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Zhao, Qingjian, Zuomin Wen, Shulin Chen, Sheng Ding y Minxin Zhang. "Quantifying Land Use/Land Cover and Landscape Pattern Changes and Impacts on Ecosystem Services". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010126.
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Based on satellite remote sensing image, GIS and Fragstats, this study modeled and calculated the dynamic changes of land use, land cover and landscape patterns in Guizhou Province, China, and calculated the changes of ecosystem service values (ESVs). The impacts of the evolution of landscape patterns on the ESVs were analyzed, and reasonable policy recommendations were made. The findings are as follows: (1) In the past two decades, the area of cropland and grassland has decreased; the area of water bodies, urban and rural, industrial and mining, and residential areas has increased; the area of forestland has increased first and then decreased. (2) The two major types of landscapes, cropland and grassland, are clearly being replaced by two land types, forest land and water bodies. (3) Overall, the degree of landscape aggregation and adjacency has decreased, and the landscape heterogeneity has increased. (4) The total amount of ESV in 2000, 2008, 2013 and 2017 was 2574 × 108 Yuan RMB, 2605 × 108 Yuan RMB, 2618 × 108 Yuan RMB and 2612 × 108 Yuan RMB, respectively. The changes of landscape patterns had important impacts on the ESVs. In order to solve the problems caused by the increasingly prominent changes in the landscape patterns and improve the ESVs, it is necessary to rationally plan and allocate land resources, optimize the industrial structures, and develop effective regulatory policies.
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Lawrence, Ted J., Richard C. Stedman, Stephen J. Morreale y Sarah R. Taylor. "Rethinking Landscape Conservation: Linking Globalized Agriculture to Changes to Indigenous Community-Managed Landscapes". Tropical Conservation Science 12 (enero de 2019): 194008291988950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082919889503.
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Community-managed landscapes have valuable conservation potential. In particular, indigenous community management has slowed deforestation. However, globalized agriculture is an underlying driver of changes to indigenous community-managed landscapes. Our objective is to explain a hypothesized global-to-local causal pathway that stems from processes of globalized agriculture and changes to indigenous community-managed landscapes. The global-to-local pathway involves a nested hierarchy of political–economic processes, specifically land and natural resource privatization, commodification, and acquisition. At the local landscape level, we focus on changes to land tenure, livelihoods, land use, and land cover. Changes to land tenure involve a shift away from community and toward individual ownership and management. Concurrently, livelihoods shift away from subsistence and toward market-oriented activities. Subsequently, land use shifts away from small-scale extensive and toward large-scale intensive crop cultivation, away from diverse crop cultivation and toward monocropping, and away from crop toward livestock farming. Ultimately, land cover shifts away from diverse agro-forested and toward homogeneous deforested lands. We illustrate our approach using ejidos, a type of community-managed lands, in Yucatán, México as an exploratory example. We use descriptive statistics to initially assess the shift in ejido land tenure, from community to individually parcelized systems, and the shift in a principal subsistence livelihood and land use activity, from maize cultivation to cattle rearing. We highlight that individually parceled areas within ejidos are more deforested than community-managed areas. In all, we urge landscape conservation scientists to more fully consider not just local actions but also impacts stemming from globalized agriculture and to advance the breadth and depth of more extensive studies and analyses.
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Antwi, Effah Kwabena, John Boakye-Danquah, Stephen Boahen Asabere, Gerald A. B. Yiran, Seyram Kofi Loh, Kwabena Gyekye Awere, Felix K. Abagale, Kwabena Owusu Asubonteng, Emmanuel Morgan Attua y Alex Barimah Owusu. "Land Use and Landscape Structural Changes in the Ecoregions of Ghana". Journal of Disaster Research 9, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2014): 452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0452.
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In recent years, land use (LU) and landscape structure in ecoregions around the world have been faced with enormous pressures, from rapid population growth to urban sprawl. A preliminary account of changes in land cover (LC) and landscape structure in the ecoregions of Ghana is missing from the academic and research literature. The study therefore provides a preliminary assessment of the changing LU and landscape structure in the ecoregions of Ghana, identifying the causes and assessing their impact on land-based resources, and on urban and agricultural development. LU/LC maps produced from 30 m resolution Landsat TM5 in 1990 and ETM+ in 2000 were classified into dominant land cover types (LCTs) and used to survey the changing landscape of Ghana. LC-changemap preparation was done with change detection extension “Veränderung” (v3) in an ArcGIS 10.1 environment. At the class level, Patch Analyst version 5.1 was used to calculate land use (LU) statistics and to provide landscape metrics for LU maps extracted from the satellite imagery. The results showed that commonly observed LCCs in the ecoregions of Ghana include conversion of natural forest land to various forms of cultivated lands, settlements, and open land, particularly in closed and open forest and savannah woodland. The dominant LU types in the ecoregions of Ghana are arable lands, which increased by 6168.98 km2. Forest and plantation LCTs decreased in area and were replaced by agricultural land, forest garden, and open land. Afforestation rarely occurred except in the rainforests. The mean patch size (MPS), ameasure of fragmentation, was generally reduced consistently from 1990 to 2000 in all the ecoregions. Similar results that indicated increased fragmentation were an increased number of patches (NumP) and the Shannon diversity index (SDI). Habitat shape complexity inferred from mean shape index (MSI) decreased in all ecoregions except for rainforest and wet evergreen. The SDI and Shannon evenness index (SEI) showed that habitat diversity was highest in the coastal savannah and the deciduous forest ecoregions. The main drivers of changes in the LUs and landscape structure are demand for land and land-based natural resources to support competing livelihoods and developmental activities in the different ecoregions.
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Ribeiro, Daniela, Nika Razpotnik Visković y Andraž Čarni. "Landscape dynamics at borderlands: analysing land use changes from Southern Slovenia". Open Geosciences 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 1725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0212.
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Abstract This study presents the results of an in-depth study on landscape changes over the last two centuries in the region of Bela krajina, south-eastern Slovenia. Since this region is situated along the Slovenian–Croatian border, immigration and emigration are permanent fixtures in the region. Due to historical reasons, population structure and land use changes occurred. With regard to these processes, two case studies were selected: settlements of Adlešiči and Bojanci. Adlešiči is a village mainly inhabited by farmers of catholic religion. Bojanci was colonized by Orthodox Uskoki, i.e. refugees from Ottoman Empire who become Habsburg soldiers who lived a military life and had different attitude towards land cultivation. Landscapes in these two settlements have its own distinctive patterns contrasting to each other in the land use, showing historically distinctive cultural landscapes. The study aimed to interpret the development of cultural landscapes in these settlements by analysing the land use changes and identifying the factors that influenced it. Even though these sites have different management regimes, they are both affected by difficult karst terrain and isolation. The results confirmed the land abandonment and overgrowth of agricultural land in both case studies, however, at different rates.
