mitotic phenotype, among 18 candidates we focused on Ensconsin/MAP7. We have shown that Ensconsin is associated with spindle microtubules and promotes their polymerization. Neuroblasts from mutant larvae display shorter spindles and a longer mitosis duration. This mitotic delay is a consequence of an extended activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which is essential for the proper chromosome segregation in the absence of Ensconsin. This study also showed that, in association with its interphase partner Kinesin-1, Ensconsin is involved in centrosome separation during interphase. As a result, mother and daughter centrosomes are randomly distributed between the daughter cells. In conclusion, we highlighted two news functions of Ensconsin : first, this protein promotes microtubule polymerization and is involved in spindle assembly ; second, Ensconsin and its partner Kinesin-1 regulate centrosome dynamics
Schroëder, Nina. "Etude des effecteurs de Salmonella typhimurium PipB2 et SopD2 : caractérisation fonctionnelle et cibles cellulaires". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22069.pdf.
Texto completoSalmonella enterica cuses gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. Its replication and virulence require the translocation of effectors by a type 3 secrection system (T3SS-2). SifA is important to maintain the intergrity of the Salmonella-containing vacuole and necessary for the formation of Salmonella-Induced filaments (Sifs). A sifA mutant looses its vacuole and has a strong virulence defect. This study demonstrates that SopD2 contributes to the membrane instability of a sifA mutant. Loss of sopD2 restores replication and virulence of sifA mutant, as well as the formation Sif-negative tubules. A sifA mutant accumulates high levels of kinesin around vacuole, recruited by PipB2. This work confirmed the PipB2-kinesin interaction and allowed the identification of the functional domain of PipB2. The study of PipB2 and SopD2 allows a better understanding of the sifA mutant phenotypes and the identification of a novel type of transport induced by Salmonella : the formation of effector tubules
Alberdi, Maria Lucrecia. "Regulation of Kinesin-1 activity by Salmonella effectors PipB2 and SifA". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0382.
Texto completoSalmonella is an intracellular pathogen that establishes a replication niche (SCV) through the activity of toxins that the bacterium injects into the cytosol of infected cells. Kinesin-1, a microtubule motor protein, is the target of some of these toxins. This work demonstrates the critical role of kinesin-1 in the formation of Salmonella-induced membrane tubules emanating from the SCVs. Previous work has shown that PipB2 toxin binds kinesin-1 to the SCVs. Our results rule out a potential interaction of PipB2 with other motor proteins and reinforce the idea of a specific activity of the PipB2/kinesin-1 pair. Through the use of in vitro systems, we have shown that: 1) the activity of the PipB2/Kinesin-1 complex is sufficient to pull membrane tubules from artificial vesicles; 2) PipB2 binds and activates the molecular motor which then engages on the microtubules. It has been suggested that the host protein SKIP activates kinesin-1 by binding to the SifA toxin. This work highlights a more precise mechanism thanks to a partnership between PipB2 and SifA
Leclercq, Julien. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la kinésine Eg5". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S026/document.
Texto completoCancer is a real problem in our civilization. Indeed, in 2010, it affected more than 10 million people in the world. Today, this disease is the first cause of death in industrialized countries.Unfortunately, the proposed therapies remain frequently insufficient and lead to side effects which remove the benefits of the medical treatment. In order to avoid the toxicity to safe cells, since a few years, researches have been done to develop targeted therapies. Most of the anti-mitotic drugs actually available on the market lead to important side effects such as cardiological, hematological and neurotoxic problems.Thus, we interested to another therapeutic target which still acts at the level of the mitosis but causing fewer side effects and can be overexpressed into the cancer cells: the mitotic kinesin Eg5.The mitotic kinesin Eg5 plays an important role in the early stages of mitosis and is one of the most attractive target enzymes in antimitotic drug development. The modulation of the Eg5 activity has been shown to cause aberrant mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest during mitosis and the inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells in culture. With regard to the potential of Eg5 modulators in the treatment of human cancers, we report the design, synthesis and biological studies of quinazolinone derivatives as mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitors. We developed three series of molecules derived from quinazolin-4-one scaffold following a “de novo drug design” strategy
Dumont, Audrey. "SKIP, la cible cellulaire de l'effecteur de Salmonella typhimurium SifA est un régulateur de l'activité de la kinésine-1". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20684.