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Kušan, Vladimir, Stjepan Husnjak, Tena Birov y Ivona Žiža. "Historical maps and landscape analysis". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 de julio de 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-200-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landscape is a result of natural assets and human work for a long period of time. During that time natural assets are changed by human activities. The most of our surrounding are cultural landscapes as a result of human presence. The main way to study the landscapes is spatial analysis within landscape analysis. Description and investigation of nowadays status of landscapes is not difficult. Understanding the way of landscape development is very difficult because of the lack of data, especially spatial data.</p><p>Usage of historical maps is the appropriate method of understanding landscape development through past times. For that procedure historical maps should be georeferenced. In this work the examples of georeferencing historical maps from First and Second Military Mapping Survey of Austrian Empire are presented. The usage of georeferenced historical maps was used for the preparation of land use maps for different periods and land use changes analyses. Those changes were used in landscape analyses for the investigation of development of built up areas and hydrological features in the city of Zagreb as well as investigation of authenticity of the areas of the Park of Nature Lonjsko Polje.</p><p>The aim of the project was to prove that the landscape in the area of Lonjsko polje has not changed significantly over the last 250 years. For the area of Lonjsko polje Nature Park, an analysis of landscape authenticity was carried out. As there were no methods for evaluating landscape authenticity, we decided to analyze the changes in land use by size and spatial distribution for the last 250 years. For this purpose, we used Austro-Hungarian military maps from 1765. The maps, covering the Nature Park were scanned and georeferenced. Digitalisation of 6 main land use classes (settlements, arable land, forests, seminatural areas, mostly grasslands, marshes and waters) was performed and the land use map in a scale 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;25.000 was produced.</p><p>The land use map for 2005, with accuracy of the map in a scale 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;25.000, was made using CORINE methodology. Orthorectified satellite images (Aster) were vectorised on screen into the same 6 land use classes as the old map. To evaluate the changes between these two maps the union operation was made, and land use flow analysis was performed. The largest surface of the changes occurred in 9 types of changes, with the largest changes being made to the category of grass vegetation that is changed into forests, agricultural land or the swamp. The second largest change was experienced in forests that were changed into agricultural land, grass vegetation or water. The third category that has undergone major changes is the category of swamps that were changed into forests, grass vegetation or agricultural land. Other types of changes took part in the total area with less than 1% and are not significant any more than the difference in the changes that may have arisen due to cartographic inaccuracies created by georeferencing of the old map.</p><p>The land use structure as a landscape element was analyzed on the macro level within squares of 10&thinsp;km&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10&thinsp;km and at a micro level within squares of 2&thinsp;km&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;2&thinsp;km. Changes in the structure of the land use practice exists but are not significant either on macro level or at the micro level. Thus, changes on macro level are the result of human activities (changes in agricultural areas) and at the micro level changes are more a result of natural processes (succession / regression of vegetation).</p><p>Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that changes in land use patterns over the last 250 years exist and are the result of human activities to a small extent or natural processes for the most part. When considering the significance of the changes, it should always have in mind that historical military maps could not be fully integrated into the valid cartographic system. Cartographic inaccuracies created by georeferencing the old map generate changes of small size that should not be considered.</p>
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Malandra, Francesco, Alessandro Vitali, Carlo Urbinati y Matteo Garbarino. "70 Years of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in the Apennines (Italy): A Meta-Analysis". Forests 9, n.º 9 (8 de septiembre de 2018): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090551.
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Land use science usually adopts a case study approach to investigate landscape change processes, so we considered a meta-analysis an appropriate tool for summarizing general patterns and heterogeneous findings across multiple case studies over a large geographic area. Mountain landscapes in the Apennines (Italy) have undergone significant variations in the last century due to regional and national socio-economic changes. In this work, we reviewed 51 manuscripts from different databases and examined 57 case studies. We explored heterogeneous data sets, adopting a stepwise approach to select the case studies: Step 1, a general overview of the main studies; Step 2, an analysis of the features of the study sites and of land-use/cover transitions; Step 3, a landscape pattern analysis. We standardized the processing methods to obtain a new set of homogeneous data suitable for comparative analysis. After some pre-processing of the selected paper due to the broad heterogeneity of the data, we calculated common landscape metrics ex novo. We obtained digital images used to perform automatic segmentation with eCognition Developer 64 software. Our review indicated that most case studies were in Central and Southern Italy, 83% were examined at local scale, 77% carried out change detection, but only 38% included both change detection and landscape spatial pattern analysis. The results revealed a clear trend of forest expansion (+78%) and the reduction of croplands (−49%) and grasslands (−19%). We did not find significant changes in the landscape spatial patterns.
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Manjarrez-Dominguez, Carlos, Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez, Carmelo Pinedo-Alvarez, Federico Villarreal-Guerrero y Leonor Cortes-Palacios. "Vegetation Landscape Analysis Due to Land Use Changes on Arid Lands". Polish Journal of Ecology 63, n.º 2 (junio de 2015): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.2.001.
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Sluis, Theo Van Der, Thanasis Kizos y Bas Pedroli. "Landscape Change in Mediterranean Farmlands: Impacts of Land Abandonment on Cultivation Terraces in Portofino (Italy) and Lesvos (Greece)". Journal of Landscape Ecology 7, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2014): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2014-0008.
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Abstract The Mediterranean landscape has been rapidly changing over the past decades. Many regions saw a population decline, which resulted in changing land use, abandonment of marginal lands and colonisation by shrubs and tree species. Typical features like farming terraces, olive yards, and upland grasslands have been decreasing over the past 50 years. This results in a declining biodiversity and loss of traditional Mediterranean landscapes. In this paper we assess the landscape changes that took place in two areas, in Portofino, on the Italian Riviera, and Lesvos, a Greek island near the Turkish coast. We compared land use maps and aerial photographs over the past decades to quantify the land use changes in these two areas. Additional information was acquired from farmers’ interviews and literature. We found that changes are related to societal changes in the appraisal of agricultural land uses, and to the urban expansion, tourism and recreation. These diffuse processes are a result of policy measures and autonomous societal transformations. This is confirmed by the results of two interview surveys: between 1999 and 2012 agricultural land use in Portofino regional Park and buffer zone further marginalised, and the associated landscape changes are perceived as a substantial loss of character and identity. This problem is emblematic for large parts of the Mediterranean. Comparing different landscapes reveal similar processes of landscape change, which can be related to similar driving forces. Based on such comparisons, we learn about possible trajectories of change, and ask for a comprehensive approach to land use management.
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Jung, Martin, Jörn P. W. Scharlemann y Pedram Rowhani. "Landscape-wide changes in land use and land cover correlate with, but rarely explain local biodiversity change". Landscape Ecology 35, n.º 10 (19 de septiembre de 2020): 2255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01109-2.
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Abstract Context There is an ongoing debate whether local biodiversity is declining and what might drive this change. Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are suspected to impact local biodiversity. However, there is little evidence for LULC changes beyond the local scale to affect biodiversity across multiple functional groups of species, thus limiting our understanding of the causes of biodiversity change. Objectives Here we investigate whether landscape-wide changes in LULC, defined as either trends in or abrupt changes in magnitude of photosynthetic activity, are driving bird diversity change. Methods Linking 34 year (1984–2017) time series at 2745 breeding bird survey (BBS) routes across the conterminous United States of America with remotely-sensed Landsat imagery, we assessed for each year what proportion of the landscape surrounding each BBS route changed in photosynthetic activity and tested whether such concomitant or preceding landscape-wide changes explained changes in bird diversity, quantified as relative abundance (geometric mean) and assemblage composition (Bray–Curtis index). Results We found that changes in relative abundance was negatively, and assemblage composition positively, correlated with changes in photosynthetic activity within the wider landscape. Furthermore, landscape-wide changes in LULC in preceding years explained on average more variation in bird diversity change than concomitant change. Overall, landscape-wide changes in LULC failed to explain most of the variation in bird diversity change for most BBS routes regardless whether differentiated by functional groups or ecoregions. Conclusions Our analyses highlight the influence of preceding and concomitant landscape-wide changes in LULC on biodiversity.
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Singh, Babita. "Land Use Land Cover Analysis using Geospatial Techniques". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n.º 8 (31 de agosto de 2021): 2561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37339.
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Abstract: Remote sensing and Geographic information system (GIS) techniques can be used for the changing pattern of landscape. The study was conducted in Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri Garhwal Districts of Uttarakhand State, India. In order to understand dynamics of landscape and to examine changes in the land use/cover due to anthropogenic activities, two satellite images (Landsat 5 and Landsat 8) for 1998 and 2020 were used. Google Earth Engine was used to perform supervised classification. Spectral indices (NDVI, MNDWI, SAVI, NDBI) were calculated in order to identify land cover classes. Both 1998 and 2020 satellite images were classified broadly into six classes namely agriculture, built-up, dense forest, open forest, scrub and waterbody. Using high resolution google earth satellite images and visual interpretation, overall accuracy assessment was performed. For land cover/use change analysis, these images were imported to GIS platform. Landscape configuration was observed by calculating various landscape metrices Images. It was observed that scrub land area had increased from 11 % to 14 % but a decrease in agriculture by 4.65 %. The increased value of NP, PD, PLAND, LPI and decrease in AI landscape indices shows that land fragmentation had increased since 1998. The most fragmented classes were scrub (PD - 3.32 to 5.18) and open forest (PD - 3.57 to 5.07). Decrease in AI for open forest, agriculture, built-up indicated that more fragmented patches of these classes were present. The result confirmed increase in the fragmentation of landscape from 1998 onwards. Keywords: GIS, LULC, landscape metrics, Remote Sensing
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Liu, Hua y Qihao Weng. "Landscape metrics for analysing urbanization-induced land use and land cover changes". Geocarto International 28, n.º 7 (noviembre de 2013): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2012.752530.