Texto completoRaio, vilela Fernando Augusto. "Structural characterization of JIP3 recruitment by Kinesin-1". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS123.
Texto completoThe intracellular transport of cargos is a crucial process on eukaryotic cells, and notably in neurons, in order to regulate different functions as cell’s maturation and synaptic transmission. The Kinesin-1 is a molecular motor capable of transporting different types of cargos as organelles, vesicles and macromolecular assemblies along the microtubules. It is a heterotetramer composed by a homodimer of heavy chains (KHC) bound to two light chains (KLC), where both KHC and KLC are capable of cargos recruitment. One of the first identified cargos of Kinesin-1 is JIP3/4 (JNK-Interacting Protein 3/4), which are also adaptor proteins, intermediating the transport of other cargos. Kinesin-1 recruits JIP3/4 by two different and independent modes, (i) via KHC and (ii) via KLC. Therefore, JIP3/4 recruitment by KHC and KLC activates the motility of Kinesin-1, by distinct mechanisms, allowing the intracellular transport of cargos and the associated functions in neurons. During my PhD, I contributed to the characterization of the dual binding mode of Kinesin-1 and JIP3/4 by bioinformatical, biochemical/biophysical and structural approaches. This work allowed a better understanding of the cargos’ recruitment by Kinesin-1, as well as the molecular mechanisms of Kinesin-1 activation by JIP3/4
Porquet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation du rôle non ciliaire de la Kinésine-2 dans l'établissement de l'axe droite/gauche chez Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4112/document.
Texto completoIn nature most of the bilateralia are left/right (L/R) asymmetric. In Drosophila, asymmetry is apparent in the directional looping of gut and terminalia. Dextral orientation of organs is controlled by the activity of a single gene myosin ID (myoID) whose mutation induces a fully inverted L/R axis. To date little is known of how the initial L/R cue induced by MyoID is propagated and maintained through the rest of the architecture of the L/R organizer. Here we present the identification of klp64D and klp68D as new myoID interacting genes. These genes encodes the two motor sub-units of the Drosophila Kinesin-2 motor complex. Interestingly, this microtubule-based motor plays a ciliary function in vertebrate L/R morphogenesis. However, we show that in Drosophila cilia are not involved in L/R asymmetry. We demonstrate that Kinesin-2 acts during L/R determination in the dextral pathway. Furthermore Kinesin-2 is required for proper L/R patterning both of male genitalia and of adult hindgut. L/R activity of Kinesin-2 is restricted to cells that do not express MyoID suggesting a role for this motor in propagation of the L/R cue. Our findings show for the first time a non ciliary role for Kinesin-2 in L/R axis determination. Thus, these results shed light on an evolutionary conservation between Drosophila and vertebrate L/R determination
Asselin, Laure. "Etude du rôle de la kinésine KIF21B au cours du développement cortical". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ032/document.
Texto completoThe development of the cerebral cortex is a highly regulated process that is crucial for the establishment of functional cortical networks. Disruption of one or several of these steps can lead severe neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with intellectual disabilities, epilepsies and cognitive impairment. Over the past few years, several genetic mutations in genes encoding either tubulin or microtubule-associated motors such as kinesins, have been found in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although kinesins have been found to be essential for a proper cortical development, the exact functions of kinesins in these processes are still poorly understood. My work clearly identified Kif21b, a poorly-known kinesin, as a novel key regulator of cortical development both in mouse and human. We show that Kif21b regulates both radial and tangential migration of cortical neurons, and identify four KIF21B variants in individuals presenting neurodevelopmental disorders. We show that ectopic expression of variants recapitulate phenotypes both in mice and zebrafish
Latge, Bruno. "Rôle des moteurs moléculaires dans l'établissement de la polarité cellulaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET023.