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Wang, Yuwei, Kaicheng Wu y Wang Gao. "Monitoring the changes in land use and landscape pattern in recent 20 years: A case study in Wuhan, China". E3S Web of Conferences 272 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201022.
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Based on the land use data of 2000, 2010 and 2020, using GIS technology along with landscape ecology methods, this paper monitored the changes in land use and landscape pattern in Wuhan. The findings are as follows: (1) the main features of land use change in Wuhan were the expansion of urban area and the decline of cropland, forest, wetland and water in recent 20 years; (2) forest, wetland and water kept a transfer-out trend while urban kept a transfer-in trend; (3) the fragmentation degree of forest, grassland and urban landscapes decreased from 2000 to 2020; (4) the patch shapes of almost all landscapes tended to be more regular under the human interventions. It is thereby worth reducing the interference intensity of human activities on landscape pattern in the process of urban growth.
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Lipský, Zdeněk. "Landscape Structure Change of the Czech Rural Landscape". Geografie 99, n.º 4 (1994): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1994099040248.
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Land use and landscape structure changes were investigated on the example of an agricultural landscape in Central Bohemia. The attention has been paid particularly to deep changes which occurred during recent 40 years of socialist collectivization. The analysis of the landscape development shows that not only the ratio of arable lands, grasslands and forests, but particularly their spatial composition significantly influence the landscape stability.
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Lazzari, Maurizio. "GIS Application in Fluvial Geomorphology and Landscape Changes". Water 12, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2020): 3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123481.
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The main purpose of this Special Issue of Water is to propose on overview of studies and researches, in which the use of GIS is functional to the representation of fluvial geomorphology and river dynamics, linear erosion processes, erosion rates, ancient landscapes reshaped by the fluvial action, flooding areas, and historical anthropic changes of the river landscape and land use [...]
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Voženílek, Vít y Jaromír Demek. "Modeling of soil erosion hazards as a response of land use changes". Geografie 105, n.º 2 (2000): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2000105020166.
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It is generally accepted that land use changes influence fluvial regime, especially generation of surface runoff, water discharge in water courses, and soil erosion. The disturbances in fluvial systems of old cultural landscapes caused by land use changes bring many difficulties in landscape management (floods, accelerated soil erosion, silting of river beds, etc.). The land use structure in the Trkmanka River catchment in the Czech Republic consisted until 1953 of fragmented plots (small patches of land, ribbons) and later has been changed into large fields with agricultural monocultures. The catchment is known for the highest values of soil erosion in the Czech Republic. Testing of common soil erosion models showed that they are not fitted for the catchment. A new model of soil erodibility is proposed in this paper.
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Izakovičová, Zita, László Miklós y Viktória Miklósová. "Integrative Assessment of Land Use Conflicts". Sustainability 10, n.º 9 (13 de septiembre de 2018): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093270.
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Changes in land use are reflected primary in changes of land cover, but subsequently cause conflict of interest of sectors and are the main initiation of many environmental problems. The basic tool for sustainable utilization of the landscape is integrated landscape management, which, in our understanding, is the environmentally biased harmonization of tools which regulate the spatial organization and functional utilization of the landscape to avoid the conflicts of interest of sectors. “Integrated” in this case means the systematic assessment of the interests of all relevant sectors from the environmental point of view. The scientific base of this approach is the understanding of the landscape as a geosystem, and, in particular, the proper interpretation of the mutual relations of primary, secondary and tertiary landscape structures and their role in the assessment of the conflicts of interest. This paper presents a theoretical and methodical base for the integrated approach to the assessment of the conflicts of interest of the sectors in the landscape. The theoretical-methodical base was applied to the model territory of the Trnava district (south-west Slovakia). Mutual conflicts of interest of endangering and endangered sectors cause diverse problems, which were ranked in three basic groups as: problems of endangering of the ecological stability of the landscape (including endangering of biodiversity and nature conservation areas); problems of endangering of natural resources (in particular forests, soils, waters); and, problems of endangering the immediate human environment (stress factors in residential and recreational areas). The result is the identification and analysis of the conflicts of interest in the territory and their projection to a map. This research should be followed by implementation of procedures of ecologically optimal spatial organization and utilization of the territory for regular spatial planning processes.
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Krajewski, Piotr. "Monitoring of Landscape Transformations within Landscape Parks in Poland in the 21st Century". Sustainability 11, n.º 8 (23 de abril de 2019): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082410.
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One of the most problematic forms of nature protection in Poland relates to landscape parks. They include the most valuable landscapes, but the areas within the landscape park still have economic uses. Therefore, the monitoring of landscape changes within landscape parks is necessary in order to properly manage these forms of protection. The main objective of the study was to monitor the scale and nature of landscape transformations within the boundaries of landscape parks in Poland during the period 2000–2018 and to assess the possibility of using the landscape change index (LCI) to monitor the intensity of landscape transformations within this type of protected area. Preliminary analyses of the transformations within all landscape parks in Poland showed an upward trend, both in terms of the number of types of identified landscape changes as well as their area. In spite of the large diversity and degree of transformation in landscape parks, several dominant processes can be observed. The largest number and area of changes during each of the analyzed periods were found in transformations within forest landscapes (temporary and permanent deforestation and forest maturation), which constitute the dominant type of land cover within most of the landscape parks. In open landscapes, changes mainly relate to afforestation and natural succession in meadows, pastures, and arable land, as well as the transformation of arable land into mining areas. Twelve case studies, covering all landscape parks in Lower Silesia, have shown that the LCI is an excellent tool for monitoring the intensity of landscape changes, but it is dependent on the accuracy of the source data. The analyses confirmed that, during the study periods, the changes in all 12 Lower Silesian landscape parks were at a low level, but their particular intensification took place in the years from 2012 to 2018. The highest LCI was found in the area where a natural disaster had occurred (air tornado), which destroyed huge areas of forest in landscape parks. After changes in the forest landscape, the most frequently identified type of change in 2006–2012 was the transformation of non-forest landscapes into forest landscapes. The main reason for such changes was the expansion of forest into abandoned arable land, meadows, and pastures. The use of the Corine Land Cover database to calculate the LCI and monitor the intensity of landscape change revealed a low usability of the database for the year 2000 and a high usability for data from 2006 to 2018.
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Bendíková, Lucia, Markéta Šantrůčková y Zdeněk Lipský. "Evaluation of land cover/land use development in selected landscape conservation areas in comparison to non-protected areas". Geografie 123, n.º 3 (2018): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123030295.
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Qualities of protected areas in Europe are the result of mutual collaboration, and the influence of natural conditions and historical development. Therefore, landscape protection has a wider scope. In addition to the protection of the landscape’s natural qualities, landscape protection also needs to identify human-driven impacts that support or directly affect landscape qualities. We have compared the development of land use/land cover in selected landscape conservation areas, and suitably selected referential areas in four time levels within a period of more than 150 years. The goals were to identify the types of land use that decrease, or increase the qualities of landscape, and to verify the hypothesis that landscape conservation areas, protected areas, have gone through a different land use/land cover development than the referential areas. The results of this comparison do not confirm our hypothesis. The most substantial changes in the rural areas in Czechia took place in a distant past not covered by the dataset used in this study.
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Barančok, Peter y Mária Barančoková. "Historical changes in dispersed kopanitse land type and changes in use of agricultural land on Kysuce region example". Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0030.
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Abstract Territory of Kysuce is characterised by a high proportion of the traditional agricultural landscape (TAL), which occupy almost 12% of the area. Two types of TAL were allocated here. The first type is represented by TAL with dispersed settlement. The second type is represented by TAL of arable land and grassland landscape. The largest representation has typical forms of anthropogenic relief (FAR). TALs represent the most diverse mosaic of man-made habitats and natural habitats too. In the past, there were the largest representations of arable land and regularly mown meadows. Currently, these areas are dominated by abandoned meadows (fallow meadows), occasionally grazed pastures and meadows. Arable land is represented only minimally. The large part of areas is overgrown by non-forest woody vegetation or passes to the forest vegetation. In this process of landscape changes, significant changes in biodiversity of the areas are realised. Successively, the species of segetal and ruderal vegetation are less represented and species of forest vegetation obtained greater representation. In the process of mapping and evaluation, FAR - shape and orientation of plots, types of balks and some of their basic characteristics - were monitored.