Texto completoCellular polarity is instrumental for normal cell function and tissue homeostasis. It is defined by an asymmetrical distribution of cellular constituents along a polarity axis and results from a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Cell polarity signaling and cortex anisotropy have been extensively studied in the last decades. However, the role of organelle positioning in cell polarity establishment and the mechanisms by which polarized positioning is achieved are still not well understood. Molecular motor proteins link organelles to cellular cytoskeleton and play an essential role in cell polarity establishment and maintenance. This PhD thesis aimed at the study of the molecular mechanisms by which motors of the kinesin family regulate polarized organelle positioning and their role in cell polarity establishment. We took advantage of our approach that combines cell micropatterning and quantitative analysis of the intracellular organization to identify kinesins that contribute to organelle positioning. Results from our siRNA-based screening targeting 43 members of the kinesin family in human suggested a central role of kinesins in front-rear polarized alignment of intracellular organelles. The strongest phenotype was observed upon kinesin-1 Kif5B depletion that inverted the organization of crossbow-shaped micropatterned cells by flipping organelles around the centrosome. Additionally, Kif5B-depleted cells were constrained in their abilities to re-align organelles along the front-rear polarity axis after directional changes during migration and were less persistent. We therefore hypothesized that Kif5B-dependent organelle movement integrates into a global cellular response, relying on the polarized organelle alignment along the front-rear axis. Dissecting the mechanism, we showed that organelle positioning defects upon Kif5B depletion were independent of the cell cortex anisotropy and correlated with substantial increase in the distance between the nucleus and the centrosome. Unexpectedly, depletion of the Kif5B-interacting partner RanBP2, which is localized at the nuclear envelope, copied the organelle inversion phenotype. We propose a model in which Kif5B, together with RanBP2, controls nucleus positioning by organizing a microtubule scaffold around it. We have additionally evidenced the indirect role of KifC3 in organelle positioning. Identified as a hit in our screen analysis, KifC3 controled the centripetal movement of lysosomes, but localizes to the centrosome. Characterizing the recruitment of KifC3 to the centrosome, we showed its preferential accumulation at the mother centriole that was dependent on Cep170. We propose that KifC3 is localized at the subdistal appendages of centrosomes through Cep170 and regulates microtubule anchorage, and thus,the global microtubule organization. Together the results of this PhD shed light on the global cellular functions of two kinesins, Kif5B and KifC3, in controlling the intracellular organization that supports cell polarity
Malekzadeh-Hemmat, Boland Kattayoun. "Caracterisation d'un moteur moléculaire, la kinésine, dans les cellules acineuses pancréatiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1A004.
Texto completoRobin, Gautier. "Ceklp-15, une kinésine essentielle du nématode C. Elegans : caractérisation in vitro". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10219.
Texto completoBrier, Sébastien. "Etude des interactions entre la kinésine mitotique humaine Eg5 et ses inhibiteurs". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10183.
Texto completoThe human mitotic kinesin HsEg5 plays an essential role in cell division. This protein is required for the separation of the duplicated centrosomes and the formation of the mitotic spindle. Failure of HsEg5 function blocks centrosome migration and causes cells to arrest midway through mitosis with a characteristic monoastral spindle consisting of a radial array of microtubules surrounded by a ring of chromosomes. This particular phenotype can lead to cell death by the apoptotic pathway. HsEg5 is thus considered as a very promising target for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we investigate the binding regions of several inhibitors targeting the motor domain of HsEg5. These studies were carried out by using hydrogen/deuterium exchange – mass spectrometry and mutagenesis. Our experimental approach has been successfully applied to localize a “hot spot” binding region on the motor domain and to characterize the mechanism of HsEg5 inhibition by monastrol and S-trityl-l-cysteine
Munoz, Isabelle. "Rôle de la kinésine-1 dans le sécrétions régulées des celulles immunitaires". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB014/document.