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Duan, Cheng, Peili Shi, Minghua Song, Xianzhou Zhang, Ning Zong y Caiping Zhou. "Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Kailash Sacred Landscape of China". Sustainability 11, n.º 6 (25 de marzo de 2019): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061788.
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Land use and land cover change (LUCC) is an important driver of ecosystem function and services. Thus, LUCC analysis may lay foundation for landscape planning, conservation and management. It is especially true for alpine landscapes, which are more susceptible to climate changes and human activities. However, the information on LUCC in sacred landscape is limited, which will hinder the landscape conservation and development. We chose Kailash Sacred Landscape in China (KSL-China) to investigate the patterns and dynamics of LUCC and the driving forces using remote sensing data and meteorological data from 1990 to 2008. A supervised classification of land use and land cover was established based on field survey. Rangelands presented marked fluctuations due to climatic warming and its induced drought, for example, dramatic decreases were found in high- and medium-cover rangelands over the period 2000–2008. And recession of most glaciers was also observed in the study period. Instead, an increase of anthropogenic activities accelerated intensive alteration of land use, such as conversion of cropland to built-up land. We found that the change of vegetation cover was positively correlated with growing season precipitation (GSP). In addition, vegetation cover was substantially reduced along the pilgrimage routes particularly within 5 km of the routes. The findings of the study suggest that climatic warming and human disturbance are interacted to cause remarkable LUCC. Tourism development was responsible land use change in urban and pilgrimage routes. This study has important implications for landscape conservation and ecosystem management. The reduction of rangeland cover may decrease the rangeland quality and pose pressure for the carrying capacity of rangelands in the KSL-China. With the increasing risk of climate warming, rangeland conservation is imperative. The future development should shift from livestock-focus animal husbandry to service-based ecotourism in the sacred landscape.
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Cervelli, Elena, Ester Scotto di Perta y Stefania Pindozzi. "Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas". Sustainability 12, n.º 13 (3 de julio de 2020): 5400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135400.
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Landscape is increasingly characterized by a multifaced nature. In scientific literature and landscape governance, new landscape definitions are often coined to explain new meanings and to define specific intervention strategies and tools. The present study purposes a framework for the identification of hybrid landscapes as support for land-use planners, which aim to guarantee development opportunities as well as natural heritage preservation and valorization. “Marginal lands” were identified starting from EU Directives and scientific approaches, by means of multicriteria analysis. Different scenarios were built: (1) no-change; (2) energy crops; (3) green infrastructures. An ecosystem services approach, via landscape metrics analysis, was used to compare the possible effects of scenarios. About 20% of the study area, an internal area of the southern Apennines, was identified as suitable for land-use change in a medium-short time, and scenarios of land-use changes show a better condition, in terms of fragmentation, than as a current asset. Results showed the strategic role and potentialities of marginal lands, as a trade-off between nature conservation and development issues, suggesting new opportunities for green infrastructures and a renewable energies chain. The study allowed for deepening the close connection among landscape planning approaches, land use change scenarios building and environmental assessment, focused on the ex-ante evaluation stage.
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Mas, J. F., B. Soares-Filho y H. Rodrigues. "CALIBRATING CELLULAR AUTOMATA OF LAND USE/COVER CHANGE MODELS USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (19 de agosto de 2015): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-67-2015.
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Spatially explicit land use / land cover (LUCC) models aim at simulating the patterns of change on the landscape. In order to simulate landscape structure, the simulation procedures of most computational LUCC models use a cellular automata to replicate the land use / cover patches. Generally, model evaluation is based on assessing the location of the simulated changes in comparison to the true locations but landscapes metrics can also be used to assess landscape structure. As model complexity increases, the need to improve calibration and assessment techniques also increases. In this study, we applied a genetic algorithm tool to optimize cellular automata’s parameters to simulate deforestation in a region of the Brazilian Amazon. We found that the genetic algorithm was able to calibrate the model to simulate more realistic landscape in term of connectivity. Results show also that more realistic simulated landscapes are often obtained at the expense of the location coincidence. However, when considering processes such as the fragmentation impacts on biodiversity, the simulation of more realistic landscape structure should be preferred to spatial coincidence performance.
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Che Man, Noordini Binti y Anis Farhan Binti Salihin. "ANALYZING LAND USE PATTERN CHANGES IN MUKIM PENGERANG, JOHOR, MALAYSIA". Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 5, n.º 2 (25 de octubre de 2018): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.2.229-236.
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Urbanization and urban land-use transition have a competitive environment to ensure and provide good facilities for citizen benefit. The landscape patterns resulting from urbanization effect processes at local, regional, and global scales. Quantifying the spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization is important for understanding its ecological impacts and can provide basic information for appropriate decision-making. The growth of urbanization in Mukim Pengerang, Johor, has undergone rapid changes in agriculture, settlements, townships and various activities. The changes of land use take place in Mukim Pengerang due to the rapid economic development, especially in industrializations which are Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project and Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC). The industrialization boosts the growth in land property and commercial which progressing in rapid development since the year 2012, in resulting whether it can give good, bad or both impact to the human and surrounding. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to quantify the changes in landscape pattern or land use pattern between the year 2008 and 2017 occurred in Mukim Pengerang. In monitoring the spatial pattern changes, and the changes of landscape structure, the metrics landscape were analyzed with determination of the Shanon Diversity Index (SHDI), the number of patches (NP), Edge Density (ED) and Total Edge (TE) in the period of 8 years. The results show that the changes occurred with the three types of land use showed significant changes in the types of land use which are forest, agricultural and built-up area. The result of SHDI analysis shows the increment value between the year 2008 and 2017. This situation illustrates that the higher value of SHDI for an area, resulting in the higher level of land use. This is because the growing pattern of land use is reflected by a large number of patches due to the diversification of land use activities in the area. As a result, from the metrics statistics test verifies there was a significant change in land use that took place within 8 years.
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Montiel-Molina, Cristina, Lara Vilar, Catarina Romão Sequeira, Oskar Karlsson, Luis Galiana-Martín, Gonzalo Madrazo-García de Lomana y Mª Teresa Palacios-Estremera. "Have Historical Land Use/Land Cover Changes Triggered a Fire Regime Shift in Central Spain?" Fire 2, n.º 3 (3 de agosto de 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2030044.
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Fire is one of the main disturbance factors shaping the landscape, and landscape is a key driver of fire behavior. Considering the role played by land use and land cover (LULC) changes as the main driver of landscape dynamics, the aim of this study was to calculate and analyze (i) the real impact of fire on LULC changes and (ii) how these LULC changes were influencing the fire regime. We used methods of historical geography and socio-spatial systemic analysis for reconstructing and assessing the LULC change and fire history in six case studies in the Central Mountain System (Spain) from archival documentary sources and historical cartography. The main result is an accurate dataset of fire records from 1497 to 2013 and a set of LULC maps for three time points (1890s–1930s, 1956–1957, and the 2000s). We have shown the nonlinear evolution of the fire regime and the importance of the local scale when assessing the interaction of landscape dynamics and fire regime variation. Our findings suggest that LULC trends have been the main influencing factor of fire regime variation in Central Spain since the mid-19th century.
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Liu, Xiaohui, Yu An, Guihua Dong y Ming Jiang. "Land Use and Landscape Pattern Changes in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China". Forests 9, n.º 10 (12 de octubre de 2018): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100637.
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Agricultural reclamation has been the major threat to land use changes in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, over the past decades. However, spatial and temporal dynamics of land use and landscape, especially in the recent years, are not well known. In this study, land use and landscape pattern changes from 1982 to 2015 were analyzed using remote sensing data by splitting the period into five periods. The results indicated that the largest reduction of forestland area was 648.70 km2 during 1995–2000, and the relative change was −1.84%. The converted area of forestlands to dry farmlands in this period was about 90% of the total reduced forestland area. Marshland areas decreased remarkably by 63.29% and paddy fields increased by 1.78 times from 1982 to 2015. Paddy fields experienced large conversion into dry farmlands during 2005–2010 (1788.57 km2), followed by a reverse conversion from 1995 to 2000 (2379.60 km2). The difference of relative change revealed development speed of paddy field was faster than that of dry farmlands among the five periods. Landscape pattern was analyzed using class- and landscape-level metrics. The landscape diversity index and number of patches increased, which showed that the degrees of the forestland, marshland, and cropland landscape fragmentation were aggravated. Our study provides the effective means of land use dynamic monitoring and evaluation at the landscape level for the existing forestlands and marshlands protection.
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Indrayani, Poppy, Yasuhiro Mitani, Ibrahim Djamaluddin y Hiro Ikemi. "A GIS BASED EVALUATION OF LAND USE CHANGES AND ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY INDEX". Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 4, n.º 1 (29 de septiembre de 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.4.1.9-18.
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Recently, the Makassar region is a significant land use planning and management issue, and has many impacts on the ecological function and structure landscape. With the development and infrastructure initiatives mostly around the urban centers, the urbanization and sprawl would impact the environment and the natural resources. Therefore, environmental management and careful strategic spatial planning in landscape ecological network is crucial when aiming for sustainable development. In this paper, the impacts of land use changes from 1997 to 2012 on the landscape ecological connectivity in the Makassar region were evaluated using Geographic Information System (GIS). The resulted GIS analysis clearly showed that land use changes occurring in the Makassar region have caused profound changes in landscape pattern. The spatial model had a predictive capability allowing the quantitative assessment and comparison of the impacts resulting from different land use on the ecological connectivity index. The results had an effective performance in identifying the vital ecological areas and connectivity prior to development plan in areas.
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Prokopová, Marcela, Luca Salvati, Gianluca Egidi, Ondřej Cudlín, Renata Včeláková, Radek Plch y Pavel Cudlín. "Envisioning Present and Future Land-Use Change under Varying Ecological Regimes and Their Influence on Landscape Stability". Sustainability 11, n.º 17 (27 de agosto de 2019): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174654.
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Climate change plays an important role in shaping ecological stability of landscape systems. Increasing weather fluctuations such as droughts threaten the ecological stability of natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Uncertainty exists regarding the validity of traditional landscape assessment schemes under climate change. This commentary debates the main factors that threaten ecological stability, discussing basic approaches to interpret landscape functioning. To address this pivotal issue, the intimate linkage between ecological stability and landscape diversity is explored, considering different approaches to landscape stability assessment. The impact of land-use changes on landscape stability is finally discussed. Assessment methodologies and indicators are reviewed and grouped into homogeneous classes based on a specific nomenclature of stability aspects which include landscape composition, fragmentation and connectivity, thermodynamic and functional issues, biodiversity, soil degradation, and ecological disturbance. By considering land-use change as one of the most important factors underlying climate change, individual components of landscape stability are finally delineated and commented upon. In this regard, specific trajectories of land-use change (including agricultural intensification, land abandonment, and urbanization) are investigated for their effects on ecological stability. A better understanding of land-use impacts on landscape stability is crucial for a better knowledge of processes leading to land degradation.
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VIEDMA, OLGA, JOSÉ M. MORENO y IGNACIO RIEIRO. "Interactions between land use/land cover change, forest fires and landscape structure in Sierra de Gredos (Central Spain)". Environmental Conservation 33, n.º 3 (19 de julio de 2006): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906003122.
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In fire-prone areas, like the Mediterranean, land abandonment and forestation may interact with fire to alter landscape properties and eventually fire hazard and occurrence. However, the spatial interactions among the two processes (land-use/land cover change [LULC] and fire) are poorly known. Here, we analysed the relative effect of LULC change and fire on the landscape structure of an area of Central Spain frequently affected by fire. A series of Landsat MSS images from 1975 to 1990 was analysed to quantify annual changes in LULC, map fire perimeters and evaluate the changes in landscape properties. The temporal dynamics were analysed by annually computing the fraction occupied by each LULC type and landscape structural properties (number, size, shape and arrangement of patches) that might play a role in fire propagation. All of these were calculated separately for the unburned or the burned areas during the study period, as well as for the entire area. At the whole landscape level, or in the unburned area, LULC changes were small, yet the two more flammable LULC types tended to increase, and the landscape tended to become more homogeneous. In the burned area, the area covered by pine woodlands tended to decrease, and that covered by shrublands to increase. Burned areas turned into shrublands only five years after fire. Landscape indices indicative of reduced fragmentation were also found. Both LULC change and fire altered landscape patterns in the whole area to create a less fragmented and more contiguous landscape than in 1975. The changes induced in the whole landscape by fire, in spite of the overall low disturbance rate, were sufficient to closely determine the changes in landscape composition (LULC types) and patterns.
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Shuangao, Wang, Rajchandar Padmanaban, Aires A. Mbanze, João M. N. Silva, Mohamed Shamsudeen, Pedro Cabral y Felipe S. Campos. "Using Satellite Image Fusion to Evaluate the Impact of Land Use Changes on Ecosystem Services and Their Economic Values". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 5 (25 de febrero de 2021): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050851.
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Accelerated land use change is a current challenge for environmental management worldwide. Given the urgent need to incorporate economic and ecological goals in landscape planning, cost-effective conservation strategies are required. In this study, we validated the benefit of fusing imagery from multiple sensors to assess the impact of landscape changes on ecosystem services (ES) and their economic values in the Long County, Shaanxi Province, China. We applied several landscape metrics to assess the local spatial configuration over 15 years (2004–2019) from fused imageries. Using Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor 3 (IRS LISS 3) imageries fused for 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019, we reclassified land use/land cover (LULC) changes, through the rotation forest (RF) machine-learning algorithm. We proposed an equivalent monetary metric for estimating the ES values, which also could be used in the whole China. Results showed that agriculture farmland and unused land decreased their spatial distribution over time, with an observed increase on woodland, grassland, water bodies and built-up area. Our findings suggested that the patterns of landscape uniformity and connectivity improved, while the distribution of landscape types stabilized, while the landscape diversity had a slight improvement. The overall ES values increased (4.34%) under a benefit transfer approach, mainly concerning woodland and grassland. A sensitivity analysis showed the selected economic value (EV) was relevant and suitable for the study area associated with our ES for LULC changes. We suggested that changes in landscape patterns affected the ESV trends, while the increases on some LULC classes slightly improved the landscape diversity. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we recommend that local authorities and environmental practitioners should balance the economic benefits and ecological gains in different landscapes to achieve a sustainable development from local to regional scales.
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Trevisan, Diego Peruchi, Mayara Herrmann Ruggiero, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Dayana Almeida, Maryam Imani, Heiko Balzter y Luiz Eduardo Moschini. "Evaluation of Environmental Naturalness: A Case Study in the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin, São Paulo, Brazil". Sustainability 13, n.º 6 (10 de marzo de 2021): 3021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063021.
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The connection between humanity and nature has an organizational impact on land use/land, often changing landscapes’ patterns. In this context, our study aims to analyze the changes in the landscape structure of the Tietê-Jacaré watershed, São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2007 and 2017, through the urbanity index. The landscape analysis described the temporal landscape patterns resulting from the influence of anthropogenic processes. This approach assumes that the environmental impacts are associated with the vulnerability of land use components. The urbanity index was utilized to analyze the landscape sustainability conditions in response to anthropogenic influence. We observed a reduction in vegetation areas (2.72%), representing 32,149 ha, followed by an expansion of crops (2.05%, 24,507.53 ha) and, as a result, a reduction of the landscape environmental quality with a growth of the areas with anthropic intervention. The development of anthropic activities, land use, and land cover changes could compromise the region’s ecosystems negatively, e.g., through effects on soils that provide sustenance vegetation and afford energy for terrestrial life. The urbanity index expressed the conservation and natural state of the landscape studied. It is presented as an essential tool for diagnosing the environment and for the conservation of the ecosystem, allowing precise analysis of landscape elements and enabling accurate analysis of each fragment of the landscape.