Texto completoMost of immune cells are secretory cells capable of releasing immunomodulatory molecules in response to various stimuli. This regulated secretion, which allows the orchestration of the immune and inflammatory responses, is ensured by the lysosome-related organelles (LRO) which will contain the molecules necessary for the functionality of the immune cells. For example we found the lytic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which allow their lytic functions or the secretory granules of mast cells which contain the inflammatory mediators. The transport and exocytosis of LRO involves a common and conserved machinery. This is particularly the case of the small GTPase Rab27 which plays a central role in the transport and secretion of these LRO. Previous studies carried out in our laboratory have highlighted the involvement of the molecular complex Rab27a / Slp3 / kinesin-1 in the terminal transport of lytic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans. In addition, a murine model in which the heavy chain of kinesin-1 is specifically invalidated in immune cells has been generated. The objective of my thesis was first to characterize the phenotype of this murine model deficient for kinesin-1, then to analyze more precisely the impact of kinesin-1 absence on the cytotoxic T lymphocyte and mast cell functionality. In a first step, we have been able to demonstrate that mice deficient for kinesin-1 have a phenotype comparable to the control mice in a basal state. We have then shown that the absence of kinesin-1 in murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes does not induce defects in activation and in lytic granules’ secretion in vitro. However, the behavior of the lytic granules at the immunological synapse seems abnormal. Nevertheless, after an infection essay with LCMV, which revealed no differences between control and kinesine-1-deficient mice, we conclude that compensatory mechanisms may complement the absence of kinesin-1 in mice. Finally, functional studies carried out on murine mast cells have enabled us to demonstrate the involvement of kinesin-1 in the mechanism of granules’ transport. Indeed, the absence of kinesin-1 leads to degranulation defects in vitro and also in vivo (mice were less sensitive to anaphylactic shocks). On the other hand, the absence of kinesin-1 does not affect the activation and cytokines secretion capacities of mast cells. Finally, we were able to characterize the molecular complex Rab27b / Slp3 / kinesin-1 involved in mastocytic granules’ transport and found that this complex formation was dependent on the PI3K-related activation pathway (Phospatidylinositol 3-kinase). This work allows us to introduce new elements for the mechanisms governing the secretion of mast cell granules and thus opens new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of type I hypersensitivity (IgE dependent)
Geeraert, Camille. "Rôle des microtubules et de la kinésine-1 dans l'autophagie de survie". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114814.
Texto completoIn the present study, we show that while mature autophagosomes can move on stable microtubules, starvation-induced autophagosome formation requires the most dynamic microtubule subset. Upon nutrient deprivation, dynamic microtubules specifically recruit markers of autophagosome formation. We further found that upon nutrient deprivation, tubulin acetylation increases and enhances kinesin-1 and JIP-1 recruitment on microtubules. This recruitment allows JNK activation which in turn triggers the release of Beclin 1 and initiation of autophagosome formation. Finally, after nutrient starvation kinesin-1 is involved in autophagosome formation and in basal condition, in motoring autophagosomes. Our results show that the dynamics of microtubules and tubulin post-translational modifications play a major role in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagy
Rocha, de Souza Cecilia. "Role of glycylating enzyme TTLL3 in colon cancer". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T019.
Texto completoTubulin posttranslational modifications are involved in the regulation of many microtubule functions. Glycylation has been related to the stability and maintenance of motile cilia in different organisms including mammals. We had previously shown that some colon-cancer related mutations in the glycylating enzyme TTLL3 lead to a complete loss of enzymatic activity, which brought up a surprising link between this rather cilia-specific tubulin modification and cancer. To evaluate potential role of glycylation in colon carcinoma formation we first confirmed the link between TTLL3 and colon cancer in a greater cohort of patients. We next studied TTLL3-knockout mice, which strikingly did not show any obvious phenotypic alterations or spontaneous cancer development. However, when submitted to a murine model of chemically induced colon carcinoma, TTLL3-knockout mice show a higher level of tumor formation, pointing towards an acceleration of colon cancer development. Because glycylation of microtubules has been specifically detected on ciliary tubulin, we next analysed the presence of primary cilia in colon epithelium. While in most organs and tissues a second glycylating enzyme, TTLL8, is expressed, TTLL3 is the unique enzyme in colon. We found a significantly reduced number of primary cilia in TTLL3-KO colon epithelium, suggesting that similar to motile cilia, primary cilia are maintained by glycylation of the axonemal tubulin. Moreover, we measured a strongly increased mitotic index in colon epithelial cells isolated from TTLL3-KO mice, indicating that his loss of cilia is accompanied by decreased level of cell cycle control. Thus we have demonstrated for the first time a tight link between the posttranslational glycylation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, the control of cell cycle and the acceleration of cancer development
D'Amico, Eva. "Etude des effets de l'inactivation de Kif3a dans les cellules thyroïdiennes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209643.