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DELIBES-MATEOS, MIGUEL, MIGUEL ÁNGEL FARFÁN, JESÚS OLIVERO y JUAN MARIO VARGAS. "Impact of land-use changes on red-legged partridge conservation in the Iberian Peninsula". Environmental Conservation 39, n.º 4 (18 de mayo de 2012): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000100.
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SUMMARYRed-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) populations have significantly declined in the Iberian Peninsula (by > 50% between 1973 and 2002). This decline has been attributed to the drastic changes that have occurred in traditional agricultural landscapes, among other factors. This paper assesses the relationship between landscape change and the changes in areas favourable to partridges. The areas favourable to partridges in Andalusia (southern Spain), and the environmental and land-use factors that determined these areas, were identified for both the 1960s and the 1990s. Land-use changes were analysed both throughout the study area and for areas where favourability for partridges has either improved or worsened during recent decades. Both the location and the factors determining areas favourable to red-legged partridges have changed substantially over recent decades. In the 1960s, areas favourable to partridges were associated mainly with natural vegetation in mountainous areas, whereas, by the 1990s, favourable areas were associated with large low-lying croplands; such change may be attributable to regional land-use changes. The percentage area of the main natural vegetation variables positively correlated to partridge favourability in the 1960s model (mainly pastures and open scrubland) had decreased in areas that had become unfavourable to the species (such as mountain areas), and risen where partridge favourability increased. By the 1990s, the land area favourable to partridges had decreased by c. 10% (c. 6000 km2) in southern Spain, whereas land use unfavourable to partridges markedly increased (> 100%; an increase of c. 3000 km2). Landscape suitable for partridges has thus become severely impoverished over recent decades in the Iberian Peninsula. Management measures aimed at improving the landscape for farmland birds should be encouraged to conserve red-legged partridge populations in southern Spain.
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Miklín, Jan y Jan Hradecký. "Landscape structure changes at the confluence of the Morava and Dyje Rivers". Geografie 121, n.º 3 (2016): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121030368.
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The area at the confluence of the Morava and Dyje Rivers is one of the biologically most diverse landscapes of Czechia. This paper focuses on its land use/land cover changes, obtained from aerial photographs from 1938, 1953, 1976 and 2009, analyzed by a use of landscape metrics. The most important landscape changes in this period were as follows: (i) an all but complete disappearance of open and structured woodlands; (ii) a transformation of the mosaic of very small agricultural fields into large-scale fields of mostly arable land; (iii) a significant decrease in grasslands; (iv) regulations of water courses; (v) an outstanding increase in logging intensity during the last twenty years. The preservation of the area’s biodiversity demands a start of active conservation management, focused on opening of woodlands, a decrease in forest logging and a suitable selection of logging localities.
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Wang, Yafei, Xiaoli Zhao, Lijun Zuo, Zengxiang Zhang, Xiao Wang, Ling Yi, Fang Liu y Jinyong Xu. "Spatial Differentiation of Land Use and Landscape Pattern Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Area". Sustainability 12, n.º 7 (10 de abril de 2020): 3040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073040.
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Landscape pattern analysis based on geometric features effectively reflects the spatial patterns of land use. Based on the administrative boundaries of prefecture-level cities, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei collaborative development area is divided into three sub-regions, according to ecological–production–living functions. We used remote sensing data of long time series land-use change from late 1980 to 2015, and analyzed landscape pattern changes and spatial differentiation in the past 30 years. The results show that: (1) The main type of land-use change was the flow of cultivated land to urban construction land, and the urbanization process was significant. (2) The urban construction land was the landscape type with the highest degree of fragmentation and maximum land-use change in the region. (3) The patch density in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area increased while the average patch area decreased, and the entire landscape tended towards significant fragmentation. The Shannon diversity and evenness indexes continued to increase, indicating that the overall landscape in this region is heterogeneous and diversified. The ecological and environmental protection measures implemented in this region so far have achieved results, but require more stringent measures to ensure the total diversification of land use in the region.
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Mojses, Matej y František Petrovič. "Land use changes of historical structures in the agricultural landscape at the local level — Hriňová case study". Ekologia 32, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2013-0001.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe agricultural landscapes in the cadastral area of Hriňova and their development in the context of social and economic changes over the past 60 years. This area is characterized by the occurrence of historical structures of agricultural landscape (HSAL) which are important because they comprise various cultural, environmental and ecological aspects. The assessment of land use changes on the two scales of cadastral area and selected small localities highlights that the most important trend here is agricultural extensification. The results show that despite these changes in land use, the historical structures in the agricultural landscape represented by forms of anthropogenic relief remain a permanent part of this research area.
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Assis, Tainá Oliveira, Maria Isabel Sobral Escada y Silvana Amaral. "Effects of Deforestation over the Cerrado Landscape: A Study in the Bahia Frontier". Land 10, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040352.
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The losses in the Brazilian Cerrado raise the need to understand the border regions between human activities and Cerrado remnants. This work aims to answer the questions: How does the landscape change in a deforestation area in the Brazilian Cerrado, and where do the losses of native Cerrado occur in the landscape context? We chose the Cerrado of Bahia, an area of the agricultural frontier, and used landscape metrics, and land use and land cover data from 2013 and 2020, to quantify the changes in the landscape. We built a typology of landscape patterns to classify and characterize the Cerrado landscapes, based on the landscape metrics, and land use and land cover data from TerraClass Cerrado 2013. From these parameters, a decision tree classifier enabled the classification of the landscape types. Then, we used the yearly deforestation data from PRODES Cerrado to obtain the native cover and the landscape metrics for 2020. The predominant landscape in 2013 was the Intermediate Stage of Fragmentation (32.53%), followed by the Initial Stage of Fragmentation (31.26%), Consolidated Pasture (16.4%), Consolidated Agriculture (9.78%), Mixed Landscapes (5.59%) and Native Cerrado (4.70%). The continuous Cerrado borders on areas in an initial and intermediate stage of fragmentation, putting pressure on the native area. The losses in native cover do not occur in consolidated landscapes or inside the continuous Cerrado. Instead, there is a process of vegetation conversion over the landscapes in the initial and intermediate stages of fragmentation, and landscapes where the matrix is heterogeneous. These factors signal the need to preserve the contiguous fragments of Cerrado.
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Shen, Ge, Xiuchun Yang, Yunxiang Jin, Sha Luo, Bin Xu y Qingbo Zhou. "Land Use Changes in the Zoige Plateau Based on the Object-Oriented Method and Their Effects on Landscape Patterns". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 1 (18 de diciembre de 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010014.
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Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is the most direct driving force of landscape pattern change. The Zoige Plateau is a natural ecosystem with the largest high-altitude swamp wetland in China and its land use pattern has undergone great changes in recent years, but how the changes of each land use type affect the landscape pattern is uncertain. Here, we used the object-oriented method to extract land use information in 2015. Then, combined with land use data, the land use change characteristics from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed. We used the correlation analysis method to analyze the effects of land use changes on landscape pattern systematically. Three key conclusions were reached. (1) Land use information for the Zoige Plateau could be extracted with high accuracy by combining the object-oriented method and support vector machine (SVM). The overall accuracy was 93.2% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.889. (2) The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use was the highest from 2010 to 2015. From 2000 to 2015, the wetland area decreased the fastest because 57.05% of the wetlands were transferred out. Construction land increased the fastest, and the transferred in area from grassland and farmland were the main reason. (3) The effects of unused land, farmland, and construction land on the overall landscape pattern were stronger than that of the other types, among which farmland had the most significant impact (with a correlation coefficient of 0.959, p < 0.001). The change of unused land was the most highly significant factor associated with the landscape area pattern, and both the water body and unused land showed strong correlations with landscape shape pattern change. This suggested that the effects of land use types occupying a relatively small area on the landscape pattern were intensified. This study will provide guidance for the environmental management of local land resources and other natural ecosystem areas.
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Liu, Wei Ling, Lin Bo Zhang y Jing Hai Zhu. "Prediction and Analysis of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Liaoning Coastal Economic Zone, China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (julio de 2011): 4430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4430.