Texto completoAfin d’étudier le rôle précis de la kinésine II dans la glande thyroïde, nous avons invalidé spécifiquement le gène Kif3a dans cet organe chez la souris. Bien que cette inactivation ait conduit à un développement complet du tissu thyroïdien, les souris invalidées présentent une hypothyroïdie congénitale caractérisée par des concentrations sériques élevées de TSH et basses de T4. Par la suite, nous avons mis en évidence une expression fortement diminuée du transporteur d’iodure NIS chez ces souris, causant une déficience en iodure intracellulaire, une iodation insuffisante de la thyroglobuline et une sécrétion anormale de l’hormone T4 dans la circulation sanguine. De plus, ex vivo, nous avons montré que la réponse à la TSH en terme d’AMPc est altérée dans la thyroïde de ces souris. Ces observations nous ont permis d’émettre l’hypothèse que l’invalidation du gène Kif3a spécifiquement dans la glande thyroïde mène à une anomalie dans la voie de signalisation du récepteur de la TSH, en amont de la production d’AMPc. Finalement, in vitro, par l’utilisation de cellules Kif3a-/-, nous avons analysé l’expression à la membrane plasmique et la réponse à un agoniste du récepteur β2 adrénergique, un membre de la même sous-famille de récepteurs couplés aux protéines G que le récepteur de la TSH. De cette façon, nous avons obtenu des données indiquant que le transport de ce récepteur à la surface cellulaire était altéré en l’absence de Kif3a.
Au vu de ces éléments et de ceux de la littérature, nous suggérons que la kinésine II, et plus particulièrement sa sous-unité KIF3A, joue un rôle important dans le transport du récepteur de la TSH nouvellement synthétisé vers la membrane basale de la cellule de la thyroïde.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Surel, Clément. "Les mécanismes de la neuropathie auditive AUNA1". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT093/document.
Texto completoAuditory neuropathy is a type of deafness characterized by an alteration of the inner hair cells (which detect the acoustic waves and transform them into neural messages) and/or of the primary afferent neurons (which conduct the neural messages to the cochlear nucleus), associated with a normal activity of the outer hair cells (which amplify the acoustic waves).AUNA1 is the first hereditary auditory neuropathy which has been described. It is caused by a point mutation in the promoter of the DIAPH3 gene, resulting in an overexpression of DIAPH3. The DIAPH3 protein, a formin family member, is known to promote the actin filament nucleation and elongation and to stabilize the microtubules.We studied the AUNA1 mechanisms using a transgenic mouse model which overexpresses the diap3 gene, the mouse homologue of DIAPH3. Transgenic mice develop a deafness whose characteristics are similar to the ones of AUNA1. The hearing loss is due to a defect in the inner hair cell activity. The synaptic activity and the potassium currents of these cells are not altered. However, electron microscopy reveals a fusion of the stereocilia (cytoplasmic expansions which detect the acoustic waves) and a disruption of the cuticular plate (plateform which maintains stereocilia). By immunolabeling, we showed an invasion of the cuticular plate by microtubules. Eventually, we demonstrated that Diap3 is located in the inner hair cell cuticular plate, suggesting that the overexpression of diap3 provokes a remodeling of the inner hair cell microtubule network, underlying the AUNA1 deafness
De, Muylder Géraldine. "Caractérisation d'une chaîne lourde de kinésine et de son rôle immunomodulateur chez Trypanosoma brucei". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210431.
Texto completoT. brucei est un parasite extracellulaire qui se développe dans le sang de son hôte mammifère. Il est donc confronté en permanence au système immunitaire de l’hôte et a en conséquence, afin de générer un environnement plus favorable à sa croissance, établit différents mécanismes d’échappement tels que la variation antigénique ou l’immunomodulation.
Dans ce contexte, il a été montré que T.brucei libère des facteurs capables d’induire la voie arginase des macrophages. Cette induction peut favoriser la croissance des trypanosomes dans le sang de leur hôte de diverses manières. Premièrement, l’arginase participe à la synthèse de composés tels que les polyamines ou la trypanothione, facteurs de croissance des cellules. Deuxièmement, l’arginase partage le même substrat que la NO synthase inductible (iNOS), ces deux enzymes sont donc en compétition et l’activation de l’arginase pourrait contribuer à diminuer la quantité de NO, composé cytostatique et cytotoxique, produit par les macrophages en limitant le substrat disponible pour l’iNOS. Troisièmement, la déplétion du milieu en arginine suite à l’activation de l’arginase inhibe la prolifération de cellules du système immunitaire dont les lymphocytes T.
Nous avons identifié une chaîne lourde de kinésine chez T.brucei, TbKHC1 (Trypanosoma brucei Kinesin Heavy Chain 1), appartenant à la superfamille des kinésines, comme un candidat potentiellement capable d’induire la voie arginase des macrophages. TbKHC1 est principalement exprimée au stade sanguicole du parasite et est localisée au niveau de la région endo-exocytaire. Dans un modèle d’infection murin, une invalidation de l’expression de TbKHC1 (par ARN interférence ou par knock-out) conduit à une diminution du premier pic de parasitémie et à une prolongation de la survie des souris infectées. Nous avons montré que TbKHC1 joue un rôle dans l’interaction hôte/parasite à deux niveaux indépendants :premièrement, l’induction de la voie arginase des macrophages par TbKHC1 en début d’infection favorise la croissance du parasite et son établissement au sein de son hôte. Deuxièmement, elle joue un rôle dans l’induction de la pathologie liée à l’infection.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Smyczynski, Cybelle. "Transduction mécanochimique par les moteurs moléculaires : exemple des complexes actine-myosine et microtubule-kinésine". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20121.
Texto completoDornier, Aurélie. "Etude du mouvement de kinésine par suivi de particule unique par onde évanescente progressive". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066085.
Texto completoSaade, Murielle. "Dynamique des protéines Spatial au cours de la morphogenèse cellulaire et interactions avec la kinésine KIF17". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22006.
Texto completoThe thymic stromal microenvironment is critical for T lymphocyte generation. During my Phd, I studied a stromal gene named spatial, expressed in highly polarized cell types, such as epithelial cells, neurons and germ cells. The differentiation of these cells is accompanied by a rapid polarization of Spatial distribution in highly organized microtubular arrays such as the manchette, the flagellum and the dendrite. Since cellular morphogenesis needs means of intracellular transport to deliver molecules far from the main body of the cell, we reported the association of Spatial with the kinesin KIF17 that participates in this selective transport. My Phd work was also focused on the development of a new system of in vivo electro-gene transfer into the thymus. We assessed the usefulness of this approach by generating long-term functional T lymphocytes in immunodeficient mice. This method could represent a simplified and effective alternative for gene therapy of T cell immunodeficiencies
Leduc, Cécile. "Système biomimétique d'intermédiaires de transport tubulaires : étude quantitative". Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426247.
Texto completoBertrand, Roxane. "De l'Hétérogénéité de la Parole : analyse énonciative de phénomènes prosodiques et kinésiques dans l'interaction interindividuelle". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10032.
Texto completoDemonchy, Raphaël. "Etude de protéines flagellaires chez Trypanosoma brucei". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066294.
Texto completo