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Land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) is an important factor of global change. In this study, the LUCC of Liaoning Coastal Economic Zone, the typical area of urbanization in China, was simulated by applying CLUE-S model under the historical trend scenario and policy scenario two scenarios. Transfer matrix and landscape index were also applied to analyze the change of landscape pattern. The results show that, from 1988 to 2007, the area of construction land was considerably increased. However, the area of forest, water and farmland were greatly decreased. The results were mainly caused by the rapid growth of economic, population and accelerated urbanization. These changes have caused landscape fragmentation in this study area. In general, the trends of landscape changes under two scenarios were unsustainable in this area.
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Xue, Ji Bin y Bo Zhang. "Impact of Rural Land Consolidation on the Changes of Landscape Pattern: Take Haiyan County as an Example". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (diciembre de 2014): 2870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2870.
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Rural land consolidation has a profound impact on the changes of landscape pattern. In this paper, the author took the Haiyan County for example. Using GIS technology as well as theory and methods of landscape ecology, the author studied landscape pattern of land consolidation by selecting 15 indicators, including landscape structure characteristics, patch characteristics, corridor characteristics and characteristics of matrix into the land use situation and landscape pattern before and after land consolidation, analyzed and summarized the rural land consolidation to the influence of landscape pattern. Then the author put forward measures of rural land ecological construction. The results also show, rural land consolidation on the impacts of landscape pattern has two sides, hence should make full use of its positive effect and take some measures to reduce its influence.
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Houet, Thomas, Thomas R. Loveland, Laurence Hubert-Moy, Cédric Gaucherel, Darrell Napton, Christopher A. Barnes y Kristi Sayler. "Exploring subtle land use and land cover changes: a framework for future landscape studies". Landscape Ecology 25, n.º 2 (16 de mayo de 2009): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9362-8.
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Rahaman, S. A., S. Aruchamy, K. Balasubramani y R. Jegankumar. "LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGES IN SEMI-ARID MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE IN SOUTHERN INDIA: A GEOINFORMATICS BASED MARKOV CHAIN APPROACH". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (31 de mayo de 2017): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-231-2017.
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Nowadays land use/ land cover in mountain landscape is in critical condition; it leads to high risky and uncertain environments. These areas are facing multiple stresses including degradation of land resources; vagaries of climate and depletion of water resources continuously affect land use practices and livelihoods. To understand the Land use/Land cover (Lu/Lc) changes in a semi-arid mountain landscape, Kallar watershed of Bhavani basin, in southern India has been chosen. Most of the hilly part in the study area covers with forest, plantation, orchards and vegetables and which are highly affected by severe soil erosion, landslide, frequent rainfall failures and associated drought. The foothill regions are mainly utilized for agriculture practices; due to water scarcity and meagre income, the productive agriculture lands are converted into settlement plots and wasteland. Hence, land use/land cover change deduction; a stochastic processed based method is indispensable for future prediction. For identification of land use/land cover, and vegetation changes, Landsat TM, ETM (1995, 2005) and IRS P6- LISS IV (2015) images were used. Through CAMarkov chain analysis, Lu/Lc changes in past three decades (1995, 2005, and 2015) were identified and projected for (2020 and 2025); Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to find the vegetation changes. The result shows that, maximum changes occur in the plantation and slight changes found in forest cover in the hilly terrain. In foothill areas, agriculture lands were decreased while wastelands and settlement plots were increased. The outcome of the results helps to farmer and policy makers to draw optimal lands use planning and better management strategies for sustainable development of natural resources.
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Giełda-Pinas, Katarzyna, Arika Ligmann-Zielińska y Zbigniew Zwoliński. "Land use and land cover changes simulated with agent-based modelling for water conservation at catchment scale". Limnological Review 15, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2015): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2015-0011.
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Abstract Various factors influence the spatial and temporal patterns of land cover and land use in lakeland landscapes. Land use/cover change (LUCC) is one of the crucial factors influencing both natural processes that occur in lakelands and lakes and anthropogenic processes, which intensify these changes. Therefore, LUCC at a local and regional scale may be treated as an important geoindicator for the functioning of the lakeland landscape. Nowadays, LUCC mostly depends on different human decisions. In the existing literature, the consequences of negative changes have already been widely recognized. Conversely, in this paper, we focus on the possible positive effects of LUCC. To that end, we built an agent-based model to show how selected human decisions may positively influence lakeland landscapes and lakes. We apply the model to the Gniezno Lakeland, Poland. Based on the environmental decisions of farmers, the model demonstrates how the LUCC pattern may change in time and space and how those changes may influence freshwater quality in four individual lake catchments of the Gniezno Lakeland.
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Le Provost, Gaëtane, Isabelle Badenhausser, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yann Clough, Laura Henckel, Cyrille Violle, Vincent Bretagnolle, Marilyn Roncoroni, Peter Manning y Nicolas Gross. "Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n.º 3 (6 de enero de 2020): 1573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910023117.
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Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. Although biodiversity often shows a delayed response to land-use change, previous studies have typically focused on a narrow range of current landscape factors and have largely ignored the role of land-use history in shaping plant and animal communities and their functional characteristics. Here, we used a unique database of 220,000 land-use records to investigate how 20-y of land-use changes have affected functional diversity across multiple trophic groups (primary producers, mutualists, herbivores, invertebrate predators, and vertebrate predators) in 75 grassland fields with a broad range of land-use histories. The effects of land-use history on multitrophic trait diversity were as strong as other drivers known to impact biodiversity, e.g., grassland management and current landscape composition. The diversity of animal mobility and resource-acquisition traits was lower in landscapes where much of the land had been historically converted from grassland to crop. In contrast, functional biodiversity was higher in landscapes containing old permanent grasslands, most likely because they offer a stable and high-quality habitat refuge for species with low mobility and specialized feeding niches. Our study shows that grassland-to-crop conversion has long-lasting impacts on the functional biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems. Accordingly, land-use legacy effects must be considered in conservation programs aiming to protect agricultural biodiversity. In particular, the retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive landscapes may offset ecological debts.
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MENDES, POLIANA y PAULO DE MARCO. "Bat species vulnerability in Cerrado: integrating climatic suitability with sensitivity to land-use changes". Environmental Conservation 45, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2017): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000194.
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SUMMARYClimate variables are commonly used to predict suitability for species occurrence, but local processes, such as landscape changes, may affect habitat suitability. We identified levels of exposure to deforestation of suitable climatic areas for eight bat species in the Brazilian Cerrado and explored how sensitivity to land-use changes could reduce their persistence. We created scenarios of sensitivity to land-use changes using theoretical species persistence thresholds to natural vegetation loss in landscapes (70%, 50% and 30% of loss). We also assessed sensitivity to land-use changes using empirical data. Species are under higher exposure to land-use changes in the southern Cerrado, a region more affected by humans due to its proximity to major urban areas. Changes in land use in the Cerrado mostly affect Myotis nigricans, Artibeus cinereus and Platyrrhinus lineatus. Empirically derived scenarios encountered significant thresholds at 50% of natural vegetation loss in landscapes for Artibeus lituratus and P. lineatus. Deforestation has already affected a half of the Cerrado area, but in terms of possibly vulnerable suitable areas, a larger proportion has been lost, amounting to up to 80% of the suitable area. We propose that information on species-specific sensitivity thresholds to habitat loss and on the exposure of suitable landscapes to land-use changes can be useful to assessing species vulnerability.
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Alexakis, Dimitrios D. y Christos Polykretis. "Studying Land Use and Land Cover Spatial Patterns Distribution in Crete, Greece with Means of Satellite Remote Sensing". Proceedings 30, n.º 1 (21 de mayo de 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030066.
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Multi-temporal Land use and Land cover (LULC) monitoring is a crucial parameter for assessing an area’s landscape ecology regime. LULC changes can be effectively used to describe dynamics of both urban or rural environments and vegetation patterns as an important indicator of ecological environments. In this context, spatial land use properties can be quantified by using a set of landscape metrics. Landscape metrics capture inherent spatial structure of the environment and are used to enhance interpretation of spatial pattern of the landscape. This study aims to monitor diachronically the LULC regime of the island of Crete, Greece with the use of Landsat satellite imageries (Landsat 5, Landsat-7 and Landsat-8) in terms of soil erosion. For this reason, radiometric and atmospheric corrections are applied to all satellite products and unsupervised classification algorithms are used to develop detail LULC maps of the island. The LULC classes are developed by generalizing basic CORINE classes. Following, various landscape metrics are applied to estimate the temporal changes in LULC patterns of the island. The results denote that the diachronic research of spatial patterns evolution can effectively assist to the investigation of the structure, function and landscape pattern changes.
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Zhu, Zhenjie, Bingjun Liu, Hailong Wang y Maochuan Hu. "Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes in Watershed Landscape Pattern and Its Influencing Factors in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas Using Satellite Data". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 6 (18 de marzo de 2021): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061168.
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Analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics and causes of landscape pattern changes in watersheds around big cities is essential for understanding the ecological consequence of urbanization and provides a basic reference for the watershed management. This study used a land-use transition matrix and landscape indices to explore the spatiotemporal change of land use and landscape pattern over Liuxihe River basin of Guangzhou in the southeast of China from 1980 to 2015 with multitemporal Landsat satellite data in response to the rapid urbanization process. Primary temporal and spatial influencing factors were first quantitatively identified through grey relation analysis (calculating correlation degree between land use changes and influencing factors) and Geodetector (detecting landscape spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors), respectively. Considerable spatial and temporal differences in land use and landscape pattern changes were observed herein, thus determining the influencing factors of these differences in the Liuxihe River basin. These changes were characterized by a large increase in construction land converted from cropland, particularly in the middle and lower reaches of the basin from 2000 to 2010, causing dramatic fragmentation and homogenization of the landscape pattern there. Meanwhile, the landscape pattern gradually transitioned from an agricultural land use dominant landscape to a construction land use dominant landscape in these regions. Furthermore, the rapid growth of a nonagricultural population and the transformation of industry primarily caused the temporal changes of landscape pattern, and the landscape spatial heterogeneity was mainly caused by the interaction of complicated geomorphology and anthropogenic activities in different spatial locations, particularly after 2000. This study not only provides an improved approach to quantifying the main spatiotemporal influencing factors of landscape pattern changes during different time periods, but also offers a reference for decision-makers to formulate optimal strategies on ecological protection and urban sustainable development of different regions in this study area.
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Iverson, Louis R. "Land-use changes in Illinois, ASA: The influence of landscape attributes on current and historic land use". Landscape Ecology 2, n.º 1 (noviembre de 1988): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138907.
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Merta, M., C. Seidler, S. Bianchin, H. Heilmeier y E. Richert. "Analysis of land use change in the Eastern Ore Mts. regarding both nature protection and flood prevention". Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (30 de junio de 2008): S105—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1193-swr.
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Two different models (WBS FLAB, WaSiM-ETH) were used in the project HochNatur (flood prevention and nature conservation in the Weißeritz catchment in the Eastern Ore Mts. – Erzgebirge) to determine risk areas with quick runoff processes and to simulate the discharge. It was done in different scales, in the mesoscale Weißeritz catchment as well as two selected subcatchments with different natural and urban conditions, the Weißbach subcatchment with a well-structured landscape, the Höckenbach subcatchment with a greater part of arable land. On the basis of selected scenarios, the effect of land use changes on the runoff generation processes of an area and on the hydrograph is described. Land use changes are able to reduce the portion of quick runoff components, the water erosion and the discharge. The effect occurs especially in smaller catchments and with short heavy rains (events with a frequency of occurrence of 5–50 years). Depending on the present situation the changes have to include areas of more than 25% of the catchments area to cause a significant effect. It became apparent that nature conservation and flood prevention agree well in their requirements with the land use. A rich structured landscape proved to be extraordinarily positive for both, flood prevention and nature conservation.
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Guimarães, Clécia Cristina Barbosa, Gustavo Souza Valladares, Claudia Miranda Martins y Veridiana Maria Sayão. "LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN THE LANDS OF THE UPPER COURSE OF THE BANABUIÚ RIVER, CEARÁ STATE, BRAZIL". Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 36 (10 de mayo de 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v36i0.40995.
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The land use and the anthropic occupation of lands are activities directly related to the degradation process of the original vegetation cover because the natural vegetation must be removed so that these activities may take place, which changes the landscape as a whole. In the central hinterland of Ceará State, it is clear that the agriculture and livestock grazing practices are the main factors responsible for the vegetation fragmentation process and landscape changes. Land use and land cover mapping are widely used in the evaluation of natural landscape fragmentation, applying on them, the metrics which quantify the structure of a landscape. Thus, those metrics were used on the land use and land cover mapping of a polygon located in the central hinterland of the Ceará State in order to determine the structure of the landscape and infer how much of its natural vegetation is degraded. It should be noticed, by the land use and land cover mapping, that the landscape is divided into eight classes, namely: Urban Area, Agriculture, Water Body, Pasture, Exposed Soil, Riparian Vegetation, Open Shrub Caatinga and Dense Shrub Caatinga , and that the region has a significant percentage of natural cover (65%), but It is very fragmented in ecologically unstable patches that have small areas and large perimeters (which gives them a lot of reentrants), vulnerable to edge effects and susceptible to disappear in a very short time.
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Sequeira, Catarina Romão, Francisco Rego, Cristina Montiel-Molina y Penelope Morgan. "Half-Century Changes in LULC and Fire in Two Iberian Inner Mountain Areas". Fire 2, n.º 3 (8 de agosto de 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2030045.
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Wildfires in the Iberian Peninsula were large and frequent in the second half of the 20th century. Land use and land cover (LULC) also changed greatly. Our aim was to understand the relationship between LULC and fire in the western and eastern ends of the Iberian Central Mountain System. We compared two case study landscapes, the Estrela massif and the Ayllón massif, which are biophysically similar but with different social-ecological contexts. In both, fires were in general more likely in shrublands and pastures than in forests. Shrublands replaced forests after fires. Contrasting LULC in the two massifs, particularly pastures, likely explained the differences in fire occurrence, and reflected different regional land use policies and history. Fire here is a social-ecological system, influenced by specific LULC and with implications from landscape to regional scales. Understanding how LULC changes interact with fire is powerful for improving landscape and regional planning.
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Ovreiu, Adriana Bianca, Iulian Andrei Bărsoianu, Constantin Nistor, Alexandru Nedelea y Laura Comănescu. "Long-Term Dynamics of Land Use in the Romanian Plain—The Central Bărăgan, Romania". Agriculture 11, n.º 5 (7 de mayo de 2021): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050423.
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Changes in land use and agricultural landscapes are primarily the result of socio-political and economic changes. This research is based on the analysis of old maps, pertaining to different historical periods, aiming to capture the dynamics of the landscape in the Central Bărăgan Plain. The cartographic materials used have the Map of Southern Romania from 1864, the Firing Master Plans and the Corine Land Cover dataset (1990, 2000, 2018) as reference. For the case studies, these sources are supplemented by the orthophotoplan from 2012 and the remotely-sensed image acquired by Corona satellites in 1974. The results highlight the fact that between 1864 and 2018, the Central Bărăgan Plain recorded important changes in land resources. The most significant transformations took place in the period between 1864 and 1959, when 58% of the plain area was purposed for another use in that large areas of land were introduced in the agricultural use. If in 1864 the agricultural lands represented less than half (196.896 ha) of the Central Bărăgan area, the natural areas being dominant (201.473 ha), in the first half of the 20th century, they increased exponentially (361.674 ha), the natural vegetation occupying much smaller areas (28.481 ha) mainly along the Ialomița and Călmățui rivers and near lakes. This trend is also expressed by the values of the index of naturalness which shows a drastic decrease, from 51.7% in 1864, to 10.6% in 1916–1959. There is also an increase of the area cover by settlements which should be explained by the occurrence of new villages and the increase in size of the existing villages. Another result of the approach concerns the changes that occurred in the agricultural landscape in the middle, respectively at the end of the 20th century, which is a fact quantified by computing the index of land fragmentation. The dynamics of land use and the changes in the features of the agricultural landscape, as far as the analyzed area is concerned, are due to the agrarian reforms pertaining to different historical periods, as well as to the forced relocations during the communist regime. Therefore, the study aims to highlight changes during historical, socio-economic and political time in land use and to reduce the degree of naturalness of the territory at the same time.